TransGood-Translation memory software Trados, SDL, ForeignDesk, Wordfast, WordFisher, Déjà Vu (DVX), 译佳计算机辅助翻译软件, 雅信CAT TransGood, TransMemory, Translation Software Tools, Computer-assisted translation, computer-aided translation, CAT, machine-aided translation, Translation memory software, Terminology management software, Alignment software, Software localization tools, ?bersetzung Software, Logiciels de traduction, Software di traduzione, Traducción de Software, Mémoire de traduction, Tradu??o memória, Memoria de traducción, Memoria di traduzione, Перевод Software, ForeignDesk, Okapi Framework, OmegaT, Transolution, AidTransStudio, Cafetran, Déjà Vu (DVX), Heartsome Translation Suite, MemoQ, MetaTexis, Rainbow, SDLX, SDL, STAR Transit, Trados, SDL Trados, Wordfast, WordFisher, Similis, Open Language Tools, 翻訳ソフトウェア, 翻訳メモリ, 翻译软件 辅助翻译软件 计算机辅助翻译软件 人工智能翻译 翻译工具 专业翻译软件 翻译记忆软件 塔多思 Trados SDL WordFast 雅信CAT 翻译公司 牛津词典 Oxford Dictionary 截瘫; 下身麻痹. paraplegic / 9pArE5pli:dVIk; 9pArE`plidVIk/ n, adj (person) suffering from paraplegia 患截瘫或下 身麻痹的（人）: She's (a) paraplegic. 她下身麻痹. * [attrib 作定语] ,paraplegic `sports, ie of or for paraplegics 截瘫患者体育运动会. paraquat / 5pArEkwCt; `pArE9kwBt/ n [U] (propr 专利名) extremely poisonous weed-killer 百草枯, 对草快（除草剂, 极毒）. parasite / 5pArEsaIt; `pArE9saIt/ n 1 animal (eg a flea, louse) or plant (eg mistletoe) that lives on or in another and gets its food from it 寄生物（如寄生虫或寄生植物）. 2 (derog 贬) person who lives off others and gives nothing in return 靠他人为生的人: live as a parasite on society 像寄生虫似的 靠社会为生. parasitic / 9pArE5sItIk; 9pArE`sItIk/, parasitical / 9pArE5sItIkl; 9pArE`sItIkl/ adjs (a) living as a parasite; like a parasite 寄生的; 似寄生物的; 靠他人为生的: a parasitic plant, worm 寄生的植物、 蠕形动物 * (fig 比喻) He lives a parasitic existence, borrowing money from his friends. 他靠向友 人借贷过寄生生活. (b) caused by a parasite 寄生物引起的: a parasitic disease 寄生性病害. parasitically / -klI; -klI/ adv. parasol / 5pArEsCl; ?@ -sR:l; `pArE9sRl/ n light umbrella used to give shade from the sun 阳伞. Cf 参看sunshade (sun). =>illus at App 1 见附录1 插图, page vii. paratroops / 5pArEtru:ps; `pArE9trups/ n [pl] soldiers trained to drop from an aircraft by parachute 伞 兵部队. paratrooper / 5pArEtru:pE(r); `pArE9trupL/ n one of these soldiers 伞兵. paratyphoid / 9pArE5taIfRId; 9pArE`taIfRId/ n [U] type of fever similar to typhoid, but less dangerous 副伤寒. parboil / 5pB:bRIl; `pBr9bRIl/ v [Tn] boil (food) until it is partly cooked 将（食物）煮到半熟: Potatoes can be parboiled before roasting. 土豆可先煮至半熟再烤. parcel / 5pB:sl; `pBrsl/ n 1 (US also package) thing or things wrapped up for carrying or sending by post 包裹: The postman has brought a parcel for you. 邮递员给你送来了一个包裹. * She was carrying a parcel of books under her arm. 她胳膊下夹著一包书. =>Usage at packet 用法见packet. 2 piece of land, esp on an estate (used esp in the expression shown) 一块地（尤指产业之一部分）（尤 用于以下示例）: a parcel of land 属产业上的一片地. 3 (idm 习语) part and parcel of sth => part1. parcel v. (-ll-; US -l-) (phr v) parcel sth out divide sth into parts or portions 将某物分成若干部分: He parcelled out the land into small plots. 他把那片土地分成小块. parcel sth up make sth into a parcel; wrap sth up 将某物打包; 包起某物: She parcelled up the books. 她把书包了起来. parcel bomb bomb wrapped up to look like a normal parcel and sent by post 邮包炸弹. parcel post system of sending parcels by post 包裹邮递: send sth (by) parcel post 用包裹邮寄某物. parch / pB:tF; pBrtF/ v [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] 1 make (sth) very dry and hot 使（某物） 极乾极热: earth parched by the sun 被太阳晒得乾热的土地* the parched deserts of N Africa 北非 乾热的沙漠* parched lips, eg of a person with a fever 乾裂的嘴唇（如发烧病人的）. 2 make (sb) very thirsty 使（某人）极渴: Give me a drink I'm parched. 给我点喝的--我渴死了. parchment / 5pB:tFmEnt; `pBrtFmEnt/ n 1 (a) [U] heavy paper-like material made from the skin of sheep or goats and used for writing on 羊皮纸. (b) [C] piece of this material which has been written on 羊皮纸文稿. 2 [U] type of paper similar to parchment 仿羊皮纸. pardon / 5pB:dn; `pBrdn/ n 1 [U] ~ (for sth) forgiveness 原谅; 宽恕: ask/seek sb's pardon for sth 就 某事请求某人原谅. 2 [C] (a) cancellation of a punishment incurred for a crime 赦免: He was granted a pardon after new evidence had proved his innocence. 有新证据证明他无辜, 因而他获得 赦免. (b) document on which this is written 赦免令; 赦免状. 3 (idm 习语) beg sb's pardon => beg. I beg your pardon => beg. pardon / 5pB:dn; `pBrdn/ v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tsg] ~ sb (for sth/doing sth) (esp fml 尤作郑重语) forgive or excuse sb for (sth) 就（某事）宽恕或原谅某人: He begged her to pardon him (for his rudeness). 他 求她原谅他（无礼）. * pardon an offence, a fault, etc 宽恕罪过、错误等* Pardon me (for) asking/Pardon my asking, but isn't that my hat you're wearing? 对不起冒昧问一下, 您戴的是不是 我的帽子? 2 (idm 习语) excuse/pardon my French => French. pardon interj (US also ,pardon `me) (used to ask sb to repeat sth because one didn't hear it 用以请求某人重 复所说). =>Usage at excuse2 用法见 excuse2. pardonable / 5pB:dnEbl; `pBrdnEbl/ adj that can be forgiven or excused 可宽恕的; 可原谅的: a pardonable error 可原谅的错误. pardonably / -EblI; -EblI/ adv (fml 文) understandably 可理解地; 可谅解地: She is pardonably proud of her wonderful cooking. 她对自己出色的烹调技术感到骄傲, 是可以理解的. pardoner n. (in the Middle Ages) person who was allowed to sell papal indulgences (indulgence 4b) （中世纪时）获准出售天主教赎罪券的人. pare / peE(r); pZr/ v [Tn] 1 trim (sth) by cutting away the edges 修剪（某物）边缘: pare one's finger-nails 修剪指甲. 2 cut away the skin or outer covering from (sth); peel 剥或削（某物）的皮: pare an apple 削苹果. 3 (phr v) pare sth down reduce sth considerably 大量削减某物: We have pared down our expenses to a bare minimum. 我们已最大限度地削减了开支. pare sth off (sth) remove (skin, peel, etc) from sth in thin strips 一条条地剥去或削掉（外皮）: She pared off the thick peel with a sharp knife. 她用一把锋利的刀削去厚厚的果皮. =>Usage at clip2 用法见clip2. parings / 5peErINz; `pZrINz/ n [pl] pieces that have been pared off 修剪、剥或削下之物: `nail parings 剪下的指甲. parent / 5peErEnt; `pZrEnt/ n 1 (usu pl 通常作复数) father or mother 父或母: May I introduce you to my parents (ie my father and mother)? 我把你介绍给我的父母行吗? * Denise and Martin have recently become parents. 丹尼斯和马丁最近当爸爸妈妈了. * Do you get on with your parents? 你 和父母合得来吗? * the duties of a parent 为人父母者的责任. =>App 8 见附录8. 2 animal or plant from which others are produced （动植物的）亲代, 亲本, 父本, 母本: [attrib 作定语] the parent bird, tree 亲代的鸟、树. parentage / -IdV; -IdV/ n [U] descent from parents; origin; ancestry 父母的身分; 家世; 世系; 出 身: a person of unknown parentage, ie having parents whose identity is not known 家世不明的人 * of humble parentage 出身卑贱. parental / pE5rentl; pE`rZntl/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of or relating to a parent or parents 父的; 母的; 父母的: parental affection, love, support, etc 父母的疼爱、爱、养育等 * children lacking parental care 缺乏父母关怀的儿童. parentally / pE5rentElI; pE`rZntlI/ adv. parenthood / 5peErEnthUd; `pZrEnt9hJd/ n [U] (state of) being a parent 做父母的身分: the responsibilities of parenthood 父母的责任. parent company commercial company that owns or controls one or more other companies 母公司; 总公司. parent-teacher association (abbr 缩写 PTA) organization of teachers and schoolchildren's parents, formed to improve relations and understanding between them 家长教师联谊会. parenthesis / pE5renWEsIs; pE`rZnWEsIs/ n (pl parentheses /-Esi:z; -E9siz/) 1 [C] additional word, phrase or sentence inserted into a passage which would be complete without it, and usu separated from it by brackets, dashes or commas 插入成分, 插入词语, 插入句（通常置于括号内或以破折号或逗 号隔开）. 2[Cusupl 通常作复数] either of a pair of round brackets (like these) used to enclose an additional word, phrase, etc （圆）括号（一边或一对）. =>App 3 见附录3. 3 in parenthesis enclosed between parentheses 在（圆）括号里: The statistics were given in parenthesis. 统计数字在括号里. * (fig 比喻) Let me add, in parenthesis, ..., ie as an aside... 让我加一句题外话.... parenthetic / 9pArEn5WetIk; 9pArEn`WZtIk/, parenthetical / -Ikl; -Ikl/ adjs of, relating to or inserted as a parenthesis （有关）插入词语的, 括号的, 括号里的: parenthetical remarks 插入的词语. parenthetically / -klI; -klI/ adv. in loco parentis / In 9lEUkEU pE5rentIs; In9lokopE`rZntIs/ (Latin 拉) acting for or instead of a parent; having the responsibility of a parent 代替父或母; 代尽人父或人母之责: I stand towards her in loco parentis. 我对她代尽其父母亲的责任. pariah / pE5raIE, 5prIE; pE`raIE, `pArIE/ n 1 social outcast 社会的遗弃者; 贱民: be treated as a pariah 被待作贱民. 2 (in India) person of no caste or of very low caste （印度的）贱民, 帕利亚（洁 净种姓以外的社会阶层的人）. parietal / pE5raIEtl; pE`raIEtl/ adj (anatomy 解) of either of the bones (parietal bones) forming part of the sides and top of the skull 颅腔壁的; 顶骨的. parish / 5pArIF; `pArIF/ n 1 [C] area within a diocese, having its own church and clergyman 牧区: He is vicar of a large rural parish. 他是农村一大牧区的牧师. * [attrib 作定语] a parish church 牧 区教堂* a parish priest 牧区牧师 * parish boundaries 牧区范围. 2 (also civil `parish) [C] (in England) area within a county, having its own local government （英国）郡以下的行政区. Cf 参看 borough 1. 3 [CGp] people living in a parish, esp those who attend church regularly 牧区的居民; （尤指）牧区内按时上教堂的教徒: The parish objected to some of the vicar's reforms. 牧区教徒反 对牧师的某些改革措施. 4 (idm 习语) ,parish `pump [attrib 作定语] of or relating to local affairs 地方事务的; 区域性的: parish-pump affairs, politics, gossip 区域性的事务、政治、流言蜚语. parishioner / pE5rIFEnE(r); pE`rIFEnL/ n inhabitant of a parish, esp one who attends church regularly 牧区居民; （尤指）牧区内按时上教堂的教徒. parish clerk official with various duties in connection with a parish church 牧区执事. parish council administrative body in a parish(1) 牧区管理委员会. parish register book recording the christenings, marriages and burials that have taken place at the parish church 牧区 记事录（记载牧区居民的洗礼、婚丧等事）. Parisian / pE5rIzIEn; ?@ -IVn; pE`rIVEn/ adj of or relating to Paris 巴黎的; 关于巴黎的. Parisian n. native or inhabitant of Paris 巴黎人; 巴黎居民. parity / 5pArEtI; `pArEtI/ n [U] (fml 文) 1 state of being equal; equality 同等; 相等; 平等: parity of status, pay, treatment 地位、工资、待遇的平等* Primary school teachers are demanding parity with (ie as much pay as) those in secondary schools. 小学教师要求与中学教师同酬. 2 (finance 财) equivalence of one currency inanother; being at par 平价; 价值对等: The two currencieshave now reached parity, ie are at par. 这两种货币现已达到同等价值. parity of exchange official rate of currency exchange agreed by governments 平价汇率. park / pB:k; pBrk/ n 1 public garden or recreation ground in a town 公园: The children have gone to play in the park. 孩子们到公园玩耍去了. 2 enclosed area of grassland, usu planted with trees, attached to a large country house （乡间巨宅的）庭园, （通常指）园林. 3 (US) sports ground or playing-field 运动或游戏场地. 4 (in compounds 用以构成复合词) (large) area of land used for recreation by the public 公共游乐场地: a, national `park 国家公园* a safari park 野生动物园 * an amusement park 游乐场. parkland / -lnd; -lAnd/ n [U] open grassland with clumps of trees 有树丛的开阔草地: The house stands in 500 acres of rolling parkland. 那所房子周围有500 英亩起伏不平的草地. parkway n. (US) wide road with trees, shrubs, etc along the sides and/or the central strip 林荫大道. park / pB:k; pBrk/ v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] stop and leave (a vehicle) in a place for a time 停放（车）: Where can we park (the car)? 我们在哪儿可以停（车）啊? * You can't park in this street. 这条街不 准停车. * You are/Your car is very badly parked. 你的汽车停放得很不好. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] (infml 口) (a) leave (sb/sth) in a place for a time （暂时）留下（某人）; 寄存（某物）: Park your luggage here while you buy a ticket. 你去买票, 行李就先放在这儿吧. (b) ~ oneself sit down 坐下: Park yourself in that chair while I make you a cup of tea. 你坐在那张椅子上, 我给你沏茶去. parka / 5pB:kE; `pBrkE/ n 1 jacket made from skin and with a hood, worn by Eskimos （爱斯基摩 人穿的）带风帽的皮外套. 2 jacket or coat shaped like this and worn by mountaineers, etc （登山 者穿的类似上述式样的）外套, 大衣, 皮猴儿. parkin / 5pB:kIn; `pBrkIn/ n [U] type of cake made with ginger, oatmeal and treacle 麦片糖姜饼. parking / 5pB:kIN; `pBrkIN/ n [U] (a) stopping a motor vehicle at a place and leaving it there for a time 机动车停放: There is no parking between 9 am and 6 pm. 上午9 时至下午6 时禁止停放机动 车辆. * [attrib 作定语] a parking fine, ie one incurred for parking illegally 违章停车罚款. (b) space or area for leaving vehicles 停车场: Is there any parking near the theatre? 剧院附近有停车场吗? parking-lot n. (US) = car-park (car). parking-meter n. meter into which one inserts coins to pay for parking a car beside it for a certain time 停车计时收费器. parking-ticket n. notice of a fine imposed for parking illegally 违章停车罚款通知单: I got a parking-ticket today! 今天我接到一张违章停车罚款通知单! Parkinson's disease / 5pB:kInsnz dIzi:z; `pBrkInsEnz dI9ziz/ (also Parkinsonism / 5pB:kInsEnIzEm; 9pBrkInsEn9Izm/ n [U]) chronic disease of the nervous system causing tremors and weakness of the muscles 帕金森（氏）病; 震颤性麻痹. Parkinson's law / 5pB:kInsnz lR:; 9pBrkInsEnz `lR/ (joc 谑) idea that work will always take as long as the time available for it 帕金森定律（只要时间许可, 工作总得拖拉到最后）. parky / 5pB:kI; `pBrkI/ adj [usu pred 通常作表语] (Brit dialect infml 方, 口) (of the air, weather, etc) cold; chilly （指空气、天气等）冷, 寒冷. parlance / 5pB:lEns; `pBrlEns/ n [U] (fml 文) particular way of speaking or use of words; phraseology 说法; 用语; 措辞; 术语: in common parlance 用普通的说法* in legal parlance 用 法律术语. parley / 5pB:lI; `pBrlI/ n (pl ~s) (esp formerly) meeting between enemies or opponents to discuss terms for peace, etc （尤指旧时）敌对双方的和谈: arrange/hold a parley with sb 安排和某人讲和. parley v. [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb) have a parley 与某人谈判. parliament / 5pB:lEmEnt; `pBrlEmEnt/ n 1 [CGp] assembly that makes the laws of a country 议会; 国会: the French, Spanish, etc parliament 法国、西班牙等的议会. 2 Parliament chief law-making assembly of the United Kingdom, consisting of the House of Commons, the House of Lords and the sovereign 英国国会（包括下议院、上议院和英王）: the ,Houses of `Parliament 国会两院 * a ,Member of `Parliament 国会议员* The issue was debated in Parliament. 这问题在国会中辩论 过. * get into (ie be elected a Member of) Parliament 被选为议员* adjourn, dissolve (a) Parliament 国会休会、解散国会* the State Opening of Parliament, ie the ceremony in which the sovereign opens a new session of Parliament （君主参加的新的一届）国会会议开幕式. 3 [C] Parliament as it exists during the period of time between one General Election and the next 两次大选之间的一届 议会或国会: The government is unlikely to get the bill through within (the lifetime of) this Parliament. 政府不大可能在本届国会（会期）内通过该项法案. 4 [C] building where a parliament meets 议 会或国会的大厦. parliamentarian / 9pB:lEmEn5teErIEn; 9pBrlEmZn`tZrIEn/ n person who is skilled at debating in parliament 议会中的雄辩家: one of our most eminent parliamentarians 我国议会中数一数二的雄辩 家. parliamentary / 9pB:lE5mentrI; 9pBrlE`mZntErI/ adj 1 [usu attrib 通常作定语] of or relating to parliament 国会的; 议会的; 关于议会或国会的: parliamentary debates 议会辩论 * parliamentary procedure 议会程序* a parliamentary recess 国会休会期. 2 (of behaviour, language, etc) polite enough and suitable for parliament （指举止、语言等）符合议会礼节的. parlour (US parlor) / 5pB:lE(r); `pBrlL/ n 1 (formerly) sitting-room in a private house, esp one where people may receive visitors or talk privately （旧时）起居室, 客厅, 会客室. 2 (in compounds 用以构成复合词) (esp US) shop providing certain goods or services （出售商品或提供 服务的）店, 馆: a `beauty/an ice-`cream/a `funeral parlor 美容院、冷食店、殡仪馆. parlour car = Pullman. parlour game game played in the home, eg a word-game 家中玩的游戏（如填字游戏）. parlous / 5pB:lEs; `pBrlEs/ adj (fml or rhet 文或修辞) full of danger or uncertainty; dangerous; very bad 充满危险或不定因素的; 危险的; 恶劣的: the parlous state of international relations 国际关系 危机四伏* English tennis is in a parlous condition. 英国网球运动不堪设想. Parmesan / 5pB:mIzAn; ?@ 9pB:rmI5zAn; 9pBrmE`zAn/ n [U] (also ,Parmesan `cheese) type of hard cheese made in Italy, usu grated and served on pasta dishes 帕尔马乾酪（意大利产的硬乾酪, 通常 磨碎佐面食用）. parochial / pE5rEUkIEl; pE`rokIEl/ adj 1 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (fml 文) of or relating to a church parish 牧区的; 关于牧区的: parochial matters 牧区事务. 2 (derog 贬) showing interest in a limited area only; narrow 偏狭的; 狭隘的: a parochial person, attitude, event 心胸狭隘的人、偏 狭的态度、地方事件* He is rather too parochial in his outlook. 他的眼界未免过于狭隘了. parochialism / -IzEm; -9Izm/ n [U] parochially /-kIElI; -kIElI/ adv. parody / 5pArEdI; `pArEdI/ n 1 [C, U] ~ (of sth) (piece of) speech, writing or music that imitates the style of an author, composer, etc in an amusing and often exaggerated way; comic imitation 诙谐模仿 的言语、文字或音乐（作品）: a parody of a Shakespearian sonnet, an operatic aria, a well-known politician 对莎士比亚十四行诗、歌剧咏叹调、著名政治家演说的滑稽模仿* She has a gift for parody. 她有模仿他人风格的天才. 2 [C] thing that is done so badly that it seems to be an intentional mockery of what it should be; travesty 做得极糟的事物（迹近荒谬）; 拙劣的模仿: The trial was a parody of justice. 那场审判是对正义的嘲弄. parodist / -Ist; -Ist/ n person who writes parodies 滑稽模仿作品作者: a gifted parodist 有才华的滑 稽模仿作品作者. parody v. (pt, pp -died) [Tn] make a parody(1) of (sb/sth); imitate comically 滑稽地模仿（某人[某 事物]）: parody an author, a style, a poem 滑稽地模仿一作家、一种风格、一首诗. parole / pE5rEUl; pE`rol/ n 1 [C, U] promise made by a prisoner that he will not try to escape if released for a limited time, or commit another crime if released before the end of his sentence (used esp in the expressions shown) （为获假释而作刑满前不逃跑或不犯罪的）誓言（尤用于以下示例）: be on parole, ie have been released after making this promise 宣誓后获假释* let sb out/release sb on parole 让某人宣誓后出狱[获假释] * break (one's) parole, ie commit a crime after being released from prison or fail to return to prison at the specified time 违誓（假释期间犯新罪或逾期不返监狱）. 2 [sing] release of a prisoner after he has made this promise of good behaviour 假释: He's hoping to get parole. 他希望获得假释. parole v. [Tn] release (a prisoner) on parole 准许（犯人）宣誓后获假释. paroxysm / 5pArEksIzEm; `pArEks9IzEm/ n sudden attack or outburst (of anger, laughter, pain, etc) （愤怒、大笑、疼痛等的）发作: He went into a paroxysm of rage, ie became very angry. 他勃然 大怒. * paroxysms of coughing, giggling, etc 一阵咳嗽、傻笑等. parquet / 5pB:keI; ?@ pB:r5keI; pBr`ke/ n [U] flooring made of wooden blocks arranged in a pattern 拼花地板: [attrib 作定语] a parquet floor 拼花地板. parr / pB:(r); pBr/ n (pl unchanged or ~s 复数或不变或作parrs) young salmon 幼鲑. parricide / 5pArIsaId; `pArE9saId/ n 1 [C, U] (act of) killing one's father or a close relative 杀父或 杀近亲（的行为）. 2 [C] person guilty of this 杀父者; 杀近亲者. Cf 参看 patricide. parricidal / 9prI5saIdl; `pArE9saIdl/ adj . parrot / 5pArEt; `pArEt/ n 1 any of various types of tropical bird with hooked beaks and brightly-coloured feathers, some of which can be trained to imitate human speech 鹦鹉. =>illus 见插 图. 2 (esp derog 尤作贬义) person who repeats sb else's words or imitates his actions without thinking 盲目重复他人的话或模仿他人行为的人. 3 (idm 习语) sick as a parrot => sick. parrot v. [Tn] repeat (the words or actions of sb else) without thinking 盲目重复（某人的话）; 盲 目模仿（某人的行为）. parrot-fashion adv (derog 贬) without thinking about or understanding the meaning of sth 鹦鹉学舌般地: learn/repeat sth parrot-fashion 机械地学习[重复]某事物. parry / 5prI; `pArI/ v (pt, pp parried) [Tn] 1 turn aside or ward off (a blow or an attack) by using one's own weapon or one's hand to block it （用手中武器或徒手）格开, 挡开（打击）. =>illus at fencing (fence) 见fencing 插图. 2 (fig 比喻) avoid having to answer (sth) 对（某事）避而不答, 支 吾搪塞: parry an awkward question 回避一令人尴尬的问题. parry n. act of parrying, esp in fencing and boxing 挡开, 闪避（尤指击剑和拳击中）. parse / pB:z; ?@ pB:rs; pBrs/ v [Tn] (grammar) 1 describe the grammatical form and function of (a word), giving its part of speech, case1(8), etc 对（一词）作语法分析. 2 divide (a sentence) into parts and describe them grammatically 对（句子）作语法分析. Parsee / 9pB:5si:; pBr`si/ n member of a religious sect in India whose ancestors originally came from Persia; believer in Zoroastrianism 琐罗亚斯德教教徒（祖先来自波斯的印度教派）. parsimony / 5pB:sImEnI; ?@ -mEUnI; `pBrsE9monI/ n [U] (fml 文) excessive carefulness in spending money or using resources; meanness 吝啬; 小气; 过分节俭. parsimonious / 9pB:sI5mEUnIEs; 9pBrsE`monIEs/ adj (fml 文) very careful in spending money or using resources; mean 吝啬的; 小气的; 非常节俭的: aparsimonious old man 非常节俭的老头. parsimoniously adv. parsimoniousness n. [U] = parsimony. parsley / 5pB:slI; `pBrslI/ n [U] herb with crinkled green leaves used for flavouring and decorating food 欧芹: [attrib 作定语] parsley sauce 欧芹沙司. parsnip / 5pB:snIp; `pBrsnIp/ n (a) [C] plant with along, pale yellow, edible root 欧洲防风（根长, 淡 黄色, 可食）. =>illus at turnip 见turnip 插图. (b) [C, U] this root cooked as a vegetable 欧洲防风根: [attrib 作定语] parsnip soup 欧洲防风根汤. parson / 5pB:sn; `pBrsn/ n 1 (in the Church of England) parish priest; vicar or rector （英国国教的） 牧区牧师, 牧区教堂牧师. 2 (infml 口) any Protestant clergyman 新教教士. parsonage / -IdV; -IdV/ n parson's house; vicarage or rectory 牧区牧师住宅; 牧区教堂牧师的住 所. parson's nose (US pope's nose) ( infml 口) piece of flesh at the tail end of a cooked bird, esp a chicken （烹调过的禽类的）屁股肉（尤指鸡的）. part / pB:t; pBrt/ n (often without a when singular 用作单数时, 常不用冠词a) 1 [C] ~ (of sth) some but not all of a thing or number of things 部分: We spent (a) part of our holiday in France. 我们 假期一段时间是在法国度过的. * The early part of her life was spent in Paris. 她早年住在巴黎. * She had a miserable holiday she was ill for part of the time. 她假日过得很不痛快--因为病了一段 时间. * The film is good in parts. 这部影片有些部分还不错. * Parts of the book are interesting. 这 部书有些地方写得很有趣. * We've done the difficult part of the job. 我们已把工作中的困难部分 做完了. * The police only recovered part of the stolen money. 警方只追回了部分赃款. * Part of the building was destroyed in the fire. 建筑物有一部分已烧毁. 2 [C] ~ (of sth) (a) distinct portion of a human or animal body or of a plant （人或动植物可区分的）部分: the parts of the body 身体各部 * Which part of your leg hurts? 你腿上哪儿痛? (b) (usu essential) piece or component of a machine or structure （机器或结构的）部件, （通常指）组成部分: lose one of the parts of the lawn-mower 丢 失刈草机上的一个零件* the working parts of a machine 机器的操作部件 * spare parts 备件. (c) area or region of a country, town, etc （国家、市镇等的）地区, 区域: Which parts of France have you visited? 你去过法国哪些地方? * Which part of London do you come from? 你是伦敦什麽地 方的人? * Do come and visit us if you're ever in our part of the world. 什麽时候到我们这一带来, 一定来和我们见见面. (d) member of sth 成员: We'd like you to feel you're part of the family. 希望 你能感到像一家人一样. * work as part of a team 作为小组中一员进行工作. 3 [C] division of a book, broadcast serial, etc, esp as much as is published or broadcast at one time （书、广播连续节 目等）部, 集（尤指长短适合于一次出版或播出者）: a TV serial in 10 parts, ie instalments 十集电 视连续剧* an encyclopaedia published in 25 weekly parts 每周出一次, 分25 个星期出齐的一套 百科全书* Henry IV, Part II 《亨利四世·第二部分》. 4 [C] each of several equal portions of a whole （整体的若干等份中的）一部分: a sixtieth part of a minute 一分钟的六十分之一 * She divided the cake into three parts. 她把饼分成三份. 5 [C usu sing 通常作单数] ~ (in sth) person's share in an activity; role （活动中的）个人部分, 作用, 本分: Everyone must do his part. 大家都要 做好分内的事. * He had no part in the decision. 他并未参予那一决定. * I want no part in this sordid business. 我不想和这一肮脏勾当有任何瓜葛. 6 [C] (a) role played by an actor in a play, film, etc （戏剧、电影等中的）人物, 角色: He took/played the part of Hamlet. 他去哈姆雷特这 个角色. * He was very good in the part. 这个角色他扮演得十分出色.* (fig 比喻) He's always acting/playing a part, ie pretending to be what he is not. 他老是装模作样. (b) words spoken by an actor playing a particular role 角色的台词: Have you learnt your part yet? 你的台词背熟了吗? 7 [C] (music 音) melody or other line of music given to a particular voice or instrument 部; 声部; 段: sing in three parts 三部合唱* the piano, violin, cello, etc part 钢琴、小提琴、大提琴等部. 8 parts [pl] region or area 地区; 地域: She's not from these parts. 她不是这一带的人. * He's just arrived back from foreign parts. 他刚从国外归来. 9 [C] (US) =parting 2. 10 (idm 习语) the best part of sth most of sth (esp a period of time) （某事物的）绝大部分（尤指一段时间）: I spent the best part of an hour trying to find my car keys. 我花了近一个小时找汽车钥匙. * You must have drunk the best part of a bottle of wine last night. 你昨天晚上喝了准有一瓶葡萄酒. the better part of sth more than half of sth （某事物的）大半, 多半: We've lived here for the better part of a year. 我们 在这里住了多半年了. discretion is the better part of valour => discretion. for the `most part on the whole; usually; mostly 整体上; 通常; 多半: Japanese TV sets are, for the most part, of excellent quality. 日本电视机大多质量优良. for `my part as far as I am concerned 就我来说: For my part, I don't mind where we eat. 对我来说, 到哪儿吃饭都无所谓. the greater part of sth => great. in `part to a certain extent; partly 在某种程度上; 部分地: His success was due in part to luck. 他成功的部 分原因是运气好. look the part wear clothes or have an appearance suitable for a job, role, position, etc 在什麽场合就有什麽扮相: At her wedding the new princess certainly looked the part. 王妃在婚 礼上还挺是那麽回事. a man/woman of (many) `parts person with many skills or talents 多面手; 多 才多艺的人. on the part of sb/on sb's part made or done by sb 由某人做出: It was an error on my part. 那是我的过失. * The agreement has been kept on my part but not on his, ie by me but not by him. 我一直遵守协议, 但他并不遵守. part and parcel of sth an essential part of sth 主要部分; 重 要部分: Keeping the accounts is part and parcel of my job. 我的工作主要是记帐. play a part (in sth) (a) be involved in an activity 参加某活动: She plays an active part in local politics. 她积极参与地方 政治活动. (b) make a contribution to sth; have a share in sth 对某事起作用、有贡献; 参与: She played a major part in the success of the scheme. 她对该计画的成功起了重要作用. * We all have a part to play in the fight against crime. 在与犯罪活动的斗争中人人有责. * Economic factors have played a significant part in Britain's decline as a world power. 英国在世界强国中的地位逐渐衰弱, 主要是经济因素造成的. take sth in good `part react to sth in a good-natured way; not be offended by sth 对某事物往好处想; 不计较; 不介意: He took the teasing in good part. 他认为逗弄他并无恶 意. take part (in sth) have a share or role in sth with others; be involved in sth; participate in sth 参加, 参与（某事物）: take part in a discussion, demonstration, game, fight, celebration 参加讨论、游行、 比赛、战斗、庆祝* How many countries will be taking part (in the World Cup)? 有多少国家要 参加（世界杯赛）? take sb's `part support sb (eg in an argument) 支持某人（如在辩论中）: His mother always takes his part. 他母亲总是站在他一边. > part adv partly 部分地: She is part French, part English. 她有法国血统, 也有英国血统. * The dress is part silk, part wool. 这件连衣裙是丝毛混纺 的. * Her feelings were part anger, part relief. 她既感愤怒又觉宽慰. partly adv to some extent 在一定程度上: She was only partly responsible for the accident. 这次事故她只 有几分责任. * It was partly her fault. 有一部分是她的错. part-exchange n. [U] method of buying sth in which an article (eg a car) is given as part of the payment for a more expensive one 部分抵价交易法（用旧物抵一部分价款购买较昂贵同类物品的 方法, 如将旧汽车作价）: offer/take sth in part-exchange 以部分抵价交易法出售[购买]某物. part of speech ( grammar) one of the classes into which words are divided in grammar, eg noun, adjective, verb, etc 词类（如名词、形容词、动词等）. part-owner n. person who shares the ownership of sth with sb else 共有者（与他人共同所有某事物 者）: Tim is part-owner of the flat. 蒂姆有该居住单位的部分产权. part-ownership n. [U]. part-singing n. [U] singing part-songs 多声部合唱. part-song n. song with three or more parts (part1 7) 合唱曲. part-time adj, adv for only a part of the working day or week （一天或一星期中）部分时间工作的; 兼职 的:,part-time `work/em`ployment 兼职工作[非全职雇佣] * She's looking for a ,part-time `job. 她在 寻找兼职工作. * ,part-time `workers 兼职工作人员* work part-time 兼职工作. part-timer n. part-time worker 兼职工作者. Cf 参看 full-time (full). part / pB:t; pBrt/ v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (from sb); ~ sb (from sb) (cause sb to) go away or separate from sb （使某人）离开或与某人分离: I hope we can part (as) friends, ie leave one another with no feeling of anger or resentment, eg after a quarrel. 希望我们能像朋友般和气分手. * They exchanged a final kiss before parting. 他们最后相互亲吻而分离. * She has parted from her husband/She and her husband have parted, ie started to live apart. 她和丈夫已分居了. * The children were parted from their father. 孩子们和父亲分开了. 2 [I, Tn] (cause sb/sth to) divide or form separate parts （使某人 [某物]）分开, 分成部分: Her lips parted in a smile. 她绽唇微笑. * The crowd parted to let them through. 人群分开好让他们通过. * The clouds parted and the sun shone through. 云开日出. * The police parted the crowd. 警察驱散了人群. 3 [Tn] separate (the hair of the head) along a line and comb the hair away from it 将（头发）梳成分头: He parts his hair in the middle. 他的头发是中分 的. 4 (idm 习语) a fool and his money are soon parted => fool1. part `company (with sb/sth) (a) go different ways or separate after being together 分手; 各奔东西; 各奔前程: We parted company at the bus-stop. 我们在公共汽车站分手了. * He and his agent have parted company/He has parted company with his agent. 他和他的代理人散伙了. * (joc 谑) Her blouse had parted company with her skirt, ie become untucked. 她的上衣从裙子里出来了. * (fig 比喻) It is on political questions that their views part company, ie are different. 他们在政治问题上见解不同. (b) disagree with sb 与 某人意见不合: I'm afraid I have to part company with you there. 看来在这一点上我不敢苟同. 5 (phr v) part with sth give away or relinquish sth 放弃或出让某物: Despite his poverty, he refused to part with the family jewels. 他尽管贫穷, 却不肯变卖家中的珠宝. * He hates parting with (ie spending) his money. 他很不喜欢花钱. partake / pB:5teIk; pBr`tek/ v (pt partook / -5tUk; -`tJk/, pp partaken / -5teIkEn; -`tekEn/) [I, Ipr] ~ (of sth) (fml or rhet 文或修辞) eat or drink a part or portion of sth 吃; 喝: They invited us to partake of their simple meal. 他们邀请我们吃便饭. * Will you partake of a glass of sherry? 你要喝杯雪利酒 吗? parterre / pB:5teE(r); pBr`tZr/ n level space in a large garden, with ornamental flower beds separated by lawns or paths （花园中的）花坛区. parthenogenesis / 9pB:WInEU5dVenEsIs; 9pBrWEno`dVZnEsIs/ n [U] (biology 生) type of reproduction in some insects and plants, in which the ovum develops without being fertilized by the male 单性生殖; 孤雌生殖. Parthian shot / 9pB:WIEn 5FCt; 9pBrWIEn `FBt/ sharp or telling remark made by sb as he leaves 临 别所说的刻薄话. Cf 参看a parting shot (parting). partial / 5pB:Fl; `pBrFEl/ adj 1 of or forming a part; not complete 部分的; 不完全的: a partial recovery, eg after an illness 部分复原* Our holiday was only a partial success. 我们的假日过得只 能说是差强人意. * a partial eclipse of the sun 日偏食. 2 [usu pred 通常作表语] ~ (towards sb/sth) showing too much favour to one person or side; biased 偏心; 偏向; 偏袒: The referee was accused of being partial (towards the home team). 裁判受指责（对本地队）偏心. Cf 参看 impartial. 3 [pred 作表语] ~ to sb/sth having a strong liking for sb/sth 偏爱某人[某事物]的: He's (rather) partial to a glass of brandyafter dinner. 他（很）爱饭后喝一杯白兰地. partiality / 9pB:FI5AlEtI; 9pBrFI`AlEtI/ n 1 [U] ~ (towards sb/sth) being partial(2); bias; favouritism 偏向; 偏见; 偏袒: He judged the case without partiality. 他判决该案十分公正. 2 [C] ~ for sb/sth liking or fondness for sb/sth 偏爱、爱好某人[某事物]: She has a partiality for French cheese. 她偏爱法国乾酪. partially / 5pB:FElI; `pBrFElI/ adv 1 not completely; partly 不完全地; 部分地: He is partially paralysed. 他身体有一部分瘫痪了. 2 in a partial(2) manner 偏心地; 偏向地; 偏袒地. participate / pB:5tIsIpeIt; pBr`tIsE9pet/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (in sth) take part or become involved (in an activity) 参加, 参与（某活动）: participate in a competition, discussion, meeting 参加竞赛、讨论、会议 * She actively participates in local politics. 她积极参与本地政治活动. * How many countries will be participating (in the Olympic Games)? 有多少国家要参加（奥林匹克运动会）? participant / pB:5tIsIpEnt; pBr`tIsEpEnt/ n ~ (in sth) person or group of people who participate in sth 参加者: All the participants in the debate had an opportunity to speak. 所有参加辩论的人都有机会 发言. participation / pB:9tIsI5peIFn; pBr9tIsE`peFEn/ n [U] ~ (in sth) (action of) participating in sth 参加: Union leaders called for the active participation of all members in the day of protest. 工会领袖号召 抗议那天全体会员积极参加. participle / 5pB:tIsIpl; `pBrtE9sIpl/ n (grammar) word formed from a verb, ending in -ing (present participle) or -ed, -en, etc (past participle) and used in verb phrases (eg She is going or She has gone) or as an adjective (eg a fascinating story) 分词: `Hurrying' and `hurried' are the present and past participles of `hurry'. hurrying 和 hurried 是 hurry 的现在分词和过去分词. participial / 9pB:tI5sIpIEl; 9pBrtE`sIpIEl/ adj consistingof or being a participle 由分词组成的; 分 词的: `Loving' in `a loving mother' and `polished' in `polished wood'are participial adjectives. *loving mother 中的loving 和polished wood 中的polished 是分词形容词. particle / 5pB:tIkl; `pBrtIkl/ n 1 very small bit or piece (of sth) 微粒; 粒子: particles of dust/dust particles 尘埃* He choked on a particle of food. 他让一小粒食物噎住了. 2 smallest possible amount 极少量: There's not a particle of truth in her story. 她讲的没有一句实话. 3 (also ad,verbial `particle) (grammar) word (eg away, back, down) used esp after a verb to show position, direction of movement, etc 副词小词（如away 、 back、 down, 尤用于动词后, 表示位置、运 动方向等）: In `break down' and `tell sb off', `down' and `off' are adverbial particles. 在break down 和tell sb off 两词组中, down 和off 都是副词小词. particoloured / 5pB:tIkQlEd; `pBrtI9kQlLd/ (US -colored) adj having different colours in different parts 杂色的; 斑驳的. particular / pE5tIkjUlE(r); pL`tIkjElL/ adj 1 [attrib 作定语] relating to one person or thing rather than others; individual 个别的; 个人的: in this particular case 在此个别情况中 * his particular problems 他个人的问题* Is there any particular colour you would prefer? 你有什麽特别喜欢的颜 色吗? 2 [attrib 作定语] more than usual; special; exceptional 非一般的; 特别的; 特殊的: a matter of particular importance 特别重要的事情* for no particular reason 无特殊原因* She took particular care not to overcook the meat. 她特别小心不把肉烹调过火. * He is a particular friend of mine. 他是我的特殊朋友. 3 ~ (about/over sth) giving close attention to detail; difficult to please; fussy 非常讲究的; 难以满足的; 挑剔的; 吹毛求疵的: She's very particular about what she wears. 她对衣著很讲究. * She's a very particular person. 她这个人很挑剔. * particular about cleanliness, money matters, one's appearance 对清洁、钱财、个人仪表很认真. 4 (idm 习语) in par`ticular especially or specifically 尤其; 特别: The whole meal was good but the wine in particular was excellent. 整顿饭都很好, 尤其是葡萄酒更好. * `Is there anything in particular you'd like for dinner?' `No, nothing in particular.' ｀正餐你有什麽特别喜欢的菜吗?｀没有, 什麽都行. ＇ particular n. (often pl 常作复数) piece of information; detail; fact 信息; 细节; 事项: Her account is correct in every particular/all particulars. 她的帐目笔笔无误. * He gave full particulars of the stolen property. 他详细列出全部被盗的财物. * The policewoman wrote down his particulars, ie his name, address, etc. 女警记下了他的个人资料. particularity / pE9tIkjU5lArEtI; pL9tIkjE`lArEtI/ n [U] (a) quality of being individual or particular(1) 个别的特性; 个性. (b) attention to detail; exactness 仔细; 精细; 详细; 精确. particularize, particularise / pE5tIkjUlEraIz; pL`tIkjElE9raIz/ v [I, Tn] name or state (sth) specially or one by one; specify (items) 逐一列举或具体说明（某事物）. particularization, particularisation / pE9tIkjUlEraI5zeIFn; pL9tIkjElErE`zeFEn/ n [U]. particularly adv especially 尤其; 特别地; 特殊地: I like all her novels, but her latest is particularly good. 她的 小说我都喜欢, 最新的一部尤其好. * Be particularly careful when driving at night. 晚上开车要特 别小心. * I particularly want to see that film. 我特别想看那部电影 parting / 5pB:tIN; `pBrtIN/ n 1 [C, U] (act of) leaving sb; departure 离开某人; 分别; 分手: a tearful parting 洒泪而别 * [attrib 作定语] a parting kiss 离别一吻. 2 [C] (US part) line where the hair is combed away in different directions （头发的）分缝. =>illus at hair 见hair 插图. 3 (idm 习 语) a/the ,parting of the `ways (a) place where a road, etc divides into two （道路等的）一分为二的 地方; 三岔路口; 丁字街. (b) point at which one has to decide between two courses of action 须在两 者间做出抉择之点. a ,parting `shot action or comment, esp an unfriendly or unkind one, made by a person as he departs 临别的言行（尤指不友好的或恶意的）. Cf 参看 Parthian shot. partisan / 9pB:tI5zAn, 5pB:tIzAn; ?@ 5pB:rtIzn; `pBrtEzn/ n 1 enthusiastic and often uncritical supporter of a person, group or cause （对某人、团体或事业）热心的而常为盲目的拥护者. member of an armed resistance movement in a country occupied by enemy forces 沦陷区内的武装抗 敌分子; 游击队员: [attrib 作定语] partisan warfare 游击战. partisan adj. uncritically supporting a person, group or cause; biased 盲从的; 帮派性强的; 偏袒的: partisan attitudes, feelings, thinking, etc 朋党的看法、情绪、见解等* You must listen to both points of view and try not to be partisan. 你必须兼听双方观点, 尽量做到不偏不倚. partisanship / -FIp; -9FIp/ n [U]. partition / pB:5tIFn; pBr`tIFEn/ n 1 (a) [U] action of dividing or state of being divided into parts, esp the division of one country into two or more nations 分割, 划分, 分裂（尤指国家）: the partition of India in 1947 1947 年印度的分裂. (b) [C] part formed in this way; section （以上述方式形成的）部 分. 2 [C] structure that divides a room or space into two parts, esp a thin wall in a house 将房间或 空间分成两部分的结构; （尤指房子中的）隔断, 板壁, 隔扇. partition v. 1 [Tn] divide (sth) into parts 将（某事物）分成部分; 分割: India was partitioned in 1947. 印度于1947 年分裂. 2 (phr v) partition sth off separate (one area, part of a room, etc) from another with a partition （用分隔物）分隔, 隔开（某处）; 打隔断: We've partitioned off one end of the kitchen to make a breakfast room. 我们已把厨房的一头隔开作吃早饭的房间. partitive / 5pB:tItIv; `pBrtEtIv/ adj (grammar) (of a word or phrase) referring to or indicating a part or quantity of sth （指词或词组）表示部分的. partitive n. (grammar) partitive word or phrase 表示部分的词或词组: `Some' and `any' are partitives. some 和 any 是表示部分的词. partner / 5pB:tnE(r); `pBrtnL/ n 1 person who takes part in an activity with another or others, esp one of several owners of a business 伙伴; 同伙; （尤指）合伙人, 股东: She was made a partner in the firm. 她当上了该商行的股东. * a senior/junior partner in a firm of solicitors 律师事务所中资 深[资浅]的合伙人* They were partners in crime. 他们是共犯. 2 either of two people dancing together or playing tennis, cards, etc on the same side （跳舞、打网球、玩纸牌等的）同伴, 搭档: dancing partners 舞伴* Take your partners for the next dance. 现在开始下一舞曲, 请找好舞伴. * be sb's partner at bridge, badminton, etc 作某人的搭档打桥牌、羽毛球等. 3 either of two people who are married to one another or having a sexual relationship with one another 配偶; 性伴侣; 情人: He doesn't have a regular (sexual) partner at the moment. 他现在没有固定的（性）伴侣. partner v. 1 [Tn] act as or be the partner of (sb) 做（某人的）同伴或搭档: partner sb at bridge, tennis, etc 在桥牌、网球等中做某人的搭档* partner sb in a tango 和某人共跳探戈舞. 2 (phr v) partner (sb) off (with sb)(cause two people to) become partners (partner 2) （使两人）配成对, 作搭 档: We (were) partnered off for the next dance. 下一舞曲我们两人一起跳. partnership / -FIp; -FIp/ n ~ (with sb) (a) [U] state of being a partner or partners, esp in business 合 伙人身分; 合股; 合伙经营: She worked in partnership with her sister/They worked in partnership. 她和妹妹合股经营[他们合伙经营]. * He went/entered into partnership with his brother. 他和弟弟 合伙做生意. * He and his brother went/entered into partnership. 他和弟弟合伙做生意. (b) [C] two or more people working, playing, etc together as partners （在一起工作、游戏等的）两人, 一伙人: a successful partnership 配合默契的人. partook pt of partake. partridge / 5pB:trIdV; `pBrtrIdV/ n (a) [C] (pl unchanged or ~s 复数或不变或作partridges) any of various types of game-bird with brown feathers, plump bodies and short tails 山鹑. =>illus at App 1 见附录1 插图, page v. (b) [U] its flesh eaten as food 山鹑肉. parturition / 9pB:tjU5rIFn; ?@ -tFU-; 9pBrtFJ`rIFEn/ n [U] (medical 医) process of giving birth; childbirth 分娩. party / 5pB:tI; `pBrtI/ n 1 [C] (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) social gathering to which people are invited, esp in order to celebrate sth 社交集会; （尤指）庆祝会, 纪念会: a `birthday party 生日庆祝会* a `dinner party 宴会* a `garden party 游园会* I'm giving/having/holding a party next Saturday night. 星期六我举行晚会. * [attrib 作定语] a `party dress 宴会服. 2 [CGp] (used esp in compounds or attributively with ns 尤用以构成复合词或用以修饰名词) group of people working or travelling together （一起工作、同行的）群, 组, 团, 队: a `search party 搜索组 * The Government set up a working party to look into the problem. 政府成立了工作组调查那个问题. * a party of schoolchildren, tourists, etc 一群小学生、游客等. 3 [CGp] (used esp in compounds or attributively with ns 尤用以构成复合词或用以修饰名词) political organization with stated aims and policies that puts forward candidates in elections 党; 政党; 党派: The main political parties in the United States are the Democrats and the Republicans. 美国的主要政党是民主党和共和党. * She's a member of the `Communist Party. 她是共产党员. * [attrib 作定语] the party `leader, `policy, mani`festo 党的领袖、政策、宣言* party `interests, `funds, `members 党的利益、基金、成 员* the `party system, ie government based on political parties 政党制度（即政党统治）. 4 [C] (law 律) person or people forming one side in a legal agreement or dispute （契约或争论中的）一方, 当事人: the guilty party, ie the person who is to blame for sth 有罪过的一方* Is this solution acceptable to all parties concerned? 这个解决办法有关各方是否都能接受? 5 [C] (dated infml 旧, 口) person 人. 6 (idm 习语) be (a) party to sth participate in, knowabout or support (an action, a plan, etc) 参与、了解或支持（某行动、计画等）: be party to an agreement, a crime, a decision 　?i 参与协议、犯罪活动、决定* They refused to be party to any violence. 他们拒不参加任何暴力 活动. party line telephone line shared by two or more customers who each have their own number 电话合用线; 同线 电话. party line official policies of a political party 政党的路线: Some MPs refused to follow/toe the party line on defence. 有些议员拒不遵循党的防务政策. party politics political activity carried out through, by or for parties 政党政治. party political of or relating to a political party or parties 政党政治的: a party political broadcast by the Labour Party 工党的政治广播节目. party spirit 1 strong liking for parties (party 1) 对社交聚会的喜爱. 2 loyalty to a political party 党性. party-wall n. wall that divides one property from another and is the joint responsibility of the owners of those properties 界墙; 共用墙. parvenu / 5pB:vEnju:; ?@ -nu:; `pBrvE9nu/ n (derog 贬) person who has suddenly risen from a low social or economic position to one of wealth or power 暴发户; 新贵. faux pas / 9fEU 5pB:; `fo`pB/ (pl faux pas / 9fEUpB:z;`fo `pBz/) (French 法) embarrassing mistake; indiscreet remark, etc 失态; 失言; 失礼. paschal / 5pAskl, also 5pB:skl; `pAskl/ adj (religion 宗) 1 of the Jewish Passover 逾越节的. 2of Easter 复活节的. pass / pB:s; ?@ pAs; pAs/ n 1 success in an examination 及格: get a pass in French 法语及格 * 2 passes and 3 fails 两门及格, 三门不及格. 2 (a) paper or card giving sb permission, eg to enter, leave or be absent from a place 通行证; 许可证: All visitors must show their passes before entering the building. 参观者须出示许可证方可进入该建筑物. * There is no admittance without a pass. 无 通行证者不得入内. (b) any of various types of bus ticket or train ticket, esp one allowing sb to travel regularly along a particular route over a specified period of time or to travel at a reduced fare or free of charge （公共汽车或火车的）乘车券（尤指在某期间在某固定路线上使用的或优待或免费搭乘 的票据）: a monthly bus pass, ie one that is valid for a month 公共汽车月票. 3 ~ (to sb) (in football, hockey, Rugby, etc) act of kicking, hitting or throwing the ball to a player of one's own side （足球、 曲棍球、橄榄球等中的）传球: a long pass to the striker 给前锋的长传. 4 (route through a) gap or low point in a range of mountains 关隘; 山口; 山道; 山路. 5 (in card-games) act of not playing a card or making a bid when it is one's turn （纸牌戏中）不出牌, 不叫牌, 弃权. 6 (esp in conjuring) movement of the hand or of sth held in the hand over or in front of sth （尤指变戏法时）用手或手中 物对某物施遮眼法的动作, 手法: The conjuror made a few passes with his hand over the hat. 魔术 师用手在帽子上方来回移动了几下. 7 (in fencing) thrust or lunge （击剑中的）戳刺, 滑刺, 滑 剑. 8 (idm 习语) bring sth to `pass (fml 文) cause sth to happen 使某事发生. come to `pass (fml 文) actually occur as predicted, planned or hoped for 实现; 发生: Many people would like the electoral system to be reformed but I don't believe this will ever come to pass. 很多人都想要改革选 举制度, 但我认为不可能实现. come to such a `pass/a pretty `pass reach a sad or critical state 处境 不妙; 情况危急: Things have come to a pretty pass when the children have to prepare their own meals. 要孩子自己动手做饭, 事情就一塌糊涂了. make a pass at sb (infml 口) try to attract sb sexually 向某人调情. sell the pass => sell. passbook n. (a) book recording the amounts of money a customer pays into or takes out of an account with a bank or building society 银行存摺; 房屋建筑协会借贷簿. Cf 参看 bank-book (bank3). (b) (in S Africa) official document giving details of one's race, residence and employment, which must be carried at all times by non-Whites （南非的）有色人种身分证明书. pass degree ( in British universities) degree awarded to a student whose work is thought to be acceptable but not of a good enough standard to qualify for honours (honour1 6) （英国大学的）普通 学士学位. passkey n. (a) key to a door or gate given to people who have a right to enter 专用钥匙（给予有权 进入某处者持有）. (b) =master-key (master1). pass law (in S Africa) any of a group of laws restricting the movement of non-Whites and requiring them to carry identification at all times （南非的）有色人种旅行法. password (also watchword) n. secret word or phrase used by sb to indicate to sb else (eg a sentry) that he is a friend rather than an enemy 口令: give the password 答口令. pass / pB:s; ?@ pAs; pAs/ v 1 [I, Tn] move forward or to the other side of (sb/sth) 前行, 穿行, 越 过（某人[某物]）: The street was so crowded that cars were unable to pass. 街道十分拥挤, 汽车无 法通行. * pass a barrier, sentry, checkpoint, etc 通过障碍、哨卡、检查站等 * (fig 比喻) Not a word passed her lips, ie She said nothing. 她一言不发. 2 [I, Tn] leave (sb/sth) on one side or behind as one goes forward; go past (sb/sth) 越过, 经过（某人[某物]）: Turn right after passing the Post Office. 过了邮局向右拐. * She passed me in the street without even saying hello. 她在街上从我身 旁走过, 连招呼都不打. * I pass the church on my way to work. 我上班时经过教堂. * A car passed (ie overtook) me at 90 mph on the motorway. 在高速公路上有一辆汽车以每小时90 英里的速度越 过了我. 3 [Ipr, Ip] go or move in the specified direction 沿某方向行进或移动: The procession passed slowly down the hill. 队伍从山上慢慢向山下移动. * We passed through Oxford on our way to London. 我们在去伦敦的路上经过牛津. * He glanced at her and then passed on, ie continued to walk forward. 他看了她一眼, 然后继续朝前走. 4 [Tn.pr] cause sth to move in the specified direction or to be in a certain position 使某物沿某方向移动; 使某物移至某位置: She passed her hand across her forehead. 她用手抹了一下额头. * pass a thread through the eye of a needle 引线穿 针* pass a rope round a post 把绳子绕在柱子上. 5 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) give sth to sb by handing it to him 将某物递给某人: Pass (me) the salt, please. 请把盐递给我. * They passed the photograph round, ie from one person to the next. 他们传看照片. * Pass me (over) that book. 把书递给我. * She passed the letter to Mary. 她把信转交给玛丽了. 6 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) (in football, hockey, Rugby, etc) kick, hit or throw (the ball) to a player of one's own side （在足球、曲棍球、橄榄球中）将球传、踢、击、掷给己方队员: He passed (the ball) to the winger. 他传给边锋（一个球）. 7 [Ipr] ~ to sb be transferred from one person to another, esp by inheritance 传; （尤指）继承, 遗传: On his death, the title passed to his eldest son. 他死后, 爵位传 给了长子. 8 [Ipr] ~ from sth to/into sth change from one state or condition to another 从一种状况 变成另一种状况: Water passes from a liquid to a solid state when it freezes. 水结冰是由液态变为固 态. * pass from boyhood to manhood （他）从童年长到成年. 9 (a) [I] (of time) go by; be spent （指 时间）消逝, 过去: Six months had passed, and we still had no news of them. 六个月过去了, 我们仍 然没有他们的消息. * The holidays passed far too quickly. 假期过得太快了. (b) [Tn] occupy or spend (time) 消磨, 打发, 度过（时间）: What did she do to pass the time (ie to make the period of boredom less tedious) while she was convalescing? 她在康复期间做些什麽来消磨时间呢? * How did you pass the evening? 你晚上是怎麽过的? 10 [I] come to an end; be over 结束; 完结: They waited for the storm to pass. 他们等待暴风雨过去. * His anger will soon pass. 他生气一会儿就完. 11 (a) [I, Tn] achieve the required standard in (an examination, a test, etc) 考（试）及格; 测验合格: You'll have to work hard if you want to pass (the exam). 要想考（试）及格就得用功. * She hasn't passed her driving test yet. 她驾驶测验没合格. (b) [Tn] examine (sb/sth) and declare to be satisfactory or acceptable 考核（某人[某事物]）后宣布合格或通过: The examiners passed all the candidates, ie decided that their work was of the required standard. 主考人评定全部考生合格. 12 (a) [Tn] approve (a bill, law, proposal, etc) by voting 表决通过（法案、法规、建议等）: Parliament passed the bill. 议会通过了该法案. * The motion was passed by 12 votes to 10. 那动议以12 票对 10 票通过. (b) [I, Tn] (esp of a bill, law, proposal, etc) be approved or accepted by (a parliament, an assembly, etc) （尤指法案、法规、建议等）被（议会、大会等）通过或批准: The bill passed and became law. 该法案已通过成为法规. * This film will never pass the censors, eg because it is too sexually explicit. 这部电影一定不能通过审查这一关（如因色情过于露骨）. 13 [I] be allowed or tolerated 许可; 容忍; 放过: I don't like it, but I'll let it pass, ie will not make objections. 我不喜欢, 但就让它过去吧. * His rudeness passed without comment, ie People ignored it. 他粗鲁无礼而未受 到批评. * Such behaviour may pass in some circles but it will not be tolerated here. 这种行为在某些 圈子里可能行得通, 但在这里是不允许的. 14 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (on sb/sth) pronounce or utter sth (used esp as in the expressions shown) 宣布某事（尤用于以下示例）: pass sentence (on sb found guilty of a crime) （对罪名成立的人）宣判* pass judgement on a matter 宣布对某事的裁决 * pass a remark 作评论. 15 [I, Ipr] ~ (between A and B) happen; be said or done 发生; 说出或做出: after all that has passed between them 尽管他们之间有过这些事. 16 [Tn] go beyond the limits of (sth) (used esp in the expressions shown) 超越、超出（某事物）的限度（尤用于以下示例）: pass belief, ie be unbelievable 难以相信* pass one's comprehension, ie be impossible for one to understand 难 以理解. 17 [I] (in card-games) not play a card or make a bid when it is one's turn （纸牌戏中）不出 牌, 不叫牌, 弃权. 18 [Tn] send (sth) out from the body as or with urine or faeces 排（大小便）; （随大小便）排出: If you're passing blood you ought to see a doctor. 要是便血, 就该找医生看看. 19 (idm 习语) make/pass water => water1. ,pass the `buck (to sb) (infml 口) shift the responsibility or blame for sth to sb else 将某事的责任或过失推委给别人. pass the `hat round (infml 口) collect money, esp for a colleague who is ill or to pay for a celebration 集资, 筹款（尤指为生病的同事或搞 庆祝活动）. pass `muster be accepted as adequate or satisfactory 被认为符合要求; 过得去. pass the time of `day (with sb) greet sb and have a short conversation with him 与某人打招呼和寒暄. ships that pass in the night => ship1. 20 (phr v) pass as sb/sth = pass for sb/sth. pass away ( euph 婉) die 死: His mother passed away last year. 他母亲去年去世了. pass by (sb/sth) go past 走过; 经过: I saw the procession pass by. 我看见队伍走过. * The procession passed right by my front door. 队伍就在我家门前经过. pass sb/sth by (a) occur without affecting sb/sth 对某人 [某事物]无影响或不起作用: The whole business passed him by, ie he was hardly aware that it was happening. 整件事情都已过去了, 他却未曾察觉到. * She feels that life is passing her by, ie that she is not profiting from or enjoying the opportunities and pleasures of life. 她觉得生活与她形同陌 路（未能从生活中得到好处、机会与乐趣）. (b) pay no attention to sb/sth; ignore or avoid sb/sth 不 注意某人[某事物]; 忽视或避免接触某人[某事物]: We cannot pass this matter by without protest. 我们不能对此事听之任之. pass sth down ( esp passive 尤用于被动语态) pass sth from one generation to the next 将某物从 一代传给下一代: knowledge which has been passed down over the centuries 世代相传的知识. pass for sb/sth be accepted as sb/sth 被认为或被当作某人[某事物]: He speaks French well enough to pass for a Frenchman. 他法语流利得使人以为他是法国人. pass in (to sth) be admitted (to a school, college, etc) by passing an examination 考试及格获准（入学等）. pass into sth become a part of sth 成为某事物的一部分: Many foreign words have passed into the English language. 有很多外来语已成为英语的一部分. * Hisdeeds have passed into legend, ie because of their bravery,importance, etc. 他的事迹已成为人间传奇. pass off ( a) (of an event) take place and be completed （指事情）发生并完成: The demonstration passed off without incident. 游行自始至终未发生意外. (b) (of pain, the effects of a drug, etc) come to an end gradually; disappear （指疼痛、药效等）慢慢消失, 消退: The numbness in your foot will soon pass off. 你脚上的麻木感一会儿就会消失. pass sb/sth off as sb/sth represent sb/sth falsely as sb/sth 冒充某人[某物]: She passed him off as (ie pretended that he was) her husband. 她把他假充作 自己的丈夫. * He escaped by passing himself off as a guard. 他冒充警卫逃走了. pass on = pass away. pass on (to sth) move from one activity, stage, etc to another 从一活动、阶段 等进入另一活动、阶段等: Let's pass on to the next item on the agenda. 咱们进行议事日程的下一 个项目吧. pass sth on (to sb) hand or give sth (to sb else), esp after receiving or using it oneself 将某 物传、交、给（某人）（尤指自己收到或用过后）: Pass the book on to me when you've finished with it. 那本书你看完给我. * I passed her message on to his mother. 我把她的口信带给他母亲了. * She caught my cold and passed it on to (ie infected) her husband. 我感冒传染了她, 她又传给她丈夫了. pass out lose consciousness; faint 失去知觉; 昏厥. pass out (of sth) leave (a military college) after completing a course of training 完成（军校）学业: a passing-out ceremony/parade, ie for cadets who have completed their training 军校毕业典礼[阅兵式]. pass sb over not consider sb for promotion (esp when he is or thinks he is eligible) 不考虑提升某人（尤指合格者 或自以为合格者）: He was passed over in favour of a younger man. 没考虑提升他而提升了一个小 伙子. pass over sth ignore or disregard sth; avoid sth 忽略或不理会某事物; 回避某事: They chose to pass over her rude remarks. 他们对她的粗话不予理会. * Sex is a subject he prefers to pass over, eg because it embarrasses him. 关于性这一问题他尽量回避（如因使他尴尬）. pass through go through a town, etc, stopping there for a short time but not staying 经过市镇等（逗留但不长久）: We came to say hello as we were passing through. 我们路经此镇, 顺便来看你. pass through sth experience (a period of time) 经历（一段时间）: She passed through a difficult period after her marriage failed. 她婚姻破裂后一度十分困难. pass sth up ( infml 口) refuse to accept (a chance, opportunity, etc) 放弃, 放过（机会等）: Imagine passing up an offer like that! 真想不到竟放弃这样好的条件! passer-by / 9pB:sE 5baI; ?@ 9pAsEr; `pAsL`baI/ n (pl passers-by / 9pB:sEz 5baI; `pAsLz`baI/) person who is going past sb/sth, esp by chance 过路人; （尤指）偶然路过的人: Police asked passers-by if they had seen the accident happen. 警察询问过路的人是否见到事故发生的经过. passable / 5pB:sEbl; ?@ 5pAs-; `pAsEbl/ adj 1 [usu pred 通常作表语] (a) (of roads) clear of obstructions (esp snow) and therefore able to be driven on （指道路）可通行（尤指清除积雪后）: The mountain roads are not passable until late spring. 山路要到春季末期才能通行. (b) (of a river) that can be crossed （指河流）可以横渡. 2 fairly good but not excellent; adequate 还好的; 尚可的; 过 得去的: a passable knowledge of German 粗通德语. passably / -EblI; -EblI/ adv adequately or acceptably 还好; 尚可; 过得去. passage / 5pAsIdV; `pAsIdV/ n 1 [U] (a) process of passing 过; 经过: the passage of time 时间的 推移. (b) action of going past, through or across sth 通过; 穿过; 横过: The passage of motor vehicles is forbidden. 机动车禁止通行. (c) freedom or right to go through or across sth 通行权; 通 行自由: They were denied passage through the occupied territory. 他们被禁止穿越占领区. 2 [C usu sing 通常作单数] way through sth 通路; 通道: force a passage through the crowd 在人群中挤 出一条通路. 3[C] (cost of a ticket for a) journey from one place to another by ship or plane; voyage （乘船或飞机的）航程, 旅行, 旅费: book one's passage to New York 订购去纽约的票 * He worked his passage to Australia, eg paid for the journey by doing jobs on the ship he was travelling on. 他在去澳大利亚旅行的船上做工偿付船费. 4 (also `passageway) [C] narrow way through sth, esp with walls on both sides; corridor 通道; （尤指）走廊. 5 [C] tube-like structure in the human body, through which air, secretions, etc pass （人体内的）管道（如气管、分泌管道等）: the nasal passages 鼻腔通道 * (infml 口) the back passage, ie the anus 肛门. 6 [C] short section from a book, speech, piece of music, etc quoted or considered on its own （书、讲话、音乐等的）一段, 一节: a passage from the Bible 《圣经》的一段经文. 7 [U] passing of a bill1(4) by a parliament so that it becomes law （法案的）通过. en passant / 9Cn 5pAsCn; 9BnpB`sBn/ (French 法) in passing; by the way 顺便: He mentioned en passant that he was going away. 他顺便提到他要离开的事. passe / 5pAseI; ?@ pA5seI; pA`se/ adj [usu pred 通常作表语] (French 法) (a) out of date; old-fashioned 过时; 陈旧; 旧式: I'm beginning to find her novels rather passe. 我逐渐觉得她的小 说格调陈旧. (b) past his/her/its best 全盛期已过: He was a fine actor but he's a bit passe now. 他曾 是优秀演员, 但现在最红时期已过. passenger / 5pAsIndVE(r); `pAsndVL/ n 1 person travelling in a car, bus, train, plane, ship, etc, other than the driver, the pilot or a member of the crew 乘客: The driver of the car was killed in the crash but both passengers escaped unhurt. 事故中汽车司机丧生, 但两名乘客幸未受伤. * [attrib 作 定语] the passenger seat, ie the seat next to the driver's seat in a motor vehicle （司机座旁的）客座 * a passenger train, ie one carrying passengers rather than goods 铁路的客车. 2 (infml 口 esp Brit) member of a team, crew, etc who does not do as much work as the others （团体中的）闲散人员: This firm can't afford (to carry) passengers. 这家商行养不起闲散人员. passim / 5pAsIm; `pAsIm/ adv (Latin 拉) (of phrases, etc) occurring throughout or at several points in a book, an article, etc （指词语等）（在某书、某文章等中出现于）各处, 到处, 多处. passing / 5pB:sIN; ?@ 5pAs-; `pAsIN/ adj 1 lasting for a short time; brief; fleeting 短暂的; 短促的; 飞逝的: a passing thought, fancy 闪现的念头、幻想. 2 casual; cursory 随便的; 不经意的; 粗略 的: a passing glance, reference, remark 顺便的看一眼、一提、一说. passing n. [U] 1 process of going by 经过: the passing of time, the years 时间、年月的流逝. 2 (fml 文) (a) end 末尾; 尽头: the passing of the old year, ie on New Year's Eve 除夕. (b) (euph 婉) death 去世: They all mourned his passing. 大家都对他的逝世表示悲痛. 3 (idm 习语) in passing casually; incidentally 随便地; 碰巧地; 顺便地: mention sth in passing 顺便提某事. passion / 5pAFn; `pAFEn/ n 1 (a) [U, C] strong feeling, eg of hate, love or anger 强烈的情感（如 恨、爱、怒）: She argued with great passion. 她争论时情绪很激动. * Passions were running high at the meeting, ie people were in an angry or emotional state. 会上群情鼎沸. (b) [sing] angry state; rage (used esp in the expressions shown) 愤怒, 盛怒（尤用于以下示例）: be in a passion 在盛怒中 * get/fly into a passion, ie become very angry 勃然大怒. 2 [U] ~ (for sb) intense, esp sexual, love 强烈的爱（尤指性爱）: His passion for her made him blind to everything else. 他强烈地爱著她, 对 其他一切都已熟视无睹. 3 [sing] (a) ~ for sth strong liking or enthusiasm for sth 酷爱; 热爱: a passion for chocolate, detective stories, tennis 很喜欢巧克力、侦探小说、网球. (b) thing for which sb has a strong liking or enthusiasm 酷爱或热中的事物: Horse-racing is her passion. 赛马是她最喜 爱的运动. * Music is a passion with him. 他酷爱音乐. 4 the Passion [sing] (religion 宗) the suffering and death of Christ 耶稣的受难. passion-flower n. any of several types of climbing plant with brightly-coloured flowers 西番莲. passion-fruit n. [C, U] edible fruit of certain types of passion-flower 西番莲果实: [attrib 作定语] passion-fruit ice-cream 西番莲果冰激凌. passion-play n. play in which the Passion of Christ is re-enacted 耶稣受难复活剧. Passion Sunday ( in the Christian Church) the fifth Sunday in Lent （基督教的）受难主日（大斋 期中的第五个星期日）. Passion Week ( in the Christian Church) the week between Passion Sunday and Palm Sunday （基督 教的）受难周（从受难主日到棕枝主日的一周）. passionate / 5pAFEnEt; `pAFEnIt/ adj 1 (a) caused by or showing intense sexual love 出于或表现 强烈性爱的: a passionate kiss, lover, relationship 热恋的吻、情人、关系. (b) caused by or showing strong feelings 出于或表现强烈感情的: a passionate plea for mercy 恳切的求情* her passionate support for our cause 她对我们事业的热情支持* a passionate defender of civil liberties 公民自由 权利的积极捍卫者. 2 dominated or easily affected by strong feelings 受强烈感情支配的; 易受强 烈感情影响的: a passionate nature, temperament, woman 易动感情的天性、脾气、女子. passionately adv (a) in a passionate(1a) way （指性爱）强烈地: He loved her passionately. 他热烈地爱著她. (b) (used before adjs 用于形容词之前) intensely; very 非常; 极度地: She is passionately fond of tennis. 她热爱网球. * He is passionately opposed to racial discrimination. 他极端反对种族歧视. passive / 5pAsIv; `pAsIv/ adj 1 not active; submissive 被动的; 消极的: play a passive role in a marriage 在婚姻中扮演被动的角色* passive obedience, acceptance 消极的服从、接受 * passive smoking, ie breathing in fumes from tobacco being smoked by others 被动吸烟（吸进他人喷出的 烟）. 2 showing no interest, initiative or forceful qualities 冷淡的; 不主动的: a passive audience 无精打采的听众* He had a passive expression on his face. 他脸上有一种漠然的表情. 3 of the form of a verb used when the grammatical subject is affected by the action of the verb, as in Her leg was broken and He was bitten by a dog 被动的, 被动语态的（如Her leg was broken 和He was bitten by a dog 两句中的动词形式）: a passive sentence 被动句. Cf 参看 active. passive n. [sing] (also ,passive `voice) (grammar) passive(3) form of a verb (phrase) or sentence 动 词被动形式; 被动句; 被动语态: In the sentence `He was seen there', `was seen' is in the passive. 在 He was seen there 句中的 was seen 是被动形式. Cf 参看active voice (active). passively adv. passiveness (also passivity / pA5sIvEtI; pA`sIvEtI/) n. [U] state or quality of being passive(1,2) 消 极; 被动; 无兴趣; 冷淡. passive resistance resistance to an enemy who has occupied one's country, or to a government, by refusing to co-operate or obey orders 消极抵抗. Passover / 5pB:sEUvE(r); ?@ 5pAs-; `pAs9ovL/ n Jewish religious festival commemorating the freeing of the Jews from their slavery in Egypt 逾越节（犹太教节日）. passport / 5pB:spR:t; ?@ 5pAs-; `pAs9pRrt/ n 1 official document issued by the government of a particular country, identifying the holder as a citizen of that country and entitling him to travel abroad under its protection 护照: a British passport 英国护照. 2 ~ to sth thing that enables one to achieve sth （获得某事物的）手段, 保障: The only passport to success is hard work. 通往成功的唯一途径 是努力奋斗. past / pB:st; ?@ pAst; pAst/ adj 1 gone by in time 过去的; 以前的: in past years, centuries, ages 在过去的年月、世纪、年代里* The time for discussion is past. 讨论的时间已经过去. * in times past 在过去. 2 gone by recently; just finished or ended 刚过去的; 刚完成的; 刚结束的: The past month has been a difficult one for him. 上个月他很困难. * I've seen little of her in the past few weeks. 近几周我很少见到她. 3 belonging to an earlier time 先前的; 前期的; 以往的: past happiness 昔日的快乐* past and present students of the college 该学院的校友和在校学生 * past achievements, failures, generations, presidents 以前的成就、失败、世代、总统. 4 (grammar) (of a verb form) indicating a state or an action in the past （指动词形式）过去式的: The past tense of `take' is `took'. take 的过去式是took. * a past participle, eg passed, taken, gone 过去分词（如 passed, taken, gone）. past n. 1 the past (a) [sing] time that has gone by 往时; 昔时; 过去: I've been there many times in the past. 我从前去过那儿很多次. (b) [sing] things that happenedin an earlier time; past events 往 事: memories of the past 对往事的记忆* look back on, remember, regret the past 回顾、缅怀、追 悔往事* We cannot change the past. 往事无可改变. 2 [C] person's past life or career, esp one that is discreditable 过去的生活或职业经历（尤指不名誉的）: We know nothing of his past. 我们对他 的经历一无所知. * She's a woman with a `past'. 她早年生活放荡. 3 [sing] (also past tense) (form of a verb) used to describe actions in the past 过去式的（动词形式）: The past of the verb `take' is `took'. take 的过去式是took. 4 (idm 习语) a thing of the past => thing. live in the past => live2. past master ~ (in/of sth); ~ (at sth/doing sth) person who is very skilled or experienced in a particular activity; expert 能手; 老手; 专家: She's a past master at the art of getting what she wants. 她想要什麽就能得到什麽, 堪称一绝. past / pB:st; ?@ pAst; pAst/ prep 1 (a) (of time) later than (sth); after （指时间）晚于, 迟于, 在... 之后: half past two 两点半* ten (minutes) past six 六点十分* There's a bus at twenty minutes past the hour, ie at 1.20,2.20, 3.20, etc. 每小时的第二十分钟有一班公共汽车. * It was past midnight when we got home. 我们到家时已过半夜. (b) older than (the specified age) 超过（某年龄）: an old man past seventy 七十多岁的老人* She's past her thirties, ie at least 40. 她至少四十岁了. 2 on the far side of (sth); from one side to the other of (sth/sb) 在（某物）的远端, 另一边; 经过（某处[某 人]）: You can see the house past the church. 你可以看到教堂那边的那所房子. * She walked past the shop. 她走过那家商店. * He hurried past me without stopping. 他匆忙从我身边走过, 连停都 没停. 3 (a) beyond the limits of (sth/doing sth) 超过（某事物[做某事物]）的限度: The man is past working, ie too old, weak, etc to work. 那男子已不能工作了（因年老、体弱等）. * I'm past caring (ie I no longer care) what he does. 他做什麽我再也不管了. * It's quite past my comprehension, ie I can't understand it. 这件事已远超出我的理解力了. (b) beyond the age of (sth/doing sth) 超过（某事 物[做某事物]）的年纪: She's past playing with dolls. 她已不是玩玩偶的年纪了. * She's long past retirement age. 她早已过了退休的年龄. 4 (idm 习语) `past it (infml 口) too old to do what one was once capable of; too old to be used for its normal function 年龄过大而不能再做以前做的事; 过旧而不适用: At 93 he's finally realized he's getting past it. 他到了93 岁终于意识到自己已不中用. * That overcoat is looking decidedly past it. 那件大衣看来是绝对旧得穿不出去了. past adv part from one side to the other of sth 经过: walk, march, go, rush, etc past 步行、行军、行走、 奔跑等经过. pasta / 5pAstE; ?@ 5pB:stE; `pBstE/ n [U] dried paste made from flour, eggs and water and cut into various shapes, eg macaroni, spaghetti, ravioli 意大利面食（如通心粉、细面条、方形饺）: [attrib 作定语] a pasta dish, eg lasagne 一盘面食（如宽面）. Cf 参看 noodle. paste / peIst; pest/ n 1 [sing] moist soft mixture, esp of a powdery substance and a liquid 面团: a smooth, thin, thick, etc paste 一块光滑的、薄的、厚的...面团* She mixed the flour and water to a paste. 她用水和面做成面团. 2 [U] mixture of flour and water used to stick things together, esp to stick paper to a wall 强糊. 3 [U] (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) mixture of ground meat or fish for spreading on bread 肉酱; 鱼酱: anchovy paste 鱼酱* liver paste 肝酱. 4 [U] hard glass-like substance used to make artificial gems （制人造宝石的）铅玻璃: [attrib 作定语] paste jewellery 人造宝石. paste / peIst; pest/ v 1 [I, Tn] put paste1(2) on (sth) 在（某物）上涂强糊. 2 [Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (on) to sth; ~ sth on (sth); ~ A and B together stick sth to sth else with paste1(2) 用强糊将某物粘 贴于某处: She pasted posters onto the wall. 她把海报贴在墙上了. * paste pieces of paper together 把纸粘在一起. 3 [Tn] (dated infml 旧, 口) hit or beat (sb) 打, 揍（某人）. 4 (phr v) paste sth down fasten the cover or flap of sth with paste1(2) 用强糊粘住某物的盖. paste sth in; paste sth into sth stick (a photo, label, etc) onto a page of a book with paste1(2) 用强糊将（照片、标签等） 贴在本子上: She pasted the pictures into a scrapbook. 她把图片贴在剪贴簿上. paste sth up (a) stick sth to an upright surface with paste1(2) 用强糊张贴某物: paste up an advertisement, a notice, a poster, etc 张贴广告、告示、海报等. (b) fasten (sheets or strips of paper with text and illustrations) onto a larger sheet of paper or board, in order to design a page for a book, magazine, etc 将（文字或图 画等纸块）贴在大张纸或板上（以设计版面）. pasting n. (infml 口) severe beating; defeat 狠揍; 打败: give sb a pasting 把某人狠揍一顿 * Our team got/took a real pasting on Saturday. 我们队星期六一败涂地. paste-up n. sheet of paper or board to which the text and illustrations for a page of a book, magazine, etc have been fastened 粘贴文字、图画等的纸或板. pasteboard / 5peIstbR:d; `pest9bRrd/ n [U] type of thin board made by pasting thin sheets of paper together （用多层纸粘合的）纸板. pastel / 5pAstl; ?@ pA5stel; pAs`tZl/ n 1 type of crayon made from coloured chalk 彩色粉笔; 蜡 笔: She works in (ie uses) pastels. 她用彩色粉笔作画. 2 picture drawn with this 彩色粉笔画; 蜡 笔画. 3 pale delicate colour 清淡柔和的颜色: [attrib 作定语] pastel shades/colours 清淡柔和的 色彩. pastern / 5pAstEn; `pAstLn/ n part of a horse's foot between the fetlock and the hoof （马的）系部. =>illus at horse 见 horse 插图. pasteurize, pasteurise / 5pB:stFEraIz; ?@ 5pAs-; `pAstE9raIz/ v [Tn] heat (a liquid, esp milk) to a certain temperature and then chill it, in order to kill harmful bacteria 用巴氏杀菌法将（液体, 尤指 乳）消毒. pasteurization, pasteurisation / 9pB:stFEraI5zeIFn; ?@9pAstFErI5zeIFn; 9pAstErE`zeFEn/ n [U] process of pasteurizing sth 巴氏杀菌（法）. pastiche / pA5sti:F; pAs`tiF/ n 1 [C] literary, musical or artistic work in the style of another author, composer, etc （文学、音乐或艺术的）风格模仿作品. 2 [C] musical, literary or artistic work consisting of elements from various sources （音乐、文学或艺术的）拼凑品, 混成物, 集锦. 3 [U] art of composing pastiches 模仿艺术: He has a gift for pastiche. 他有模仿他人作品的天赋. pastille / 5pAstEl; ?@ pA5sti:l; pAs`til/ n small flavoured sweet for sucking, esp one containing medicine for a sore throat; lozenge （药的）锭剂, 糖锭: throat pastilles 喉片. pastime / 5pB:staIm; ?@ 5pAs-; `pAs9taIm/ n thing done to pass the time pleasantly 消遣; 娱乐: Photography is her favourite pastime. 摄影是她喜爱的消遣. pastor / 5pB:stE(r); ?@ 5pAs-; `pAstL/ n minister, esp of a Nonconformist church 牧师（尤指不从国 教者）. pastoral / 5pB:stErEl; ?@ 5pAs-; `pAstErEl/ adj 1 relatingto or portraying country life, the countryside or shepherds, esp in an idealized way 乡村生活的, 田园风光的, 牧人的, 田园式的（尤 指理想化描述的）: a pastoral scene, poem, painting 田园风光、诗、画* pastoral poetry/verse 田 园诗* Beethoven's `Pastoral' Symphony 贝多芬的《田园交响曲》. 2 (of land) used for pasture; grassy （指土地）供放牧的, 长满草的. 3 of or relating to a clergyman or his work (esp the spiritual guidance he gives to his congregation) 牧师的, 牧师工作的（尤指对会众心灵上的指引）: pastoral care, duties, responsibilities, etc 牧师对会众的关顾、职责、责任等. pastoral n. 1 pastoral(1) poem, picture, etc 田园诗、画等. 2 (also pastoral `letter) letter from a clergyman to his congregation, esp one from a bishop to the members of his diocese 教牧书信, （尤 指）主教教书（牧师或主教给会众或神职人员的公开信）; 牧函. pastrami / pA5strB:mI; pE`strBmI/ n [U] highly seasoned smoked beef 五香熏牛肉. pastry / 5peIstrI; `pestrI/ n 1 [U] mixture of flour, fat and water baked in an oven and used as a base or covering for tarts, pies, etc 酥皮糕点; 油酥面团: You eat too much pastry, ie food made with pastry. 你吃油酥点心吃得太多了. 2 [C] item of food in which pastry is used, eg a pie or tart 酥皮 糕点: Danish pastries 丹麦点心. pastry-cook n. person who makes pastry 制作酥皮糕点的人. 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