TransGood-Translation memory software Trados, SDL, ForeignDesk, Wordfast, WordFisher, Déjà Vu (DVX), 译佳计算机辅助翻译软件, 雅信CAT TransGood, TransMemory, Translation Software Tools, Computer-assisted translation, computer-aided translation, CAT, machine-aided translation, Translation memory software, Terminology management software, Alignment software, Software localization tools, ?bersetzung Software, Logiciels de traduction, Software di traduzione, Traducción de Software, Mémoire de traduction, Tradu??o memória, Memoria de traducción, Memoria di traduzione, Перевод Software, ForeignDesk, Okapi Framework, OmegaT, Transolution, AidTransStudio, Cafetran, Déjà Vu (DVX), Heartsome Translation Suite, MemoQ, MetaTexis, Rainbow, SDLX, SDL, STAR Transit, Trados, SDL Trados, Wordfast, WordFisher, Similis, Open Language Tools, 翻訳ソフトウェア, 翻訳メモリ, 翻译软件 辅助翻译软件 计算机辅助翻译软件 人工智能翻译 翻译工具 专业翻译软件 翻译记忆软件 塔多思 Trados SDL WordFast 雅信CAT 翻译公司 牛津词典 Oxford Dictionary of the ropes of a tent in place 系帐篷的桩. =>illus 见插图. (c) pin used to mark a position, eg on a piece of land 界桩（如在地界上的）: a surveyor's peg 测标. 3 small wooden or metal pin or bolt used to fasten together esp pieces of wood （木或金属的）小钉,小栓. 4 = clothes-peg (clothes). 5 (also `tuning peg) any of several wooden screws for tightening or loosening tension in the strings of a violin, etc （提琴等上的）琴轸, 琴栓. 6 piece of wood used to seal the vent in a barrel, etc （桶 等的）孔塞. 7 (also peg-leg) (infml 口) (a) artificial leg, usu wooden 假腿（通常为木制的）. (b) person with an artificial leg 装有假腿的人. 8 (idm 习语) a peg to hang sth on reason, excuse or opportunity for (doing) sth （做）某事的理由、藉口或机会: a minor offence which provided a peg to hang their attack on 给人以攻击口实的小过失. off the `peg (of clothes) not made to measure; ready-made （指衣服）现成的: buy a suit off the peg 买一套成衣 * [attrib 作定语] an off-the-peg suit 一套成衣. a square peg => square1. ,take sb `down a peg (or two) make (a proud or conceited person) more humble 煞（傲慢或自负者）的傲气、锐气或威风. peg-board n. (a) [C, U] (type of) board with holes in, on which things may be fastened or hung with pegs or hooks for display, etc （有孔的）展览板（可供挂物或展示物品用）. (b) [C] board with holes in, into which pegs may be inserted, esp for a game or as a toy 插孔游戏板 peg / peg; pZ-/ v (-gg-) 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] fasten (sth) with pegs 用钉或桩等固定（某物）: peg a tent 用桩固定帐篷* peg the clothes (out) on the line 把衣服用衣夹夹在晾衣绳上* peg sth in place 用钉子将某物固定住. 2 [esp passive 尤用于被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (at sth) fix or keep (wages or prices) at a certain level 使（工资或价格）固定或维持在某水平上: Pay increases were pegged at five per cent. 工资增长率已限制在百分之五. 3 (idm 习语) level pegging => level1. 4 (phr v) peg away (at sth) (infml 口) work hard and persistently 坚持不懈努力工作: He's been pegging away at his thesis for months. 他写论文已经忙了几个月了. peg sb down (to sth) force or persuade sb to be specific or make a definite promise; pin sb down 迫使或说服某人表态、落实或承 诺: I pegged him down to a price for the work. 我已经让他把那作品的价钱定妥. peg sth down fix sth in place with pegs 用钉或桩固定某物: have difficulty pegging the tent down in a storm 在暴 风雨中固定帐篷有困难. peg out (infml 口) die 死. peg sth out (a) mark (an area of land) with pegs 用界桩标出（地段）: peg out a claim, ie mark out the land of which one claims ownership 用界桩标 出认为是属于自己的地段. (b) (esp in the game of cribbage) show (a score) by putting pegs in a board （尤指在一种纸牌游戏中）用木钉插在板上记（分）. pejorative / pI5dVCrEtIv; ?@ -5dVR:r- or, rarely, 罕读作5pi:dVErEtIv; pI`dVRrEtIv/ adj (fml 文) expressing criticismor scorn; derogatory; disparaging 贬抑的; 贬损的; 轻蔑的: pejorative remarks, comments, words, etc 贬抑的言语、评语、词语等. pejoratively adv. peke / pi:k; pik/ n (infml 口) Pekinese 北京狗; 狮子狗; 哈叭狗. Pekinese (also Pekingese) / 9pi:kI5ni:z; 9pikIn`iz/ n (pl unchanged or ~s 复数或不变或作 Pekineses) small dog with short legs and long silky hair, originally from China 北京狗, 狮子狗, 哈 叭狗（原产中国）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1 插图, page iii. pekoe / 5pi:kEU; `piko/ n [U] type of high-quality tea made from the young buds of the tea plant 白毫 （用茶树嫩叶制的高级茶）. pelagic / pE5lAdVIk; pE`lAdVIk/ adj (fml 文) (a) (of fishing, whaling, etc) carried out on the open sea （指捕鱼、捕鲸等）在公海进行的, 远洋的. (b) (of fish, etc) living near the surface of the open sea （指鱼等）栖居于海洋上层的, 浮游的. pelican / 5pelIkEn; `pZlIkEn/ n large water-bird with a pouch under its long bill for storing food 鹈胡 鸟; 淘河. pelican crossing pedestrian crossing with traffic lights that are operated by pedestrians 交通指挥灯由行人控制的人 行横道. Cf 参看pedestrian crossing (pedestrian), zebra crossing (zebra). pell-mell / 9pel5mel; `pZl`mZl/ adv 1 in a hurrying, disorderly manner; headlong 匆忙地; 杂乱地; 仓促地: The children rushed pell-mell down the stairs. 孩子们乱哄哄地冲下楼去. 2 in disorder; untidily 乱糟糟地; 杂乱地: The books were scattered pell-mell over the floor. 书本凌乱地散置在 地上. pellagra / pE5lAgrE, -5leIg-; pE`lAgrE, -`le--/ n [U] (medical 医) disease that causes cracking of the skin and often leads to insanity 糙皮病. pellet / 5pelIt; `pZlIt/ n 1 small tightly-packed ball of a soft material such as bread or wet paper, made eg by rolling it between the fingers （面包或湿纸等的）小团, 小球, 小丸（如用手指捻成的）: paper pellets 纸团. 2 small pill 小药丸. 3 small piece of shot1(5), esp for firing from an airgun 小弹丸（尤指气枪的）. pellucid / pe5lu:sId; pE`lusId/ adj (fml 文) 1 transparentor translucent; very clear 透明的, 半透明 的; 清澈的. 2 (fig 比喻) (of style, meaning, etc) very clear （指文体、意义等）清晰的, 清通的. pelmet / 5pelmIt; `pZlmIt/ (also esp US valance) n strip of wood, cloth, etc placed above a window to hide a curtain rail 窗帘盒; 窗帘短帷. pelota / pE5lEUtE; pE`lotE/ n [U] game played in Spain, Latin America and the Philippines, in which the players use a long basket strapped to the wrist to hit a ball against a wall 回力球（西班牙、拉丁 美洲和菲律宾的一种球类运动）. pelt / pelt; pZlt/ n skin of an animal, esp with the fur or hair still on it 动物的皮;（尤指）毛皮: beaver pelts 海狸皮. pelt / pelt; pZlt/ v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (with sth); ~ sth (at sb) throw sth at sb repeatedly in order to attack him 为攻击某人而连续投掷某物: pelt sb with snowballs, stones, rotten tomatoes, etc 向某人 投掷雪球、石子、烂西红柿等* The crowd pelted bad eggs at the speaker. 群众纷纷向演讲人扔 臭鸡蛋. 2 [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (down) (of rain, etc) fall very heavily; beat down （指雨等）下得很大, 滂 沱: It was pelting with rain. 大雨如注. * The rain was pelting down. 大雨倾盆. * hail pelting on the roof 冰雹打在屋顶上. 3 (idm 习语) full pelt/tilt/speed => full. 4 (phr v) pelt along, down, up, etc (sth) run very fast in the specified direction 向某方向飞跑: pelting down the hill 飞跑下山. pelvis / 5pelvIs; `pZlvIs/ n (pl ~es / 5pelvIsIz; `pZlvIsIz/ or pelves / 5pelvi:z; `pZlviz/) (anatomy 解) basin-shaped framework of bones at the lower end of the body, containing the bladder, rectum, etc 骨 盆. =>illus at skeleton 见skeleton||skeleton>> 插图. pelvic / 5pelvIk; `pZlvIk/ adj of or relating to the pelvis 骨盆的; 关于骨盆的. pemmican / 5pemIkEn; `pZmIkEn/ n [U] dried meat beaten and made into cakes (originally by N American Indians) 乾肉饼（源于北美印第安人制法）. pen / pen; pZn/ n 1 [C] (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) instrument for writing with ink, consisting of a pointed piece of split metal, a metal ball, etc, fixed into a metal or plastic holder （用有 颜色液体书写的）笔; 钢笔; 圆珠笔: fountain pen 自来水笔 * ball-point pen 圆珠笔* felt-tip pen 毡头笔. 2 [sing] writing, esp as a profession 写作（尤指职业性的）: He lives by his pen. 他靠写 作为生. 3 (idm 习语) the ,pen is ,mightier than the `sword (saying 谚) poets, thinkers, etc, affect human affairs more than soldiers do 笔墨胜刀剑. put ,pen to `paper (fml 文) (start to) write sth, eg a letter （开始）写（信等）. a slip of the pen/tongue => slip1. pen v. (-nn-) [Tn] (fml 文) write (a letter, etc) 写（信等）: She penned a few words of thanks. 她写 了几句致谢的话. pen-and-ink adj. [esp attrib 尤作定语] drawnwith a pen 用钢笔画的: pen-and-ink drawings, sketches, illustrations, etc 钢笔画的画、素描、插图等. pen-friend (also esp US `pen-pal) n. person with whom one builds a friendship by exchanging letters, esp sb in a foreign country whom one has never met 笔友. penknife (also `pocket-knife) n. (pl -knives) small knife with one or more blades that fold down into the handle, usu carried in the pocket 小摺刀. =>illus at knife 见knife 插图. pen-name n. name used by a writer instead of his real name; pseudonym 笔名. pen-pusher n. (infml derog 口, 贬) person (esp a clerk) whose job involves a lot of boring paperwork 做大量单调文书工作的人（如文员）. pen-pushing n. [U] (infml derog 口, 贬) boring paperwork 乏味的文书工作. pen / pen; pZn/ n 1 small piece of land surrounded by a fence, esp for keeping cattle, sheep, poultry, etc in （牛、羊、家禽等的）圈, 围栏: a `sheep-pen 羊圈. 2 bomb-proof shelter for submarines （潜艇用的）防空隐蔽坞. pen v. (-nn-) (phr v) pen sb/sth in/up shut sb/sth in, or as if in, a pen 将某人[某物]（宛如）关入围 栏中: pen up the chickens for the night 把鸡关进鸡棚过夜* She feels penned in by her life as a housewife. 她觉得做家庭主妇很受束缚. pen / pen; pZn/ n (US infml 口) penitentiary （联邦或州的）监狱. Pen abbr. 缩写= (esp on a map) Peninsula （尤指地图上的标记）半岛. penal / 5pi:nl; `pinl/ adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] 1 of, relating to or used for punishment, esp by law （有关或用作）处罚的, （尤指）刑罚的: penal laws, reforms 刑法、刑法改革 * a `penal colony/settlement, ie a place where criminals are sent as a punishment 罪犯流放地 * penal taxation, ie taxation which is so heavy that it seems like a punishment 繁重的课税（重如惩罚）. 2 punishable by law 应受刑罚的: a penal offence 刑事罪. penally / 5pi:nElI; `pinlI/ adv. penal code system of laws relating to crime and its punishment 刑法典. penal servitude ( Brit law 律) (formerly) punishment in which sb is sent to prison and forced to do hard physical work （旧时）劳役刑, 劳役监禁. penalize, penalise / 5pi:nElaIz; `pinl9aIz/ v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr esp passive 尤用于被动语态] ~ sb (for sth) punish sb for breaking a rule or law, esp (in games and sports) by giving an advantage to his opponent （因犯规或违法）处罚某人; （尤指比赛中）判罚: People who drive when they are drunk should be heavily penalized. 对酒醉开车者应予重罚. * He was penalized for a foul on the striker, eg A free kick was awarded to the striker's team. 他因对前锋犯规而受罚（如对方球队获踢任意球）. 2 [Tn] put (sb) at a disadvantage; handicap (sb) unfairly 使（某人）处不利地位; 不正当地妨碍（某人）: The new law penalizes the poorest members of society. 新法规对社会中最贫困者不利. 3 [Tn] make (sth) punishable by law 使（某事）可以刑法论处. penalization / 9pi:nElaI5zeIFn; ?@ -lI5z-;9pinlI`zeFEn/ n [U]. penalty / 5penltI; `pZnltI/ n 1 ~ (for sth) (a) punishment for breaking a law, rule or contract 刑罚; 处罚; 惩罚: It is part of the contract that there is a penalty for late delivery. 合同中有延迟交货的惩 罚规定. (b) thing imposed as a punishment, eg imprisonment or a fine 施加的惩罚（如监禁、罚款）: the `death penalty 死刑* It is an offence to travel without a valid ticket penalty 100. 无有效票证 乘搭交通工具--违章罚款100 英镑. * The maximum penalty for this crime is 10 years' imprisonment. 这种罪行的最高刑罚是10 年监禁. 2 disadvantage, suffering or inconvenience caused by an action or a circumstance （行为或处境造成的）不利、苦恼或不便: One of the penalties of fame is loss of privacy. 成名的弊端之一是失去了私人活动自由. 3 (a) (in sports and games) disadvantage imposed on a player or team as a punishment for breaking a rule, esp (in football) a free shot at goal by the opposing team （运动和竞赛等的）处罚（尤指足球中罚任意球）: The referee awarded a penalty to the home team. 裁判判给主队罚对方任意球. (b) (in football) goal scored with a penalty kick （足 球）罚球得分. 4 (idm 习语) on/under pain/penalty of sth => pain. pay the penalty => pay2. penalty area ( in football) area in front of the goal within which a foul by the defenders is punished by the award of a penalty kick to the attacking team （足球）罚球区. =>illus at Association football (association) 见Association football (association)插图. penalty clause part of a contract stating that money must be paid if sb breaks the contract 合同中违约罚款的规定. penalty kick ( in football) free kick at the goal awarded to the attacking team for a foul committed in the penalty area （足球）罚点球 penance / 5penEns; `pZnEns/ n 1 [C, U] ~ (for sth) punishment that one imposes on oneself to show that one is sorry for having done wrong （表示忏悔的）自我惩罚: an act of penance 自惩 * do penance (ie perform an act that shows one is sorry) for one's sins 为赎罪进行自我惩罚 * (joc 谑) She made him do the washing-up as (a) penance for forgetting her birthday. 因为他把她生日忘了, 所以她罚他洗碗. 2 [U] (in the Roman Catholic and Orthodox Churches) sacrament that includes confession, absolution and an act of penance imposed by the priest （天主教和东正教的）补赎圣事, 告解圣事, 修和圣事. pence pl of penny. penchant / 5pB:nFB:n; ?@ 5pentFEnt; `pZntFEnt/ n (French 法) ~ for sth liking or taste for sth 爱好; 嗜好: She has a penchant for Indian food. 她爱吃印度食物. pencil / 5pensl; `pZnsl/ n 1 (a) [C] instrument for drawing or writing with, consisting of a thin stick of graphite or coloured chalk enclosed in a cylinder of wood or fixed in a metal case 铅笔: [attrib 作 定语] a pencil drawing 铅笔画. (b) [U] writing done with a pencil 铅笔字: Should I sign my name in pencil or ink? 我用铅笔还是用钢笔签字? * Pencil rubs out easily. 铅笔写的容易擦掉. 2 [C] (usu in compounds 通常用以构成复合词) thing used or shaped like a pencil 用途或形状似笔之物: an `eyebrow pencil, ie a stick of cosmetic material used by women to darken the eyebrows 眉笔. pencil v. (-ll-; US -l-) 1 [Tn] write, draw or mark (sth) with a pencil 用铅笔写、画或标记（某物）: She pencilled the rough outline of a house. 她用铅笔画出房子的轮廓图. * pencilled eyebrows 描过 的眉毛. 2 (phr v) pencil sth in write (a suggested date, arrangement, etc) provisionally in a diary 在 日志中临时记下（建议的日期、安排等）: Let's pencil in 3 May for the meeting. 我们把会议日期 暂定为5 月3 日吧. pencil-case n. small bag, box, etc for holding pencils and pens 铅笔盒; 铅笔袋. pencil-sharpener n. device for sharpening pencils 削铅笔器. pendant / 5pendEnt; `pZndEnt/ n 1 ornament that hangs from a chain worn round the neck （项链上 的）垂饰. 2 piece of decorated glass hanging from a chandelier （枝形吊灯的）玻璃垂饰物. 3 = pennant. pendent / 5pendEnt; `pZndEnt/ adj (fml 文) hanging from sth 下垂的; 悬挂著的. pending / 5pendIN; `pZndIN/ adj [pred 作表语] (fml 文) (a) waiting to be decided or settled 待决; 未决: The lawsuit was then pending. 那件讼案因而尚未解决. (b) about to happen; imminent 即将 发生; 逼近: A decision on this matter is pending. 此事即将作出决定. pending prep. (fml 文) (a) while waiting for (sth); until 在等待（某事物）之际; 直至: She was held in custody pending trial. 她被拘留候审. (b) during (sth) 在（某事）期间: pending the negotiations 谈 判期间. pendulous / 5pendjUlEs; ?@ -dVUlEs; `pZndVElEs/ adj (fml 文) hanging down loosely so as to swing from side to side 下垂的; 悬垂而摇摆不定的: pendulous breasts 松垂的乳房. pendulum / 5pendjUlEm; ?@ -dVUlEm; `pZndVElEm/ n 1 weight hung on a cord from a fixed point so that it can swing freely 摆; 摆锤. 2 rod with a weight at the bottom that regulates the mechanism of a clock 钟摆. =>illus 见插图. 3 (idm 习语) the swing of the pendulum => swing2. penetrable / 5penItrEbl; `pZnEtrEbl/ adj (fml 文) that can be penetrated 可被穿过的; 可被充满的; 可被看穿的; 可深刻理解的. penetrability / 9penItrE5bIlEtI;9pZnEtrE`bIlEtI/ n [U]. penetrate / 5penItreIt; `pZnE9tret/ v 1 [Ipr, Tn] ~ (into/through) sth make a way into or through sth 进入或穿过某物: Our troops have penetrated (into) enemy territory. 我部队已深入到敌占区. * The mist penetrated (into) the room. 雾已渗入室内. * The heavy rain had penetrated right through her coat. 大雨湿透了她的大衣. * (fig 比喻) The cat's sharp claws penetrated (ie pierced) my skin. 猫的 尖爪刺进了我的皮层. * The party has been penetrated (ie infiltrated) by extremists. 有些极端分子 已打入该党. * A shrill cry penetrated the silence. 一声尖叫划破了寂静. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr esp passive 尤用于被动语态] ~ sb/sth (with sth) fill or spread through sb/sth 充满; 遍布: Cold horror penetrated her whole being. 她吓得浑身发凉. 3 [Tn] see or show a way into or through (sth) 看穿或透过（某 事物）: Our eyes could not penetrate the darkness. 我们的眼睛在黑暗中看不见东西. * The headlamps penetrated the fog. 车的前灯的光射进雾中.* (fig 比喻) We soon penetrated his disguise, ie saw who he really was. 我们很快看穿了他的伪装. 4 [Tn] understand or discover (sth) 洞察或 发现（某事物）: It was impossible to penetrate the mystery. 那奥秘无法揭穿. * He penetrated their thoughts. 他了解他们的想法. 5 [I, Tn] be fully understood or realized (by sb) 被（他人）充分理 解或领悟: I explained the problem to him several times but it didn't seem to penetrate. 那问题我向他 解释多次, 他似无所悟. * Nothing we say penetrates his thick skull! 无论我们说什麽他都不懂! penetrating adj. 1 having or showing the ability to think and understand quickly and deeply 思想 敏锐的; 有洞察力的: a penetrating mind, question, thinker 敏捷的头脑、尖锐的问题、有洞察力 的思想家* a penetrating look, glance, stare, etc 深明其意的目光、一瞥、注视等. 2 (of a voice or sound) loud and carrying; piercing （指声音）响亮的, 尖锐的: a penetrating cry, shriek, yell, etc 刺耳的哭喊、尖叫、叫喊等. penetratingly adv. penetration / 9penI5treIFn; 9pZnE`treFEn/ n [U] 1 (action or process of) penetrating 进入; 穿过; 充满; 看穿; 洞察; 领悟: our penetration of the enemy's defences 我军对敌人防线的突破. 2 ability to think and understandquickly and deeply 洞察力; 领悟力: the penetration of her mind/her powers of penetration 她的悟性. penetrative / 5penItrEtIv; ?@ -treItIv; `pZnE9tretIv/ adj 1 that can penetrate 有穿透力的; 能将他 物充满的; 有看穿能力的; 有洞察力的; 有领悟力的. 2 (of sb's mind, thoughts, etc) astute （指人 的头脑、想法等）精明的, 敏锐的: a penetrative analysis 精辟的分析. penguin / 5peNgwIn; `pZN-wIn/ n black and white sea-bird living in the Antarctic, with webbed feet and wings like flippers that are used for swimming 企鹅. penicillin / 9penI5sIlIn; 9pZnI`sIlIn/ n [U] substance obtained from mould fungi, used as an antibiotic drug to prevent or treat infections caused by bacteria 青霉素; 盘尼西林. peninsula / pE5nInsjUlE; ?@ -nsElE; pE`nInsElE/ n area of land almost surrounded by water or projecting far into the sea 半岛: the Iberian peninsula, ie Spain and Portugal 伊比利亚半岛（即西班 牙和葡萄牙所在地）. peninsular / -lE(r); -lL/ adj of or like a peninsula （似）半岛的. penis / 5pi:nIs; `pinIs/ n organ with which a male animal copulates and (in mammals) urinates 阴茎. =>illus at male 见 male 插图. penitence / 5penItEns; `pZnEtEns/ n [U] ~ (for sth) sorrow or regret for having done sth wrong 悔过; 悔罪; 忏悔: show penitence for one's sins 对罪过表示忏悔. penitent / 5penItEnt; `pZnEtEnt/ adj feeling or showing regret or remorse for having done sth wrong 后悔的; 悔罪的; 忏悔的: a penitent sinner 悔悟的罪人. penitent n. (religion 宗) penitent person, esp one who is doing penance(2) 悔罪者; 忏悔者; （尤 指）告解者. penitently adv. penitential / 9penI5tenFl; 9pZnE`tZnFEl/ adj of or relatingto penitence or penance 忏悔的; 悔过的; 悔罪的; 苦行赎罪的. penitentially / -FElI; -FElI/ adv. penitentiary / 9penI5tenFErI; 9pZnE`tZnFErI/ n (US) federalor state prison for people who have committed serious crimes （联邦或州的）监狱. penitentiary adj. (a) of or relating to penance 自我惩罚的; 赎罪的. (b) of or relating to treatment intendedto reform offenders 感化的. penmanship / 5penmEnFIp; `pZnmEn9FIp/ n [U] skill or style in writing or in handwriting 书写的技 巧或风格; 书法. pennorth / 5penEW; `pZnLW/ n [sing] (infml 口) = pennyworth (penny). pennant / 5penEnt; `pZnEnt/ (also pendant, pennon) n (a) long narrow flag tapering to a point, used on a ship for signalling or as identification （船上用作信号或识别标志的）长三角旗. =>illus at flag 见 flag 插图. (b) (US) flag of this shape used as a school banner or as the symbol of a sports championship （长三角形的）校旗, 锦标旗. penniless / 5penIlIs; `pZnIlIs/ adj having no money; very poor; destitute 一文不名的; 赤贫如洗的: a penniless old man 穷老头. pennon / 5penEn; `pZnEn/ n 1 long narrow triangular or swallow-tailed flag, originally used by a knight on his lance 狭长三角旗, 燕尾旗（原为骑士所执长矛上的饰物）. 2 = pennant. penny / 5penI; `pZnI/ n (pl pence / pens; pZns/ or pennies / 5penIz; `pZnIz/) 1 (abbr 缩写 p) (since decimal coinage was introduced in 1971) British bronze coin worth one hundredth of a pound 便士（英国黄铜硬币, 自1971 年实行十进位制后, 其值为一英镑的百分之一）: Potatoes are 20 pence a pound. 土豆每磅20 便士. * These pencils cost 40p each. 这些铅笔每枝40 便士. 2 (abbr 缩写d) former British bronze coin worth one twelfth of a shilling, in use until 1971 便士（为英国黄 铜硬币, 1971 年以前其值为一先令的十二分之一）. 3 (US infml 口) cent 分（钱币单位）. 4 (idm 习语) be two/ten a `penny (a) be very cheap 非常便宜. (b) be numerous and easy to obtain 多 而易得. earn/turn an honest penny => honest. ,in for a `penny, ,in for a `pound (saying 谚) having started to do sth, it is worth spending as much time or money as is necessary to complete it 既已开始, 应该完成; 一不做, 二不休. the `penny drops (infml 口esp Brit) sb now understands or realizes sth that he had not understood or realized before 原来如此; 恍然大悟: I had to explain the problem to her several times before the penny finally dropped. 那问题我给她解释了好几次, 最后她才明白. a ,penny for your `thoughts (catchphrase 警语) (used to ask sb what he is thinking about 用以问某人 在想什麽). ,penny `wise (and) ,pound `foolish careful about spending small amounts of money but reckless about spending large sums of money 小处节约, 大处浪费. a pretty penny => pretty. spend a penny => spend. turn up like a bad `penny (infml 口) (habitually) appear when one is unwelcome or unwanted （不受欢迎的或讨厌的人）又来了. penny farthing old type of bicycle with a large front wheel and a small back wheel 旧式的前轮大后轮小的自行车. penny-pincher ( infml 口) mean person; miser 小气鬼; 吝啬鬼. `penny-pinching adj miserly 吝啬 的; 小气的. n [U] miserliness 吝啬; 小气. pennyweight n. unit of weight equal to 24 grains 本尼威特（金衡单位, 等于 24 格令）. penny whistle = tin whistle (tin). pennyworth / 5penIwEW; `pZnI9w[W/ (also pennorth) n [sing] as much as can be bought for a penny 一便士之值; 值一便士之物. penology / pi:5nClEdVI; pi`nBlEdVI/ n [U] study of crime and its punishment, and the management of prisons 刑罚学; 监狱管理学. pension / 5penFn; `pZnFEn/ n [C, U] sum of money paid regularly by the State to people above a certain age and to widowed or disabled people, or by an employer to a retired employee 养老金; 抚 恤金; 退休金: an old-age `pension 养老金* a retirement pension 退休金* an army pension 军队 发放的抚恤金* draw one's pension, eg obtain it regularly from a Post Office 领取退休金（如定期 到邮局领取）* live on a pension 靠退休金生活. pension v. 1 [Tn] pay a pension to (sb) 发给（某人）养老金、退休金或抚恤金. 2 (phr v) pension sb off (often passive 常用于被动语态) allow or force sb to retire, and pay him a pension 准 予或迫使某人退休并发给退休金: He was pensioned off and replaced with a younger man. 他被迫 退休, 由一年轻人接替其职务. pension sth off (often passive 常用于被动语态) (infml 口) no longer use sth, because it is old and worn 因破旧不堪再用: The old printing press will have to be pensioned off. 那个旧印刷机得报销了. pensionable adj. giving sb the right to receive apension 可领取退休金、养老金或抚恤金的: a pensionablejob, position, post, etc 可领取养老金的工作、职位等* She is of pensionable age. 她 已到领取养老金的年纪了. pensioner / 5penFEnE(r); `pZnFEnL/ n person who is receiving a pension (esp an old-age pension) 领退休金或抚恤金的人; （尤指）领养老金的人: an old-age pensioner 领养老金的人. pension / 5pCnsICn; `pBnsI9Bn/ n (French 法) small private hotel in France and certain other European countries （法国及欧洲其他一些国家的）私人小旅店. pensive / 5pensIv; `pZnsIv/ adj thinking deeply about sth, esp in a sad or serious way 沉思的; （尤 指）忧虑的: a pensive expression, look, mood 忧虑的表情、样子、情绪* She looked pensive when she heard the news. 她听到这消息时神情严肃. pensively adv. pensiveness n. [U]. pent up / 9pent 5Qp; `pZnt`Qp/ adj (of feelings) not expressed; repressed （指感情）不流露的, 被抑 制的: feelings that have been pent up for too long 压抑过久的感情* ,pent-up `anger, emotion, frustration, etc 郁结的愤懑、情感、沮丧等. penta- : comb form 构词成分having or made up of five of sth 有五个某物; 由五个某物组成: a pentagon * the pentathlon. pentagon / 5pentEgEn; ?@ -gCn; `pZntE9-Bn/ n 1 [C] geometric figure with five sides and angles 五角形; 五边形. 2 the Pentagon (a) [sing] the five-sided building near Washington that is the headquarters of the US Department of Defence and the US armed forces 五角大楼（美国国防部办公 处）. (b) [Gp] the leaders of the US armed forces 美国三军首脑: a spokesman for the Pentagon 美国 国防部发言人. pentagonal / pen5tAgEnl; pZn`tA-Enl/ adj having five sides 五边形的; 五角形的. pentameter / pen5tAmItE(r); pZn`tAmEtL/ n line of verse with five metrical feet 五音步诗行. Pentateuch / 5pentEtju:k; `pZntE9tjuk/ n the Pentateuch[sing] the first five books of the Bible 摩西五 经（《圣经》的首五卷）. pentathlon / pen5tAWlEn, -lCn; pZn`tAWlEn, -lCn/ n athletic contest in which each competitor takes part in five events (running, riding, swimming, fencing and shooting) 五项全能运动（跑步、骑马、 游泳、击剑和射击）. Pentecost / 5pentIkCst; ?@ -kR:st; `pZntI9kRst/ n [sing] 1 Jewish harvest festival that takes place fifty days after the second day of the Passover （犹太人的）五旬节（庆祝收获的节日, 为逾越节次 日起之50 日）. 2 (Brit also Whitsunday) (in the Christian Church) seventh Sundayafter Easter, commemorating the descent of the Holy Ghost on the apostles （基督教的）圣灵降临节（复活节后 第七个星期日）. pentecostal / 9pentI5kCstl; ?@ -5kR:stl; 9pZntI`kRstl/ adj 1 of or relating to Pentecost （犹太人） 五旬节的; 圣灵降临节的. 2 Pentecostal (of a religious group) emphasizing the divine gifts, esp the power to heal the sick （指教派）五旬节派的（著重神的恩赐, 尤指治病能力）. penthouse / 5penthaUs; `pZnt9haJs/ n 1 house or flat built on the roof of a tall building （高楼的） 顶层房子: [attrib 作定语] a luxury penthouse flat/apartment/suite 豪华的楼顶的公寓[单元房/一套 房间]. 2 sloping roof (esp for a shelter or shed) attached to the wall of a building and supported by it 庇檐, 披屋（靠墙的单坡顶）. penultimate / pe5nQltImEt; pI`nQltEmIt/ adj [attrib 作定语] next to and before the last one; last but one 倒数第二的: the penultimate letter of a word 一词的倒数第二个字母* the penultimate day of the month 月底的前一日. penumbra / pI5nQmbrE; pI`nQmbrE/ n (pl -brae / -bri:; -bri/ or -bras / -brEz; -brEz/) partly shaded area around the shadow of an opaque object (esp around the total shadow of the moon or earth in an eclipse) 半阴影; （尤指日、月蚀的）半影. Cf 参看 umbra. penurious / pI5njUrIEs; ?@ -5nUr-; pE`nJrIEs/ adj (fml 文) 1 very poor 贫穷的. 2 mean with money; stingy 吝啬的; 小气的. penuriously adv. penuriousness n. [U] = penury. penury / 5penjUrI; `pZnjErI/ n [U] (fml 文) extreme poverty 贫穷: living in penury 过著贫穷的生 活* reduced to penury 陷于贫困之中. peon / 5pi:En; `piEn/ n 1 (in India, etc) person employedas a messenger （印度等国的）信差. 2 (in Latin America) farm labourer （拉丁美洲的）农场工人. peony / 5pi:EnI; `piEnI/ n garden plant with large round pink, red or white flowers 芍药; 牡丹. people / 5pi:pl; `pipl/ n 1 [pl v] persons 人: Were there many people at the party? 聚会上的人多吗? * Some people are very inquisitive. 有些人好管闲事. * streets crowded with people 挤满人的街道 * He meets a lot of famous people in his job. 他在工作中常能见到许多名人. * Many old people live alone. 不少老年人都独自生活. =>Usage at man1 用法见man1. 2 (a) [C] (all the persons belonging to a) nation, race, tribe or community 民族; 种族; 部落; 人民: the English-speaking peoples 说英语的民族* The Spartans were a warlike people. 斯巴达人是尚武的民族. (b) [pl v] those persons who live in a particular place or have a particular nationality 生活在某地或有某国籍 的人们: the people (ie inhabitants) of London 伦敦居民* the British, French, Russian, etc people 英国人、法国人、俄国人. =>Usage 见所附用法. 3 the people [pl v] the citizens of a country, esp those with the right to vote 国民, 公民（尤指有选举权者）: The President no longer has the support of the people. 总统已失去国民的支持. 4 the people [pl v] ordinary persons who do not have a special rank or position in society 普通人; 平民; 民众: the common people 老百姓* a man of the people, eg a politician who is popular with ordinary people 受民众欢迎的人（如受欢迎的政治家）. 5 [pl v] subjects (of a king) or supporters (of a leader) （国王的）臣民; （领袖的）拥护者: a king loved by his people 受臣民爱戴的国王* His people worked hard to get him elected. 拥护他的人 都为使他当选而努力.6 [pl v] (infml 口) person's parents or other relatives 父母或亲戚: She's spending Christmas with her people. 她与亲人一起过圣诞节. 7 (idm 习语) people (who live) in glass houses shouldn't throw stones (saying 谚) one should not criticize others for faults similar to one's own 住在玻璃房子里, 不要向人扔石头; 自己有错就不要批评别人. people v. [esp passive 尤用于被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] fill (a place, an area, etc) with people; populate 使（某地）住满人; 居住于: He believes the world is peopled with idiots. 他认为世上多白痴. people NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Compare person, persons, people and peoples. 试比较person 、 persons 、 people 、 peoples 的用法. 1 People is the most usual plural of person. *people 是person 最通用的复数形式. Persons is formal and mostly used in legal language. *persons 较文, 主要作法律 用语. 2 Person can also sound formal and is often avoided. *person 有时也较文, 通常避免使用. In general statements, the sentence can be made plural 在泛指时, 此词在句中可用其复数形式: A person has the right to defend himself/People have the right to defend themselves. 人人均有自卫权. When referring to a particular situation, we can say I saw someone/a man/a woman riding a horse instead of I saw a person riding a horse. 在特指时, 可以说｀我看见有个人[男的/女的]骑著马＇（英 文句中可以不用person, 用someone/a man/a woman）. 3 People is also a singular noun (plural peoples) meaning `nation', `tribe' or `race' *people 作｀民族＇、｀部落＇或｀种族＇解时, 是单数 名词（复数是peoples）: The Ancient Egyptians were a fascinating people. 古埃及人是个令人神往 的民族. * the French-speaking peoples of the world 世界上说法语的民族. pep / pep; pZp/ n [U] (infml 口) feeling of liveliness; vigour 精力; 精神; 活力: full of pep and running around like a puppy 生龙活虎般跑来跑去. pep v. (-pp-) (phr v) pep sb/sth up make sb/sth (feel) more lively or energetic; stimulate sb/sth 使某 人活跃或精力充沛; 使某事物振奋: A walk in the fresh air will pep me up. 我在空气新鲜的地方散 步就感到精神饱满. * lively music to pep up the party 活跃聚会气氛的欢快的音乐. pep pill pill containing a drug (usu amphetamine) that stimulates the nervous system 兴奋药丸; （通常指） 安非他明. pep talk talk intended to improve morale, esp by encouraging the listener(s) to work harder, try to win, etc 鼓 励的话; 激励的话: The team was given a pep talk on the morning of the big match. 运动队在大赛 当天早晨听了一次鼓舞士气的讲话. pepper / 5pepE(r); `pZpL/ n 1 [U] hot-tasting powder made from the dried berries of certain plants and used for flavouring food 胡椒粉: a dash of pepper 少许胡椒粉. 2 [C] (a) garden plant with large green, yellow or red hollow seed pods; capsicum 辣椒; 番椒. (b) one of these pods used as a vegetable 辣椒（蔬菜）: peppers stuffed with meat and rice 肉末大米填充的辣椒. pepper v. 1 [Tn] put pepper on (food) 在（食物）上撒胡椒粉. 2 [Tn.pr] ~sb/sth with sth hit sb/sth repeatedly with small objects 用小物体不断打击某人 [某物]: The wall had been peppered with bullets. 墙上有密集的子弹痕迹. * a batsman peppering the field with shots 击球手把球连续 不断地击向场地 * (fig 比喻) pepper sb with questions 像开连珠炮般向某人提出许多问题. peppery / 5pepErI; `pZpErI/ adj 1 tasting of or likepepper （似）胡椒味的, 辣椒味的; 辣的. 2 easily angered; hot-tempered 暴躁的; 易怒的; 性子急的: a peppery old colonel 脾气暴躁的老上 校. pepper-and-salt adj. 1 (of cloth) having dark and light wools woven together to show a mixture of dark and light spots （指布料）黑白毛混纺的. 2 (of hair) white and brown together （指毛发）花 白的, 灰褐色的. peppercorn n. dried berry that is ground to make pepper 胡椒粒. ,peppercorn `rent very low rent 极 低的租金. pepper-mill n. container in which peppercorns are ground to powder for sprinkling on food （用手碾 的）胡椒磨. pepper-pot n. small container with holes in the top, used for sprinkling pepper on food 胡椒瓶. Cf 参看 salt-cellar (salt). peppermint / 5pepEmInt; `pZpL9mInt/ n (a) [U] type of mint grown for its strong-flavoured oil which is used in sweets and in medicine 胡椒薄荷: oil of peppermint 胡椒薄荷油. (b) (also mint) [C] sweet flavoured with oil of peppermint 薄荷糖: suck a peppermint 吃薄荷糖 * [attrib 作定语] peppermint creams 薄荷奶油. Cf 参看 spearmint. pepsin / 5pepsIn; `pZpsIn/ n [U] liquid produced in the stomach which helps food to be digested 胃蛋 白. peptic / 5peptIk; `pZptIk/ adj of digestion or the digestive system 消化的; 消化系统的: a peptic ulcer, ie one in the digestive system 消化性溃疡. per / pE(r); pL; strong form 强读式p\:(r); p[/ prep (used to express rates, prices, etc 用以表示比率、 价格等) for each (unit of time, length, etc) 每, 每一（时间、长度等单位）: 60 per day 每天60 英 镑* 2 per person 每人2 英镑* calculated per square yard 以每平方码计算的* 45 revolutions per minute 每分钟45 转* 100 miles per hour 每小时100 英里 per annum / pEr 5AnEm; pL`AnEm/ adv for each year 每年: earning 15000 per annum 每年挣 15000 英镑. per capita / pE 5kApItE; pL`kApItE/ adv, adj [attrib 作定语] for each person 每人（的）; 人均（的）: Per capita incomes rose sharply last year. 去岁人均收入剧增. per cent (US percent) / pE 5sent; pL`sZnt/ adj, adv in or for every hundred 每一百之中（的）: a fifty per cent (ie 50%) increase in price 价格上涨百分之五十（即50%）* working twenty per cent harder 再多使二分劲儿. per cent (US percent) n. [C usu sing, but with sing or pl v 通常作单数，但可与单数或复数动词连用] one part in every hundred; percentage 百分之一; 百分比: half a per cent, ie 0.5% 百分之零点五（即 0.5%）* Over sixty per cent of families own/owns a television. 百分之六十以上的家庭已有电视机. * What per cent of the population read/reads books? 识字的人占人口的百分之几? per pro / 9p\: 5prEU; 9p[ `pro/ abbr 缩写= pp 2. per se / 9p\: 5seI; `p[`si/ (Latin 拉) by or of itself; intrinsically 本身; 本质上: The drug is not harmful per se, but is dangerous when taken with alcohol. 该药本身并无害处, 但与酒类同服则有 危险. perambulate / pE5rAmbjUleIt; pL`AmbjE9let/ v (fml or rhet 文或修辞) 1 [Tn] walk about, through or over (a place) 漫步于, 步行通过（某地）: perambulate the boundaries of his estate 巡视他的庄 园地界. 2 [I] walkaround or up and down 到处走; 漫步; 散步: perambulateafter lunch 午饭后散 步. perambulation / pE9rmbjU5leIFn; pL9AmbjE`leFEn/ n [C, U]: He saw many strange things during his perambulations in the old city. 他到那古老的城市里闲逛, 看见很多奇怪的事物. perambulator / pE5rAmbjUleItE(r); pL`AmbjE9letL/ n (Brit fml 文) pram （手推的四轮的）幼儿车. perceive / pE5si:v; pL`siv/ v 1 [Tn, Tf, Tw, Tnt, Tng] (fml 文) become aware of (sb/sth); notice; observe 意识到, 注意到, 观察到（某人[某事物]）: I perceived a change in his behaviour/that his behaviour had changed. 我发觉他的行为有些变化. * We had already perceived how the temperature fluctuated. 我们已注意到温度的波动情形. * The patient was perceived to have difficulty in standing and walking. 据观察所见, 病人站立和行走都有困难. 2 [Cn.n/a] ~ sth as sth interpret sth in a certain way; view 理解或领悟某事物; 认为: I perceived his comment as a challenge. 我认为他 的批评是对我的激励. perceivable adj. percentage / pE5sentIdV; pL`sZntIdV/ n 1 [C] rate, number or amount in each hundred 百分比; 百 分率: The figure is expressed as a percentage. 那数字是以百分比表示的. * The salesmen get a percentage (ie a commission) on everything they sell. 这些推销员可从推销的商品上获得一定百分 比的佣金. * [attrib 作定语] a percentage increase in ticket prices 票价上涨的百分比. 2 [sing or pl v] proportion 比例; 部分: What percentage of his income is taxable? 他的收入有多少需纳所得税? * An increasing percentage of the population own their own homes. 自己有房子的人占人口比例越 来越大了. percentile / pE5sentaIl; pL`sZntaIl/ (US centile) n (a) (in statistics) any of 99 points at which a range of data is divided to make 100 groups of equal size （统计学上的）百分位数. (b) any of these groups 百分位数之一: an examination score in the 85th percentile, ie a score higher than 85 per cent of all scores attained in an examination 第85 百分位的考分（高于考试中总得分的85%的分数）. perceptible / pE5septEbl; pL`sZptEbl/ adj ~ (to sb) (fml 文) 1 that can be observed with the senses 可感知的; 可觉察的: perceptible movements, sounds, etc 可察觉的物体运动、声响等. 2 great enough to be noticed orobserved 能感觉到的; 看得出的; 可观察到的: perceptible change, deterioration, improvement, increase, loss of colour 看得出的变化、恶化、改善、增长、褪色. perceptibility / pE9septE5bIlEtI; pL9sZptE`bIlEtI/ n [U]. perceptibly / -EblI; -EblI/ adv: The patient has improved perceptibly. 已看出病人有好转. extra-sensory perception / 9ekstrE9sensErI pE5sepFn; 9ZkstrE 9sZnsErI pL`sZpFEn/ (abbr 缩写 ESP) (supposed) ability to perceive outside, past or future events without the use of the known senses 超感官知觉; 超感觉力: He seems to know when his wife is away from home by some kind of extra-sensory perception. 他凭某种超感觉力似乎知道妻子何时不在家. perception / pE5sepFn; pL`sZpFEn/ n (fml 文) 1 [U] ability to see, hear or understand 感知能力; 认识能力: improve one's powers of perception 提高认识能力. 2 [U] quality of understanding; insight 悟性; 洞察力: His analysis of the problem showed great perception. 他对该问题的分析显 示出敏锐的洞察力. 3 [C] ~ (that...) way of seeing or understanding sth 看法; 理解: My perception of the matter is that... 我对此事的看法是... * his perception that conditions had not changed 他认为 情况无变化. perceptive / pE5septIv; pL`sZptIv/ adj (fml 文) 1 quick to notice and understand things 观察敏锐 的; 善于理解的: The most perceptive of the three, she was the first to realize the potential danger of their situation. 她在他们三人中最敏感, 首先意识到他们处境的潜在危险. 2 having or showing understanding or insight; discerning 有理解力的; 有洞察力的; 有识别力的: a perceptive analysis, comment, judgement, etc 富有见地的分析、评论、判断等. 3 [attrib 作定语] of or concerning perception 感知的; 有感知的; 有理解力的; 有洞察力的: perceptive skills 理解的技巧. perceptively adv. perceptiveness, perceptivity / 9p\:sep5tIvEtI; 9p[sZp`tIvEtI/ ns [U]: show rare perceptiveness 显示 罕有的理解力. perch / p\:tF; p[tF/ n 1 (a) place where a bird rests, eg a branch 鸟类的栖息处（如树枝）. (b) bar or rod for this purpose, eg in a bird-cage or hen-roost （作此用途的）棍, 杆（如鸟笼或鸡窝中的）. 2 (infml 口) high seat or position 高座; 高位: He watched the game from his perch on top of the wall. 他在墙头居高临下看比赛. 3 (also pole, rod) measure of length equal to 5 yds or 5.03 metres, used esp for land 杆（长度单位, 等于5 码或5.03 米, 尤用以丈量土地）. =>App 5 见附录5. 4 (idm 习 语) knock sb off his pedestal/perch => knock. perch v. 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (on sth) (of a bird) come to rest or stay (on a branch, etc) （指鸟）栖息, 停留 （枝上等）: The birds perched on the television aerial. 鸟停在电视天线上. 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (on sth) (of a person) sit, esp on sth high or narrow （指人）坐著（尤指坐在高处或窄物上）: perch on high stools at the bar 坐在酒吧的高凳上* perch dangerously on a narrow ledge 坐在狭窄的边缘上, 十分危 险* perch on the edge of one's seat 坐在座位的边上. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr] place (sth), esp in a high or dangerous position 将（某物）置于尤指高处或危险处: a hut perched at the edge of the cliff 悬崖边 上的小舍* perch a beret on the side of one's head 歪戴贝雷帽* a castle perched above the river 临河而建的城堡. perch / p\:tF; p[tF/ n (pl unchanged 复数不变) any of several types of freshwater fish with spiny fins, eaten as food 鲈. perchance / pE5tFB:ns; ?@ -5tFAns; pL`tFAns/ adv (arch 古) 1 perhaps 也许; 可能. 2 by chance 偶然; 万一. percipient / pE5sIpIEnt; pL`sIpIEnt/ adj (fml 文) 1 noticing or understanding things quickly or clearly; perceptive 感知或理解敏锐的; 观察深刻的: a percipient onlooker 目光敏锐的旁观者. 2 having or showing insight; discerning 有洞察力的; 有识别力的: a percipient comment 精辟的评 论. percipience / pE5sIpIEns; pL`sIpIEns/ n [U]. percolate / 5p\:kEleIt; `p[kE9let/ v 1 (infml 口语作perk) (a) [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (through sth)/~ (through) (of water) pass slowly through (coffee); filter through （指水）经（咖啡）渗透, 过滤: The coffee is percolating, ie Boiling water is passing through ground coffee beans. 正在用过滤法煮咖啡. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (through sth/through) cause (water) to pass slowly through (coffee) 使（水）经（咖 啡）过滤: coffee made by percolating boiling water through ground coffee beans 用过滤法煮的咖啡 * I'll percolate some coffee, ie make it by percolating. 我去用过滤法煮些咖啡. 2 (a) [Ipr, Ip] ~ through (sth) (of liquid) pass slowly through (sth) （指液体）渗透过（某物）: water percolating through sand 渗过沙层的水. (b) [Ipr] ~ through sth (of an idea, a feeling, information) spread or become known gradually （指思想、感情、信息）逐渐传播或透露: The rumour percolated through the firm. 那谣言在公司里慢慢流传开来. percolation / 9p\:kE5leIFn; 9p[kE`leFEn/ n [C, U]. percolator n. (a) pot for making and serving coffee, in which boiling water is repeatedly forced up a central tube and filtered down through ground coffee 过滤式咖啡壶. (b) any other apparatus for percolating liquids 过滤器. percussion / pE5kQFn; pL`kQFEn/ n 1 [U] (a) striking of two (usu hard) objects together 两物相撞 （通常指硬物）. (b) sound or shock that is the result of this 碰撞发出的声音或震动. 2 [U] method of playing a musical instrument by striking it with another object （打击乐器的）演奏（法）, 打击. 3 the percussion [pl v] (alsoper`cussion section) (players of) percussion instrumentsin an orchestra （管弦乐队的）打击乐器（的演奏组）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1 插图, page xi. 4 [U] (medical 医) gentle tapping of the surface of the body as part of a medical examination 叩诊. percussionist / -FEnIst; -FEnIst/ n person who plays percussion instruments 打击乐器演奏者. percussion cap (also cap) small metal or paper device containing explosive powder, which explodes when struck 发火帽; 雷管. percussion instrument musical instrument (eg drum, tambourine, xylophone) played by striking it with another object 打击 乐器（如鼓、铃鼓、木琴）. perdition / pE5dIFn; pL`dIFEn/ n [U] 1 (fml religion 文, 宗) everlasting punishment of the wicked after death （恶人死后的）永久惩罚: damned to perdition 万劫不复. 2 (arch 古) total destruction 全部毁灭. peregrination / 9perIgrI5neIFn; 9pZrE-rI`neFEn/ n (fml 文) 1 [U] travelling 旅行. 2 [C] journey 旅程; 游历: his peregrinations in southern Europe 他在南欧的游历. peregrine / 5perIgrIn; `pZrE-rIn/ n (also peregrine falcon) large black and white bird of prey that can be trained to hunt and catch small birds and animals 游隼; 鸭鹰. peremptory / pE5remptErI; ?@ 5perEmptR:rI; `pZrEmp9tRrI/ adj (fml 文) 1 (esp derog 尤作贬义) (of a person, his manner, etc) insisting on immediate obedience or submission; domineering （指人、 举止等）专横的, 霸道的: His peremptory tone of voice irritated everybody. 他那专横的口气激怒了 大家. 2 (of commands) not to be disobeyed or questioned （指命令）不容抗拒的, 不容分说的, 强 制的: a peremptory dismissal, rebuke, shout 不容分说的解雇、指责、喊叫. peremptorily / -trElI; ?@ -tR:rElI; -tRrElI/ adv. peremptory writ ( law 律) document in which a defendant is ordered to appear in court 传票. perennial / pE5renIEl; pE`rZnIEl/ adj 1 lasting for a long time 长久的; 持久的: a perennial subject of interest 永恒的主题. 2 constantly recurring 一再的; 反覆出现的: aperennial problem 反覆出 现的问题 * perennial complaints 一再的抱怨. 3 (of plants) living for more than two years （指植 物）多年生的. perennial n. perennial plant 多年生植物: hardy perennials, ie plants that can normally tolerate frost 耐寒的多年生植物. perennially / -nIElI; -nIElI/ adv. perestroika / 9pere5strRIkE; 9pZrE`strRIkE/ n [U] (Russian 俄) (formaly) restructuring of the Soviet economic and political system （旧时）（苏联经济与政治体制的）改革. perfect / 5p\:fIkt; `p[fIkt/ adj 1 (a) having everything needed; complete 完备的; 完全的: in perfect condition 情况完好* a perfect set of teeth 一副完整的牙齿. (b) without fault; excellent 完美的; 无瑕的; 优异的: a perfect performance of the play 该剧完美的演出* perfect weather, behaviour 美好的天气、优秀的品行* a perfect score, ie one in which no points have been lost; 100 per cent 满分（100 分）* Nobody is perfect. 人无完人. * speak perfect English 英语说得地道. 2 the best of its kind; ideal 最佳的; 理想的: the perfect meal 精美的饭食* the perfect crime, ie one in which the criminal is never discovered 不露蛛丝马迹的罪行. 3 exact; precise 准确的; 精确的: a perfect circle, square 正圆、正方 * a perfect copy, match, fit 精确的副本、匹配、配合 * perfect accuracy, timing 极精确、极合时机. 4 ~ for sb/sth highly suitable for sb/sth; exactly right for sb/sth 极适合于某人[某事物]; 对某人[某事物]正合适: perfect for each other 最佳搭档 * perfect day for a picnic 最适合野餐的日子. 5 (grammar) (of verb tenses) composed of has/have or had + past participle （指动词时态）完成式的（由has/have 或had+ 过去分词组成）: the present and past perfect tenses, eg `I have eaten'/`I had eaten' 现在完成式和过去完成式（如I have eaten/I had eaten）. 6 [attrib 作定语] (infml 口) total; absolute 全部的; 绝对的: perfect nonsense, rubbish, etc 纯粹胡 说八道、一派胡言* a perfect fool, pest, stranger, etc 十足的傻瓜、害人精、异乡人等 * She's a perfect angel! 她是真正的好人! 7 (idm 习语) practice makes perfect => practice. perfect n. the perfect [sing] perfect tense 完成时态: The verb is in the perfect. 那动词是完成式. * the present/past perfect 现在[过去]完成式. perfectly adv 1 in a perfect way 完美地; 完满地;极佳地: The trousers fit perfectly. 这条裤子非常合身.2 completely; quite 完全地; 十分: perfectly happy, satisfied, content, etc 十分快乐、满意、满足等 * perfectly well 极好* perfectly able to find her own way 完全能找到她自己的出路. 3 (infml 口) extremely; absolutely 极; 非常; 绝对地: a perfectly delicious cake 非常好吃的蛋糕 * perfectly awful weather 极坏的天气* a perfectly foul headache 剧烈的头痛. perfect pitch (also absolute pitch) ( music 音) ability to recognize or sing any musical note 完全音 高（感）, 绝对音高（感）（对任何一个乐音的识别力或演唱力）: She has perfect/absolute pitch. 她 有完全音高感. perfect / pE5fekt; pL`fZkt/ v [Tn] make (sth) perfect or complete 使（某事物）完美、完善或完备: She needs to perfect her Arabic before going to work in Cairo. 她需要把阿拉伯语学好才能到开罗 工作. * a violinist who spent years perfecting his technique 花了多年时间使演奏技术炉火纯青的 小提琴手. perfectible adj. that can be perfected 可使之完美的; 可臻完善的. perfectibility / pE9fektE5bIlEtI; pL9fZktE`bIlEtI/ n [U]. perfection / pE5fekFn; pL`fZkFEn/ n 1 [U] making perfect 完美, 完善, 完备, 圆满（指过程）: They are working on the perfection of their new paint formula. 他们正在努力研制尽善尽美的新颜 料配方. 2 [U] state of being perfect; faultlessness 完美, 完善, 完备, 圆满（指状况）: Perfection is impossible to achieve in that kind of work. 那种工作不可能做到十全十美. * aim for perfection 力 求完善* bring sth to perfection 使某事十全十美. 3 [U] highest state or quality; ideal 尽善尽美 的状况或质量; 理想: Her singing was perfection. 她的歌唱得已是炉火纯青. 4 (idm 习语) a counsel of perfection => counsel. to per`fection exactly to the right degree; perfectly 恰到好处; 尽善 尽美: wine aged to perfection 陈年佳酿* a dish cooked to perfection 烹调至恰到好处的菜. perfectionist / -FEnIst; -FEnIst/ n 1 person who is not satisfied with anything less than perfection 完美主义者; 至善论者. 2 (derog 贬) person who insists on perfection in every detail even when it is not necessary 过分的完美主义者. perfectionism / pE5fekFEnIzEm; pL`fZkFEnIzEm/ n [U]. perfidy / 5p\:fIdI; `p[fEdI/ n ~ (to/towards sb) (fml 文) (a) [U] acting in a treacherous or disloyal way 背叛; 背信弃义; 不忠. (b) [C] instance of this 背叛; 背信弃义; 不忠. perfidious / pE5fIdIEs; pL`fIdIEs/ adj ~ (to/towards sb) (fml 文) treacherous, deceitful or disloyal 背叛的; 背信弃义的; 不忠的: betrayed by perfidious allies 遭背信弃义的盟友出卖. perfidiously adv. perfidiousness n. [U]. perforate / 5p\:fEreIt; `p[fE9ret/ v [Tn] 1 make a hole or holes through (sth) 在（某物）上穿孔或打 眼: perforate the cover to let air in 在盖子上打眼让空气进入 * [attrib 作定语] a perforated ulcer 穿孔的溃疡. 2 make a row of small holes (esp in paper) so that it will tear easily 在（尤指纸）上打 齿孔（以便撕开）: [attrib 作定语] a perforated sheet of postage stamps 有齿孔的邮票联张. perforation / 9p\:fE5reIFn; 9p[fE`reFEn/ n 1 [U] perforating or being perforated （在某物上）穿 孔; （在纸等上）打齿孔. 2 [C] series of small holes made in paper, etc （纸等上的）齿孔: tear the sheet along the perforations 顺齿孔撕下该页. perforce / pE5fR:s; pL`fRrs/ adv (arch or fml 古或文) because it is necessary or inevitable 必; 必然; 必定. perform / pE5fR:m; pL`fRrm/ v 1 [Tn] do (a piece of work, sth one is ordered to do, sth one has agreed to do) 做, 执行, 履行（某事）: perform a task, one's duty, a miracle 执行任务、履行义务、 做出奇迹* perform an operation to save his life 动手术挽救他的生命. 2 [I, Ipr, Tn] act (a play), play (a piece of music) or do (tricks) to entertain an audience 表演（戏剧）; 演奏（音乐）; 表演（戏 法）: They are performing his play/piano concerto tonight. 他们今晚演出他的剧[钢琴协奏曲]. * watch sb perform 看某人表演* perform skilfully on the flute 熟练地吹奏横笛* perform live on television 电视实况演出*performing seals in a circus 在马戏团里表演驯海豹. 3 [I](with an adv 与副词连用) (of a machine, an invention, etc) work or function （指机器等）工作, 运转; （指发明 等）运用, 使用: How is the new car performing? 新汽车性能如何? * The new drug has performed well in tests. 那种新药试验效果不错. 4 [Tn] act in an official way (at sth) 正式进行, 施行（某 事）: perform a ceremony, rite, ritual, etc 举行典礼、仪式等. performer n. person who performs in front of an audience 表演者; 演出者: an accomplished performer 有造诣的表演者. performing arts drama, music, dance, etc which are performed in front of an audience 表演艺术. performance / pE5fR:mEns; pL`fRrmEns/ n 1 [sing] process or manner of performing 执行; 履行; 工作; 作用; 施行; 进行: faithful in the performance of his duties 忠于（他的）职守. 2 (a) [C] performing of a play at the theatre or some other entertainment （在剧院等的）演出, 表演: the evening performance 晚场演出* give a performance of `Hamlet' 演出《哈姆雷特》. (b) [U] in ~ performing in a concert or other entertainment （在音乐会等的）演出, 演奏: Come and see her in performance with the new band. 来看她在新乐队中的演奏吧. 3 (a) [C] (esp outstanding) action or achievement （尤指出色的）表现, 行为, 成就: She won a gold medal for her fine performance in the contest. 她在竞赛中成绩优异获金牌. * His performance in the test was not good enough. 他在测验 中做的不够好. (b) [U] ability to move quickly, operate efficiently, etc （良好的）性能, 工作情况: The customer was impressed by the machine's performance. 客户对机器的良好性能很满意. * Performance is less important than reliability in a car. 汽车的可靠性比其机械性能更重要. 4 [C] (infml 口) (a) ridiculous or disgraceful behaviour （可笑的或丢脸的）行为, 举动: What a performance the child made! 那孩子真丢人! (b) (esp unnecessary) fuss or trouble （尤指不必要的） 忙乱, 麻烦: He goes through the whole performance of checking the oil and water every time he drives the car. 他每次开汽车都总是不厌其烦地把油和水整个检查一遍. perfume / 5p\:fju:m; ?@ also pEr5fju:m; `p[fjum,pL`fjum/ n [C, U] 1 fragrant or pleasant smell 香 味;芳香: the perfume of the flowers 花的香味 * flowery perfumes 花的香味. 2 (any of several types of) sweet-smelling liquid, often made from flowers, used esp on the body 香水: sell perfumes and toilet-waters 经售各种香水和化妆水* French perfume 法国香水. perfume / pE5fju:m; pL`fjum/ v [Tn] 1 (of flowers, etc) give a fragrant smell to (sth) （指花等） 使（某物）带香味: The roses perfumed the room. 玫瑰花熏得室内一片香. 2 put perfume on (sb/sth) 向（某人[某物]）洒香水: perfume a handkerchief 往手绢上洒香水. perfumer / pE5fju:mE(r); pL`fjumL/ (also perfumier / pE5fju:mIeI; pL`fjumIe/) n person who makes and/or sells perfume 香水制造商; 售香水者 perfumery / pE5fju:mErI; pL`fjumErI/ n 1 [C] place where perfumes are made or sold 香水制造 厂; 香水商店. 2 [U] process of making perfume 香水的制造. perfunctory / pE5fQNktErI; pL`fQNktErI/ adj (fml 文)(a) (of an action) done as a duty or routine, without care or interest （指行为）敷衍的, 马虎的, 例行的: a perfunctory examination, greeting, salute 例行的考试、问候、致意. (b) (of a person) doing things in this way （指人）做事敷衍塞 责的. perfunctorily / -trElI; -tErElI/ adv: check the luggage perfunctorily 对行李作例行的检查. perfunctoriness n. [U]. pergola / 5p\:gElE; `p[-ElE/ n structure of posts for climbing plants, forming an arbour or a covered walk in a garden （花园中的）凉棚, 藤架 perhaps / pE5hps, also prps; pL`hAps, prAps/ adv it may be (that); possibly 也许; 大概; 可能: Perhaps the weather will change this evening. 今晚可能要变天. * Perhaps it will, perhaps it won't. 也许会, 也许不会. * It is, perhaps, the best known of his works. 大概那是他最著名的作品了. * Perhaps not/so, ie expressing half-heartedagreement with what a person says. 未必吧[也许如此]. * Perhaps you would be kind enough to..., ie a polite way of saying `Would you...?' 是否可以请您.... peri-pref. 1 around 周围: periscope * periphrasis * perimeter. 2 near 近: perihelion * perigee. perigee / 5perIdVi:; `pZrE9dVi/ n point in the orbit of the moon, a planet or a spacecraft at which it is nearest to the earth 近地点（月球、行星或航天器轨道上距地球最近的点）. perihelion / 9perI5hi:lIEn; 9pZrI`hilIEn/ n (pl -lia / -lIE;-lIE/) point in the orbit of a planet, comet, etc at which it is nearest to the sun 近日点（行星、彗星等轨道上距太阳最近的点）. peril / 5perEl; `pZrEl/ n 1 [U] serious danger (esp of death) 严重危险（尤指死亡的）: in great, mortal, etc peril 在严重的、致命的...危险中. 2 [C usu pl 通常作复数] dangerous thing or circumstance 危险的事物或环境: face the perils of the ocean, ie storm, shipwreck, etc 面对海上的 危险（风暴、船只失事等）* These birds are able to survive the perils of the Arctic winter. 这些鸟 能在北极的严冬中生存. 3 (idm 习语) at one's peril (used esp when advising sb not to do sth 尤用 于劝某人不做某事) with a risk of harm to oneself 冒险: The bicycle has no brakes you ride it at your peril. 这辆自行车没闸--你要骑可太危险了. * One ignores letters from the bank manager at one's peril. 忽视银行经理来函, 后果堪虑. in ,peril of one's `life in danger of death 冒生命危险. perilous / 5perElEs; `pZrElEs/ adj full of risk; dangerous 多险的; 危险的: a perilous journey across the mountains 横越重山的艰险征途. perilously adv: perilously hot, fast, steep, etc 热得、快得、陡 得...易出危险* They were perilously close to the edge of the precipice. 他们离悬崖边很近, 十分 危险. perimeter / pE5rImItE(r); pE`rImEtL/ n 1 (length of the) outer edge of a closed geometric shape 周; 周边; 边缘; 周长. 2 boundary of an area 周围的界限: Guards patrolled the perimeter of the airfield. 卫兵沿机场四周巡逻. * [attrib 作定语] the perimeter fence 周围的篱笆. Cf 参看 circumference. period / 5pIErIEd; `pIrIEd/ n 1 length or portion of time 一段时间; 时期: a period of three years 三年的时间* He has had several long periods of work abroad. 他在国外长期工作过几次. * a period of peace, recovery, uncertainty 和平、恢复、不稳定时期* showers and sunny periods, eg in a weather forecast 阵雨间晴（如在天气预报所述） * The work must be completed within a two-month period. 工作须于两月内完成. * The incubation period (ie The delay between catching a disease and the symptoms appearing) is two weeks. 该疾病的潜伏期为两星期. 2 (a) portion of time in the life of a person, nation or civilization （人、国家、文明的）时期, 时代: a painting belonging to the artist's early period 该画家早期的画* the period of the French Revolution 法国大 革命时期* the post-war period 战后时期* The house is 18th century and has furniture of the period, ie of the same century. 那房子是18 世纪的, 而且还有那时代的家具. * The actors wore costumes of the period, ie of the time when the events of the play took place. 演员穿著剧中时代的 服装. * [usu attrib 通常作定语] period dress, furniture, etc 某时代的服装、家具等* a period cottage, ie not modern 某时代的村舍. (b) (geology 地质) portion of time in the development of the earth's surface 纪: the Jurassic period 侏罗纪. 3 (time allowed for a) lesson in school （学校的） 课, 课时, 学时: a teaching period of 45 minutes 45 分钟的一堂课* a free period 没课的一节 * three periods of geography a week 每周三节地理课. 4 (a) monthly flow of blood from the womb of a woman; menstruation 月经: have a period 来月经 * [attrib 作定语] period pains 月经痛. (b) time of this 月经期. 5 (esp US) (a) = full stop (full). (b) sign of punctuation (.) marking this in writing and print 句号. =>App 3 见附录3. (c) (infml 口) (added to the end of a statement to stress its completeness 加于一段话之后以强调完毕): We can't pay higher wages, period, ie that is final. 我们 不能付再高的工资了, 话就说到这里. 6 (grammar) complete sentence, esp one having several clauses 完全句（尤指有几个分句者）. 7 (astronomy 天) time taken to complete one revolution 周 期. period piece ( infml 口) old-fashioned person or thing 旧式的、老式的或过时的人或事物: The play, which once seemed so modern, has become a period piece. 那出戏, 一度似乎相当时新, 如今 已成明日黄花. periodic / 9pIErI5CdIk; 9pIrI`BdIk/ adj occurring or appearing at (esp regular) intervals 定期的; 周 期的: periodic attacks of dizziness 眩晕的周期性发作* a periodic review of expenditure 对支出的 定期核查. periodical / -kl; -kl/ n, adj (magazine or other publication) that is published at regular intervals, eg weekly or monthly 定期出版的; 期刊. periodically/-klI; -klI/ adv at (esp regular) intervals 定期地; 周期地. periodic table ( chemistry 化) arrangement of chemical elements according to their atomic weights 周期表. =>App 10 见附录10. peripatetic / 9perIpE5tetIk; 9pZrEpE`tZtIk/ adj 1 going from place to place 到处走的; 漫游的; 巡 回的. 2 (Brit) (of teachers) employed at two or more schools and travelling between them （指教师） 在多所学校兼课的: Peripatetic music teachers visit the school regularly. 兼职音乐教师定期到校授 课. peripatetically / -klI; -klI/ adv. periphery / pE5rIfErI; pE`rIfErI/ n (fml 文) 1 (a) boundary of a surface or an area 外围; 边缘. (b) area near this on either side 外围或边缘的地方: industrial development on the periphery (ie outskirts) of the town 郊区的工业发展. 2 (fig 比喻) (esp in social, political or intellectual life) position far away from the centre; the fringe （尤指社交、政治或文化生活的）外围, 边缘: The ideas are also expressed by minor poets on the periphery of the movement. 该运动外围一些不大出名的诗人也表 达了这些观点. 3 (also pe,ripheral de`vice) (computing 计) device attached to a computer that transfers information into or out of the computer 外围设备: display units, printers and other peripherals 显示装置、打印机及其他外部设备. peripheral / -ErEl; -ErEl/ adj 1 ~ (to sth) of secondary or minor importance (to sth) 次要的; 不重 要的: topics peripheral to the main theme 围绕中心议题的小题目. 2 of or on a periphery 外围的; 边缘的: peripheral zones 边缘地带. peripherally / -ErElI; -ErElI/ adv. periphrasis / pE5rIfrEsIs; pE`rIfrEsIs/ n (pl -ases / -Esi:z; -E9siz/) (fml 文) 1 (a) [U] roundabout way of expressing sth; circumlocution 折绕; 迂说法; 婉曲. (b) [C] roundabout expression in speaking or writing, eg `give expression to' instead of `express' 折绕语, 婉曲修辞（如用give expression to 而不用express）. 2 (grammar) (a) [U] use of an auxiliary word or a syntactic pattern in place of an inflected form, eg `It does work' for `It works' or `the word of God' for `God's word' 迂说 法（用助动词或句法形式而不用动词词尾变化形式, 如用It does work 代替It works 或用the word of God 代替God's word）. (b) [C] example of this 迂说. periphrastic / 9perI5frAstIk; 9pZrE`frAstIk/ adj of, expressed in or using periphrasis 迂说法的; 用 迂说法表达的. periphrastically / -klI; -klI/ adv. periscope / 5perIskEUp; `pZrE9skop/ n apparatus with mirrors and lenses arranged in a tube so that the user has a view of the surrounding area above, eg from a submarine when it is under water 潜望 镜. periscopic / 9perI5skCpIk; 9pZrE`skBpIk/ adj of or like a periscope （似）潜望镜的. perish / 5perIF; `pZrIF/ v 1 [I] (fml 文) be destroyed; die 毁灭; 死亡: Thousands of people perished in the earthquake. 那次地震死者数以千计. * We shall do it or perish in the attempt. 我们 将拚死一试. 2 [I, Tn] (esp Brit) (cause sth to) rot; (cause rubber to) lose its elasticity （使某物）腐 烂; （使橡胶）失去弹性, 老化: The seal on the bottle has perished. 瓶子的封记已经腐烂. * If any oil gets on the car tyres, it will perish them. 汽车胎沾上油就会毁坏. 3 (idm 习语) ,perish the `thought (infml 口) may it never happen 但愿别这样: The neighbours' children want to learn to play the trumpet, perish the thought! 邻居的孩子想学吹小号, 但愿他们别学! perishable adj. (esp of food) likely to decay or go bad quickly （尤指食物）易腐的, 易坏的: Perishable food should be stored in a refrigerator. 易腐的食物应储存在冰箱里. perishables n. [pl] goods (esp food) which go bad or decay quickly, such as fish or soft fruit 易腐物 品（尤指食物, 如鱼或浆果）: Perishables need to be consumed as quickly as possible. 易腐烂的食 物要尽快吃掉. perished adj. [pred 作表语] (esp Brit) in extreme discomfort through cold, etc （因寒冷等）极不适, 极难受: We were perished with cold and hunger. 我们饥寒交迫. * The children were perished when they arrived home. 孩子们到家时难受已极. perisher n. (dated Brit sl 旧, 俚) annoying person, esp a child 讨厌鬼（尤指孩子）: Wait till I catch the little perisher! 等著, 瞧我逮住那小淘气! perishing adj. (esp Brit) 1 extremely cold 极冷的: I'm perishing! 我冷得要命! * It's perishing out there. 外面冷极了. * a period of perishing cold 极冷的一段时间. 2 (dated sl 旧, 俚) (used to express annoyance 用以表示恼怒) damned, etc 讨厌的; 该死的: I can't get in I've lost the perishing key! 我进不去--我把该死的钥匙丢了! perishing (also perishingly) adv (sl 俚 esp Brit) (used to emphasize sth bad 用以强调坏事) very 极; 很: It's perishing/perishingly cold out there. 外 面冷极了. * He's too perishing mean to pay his share. 他小气极了, 连自己的那份钱也不付. peristyle / 5perIstaIl; `pZrE9staIl/ n (architecture 建) (a) row of columns around a temple, courtyard, etc （殿堂、庭院等的）周柱廊: the imposing peristyle of the Parthenon 帕台农神庙雄伟的柱廊. (b) area enclosed by this 周柱中庭. peritonitis / 9perItE5naItIs; 9pZrEtE`naItIs/ n [U] (medical 医) painful inflammation of the membrane that covers the inside wall of the abdomen 腹膜炎. periwinkle / 5perIwINkl; `pZrE9wINkl/ n any of several types of evergreen plant with trailing stems and blue or white flowers 蔓长春花: [attrib 作定语] periwinkle blue 蔓长春花的蓝色. periwinkle / 5perIwINkl; `pZrE9wINkl/ (also winkle) n any of several types of small edible shellfish shaped like a snail 滨螺. perjure / 5p\:dVE(r); `p[dVL/ v [Tn] ~ oneself (law 律) tell a lie (esp in a court of law) after one has sworn an oath to tell the truth 发假誓, 作伪证（尤指在法庭上）: Several witnesses at the trial were clearly prepared to perjure themselves in order to protect the accused. 在审判时几个证人显然已准 备好为袒护被告而作伪证. perjurer / 5p\:dVErE(r); `p[dVErL/ n (law 律) person who has perjured himself 发假誓者; 作伪证 者. perjury / 5p\:dVErI; `p[dVErI/ n (law 律) (a) [U] action of perjuring oneself 发假誓; 作伪证: They tried to persuade her to commit perjury. 他们竭力说服她出庭作伪证. (b) [C] lie told after swearing to tell the truth, esp in a court of law 假誓, 伪证（尤指在法庭上的）. perk / p\:k; p[k/ v (phr v) perk up (infml 口) become more cheerful, lively or vigorous, esp after illness or depression 愉快、活跃或振作起来（尤指病后或曾消沉）: He looked depressed but perked up when his friends arrived. 他看上去无精打彩的, 但朋友一来就精神起来了. perk sb/sth up (infml 口) (a) make sb feel more cheerful or lively 使某人快活或活泼起来: A holiday would perk you up. 一放假你就快活了. (b) make sb look smarter 打扮某人: He had perked himself up for the occasion. 他为此事打扮了一番. (c) make (an outfit, aroom, a garden, etc) look smarter, better, more vigorous,etc 使（服装、房间、花园等）美观、精神: perk up the plants with a good watering 给 花草浇足水使之精神* You need a bright red scarf to perk up that grey suit. 你围上一条大红围巾 能显得那套灰西装更漂亮. 3 lift up (one's head or ears) 昂起（头）; 竖起（耳朵）: The horse perked up its head when I shouted. 我吆喝时那马扬起了头. perky adj. (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) 1 full of energy; lively 精力充沛的; 活跃的: He's still in hospital, but he seems quite perky. 他虽然还住著院, 可是看上去倒挺精神. 2 (too) full of self-confidence; cheeky （太）自信的; 厚脸皮的: That child is a bit too perky! 那孩子有点太放肆 了! perkily / -IlI; -ElI/ adv. perkiness n. [U]. perk / p\:k; p[k/ n (usu pl 通常作复数) (infml 口) (a) money or goods received as a right in addition to one's pay; perquisite （工资以外的）财物补贴, 额外收入, 津贴, 奖金, 小费: His perks include a car provided by the firm. 他的额外津贴包括公司提供的一辆汽车. (b) advantage or benefit of a particular job, one's position, etc （工作、职位等带来的）好处, 利益, 便利, 特权, 优待: One of the perks is the use of the official car park. 其中一项好处是可以使用公家的停车场. perk / p\:k; p[k/ v = percolate 1. perm / p\:m; p[m/ n 1 (infml 口) = permanent wave (permanent). 2 (infml 口) = permutation 1. perm v. [Tn] 1 give (sb's hair) a permanent wave 烫（发）: Her hair has been permed. 她的头发 烫过了. 2 make a permutation of (numbers) in a football pool （足球普尔赌博中）选定（数字组 合）. permafrost / 5p\:mEfrCst; ?@ -frR:st; `p[mE9frRst/ n [U] subsoil that is permanently frozen, eg in polar regions 永冻土, 永冻层（如在极地的）. permanence / 5p\:mEnEns; `p[mEnEns/ n [U] state of continuing or remaining for a long time 永久; 永恒; 恒久: Nothing threatens the permanence of the system. 该体系的永恒性不受任何事物的影 响. permanency / -nEnsI; -nEnsI/ n (fml 文) 1 [U] = permanence. 2 [C] permanent thing (esp a job) 永久性的事物（尤指工作）: Is the new post a permanency? 这一新职位是长期的吗? permanent / 5p\:mEnEnt; `p[mEnEnt/ adj (a) lasting or expected to last for a long time or for ever 永 久的; 永恒的; 长久的; 长期的: She is looking for permanent employment. 她正在找固定的工作. * The injury left him with a permanent limp. 他受伤后就一直瘸了. (b) not likely to change 不大可 能改变的: my permanent address 我的固定地址. Cf 参看 impermanent, temporary. permanently adv. permanent wave ( fml 文) (abbr 缩写perm) (US permanent) method of styling the hair in which it is treated with chemicals and set in waves or curls that last for several months （化学）烫发. permanent way ( Brit) railway track, ballast and sleepers on which the track is laid 铁路钢轨; 铁路 路基. permanganate / pE5mNgEneIt; p[`mAN-E9net/ (also potassium permanganate, permanganate of potash) n [U] dark purple salt of an acid containing manganese, used as a disinfectant and antiseptic when dissolved in water 高锰酸钾. permeate / 5p\:mIeIt; `p[mI9et/ v [Ipr, Tn] ~ (through) sth (fml 文) enter sth and spread to every part 弥漫; 散布; 充满; 遍布: Water has permeated (through) the soil. 水已渗遍那片土壤. * The smell of cooking permeates (through) the flat. 整套房间都弥漫著做菜的气味. * (fig 比喻) A mood of defeat permeated the whole army. 失败的情绪感染了全军. permeable / 5p\:mIEbl; `p[mIEbl/ adj (fml 文) that can be permeated by fluids or gas; porous 可渗 入的; 可渗透的. Cf 参看 impermeable. permeability / 9p\:mIE5bIlEtI; 9p[mIE`bIlEtI/ n [U]. permeation / 9p\:mI5eIFn; 9p[mI`eFEn/ n [U] (fml 文) permeating or being permeated 弥漫; 散布; 充满; 遍布. permissible / pE5mIsEbl; pL`mIsEbl/ adj (fml 文) that is or may be allowed 容许的; 可准许的: Delay is not permissible, even for a single day. 不得延误, 即使一日亦不可. * driving with more than the permissible level of alcohol in the blood 在血液中酒精含量超过许可标准的情况下开车. permissibly / -EblI; -EblI/ adv. permission / pE5mIFn; pL`mIFEn/ n [U] ~ (to do sth) act of allowing sb to do sth; consent 许可; 准 许; 允许; 同意: You have my permission to leave. 我准你离开. * She refused to give her permission. 她拒不同意. * They entered the area without permission. 他们未经许可擅入该地. * with your (kind) permission, ie if you will allow me 如蒙俯允. permissive / pE5mIsIv; pL`mIsIv/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (often derog 常作贬义) (a) allowing great freedomof behaviour, esp to children or in sexual matters 纵容的, 放任的（尤指对儿童或性关 系）: a permissive upbringing 放任的教养 * permissive parents 纵容子女的父母. (b) showing this freedom 显示纵容或放任的（尤指对儿童或性关系）: permissive attitudes, behaviour 放任的态度、 行为* the permissive society, ie the one resulting from social changes that began in the 1960s, with eg greater freedom of sexual behaviour, lessening of censorship, etc 放任的社会（60 年代社会变化 的产物, 如性解放、放宽审查尺度等）. permissively adv: children who have been brought up permissively 娇生惯养的儿童. permissiveness n. [U] being permissive in outlook or behaviour （看法或行为的）纵容, 放任. permit / pE5mIt; pL`mIt/ v (-tt-) (fml 文) 1 [Tn, Tg, Dn.n, Dn.t] give permission for (sth); allow 允 许, 许可, 容许（某事物）: Dogs are not permitted in the building. 不得携狗进入楼内. * We do not permit smoking in the office. 在我们的办公室里不准吸烟. * The prisoners were permitted two hours' exercise a day. 允许犯人每天有两小时户外活动. * Permit me to explain. 容我解释一下. * The council will not permit you to build here. 委员会不会允许你们在这一带搞建筑. 2 [I, Tn, Cn.t] make (sth) possible 使（某事物）有可能性: I'll come tomorrow, weather permitting, ie if the weather doesn't prevent me. 要是天气许可, 我明天一定来. * The new road system permits the free flow of traffic at all times. 新的道路系统可使车辆在任何时候都畅通无阻. * The windows permit light and air to enter. 这些窗户采光及通风性能良好. 3[Ipr no passive 不用于被动语态] (esp in negative sentences 尤用于否定句) ~ of sth admit sth as possible; tolerate 认可; 容忍: The situation does not permit of any delay. 情势刻不容缓. permit / 5p\:mIt; `p[mIt/ n official document that gives sb the right to do sth, esp to go somewhere 许可证; （尤指）通行证: You cannot enter a military base without a permit. 无通行证者不得擅入 军事基地. permutation / 9p\:mju:5teIFn; 9p[mjE`teFEn/ n (fml 文) 1 (esp mathematics 尤用于数学) (a) [U] variation in the order of a set of things 排列; 置换. (b) [C] any one of these arrangements 一组排列: The permutations of x, y and z are xyz, xzy, yxz, yzx, zxy, zyx. x 、 y、 z 的排列是xyz 、 xzy、 yxz 、 yzx 、 zxy 、 zyx. 2 (infml 口语作perm) (Brit) (esp in football pools) selection of items from a group, to be arranged in a number of combinations （尤指足球普尔赌博中的）选定组合. permute / pE5mju:t; pL`mjut/ v [Tn] vary the order or arrangement of (sth) 改变（某事物）的次序或 排列. pernicious / pE5nIFEs; pL`nIFEs/ adj (fml 文) ~ (to sb/sth) having a very harmful or destructive effect (on sb/sth) 有害的; 恶性的; 破坏性的: a pernicious influence on society 对社会有害的影响 * a pernicious campaign to blacken his character 旨在诋毁他的人格的恶意宣传活动* Pollution of the water supply reached a level pernicious to the health of the population. 水源污染已达到危及居 民健康的程度. perniciously adv. perniciousness n. [U]. pernicious anaemia ( medical 医) severe form of anaemia that is sometimes fatal 恶性贫血. pernickety / pE5nIkEtI; pL`nIkItI/ adj (infml often derog 口, 常作贬义) worrying too much about details or unimportant things; fussy 吹毛求疵的; 爱挑剔 peroration / 9perE5reIFn; 9pZro`reFEn/ n (fml 文) 1 last part of a speech; summing up （演讲的） 结尾, 总结, 结论. 2 (often derog 常作贬义) lengthy speech 冗长的演说: We had to listen to a peroration on the evils of drink! 我们得听一个关于酗酒害处的冗长报告! peroxide / pE5rCksaId; pE`rBksaId/ n [U] 1 any of several compounds of oxygen with another element, containing the maximum proportion of oxygen 过氧化物. 2 (also ,hydrogen pe`roxide, pe,roxide of `hydrogen) colourless liquid used as an antiseptic and to bleach hair 过氧化氢: [attrib 作 定语] a peroxide blonde, ie a woman with hair that has been bleached with peroxide 假金发女子（头 发经漂染处理的）. peroxide v. [Tn] bleach (hair) with hydrogen peroxide 用过氧化氢漂白（头发）: peroxided curls 漂 白过的鬈发. perpendicular / 9p\:pEn5dIkjUlE(r); 9p[pEn`dIkjElL/ adj 1 ~ (to sth) at an angle of 90 (to another line or surface) 成直角的; 垂直的: a line drawn perpendicular to another 向一线引一垂线. 2 ata right angle to the horizontal; upright 竖立的; 直立的: the perpendicular marble columns of a Greek temple 希腊庙宇直立的大理石柱. 3 (of a cliff, rock-face, etc) rising very steeply （指悬崖、石 壁等）陡峭的, 壁立的: The valley ended in a perpendicular rim of granite. 那山谷的尽头是花岗石 的断崖. 4 (also Perpendicular) (architecture 建) of the style of English Gothic architecture in the 14th and 15th centuries, characterized by the use of vertical lines in its decoration 垂直式的（14-15 世纪英国哥特式建筑风格的）. perpendicular n. 1 [C] perpendicular line 垂直线. 2 (also the perpendicular) [U] perpendicular position or direction 垂直; 垂直方向: The wall is a little out of (the) perpendicular. 那墙有点倾斜. perpendicularity / 9p\:pEn9dIkjU5lArEtI; 9p[pEn9dIkjE`lArEtI/ n [U]. perpendicularly adv. perpetrate / 5p\:pItreIt; `p[pE9tret/ v [Tn] (fml or joc 文或谑) (a) commit (a crime, etc) 犯（罪等）: perpetrate a dreadful outrage 犯下暴行. (b) be guilty of (a blunder, an error, etc) 做（错事）; 犯（过 失）: Who perpetrated that dreadful extension to the front of the building? 谁在那楼房正面加盖了那 麽一截讨厌的建筑物? perpetration / 9p\:pI5treIFn; 9p[pE`treFEn/ n [U]. perpetrator n. person who commits a crime or does sth considered outrageous 犯罪者; 作恶者; 犯 过者: the perpetrator of a hoax 诈骗犯. perpetual / pE5petFUEl; pL`pZtFJEl/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] 1 continuing indefinitely; permanent 永久的; 永恒的: the perpetual snow of the Arctic 北极终年不化的积雪. 2 without Oxford Dictionary Translation memory software company ForeignDesk, Okapi Framework, OmegaT, Transolution, AidTransStudio, Cafetran, Déjà Vu (DVX), Heartsome Translation Suite, MemoQ, MetaTexis, Rainbow, SDLX, SDL, STAR Transit, Trados, SDL Trados, Wordfast, WordFisher, Similis, Open Language Tools http://www.transgood.com