TransGood-Translation memory software Trados, SDL, ForeignDesk, Wordfast, WordFisher, Déjà Vu (DVX), 译佳计算机辅助翻译软件, 雅信CAT TransGood, TransMemory, Translation Software Tools, Computer-assisted translation, computer-aided translation, CAT, machine-aided translation, Translation memory software, Terminology management software, Alignment software, Software localization tools, ?bersetzung Software, Logiciels de traduction, Software di traduzione, Traducción de Software, Mémoire de traduction, Tradu??o memória, Memoria de traducción, Memoria di traduzione, Перевод Software, ForeignDesk, Okapi Framework, OmegaT, Transolution, AidTransStudio, Cafetran, Déjà Vu (DVX), Heartsome Translation Suite, MemoQ, MetaTexis, Rainbow, SDLX, SDL, STAR Transit, Trados, SDL Trados, Wordfast, WordFisher, Similis, Open Language Tools, 翻訳ソフトウェア, 翻訳メモリ, 翻译软件 辅助翻译软件 计算机辅助翻译软件 人工智能翻译 翻译工具 专业翻译软件 翻译记忆软件 塔多思 Trados SDL WordFast 雅信CAT 翻译公司 牛津词典 Oxford Dictionary the guards for their freedom. 囚犯企图跟看守做换取自由的交易. barter n. [U] exchange of goods for other goods without using money 易货贸易; 以货易货; 物物 交换: On these islands a system of barter is used. 在这些岛上仍然实行著物物交换的制度. bas-relief / 9bAs rI5li:f, also 5bB: rIli:f; 9bAsrI`lif/ n (a) [U] form of sculpture or carving in which a figure or design projects only slightly from its background （人像或图样略微凸出于平面的）半浮 雕, 浅浮雕. (b) [C] example of this 浅浮雕品. basalt / 5bAsR:lt; ?@ 5beIsR:lt, bE5sR:lt; `besRlt, bE`sRlt/ n [U] type of dark rock of volcanic origin 玄武岩. base / beIs; bes/ n 1 (a) lowest part of sth, esp the part on which it rests or is supported （某物的） 底部; （尤指）底座, 基底: the base of a pillar, column, etc 柱基等. (b) (geometry 几) line or surface on which a figure stands 底边; 底面: the base of a triangle, pyramid, etc 三角形的底边、角锥体的 底面等. (c) (fig 比喻) starting-point; underlying principle 起点; 基本原则: She used her family's history as a base for her novel. 她把她一家人的经历作为她小说的蓝本. * His arguments had a sound economic base. 他的立论在经济方面是有充分根据的. 2 (chemistry 化) substance (eg an alkali) capable of combining with an acid to form a salt 可与酸化合成盐的物质（如硷）; 盐基. 3 main part or ingredient to which other things are added 混合配料的主要成分: a drink with a rum base 以朗姆酒为主要成分的饮料* Some paints have an oil base. 有些颜料是以油脂作为主要成 分. * Put some moisturizer on as a base before applying your make-up. 使用化妆品之前先用点润肤 脂打底. 4 place at which armed forces, expeditions, etc have their stores （军队、探险队等的）基 地, 根据地: a `naval base 海军基地* an `air base 空军基地 * [attrib 作定语] a base camp, eg for a mountaineering expedition 大本营（如为登山队所建者）* establish, set up a base 建立、设立 根据地. 5 (mathematics 数) number on which a numerical system is built up, eg 10 in the decimal system, 2 in the binary system 基数（如十进制系统以10 为基数, 二进制系统以2 为基数）. 6 (in baseball) each of the four positions to be reached by a runner （棒球）垒. =>illus at baseball 见 baseball 之插图. 7 (idm 习语) not get to first base => first base (first1). off base (US infml 口) (a) mistaken 错误的: You're a bit off base there. 你在那个地方有点不对头. (b) unprepared 毫无准备 的: Her reply caught him off base. 她的答覆使他不知所措. baseless adj. without cause or foundation 无原因的; 无根据的: baseless fears, rumours, suspicions 无根据的恐慌、谣言、怀疑. baseboard n. (US) = skirt (skirting-board). `base hit (also single) (in baseball) hit that enables a batter to reach first base （棒球）安全打（使击球手能上第一垒的击球）. baseline n. (sport 体) line marking each end of the court in tennis or the boundary of the running track in baseball （网球场的）底线; （棒球场的）垒线. =>illus at tennis 见tennis 之插图. base rate ( finance 财) interest rate used by individual banks as a basis for fixing their interest rates for borrowers and investors 基本利率（银行各自使用的利率, 据此而定出适用于贷款者和投资者 的利率）. base / beIs; bes/ v 1 [Tn.pr] ~ sth on sth use sth as grounds, evidence, etc for sth else 以某事物为另 一事物的根据、证据等: I base my hopes on the good news we had yesterday. 我把希望寄托在我们 昨天得到的好消息上. * This novel is based on historical facts. 这部小说是以历史事实为根据的. * Direct taxation is usually based on income, ie A person's income is used to calculate the amount of tax he has to pay. 直接税通常以收入为依据（根据个人收入计算出应交税款的数额）. 2 [esp passive 尤用于被动语态: Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sb in/at... place sb in (a place from which to work and travel) 把某 人安置在（某地进行工作和活动）: Where are you based now? 现在把你安置在哪里工作了? * Most of our staff are based in Cairo. 我们大部分工作人员都驻在开罗. base / beIs; bes/ adj (-r, -st) 1 (fml derog 文, 贬) dishonourable; despicable 不光彩的; 卑鄙的: acting from base motives 从卑鄙动机出发的行动. 2 not pure 不纯的: base coin 搀有贱金属的硬 币. 3 low in value 不值钱的: base metal 贱金属. basely adv in a base3(1) manner 卑鄙地. baseness n. [U] state of being base3(1) 卑鄙. baseball / 5beIsbR:l; `bes9bRl/ n [U] game popular in the USA, played with a bat and ball by two teams of nine players each on a field with four bases (base1 6) 棒球运动: [attrib 作定语] a baseball pitch 棒球投掷. =>App 4 见附录4. =>illus 见插图. Cf 参看 rounders. basement / 5beIsmEnt; `besmEnt/ n lowest room or rooms in a building, partly or wholly below ground level 地下室. bases 1 pl of basis. 2 pl of base1. bash / bAF; bAF/ v (infml 口) 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] strike (sb/sth) heavily so as to break or injure 猛击（某 人[某物]）: bash sb on the head with a club 用棍棒猛击某人头部. 2 [Ipr, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) against/into sb/sth (cause sth to) collide violently with sb/sth （使某物）猛撞某人[某物]: He tripped and bashed his head against the railing. 他跌了一跤, 头部撞在栏杆上了. 3 (phr v) bash ahead/away/on (with sth) continue doing sth quickly and enthusiastically, but not carefully 勤快地做著某事（但不细心）. bash sth in/down cause sth to collapse inwards by striking it violently 猛击某物使之向内塌陷: bash in the lid of a box 砸瘪盒盖* They bashed the door down. 他们砸倒了房门. bash sb up (Brit infml 口) treat sb violently 以暴力对待某人: He was bashed up in the playground by some older boys. 有 几个年龄较大的男孩子在操场上对他动武. bash n. 1 (infml 口) violent blow 猛烈的打击: give sb a bash on the nose 照著某人的鼻子狠狠 一击. 2 (idm 习语) have a bash (at sth) (infml 口) attempt sth (usu sth previously untried) 尝试做 某事（通常为以往不曾试过的）: I've never tried water-skiing before, but I'd love to have a bash at it. 我以前从未做过滑水运动, 但是我倒愿意试一试. bashing n. [U, C] (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) violent attack (often on members of specific groups) 猛烈的攻击（通常施加于一定团体的成员）: union-bashing, ie the practice of trying to discredit a trade union by fierce criticism, etc 对工会的猛烈攻击（指企图以激烈的攻击性言论等 破坏工会名声的行动）* give sb a bashing 给某人一顿痛打. =>Usage at bang1 用法见 bang1. bashful / 5bAFfl; `bAFfEl/ adj shy and self-conscious 害羞的; 难为情的. bashfully / -fElI; -fElI/ adv. bashfulness n. [U]. basic / 5beIsIk; `besIk/ adj 1 ~ (to sth) forming a base or starting-point; fundamental 基本的; 根本 的; 基础的: argue from basic principles 从基本原则出发的争论 * the basic vocabulary of a language, ie those words that must be learnt 一种语言的基本词汇（即必须掌握的语词） * These facts are basic to an understanding of the case. 这些事实是了解这一案件的重要依据. 2 simplest or lowest in level; standard 初级的; 基本的; 标准的: basic pay, ie without extras such as overtime payments 基本工资（不包括超时费等额外收入）* our basic requirements 我们的基本需求 * My knowledge of physics is pretty basic, ie is only at the elementary level. 我的物理知识相当浮浅. basically / -klI; -klI/ adv with reference to essential matters (which are often seen as different from what is superficially apparent); fundamentally 基本上; 根本上; 本质上: Despite her criticisms, she is basically very fond of you. 别看她批评你, 她其实很喜欢你. * Basically I agree with your proposals, but there are a few small points I'd like to discuss. 我基本上同意你的建议, 但是有几个 小问题有待商榷. basics n. [pl] essential matters 实质性的东西: Let's stop chatting and get down to basics, ie concentrate on important matters. 我们别再闲聊了, 静下心来干些要紧的事吧. basic slag fertilizer containing phosphates obtained during the manufacture of steel 硷性炉渣（一种含磷酸盐的 肥料, 为炼钢的副产品）. BASIC (also Basic) / 5beIsIk; `besIk/ abbr 缩写 = (computing 计) beginners' all-purpose symbolic instruction code, a simple programming language 初学者通用符号指令代码（一种简单的程序设计 语言）. basil / 5bAzl; `bAzl/ n [U] sweet-smelling herb used in cooking 罗勒（芳香的草本植物, 用于烹调）. basilica / bE5zIlIkE; bE`zIlIkE/ n (architecture 建) large oblong-shaped church or hall with a double row of columns inside and an apse at one end 长方形的大教堂或大会堂（内有两行圆柱, 一端有半 圆形殿堂）: the Basilica of St Peter's in Rome 罗马的圣彼得大教堂. basilisk / 5bAzIlIsk; `bAsE9lIsk/ n 1 small tropical American lizard （热带美洲的）小蜥蜴. 2 mythical reptile said to be able to cause death by its look or breath （神话中的）蛇怪（传说其目光 或气息可致命）. basin / 5beIsn; `besn/ n 1 = wash-basin (wash). 2 round open bowl for holding liquids or for preparing food in 盆. =>illus at bucket 见bucket 之插图. 3 hollow place where water collects (eg a stone structure at the base of a fountain) 水洼; 水槽; 水池（如喷泉下方之石结构盛水池）. 4 deep, almost land-locked, harbour 几乎全部被陆地围绕的深港; 内湾: a yacht basin 游艇的小港湾. 5 depression in the earth's surface; round valley 洼地; 盆地: The village lay in a peaceful basin surrounded by hills. 那村庄座落在平静的山坳里. 6 area of land drained by a river 流域: the Thames basin 泰晤士河流域. basinful / -fUl; -fJl/ n amount that a basin contains 一盆的量: two basinfuls of water 两盆水. basis / 5beIsIs; `besIs/ n (pl bases/ 5beIsi:z; `besiz/) 1 main principle that underlies sth; foundation 构成某事物的主要原则; 基础: the basis of morality, friendship, etc 道德、友谊等的基础 * arguments that have a firm basis, ie that are founded on facts 有坚实基础（有事实根据）的论据 * Rates of work are calculated on a weekly basis. 工资是以周为计算基准的. 2 starting-point for a discussion 讨论的出发点: No basis for negotiations has been agreed upon. 谈判以什麽为中心议题 尚未取得一致意见. * This agenda will form the basis of our next meeting. 本议程将成为下次会议 的中心议题. bask / bB:sk; ?@ bAsk; bAsk/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (in sth) sit or lie enjoying warmth 坐著或躺著取暖: basking in the sunshine, by the fire, on the beach 在阳光下、火炉旁、海滩上取暖 * (fig 比喻) basking in sb's favour, approval, etc 受某人的恩惠、嘉许等. basket / 5bB:skIt; ?@ 5bAskIt; `bAskIt/ n 1 (a) container, usu made of material that bends and twists easily (eg reed, cane, wire), with or without a handle 篮, 篓, 筐（通常用易于编织的材料如芦苇杆、 藤子、金属丝等制成, 可有柄或无柄）: a `shopping basket 购物篮子* a `clothes basket 衣筐 * a ,waste-`paper basket 字纸篓. (b) amount that a basket contains 一篮、篓或筐的量: They picked three baskets of apples. 他们摘了三筐苹果. 2 (idm 习语) put all one's eggs in/into one basket => egg1. basketful / -fUl; -fJl/ n = basket 1b. basketball / 5bB:skItbR:l; ?@ 5bAs-; `bAskIt9bRl/ n [U] game played by two teams of five players in which goals are scored by throwing a large ball into an open-ended net fixed high on a hoop at the opponents' end of the court 篮球赛. =>App 4 见附录4. basketwork n. [U] (a) art of weaving material in the style of a basket 编篮筐的技艺. (b) material woven in this way 编成篮筐的材料: a fine piece of basketwork 精美的篮筐编织品. bass / 5bAs; bAs/ n (pl unchanged or ~es 复数或不变或作basses) any of several freshwater or sea fish of the perch family used as food 鲈鱼（淡水或海洋中产, 可食）: a shoal of bass 鲈鱼群 * They caught three basses. 他们捉到三条鲈鱼. bass / beIs; bes/ n 1 (a) lowest male voice 男低音: Is he a bass or a baritone? 他是男低音还是男 中音? (b) singer with such a voice 男低音歌手: He is a very fine bass. 他是非常优秀的男低音歌手. 2 lowest part in music (for voice or instruments) （声乐或器乐的）低音部: He sings bass. 他唱低音. 3 = double-bass (double). 4 (also bass guitar) electric guitar producing very low notes 低音电吉他. bass adj. [attrib 作定语] low in tone 低音的: a bass `voice 低音的嗓子* a bass clari`net 低音竖 笛* the ,bass `clef, ie symbol in music showing that the notes following in it are low in pitch 低音谱 号（乐谱上表明其后的音符为低音的符号）. Cf 参看 treble2. basset / 5bAsIt; `bAsIt/ (also `basset-hound) n short-legged dog used in hunting 矮腿猎犬. bassinet / 9bAsI5net; 9bAsE`nZt/ n baby's wicker cradle with a hood 有篷罩的柳条摇篮. bassoon / bE5su:n; bE`sun/ n low-pitched woodwind instrument with a double reed 低音管, 巴松管 （低音的双簧木管乐器）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1 之插图, page x. bast / bAst; bAst/ n fibre from the inner bark of (esp lime) trees, used for tying and weaving baskets, mats, etc （得自树木的, 尤指菩提树的）内皮纤维（用于编结篮筐、席子等）. bastard / 5bB:stEd; ?@ 5bAs-; `bAstLd/ n 1 illegitimate child 私生子: [attrib 作定语] a bastard child/daughter/son 私生儿[女/子]. 2 (sl derog 俚, 贬) (a) (usu male) person regarded with contempt; ruthless or cruel person （通常指男性）被人瞧不起的人, 冷酷无情的人, 残忍的人: You rotten bastard! 你这下流坯! * He's a real bastard, leaving his wife in that way. 他真狠心, 弃妻子于 不顾. (b) thing that causes difficulty, pain, etc 使人感到为难、疼痛等的事物: It's a bastard of a problem, this one. 这个问题真使人伤脑筋. * My headache's a real bastard. 我的头疼得真要命. (sl 俚) (a) (used to address sb, usu a male friend, informally 用于称呼某人, 通常为男性朋友, 用于 口语): Harry, you old bastard! Fancy meeting you here! 哈利, 你这老家伙! 真没想到在这里遇见 你! (b) (used for showing sympathy, usu about a man 用以表示同情, 通常用于男子) unfortunate fellow 不幸的人: The poor bastard! He's just lost his job. 那可怜的家伙! 他刚失去了工作. [usu attrib 通常作定语] not genuine or authentic; showing an odd mixture 不纯的; 不实的; 杂乱的: a bastard style, language 混杂的文体、语言. bastardize, -ise v. [Tn] (used esp in the past participle 尤作过去分词) make (sth) less pure or authentic 使（某事物）不纯或失真: a bastardized form of English 英语的不规范的形式. bastardization, -isation n. [U]. bastardy n. [U] (law 律) state of being a bastard(1) 私生子地位. baste / beIst; best/ v [Tn] sew (pieces of material) together with long temporary stitches 疏缝, 假缝, 大缝（用长针脚暂时缝合）. baste / beIst; best/ v [Tn] pour fat, juices, etc over (meat, etc) to keep it moist during cooking （烹调时 往肉等上）浇油脂、汁液等（以保持滋润）. bastinado / 9bAstI5nB:dEU, -5neId-; 9bAstE`nedo/ n (pl ~s) beating with a stick on the soles of the feet 笞跖刑（用棍棒打脚掌）. bastinado v. [Tn] punish or torture (sb) by beating in this way （对某人）施以笞跖刑. bastion / 5bAstIEn; `bAstIEn/ n 1 part of a fortification that projects from the rest 棱堡（防御工事 的凸出部分）. 2 military stronghold near enemy territory 临近敌区的军事据点. 3 (fig 比喻) person or thing defending or protecting sth that is threatened 堡垒; 保护者; 保卫者; 捍卫者: a bastion of democracy, freedom, etc 捍卫民主、自由等的堡垒* `The last bastions of privilege are crumbling,' announced the speaker. 演讲者宣称: ｀特权制度的最后一个堡垒正在崩溃. bat / bAt; bAt/ n 1 small mouse-like animal that flies atnight and feeds on fruit and insects 蝙蝠. =>illus at App 1 见附录1 之插图, page iii. 2 (idm 习语) blind as a bat => blind1. have ,bats in the `belfry (infml 口) be crazy; have strange ideas 古里古怪; 异想天开. like a ,bat out of `hell (infml 口) quickly; at top speed 迅速地; 以最高的速度: He dashed around like a bat out of hell. 他发疯似 的横冲直撞. bat / bAt; bAt/ n 1 (usu wooden) implement of a specified size and shape, and with a handle, used for hitting the ball in games such as cricket, baseball and table tennis ( 板球、棒球、乒乓球等的）球 板、球棒或球拍. =>illus at cricket 见cricket 之插图. 2 = batsman: He's a useful bat. 他是优秀的 击球员. 3 (idm 习语) ,off one's own `bat (infml 口) without help or encouragement from anyone else; unaided 靠自己的力量; 独力的: She made the suggestions off her own bat, ie without being asked for them. 她提这些建议完全是她自己的意思. bat v. (-tt-) 1 [I] (a) use a bat 用球板、球棒、球拍等击球: He bats well. 他是击球能手.(b) have a turn with a bat 轮到执板（或棒、拍）上阵; 轮到击球: Green batted for two hours. 格林执棒两 小时. 2 [Tn, Tn.p] hit (sth) with a bat 用板（或棒、拍）击（某物）: batting a ball about 跑来跑 去击球. `batter n (US) (esp in baseball) person who bats （尤指于棒球赛中）击球手. =>illus at baseball 见baseball 之插图. batsman / -smEn; -smEn/ n (pl -men) player who bats in cricket 板球的击球手: He's a good batsman but a poor bowler. 他击球不错, 但投球不太好. =>illus at cricket 见 cricket 之插图. bat / bAt; bAt/ n (idm 习语) at a rare, surprising, terrific, etc `bat (infml 口) at a fast, etc speed 以极 快的、惊人的、吓人的速度. bat / bAt; bAt/ v (-tt-) (idm 习语) not bat an `eyelid (infml 口) not show any surprise or feelings 不 露声色; 处之泰然: The condemned man listened to his sentence without batting an eyelid. 那被定罪 的人木无表情地听著对他的宣判. batch / bAtF; bAtF/ n 1 number of loaves, cakes, etc baked together （面包、糕饼等的）一炉: baked in batches of twenty 以二十个为一炉烘烤的. 2 number of people or things dealt with as a group （人或物的）一批: a new batch of recruits for the army 一批新兵* a batch of letters to be answered 待覆的一批信件. 3 (computing 计) set of jobs that are processed together by a computer with no input from individual terminals （计算机在终端停止输入的情况下汇集处理的）成批作业: [attrib 作定语] a batch run 成批处理. batch processing ( computing 计) system of processing a batch of jobs as a group 成批处理的程 序. bated / 5beItId; `betId/ adj (idm 习语) with ,bated `breath holding one's breath anxiously or excitedly 因焦急或兴奋而屏住气息: We waited with bated breath for the winner to be announced. 我们屏住 呼吸等待宣布获胜者的姓名. bath / bB:W; ?@ bAW; bAW/ n (pl ~s/ bB:Tz; ?@ bTz; bATz/) 1 [C] washing of the whole body, esp when sitting or lying in water 洗澡; 沐浴: I shall have a hot bath and go to bed. 我要去洗个热水澡, 然后睡觉. * He takes a cold bath every morning. 他每天早晨都洗冷水澡. 2 [C] (a) (also `bath-tub, tub) large, usu oblong, container for water in which a person sits to have a bath 澡盆; 浴缸. (b) water placed in this ready for use 洗澡水: Please run a bath for me. 请给我放一盆洗澡水. * Your bath is ready. 洗澡水给你准备好了. 3 [C] (container for) liquid in which sth is washed or dipped in chemical and industrial processes 化学及工业生产过程中用以洗涤或浸泡某物的液体; 盛此液体 的容器: an `oil bath, eg for parts of machinery 油槽（如用于浸洗机器零件的）* a bath of red dye 红染缸. 4 baths [pl] (a) (Brit) an indoor public swimming-pool 室内公共游泳池: heated swimming-baths 加温的室内公共游泳池. (b) building where baths may be taken 澡堂; 浴室: Turkish `baths 土耳其式浴室. 5 (idm 习语) throw the baby out with the bath water => baby. bath v. (Brit) 1 [Tn] give a bath to (sb/sth) 给（某人）洗澡; 清洗（某物）: bath the baby 给婴 儿洗澡. 2 [I] take a bath 洗澡: I bath every night. 我每晚洗澡. bath mat small absorbent mat for a person to stand on after getting out of a bath 浴室脚垫（出浴后使用的有吸 水性能的小脚垫）. bathrobe (also robe) n. 1 loose, usu towelling, garment worn before and after taking a bath 浴衣 （浴前浴后穿用的宽松服装, 通常用毛巾布料缝制）. 2 (US) = dressing-gown (dressing). bathroom n. 1 (Brit sometimes euph 有时作委婉语) room in which there is a bath (and also usu a wash-basin and sometimes a toilet) 浴室; 盥洗室; 洗手间: Go and wash your hands in the bathroom. 去盥洗室把手洗乾净. 2 (US) (room with a) toilet 抽水马桶; （有抽水马桶的）厕所: I need to go to the bathroom. 我要上厕所. =>Usage at toilet 用法见 CHIN>toilet. bath-tub n. = bath 2. bath chair / 9bB:W 5tFeE(r); `bAW9tFZr/ type of wheelchair for an invalid 伤残人使用的一种轮椅. bathe / beIT; beT/ v 1 [Tn] apply water to (sth); soak in water 用水洗（某物）; 用水浸泡: The doctor told him to bathe his eyes twice a day. 医生叫他每天洗眼两次. * The nurse bathed the wound. 护士冲洗伤口. 2 [I] (esp Brit) go swimming in the sea, a river, a lake, etc for enjoyment 去海里、 河里、湖里等游泳以娱情: On hot days we often bathe/go bathing in the river. 天热时我们常在河里 [去河里]游泳. bathe n. (esp sing 尤作单数) (esp Brit) action of swimming in the sea, etc （在海里等）游泳: It's a sunny day. Let's go for a bathe. 今天天气晴朗, 咱们游泳去吧. bathed adj. [pred 作表语] ~ in/with sth wet or bright all over with sth 全被某物弄湿; 全被某物照 亮: Her face was bathed in tears. 她泪流满面. * After the match, I was bathed with sweat. 比赛之后 我汗流浃背. * The countryside was bathed in brilliant sunshine. 这一带乡村沐浴在阳光里. bather / 5beITE(r); `beTL/ n. bathing / 5beITIN; `beTIN/ n [U] (esp Brit) action of going into the sea, etc to bathe （到江河湖海等 处）游泳: She's fond of bathing. 她喜欢游泳. * Bathing prohibited! ie Swimming, etc is not allowed here, eg because it would be unsafe. 禁止游泳（因不安全）! bathing-cap n. close-fitting rubber cap worn over the hair while swimming 游泳帽. bathing-costume (also bathing-suit) n. (Brit becoming dated 渐旧) = swimming-costume (swim). bathos / 5beIWCs; `beWBs/ n [U] sudden change (in writing or speech) from what is deeply moving or important to what is foolish or trivial; anticlimax 突降（指在文章或讲话中, 从精采动人或意义 重大的内容突然转入荒谬或平淡的内容）; 突降法（从高潮突然降为低潮的修辞法）. bathysphere / 5bAWIsfIE(r); `bAWI9sfIr/ n large, strongly built, hollow sphere that can be lowered deep into the sea (usu for observing marine life) 探海球, 潜水球（为一坚固的大型球形结构, 可潜 入深海中, 通常用于观察海洋生物）. batik / bE5ti:k, also 5bAtIk; `bEtik, `bAtIk/ n 1 [U] method of printing coloured designs on cloth by waxing the parts that are not to be dyed 蜡防印花法. 2 [C] material dyed in this way 用蜡防印花 法印染的花布: [attrib 作定语] a batik dress 用蜡防印花布做的连衣裙. batiste / bA5ti:st, also bE5t-; bA`tist, bE`t-/ n [U] fine thin linen or cotton cloth 上等细亚麻布或细薄 棉布. batman / 5bAtmEn; `bAtmEn/ n (pl -men/ -mEn;-mEn/) (Brit) soldier who acts as an army officer's personal servant 勤务兵; 传令兵. baton / 5bAtn, 5bAtCn; ?@ bE5tCn; bE`tBn/ n 1 = truncheon: [attrib 作定语] a baton charge, ie one made by police, etc armed with batons to drive a crowd back 持警棍出击（警察等用警棍驱退群众）. 2 short thin stick used by the conductor of a band or orchestra （乐队指挥所用的）指挥棒. 3 short stick that indicates a certain rank （表示官阶的）权杖: a Field-Marshal's baton 陆军元帅的司令杖. 4 short stick carried and handed on in a relay race （接力赛跑用的）接力棒. 5 decorative stick held and twirled by drum majors, etc （军乐队指挥所用的装饰性的）指挥棒. bats / bAts; bAts/ adj [pred 作表语] (infml 口) (esp of people) mad; eccentric （尤指人）发疯, 反 常. Cf 参看 batty. battalion / bE5tAlIEn; bE`tAljEn/ n (abbr 缩写Bn) army unit composed of several companies and forming part of a regiment or brigade 营（陆军单位）. batten / 5bAtn; `bAtn/ n 1 long board, esp one used to keep other boards in place, or to which other boards are nailed 板条（尤指用以固定其他板材或将其他板材钉于其上者）. 2 (on a ship) strip of wood or metal used to fasten down covers or tarpaulins over a hatch 压条（船上用以扣紧舱口盖或 舱盖布的木条或金属条）. batten v. [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (down) (esp on a ship) fasten sth securely with battens （尤指船上）用压 条固定住某物: batten down the hatches, eg when a storm is expected 封住舱口（如风暴快来时）. batten / 5bAtn; `bAtn/ v (phr v) batten on sb/sth (esp derog 尤作贬义) thrive or live well at the expense of sb/sth, or so as to injure sb/sth 损及某人[某事物]以自肥: She avoided having to work by battening on her rich relatives. 她仗著她那些有钱的亲戚而不必工作, 得以坐享清福. batter / 5bAtE(r); `bAtL/ v 1 [Ipr, Ip, Tn] ~ at/on sth hit (sb/sth) hard and often 接连猛击（某人[某 物]）: He kept battering (away) at the door. 他接连不断地砸门. * battered babies/wives, ie ones that suffer repeated violence from parents/husbands 受虐的幼儿[妻子]. 2 (phr v) batter sth down flatten sth by hitting it repeatedly 不断打击某物使之倒下: Let's batter the door down. 咱们把这门砸掉吧. batter sth to sth cause sth to become a specified shape by hitting it hard and often 经常猛力打击使某 物变成某状: The huge waves battered the wrecked ship to pieces. 巨浪将那艘失事的船只冲击得支 离破碎. * The victim's face was battered to a pulp. 受害者的脸打得血肉模糊. battered adj. out of shape because of age, regular use or frequent accidents 由于年久、经常使用或 事故频仍等原因而走样的: a battered old hat 一顶破旧不堪的帽子* Your car looks rather battered. 你的汽车看上去破破烂烂的. battering-ram n. large heavy log with an iron head formerly used in war for breaking down walls, etc 攻城槌（为一端带有铁头的巨型沉重圆木, 旧时于战争中用以攻破城墙等）. batter / 5bAtE(r); `bAtL/ n [U] beaten mixture of flour, eggs, milk, etc for cooking （为烹调而将面 粉、蛋、奶等搅拌成的）糊状物: fish fried in batter 蘸面糊煎的鱼 * pancake batter 做薄煎饼的 面糊. battery / 5bAtErI; `bAtErI/ n 1 [C] portable container of a cell or cells for supplying electricity 电池; 电池组; 电瓶: a `car battery 汽车用的蓄电池* a `torch battery 手电筒用的电池 * This pocket calculator needs two batteries. 这个袖珍计算器需用两节乾电池. =>illus at App 1 见附录1, page xii. 2 [C] (a) group of big guns on a warship or on land 军舰上的炮组; 陆地上的炮台. (b) army unit consisting of big guns, with men and vehicles 炮兵连（由大炮、炮兵及车辆组成）. 3 [C] large and often confusing set of similar tools, instruments, etc used together （同类用具、器物等的）一套, 一组: a battery of lights 一组灯 * (fig 比喻) She faced a battery of questions. 她面临一连串的问 题. 4 [C] series of cages in which hens, etc are kept (to make them lay more eggs or grow fatter) 养 鸡房（养鸡等用的成排鸡笼, 可使母鸡多产蛋或育肥）: [attrib 作定语] a battery hen 养鸡房饲养 的母鸡 * battery eggs 养鸡场产的蛋. Cf 参看 free-range (free)1). 5 [U] (law 律) unlawfully hitting sb or touching him or his clothes threateningly 殴打. 6 (idm 习语) recharge one's batteries => recharge. battery farm farm where large numbers of hens are kept in batteries 养鸡场. ,battery `farming. battle / 5bAtl; `bAtl/ n 1 [C, U] fight, esp between organized armed forces 战斗; 战役; 交战: a fierce battle 激烈的战斗* the battle of Waterloo 滑铁卢战役* go out to battle 奔赴战场* die in battle 阵亡. 2 [C] (fig 比喻) any contest or struggle 争斗; 斗争: a battle of words, wits 一场舌 战、智斗* Their whole life was a constant battle against poverty. 他们一生都在不断地与贫穷作斗 争. 3 (idm 习语) do battle (with sb) (about sth) fight or argue fiercely (with sb) (about sth) （为某 事）（与某人）激烈斗争或争论. fight a losing battle => fight1. give `battle (dated 旧) show that one is ready to fight 挑战. half the battle an important or the most important part of achieving sth 实现某目 的至关重要的部分: When you're ill, wanting to get well again is often half the battle. 生病时, 有决 心把病治好往往是最为重要的. join battle => join. battle v. [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (with/against sb/sth) (for sth); ~ (on) struggle 斗争; 搏斗; 奋斗: battling against ill health 与病魔作斗争* They battled with the wind and the waves. 他们与风浪搏斗. * I'm battling with my employers for a pay-rise. 我正向雇主力争增加工资. * Progress is slow but we keep battling on. 进展虽慢, 但是我们在继续奋斗. battleaxe n. (a) (formerly) heavy axe with a long handle, used as a weapon 战斧（旧时用作武器的 长柄重斧）. (b) (infml derog 口, 贬) unpleasantly domineering (usu older) woman （通常指较年长 的）悍妇, 母老虎. battle-cruiser n. large warship, faster and lighter than a battleship 战列巡洋舰（一种比战列舰速度 快、吨位轻的大军舰）. battle-cry n. (a) (esp formerly) rallying cry used in battle （尤指旧时）战斗呐喊. (b) (fig 比喻) slogan or rallying cry of a group of people fighting for the same cause （为共同事业而斗争的人们所 用的）标语或口号. battledress n. [U] soldier's uniform of blouse and trousers 野战服装. battlefield, battleground ns place where a battle is or was fought 战场. battleship n. large warship with big guns and heavy armour 战列舰. battlements / 5bAtlmEnts; `bAtlmEnts/ n [pl] (flat roof of a tower or castle surrounded by) low walls with openings at intervals made for shooting through 雉堞; 城垛. =>illus at castle 见castle 之插图. batty / 5bAtI; `bAtI/ adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) (of people, ideas, etc) crazy; slightly mad （指人、思 想等）疯狂的, 稍反常的. Cf 参看 bats. bauble / 5bR:bl; `bRbl/ n (usu derog 通常作贬义) showy ornament of little value 华而不实的装饰 品. baulk = balk. bauxite / 5bR:ksaIt; `bRksaIt/ n [U] clay-like substance from which aluminium is obtained 铝土岩, 铝矾土（炼铝的原料）. bawdy / 5bR:dI; `bRdI/ adj (-ier, -iest) amusing in a coarse or indecent way （以粗俗或下流的方式） 娱人的: bawdy jokes, stories, etc 淫猥的笑话、故事等. bawdily adv. bawdiness n. [U]. bawdy n. [U] (dated 旧) bawdy talk or stories 淫猥的话或故事. bawl / bR:l; bRl/ v 1 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (out) shout or cry loudly 大叫; 大喊: That baby has been bawling for hours. 那婴儿已经大声哭叫了几小时. * He bawled at me across the street. 他在街道的另一边冲著我大喊. * We bawled for help but no one heard us. 我们大声求援可 是无人听见. * The sergeant bawled (out) a command (to his men). 那个中士（向士兵）大声发令. 2 (phr v) ,bawl sb `out (esp US infml 口) scold sb severely 严厉呵责某人. bay / beI; be/ (also `bay-tree) n laurel with dark green leaves and purple berries 月桂树（长有深绿色 树叶和紫色浆果）. bay-leaf n. (pl -leaves) dried leaf of the bay-tree, spicy when crushed, used as seasoning in cooking 月桂树的乾树叶（压榨时有香味, 可作烹饪的调味品）. bay / beI; be/ n part of the sea, or of a large lake, enclosed by a wide curve of the shore 海湾; 湖湾: the Bay of Bengal 孟加拉湾* Hudson Bay 哈得孙湾. bay / beI; be/ n 1 (a) one of a series of compartments in a building, a structure or an area, esp one designed for storing things, parking vehicles, etc 建筑物、构架或区域内的分隔空间（尤指用于贮 物、停放车辆等的）: a `parking bay 停车房* Put the equipment in No 3 bay. 把这设备放在第三 号储藏间里. (b) (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) any special compartment or area 任何有专 门用途的隔间或区域: the `bomb-bay, ie the compartment in the fuselage of an aircraft where bombs are carried * the `sick-bay, ie part of a ship, building, school, etc set aside for the care of the sick or the injured. 2 recess in a room or building （房间或其他建筑物的）凹进处. bay window window, usu with glass on three sides, projecting from an outside wall 凸窗（向墙外突出, 通常三面 有玻璃的窗户）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1 之插图, page vi. bay / beI; be/ n 1 deep bark, esp of hounds while hunting 低沉的吠声（尤指猎犬行猎时发出的）. 2 (idm 习语) at `bay (esp of a hunted animal) forced to face its attackers and show defiance because unable to escape （尤指被追猎的动物）被迫作困兽之斗; 狗急跳墙. bring sb/sth to `bay force (a fleeing enemy, a hunted animal, etc) into a position from which escape is impossible （将逃跑的敌 人、追猎的动物等）逼到绝路上. hold/keep sb at `bay prevent (an enemy, pursuers, etc) from coming near 不让（敌人、追逐者等）逼近: I'm trying to keep my creditors at bay. 我竭力躲避债主. bay v. [I] (esp of hounds, etc) bark with a deep note （尤指猎犬等）低沉地吠叫: the baying cry of a wolf 狼的低沉吼叫声. bay / beI; be/ n, adj (horse) of a reddish-brown colour 红棕色的（马）: riding a big bay (mare) 骑著 红棕色的大（母）马. bayonet / 5beIEnIt; `beEnIt/ n dagger-like blade that can be fixed to the muzzle of a rifle and used in hand-to-hand fighting 枪刺; 刺刀. bayonet / 5beIEnIt, also 9beIE5net; `beEnIt/ v [Tn] stab (sb/sth) with a bayonet 用枪刺刺（某人[某 物]）: bayoneted to death 被枪刺刺死. bayou / 5baIu:; `baIu/ n (in the southern USA) slow-moving marshy part of a river away from the main stream （美国南部的）长沼. bazaar / bE5zB:(r); bE`zBr/ n 1 (in eastern countries) group of shops or stalls or part of a town where these are （东方国家的）市场, 城市的商业区. 2 (in Britain, USA, etc) (place where there is a) sale of goods to raise money for charitable purposes （英、美等国）（为慈善事业筹集款项的）义卖, 义 卖市场: a church bazaar 教会主持的义卖. bazooka / bE5zu:kE; bE`zukE/ n portable weapon used for launching anti-tank rockets （便携式）反 坦克火箭筒. BBC / 9bi: bi: 5si:; 9bi bi `si/ abbr 缩写= British Broad-casting Corporation 英国广播公司: listen to the BBC 收听英国广播公司的节目* BBC English, ie a form of English with a high standard of correctness BBC 英语（高度纯正的英语）. Cf 参看 IBA, ITV. BBFC / 9bi: bi: ef 5si:; 9bi bi Zf `si/ abbr 缩写= British Board of Film Censors 英国电影审查局. BC / 9bi: 5si:; 9bi `si/ abbr 缩写 = 1 Before Christ 公元前: in (the year) 2000 BC 在公元前2000 年. Cf 参看AD. 2 British Council (a government-sponsored organization for the promotion of English language and culture in other countries) 英国文化协会. be / bI; bI; strong form 强读式bi:; bi/ v =>Usage at be2 用法见be2. 1 (used after there and before a/an, no, some, etc+ n 用于there 之后及a/an 、no、some 等+名词之前) (a) exist; occur; live 有; 存 在; 生存: Is there a God? 有上帝吗? * For there to be life there must be air and water. 一定要有空 气和水才有生命. * There are no easy answers. 现成的答案是没有的. * There are many such people. 这样的人多的是. * Once upon a time there was a princess. 从前有一个公主. * There have been cows in that field since my grandfather's time. 从我祖父那时候起, 那片地上就养著牛. (b) be present; stand 在; 在场: There's a bus-stop down the road 路的前方有一个公共汽车站. (Cf 参看 The bus-stop is down the road.) There were no books on the shelf. 书架上没有书. * There are some good photographs in this exhibition. 这一展览会上有些好照片. 2 (with an adv or a prepositional phrase indicating position in space or time 与表示地点或时间的副词或介词短语连用) (a) be situated 位于; 处于: The lamp is on the table. 灯在桌子上. * The stable is a mile away. 马房距此 一英里远. * Mary's upstairs. 玛丽在楼上. * John's out in the garden. 约翰在外面花园里. * They are on holiday in the Lake District. 他们在英格兰湖区度假. (b) happen; occur; take place 发生; 产 生; 举行: The party is after work. 聚会在下班后举行. * The election was on Monday. 选举是在星 期一进行的. * The concert will be in the school hall. 音乐会将在学校的礼堂内举行. * The meetings are on Tuesdays and Thursdays in the main hall. 会议在星期二和星期四于大礼堂举行. (c) remain 停留; 逗留; 待: She has been in her room for hours. 她在自己的房间里待了几个小时. * They're here till Christmas. 他们在这里要一直逗留到圣诞节. (d) attend; be present 出席; 到场: Were you at church yesterday? 昨天你去过教堂吗? * I'll be at the party. 我参加这个聚会. 3 (with an adv or a prepositional phrase indicating direction, a starting point, etc 与副词或介词短语连用表 示方向、起点等) leave; arrive 离开; 到达: I'll be on my way very soon. 我很快就要上路. * She's from Italy, ie Her native country is Italy. 她是意大利人（她? be / bI; bI; strong form 强读式bi:; bi/ aux v =>Usage 见所附用法1 (used with a past participle to form the passive 与过去分词连用构成被动语态): He was killed in the war. 他阵亡了. * Where were they made? 这些东西是在哪里制造的? * The thief was caught. 窃贼被捉住了. * The house is/was being built. 那房屋正在[那时正在]建造. * You will be severely punished if you do not obey. 你不服从, 就会受到严惩. 2 (used with present participles to form continuous tenses 与现在分词 连用构成进行时态): They are/were reading. 他们正在[那时正在]阅读. * I am studying Chinese. 我 正在学习汉语. * I shall be seeing him soon. 我不久就会见到他了. * What have you been doing this week? 你这星期以来在干什麽? * I'm always being criticized. 我总是挨批. 3 (with to + infinitive 与to+不定式连用) (a) (expressing duty, necessity, etc 表示责任、需要等): I am to (ie I have been told to) inform you that... 我有义务（我受人之托）通知你... * You are to report (ie must, should report) to the police. 你应该报警. (b) (expressing arrangement, intention or purpose 表示安排、意向 或目的): They are to be married, ie will be married. 他们打算结婚. * Each participant was to pay his own expenses. 每个参加者都必须自费. * The telegram was to say that she'd be late. 电报说她可能 晚到. (c) (expressing possibility 表示可能性): The book was not to be (ie could not be) found. 那本 书找不到了. (d) (expressing destiny 表示注定): He was never to see his wife again, ie Although he did not know it at the time, he did not see her again. 他从那以后就再也见不到他的妻子了. * The celebrations were not to be, ie They did not, in fact, take place. 庆祝活动结果未能举行. (e) (only in the form were, expressing supposition 仅用were 这一形式, 表示假设): If I were to tell you/Were I to tell you that I killed him, would you believe me? 假如我对你说是我杀死了他, 你相信吗? * If it were to rain, we would have to cancel the match tomorrow. 假如下雨, 我们只好取消明天的比赛. be NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Be is used as a main verb (be1) and as an auxiliary verb (be2). *be 可 用作主要动词(be1), (be2). The various written and spoken forms are the same for both verbs 两 者的各种书面语和口语形式均相同: am (pres t with I)/ Em, m;m/, strong form/ m; Am/; written contraction I'm/ aIm; aIm/; negative question aren't I?/ 5B:ntaI; ?@ 5B:rEntaI; Brnt aI/. *am （现在时 态与I/ Em, m; m/, 强读式/m; Am/; 书写缩约式I'm/ aIm; aIm/; 否定疑问式 aren't I?/ 5B:ntaI; 美式 5B:rEntaI; Brnt aI/. *is (pres t with he, she, it)/ s, z; s, z/, strong form/ Iz; Iz/; written contractions it's/ Its; Its/, Jack's/ dVks; dVAks/, he's/hi:z, hIz; hIz/, she's/ Fi:z, FIz; FIz/, the cow's/ TE kaUz; TE`kaJz/; negative isn't/ 5Iznt; `Iznt/. *is （现在时态与hesheit 连用）/s, z; s, z/, 强读式/ Iz; Iz/; 书写缩约式it's/ Its; Its/, Jack's/ dVks; dVAks/, he's/ hi:z, hIz; hIz/,she's/ Fi:z, FIz; FIz/, the cow's/ TE kaUz; TE `kaJz/; 否定式isn't/ 5Iznt; `Iznt/. *are (pres t with you, we, they)/E(r); L/ , strong form/ B:(r); Br/; written contractions we're/ wIE(r); wIr/, you're/ jUE(r), jR:(r); jJr/, they're/TeE(r); Ter/; negative aren't/ B:nt; ?@ 5B:rEnt; Brnt/. *are （现在时态与youwethey 连用）/E(r); L/ , 强读式/ B:(r); Br/; 书写缩约式we're/ wIE(r); wIr/, you're/jUE(r), jR:(r); jJr/, they're/ TeE(r); Ter/; 否定式 aren't/ B:nt; 美式5B:rEnt; Brnt/. *was (pt with I, he, she, it)/wEz; wEz/, strong form/ wCz; ?@ wQz; wQz/; negative wasn't/ 5wCznt; ?@ 5wQznt; `wQznt/. *was （过去时态与Ihesheit 连用）/wEz; wEz/, 强 读式/ wCz; 美式 wQz; wQz/; 否定式 wasn't/ 5wCznt; 美式5wQznt; `wQznt/.*were (pt with you, we, they)/ wE(r); wL/, strong form/w\:(r); w[/; negative weren't/ w\:nt; ?@ 5w\:rEnt; w[nt/.*were （过 去时态与 you we they 连用）/wE(r); wL/, 强读式/ w\:(r); w[/; 否定式 weren't/ w\:nt; 美式 5w\:rEnt; w[nt/. *being (pres p)/ 5bi:IN; `biIN/. *being/ 5bi:IN; `biIN/. *been (pp)/ bi:n; ?@ also bIn; bIn/. *been （过去分词）/bi:n; 美式 bIn; bIn/. be- pref. 前缀1 (with vs and adjs ending in -ed 与动词和以-ed 结尾的形容词结合) all around; all over 全面; 到处: besmear * bedeck * bejewelled. 2 (with ns and adjs forming transitive vs 与名 词和形容词结合, 构成及物动词) make or treat as 使; 视为: befriend * belittle. 3 (with intransitive vs forming transitive vs 与不及物动词结合, 构成及物动词): bemoan * bewail. beach / bi:tF; bitF/ n 1 stretch of sand or pebbles along the edge of the sea or a lake; shore between high and low water mark 海滩; 湖滩; 滩地: holiday-makers sunbathing on the beach 在沙滩上作 日光浴的度假者. =>illus at coast 见coast 之插图. 2 (idm 习语) not the only pebble on the beach => pebble.Usage at coast1 用法见 coast1. beach v. [Tn] bring (esp a boat or ship) on shore from out of the water （尤指船只）从水中推或拖 至岸上. beach-ball n. large lightweight inflated ball for games on the beach 沙滩球（供海滩游戏用的大而 轻的充气球）. beach buggy small motor vehicle used for racing on beaches, waste ground, etc 沙滩车（在海滩、荒地等处使用 的小型机动赛车）. beachcomber / -kEUmE(r); -9komL/ n 1 person without a regular job who lives by selling whatever he can find on beaches 海滩游民（无固定工作, 以在海滩捡破烂为生的人）. 2 long wave rolling in from the sea （涌向海滩的）长形巨浪. beach-head n. strong position on a beach established by an army which has just landed and is preparing to advance and attack （部队登陆后准备进攻时所建的）滩头阵地. Cf 参看 bridgehead (bridge1). beachwear n. [U] clothes for swimming, sunbathing, playing games, etc on the beach 海滩装（在海 滩游泳、进行日光浴、游戏等时穿的服装）. beacon / 5bi:kEn; `bikEn/ n 1 fire lit on a hilltop as a signal 烽火. 2 (a) light fixed on rocks or on the coast to warn or guide ships, or on a mountain, tall building, etc to warn aircraft 灯塔; 灯标. (b) flashing light on an airfield for the guidance of pilots （飞机场上指示飞机起降的）闪光灯. 3 signal station such as a lighthouse （灯塔之类的）信号站. 4 radio station or transmitter whose signal helps ships and aircraft to discover their position （帮助航船和飞行器确定位置的）无线电台或发射台. 5 (Brit) = Belisha beacon. Belisha beacon / bE5li:FE; bE`liFE/ (also beacon) (Brit) post with an orange flashing light on top, marking a pedestrian crossing 人行横道指示灯（为橘黄色闪光灯）. beadle / 5bi:dl; `bidl/ n (Brit) 1 officer helping in certain church or college ceremonies （某些教会 或学校的礼仪活动的）助理员. 2 (formerly) parish officer who helped the priest by keeping order in church, giving money to the poor, etc （旧时教区中协助牧师维持教堂秩序、向穷人发放赈济款等 的）助理员. beady / 5bi:dI; `bidI/ adj (of eyes) small, round and bright like beads （指眼睛）小而圆, 晶亮如珠子 的: Not much escapes our teacher's beady eye, ie Our teacher sees almost everything. 任何事都很难 逃过我们老师那明亮的眼睛. beagle / 5bi:gl; `bi-l/ n small short-legged dog used for hunting hares 猎兔狗（猎兔用的一种短腿小 猎狗）. beagling / 5bi:glIN; `bi-lIN/ n [U] hunting on foot with beagles 带著猎兔狗徒步行猎. beak / bi:k; bik/ n 1 hard horny part of a bird's mouth 鸟喙. =>illus at App 1 见附录1 之插图, page iv. 2 anything shaped like this, esp a hooked nose 鸟喙形状的任何物体; （尤指）鹰钩鼻子. beaked / bi:kt; bikt/ adj (usu in compounds 通常用以构成复合词) having a beak (of the specified type) （鸟嘴或鸟嘴形物）有某种嘴的: long-beaked. beak / bi:k; bik/ n (Brit sl 俚) magistrate 地方执法官: brought up before the beak 被告到官府. beaker / 5bi:kE(r); `bikL/ n 1 open glass container with a lip for pouring, used in chemistry laboratories 烧杯. 2 tall narrow cup for drinking, often without a handle 细高的杯（常无柄）: a beaker of coffee from the drinks machine 取自饮料机的一杯咖啡. beam / bi:m; bim/ n 1 long piece of wood, metal, concrete, etc, usu horizontal and supported at both ends, that carries the weight of part of a building or some other structure 梁. 2 (a) any of the horizontal cross-timbers of a ship, joining the sides and supporting the deck 船梁（船上连接两舷并 支撑甲板的横木）. (b) breadth of a ship at its widest part 船宽（船身最宽部分的距离）. 3 horizontal bar of weighing-scales from which the pans hang 衡器上悬吊秤盘的横杆. =>illus at scale 见scale 之插图. 4 ray or stream of light or other radiation (eg from a lamp or a lighthouse, the sun or the moon) （灯、灯塔、日月等的）光线、光束或其他射线: the beam of the torch, searchlight, etc 手 电筒、探照灯等的光束* The car's headlights were on full beam, ie not dipped to avoid dazzling other drivers. 那辆汽车的前大灯都开著（未能为防止将其他司机眼睛照花而放低前大灯）. 5 bright and happy look or smile 欢快的表情; 微笑: a beam of pleasure 一丝笑容. 6 series of radio or radar signals used to guide ships or aircraft （为船只或飞行器导航的无线电或雷达的）信号流. 7 (idm 习语) broad in the beam => broad1. off (the) `beam (infml 口) mistaken; wrong 错误的; 不 对: Your calculation is way off beam. 你的计算大错特错. on the `beam (infml 口) on the right track; correct 正确的; 对. beam v. 1 (a) [I] (of the sun, etc) send out light and warmth （指太阳等）发光, 发热. (b) [I, Ipr] ~ (at sb) smile happily and cheerfully 愉快地微笑: The winner beamed with satisfaction. 获胜者满意 地笑了. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to...) (from...) broadcast (a message, television programme, etc) 播送 （消息、电视节目等）: The World Cup Final was beamed live from Britain to Japan. 世界杯决赛从 英国向日本作了实况转播. beam-ends n. [pl] (idm 习语) on her beam-ends (of a ship) lying over to one side; almost capsizing （指船）向一边倾斜; 几乎翻船. on one's beam-ends (of a person) with very little money left; almost destitute （指人）经济拮据; 几乎一无所有. bean / bi:n; bin/ n 1 (a) smooth, usu kidney-shaped, seed, used as a vegetable 豆子: ,broad `beans 蚕豆* `kidney beans 菜豆* `soya beans 大豆* ,haricot `beans 扁豆. (b) any of the various plants that bear these seeds in long pods 豆科植物. (c) pod containing such seeds, which is itself eaten as a vegetable 豆荚（可食用）:,runner `beans 红花菜豆. 2 similar seed of other plants, eg cocoa or coffee 其他植物的豆状果实（如可可豆或咖啡豆）. 3 (idm 习语) full of beans/life => full. a hill of beans => hill. know how many beans make five => know. not have a `bean (infml 口) have no money 不名一文. spill the beans => spill1. beanfeast (also beano) n. (dated Brit infml 旧, 口) merry celebration or party 喜庆; 喜宴. beanpole n. (infml 口) tall thin person 瘦高个子. bean sprouts sprouts of young bean seeds often eaten uncooked, esp in Chinese dishes 豆芽. soya bean / 5sRIE bi:n; `sRIE 9bin/ (also esp US soy bean/ 5sRI bi:n; `sRI 9bin/) n type of bean (originally from SE Asia) rich in protein, grown for food and used esp as a substitute for meat 大豆: a casserole made with soya beans 大豆焙盘 * [attrib 作定语] soya oil, ie extracted from soya beans 豆油* soya flour 大豆粉* soya milk, ie milk substitute made from processed soya beans 豆浆. soya sauce (also soy sauce) dark brown sauce made by fermenting soya beans in salty water, used in oriental cooking 酱油: adding soy sauce to the stir-fried vegetables 炒蔬菜中加酱油. beano / 5bi:nEU; `bino/ n (pl ~s) (dated Brit infml 旧, 口) = beanfeast (bean). bear / beE(r); bZr/ n 1 large heavy animal with thick fur 熊: polar bear 北极熊* grizzly bear 大灰 熊. =>illus 见插图. 2 rough or ill-mannered person 粗鲁的或横蛮的人. 3 (finance 财) person who sells stocks, shares, etc, hoping to buy them back at lower prices 出售自己的证券、股票等, 希 望以较低价格购回的人; 股票看跌的人: [attrib 作定语] a `bear market, ie a situation in which share prices are falling rapidly 卖空的市场（股票价格急剧跌落的行情）. Cf 参看 bull1 3. 4 (idm 习语) a bear garden place or meeting at which there is much rough or noisy behaviour 嘈杂喧闹的场 所或会议. like a ,bear with a sore `head (infml 口) irritable; bad-tempered 易怒的; 脾气坏的: When he's just woken up he's like a bear with a sore head. 他刚睡醒时, 非常暴躁. bearish / 5beErIF; `bZrIF/ adj 1 rough or bad-tempered 粗暴的; 脾气坏的. 2 (finance 财) characterized by or causing a fall in the price of stocks 以证券价格下跌为特徵的; 引起证券价格下 跌的: a bearish market 刮跌风的证券交易市场. Cf 参看 bullish (bull1). bear-hug n. powerful tight embrace 紧紧的搂抱. bearskin n. 1 fur of a bear 熊皮: [attrib 作定语] a bearskin rug 熊皮地毯. 2 tall hat of black fur worn by British guardsmen （英国卫兵戴的）黑皮高帽. bear / beE(r); bZr/ v (pt bore/ bR:(r); bRr/, pp borne/bR:n; bRrn/) 1 [Tn] show (sth); carry visibly; display 显示（某事物）; 明显地带有; 表现: The document bore his signature. 这份文件有他的签 字. * The ring bears an inscription. 这个戒指上刻有字. * The coach bears the royal coat of arms. 这 辆大马车上有王室的盾形纹章. * I saw a tombstone bearing the date 1602. 我见到一块刻有1602 年字样的墓碑. * He was badly wounded in the war and still bears the scars. 他在战争中受了重伤, 现在仍有伤疤. * She bears little resemblance to (ie is not much like) her mother. 她长得不太像她的 母亲. * The title of the essay bore little relation to the contents, ie was not much connected with them. 这篇文章的题目和内容不大相符. 2 [Tn] be known by (sth); have 以（某事物）为人所知; 具有: a family that bore an ancient and honoured name 名门世家* A married woman usually bears her husband's surname. 女子出嫁以后通常随夫姓. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] (dated or fml 旧或文) carry (sb/sth), esp while moving 携带（某人[某物]）（尤指于移动中）: bear a heavy load 负重 * three kings bearing gifts 进贡的三位国王* They bore his body to the tomb. 他们把他的遗体抬到墓地. * The canoe was borne along by the current. 那独木舟顺流而下. =>Usage at carry 用法见 carry. 4 [Tn] (a) support (sb/sth); sustain 支撑（某人[某事物]）; 支持: The ice is too thin to bear your weight. 冰太薄, 承受不住你的重量. (b) take (responsibility, etc) on oneself; shoulder 负起（责任 等）; 肩负: Do the bride's parents have to bear the cost of the wedding? 要由新娘的父母来负担婚礼 所需的费用吗? * The President has to bear the blame. 总统难辞其咎. * He's a carefree fellow who bears his responsibilities lightly. 他是个满不在意不大负责的人. 5 (a) [Tn, Tt, Tg, Tsg] (more informal, with can/could, in negative sentences or questions 多用于口语, 在否定句或疑问句中与 can[could] 连用) endure (sth); tolerate; stand 忍受; 忍耐; 承受: The pain was almost more than he could bear. 这样的痛苦几乎使他受不了. * She bore her sorrow without complaint. 她毫无怨言地 忍受著悲痛. * I can't bear (having) cats in the ho ht to bear on us to finish the work on time. 我们受 到压力, 必须如期完成这项工作. grin and bear it => grin. 12 (phr v) bear sth/sb away/off (dated or fml 旧或文) seize and carry away 捉走; 夺走; 拿走: They bore off several captives. 他们抓走了几 个俘虏. * He bore away (ie won) the first prize. 他夺得（赢得）了头奖. bear down sb/sth overcome or defeat sb/sth 战胜或击败某人[某事物]: bear down the enemy, all resistance 击垮敌人; 镇压一 切反抗. bear `down on sb/sth move quickly and threateningly towards sb/sth 向某人[某事物]迅速逼 近: The angry farmer was bearing down on us. 那个怒气冲冲的农民迅速地向我们逼来. `bear on sth relate to sth; affect sth 与某事物有关; 对某事物有影响: These are matters that bear on the welfare of the community. 这些都是涉及社会福利的问题. bear sb/sth `out support (sb); confirm (sth) 为（某人）作证; 证实（某事物）: The other witnesses will bear me out/bear out what I say. 其他证 人会为我[为我所说的话]作证. bear `up (against/under sth) be strong enough not to despair; cope; manage 不气馁; 对付; 处理: He's bearing up well against all his misfortunes. 他以坚强的意志对 待他所有的不幸. `bear with sb/sth tolerate sb/sth patiently 耐心地忍受某人[某事物]: We must bear with her (ie treat her with sympathy) during this difficult period. 　?i 在此困难时期, 我们对她一定 要忍让（对待她要有同情心）. * If you will bear with me (ie listen patiently to me) a little longer... 请 耐心容我把话说完.... bear NOTE ON USAGE 用法: The verb bear (past participle borne) in the sense of `give birth to' is formal *bear （过去分词为 borne）这一动词作｀生育＇解时较文雅: bear a child 生孩子 * She's borne him six children. 她给他生育了六个孩子. Less formal is 较通俗的说法是: She's had six children. 她生了六个孩? The past participle borne is not used in the passive in this sense. 过去分 词borne 作｀生育＇解时不用被动语态. There is another past participle born, which is used only in the passive voice 另有一过去分词born, 仅用于被动语态: She was born in 1954. 她生于1954 年. * Ten children are born in this hospital every day. 这所医院每天有十个孩子出生. * He was born to/of wealthy parents. 他出生于有钱人家. teddy bear / 5tedI beE(r); `tZdI 9bZr/ soft furry toy bear （软毛）玩具熊. bearable / 5beErEbl; `bZrEbl/ adj that can be endured; tolerable 可忍受的; 经得住的: The climate is bearable. 这种气候尚可忍受. beard / bIEd; bIrd/ n (a) [U, C] hair growing on the chin and the lower cheeks of a man's face （下巴 和面颊下部的）胡须; 络腮胡子: a week's growth of beard 一星期未刮的胡子* Who's that man with the beard? 那个留著大胡子的人是谁? * He has (grown) a beard. 他留著大胡子. =>illus at head 见head 之插图. Cf 参看moustache1,whisker 1. (b) [C] similar hairy growth on an animal or plant （动物的）颔毛; （植物的）芒: a goat's beard 山羊的胡子. bearded adj. having a beard 有胡须的; 有颔毛的; 有芒刺的. beardless adj. having no beard 无胡须的; 无颔毛的; 无芒刺的: a beardless youth, ie an immature young man 嘴下没毛的青年（少不更事的年轻人）. beard / bIEd; bIrd/ v 1 [Tn] defy (sb/sth) openly; oppose bravely 公然反对（某人[某事物]）; 勇敢 地对抗. 2 (idm 习语) beard the lion in his `den visit sb important in order to challenge him, obtain a favour, etc 入狮穴捋狮须（走访某要人以向其提出质询、获得某种好处等）. bearer / 5beErE(r); `bZrL/ n 1 person who brings a letter or message 送信人; 捎信人: I'm the bearer of good news. 我带来了好消息. 2 (a) person employed to carry things, eg equipment on an expedition; porter 脚夫; 搬运工人: A team of African bearers came with us on safari. 有一队非洲脚 夫和我们一起进行狩猎旅行. (b) person who helps to carry a coffin, stretcher, etc （棺材、担架等的） 抬送者. 3 person who has a cheque for payment on demand （即期支票的）持票人: This cheque is payable to the bearer, ie to the person who presents it at a bank. 本支票可兑付给持票人. bearing / 5beErIN; `bZrIN/ n 1 [sing] (a) way of standing, walking, etc; deportment （站立、步行等 的）姿态: a man of soldierly bearing 有军人仪态的人. (b) behaviour 行为; 举止: her dignified bearing throughout the trial 在整个审讯过程中, 她那端庄的举止. 2 [U] ~ on sth relevance to sth 与某事物的关系: What he said had not much bearing on the problem. 他说的话跟这个问题没有多 大关系. 3 bearings [pl] aspects 方面: We must consider the question in all its bearings. 我们应该 考虑到问题的各个方面. 4 [C] direction in degrees as measured from a known position （从一已知 位置测出的）方位（度数）: take a (compass) bearing on the lighthouse （用罗盘）测定灯塔的方 位. 5 [C] device reducing friction in part of a machine where another part turns 轴承: ball-`bearings 滚珠轴承. 6 [C] heraldic emblem 纹章. 7 (idm 习语) get/take one's `bearings find out where one is by recognizing landmarks, etc （藉可辨认的陆标等）确定自己的位置. lose one's bearings => lose. past (all) `bearing no longer to be tolerated 忍无可忍. bearish => bear1. beast / bi:st; bist/ n 1 (dated or fml 旧或文) animal, esp a large four-footed one 动物（尤指大的、 有四条腿的）: all the beasts of the earth 地球上的一切走兽* The lion is called the king of beasts. 狮子被称为百兽之王. 2 (a) brutal or disgusting person 野蛮的人; 令人生厌的人: When he's drunk he's a beast. 他喝醉时很野蛮. * Drink brings out the beast in him, ie emphasizes the brutal part of his nature. 他酒后兽性大发. (b) (infml 口) (used playfully or reproachfully 用以打趣或斥 责) unpleasant person 令人不快的人: Stop tickling me, you beast! 别胳肢我了, 你这讨厌鬼! * Don't be such a beast! 别那麽讨人嫌! beastly adj. 1 like a beast; brutal 野兽般的; 凶残的. 2 (infml 口esp Brit) unpleasant; nasty 使人不愉快的; 恶劣的: What beastly weather! 多麽恶劣的天气! * That's absolutely beastly of him. 那他可太可恶了. adv (infml 口esp Brit) very; extremely 很; 极其: It's beastly cold outside! 外 边冷极了! beast of burden animal, such as a donkey, used for carrying heavy loads on its back 力畜, 役畜, 牲口（如驴）. beat / bi:t; bit/ v (pt beat, pp beaten/ 5bi:tn; `bitn/) 1 [Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] hit (sb/sth) repeatedly, esp with a stick （接连地）打（某人[某物]）（尤指棒打）: Somebody was beating at the door. 有人不停地敲 门. * Who's beating the drum? 谁在敲鼓? * She was beating the carpet/beating the dust out of the carpet, ie removing dust from the carpet by beating it. 她正在敲打地毯[敲打地毯上的灰尘] （以敲打 的方式除尘）. 2 [Cn.a] reduce (sb) to a specified state by hitting repeatedly 把（某人）直打成某 种状况: They beat the prisoner unconscious. 他们把那囚犯打得不省人事. =>Usage at hit1 用法见 hit1. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p, Cn.a] change the shape of (esp metal) by blows; hammer 锤打使（尤指金 属）变形; 用锤敲打: beaten silver 银箔* The gold was beaten (out) into fine strips. 金子被锤成了 细条形. * beat metal flat 把金属锤平. 4 [I, Tn] strike (bushes, undergrowth, etc) to raise game for shooting 击打（灌木、下层林木等）使猎物暴露出来以便射杀之. 5 [Tn, Tn.pr] make (a path, etc) by pressing branches down and walking over them 披荆斩棘开辟（路等）; 踏出（一条路）: a well-beaten path, ie one worn hard by much use 久经践踏的路* The hunters beat a path through the undergrowth. 猎人们开了一条路穿过小树丛. 6 [Ipr] ~ against/on sth/sb (of the rain, sun, wind, etc) strike sth/sb （指雨、日、风等）袭及某物[某人]: Hailstones beat against the window. 冰雹落在窗 户上. * The waves were beating on the shore. 波涛拍岸. 7 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) mix sth vigorously using a fork, whisk, etc （用叉子、打蛋器等）用力搅拌某物: beat the eggs (up) (to a frothy consistency) 打蛋（至起泡的浓度）* beat the flour and milk together 把面粉和牛奶搅拌一 起. 8 (a) [I] (of the heart) expand and contract rhythmically （指心脏）有节奏地舒张与收缩, 跳 动: He's alive his heart is still beating. 他还活著--心脏还在跳. (b) [I] give a rhythmical sound; pulsate 发出有节奏的响声; 脉动: We heard the drums beating. 我们听到了敲鼓的声音. (c) [I, Tn] (cause sth to) move up and down repeatedly; flap （使某物）不停地上下动; 拍动: The birds wings were beating franticall beat sb into/to sth bring sb to a specified state by hitting repeatedly 把某人[某物]直打成某种状况: The children were beaten into submission. 孩子们被打得服服贴贴. * The dog was beaten to death. 那狗被打得一命 呜呼. beat sb/sth off drive sb/sth away by fighting 以战斗驱除某人[某事物]: The attacker/attack was beaten off. 进攻者[进攻]被打退了. beat sth out (a) produce (a rhythm, etc) by drumming 敲击出（节 奏等）: He beat out a tune on a tin can. 他在洋铁罐上敲奏出一支曲子来. (b) extinguish (a fire) by beating 扑灭（火）: We beat the flames out. 我们把火扑灭了. (c) remove sth by striking with a hammer, etc 以锤打等方法除去: beat out the dent in the car's wing 锤平汽车挡泥板上的凹痕. beat sb to... arrive at (a place) before sb 先于某人到达（某处）: I'll beat you to the top of the hill, ie I'll race you and get there first. 我能比你先到山顶. beat sb to it achieve, reach or take sth before sb else 抢先一步; 捷足先登: Scott aimed to get to the South Pole first, but Amundsen beat him to it. 斯科特 原打算第一个到达南极, 但是阿蒙森却已捷足先登. * I was about to take the last cake, but he beat me to it. 我正要去拿那最后一块蛋糕, 而他却抢先拿走了. beat sb up hit, kick or thrash sb severely 狠打、踢或揍某人: He was badly beaten up by a gang of thugs. 他被一帮暴徒打得死去活来. beat adj. [pred 作表语] tired out; exhausted 筋疲力尽; 疲惫不堪: I'm (dead) beat. 我已筋疲力 尽. beating n. 1 hitting repeatedly with a stick, etc, usu as punishment （用棍棒等）接连打（通常作 为惩罚）: givesb/get a good beating 给某人[挨了]一顿痛打. 2 (infml 口) defeat 失败: Our team got a sound beating. 我们队遭到惨败. 3 (idm 习语) take a lot of/some `beating be difficult to surpass 难以超越: She will take some beating, ie It will be difficult to do better than her. 超越她是 不易的（要做得比她好绝非易事）. * His record will take a lot of beating. 他创的纪录很难打破. beat-up adj. (infml 口esp US) worn out; battered 穿破的; 用坏的: a ,beat-up old `car 破旧的汽 车. beat / bi:t; bit/ n 1 stroke (eg on a drum) or regular sequence of strokes; sound of this 敲击（声）（如 击鼓）; 有规律的一连串敲打（声）: We heard the beat of a drum. 我们听见敲鼓的声音. 2 emphasis repeated regularly, marking rhythm in music or poetry; strongly marked rhythm of pop or rock music （音乐或诗歌中形成节奏的）强音拍; （流行音乐或摇滚音乐的）强节奏: The song has a good beat. 这歌曲节奏很强. 3 route along which sb goes regularly; area allocated to a policeman, watchman, etc （某人日常行经的）路线; （警察、看守人等执行任务的）区域: a policeman out on the/his beat 外出到辖区执行巡逻任务的警察. 4 (idm 习语) out of/off one's `beat (infml 口) different from what one usually does; unfamiliar 非自己本行的; 非自己所擅长的. pound the beat => pound3. beater / 5bi:tE(r); `bitL/ n 1 (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) utensil for beating things 打 东西用的器具: a `carpet-beater * an `egg-beater. 2 person employed to drive birds and animals out of the undergrowth towards huntsmen with guns 助猎者（受雇将鸟兽从矮树丛中驱赶至猎人处的 人）. beatific / bIE5tIfIk; 9biE`tIfIk/ adj (fml 文) showing or giving great joy and serenity; blissful 快乐而 安详的; 赐福的; 有福的: a beatific smile 慈祥的笑容. beatifically / -klI; -klI/ adv. beatify / bI5AtIfaI; bI`AtE9faI/ v (pt, pp -fied) [Tn] (of the Pope) honour (a dead person) by stating officially that he or she is in heaven （指教皇）为（死者）行宣福礼（宣布死者已升天）. beatification / bI9AtIfIk5eIFn; bI9AtEfE`keFEn/ n(a) [C] such an official statement 宣福礼. (b) [U] honouring or being honoured in this way 宣福或被宣福. beatitude / bI5AtItju:d; ?@ -tu:d; bI`AtE9tud/ n 1 [U] (fml 文) great happiness; blessedness 至福; 天福. 2 the Beatitudes [pl] (in the Bible) series of eight statements by Christ on blessedness, each beginning `Blessed are...' （《圣经》中）（耶稣所论的）八福（每论的开始都是｀这样的人有福 了...＇）. beatnik / 5bi:tnIk; `bitnIk/ n (dated 旧) (in the 1950's and early 1960's) person behaving and dressing unconventionally as a defiant protest against Western morality and as a means of self-expression ｀垮 掉的一代＇的成员（二十世纪五十年代及六十年代初期, 以怪僻的行为和奇特的装束表示蔑视 西方道德并藉以表现自我的人）. Cf 参看 hippie. beau / bEU; bo/ n (pl ~x/ bEUz; boz/) 1 (US) boy-friend; lover 男友; 情郎. 2 (dated 旧) dandy; fop 花花公子; 纨绔子弟. the beau monde / 9bEU 5mR:nd; bo`mBnd/ fashionable society 上流社会; 时髦的社交界. Beaufort scale / 9bEUfEt 5skeIl; 9bofLt `skel/ scale for measuring wind speed ranging originally from 0 (calm) to 12 (hurricane) 蒲福风级（最初将风速划分为由0-12 即由无风到飓风的等级）: registering 8 on the Beaufort scale 风力为8 级. Beaujolais / 5bEUVEleI; ?@ 9bEUVE5leI; 9boVE`le/ n (pl unchanged 复数不变) [C, U] (type of) light, usu red, wine from the Beaujolais district of France 博若莱酒（法国博若莱地区产的淡葡萄酒, 通常为红色）. beaut / bju:t; bjut/ n (US and Austral sl 美, 澳, 俚) beautiful person or thing 美人; 美好的东西. beaut adj, interj (sl esp Austral 俚, 尤用于澳大利亚) excellent; fine 了不起的; 绝妙的. beauteous / 5bju:tIEs; `bjutIEs/ adj (arch 古) beautiful 美丽的; 美好的. beautician / bju:5tIFn; bju`tIFEn/ n person whose job is to give beautifying treatments to the face or body 美容师. beautiful / 5bju:tIfl; `bjutEfEl/ adj 1 having beauty; giving pleasure to the senses or the mind 美丽 的; 美观的; 美好的: a beautiful face, baby, flower, view, voice, poem, smell, morning 美妙的脸庞、 婴儿、花朵、景物、声音、诗歌、气味、早晨* beautiful weather, music, chocolate 极好的天气、 音乐、巧克力. 2 very satisfactory 极其满意的: The organization was beautiful. 组织工作极佳. * What beautiful timing! 时间正合适! beautifully / -flI; -fElI/ adv 1 in a lovely manner 美妙地: She sings beautifully. 她唱得美极了. 2 most satisfactorily 极其满意地: That will do beautifully. 那样好极了. * The car is running beautifully. 这辆汽车性能好极了. beautiful NOTE ON USAGE 用法: When describing people, beautiful and pretty are generally used of women and children, and handsome of men. 形容人的时候, beautiful 和pretty 一般用于妇女 儿童, 而handsome 则用于男子. They all relate to the pleasing appearance of the face. 这些词都可 指容貌悦目. Beautiful is a serious and approving description, suggesting elegance and perfection. *beautiful 是个有分量的、表示赞许的形容词, 含有高雅和完美的意思. Pretty may suggest a delicate feminine appearance and can be used disapprovingly of men. *pretty 可指娇媚温柔的容貌, 但也可用于男子, 含贬义. Handsome may be applied to women and suggest dignity and maturity.*handsome 可用于指妇女, 含有端庄和成熟的意思. Good-looking and attractive are used of both men and women. *good-looking 和attractive 用于男女均可. Fair (meaning `beautiful') is archaic. *fair （作beautiful 解的词义）已不通用. All these adjectives except attractive can be used of animals and all except good-looking with inanimate and abstract nouns 所有这些形容词, 除 attractive 外, 均可用于动物, 而除good-looking 外, 均可与指无生命的和抽象的名词连用: a beautiful/an attractive voice 优美的[动人的]嗓子 * a handsome/good-looking horse 漂亮的[好看 的]马 * a beautiful/pretty village 美丽的[漂亮的]村庄 * a handsome/an attractive offer 优厚的 [打动人的]条件. beautify / 5bju:tIfaI; `bjutE9faI/ v (pt, pp -fied) [Tn] make (sb/sth) beautiful; adorn 使（某人[某事 物]）变美; 美化; 装饰. Cf 参看 prettify. beautification / 9bju:tIfI5keIFn; 9bjutEfE`keFEn/ n [U]. beauty / 5bju:tI; `bjutI/ n 1 [U] combination of qualities that give pleasure to the senses (esp to the eye or ear) or to the mind 美: the beauty of the sunset, of her singing, of poetry 日落、她的歌喉、诗 作之美 * She was a woman of great beauty. 她曾经是个大美人. * [attrib 作定语] a beauty competition/contest, ie one in which judges decide on the most beautiful competitor 选美会. 2 [C] (a) person or thing that is beautiful 美丽的人或事物: She was a famous beauty in her youth. 她年轻 时是个有名的美人. * That new car is an absolute beauty. 那辆新车漂亮极了. (b) fine specimen; excellent example 极好的样品; 范例: Look at these moths: here's a beauty. 请看这些蛾子: 这是一 个珍品. * That last goal was a beauty. 最后进去的那个球真漂亮. (c) pleasing or attractive feature 极具魅力或吸引力的特色: The beauty of living in California is that the weather is so good. 在加利 福尼亚居住的好处就在于气候宜人. * The machine needs very little attention -- that's the beauty of it. 那机器不用怎样看管--好就好在这里. 3 (idm 习语) beauty is only skin `deep (saying 谚) outward appearance is less important than hidden or inner qualities 美貌只是一层皮（外表没有隐蔽 的或内在的素质那麽重要）. beauty queen woman judged to be the most beautiful in a beauty contest （选美会上评选出的）最美的女子. beauty salon (also beauty parlour) place where customers receive treatment (eg face-massage, hairdressing, manicuring) to increase their beauty 美容院. beauty sleep ( joc 谑) sleep before midnight, light-heartedly regarded as important for a person's beauty 美容觉（午夜前的睡眠, 戏称关乎美容）: Good night, I must get my beauty sleep. 再见吧, 我得去睡个美容觉. beauty spot 1 place famous for its beautiful scenery 风景点; 名胜. 2 mole or artificial spot on a woman's face, once thought to add to her beauty 美人斑（妇女面部天生的或人为的、曾被视为一种美的痣或斑）. beaux pl of beau. beaver / 5bi:vE(r); `bivL/ n 1 [C] fur-coated animal with strong teeth that lives both on land and in water and gnaws down trees to build dams 海狸. 2 [U] its brown fur 海狸的褐色皮毛: [attrib 作 定语] a beaver hat 海狸皮帽子. 3 (idm 习语) an eager beaver => eager. beaver v. (phr v) beaver away (at sth) (infml 口esp Brit) work hard 勤奋工作: I've been beavering away at this job for hours. 我几小时一直在全力做这件事. bebop / 5bi:bCp; `bibBp/ (also bop) n [U] type of jazz music with complex rhythms and harmonies 比 博普（一种具有复杂的节律与和声的爵士音乐）. becalmed / bI5kB:md; bI`kBmd/ adj [usu pred 通常作表语] (of a sailing-ship) unable to move because there is no wind （指帆船）（因无风）不能航行. became pt of become. because / bI5kCz; ?@ also -kR:z; bI`kRz/ conj for the reason that : I did it because he told me to. . * Just because I don't complain, people think I'm satisfied. , T. because of prep. by reason of (sb/sth); on account of []; : They are here because of us. . * He walked slowly because of his bad leg. . * Because of his wife('s) being there, I said nothing about it. , . beck / bek; bZk/ n (Brit dialect 方) mountain stream; brook ; . beck / bek; bZk/ n (idm 习语) at one's/sb's ,beck and `call always ready to obey one's/sb's orders immediately 听命于人; 唯某人之命是从: The king has always had servants at his beck and call. 国 王有奴仆们随时听他使唤. * I'm not at your beck and call, you know. 你要知道, 我是不会听你指 使的. beckon / 5bekEn; `bZkEn/ v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Dn.t, Dpr.t] ~ (to) sb (to do sth) make a gesture to sb with the hand, arm or head, usu to make him come nearer or to follow （以手、臂或头部的动作）召唤某 人（通常为使之走近或跟随自己）: She beckoned (to) me (to follow). 她招手要我跟著她. * (fig 比 喻) City life beckons (ie attracts) many a country boy. 都市生活吸引著许许多多的乡村子弟. 2 (phr v) beckon sb in, on, over, etc gesture to sb to move in a specified direction 示意某人按指定的方 向行动: The policeman beckoned us over. 警察打手势让我们通过. * A girl standing at the mouth of the cave beckoned him in. 站在洞口的一个姑娘摆手叫他进去. * They beckoned me into the room. 他们示意我进入房间. becquerel / 5bekErel; bZk`rZl/ n (physics 物) SI unit of radioactivity 贝克勒尔（放射性强度的标准 国际单位）. bed / bed; bZd/ n 1 (a) [C, U] thing to sleep or rest on, esp a piece of furniture with a mattress and coverings 床: go to bed 去睡; 就寝* be in bed 卧床; 睡觉* get out of/into bed 起[上]床 * sit on the bed 坐在床上* a room with two single beds/a double bed 有两张单人床[一张双人床]的房 间* The tramp's bed was a park bench. 公园里的长凳就是这个流浪汉的床. * Can you give me a bed for the night? 你能留我过夜吗? (b) [U] being in bed; use of a bed; sleep or rest 睡觉; 卧床休 息: I've put the children to bed. 我安置孩子们去睡觉了. * He has a mug of cocoa before bed. 他临 睡前喝一缸子可可. * It's time for bed. 该睡觉了. (c) [C] mattress 床垫: a feather bed 羽绒床垫 * a spring bed 弹簧床垫. (d) [U] (fig infml 比喻, 口) sexual intercourse 性交: They think of nothing but bed! 他们不想别的, 光想著行房! 2 [C] bottom of the sea, a river, a lake, etc （海、河、湖等 的）底部: explore the ocean bed 探测海底. 3 layer of clay, rock, etc below the surface soil; stratum （地表下由黏土、岩石等构成的）分层; 地层: a bed of clay, limestone, sand, etc 一层黏土、石灰 石、沙子等. 4 [C] (a) flat base on which sth rests; foundation 基座; 基础: The machine rests on a bed of concrete. 机器安装在混凝土基座上. (b) layer of rock, stone, etc as a foundation for a road or railway （公路或铁路的）路基. 5 garden plot; piece of ground for growing flowers, vegetables, etc 园圃里的小块种植地; 种植花草、菜蔬等的地块: a `seed-bed 苗床 * `flower-beds 花坛* a bed of herbs 一片药草地. 6 (idm 习语) as one ,makes one's bed, so one must `lie on it (saying 谚) one must accept the consequences of one's own actions 自作自受; 自食其果. ,bed and `board overnight accommodation and meals （过夜的）膳宿. ,bed and `breakfast (abbrs 缩写B and B, b and b) sleeping accommodation and a meal the next morning, in hotels, etc （旅馆之类的）夜宿兼包次日早 餐: Bed and breakfast costs 15 a night. 留宿一夜兼包次日早餐费用为15 英镑. a bed of `roses pleasant carefree living 快乐人生; 优哉游哉的生活: Life isn't a bed of roses. 人生并非事事称心如 意. die in one's bed => die2. bedbug n. wingless blood-sucking insect that lives in beds, etc 臭虫. bedclothes n. [pl] sheets, blankets, pillows, etc 床上用品（床单、毯子、枕头等）. bedfellow n. (a) person with whom one shares a bed 同床者. (b) (fig 比喻) associate; companion 同事; 伙伴: The fortunes of war create strange bedfellows, ie unexpected alliances. 战乱使人萍水相 逢（意料之外的结合）. bed-linen n. [U] sheets and pillowcases 床单及枕头套. bedpan n. container for use as a lavatory by a person who is ill and in bed （卧床病人用的）便盆. bedpost n. each of the upright supports at the corners of a bedstead (esp the old-fashioned type) （尤 指旧式床的）床柱. bedridden adj. confined to bed, esp permanently, because of illness or weakness （因患病或体弱） 卧床不起的（尤指长期的）. bedrock n. [U] (a) solid rock beneath loose soil, sand, etc 松土、沙子等下面的坚固的岩石: reach/get down to bedrock 深及基岩. (b) (fig 比喻) basic facts or principles 基本的事实或原则: the bedrock of one's beliefs 基本信念. bedroll n. (esp US and NZ 尤用于美国及新西兰) portable bedding that can be rolled into a bundle (as used by campers) 铺盖卷（如露营者所用的）. bedroom n. room for sleeping in 卧室. bedside n. [usu sing 通常作单数] 1 area beside a bed 床边: [attrib 作定语] a bedside table 床头 小几. 2 (idm 习语) ,bedside `manner doctor's way of dealing with a patient 医疗服务态度: Dr Green has a good bedside manner, ie He is tactful and pleasant. 格林医生对病人的态度很好（他讲 究方式方法, 使人愉快）. bed-sitting-room (also infml 口语亦作bed-sitter, bed-sit) n. (Brit) room used for both living and sleeping in 卧室兼起居室. bedsore n. sore on an invalid caused by lying in bed for a long time 褥疮. bedspread n. top cover spread over a bed 床罩. bedstead n. framework of wood or metal supporting the springs and mattress of a bed （木质或金属 的）床架. bedtime n. [U] time for going to bed 就寝时间: His bedtime is eight o'clock. 他的就寝时间是八点 钟. * It's long past your bedtime. 你的就寝时间早就过了. * [attrib 作定语] a bedtime story, ie one read to a child at bedtime 睡前故事（给孩子临睡前讲的故事）. bed-wetting n. [U] urinating in bed while asleep 尿床. bed / bed; bZd/ v (-dd-) 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (in sth) place or fix sth firmly; embed sth 使某物固定或 安置稳固; 嵌入某物中: The bricks are bedded in concrete. 用混凝土砌砖. * The bullet bedded itself in (ie went deeply into) the wall. 子弹嵌入（射入）墙中. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] plant (sth) 种植（某 物）: Bed the roots in the compost. 把植物的根插入混合肥料中. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr] accommodate (sb); provide with a bed 向（某人）提供住宿; 供给床位: The wounded were bedded in the farmhouse. 把 伤员安置在农家住宿. 4 [Tn] (infml 口) have casual sexual intercourse with (sb) 随便地与（某人） 发生性关系: He's bedded more girls than he can remember. 他和多少姑娘上过床, 多得连他自己 也记不清了. 5 (phr v) bed down settle for the night 安排过夜: The soldiers bedded down in a barn. 士兵们在谷仓里打铺过夜. bed sth down provide (an animal) with straw, etc to rest on for the night （铺稻草等）供（动物）夜间歇息. bed sth out transfer (young plants) from a greenhouse, etc to a garden bed 将（幼小的植物）从温室等中移栽到园地里: bed out the seedlings, young cabbages, etc 移栽幼苗、幼小的洋白菜等. -bedded ( forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having the specified type or number of beds 有某种类型床的或床数的: a single-/ double-/ twin-bedded room. bedding n. [U] 1 bedclothes and mattresses 铺盖. 2 straw, etc for animals to sleep on （供动物 歇息的）垫草. `bedding plant one suitable for planting in a garden bed 适于在园地里种植的植物. bedaub / bI5dR:b; bI`dRb/ v [esp passive 尤用于被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth/sb (with sth) smear sth/sb (with sth dirty, sticky, etc) （用脏物、黏物等）涂抹某物[某人]: faces bedaubed with grease-paint 用油彩抹过的脸. bedeck / bI5dek; bI`dZk/ v [esp passive 尤用于被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth/sb (with sth) adorn or decorate sth/sb 装饰, 打扮某物[某人]: streets bedecked with flags 饰以旗帜的街道. bedevil / bI5devl; bI`dZvl/ v (-ll-; US -l-) [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] trouble (sb/sth) greatly; torment; afflict 使（某人[某物]）大为困扰, 烦恼; 折磨: an industry bedevilled with strikes 为罢工 所困扰的企业* a family bedevilled by misfortune 遭遇到不幸的家庭* Bad weather bedevilled our plans. 因为天气恶劣我们的计划大受影响. bedlam / 5bedlEm; `bZdlEm/ n [U] scene of noisy confusion; uproar 乱哄哄的场面; 喧嚣: What's happening in that room? It's (like) bedlam in there. 那个房间里怎麽了? 乱哄哄的. bedouin (also Bedouin) / 5bedUIn; `bZdJIn/ n (pl unchanged 复数不变) member of a nomadic Arab people living in tents in the desert 贝都因人（在沙漠中居住于帐篷里的阿拉伯游牧部落中的人）: [attrib 作定语] a bedouin tribe 阿拉伯游牧部落. bedraggled / bI5drAgld; bI`drA-ld/ (also draggled) adj made wet or dirty by rain, mud, etc; untidy （被雨、泥等）弄湿或弄脏的; 不整齐的: bedraggled appearance, clothes, hair 邋遢的样子、衣服、 头发* The tents looked very bedraggled after the storm. 暴风雨过后帐篷又湿又脏. bee / bi:; bi/ n 1 four-winged insect with a sting, that lives in a colony and collects nectar and pollen from flowers to produce wax and honey 蜜蜂. =>illus 见插图. 2 (idm 习语) the ,bee's `knees (infml 口) thing that is outstandingly good 出类拔萃之物: She thinks she's the bee's knees, ie has a very high opinion of herself. 她自视甚高. the birds and the bees => bird. busy as a bee => busy. have a `bee in one's bonnet (about sth) (infml 口) have a particular idea which occupies one's thoughts continually 头脑中总是不断地想著某一件事: Our teacher has a bee in his bonnet about punctuation. 我们的老师没完没了地琢磨著标点符号. beehive n. container made for bees to live in 蜂房. bee-keeper person who keeps honey bees 养蜂人. bee / bi:; bi/ n (US) meeting in a group, esp of neighbours and friends, for work or pleasure （尤指邻Oxford Dictionary Translation memory software company ForeignDesk, Okapi Framework, OmegaT, Transolution, AidTransStudio, Cafetran, Déjà Vu (DVX), Heartsome Translation Suite, MemoQ, MetaTexis, Rainbow, SDLX, SDL, STAR Transit, Trados, SDL Trados, Wordfast, WordFisher, Similis, Open Language Tools http://www.transgood.com