TransGood-Translation memory software Trados, SDL, ForeignDesk, Wordfast, WordFisher, Déjà Vu (DVX), 译佳计算机辅助翻译软件, 雅信CAT TransGood, TransMemory, Translation Software Tools, Computer-assisted translation, computer-aided translation, CAT, machine-aided translation, Translation memory software, Terminology management software, Alignment software, Software localization tools, ?bersetzung Software, Logiciels de traduction, Software di traduzione, Traducción de Software, Mémoire de traduction, Tradu??o memória, Memoria de traducción, Memoria di traduzione, Перевод Software, ForeignDesk, Okapi Framework, OmegaT, Transolution, AidTransStudio, Cafetran, Déjà Vu (DVX), Heartsome Translation Suite, MemoQ, MetaTexis, Rainbow, SDLX, SDL, STAR Transit, Trados, SDL Trados, Wordfast, WordFisher, Similis, Open Language Tools, 翻訳ソフトウェア, 翻訳メモリ, 翻译软件 辅助翻译软件 计算机辅助翻译软件 人工智能翻译 翻译工具 专业翻译软件 翻译记忆软件 塔多思 Trados SDL WordFast 雅信CAT 翻译公司 牛津词典 Oxford Dictionary pasture / 5pB:stFE(r); ?@ 5pAs-; `pAstFL/ n 1 [C, U] (piece of) land covered with grass and similar plants, suitable for grazing animals 牧场; 牧地; 草原: acres of rich pasture 广阔富饶的牧场. 2 [U] grass, etc growing on this land 牧草. pasture v. 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] put (animals) to graze in a pasture 放, 牧（牛、羊等）: pasture one's sheep on the village common 在村庄的公地上放羊. 2 [I, Ipr] (of animals) graze （指牛、羊等）（在草 地上）吃草. pasturage / 5pB:stFErIdV; ?@ 5pAs-; `pAstFErIdV/ n [U] 1 land where animals can graze 牧场. 2 right to graze animals on this land 放牧权. pasty / 5peIstI; `pestI/ adj (-ier, -iest) 1 of or like paste 强糊的; 糊状的: a pasty substance 糊状 物质* mix to a pasty consistency 混合至糊状的浓度. 2 pale and unhealthy-looking 苍白的; 不 健康的: a pasty face, complexion 苍白的面孔、脸色. pasty-faced adj. having a pasty complexion 脸色苍白的: a ,pasty-faced `youth 脸色苍白的青年. pasty / 5pAstI; `pAstI/ n (Brit) piece of pastry folded round a filling of meat, fruit, jam, etc （肉、水 果、果酱等的）馅饼: a Cornish pasty, ie one with a filling of meat and potatoes 康沃尔馅饼（用肉 和土豆做馅的）. pat / pAt; pAt/ adv 1 at once and without hesitation 立刻而不犹豫地: Her answer came pat. 她回 答得很乾脆. 2 (idm 习语) have/know sth off `pat have memorized or know sth perfectly 对某事物 记得或了解得很清楚: He had all the answers off pat. 他把所有答案都记得很清楚. * She knows the rules off pat. 她对规则了如指掌. stand pat (esp US) refuse to change a decision one has made, an opinion one holds, etc 坚持自己的决定、意见等. pat adj. 1 exactly right; appropriate 恰好的; 适当的; 适时的. 2 (derog 贬) too quick; glib 过 于快的; 伶牙俐齿的; 油嘴滑舌的: It's a complex question and her answer was too pat. 那问题很复 杂, 但她的回答简直是脱口而出. pat / pAt; pAt/ v (-tt-) 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] tap (sb/sth) gently with the open hand or with a flat object （用 掌或扁平之物）轻拍（某人[某物]）: pat a dog 轻轻拍狗* pat sb's hand 轻拍某人的手* pat a child on the head, ie as a sign of affection 拍拍孩子的头（表示疼爱）* pat a ball, ie so that it bounces up and down 拍球. 2 [Tn.pr, Tn.p, Cn.a] put (sth) in the specified state or position by patting 将（某 物）拍成某状态或拍至某处: She patted her hair into place/shape. 她把头发拍整齐了. * She patted down a few wisps of hair. 她拍落几绺头发. * He patted his face dry (with a towel). 他（用手巾）轻 轻把脸拍乾. 3 (idm 习语) pat sb/oneself on the `back congratulate sb/oneself 对某人[自己]表示 庆贺、鼓励或赞扬. pat n. 1 gentle tap with the open hand or with a flat object 轻拍: She gave the child a pat on the head. 她轻轻拍了一下那孩子的头. * He gave her knee an affectionate pat/He gave her an affectionate pat on the knee. 他深情地拍了一下她的膝盖. 2 slight sound made by tapping sth gently 轻拍某物发出的声音. 3 ~ (of sth) small mass of sth (esp butter) that has been shaped by patting （拍成的）小团, 小块（尤指黄油）: a pat of butter 一小块黄油. 4 (idm 习语) a ,pat on the `back (for sth/doing sth) 鼓励; 赞扬: give sb/get a pat on the back 给某人[得到]鼓励 * She deserves a pat on the back for all the hard work she's done. 她辛勤努力值得赞扬. Pat abbr. 缩写= patent (number) 专利（号）: Pat 1 230 884 专利1 230 884 号. patch / pAtF; pAtF/ n 1 piece of material placed over a hole or a damaged or worn place to cover or strengthen it 补丁; 补片; 补块: a jacket with leather patches on the elbows 肘部有皮补丁的外套 * She sewed a patch onto the knee of the trousers. 她在裤子的膝部打了个补丁. * a patch on the inner tube of a tyre 车轮内胎上的补丁. 2 pad worn over an injured eye to protect it （保护受伤的眼睛 的）眼罩: He wears a black patch over his right eye. 他右眼上戴著黑色的眼罩. 3 part of a surface that is different in colour, texture, etc from the surrounding area （与周围颜色、材料等不同的）斑, 块: a black dog with a white patch on its neck 脖子上有块白斑的黑狗* a worn patch on the elbow of a sweater 毛衣肘部的磨损处* damp patches on a wall 墙上一块块的潮斑. 4 ~ (of sth) small area of sth 小块; 小片: patches of fog, ice, sunlight 片片的雾、块块的冰、斑斑的阳光 * patches of blue in a cloudy sky 云海中露出的几块蓝天* The ground is wet in patches. 地上湿处片片. 5 small piece of land, esp one used for growing vegetables 小块土地（尤指种菜用的）: a `cabbage, an `onion, a po`tato, etc patch 洋白菜、洋葱、马铃薯等菜地. 6 (Brit infml 口) area in which sb (esp a policeman) works or which he knows well 地区, 地段（尤指警察巡视的）: He knows every house in his patch. 他熟悉自己管辖区中每所房子. 7 (idm 习语) (go through, hit, strike, etc) a bad `patch (be in, reach, etc) a particularly difficult or unhappy period of time （处于、遭遇等）困难、 不幸或倒霉的时期: Their marriage has been going through a bad patch. 他们的婚姻正处在困难时 期. * Our firm has just struck a bad patch. 我公司刚遭厄运. not be a patch on sb/sth (infml 口) not be nearly as good as sb/sth 远不如某人[某事物]: Her latest novel isn't a patch on her others. 她这部 新小说比以前所写的差得远. patch-pocket n. pocket made by sewing a piece of material onto the outside of a garment （衣服上 的）贴口袋, 贴兜. patch / pAtF; pAtF/ v 1 (a) [Tn] cover (a hole or a worn place) with a patch 在（有洞或磨损处）打 补丁: patch a hole in a pair of trousers 在裤子上的洞上打补丁. (b) [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) mend (a garment) by covering a hole or worn place with a patch 补（衣服）: patch up an old pair of jeans 补 一条旧牛仔裤* The elbows of your jersey are worn I'll need to patch them. 你的套头毛衣的肘部 磨坏了--我得给补一补. 2 [Tn] (of material) be used as a patch for (sth) （指材料）被用作（某物） 的补丁、补片. 3 (phr v) patch sth up (a) repair sth, esp quickly or temporarily 修理某物; （尤指） 迅速或临时修补: The wrecked car was patched up and resold. 撞坏的汽车草草修理一下就卖掉了. (b) settle or resolve (a quarrel, dispute, etc) 调停, 解决（纷争、争执等）: They patched up their differences. 他们解决了彼此间的分歧. patchouli / 5pAtFUlI, pE5tFu:lI; `pAtFJlI, pE`tFulI/ n 1 [C] fragrant plant grown in the Far East 广 藿香（产自远东）. 2 [U] perfume made from this plant 广藿香水. patchwork / 5pAtFw\:k; `pAtF9w[k/ n 1 [U] type of needlework in which small pieces of cloth with different designs are sewn together 花布拼缝物: [attrib 作定语] a patchwork bedcover, cushion, quilt, etc 杂拼花布床罩、垫子、棉被等. 2 [sing] thing made of various small pieces or parts 拼 凑的东西: a patchwork of fields seen from an aeroplane 从飞机上俯瞰的块块田地. patchy / 5pAtFI; `pAtFI/ adj (-ier, -iest) 1 existing in or having patches 有补丁的; 有斑或块的: patchy fog, mist, cloud, etc 团团的雾、霭、云等. 2 (fig 比喻) not of the same quality throughout; uneven 东拼西凑的; 质量不一致的; 不均匀的: a patchy essay, novel, performance 拼凑的文章、 小说、演出* His work is rather patchy. 他的作品瑕瑜互见. * My knowledge of German is patchy, ie not complete. 我对德语一知半解. patchily adv. patchiness n. [U]. pate / peIt; pet/ n (arch or joc infml 古或谑, 口) head or skull 头; 脑袋: a shiny bald pate 亮光光的 秃顶. pate / 5pAteI; ?@ pB:5teI; pB`te/ n [U] rich paste made of finely minced meat or fish 肉酱; 鱼酱: liver, duck, mackerel pate 肝、鸭、鲭鱼酱. pate de foie gras / 9pAteI dE fwB: 5grB:; pB`tedEfwB`-rB/ pate made from the liver of a fattened goose 鹅肝酱. patella / pE5telE; pE`tZlE/ n (pl -lae / -li:; -li/) (anatomy 解) kneecap 髌骨; 膝盖骨. =>illus at skeleton 见 skeleton 插图. patent / 5peItnt, also 5pAtnt; ?@ 5pAtnt; `pAtnt/ adj ~ (to sb) obvious; clear; evident 显著的; 清楚 的; 明显的: a patent lie 明显的谎言* his patent dislike of the plan 他对该计画明显的不喜欢 * a patent disregard for the truth 公然无视事实* It was patent to anyone that she disliked the idea. 谁 都知道她不喜欢那个主意. patently adv unmistakably; obviously 明白无误地; 明显地: It was patently obvious that he was lying. 显然 他在撒谎. patent / 5pAtnt, also 5peItnt; ?@ 5pAtnt; `pAtnt/ n 1 (a) official document giving the holder the sole right to make, use or sell an invention and preventing others from imitating it 许可证; 特许状; 专利 证书: take out (ie obtain) a patent to protect an invention 取得专利证书以保护一项发明 * patent applied for, eg marked on goods not yet protected by patent 已申请专利（如标在尚未获专利保护产 品上的字样）. (b) right granted by this 专利权. 2 invention or process that is protected by a patent 专利发明; 专利方法: It's my patent. 那是我的专利发明. patent adj. 1 [attrib 作定语] (of an invention, a product, etc) protected by or having a patent （指 发明、产品等）有专利的, 受专利权保护的. 2 [attrib 作定语] made and sold by a particular firm 专利生产的; 专利经销的: patent drugs, medicines, etc 专利药物等 * (joc 谑) his patent (ie personal) remedy for hangovers 他私有的治宿醉偏方. patent v. [Tn] obtain a patent for (an invention or process) 取得（某项发明或方法的）专利权. patentee / 9peItn5ti:; ?@ 9pAtn-; 9pAtn`ti/ n person who obtains or holds a patent 专利权人. patent leather leather with a hard shiny surface, used for shoes and handbags 漆皮. patent office government department that issues patents 专利局. paterfamilias / 9peItEfE5mIlIAs; `petLfE`mIlI9As/ n (pl patresfamilias / 9pB:treIzfE5mIlIAs; 9pBtrezfE`mIlIAs/) (fml or joc 文或谑) head of a family; father 家长; 户主; 父亲. paternal / pE5t\:nl; pE`t[nl;/ adj 1 of a father; fatherly 父亲的; 父亲般的: paternal affection, authority 父爱、父亲的威信* He has a paternal concern for your welfare, ie like that of a father for his child. 他像慈父般关怀你. 2 related through one's father 父系的: her paternal grandmother, ie her father's mother 她的祖母. Cf 参看 maternal. paternally / -nElI; -nlI/ adv. paternalism / pE5t\:nElIzEm; pE`t[nl9IzEm/ n [U] policy (of governments or employers) of controlling people in a paternal way by providing them with what they need but giving them no responsibility or freedom of choice 家长式的统治、管理或作风; 家长主义. paternalistic / pE9t\:nE5lIstIk; pE9t[nl`IstIk/ adj. paternalistically / -klI; -klI/ adv. paternity / pE5t\:nEtI; pE`t[nEtI/ n [U] 1 state of beinga father; fatherhood 父亲的身分; 父亲的地 位: He deniedpaternity of the child, ie denied that he was its father. 他不承认是那孩子的父亲. 2 descent from a father 父系: a child of unknown paternity 生父不明的孩子. paternoster / 9pAtE5nCstE(r); `pAtL`nBstL/ n the Lord's Prayer, esp when said in Latin 主祷文（尤指 用拉丁文的）. path / pB:W; ?@ pAW; pAW/ n (pl ~s / pB:Tz; ?@ pATz; pATz/) 1 (also `pathway, `footpath) way or track made for or by people walking 小路; 小径: Keep to the path or you'll lose your way. 沿著这 条小道走, 否则就要迷路. * The path follows the river and then goes through the woods. 这条小径 与河并排, 而后穿过林子. * We took the path across the fields. 我们顺著横越田地的小路走. =>illus at App 1 见附录1 插图, page vi. 2 line along which sb/sth moves （人或事物移动的）路 线, 轨道: the moon's path round the earth 月亮绕地球的轨道* the path of a tornado 龙卷风经过 的路线*She threw herself in the path of (ie in front of) an oncoming vehicle. 她一下子朝对面来车 扑去. * (fig 比喻) She has had a difficult path through life. 她生活中有过一段困难的历程. 3 course of action 行动步骤; 办事程序; 做法: I strongly advised him not to take that path. 我极力劝 他不要采取那种做法. 4 (usu sing 通常作单数) ~ to sth way to reach or achieve sth （达到或成就 某事的）途径, 方式: the path to success, victory, riches, power, ruin 通往成功、胜利、富裕、权 力、毁灭的道路. 5 (idm 习语) cross sb's path => cross2. lead sb up the garden path => lead3. the primrose path => primrose. smooth sb's path => smooth2. pathfinder / 5pB:WfaIndE(r); ?@ 5pW-; `pAW9faIndL/ n 1 person who discovers new places or new ways of doing things 探险者; 开路人; 探索者; 开拓者. 2 pilot of an aircraft guiding other aircraft to a target which they are going to bomb 导航飞机驾驶员. path NOTE ON USAGE 用法: A lane is a narrow country road. *lane 是乡间小径. A path or footpath is a way marked out for people to walk along, between houses in a town or across fields, beside rivers, etc in the country. *path 或footpath 是市镇中住宅之间或郊野中穿越田地、沿河等 有标志的人行道　?w. A track is a rough path in the country, often not officially marked, but made by the constant passing of people, animals or vehicles. *track 指郊野土路, 常无正式标志, 仅为人、动 物或车辆走得多而形成者. Lane and track can also refer to the separate parts of a road (lane) or railway (track) separating cars or trains passing in opposite directions or overtaking *lane 和track 还可 指分开来自对面车辆或供超车用的部分路面, 公路用lane, 铁路用track: a six-lane motorway 有 六条行车线的高速公路 * a double-track railway line 双轨铁路线. Runners in an athletics stadium run in individual lanes. 在田径运动场上赛跑的人有各自的lane. *The whole area they run on is called the track. 进行赛跑的整个地段称为track. -path => -pathy. path(o)- : comb form 构词成分 disease 疾病: pathology. pathetic / pE5WetIk; pE`WZtIk/ adj 1 causing one to feel pity or sadness 招人怜悯的; 可悲的: pathetic cries for help 求助的哀怜呼号* the pathetic sight of starving children 饥童悲惨可悯的样 子 * His tears were pathetic to witness. 他的眼泪引起在场人的怜悯. 2 (infml 口) extremely inadequate; contemptible 极不足的; 可鄙的: a pathetic attempt, performance, excuse 极不充分的 尝试、表现、藉口* You're pathetic! Can't you even boil an egg? 你可真没用! 连鸡蛋都不会煮 吗? > pathetically / -klI; -klI/ adv: pathetically thin 瘦得怪可怜的* His answers were pathetically inadequate. 他的回答太不充分. pathetic fallacy ( in literature) describing inanimate objects as if they are living things with feelings （文学中）拟人谬想（将无生命物体作拟人化处理）. pathological / 9pAWE5lCdVIkl; 9pAWE`lBdVIkl/ adj 1 of or relating to pathology 病理学的; 与 病理学有关的. 2 of or caused by a physical or mental illness 疾病的; 由疾病引起的. 3 (infml 口) unreasonable; irrational 无道理的; 非理智的; 病态的: a pathological fear of spiders, obsession with death, hatred of sb 对蜘蛛无端的恐惧、受死亡强迫观念的困扰、对某人病态的憎恨 * a pathological (ie compulsive) liar 病态说谎者. pathologically / -klI; -klI/ adv: pathologically jealous, mean, etc 忌妒狂的、吝啬狂的. pathology / pE5WClEdVI; pE`WBlEdVI/ n [U] scientific study of diseases of the body 病理学. pathologist / pE5WClEdVIst; pE`WBlEdVIst/ n expert in pathology 病理学家. pathos / 5peIWCs; `peWBs/ n [U] quality, esp in speech, writing, acting, etc that causes a feeling of pity or sadness 激起怜悯、悲伤的性质（尤指演讲、写作、表演等中的）: the pathos of Hamlet's death 哈姆雷特之死使人产生的哀怜. -pathy comb form 构词成分 (forming ns 用以构成名词) 1 method of treating disease 疗法: homeopathy * osteopathy. 2 feeling 感觉: telepathy. -path comb form 构词成分 (forming ns 用以构成名词) doctor using a particular method of treating disease 使用某种疗法的专门医生: homeopath * osteopath. -pathic comb form 构词成分 (forming adjs 用以构成形容词): homeopathic * telepathic. patience / 5peIFns; `peFEns/ n [U] 1 ~ (with sb/sth) ability to accept delay, annoyance or suffering without complaining 耐性; 忍耐力; 耐心: I warn you, I'm beginning to lose (my) patience (with you), ie become impatient. 我警告你, 我（对你）已经渐渐失去耐性了. * After three hours of waiting for the train, our patience was finally exhausted. 我们等了三个小时的火车, 最后再也没有 耐性了. * She has no patience with (ie cannot tolerate) people who are always grumbling. 她腻烦那 些总发牢骚的人. * (saying 谚) Patience is a virtue. 忍耐是美德. 2 ~ (for sth/to do sth) ability to persevere with sth; perseverance 坚忍; 坚持; 毅力: Learning to walk again after his accident required great patience. 他出事后重新学习走路要有极大的毅力. * She hasn't the patience to do embroidery. 她没有做剌绣的常性. 3 (Brit) (US solitaire) type of card-game, usu for one player 一 种纸牌戏（通常为单人玩的）. 4 (idm 习语) the ,patience of `Job very great patience(1) 极大的耐 性: His behaviour would try (ie test) the patience of Job. 无论耐性多大的人也无法忍受他的行为. patient / 5peIFnt; `peFEnt/ adj ~ (with sb/sth) having or showing patience 有耐性的; 忍耐的; 容忍 的: You'll have to be patient with my mother she's going rather deaf. 你对我母亲得有耐心--她的耳 朵越来越背了. * patient research, questioning, listening 耐心的研究、询问、听* She's a patient (ie persevering) worker. 她工作很有耐心. patiently adv: wait, sit, listen patiently 耐心地等著、坐著、听著. patient / 5peIFnt; `peFEnt/ n (a) person who is receiving medical treatment, esp in a hospital （接受治 疗的）病人（尤指医院中的）. (b) person who is registered with a doctor, dentist, etc and is treated by him when necessary （在某医生处注册的）病人（病时由此医生诊治）: I have been a patient of Dr Smith for many years. 多年来我一生病就请史密斯医生给我看. patina / 5pAtInE; `pAtInE/ n [sing] 1 green coating that forms on the surface of old bronze or copper 铜绿. 2 glossy surface on old wood （古木器上的）光泽. patio / 5pAtIEU; `pBtI9o/ n (pl ~s / -EUz; -oz/) 1 paved area next to a house where people can sit, eat, etc outdoors （与房子相连有铺砌面的）露台, 平台（作户外歇息、用餐处）. Cf 参看 veranda. 2 roofless courtyard within the walls of a Spanish or Spanish-American house （西班牙式或拉丁美洲 式住宅的）院子, 天井. Cf 参看 terrace 3. patisserie / pE5ti:sErI; pE`tisErI/ n 1 [C] shop selling French pastries and cakes 出售法式糕点的商 店. 2 [U] pastries and cakes sold in such a shop 法式糕点. patois / 5pAtwB:; `pAtwB/ n (pl unchanged 复数不变/ -twB:z; -twBz/) dialect spoken by the common people of a region and differing from the standard language of the country 方言; 土语; 土 话: He speaks the local patois. 他会说当地方言. patri- : comb form 构词成分of a father 父亲的: patricide * patriarch. Cf 参看 matri-. patriarch / 5peItrIB:k; `petrI9Brk/ n 1 male head of a family or tribe （男性）家长, 族长. Cf 参看 matriarch. 2 Patriarch (in the Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic Churches) high-ranking bishop （东正教和天主教的）牧首, 宗主教. 3 old man who is greatly respected 极受尊敬的年老男子. patriarchal / 9peItrI5B:kl; 9petrI`Brkl/ adj 1 of or like a patriarch （似）（男性）家长的, 族长的, 牧首的, 宗主教的, 长者的. 2 ruled or controlled by men 由男性统治或控制的: a patriarchal society 父权社会. patriarchate / -eIt; -et/ n position or period of office of a Patriarch of the Church 牧首或宗主教的职 位或任期. patriarchy / -kI; -kI/ n [C, U] (society, country, etc with a) patriarchal(2) system of control or government 父权制（的社会或国家）. patrician / pE5trIFn; pE`trIFEn/ n member of the aristocracy(esp in ancient Rome) 贵族（尤指古罗马 的）. Cf 参看 plebeiann. patrician adj. of or like a patrician; aristocratic （似）贵族的; 出身高贵的: patrician arrogance, haughtiness, good looks 贵族的高傲、傲慢、气派. patricide / 5pAtrIsaId; `pAtrI9saId/ n (a) [C, U] (act of) killing one's own father 弑父（行为）. (b) [C] person who does this 弑父者. Cf 参看 matricide, parricide. patrimony / 5pAtrImEnI; ?@ -mEUnI; `pAtrE9monI/ n[U] 1 property inherited from one's father or ancestors 祖传财产. 2 income or property that a church receives from endowments （得自捐赠的） 教会收入或财产. patrimonial / 9pAtrI5mEUnIEl; 9pAtrE`monIEl/ adj of or relating to a patrimony 祖传财产的; 教 会收入的; 教会财产的. patriot / 5pAtrIEt; ?@ 5peIt-; `petrIEt/ n person who loves his country, esp one who is ready to defend it against an enemy 爱国者（尤指随时为捍卫国家抵抗外敌的）: a true patriot 真正的爱国者. patriotic / 9pAtrI5CtIk; ?@ 9peIt-; 9petrI`BtIk/ adj having or showing love of one's country 爱国的; 有爱国心的: patriotic members of the public 公众中的爱国分子* patriotic support, fervour 表现 爱国的支持、热情* patriotic songs 爱国歌曲. patriotically / -klI; -klI/ adv. patriotism / -IzEm; -9IzEm/ n [U] love of one's country and readiness to defend it 爱国心; 爱国主 义; 爱国精神. patrol / pE5trEUl; pE`trol/ v (-ll-) [I, Tn] go round (a town, an area, etc) to check that all is secure and orderly or to look for wrongdoers, an enemy or people who need help 在（某城、地带等）巡逻; 巡 查: The army regularly patrol (along) the border. 军队按时沿边界巡逻. * Police patrol the streets at night. 警察晚间在街道上巡逻. patrol n. 1 action of patrolling 巡逻; 巡查: carry out a patrol 执行巡逻任务 * The army make hourly patrols of the area. 军队在该地带每小时巡逻一次. * The navy are maintaining a 24-hour air and sea patrol, eg in order to find survivors from a ship that has sunk. 海军正在进行24 小时海空巡 逻（如寻找遇难船只上的幸存者）. 2 person, group of people, vehicle, ship or aircraft that patrols an area 巡逻者; 巡逻队; 巡逻车; 巡逻艇; 巡逻机: a naval, army, police patrol 海军、陆军、警察 的巡逻人员 * [attrib 作定语] a police pa`trol car 警察巡逻车. 3 group of (usu) 6 members of a Scout troop or a Girl Guide company 童子军小队（通常为6 人）. 4 (idm 习语) on patrol patrolling a particular area 在巡逻中: Terrorists attacked two soldiers on patrol. 恐怖分子袭击了两名正在巡 逻的士兵. patrolman / -mEn; -mEn/ n (pl -men / -mEn; -mEn/) 1 person employed by a motorists' organization to patrol roads and help motorists who are in difficulty （汽车协会的）公路巡查员（帮 助遇到困难的司机）. 2 (US) policeman who patrols a particular area 巡警. patrol wagon ( US) = Black Maria (black1). patron / 5peItrEn; `petrEn/ n 1 person who gives money or other support to a person, cause, activity, etc 资助人; 赞助人: a wealthy patron of the arts 艺术方面的富有的赞助人. 2 (fml 文) (regular) customer of a shop, restaurant, theatre, etc （老）主顾, 顾客: Patrons are requested to leave their bags in the cloakroom. 顾客请将手提包留在衣帽间. patron saint saint regarded as protecting a particular person, place, etc 守护神: St Christopher is the patron saint of travellers. 圣·克里斯托弗是旅行者的守护神. patronage / 5pAtrEnIdV; ?@ 5peIt-; `petrEnIdV/ n [U] 1 support and encouragement given by a patron 资助; 赞助; 支持: patronage of the arts 对艺术方面的赞助 * Without the patronage of several large firms, the festival could not take place. 没有几大公司的赞助, 就没有这一庆典. * The theatre is under the patronage of the Arts Council. 那剧院得到了艺术委员会的赞助. 2 (fml 文) customer's support for a shop, restaurant, etc; custom1(2) 光顾; 惠顾: We thank you for your patronage. 谢谢您的惠顾. 3 right or power to appoint sb to or recommend sb for an important position （重要职务的）任命权, 举荐权. 4 (dated 旧) patronizing (patronize 1) manner 施恩的 态度. patronize, patronise / 5pAtrEnaIz; ?@ 5peIt-; `petrEn9aIz/ v [Tn] 1 treat (sb) as an inferior; treat (sb) in a condescending way 以高人一等的态度对待（某人）; 屈尊俯就对待（某人）: He resented the way she patronized him. 她待他那种屈尊纡贵的样子, 他十分愤恨. 2 (fml 文) be a regular customer of (a shop, etc) 作为老主顾经常去（某商店等）; 经常光顾、惠顾: The restaurant is patronized by politicians and journalists. 这家饭馆常有政治家和记者光顾. 3 act as a patron(1) to (sb/sth); support or encourage (sb/sth) 做（某人[某事物]）的赞助人; 资助、赞助或支持（某人[某 事物]）. patronizing, patronising adj. condescending 屈尊俯就的: a patronizing person, manner, attitude, smile, tone of voice 高人一等的人、派头、态度、笑容、腔调. patronizingly, patronisingly adv. patronymic / 9pAtrE5nImIk; 9pAtrE`nImIk/ n, adj (name) derived from the name of one's father or some other male ancestor 从父名或父系祖先之名衍生出的（名字）. patsy / 5pAtsI; `pAtsI/ n (US infml derog 口, 贬) person who is easily cheated or fooled 易上当或易 受愚弄的人. patter / 5pAtE(r); `pAtL/ n [U] rapid and often glib speech used by a comedian, conjuror or salesman （滑稽演员、变戏法者或推销员的）顺口溜: You have to learn to resist the sales patter. 你可得学 乖点, 不要轻信推销员的那套话. patter v. 1 [Tn] say or repeat (prayers, etc) in a rapid mechanical way 喋喋地重复（祷告等）. 2 [I] talk quickly or glibly 快速地说; 喋喋不休地说. patter / 5pAtE(r); `pAtL/ n 1 [sing] sound of quick light steps or taps 轻快的脚步声或拍打声: the patter of rain on a roof 雨点打在屋顶的啪嗒声* the patter of footsteps 急速的脚步声. 2 (idm 习语) the patter of tiny `feet (joc 谑) (used to refer to a baby that sb is going to or might be going to have 用以指即将出生的婴儿) the sound of young children in a home 家中小儿的声音: She can't wait for the patter of tiny feet. 她巴不得婴儿早日出生. patter v. 1 [I] make this sound 发出轻快的脚步声或拍打声: rain pattering on the window panes 雨点啪嗒啪嗒地打在窗户上. 2 (phr v) patter along, down, etc (sth) walk quickly in the specified direction with light footsteps 以轻快的脚步沿某方向走: She pattered along (the corridor) in her bare feet. 她赤著脚轻快地走过（走廊）. pattern / 5pAtn; `pAtLn/ n 1 arrangement of lines, shapes, colours, etc, esp as a decorative design on clothes, carpets, wallpaper, etc 图案, 花样, 式样（尤指衣物、地毯、壁纸等的）: a checked, flowery, Paisley pattern 格子的、花卉的、佩斯利涡旋纹的图案* What a pretty pattern! 多漂亮 的图案哪! * She wore a dress with a pattern of roses on it. 她穿著有玫瑰花图案的连衣裙. =>illus 见插图. 2 (a) (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) model, design or instructions from which sth is to be made （据以制作某物的）模型, 样式, 说明: a knitting/sewing pattern 编织[缝纫]样式 * a paper pattern, ie a set of pieces of paper that show the shapes of the various parts of a garment 纸 样（缝制衣服用的）. (b) piece of wood used to make a mould for casting metal （用以制造铸模的） 木模, 模型. 3 sample of cloth or some other material （布等的）样品: a book of tweed patterns 粗 花呢样品簿. 4 way in which sth happens, moves, develops or is arranged 模式; 方式; 形式: patterns of behaviour/behaviour patterns 行为模式* the pattern of economic decline in Britain 英国 经济衰退的形式* the pattern of events which led up to the war 导致战争的事件发展状况 * These sentences all have the same grammatical pattern. 这些句子的语法模式都相同. * The murders all seem to follow a set pattern, ie occur in a similar way. 这些谋杀案似乎都为同一手法. 5 excellent example; model 模范; 典范; 榜样: This company's profit-sharing scheme set a pattern which others followed. 这家公司的利润分成计画已成为各公司的样板. pattern v. [Tn.pr] ~ oneself/sth on sb/sth imitate sb/sth; model sth on sth 模仿某人[某事物]; 按某 模型仿造某物: He patterns himself upon his father. 他模仿父亲. * Her ideas are patterned on Trotsky's. 她的思想是仿效托洛茨基的. patterned adj decorated with a pattern 有图案装饰的; 带 花样的: patterned china, fabric, wallpaper 有图案的瓷器、织物、壁纸. pattern-maker n. person who makes patterns in an engineering factory 制模工; 翻砂工. pattern-shop n. room in a factory where patterns (pattern 2b) are made 制模车间. paucity / 5pR:sEtI; `pRsEtI/ n [sing] ~ (of sth) (fml 文) smallness of number or quantity 少量; 少许; 少数: a paucity of evidence 少量证据. paunch / pR:ntF; pRntF/ n fat stomach, esp a man's 大肚子（尤指男子的）: You're getting quite a paunch, eg from drinking a lot of beer. 你的肚子越来越大了（如因喝大量啤酒）. paunchy adj. (-ier, -iest) having a paunch 肚子大的（尤指男子）. paunchiness n. [U]. pauper / 5pR:pE(r); `pRpL/ n very poor person 贫民; 穷人: He died a pauper. 他死时身无分文. pauperism / 5pR:pErIzEm; `pRpL9IzEm/ n [U] state of being a pauper 贫穷; 贫困. pause / pR:z; pRz/ n 1 ~ (in sth) temporary stop in action or speech （行为、讲话中的）暂停, 临 时中止: a moment's pause 短暂的停顿* He slipped out during a pause in the conversation. 谈话中 稍一停顿他就溜了出去. * After a short pause, they continued walking. 他们稍稍停了停, 然后继续 走路. * She spoke for an hour without a pause. 她不停地讲了一小时. =>Usage at break2 用法见 break2. 2 (music 音) sign ( ) over a note(5b) or rest2(3) to show that it should be longer than usual 延长记号（标在音符或休止符上表示该符应比通常所示为长）. 3 (idm 习语) give pause to sb/give sb pause make sb hesitate before doing sth 使某人做某事前犹豫: Weather conditions were bad enough to give pause to even the most experienced climbers. 天气十分恶劣, 即 使最有经验的登山者也犹豫不决. a pregnant pause/silence => pregnant. pause v. [I, Ipr] ~ (for sth) make a pause 中止; 暂停; 停顿: He paused for a moment, and then continued his speech. 他停顿了一下然后继续讲话. * Let's pause for a cup of coffee. 我们歇歇喝杯 咖啡吧. * speak without pausing for breath, ie very quickly 一口气说下去. pave / peIv; pev/ v 1 [esp passive 尤用于被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) cover (a surface) with flat stones or bricks 用石或砖铺（路）: The path is paved with concrete slabs. 这条路是用混凝 土板铺成的. 2 (idm 习语) ,pave the `way (for sb/sth) create a situation in which sth specified is possible or can happen （为某人[某事物]）创造条件, 做准备: His economic policies paved the way for industrial expansion. 他的经济政策为工业的扩展铺平了道路. the road to hell is paved with good intentions => road. paving stone slab of stone used for paving 铺路石板. pavement / 5peIvmEnt; `pevmEnt/ n 1 [C] (Brit) (US sidewalk) path with a paved surface at the side of a road for people to walk on 人行道: Don't ride your bicycle on the pavement. 不要在人行道上骑 自行车. 2 [U] (US) hard surface of a road, street, etc （道路等的）硬路面. 3 [C] paved area or surface 用石或砖铺的面. pavement artist person who draws on the pavement with coloured chalks, esp in order to be given money by passers-by 马路画家（用彩色粉笔在街上作画, 尤指向行人讨钱的）. pavilion / pE5vIlIEn; pE`vIljEn/ n 1 (Brit) building next to a sports ground, esp a cricket field, used by players and spectators （运动场旁, 尤指板球场旁供运动员和观众用的）建筑物: a cricket pavilion 板球队员更衣室. 2 light building used as a shelter, eg in a park 亭子, 阁（如公园中的）. 3 ornamental building used for concerts, dances, etc （音乐会、舞会等用的）装饰华美的建筑物: the Royal Pavilion in Brighton 布赖顿皇家剧场. 4 temporary building, esp a large tent used to display items at an exhibition （展览会陈列物品用的）临时建筑物, （尤指）大帐篷. paving / 5peIvIN; `pevIN/ n [U] (a) paved surface 用石或砖铺的面. =>illus at App 1 见附录1 插图, page vii. (b) material used for this （石、砖等）铺面材料. pavlova / 5pAvlEvE; pAv`lovE/ n [C, U] (also pavlova cake) dessert consisting of a layer of meringue topped with cream and fruit 蛋白奶油酥. paw / pR:; pR/ n 1 foot of an animal with claws or nails 爪子: a dog's paw 狗爪子. =>illus at App 1 见附录1 插图, page iii. 2 (infml joc or derog 口, 谑或贬) person's hand 手: Take your dirty little paws off me! 别用你的小黑爪子抓著我! paw v. 1 [Ipr, Tn] ~ (at) sth (of an animal) feel or scratch sth with the paws （指动物）用爪子触 或抓挠（某物）. 2 [Tn] (of a horse or bull) scrape (the ground) with a hoof （指马或牛）用蹄子 刨或扒（地）. 3 [Tn] touch (sb/sth) with the hands roughly, awkwardly or in a sexually improper manner 用手胡乱地或猥亵地摸（某人[某物]）: He can't be near a woman without pawing her. 他一 接近女人就忍不住动手动脚. pawky / 5pR:kI; `pRkI/ adj (-ier, -iest) (Brit dialect 方) drily humorous 木然幽默的. pawkily adv. pawkiness n. [U]. pawl / pR:l; pRl/ n 1 lever with a catch that fits between the teeth (tooth 2) of a ratchet to prevent slipping or movement in a particular direction （防逆转的）棘爪, 掣爪. 2 (nautical 海) short bar used to prevent a capstan or windlass from recoiling （防止绞盘或起锚机逆转的）掣转杆. pawn / pR:n; pRn/ n 1 one of the eight chess-men of the smallest size and value （国际象棋中的） 卒. =>illus at chess 见 chess 插图. 2 (fig 比喻) person or group whose actions are controlled by others 被人利用的人: We are mere pawns in the struggle for power. 在权力斗争中我们只是一批小 卒. pawn / pR:n; pRn/ v [Tn] 1 leave (an object) with a pawnbroker in exchange for money that can be repaid in order to get the object back 典当, 抵押（某物）: He pawned his gold watch to pay the rent. 他典当了金表用以交租. 2 (fig 比喻) abandon (sth) in order to gain sth 以（某事物）担保: pawn one's honour 以个人名誉担保. pawn n. (idm 习语) in pawn in a state of being pawned 在抵押中; 已典当: My watch is in pawn. 我把表当了. pawnbroker n. person licensed to lend money in exchange for articles left with him 开当铺者; 当 铺老板. pawnshop n. place where a pawnbroker works 当铺. pawn-ticket n. receipt given by a pawnbroker for articles left with him 当票. pawpaw = papaw. pay / peI; pe/ n [U] 1 money paid for regular work 工资; 薪金: an increase in pay/a pay increase 加薪* He doesn't like the job, but the pay is good. 他不喜欢那工作, 但薪水很高. * (infml 口) What's the pay like (ie How much are you paid) in your job? 你挣多少钱? * [attrib 作定语] pay negotiations 工资谈判. =>Usage at income 用法见 income. 2 (idm 习语) in the pay of sb/sth (derog 贬) employed by sb/sth, esp secretly 受雇于某人[某事物]（尤指秘密工作）: a spy in the pay of the enemy 敌人收买的间谍. pay-claim n. demand for an increase in pay made by a union for its members （工会为其会员提出 的）加薪要求. pay-day n. 1 day of the week or month on which wages or salaries are paid 发薪日. 2 (in the Stock Exchange) day when stock that has been transferred has to be paid for （证券交易所的）过户 结帐日. pay dirt ( US) earth containing enough ore to make mining profitable （有开采价值的）矿石, 矿砂. payload n. 1 part of the load of a ship, an aircraft, etc for which payment is received, eg passengers and cargo, but not fuel 收费载重, 酬载（船舶、飞机等的收费运载量, 如乘客、货物而不包括 燃料）. 2 explosive power of a bomb or warhead carried in an aircraft or a missile （飞行器或导弹 所携的炸弹或弹头的）炸药量. 3 equipment carried by a satellite or spacecraft 有效荷载（卫星或 航天器携带的仪器设备）. paymaster n. 1 official who pays troops, workers, etc 负责发薪饷的军需官; 工薪出纳员. 2 (usu pl 通常作复数) (derog 贬) person who pays another person or group to do sth for him and who therefore controls his/their actions 雇用并操纵他人的人: The paymasters of these petty crooks are the big crime syndicates. 操纵这帮小流氓的就是那个大犯罪集团. ,Paymaster `General (Brit) minister in charge of the department of the Treasury through which payments are made （财政部）主 计长. pay-packet n. envelope containing an employee's wages 薪水袋. pay phone (US `pay station) coin-operated telephone （投币式）公用电话. payroll n. (a) list of people employed by a company and the amount of money to be paid to each of them （公司员工的）薪水名册: a firm with 500 employees on the payroll, ie one that employs 500 people 有500 名雇员的公司. (b) total amount of wages and salaries to be paid to the employees of a company （公司员工的）薪水总额. pay-slip n. piece of paper that gives details of an employee's pay, including deductions for tax, insurance, etc 薪水单. pay / peI; pe/ v (pt, pp paid) 1 (a) [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ (sb) (for sth); ~ sth (to sb) (for sth) give (sb) money (for goods, services, etc) 付钱给（某人）（作为货物、服务等的费用）: My firm pays well, ie pays high wages. 我公司工酬优厚. * Are you paying in cash or by cheque? 你用现款还是 用支票支付? * They tried to leave the restaurant without paying (for their meal). 他们不付饭钱就要 溜走. * Her parents paid for her to go (ie paid the cost of her travel) to America. 她去美国的旅费是父 母给的. * Have you paid the milkman this week? 这星期给送奶人钱了吗? * pay sb by the hour/by the job 计时[计件]给某人付酬* How much did you pay for your house? 你买房花了多少钱? * We paid 50000 for our house. 我们买房花了5 万英镑. * You haven't paid me the money you owe me. 你欠我的钱还没还给我呢. * She paid a dealer 2000 for that car. 她用2 千英镑从汽车行买的这辆 汽车. * Have you paid that money to the bank yet? 你把那笔钱付给银行了吗? * You're not paid to sit around doing nothing! 花钱雇你来可不是让你光坐著不干活的! (b) [Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) give (what is owed); hand over the amount of sth 还; 偿还; 缴付: pay taxes, rates, rent, etc 纳 税、交地方税、缴租* pay a bill, debt, fine, subscription, etc 付帐、还债、缴罚款、交订费 * He paid the terrorist a ransom of 50000 for his kidnapped son. 他为救出被绑架的儿子向恐怖分子 交付了5 万英镑的赎金. * Membership fees should be paid to the club secretary. 会费应交给俱乐部 秘书. 2 (a) [I] (of a business, etc) be profitable （指商业等）有利可图, 有收益: The shop closed because it didn't pay. 该店因不赚钱而关闭. * It's difficult to make sheep farming pay here. 养羊业 在这里难有收益. (b) [I, Tn] be advantageous or profitable to (sb) 对（某人）有利或有好处: Crime doesn't pay. 犯罪是得不偿失的. * It would pay (you) to use an accountant. 雇会计划得来. * It pays to be honest with the taxman. 纳税诚实不吃亏. 3 (idm 习语) expenses paid => expense. give/pay lip-service to sth => lip-service (lip). he who ,pays the ,piper ,calls the `tune (saying 谚) the person who provides the money for sth should control how it is spent 花钱的人说话算数. pay attention (to sb/sth) listen carefully to sb/sth; take notice of sb/sth 仔细听某人说的话[某事物]; 注意某人[某事 物]: Pay attention when I'm talking to you! 我跟你说话的时候, 你要留心听! * pay attention to one's teacher 注意听老师讲课. pay sb a compliment/pay a compliment to sb praise sb about sth 就某 事物夸奖某人. pay court to sb (becoming dated 渐旧) treat (esp a woman) with great respect or admiration in order to gain favour 向（尤指女人）献殷勤; 讨好; 求爱. pay `dividends produce benefits or advantages 产生效益; 得到好处: I suggest you take more exercise; I think you'll find it pays dividends, ie it will make you fitter. 我建议你多运动, 多运动你就会觉得有好处. pay heed (to sb/sth) take careful notice of sb/sth; heed sb/sth 注意某人[某事物]: She paid no heed to our warnings. 她不把我们的警告放在心上. pay sb (back) in his own/the same `coin punish sb for treating one badly, by treating him in the same way 以其人之道还治其人之身. pay/settle an old score => old. pay the `penalty (for sth/doing sth) suffer because of wrongdoing, misfortune or an error 因过失、不 幸或缪误而受苦或受害: I'm paying the penalty for drinking too much last night; I've got a dreadful headache! 昨晚我酒喝得太多真是自讨苦吃, 现在头疼得很厉害! pay a/the `price (for sth) suffer a disadvantage or loss in return for sth one has gained 为所得付出代价: Our troops recaptured the city, but they paid a heavy price for it, ie many were killed. 我军收复了该市, 但为此付出了沉重代价. pay one's re`spects (to sb) (fml 文) visit sb as a sign of respect for him 探望某人以示敬意; 拜访; 拜见: Please pay my respects to your mother. 请代我向伯母致意. * Hundreds came to pay their last respects to the dead president, eg by attending his funeral. 数以百计的人前来向总统遗体告别. pay through the `nose (for sth) (infml 口) pay too much or a lot of money for sth 为某事物花钱过多. pay (a) tribute to sb/sth express one's admiration or respect for sb/sth 对某人[某事物]表示赞赏或敬意: His colleagues paid generous tributes to the outgoing president. 同事们纷纷向即将卸任的总裁致敬. pay sb/sth a visit visit sb/sth 访问某人; 参观某处. pay one's/its `way (of a person, business, etc) support oneself/itself with money one/it has earned （指人）挣钱维持生活; （指企业）赢利维持营 业. put `paid to sth (infml 口) stop or destroy sth 结束或毁掉某事物: Coming to work drunk put paid to her hopes of promotion. 她上班总是醉醺醺的, 把晋升的希望都失去了. rob Peter to pay Paul => rob. there'll be the devil to pay => devil1. there will be/was hell to pay => hell. you ,pays your ,money and you ,takes your `choice (infml catchphrase 口, 警语) one should choose whatever alternative course of action, explanation etc, one wants, since any one is as good as any other 你花钱, 你挑选（谁都一样碰运气）. 4 (phr v) pay sb back (sth); pay sth back return (money) to sb that one has borrowed from him 还（钱）给某人: Have you paid (me) back the money you owe me yet? 你向 我借的钱还（给我）了吗? * I'll pay you back next week. 我下星期还给你. pay sb back (for sth) punish sb or get one's revenge 惩罚某人; 报复: I'll pay him back for the trick he played on me. 他对 我使坏, 我得治治他. pay for sth suffer or be punished for sth 为某事吃苦头或受惩罚: The home team paid (dearly) for their defensive errors, eg by losing the match. 主队因防守错误而（大）吃苦头（例如比赛输了）. * I'll make him pay for his insolence! 他蛮横无礼, 我要让他尝尝苦头! pay sth in; pay sth into sth put (money) into (a bank account) 将（钱）存入（银行）: pay a cheque into one's account 把支票 存入帐户. pay off ( infml 口) (of a risky policy, course of action, etc) bring good results; be successful; work （尤指冒风险的政策、做法等）带来好结果, 成功, 行得通: The gamble paid off. 赌赢了. pay sb off (a) pay the wages of sb and dismiss him from a job 付清某人工资予以解雇: pay off the crew of a ship 付清全体船员工资并予以解雇. (b) (infml 口) give money to sb to prevent him from doing sth; bribe sb 用钱收买某人使之不做某事; 贿赂某人. pay sth off pay in full (money owed for sth) 全部 偿还; 偿清: pay off one's debts, a loan, a mortgage, etc 还清债务、贷款、抵押款等. pay sth out ( a) (regularly) make a large payment (of money) for sth （按时）为某事物付巨款: I had to pay out 200 to get my car repaired! 我得花200 英镑修理汽车! * We're paying out 300 a month on our mortgage. 我们每月要付300 英镑抵押贷款. (b) release or pass (a length of rope, cord, etc) through the hands （自手中）放松, 放出（一段绳索等）. pay up pay in full money that is owed for sth 付清全部欠款: I'll take you to court unless you pay up immediately. 除非马上还清欠款, 否则我和你打官司. payable / 5peIEbl; `peEbl/ adj [pred 作表语] that must or may be paid 应付; 可付: Instalments are payable on the last day of the month. 分期付的款可于每月最后一日交付. * The price of the goods is payable in instalments. 货款可以分期支付. payee / peI5i:; pe`i/ n person to whom sth is (to be) paid 受款人; 收款人. payer n. person who pays or who has to pay for sth 付款人; 交款人. paid-up adj. having paid all money or subscriptions owed to a club, political party, etc （会员费、党 费等）已付清的, 已缴齐的: She's a (fully) ,paid-up member of the `party. 她是缴（清）了党费的 党员. pay-as-you-earn n. [U] (Brit) (abbr 缩写PAYE) method of collecting income tax by deducting it from an employee's wages or salary 预扣所得税法（从薪金中扣除所得税的制度）. pay-bed n. (Brit) bed in a National Health hospital for which the user has paid as a private patient （国民保健医院的）自费病床. paying guest person who lives in sb's house and pays for his board and lodging; lodger （私人家中的）寄膳宿者, 房客. pay-off n. (infml 口) 1 act or occasion of paying money (esp a bribe) to sb 付给某人钱（尤指贿 赂）. 2 deserved reward or punishment （应有的）报偿, 惩罚. 3 climax of a story or of a series of events （故事或事件的）高潮. PAYE / 9pi: eI waI 5i:; 9pi e waI `i/ abbr 缩写= (Brit) (of income tax) pay-as-you-earn. payment / 5peImEnt; `pemEnt/ n ~ (for sth) 1 [U] paying or being paid 支付; 付款; 缴纳; 报酬: We would be grateful for prompt payment of your account. 如即付款无任感激. * Payment of subscriptions should be made to the club secretary. 会费应交给俱乐部秘书. 2 [C] sum of money (to be) paid 付出的或要付的款项: The television can be paid for in ten monthly payments of 50. 这 电视机可月付50 英镑10 次付清. * Would you accept 50 as payment (for the work)? （这工作）给 你50 英镑你愿意做吗? 3 [U, sing] reward for sth 报答; 报偿: We'd like you to accept this book in payment for your kindness. 我们奉送此书聊表谢忱. * (ironic 反语) Personal abuse was the only payment he got for his efforts. 他努力所得只是一顿臭骂. payola / peI5EUlE; pe`olE/ n (esp US) 1 [C] sum of money offered to sb to use his position or influence to promote the sales of a commercial product 为利用某人的地位或影响以推销商品而向 其行贿的钱. 2 [U] practice of paying money in this way 上述情况的行贿. PC / 9pi: 5si:; 9pi `si/ abbr 缩写= (Brit) 1 personal computer 个人用计算机; 个人电脑. 2 (pl PCs) police constable: PC (Tom) Marsh （汤姆·）马什警察. Cf 参看 WPC. 3 Privy Councillor. pc abbr. 缩写 = 1 (US pct) (symb 符号为%) per cent: 20 pc 20%. 2 / 9pi: 5si:; 9pi `si/ (infml 口) postcard. pd abbr. 缩写= paid (eg on a bill) 已付, 付讫（如帐单上的标记）. Pde abbr. 缩写= (in street names) parade （用作街名）街: 29 North Pde 北街29 号. PDSA / 9pi: di: es 5eI; 9pi di Zs `e/ abbr 缩写= (Brit) People's Dispensary for Sick Animals 人民兽 医诊所. PDT / 9pi: di: 5ti:; 9pi di `ti/ abbr 缩写= (US) Pacific Daylight Time 太平洋夏季时间. PE / 9pi: 5i:; 9pi `i/ abbr 缩写= physical education 体育（课）: do PE at school 在学校上体育课 * a PE lesson 体育课. Cf 参看 PT. pea / pi:; pi/ n 1 (a) climbing plant with long green pods containing edible green seeds that are eaten as a vegetable 豌豆. (b) one of these seeds 豌豆（粒）. 2 (idm 习语) like as two peas/as peas in a pod => like3. pea-green adj, n (having a) bright green colour like that of peas 青豆色（的）; 浅绿色（的）. pea-shooter n. small tube from which dried peas are shot by blowing through the tube 射豆枪. pea soup soup made from dried peas 豌豆汤. pea-souper n. (dated Brit infml 旧, 口) very thick yellow fog 黄色浓雾. peace / pi:s; pis/ n 1 (a) [U] state of freedom from war or violence 和平; 太平: The two communities live together in peace (with one another). 这两个社区和平相处. * After years of fighting the people longed for peace. 经过多年的战斗, 人民渴望和平. * [attrib 作定语] a peace treaty 和平条约 * peace studies, negotiations 和平研究、和谈 * the Peace Movement, ie the movement campaigning for nuclear disarmament 和平运动（争取核裁军的）. (b) [sing] period of this 和平时期: a lasting peace 持久和平* After a brief peace, fighting broke out again. 经暂短的和平 时期, 战事又起. 2 (often 常作Peace) [U, sing] treaty ending a war 和约: Peace/A Peace was signed between the two countries. 两国签定了和约. * The Peace of Versailles 凡尔赛和约. 3 [U] (state of) calm or quiet 安静; 平静: break/disturb the peace 打破[搅扰]宁静 * the peace of a summer evening, the countryside 夏日傍晚的、郊野的寂静* I would work better if I had a bit of peace and quiet. 要是再静一些我就能工作得更好了. * He just wants to be left in peace, ie not to be disturbed. 他只是希望别打扰他. * peace of mind, ie freedom from worry 心态平静* May he rest in peace, eg carved as an inscription on sb's tombstone. 愿他安息（如刻于墓碑上的字样）. 4 [U] (state of) harmony and friendship 和睦; 友好. 5 (idm 习语) (be) at peace (with oneself/sb/sth) in a state of friendship or harmony (with oneself/sb/sth) 让（自己）平静; 与（某人[某事物]）和好、和 睦: She's never at peace with herself, ie is always restless. 她总是静不下来. ,hold one's `peace/`tongue (dated 旧) remain silent or keep quiet although one would like to say sth 保持缄默; 忍住不说. ,keep the `peace (a) not create a disturbance in public 维持治安. (b) prevent people from quarrelling, fighting or creating a disturbance in public 维持秩序: a peace-keeping force, ie armed troops sent to a country where there is civil war, to prevent more fighting 维持和平部队. make one's peace with sb end a quarrel with sb, esp by apologizing 与某人和解（尤指主动道歉）. make peace (of two people, countries, etc) agree to end a war or a quarrel （指两人、两国等）媾和, 和解. Peace Corps ( US) organization that sends young volunteers to work in other countries 和平队. peace-loving adj. peaceable(1); peaceful(2) 爱好和平的; 和平的; 安宁的: a peace-loving nation, people, tribe, etc 爱好和平的民族、人民、部落等. peacemaker n. person who persuades people or countries to make peace 调解人; 调停人. peace offering present offered to show that one is willing to make peace or in order to apologize for sth 为求和解而 赠送的礼物: I bought her some flowers as a peace offering. 我买了一些花送给她表示歉意. peace-pipe n. (also ,pipe of `peace) tobacco pipe smoked by N American Indians when they have made peace with an enemy 和平烟斗（北美印第安人与敌人和解时吸用的）. peacetime n. [U] period when a country is not at war 和平时期. peaceable / 5pi:sEbl; `pisEbl/ adj 1 not quarrelsome; wishing to live in peace with others 不争吵的; 愿与别人和睦相处的: a peaceable temperament, person 温和的脾气、人. 2 without fighting or disturbance; peaceful 安宁的; 和平的: a peaceable settlement, discussion 心平气和的解决、商讨 * peaceable methods 和平的方法. peaceably / -EblI; -EblI/ adv: live peaceably with one's neighbours 与邻居和睦相处. peaceful / 5pi:sfl; `pisfEl/ adj 1 not involving war or violence 不诉诸战争或暴力的; 和平的: a peaceful demonstration, reign, period of history 和平示威、太平盛世、历史上的和平时期 * peaceful uses of atomic energy 原子能的和平利用* peaceful co-existence, eg of countries with opposing political systems 和平共处. 2 loving or seeking peace 爱好和平的; 寻求和平的: peaceful nations 爱好和平的国家 * peaceful aims 追求和平的目的. 3 quiet; calm; tranquil 安静 的; 安宁的; 宁静的: a peaceful evening, scene, death 宁静的黄昏、静谧的景色、安祥的死亡 * peaceful sleep 安宁的睡眠* It's so peaceful out here in the country. 郊区这地方多麽恬静. peacefully / -fElI; -fElI/ adv: die, sleep peacefully 死、睡得安祥. peacefulness n. [U]. peach / pi:tF; pitF/ n 1 [C] round juicy fruit with downy yellowish-red skin and a rough stone 桃: tinned peaches 桃罐头 * [attrib 作定语] a `peach stone 桃核. =>illus at fruit 见fruit 插图. 2 [C] (also `peach tree) tree on which this grows 桃树. 3 [U] yellowish-red colour of a peach 桃红色. 4 (infml 口) (a) [C] very attractive young woman 美人儿; 漂亮妞儿: She's a real peach. 她真是个美 人儿. (b) [sing] ~ (of a sth) thing that is exceptionally good or attractive of its kind （同类事物中）极 好的或极吸引人的事物: That was a peach of a shot! 射得真棒! peachy adj. (-ier, -iest) like a peach in colour or texture 像桃的; 颜色像桃的. peaches and cream ( approv 褒) having an attractive pink colour 漂亮的粉红色: a peaches-and-cream complexion 白里透红的面容. peach Melba desert made with ice-cream, peaches and raspberry sauce 冰激凌、桃加悬钩子沙司的甜品. peacock / 5pi:kCk; `pi9kBk/ n 1 large male bird with long blue and green tail feathers which can be spread out like a fan 孔雀: [attrib 作定语] peacock feathers 孔雀羽毛. 2 (idm 习语) proud as a peacock => proud. peacock blue adj, n (having a) bright blue-green colour 孔雀蓝（的）. peahen / 5pi:hen; `pi9hZn/ n female of a peacock 雌孔雀. peak / pi:k; pik/ n 1 (a) pointed top, esp of a mountain 尖顶; （尤指）山峰: The plane flew over the snow-covered peaks. 飞机在积雪的山峰上飞过. =>illus at mountain 见mountain 插图. (b) the mountain itself 山: The climbers made camp half-way up the peak. 登山队员在半山腰扎营. 2 any shape, edge or part of sth that narrows to a point 尖顶; 尖头; 尖端: the peak of a roof 屋的尖顶 * hair combed into a peak 梳起尖儿的头发* widow's peak, ie hair-style or growth that slopes back on each side from a point in the centre of the forehead 前额上的v 形发尖. 3 pointed front part of a cap 帽舌. =>illus at hat 见hat 插图. 4 (a) point of highest intensity, value, achievement, etc （强度、价 值、成就等的）最高点, 顶峰: Traffic reaches a peak between 8 and 9 in the morning. 早晨八九点 钟是交通的高峰时刻. * She's at the peak of her career. 她正处于她事业的顶峰. (b) [attrib 作定语] maximum, most busy or intense, etc 最大的; 最忙的; 最紧张的: peak periods, production, load 高 峰时期、最高产量、最高负荷* the peak hour, ie when the greatest number of people are travelling to or from work 高峰时间（上下班交通繁忙时间）* peak hours, ie when demand for sth, eg electricity, is highest 高峰时期（如用电的）* peak time, eg when the greatest number of people are watching television 黄金时间（如看电视的）* peak rate, ie highest prices charged at the busiest periods by hotels, airlines, etc 高峰价（旅馆、班机等在最繁忙时期的收费）. Cf 参看 off-peak (off). peaked adj. having a peak 带尖顶的; 带帽舌的: a peaked cap, roof 带帽舌的帽子、尖的屋顶. the Peak District area in Derbyshire, England where there are many peaks (peak 1) 皮克区（英格兰德比郡北部行政区, 该处多高峰）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1 插图, pages xiv, xv. peak / pi:k; pik/ v [I] 1 reach the highest point or value 达到高峰; 达到最高值: Toy sales peaked just before Christmas and are now decreasing. 玩具销售额在圣诞节前夕达到最高峰, 现已逐渐下 降. * Demand for electricity peaks in the early evening. 用电量最大的时候是在黄昏时. 2 (idm 习 语) peak and pine become ill because of grief; waste away （因悲哀）憔悴, 消瘦. peaky (-ier, -iest) (also peaked) adj. (infml 口) ill or pale 憔悴的; 苍白的: look, feel a bit peaky 看上去、觉得有点虚弱. peal / pi:l; pil/ n 1 (a) loud ringing of a bell or a set of bells with different notes 响亮的铃声或钟声. (b) one of a number of musical patterns that can be rung on a set of bells （可用编锺演奏的）钟乐. 2 set of bells with different notes tuned to each other 编钟. 3 loud burst of sound 洪亮的响声: a peal of thunder 雷声隆隆* break into peals of laughter 哈哈大笑. peal v. 1 [I, Ip] ~ (out) sound in a peal 发出响亮的声音; 发出钟乐声: The bells pealed (out) over the countryside. 钟声响彻郊野. 2 [Tn] cause (bells) to ring or sound loudly 使（钟或铃）声 音大作: peal the bells to celebrate victory 让钟声齐鸣齐祝胜利. pean ( US) = paean. peanut / 5pi:nQt; `pi9nQt/ n 1 [C] (a) plant of the pea family bearing edible seeds in pods which ripen underground 落花生; 花生. (b) (also `ground-nut) one of these seeds 花生米; 花生仁. =>illus at nut 见nut 插图. 2 peanuts [pl] (sl 俚) very small amount (esp of money) 极少的量（尤指钱）: He gets paid peanuts for doing that job. 他那份工作报酬甚微. peanut butter paste made from roasted ground peanuts, used as a food 花生酱. peanut oil oil made from peanuts, used in cooking 花生油. pear / peE(r); pZr/ n 1 sweet juicy yellow or green fruit with a rounded shape that becomes narrower towards the stalk 梨. =>illus at fruit 见 fruit 插图. 2 (also `pear tree) tree on which this grows 梨 树. pearl / p\:l; p[l/ n 1 (a) small, hard, round, silvery-white or bluish-grey lustrous mass that forms inside the shells of some oysters and is of great value as a gem 珍珠: a string of pearls 一串珍珠 * [attrib 作定语] a pearl necklace 珍珠项链. (b) man-made imitation of this 人造珍珠: cultivated pearls 人工养殖的珍珠. 2 thing resembling a pearl in shape or colour （形状或颜色）似珍珠之物: pearls of dew on the grass 草上的露珠. 3 very precious or highly valued person or thing (used esp in the expressions shown) 极宝贵或极有价值的人或事物（尤用于以下示例）: a pearl among women 女子中的杰出者* pearls of wisdom 智慧的结晶. 4 (idm 习语) cast pearls before swine => cast1. pearly adj. (-lier, -liest) of or like a pearl （似）珍珠的: a pearly sheen 珍珠的光泽 * (joc 谑) the Pearly Gates, ie the gates of Heaven 珍珠之门（天国的门）. pearlies n [pl] (Brit) traditional costume of some London costermongers, decorated with pearl buttons 伦敦某些小贩在节日穿的缀有珠母钮 扣的传统服装. ,pearly `king, ,pearly `queen, (Brit) costermonger/costermonger's wife wearing pearlies 穿著缀有珠母钮扣的节日服装的小贩或小贩的妻子. pearl barley barley ground into small round grains 珍珠麦（磨成小圆粒的大麦）. pearl button button made from mother-of-pearl 珠母钮扣. pearl-diver (also `pearl-fisher, pearler) n. person who dives or fishes for pearl-oysters 潜水采珠母 贝的人. pearl-oyster n. type of oyster in which pearls are found 珠母贝; 珍珠贝. pearmain / 5peEmeIn; `pZrmen/ n any of several types of apple with a red skin and firm white flesh 一种红皮苹果. peasant / 5peznt; `pZznt/ n 1 (in the rural areas of some countries) farmer owning or renting a (usu small) piece of land which he cultivates himself （某些国家的）农民（自己有或租有通常为小片土 地的耕作者）: [attrib 作定语] peasant farming 农作. 2 (formerly) poor agriculturalworker （旧时） 贫穷的雇农. 3 (infml derog 口, 贬) person with rough unrefined manners 举止粗鲁的人: He's an absolute peasant. 他是个大老粗. peasantry / 5pezntrI; `pZzntrI/ n [Gp] (a) all the peasants (of a country) （一国的）农民. (b) peasants as a social group or class 农民阶级. pease-pudding / 9pi:z5pUdIN; 9piz`pJdIN/ n [C, U] (esp Brit) (dish of) split peas boiled and made into a thick creamy liquid 豌豆布丁（黏稠状餐后甜食）. peat / pi:t; pit/ n [U] plant material partly decomposed by the action of water, esp in marshy places (peat bogs) and used in horticulture or as a fuel 泥煤; 泥炭: a bag, bale of peat 一袋、一桶泥煤 * [attrib 作定语] a peat fire, ie one in which cut pieces of peat are burned 泥煤火. peaty adj. of, like or containing peat （似）泥煤的; 含泥煤的: peaty soil 泥炭土. pebble / 5pebl; `pZbl/ n 1 small stone made smooth and round by the action of water, eg in a stream or on the seashore 卵石; 砾石. 2 (idm 习语) not the only pebble on the beach not the only person who matters or who has to be considered 并非唯一要紧的或要考虑的人. pebbly adj. covered with pebbles 多卵石的: a pebbly beach 遍布卵石的海滩. pebble-dash n. [U] (Brit) cement mixed with small pebbles used as a coating for the outside walls of a house （房子外墙的）灰泥卵石涂层. pecan / 5pi:kEn, pI5kn; ?@ pI5kB:n; pI`kBn/ n 1 pinkish-brown smooth nut with an edible kernel 美洲山核桃. 2 tree on which this grows, a type of hickory from the southern USA 美洲山核桃树. peccadillo / 9pekE5dIlEU; 9pZkE`dIlo/ n (pl ~es or ~s / -lEUz; -loz/) small unimportant offence or sin 小过失; 轻罪: guilty of some mild peccadillo 有某种小过失. peccary / 5pekErI; `pZkErI/ n type of wild pig-like animal found in Central and S America 西rui, 美 国的一种野猪）. peck / pek; pZk/ v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (at sth) (try to) strike (sth) with the beak 啄或焰（某物）: Hens feed by pecking. 母鸡啄食. * birds pecking at the window 啄玻璃窗的鸟儿* The lamb had been pecked by crows. 那只小羊被乌鸦啄著. * (fig 比喻) peck at one's food, ie (of people) eat very small pieces or eat without appetite （指人）一点一点地吃（或因无食欲而没精打彩地吃）. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] get or make (sth) by striking with the beak 啄到（某物）: peck corn 啄粟粒* The birds pecked a hole in the sack. 鸟儿把袋子啄出一个洞. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (on sth) (infml 口) kiss sb lightly and hurriedly 匆匆轻吻某人: peck sb on the cheek 在某人脸颊上匆匆一吻. 4 (idm 习语) a/the `pecking order (infml 口) system of grading that exists in a group of people, so that some are more important, powerful, etc than others 集体中重要性或势力等的强弱顺序: Newcomers have to accept their position at the bottom of the pecking order. 新来的人论资排辈只好屈居于最底层. 5 (phr v) peck sth out remove sth by pecking 啄出某物: Vultures had pecked out the dead sheep's eyes. 秃鹫 啄出了那只死羊的眼睛. peck n. 1 (a) stroke made by pecking 啄. (b) mark or wound made by pecking 啄痕; 啄伤: The parrot gave me a sharp peck on the finger. 鹦鹉把我的手指啄得很疼. 2 (infml 口) hurried kiss 匆 匆一吻: She gave her aunt a quick peck on the cheek. 她在姑姑的脸颊上匆匆吻了一下. peck / pek; pZk/ n (formerly) measure of capacity fordry goods, esp grain, equal to 2 gallons (or approximately 9 litres) （旧时）配克（乾量单位, 尤用以量谷物, 等于2 加仑或相当于 9 升）. pecker / 5pekE(r); `pZkL/ n 1 (US sl 俚) penis 阴茎. 2 (idm 习语) ,keep one's `pecker up (Brit infml 口) remain cheerful, esp in spite of difficulties 保持乐观（尤指不惧所处的困难）. peckish / 5pekIF; `pZkIF/ adj (infml 口) hungry 饿的: feel a bit peckish 觉得有点饿. pectin / 5pektIn; `pZktIn/ n [U] (chemistry 化) substance similar to sugar that forms in some fruit when ripe and causes jam to set 果胶. pectic / 5pektIk; `pZktIk/ adj (a) of or from pectin 果胶的; 得自果胶的. (b) producing pectin 产生 果胶的. pectoral / 5pektErEl; `pZktErEl/ adj 1 of the chest or breast 胸的; 胸部的: pectoral muscles 胸肌 * a pectoral fin 胸鳍. 2 worn on the chest or breast 戴于胸前的: a pectoral cross, ie worn by a bishop 戴在胸前的十字架（主教戴的）. pectorals n. [pl] (often joc 常作戏谑语) chest muscles 胸肌. angina pectoris / An9dVaInE 5pektErIs; An`dVaInE`pZktErIs/ (also angina) n [U] (medical 医) disease of the heart which results in sharp pains in the chest after exertion 心绞痛. peculate / 5pekjUleIt; `pZkjE9let/ v [I, Tn] (fml 文) take (money) dishonestly, esp from public funds; embezzle 盗用（钱财）; （尤指）侵吞, 挪用（公款）. peculation / 9pekjU5leIFn; 9pZkjE`leFEn/ n (a) [U] peculating 盗用; 侵吞; 挪用. (b) [C] instance of this 盗用; 侵吞; 挪用. peculiar / pI5kju:lIE(r); pI`kjuljL/ adj 1 (a) odd or strange 奇怪的; 奇异的; 罕有的: a peculiar taste, smell, noise, etc 怪异的口味、气味、噪音等* a peculiar feeling that one has been here before 似曾来过这里的奇怪感觉* My keys have disappeared it's most peculiar! 我的钥匙不见 了--这可太奇怪了! Cf 参看funny peculiar (funny). (b) (of people) eccentric （指人）怪僻的, 古 怪的: He's a bit peculiar! 他有点怪! * her rather peculiar behaviour 她那颇古怪的行为. 2 (infml 口) unwell 不舒服的: I'm feeling rather peculiar I think I'll lie down for a while. 我觉得不太舒服 --我想躺一会儿. 3 [pred 作表语] ~ to sb/sth (a) belonging only to sb/sth 独有; 独特: an accent peculiar to the north of the region 该地北部独特的口音* a flavour peculiar to food cooked on an open fire 明火炙烤食物独有的味道* a species of bird peculiar to Asia 亚洲独有的鸟种. (b) used or practised only by sb/sth 专用的; 特有的: customs peculiar to the 18th century 18 世纪特有的风 俗习惯* slang peculiar to medical students 医学院学生的专用俚语. 4 [attrib 作定语] special or particular 专门的; 特别的: a matter of peculiar interest 特别使人感兴趣的事* his own peculiar way of doing things 他自己专门的做事方法. peculiarity / pI9kju:lI5ArEtI; pI9kjulI`ArEtI/ n 1 [U] quality of being peculiar(1a) 独特性; 特质. 2 [C] distinctive feature; characteristic 特点; 特色; 特性: These small spiced cakes are a peculiarity of the region. 这些别有风味的小蛋糕是该地的特产. 3 [C] odd or eccentric thing, quality, habit, etc 怪异的事物、性质、怪癖等: peculiarities of dress, behaviour, diet, etc 衣著、行为、在饮 食习惯方面...的怪癖. peculiarly adv (a) in a peculiar(1b) manner 古怪地; 怪僻地: behave peculiarly 举动古怪. (b) more than usually; especially 异常地; 特殊地; 特别地: a peculiarly annoying noise 特别讨厌的噪音. pecuniary / pI5kju:nIErI; ?@ -IerI; pI`kjunI9ZrI/ adj (fml 文) of or concerning money 金钱的; 关系 钱财的: pecuniary advantage, aid, difficulties 钱财上的好处、帮助、困难* work without pecuniary reward 无偿劳动. ped-, pedo- ( US) = paed(o)-. pedagogue (US pedagog) / 5pedEgCg; `pZdE9-B-/ n 1 (arch or fml 古或文) teacher 教师. (derog 贬) strict or formal teacher 严厉的教师; 学究式教师. pedagogy / 5pedEgCdVI; `pZdE9-BdVI/ n [U] study or science of ways and methods of teaching 教育学; 教学法. pedagogic / 9pedE5gCdVIk; 9pZdE`-BdVIk/ (also pedagogical / -Ikl; -Ikl/) adj. of or concerning teaching methods 教学法的. pedagogically / -klI; -klI/ adv: apedagogically accepted method of testing students' knowledge 符合 教学法的测验学生知识的方法. pedal / 5pedl; `pZdl/ n 1 lever that drives a machine (eg a bicycle or sewing-machine) when pressed down by the foot or feet （自行车、缝纫机等的）踏板, 脚蹬子: [attrib 作定语] a pedal cyclist 骑 自行车的人* a pedal boat, ie one propelled by pedals 用脚踏驱动的船. =>illus at App 1 见附录1 插图, page xiii. 2 lever or key on a musical instrument (eg a piano, a harp or an organ) operated by the foot （钢琴等的）踏板; （风琴等的）踏瓣: the loud/soft pedal, ie on a piano 钢琴的强音[弱 音]踏板. =>illus at App 1 见附录1 插图, page xi. pedal v. (-ll-; US also -l-) 1 [I] use a pedal or pedals 踩踏板: pedal rapidly to make the machine run smoothly 快速踩踏板好让机器转得平稳. 2 [I, Ipr, Ip] move by pedalling; ride 踩踏板驱动行 进; 骑车: pedal fast 踏板踏得快* pedal down the hill 骑车下山* pedal along 踩动踏板行进. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr] move or operate (a machine) by pedalling 踩动踏板驱动或操纵（机器）: pedal a bicycle across the field 骑自行车越过田野. pedal bin rubbish bin (usu in a kitchen) with a lid that opens when a pedal is pressed 踏板垃圾桶（踩踏板开 盖式, 通常用于厨房）. pedal / 5pi:dl; `pidl/ adj of or concerning the foot or feet 足的; 脚的. pedant / 5pednt; `pZdnt/ n (derog 贬) 1 person who attaches too much importance to detail or to rules, esp when learning or teaching 学究; 书呆子. 2 person who values academic knowledge and likes to display his learning 卖弄学问的人. pedantic / pI5dAntIk; pI`dAntIk/ adj of or like a pedant 学究式的; 书呆子气的; 卖弄学问的: a pedantic insistence on the rules 墨守成规. pedantically / -klI; -klI/ adv. pedantry / 5pedntrI; `pZdntrI/ n (a) [U] too much emphasis on formal rules or detail 迂腐; 拘泥. (b) [U] boastful and unnecessary display of learning 卖弄学问; 炫耀知识. (c) [C] instance of this 迂腐; 拘泥; 卖弄学问. peddle / 5pedl; `pZdl/ v 1 [I] go from house to house to sell goods; be a pedlar 挨家兜售; 沿街叫 卖; 做小贩. 2 [Tn, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) try to sell (goods) by going from house to house or by offering them to individual people （挨家）兜售（货物）: peddle one's wares 上门推销货物 * be arrested for peddling illegal drugs 因贩毒被捕. =>Usage at sell 用法见sell. 3 [Tn, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) offer (ideas, gossip, etc) to individual people 宣扬, 散播（主张、流言等）: peddle malicious gossip 散播恶毒的流言蜚语* peddling his crazy plan to other party members 向其他党员宣传他 那疯狂的计画. peddler / 5pedlE(r); `pZdlL/ n 1 (US) = pedlar. 2 person who sells illegal drugs 贩毒者: dope addicts exploited by peddlers 受毒品贩子盘剥的那些吸毒者. pederasty (also paederasty) / 5pedErAstI; `pZdE9rAstI/ n [U] practice of a man having sexual relations with a boy （男人与男童间的）鸡奸. pederast / 5pedErAst; `pZdE9rAst/ n man who practisespederasty 鸡奸男童的人. pedestal / 5pedIstl; `pZdIstl/ n 1 base of a column 柱脚; 柱基. 2 base on which a statue or some other piece of sculpture stands （雕像等的）基座. =>illus 见插图. 3(idm 习语) knock sb off his pedestal/perch => knock2.place, etc sb on a `pedestal admire sb greatly, esp without noticing his faults 崇拜某人（尤指盲目地）. pedestal table table supported on a central column 独腿桌（只中间有一支柱）. pedestrian / pI5destrIEn; pE`dZstrIEn/ n person walking in the street (contrasted with people in vehicles) 行人: Two pedestrians and a cyclist were injured when the car skidded. 汽车打滑时伤了两 个行人和一个骑自行车的. Cf 参看 motorist (motor). pedestrian adj. 1 lacking imagination or inspiration; dull 缺乏想像力或灵感的; 平淡的; 沉闷的: a pedestrian description of events that were actually very exciting 对极激动人心的事所作的乏味描 叙* Life in the suburbs can be pretty pedestrian. 郊区生活有时相当沉闷. 2 [attrib 作定语] of or for pedestrians 行人的; 为行人而设的: a pedestrian walkway 人行道. pedestrian crossing ( Brit) (US crosswalk) part of a road specially marked with studs, white lines, etc, where vehicles must stop to allow pedestrians to cross 人行横道. Cf 参看pelican crossing (pelican), zebra crossing (zebra). pedestrian precinct part of a town, esp a shopping area, where vehicles may not enter （禁止车辆通行的）行人区（尤指 商业区）. pedi- : comb form 构词成分of the feet 足的; 脚的: pedicure. pedicel / 5pedIsel; `pZdEsl/ (also pedicle / 5pedIkl;`pZdIkl/) n (biology 生) small stalk-like structure in a plant or an animal （植物的）柄; 蒂; 花梗; （动物的）肉茎, 梗节. pedicure / 5pedIkjUE(r); `pZdIk9jur/ n [C, U] treatment of the feet, esp corns, bunions, etc, and care of the toe-nails, for medical or cosmetic reasons 足部治疗; 修脚. Cf 参看 manicure. pedigree / 5pedIgri:; `pZdE9-ri/ n 1 (a) [C] line of ancestors 世系: proud of his long pedigree 为其 源远流长的世系而骄傲. (b) [U] quality of having this 门第; 出身: people without pedigree 非名门 出身的人. 2 [C] (a) table or list of a person's ancestors; family tree 家谱; 系谱. (b) official record of the animals from which an animal has been bred 动物纯种系谱. pedigree adj. [attrib 作定语] (of an animal) descended from a known line of (usu specially chosen) animals of the same breed; pure bred （指动物的）纯种的: [attrib 作定语] pedigree cattle, dogs, horses, etc 纯种的牛、狗、马等. pediment / 5pedImEnt; `pZdEmEnt/ n (architecture 建) (usu) triangular part above the entrance of a building, first used in the buildings of ancient Greece （通常为）三角楣饰（最初用于古希腊的建 筑物上）. =>illus at column 见 column 插图. pedlar (US peddler) / 5pedlE(r); `pZdlL/ n (esp formerly) person who travels from place to place selling goods at fairs, etc （尤指旧时的）流动小贩 ped-, pedo- ( US) = paed(o)-. pedometer / pI5dCmItE(r); pI`dBmEtL/ n instrument that measures the distance a person walks by recording the number of steps taken 计步器; 步程计. pee / pi:; pi/ v [I, Ipr] (infml 口) urinate 撒尿: a dog peeing against a fence 对著篱笆撒尿的狗. pee n. (infml 口) (a) [U] urine 尿. (b) [sing] act of urinating 撒尿: go for/have a quick pee 去小 便. peek / pi:k; pik/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (at sth) look quickly and often secretively (at sth) 匆匆地（常为秘密地） 看（某物）; 偷看; 窥视: No peeking! 禁止窥视! * peek over the fence 向篱笆那边瞥一眼 * peek at sb's diary 偷看某人的日记. Cf 参看peep1 1, peer2. peek n. [sing] quick (often sly) glance 匆匆的（常为诡秘的）一瞥; 偷看; 窥视: take a peek at what was hidden in the cupboard 偷眼看了一下柜子里藏著的东西. peekaboo / 9pi:kE5bu:; `pikE9bu/ (Brit also peepbo / 5pi:pbEU; `pipbo/) interj, n [U] (exclamation used in a) game played to amuse young children, in which one hides one's face and then uncovers it 躲躲猫（把脸一隐一现逗乐小儿的游戏）; 做这种游戏时发出的声音. peel / pi:l; pil/ v 1 (a) [Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (for sb) take the skin off (fruit, etc) 除掉（水果等）的 皮: peel a banana, an apple, a potato, etc 剥香蕉皮、削苹果皮、刮土豆皮* Would you peel me an orange? 给我剥个橙子行吗? (b) [Ip, Tn.p] ~ (sth) away/off (cause skin, etc on a surface to) be removed （使外皮等）剥落: peel away the outer layer 剥掉外层* The label will peel off if you soak it in water. 那标签用水浸湿即可脱落. (c) [I] have a skin or outer layer which comes off 脱皮; 外层 脱落: These oranges peel easily. 这些橙子的皮好剥. 2 (a) [I, Ip] ~ (off) (of a covering) come off in strips or flakes （指覆盖层）剥落, 脱落: The wallpaper is peeling (off). 壁纸正在剥落. * After sunbathing, my skin began to peel. 我作了日光浴后, 皮肤有些脱落了. * The bark of plane trees peels off regularly. 悬铃木的树皮到时候就脱落. (b) [I] (of a surface) lose its covering in strips or flakes （指表面）脱皮, 剥落: My face is peeling. 我的脸脱皮了. * The walls have begun to peel. 墙 皮已开始剥落了. 3 (idm 习语) keep one's eyes peeled/skinned =>eye1. 4 (phr v) peel off (of cars, aircraft, etc) leave a group and turn to one side （指汽车、飞行器等）离队转向一侧: One squadron peeled off to attack enemy bombers. 一中队战机脱离编队攻击敌轰炸机群. peel (sth) off (infml 口) remove (one's clothes), esp when one is hot or before exercise 脱掉（衣服）（尤指因热或于运动前）: peel off and dive into the sea 脱掉衣服跳进大海* peel off one's jumper 脱下毛衣. peel n. [U] outer covering or skin of fruit, vegetables, etc （蔬菜、水果等的）皮: lemon peel 柠 檬皮* candied peel, ie peel of oranges, lemons, etc coated in sugar 蜜饯果皮. Cf 参看 rind, skin 4, zest 3. peeler n. (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) device for peeling (fruit, etc) （水果等的）剥皮 机, 削皮器: a po`tato peeler 马铃薯削皮器. peelings / 5pi:lINz; `pilINz/ n [pl] (esp of fruit and vegetables) parts peeled off （尤指水果和蔬菜） 削下或剥下的皮. peep / pi:p; pip/ v [I, Ipr, Ip] 1 ~ (at sth) look quickly and slyly or cautiously (at sth) 匆匆地（且诡 秘地或小心地）看（某物）; 偷看; 窥视: peep at a secret document 偷看秘密文件 * be caught peeping through the keyhole 贴近锁眼窥视被当场抓住. Cf 参看peek, peer2. 2 (of light) appear through a narrow opening （指光）通过细孔透入: daylight peeping through the curtains 穿过窗帘 的阳光. 3 appear slowly or partly 慢慢露出; 部分出现: The moon peeped out from behind the clouds. 月亮从云层中隐现. * green shoots peeping up through the soil 慢慢破土而出的绿芽. peep n. 1 (esp sing 尤作单数) short quick look, esp a secret or sly one 一瞥（尤指秘密的或诡秘 的）; 偷看; 窥视: have a peep through the window 隔著窗户偷看* take a peep at the baby asleep in her cot 悄悄地看看小床里熟睡的孩子. 2 (idm 习语) peep of `day first light of day; dawn 晨曦; 破晓. peeper n. (usu pl 通常作复数) (sl 俚) eye 眼睛. peep-hole n. small opening in a wall, door, curtain, etc through which one may peep at sth 窥孔. Peeping Tom ( derog 贬) person who likes to spy on people when they do not know they are being watched; voyeur 爱偷看他人活动的人; 有窥淫癖的人. peep-show n. exhibition of small pictures in a box, which are viewed through a magnifying lens placed in a small opening 西洋景; 西洋镜. peep / pi:p; pip/ n 1 [C] short weak high sound made by mice, young birds, etc; squeak （鼠、小鸟 等的）吱吱声, 啾啾声. 2 [C] (also peep `peep) (imitation of the) sound of a car's horn （模拟的） 汽车的喇叭声. 3 [sing] (infml 口) sound made by sb, esp sth said 人声; （尤指）人语声: I haven't heard a peep out of the children for an hour. 有一个小时我没听见孩子们出声了. peep v. [I] make a peep 作吱吱声或啾啾声; 发出（模拟的）汽车喇叭声; （指人）出声. peepul = pipal. peer / pIE(r); pIr/ n 1 (a) [C] person who is equal to another in rank, status or merit （官阶、等级、 地位或功绩）同等的人: It will not be easy to find his peer. 很不容易找到像他那样的人. * be judged by one's peers 受到与自己地位相同的人的评价. (b) [C usu pl 通常作复数] person who is the same age as another 同龄人: He doesn't spend enough time with his peers. 他不大与其同龄人交 往. 2 [C] (in Britain) male member of one of the ranks of nobility (eg duke, marquis, earl, viscount, baron) （在英国）有爵位的男子（如公、侯、伯、子、男等贵族）: a `life peer 终身为贵族 的男子. peerage / 5pIErIdV; `pIrIdV/ n 1 [Gp] the whole body of peers 贵族（总称）: elevate/raise sb to the peerage, ie make sb a peer or peeress 封某人为贵族. 2 [C] rank of a peer 贵族的爵位: inherit a peerage 承袭贵族的爵位. 3 [C] book containing a list of the peers and details of their ancestry 贵 族名册（记载所有贵族家谱的）. peeress / 5pIEres; `pIrIs/ n (a) female peer 女贵族. (b) wife or widow of a peer 贵族的夫人或遗 孀. peerless adj. superior to all others; without equal 无与匹敌的; 无双的. peer group n. group of people of approximately the same age or status 年龄或地位相近的人: mix with one's peer group 与自己类似的人交往. peer of the realm ( in Britain) hereditary peer with the right to sit in the House of Lords （在英国） 可成为上议院议员的世袭贵族. peer / pIE(r); pIr/ v [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (at sth/sb) look closely or carefully, esp as if unable to see well 仔细 看（尤指似因看不清）: peer shortsightedly 因近视而仔细看* peer at sb over one's spectacles 戴 著眼镜认真打量某人 * peer into the mist 向雾中张望 * peer out of the window/over the wall/through a gap 凝视窗外[隔墙细看/从缝隙中窥视]. =>Usage at look1 用法见look1. Cf 参看 peek, peep1 1. peeve / pi:v; piv/ v [Tn] (infml 口) annoy (sb); put (sb) in a bad temper 惹恼（某人）; 惹（某人） 发脾气: It peeves me to be ordered out of my own house. 命令我从自己的家中出去, 真太气人了. peeved adj. ~ (about sth) (infml 口) annoyed 生气的; 恼怒的: He looks very peeved about something. 他好像对什麽事很生气. peevish / 5pi:vIF; `pivIF/ adj easily annoyed (esp by unimportant things); irritable 易怒的（尤指对 小事）; 急躁的. peevishly adj. peevishness n. [U]. peewit (also pewit) / 5pi:wIt; `piwIt/ n = lapwing. peg / peg; pZ-/ n 1 wooden, metal or plastic pin or bolt, usu narrower at one end than the other, used to hold things together, to hang things on, to mark a position, etc （木、金属或塑料的）钉, 栓, 销, 挂钉, 短桩. 2 (a) pin fastened to a wall or door, on which hats and coats may be hung 挂衣帽的钩 或钉: a hat/coat peg 挂帽钉[挂衣钩]. (b) (also `tent-peg) pin hammered into the ground to hold one Oxford Dictionary Translation memory software company ForeignDesk, Okapi Framework, OmegaT, Transolution, AidTransStudio, Cafetran, Déjà Vu (DVX), Heartsome Translation Suite, MemoQ, MetaTexis, Rainbow, SDLX, SDL, STAR Transit, Trados, SDL Trados, Wordfast, WordFisher, Similis, Open Language Tools http://www.transgood.com