TransGood-Translation memory software Trados, SDL, ForeignDesk, Wordfast, WordFisher, Déjà Vu (DVX), 译佳计算机辅助翻译软件, 雅信CAT TransGood, TransMemory, Translation Software Tools, Computer-assisted translation, computer-aided translation, CAT, machine-aided translation, Translation memory software, Terminology management software, Alignment software, Software localization tools, ?bersetzung Software, Logiciels de traduction, Software di traduzione, Traducción de Software, Mémoire de traduction, Tradu??o memória, Memoria de traducción, Memoria di traduzione, Перевод Software, ForeignDesk, Okapi Framework, OmegaT, Transolution, AidTransStudio, Cafetran, Déjà Vu (DVX), Heartsome Translation Suite, MemoQ, MetaTexis, Rainbow, SDLX, SDL, STAR Transit, Trados, SDL Trados, Wordfast, WordFisher, Similis, Open Language Tools, 翻訳ソフトウェア, 翻訳メモリ, 翻译软件 辅助翻译软件 计算机辅助翻译软件 人工智能翻译 翻译工具 专业翻译软件 翻译记忆软件 塔多思 Trados SDL WordFast 雅信CAT 翻译公司 牛津词典 Oxford Dictionary who were afraid to face the facts. 他把批评他的人斥之为不敢面对事实的假善人. piously adv. piousness n. [U]. pip / pIp; pIp/ n seed, esp of a lemon, an orange, an apple, a pear or a grape 种子（尤指柠檬、橙子、 苹果、梨或葡萄的）. pip / pIp; pIp/ n (idm 习语) give sb the `pip (Brit infml 口) give sb a feeling of annoyance, bad temper or depression 使某人恼怒、生气或沮丧: She gives me the pip. 她老让我生气. * His disgusting jokes gave everybody the pip. 他那些令人作呕的笑话弄得大家都不痛快. pip / pIp; pIp/ n (usu pl 通常作复数) short high-pitched sound used esp as a time-signal on the radio or telephone; bleep （电台报时信号的或电话中的）尖而短的声音: Wait until you hear the pips and then put in more money, eg when using a pay phone. 等听到嘟嘟声时再加投硬币（如使用投币电话 时）. * The weather forecast is followed by the pips at 6 o'clock. 天气预报之后即为6 点钟报时信号. pip / pIp; pIp/ n 1 any of the spots on playing-cards, dice and dominoes （纸牌、色子、骨牌上 的）点. 2 (Brit infml 口) star on the shoulder-strap of an army officer's uniform （军官肩章上的） 星. pip / pIp; pIp/ v (-pp-) (infml 口) 1 [Tn] hit (sb) with a shot 以枪弹击中（某人）: pipped in the shoulder 肩部中弹. 2 (idm 习语) pip sb at the post (esp passive 尤用于被动语态) defeat sb narrowly or at the last moment 险胜某人; 终于击败某人: We didn't win the contract: we were pipped at the post by a firm whose price was lower. 我们未得到那份合同的生意, 最后是让一家出 价低的公司击败了我们. pip-squeak / 5pIpskwi:k; `pIpskwik/ n (infml or derog 口或贬) small, young or unimportant person, esp one who is conceited 小人, 年轻人, 不重要的人（尤指自负的）. pipal (also peepul) / 5pi:pEl; `pipEl/ n large Indian fig-tree 菩提树（印度产）. pipe / paIp; paIp/ n 1 [C] (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) tube through which liquids or gases can flow 管子: a `water-pipe * a `gas-pipe * a `drain-pipe * the `windpipe, ie air-passage in the body. 2 [C] (a) (also to`bacco pipe) narrow tube with a bowl at one end, used for smoking tobacco 烟斗: smoke a pipe 吸烟斗 * [attrib 作定语] `pipe tobacco 烟斗丝. (b) (also pipeful / -fUl; -fJl/) amount of tobacco this can hold 一烟斗的烟丝. 3 [C] (music 音) (a) wind instrument consisting of a tube with holes that are covered and uncovered by the fingers to make musical notes 管乐器: pipes of Pan, ie pan-pipes 排箫. (b) each of the tubes from which sound is produced in an organ （管风琴 的）音管. (c) pipes [pl] = bagpipes. 4 [C] (sound of a) whistle used by a boatswain 水手长吹的哨子 （声）. 5 [C] song or note of a bird 鸟鸣; 鸟鸣声. 6 [C] (contents of a) cask which can hold about 105 gallons of wine 大酒桶（约容105 加仑）; 一大酒桶的量. 7 (idm 习语) put `that in your pipe and smoke it (infml 口) you have to accept what I have said, whether you like it or not 我说的话不 管你喜欢不喜欢都得听: I'm not giving up my holiday to suit you, so you can put that in your pipe and smoke it! 我不打算放弃我的假日来迁就你, 你不听也得听! pipeclay n. [U] fine white clay used (esp formerly) for making tobacco pipes and for whitening leather, etc 白陶土（尤于旧时用以制烟斗、使皮革增白等）. pipe-cleaner n. flexible piece of wire covered with soft material, for cleaning inside a tobacco pipe 烟斗通条（清除烟垢用的）. pipe-dream n. hope or plan that is impossible or unworkable 不切实际的希望; 行不通的计画. pipeline n. 1 series of connected pipes, usu underground,for conveying oil, gas, etc to a distant place （长距离输送油、气等的）管道（通常指地下的）. 2 (fig 比喻) channel of information or supply, esp direct, privileged or confidential （信息或供应的）渠道, 途径（尤指直接的、基于特 权而获得的或秘密的）: a pipeline to head office, the Prime Minister, the manufacturer 联系总部、 首相、厂商的渠道. 3 (idm 习语) in the `pipeline (a) (of goods, orders, etc) being dealt with; on the way （指货物、定单等）在处理或运送中. (b) (of changes, laws, proposals, etc) being prepared or discussed; about to happen （指变化、法令、建议等）在准备、讨论或酝酿中, 即将发生: New laws to deal with this abuse are in the pipeline. 正在制定处理这种弊端的新法令. pipe / paIp; paIp/ v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] convey (water, gas, etc) in pipes 用管道输送（水、煤气等）: pipe water into a house/to a farm 用管道向住宅[农场]送水* pipe oil across the desert 用管道穿过沙漠 输油. 2 [esp passive 尤用于被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] transmit (esp music) by wire or cable （用有线系 统等）传送（尤指音乐）: Nearly all the shops have piped music, ie recorded music played continuously. 差不多所有商店都连续播放有线广播的音乐. 3 [I, Tn] (a) play (a tune) on a pipe or pipes 用管乐 器演奏（一曲）: He piped (a jig) so that we could dance. 他用笛子吹奏（吉格舞曲）好让我们跳 舞. (b) (of a bird) whistle or sing (sth) （指鸟）鸣啭或唱（某声音）. (c) (of a person, esp a child) speak (sth) in a high voice （指人, 尤指儿童）尖声说（某事）. 4 [Tn.pr, Tn.p] (nautical 海) (a) summon (sailors) by blowing a boatswain's pipe 吹水手长用的哨子召集（水手）: pipe all hands on deck 吹 哨召集所有水手到甲板上. (b) lead or welcome (sb) by the sound of a boatswain's pipe 用水手长的 哨声引领或欢迎（某人）: pipe the captain aboard/on board 用哨声欢迎船长登船* pipe the guests in 用哨声迎接客人. 5 [Tn] (a) trim or decorate (sth) with piping(2a) 为（衣物等）绲边: pipe a skirt, cushion, etc with blue silk 给裙子、垫子等绲蓝绸边. (b) put a decoration on (a cake) with icing 在 （糕点）上加奶油、巧克力等花饰: pipe `Happy Birthday' on a cake 在蛋糕上加上｀生日快乐＇ 字样. 6 (phr v) pipe down (infml 口) be less noisy; stop talking 安静些; 停止谈话: She told the children to pipe down while she was talking on the telephone. 她告诉孩子别吵了, 她正在打电话. pipe up (infml 口) begin to sing or speak, esp suddenly and in a high-pitched voice 开始唱或说（尤 指突然而声音尖）. piper / 5paIpE(r); `paIpL/ n 1 person who plays on a pipe, esp the bagpipes 吹奏者; （尤指）风笛 吹奏者. 2 (idm 习语) he who pays the piper calls the tune => pay. pipette / pI5pet; pI`pZt/ n (esp in chemistry) slender tube, usu filled by sucking, used in a laboratory for transferring or measuring small quantities of liquids （尤指用于化学实验的）吸（量）管; 移 液管. piping / 5paIpIN; `paIpIN/ n [U] 1 (a) (system of) pipes, esp for water or drains 管道, 管道系统, 管道设备（尤指给水或排水的）: The piping will need to be renewed. 这套管子该换了. (b) pipe of a certain length 一段管子: ten feet of lead piping 十英尺长的铅管. 2 (a) folded strip of fabric, often enclosing a cord, used to decorate the edges or seams of a garment, cushion, etc 花饰边, 绲边（常包 有绳）. (b) cord-like lines of icing or whipped cream used to decorate a cake, etc （巧克力、奶油等 的）线条（用以装饰蛋糕等）. 3 (sound made by) playing a pipe1(3a) 吹奏管乐器（的声音）: We heard their piping in the distance. 我们听见他们在远处吹奏的笛声. piping adj. 1 (esp of a person's voice) high-pitched （尤指人声）尖声的, 声调高的. 2 (idm 习 语) piping `hot (of liquids, food) very hot （指液体、食物）烫的: a bowl of soup served piping hot 滚烫的一碗汤. pipit / 5pIpIt; `pIpIt/ n type of small songbird resembling a lark 鹨. pippin / 5pIpIn; `pIpIn/ n type of apple that can be eaten raw 苹果. piquant / 5pi:kEnt; `pikEnt/ adj 1 having a pleasantly sharp taste 辛辣而开胃的: Bland vegetables are often served with a piquant sauce. 清淡的蔬菜常以辛辣的沙司调味. 2 pleasantly exciting and stimulating to the mind 令人兴奋的; 刺激的: a piquant bit of gossip 有趣的闲谈. piquancy / -EnsI; -EnsI/ n [U] quality or state of being piquant 辛辣; 刺激; 兴奋: the delicate piquancy of the soup 那汤的香辣可口. piquantly adv. pique / pi:k; pik/ v [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] 1 hurt the pride or self-respect of (sb); offend 伤害（某人）的自尊心; 冒犯: She seemed rather piqued. 她似乎很生气. * He was piqued to discover that he hadn't been invited. 他因未被邀请而觉受辱. 2 arouse (a person's interest or curiosity) 引 起（兴趣）; 产生（好奇心）: Her curiosity was piqued. 她产生了好奇心. pique n. [U] feeling of annoyance or hurt, usu because one's pride has been offended; resentment 恼 怒, 生气（通常指自尊心受到伤害）; 怨恨: When he realized nobody was listening to him, he left the room in a fit of pique. 他发觉谁也没听他讲话, 一气之下就走了. * Out of pique they refused to accept the compromise offered. 他们气得拒不接受对方提出的妥协建议. piquet / pI5ket; pI`kZt/ n [U] card-game for two players, played with a pack of 32 cards 皮克牌（用 32 张牌二人玩的牌戏）. piranha / pI5rB:njE; pI`rBnjE/ n any of various types of small tropical American freshwater fish which attack and eat live animals 锯脂鲤, 比拉鱼（南美淡水小鱼, 能掠食活动物）. pirate / 5paIErEt; `paIrEt/ n 1 (a) (esp formerly) person on a ship who attacks and robs other ships at sea（尤指旧时）海盗: [attrib 作定语] a pirate crew, ship, flag 海盗团伙、船、旗. (b) (esp formerly) ship used for this purpose （尤指旧时）海盗船. Cf 参看corsair. 2 person who copies illegally sth protected by copyright, esp in order to sell it 侵犯版权非法复印或复制者, 盗印者, 盗制者（尤指 为出售）: [attrib 作定语] a pirate edition, video, tape, etc 盗印版、盗制的录像带、盗制的录音 带. 3 (a) (also pirate `radio) radio station that broadcasts without a licence (esp from a ship) 无执照 电台（尤指从船上播音的）: interference with radio reception caused by pirates 无执照电台造成的 无线电接收干扰. (b) broadcaster on an illegal radio station 无执照电台的广播员. piracy / 5paIErEsI; `paIrEsI/ n (a) [U] robbery by pirates (pirate 1a) 海盗的掠夺. (b) [U] illegal copying or broadcasting 非法复制或广播. (c) [C] instance of either of these 非法复制或广播. pirate v. [Tn] illegally use or reproduce (printed or recorded material which is protected by copyright), esp for profit 非法窃用或复制（有版权的印刷品或录制的材料）（尤指为牟利）: a pirated edition of the plays 戏剧集的盗印本. =>Usage at smuggle 用法见 smuggle. piratical / 9paIE5rtIkl; paI`rAtIkl/ adj of or in the manner of a pirate 海盗的; 海盗式的; 盗印的; 盗制的. piratically / -klI; -klI/ adv. pirouette / 9pIrU5et; 9pIrJ`Zt/ n rapid turn or spin made by a ballet-dancer while balanced on the point of the toe or the ball of the foot （跳芭蕾舞者的）单足旋转. pirouette v. [I] perform a pirouette or pirouettes （跳芭蕾舞时）用单足旋转. piscatorial / 9pIskE5tR:rIEl; 9pIskE`tRrIEl/ adj 1 of or concerning fishing or fishermen 渔业的; 渔 民的. 2 (of a person) enthusiastic about fishing （指人）爱钓鱼的. Pisces / 5paIsi:z; `paIsiz/ n 1 [pl] the twelfth sign of the zodiac, the Fishes 双鱼官（黄道第十二宫）. 2 [C] person born under the influence of this sign 属双鱼宫星座的人. Piscean n, adj. =>Usage at zodiac 用法见zodiac. =>illus at zodiac 见 zodiac 插图. piss / pIs; pIs/ v ( sl 讳, 俚) 1 (a) [I] pass urine; urinate 撒尿. (b) [Tn] ~ oneself make oneself wet when doing this 尿湿自己: (fig 比喻) piss oneself laughing, ie laugh uncontrollably 笑得止不 住. (c) [Tn] pass (blood) with urine 尿（血）: piss blood 尿血. 2 (phr v) piss (sb) about/around act (towards sb) in a foolish, time-wasting or deliberately unhelpful way （对某人）胡闹、浪费时间或 故意捣乱: Stop pissing about and get on with your work. 别再胡闹了, 干你的事去吧. * We were pissed around for hours before they finally gave us the right form. 他们浪费了我们好几个小时, 最 后才把那份表格给我们. piss down rain heavily 下大雨. piss off (esp Brit) (used esp as a command) go away （尤用作命令）滚开. piss sb off (esp passive 尤用于被动语态) annoy or bore sb 使某人 恼怒或厌烦: Everybody is pissed off (with all the changes of plan). 大家（对计画的诸多变动）均感 厌烦. piss n. ( sl 讳, 俚) 1 (a) [U] urine 尿. (b) [C esp sing 尤作单数] (act of) urination 撒尿: go for/have a piss 去撒尿. 2 (idm 习语) take the `piss (out of sb) make fun (of sb) 取笑（某人）. pissed adj. ( Brit sl 讳, 俚) 1 drunk 醉. 2 (idm 习语) (as) pissed as a `newt very drunk 大 醉. pistachio / pI5stB:FIEU; ?@ -AFIEU; pIs`tAFI9o/ n (pl ~s) (a) (also pi`stachio nut) nut with a green edible kernel 阿月浑子, 开心果（其仁色绿, 可吃）: [attrib 作定语] pistachio ice-cream 开心果冰 激凌. (b) tree on whichthis nut grows 阿月浑子树. (c) (also pistachio `green) colour of this kernel 开 心果绿; 淡草绿色. piste / pi:st; pist/ n (French 法) track of firm snow for skiing on 滑雪道. pistil / 5pIstl; `pIstl/ n female seed-producing part of a flower 雌蕊. pistol / 5pIstl; `pIstl/ n 1 type of small gun, held and fired with one hand 手枪: an automatic pistol 自动手枪. =>illus at gun 见 gun 插图. 2 (idm 习语) hold a pistol to sb's head (try to) force sb to do sth he does not want to do by using threats 胁迫某人做某事物. piston / 5pIstEn; `pIstn/ n 1 round plate or short cylinder,usu made of metal or wood, that fits closely inside another cylinder or tube and moves up and down or backwards and forwards inside it; used eg in steam or internal combustion engines to cause other parts to move by means of a connecting rod (`piston-rod) 活塞. =>illus 见插图. 2 sliding valve in a trumpet or other brass wind instrument （铜 管乐器上的）活门. piston-engined adj. (of an aircraft) having engines with pistons, not jet engines （指飞机）有活塞发 动机的（非喷气式的）. piston ring split metal ring that fits into a groove on the rim of a piston to make a gas-tight seal 活塞环. pit / pIt; pIt/ n 1 [C] large (usu deep) hollow or opening in the ground （地面的）大坑, （通常指） 深坑. 2 [C] (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) (a) hole in the ground, usu with steep sides, from which esp minerals are dug out 坑; （尤指）矿井: a `chalk-pit 白垩取土坑* a `gravel-pit 采 石场* a `lime-pit 石灰采石场. (b) hole in the ground made for any of various industrial purposes （作工业用途的）坑: a `saw-pit 锯木坑. 3 [C] = coal-mine (coal): go down the pit, ie work as a miner 下井（做矿工）. 4 [C] natural hollow in the surface of a plant or an animal's body 动植物体 的自然凹陷处; 窝; 凹: the pit of the stomach, ie the hollow between the ribs below the breastbone, thought to be the place where fear is felt 胸口* `armpit, ie hollow underneath the shoulder where the arm joins the body 腋窝. 5 [C] (a) hollow scar left on the skin, esp after smallpox; pock-mark 皮肤 上凹陷的疤痕; （尤指天花的）麻点, 痘痕. (b) small hollow on a surface, esp of metal or glass 物 体表面的小凹陷处（尤指金属或玻璃的）. 6 the pit [sing] (Brit) (people sitting in) seats on the ground floor of a theatre behind the stalls 剧院正厅后座（的观众）. 7 [sing] (also `orchestra pit) sunken part of the floor of a theatre infront of the stage, for the orchestra 乐池. =>illus at App 1 见附 录1 插图, page ix. 8 (a) [C] sunken area in the floor of a garage or workshop where the underneath part of a vehicle can be examined or repaired （修车处的）检修坑. (b) the pits [pl] (in motor racing) place near the race-track where cars can stop for fuel, new tyres, etc during a race （机动车赛中的） 检修加油站. 9 [sing] (US) (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) part of the floor of a commodity exchange used for a particular commodity （某些商品的）交易场所: the `wheat-pit 小 麦交易场. 10 the pit [sing] (Bible or rhet 《圣经》或修辞) hell 地狱. 11 [C] hole dug as a trap for wild animals; pitfall （捕猎野兽用的）陷阱. 12 (idm 习语) be the pits (infml 口esp US) be very bad or the worst example of sth 极坏; 最糟糕: The comedian's performance was the pits! 这喜剧演 员的表演糟透了! * The food in this restaurant is the pits! 这家饭馆的东西难吃极了! pit v. (-tt-) 1 [Tn, Tn.pr esp passive 尤用于被动语态] ~ sth (with sth) make pits (pit 5) or hollows in sth 使某物上有凹陷、有麻点: Acid had pitted the surface of the silver. 酸把银器的表面腐蚀了. * a face pitted with smallpox 麻子脸* The surface of the moon is pitted with craters. 月球表面有很 多环形坑. 2 (phr v) pit sb/sth against sb/sth test sb/sth in a struggle or competition with sb/sth 使某 人[某事物]与他人[他事物]较量: pit one's wits against the bureaucracy of the tax office 与税务局的 官僚作风斗智* pit oneself against the reigning champion 与本届冠军较量. pit-head n. entrance of a coal-mine and the offices, machinery, etc in the area around it 煤矿井口处 及周围的办公室、机械设备等: [attrib 作定语] a pit-head ballot,ie a vote, esp about union matters, taken by miners at the pit-head （矿工的）井口投票表决（尤指关于工会事宜）. pit pony pony used (esp formerly) underground in a mine to pull heavy loads （尤指旧时的）矿井下运输用的 小马. pit-prop n. prop used to support the roof of a part of a coal-mine from which coal has been removed （煤矿的）坑木, 支柱. pit / pIt; pIt/ n (esp US) = stone 5. pit v. [Tn] (-tt-) (esp US) remove pits from (fruit) 除去（水果）的核: pitted olives 去核的橄榄. pit-a-pat / 9pItE5pAt; `pItE9pAt/ (also pitter-patter / 9pItE5ptE(r); `pItL9pAtL/) adv with the sound of quick light steps or tapping 有轻快的步伐或拍击声的; 劈劈啪啪地: Her heart/feet went pit-a-pat. 她的心噗噗地跳[她的脚步声劈劈啪啪的]. pit-a-pat (also pitter-patter) n. this sound 劈啪声: the pit-a-pat of the rain on the roof 雨点打在屋 顶上的劈啪声. pitch / pItF; pItF/ n [U] 1 black substance made from coal tar, turpentine or petroleum which is sticky and semi-liquid when hot, and hard when cold, and is used to fill in cracks or spaces, eg between the planks of a floor or of a ship's deck, to make roofs waterproof, etc 沥青. 2 (idm 习语) black as ink/pitch => black. pitch-black adj. completely black 乌黑的. pitch-dark adj. (a) with no light at all 黑暗无光的. (b) completely black 乌黑的. the ,pitch-dark n [U] state of complete darkness 黑暗: We couldn't see our way in the pitch-dark. 我们在黑暗中看不 见路. pitch-pine n. [U, C] (wood of a) type of pine-tree which gives off a lot of resin 刚松（木）. pitch / pItF; pItF/ v 1 [Tn] erect and fix in place (a tent or camp), esp for a short time 搭（帐篷）, 扎 （营）（尤指临时）: They pitched camp on the moor for the night. 他们在高沼地搭帐篷过夜. Cf 参 看strike2 11. 2 [Tn.pr, Cn.a] (a) (in music) set in a certain pitch3(3a) or key （音乐）定调: The song is pitched too low for me. 这歌起调太低, 我唱不了. * pitch sth in a higher key 把某乐曲的调子定 高一些* a high-/low-pitched voice 高[低]嗓音 * (fig 比喻) pitch one's hopes high 把希望定得很 高. (b) (fig 比喻) express (sth) in a particular style or at a particular level 以某形式、风格或水平表 达（某事物）: The programme was pitched at just the right level. 大纲所定水平恰到好处. * an explanation pitched at a simple level so that a child could understand it 使用浅显的解释以便于儿童 理解* pitch sth a bit high/strong, ie exaggerate 表达某事略过甚其词. 3 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] (cause sb/sth to) fall heavily, esp forwards or outwards （使某人[某物]）重重倒下（尤指向前或向 外）: He pitched (forward) on his head. 他（向前）一头栽倒. * The car hit the child and she pitched over backwards. 汽车把那孩子撞了, 她重重向后倒下. * The carriage overturned and the passengers (were) pitched out. 马车翻了, 车上的人都（被）摔出来了. 4 [I, Ip] (of a ship or an aircraft) move up and down on the water or in the air （指船或飞行器）颠簸: The ship pitched and rolled and many passengers were sick. 那轮船颠簸摇晃, 很多乘客头晕恶心. Cf 参看roll2 6. 5 [Tn, Tn.pr] throw (sb/sth) in the specified direction; toss 将（某人[某物]）向某方向投、掷、扔或 抛: Let's pitch out the troublemakers. 把这些捣乱分子赶出去. * pitch a stone into the river 向河中 扔石头* People just pitch their rubbish over the wall. 人们径直把垃圾扔过墙去. 6 (a) [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn.p] (in cricket) (cause the ball to) strike the ground near or around the wicket （板球戏中）（使投 出的球）在三柱门附近触地: The ball was pitched short. 投的球是短球. * pitch the ball up a bit 把 球投高一点. (b) [I, Tn] (in baseball) throw (the ball) to the batter （棒球戏中）将（球）投给击球员. 7 [Tn] (infml 口) tell (a story) or give (an excuse) 讲（故事）; 使用（藉口）: They pitched a yarn about finding the jewels. 他们编了一个找到宝石的故事. 8 (phr v) pitch in; pitch into sth (infml 口) (a) start working energetically 使劲地干起来: They all pitched in and soon finished the job. 大 家七手八脚, 工作很快就完成了. * They pitched into the work immediately. 他们立刻干了起来. (b) eat (sth) with a good appetite 大吃（某物）: We had prepared supper for the team and they all pitched in. 我们给队员准备了晚餐, 他们全都大吃起来. * They pitched into the meal. 他们大吃了一顿. pitch into sb (infml 口) attack sb violently 猛烈攻击某人. pitch in (with sth) offer help or support 主 动帮助或支持: They pitched in with contributions of money. 他们主动捐款支援此事. pitched adj. (of a roof) sloping from a ridge; not flat （指屋顶）倾斜的, 坡的. pitched `battle battle fought with troops arranged in prepared positions and using all available resources 对阵战: (fig 比喻) Conservationists fought a pitched battle with developers over the future of the site. 主张保护自然环 境的人同地产开发公司就该地前途进行了针锋相对的论战. Cf 参看 skirmish. pitch-and-toss n. [U] game of skill and chance in which coins are thrown at a particular mark 掷硬 币游戏. pitchfork / 5pItFfR:k; `pItF9fRrk/ n long-handled fork with sharp prongs for lifting and moving hay, etc 乾草叉. v 1 [Tn] lift or move (sth) (as) with a pitchfork 用乾草叉（般）叉起或叉走（某物）. 2 (phr v) pitchfork sb into sth force sb into (a position, job, etc), esp suddenly 强行使某人进入（某位 置）或做（某工作）（尤指突然间）: young men pitchforked into the army 被强徵入伍的年轻人. pitch / pItF; pItF/ n 1 [C] (sport 体) (a) (in cricket) part of the ground between the wickets （板球 的）球场. =>illus at cricket 见cricket 插图. (b) (in football, hockey,etc) area of ground marked out for a game; sports ground or field （足球、曲棍球等的）球场. =>illus at Association football (association) 见Association football (association) 插图. 2 [C] (a) act or process of throwing sth; toss 投; 掷; 扔; 抛. (b) (in cricket) way in which the ball is bowled （板球的）投球: a full pitch, ie a bowled ball that does not bounce before reaching the batsman 全场球（投出的球直至击球员, 中间不落地）. (c) (in baseball) act or manner of throwing the ball （棒球的）投球. 3 [U] (a) degree of highness or lowness of a musical note or a voice （音符或嗓音的）高度; 音高: give the pitch 定出音高 * have absolute/perfect pitch, ie the ability to recognize or reproduce the pitch of a note 有绝对[完全]音高 感（对一乐音音高的识别力或演唱、演奏的能力）. (b) quality of a sound in music 音质. 4 [sing] degree or intensity of sth 程度; 强度: Speculation has reached such a pitch that a decision will have to be made immediately. 这种胡乱猜测甚嚣尘上, 已经到了必须立即解决的程度了. 5 [U] ~ of sth highest point of sth 最高点: the pitch of perfection 完美的顶点. 6 [U] movement of a ship up and down on the water （船的）颠簸. Cf 参看roll1 3. 7 [U] degree of slope (esp of a roof) 倾斜 度（尤指屋顶的）. 8 [C] (esp Brit) place where a street trader usu does business or a street entertainer usu performs （街头的）商贩摊位, 艺人表演场地. 9 [C] (also `sales pitch) persuasive talk or arguments used by a salesman to sell things 推销员唱的高调: a clever sales pitch 动听的推销员高 调. 10 (idm 习语) at concert pitch => concert. at/to fever pitch => fever. queer sb's pitch => queer v. pitchblende / 5pItFblend; `pItF9blZnd/ n [U] black shiny mineral ore which is the main source of uranium and radium 沥青铀矿. pitcher / 5pItFE(r); `pItFL/ n (a) (esp Brit) large (usu earthenware) container for liquids, with one or two handles and a lip for pouring （单柄或双柄, 带嘴的, 通常为陶制的）大罐, 大壶. (b) (US) jug 罐. pitcher / 5pItFE(r); `pItFL/ n (in baseball) player who throws the ball to the batter （棒球的）投手. piteous / 5pItIEs; `pItIEs/ adj (fml 文) arousing or deservingpity 值得同情的; 可怜的: a piteous cry, sight, story 值得同情的哭声、情景、事情* in a piteous condition 可怜的境地. piteously adv. piteousness n. [U]. pitfall / 5pItfR:l; `pIt9fRl/ n 1 unsuspected danger or difficulty 意想不到的危险或困难: This text presents many pitfalls for the translator. 这篇文字有很多潜在的难点, 译者稍一不慎就要出错. 2 = pit1 11. pith / pIW; pIW/ n 1 [U] (a) soft spongy substance that fills the stems of certain plants, eg reeds （木）髓（某些植物茎中的海绵样组织, 如芦苇的茎髓）. (b) similar substance inside the skin of oranges, etc （柑橘等果皮肉的）类似髓的组织. 2 [sing] (fig 比喻) the ~ of sth most important or essential part of sth; essence 最重要部分; 精髓: That was the pith of his argument. 那就是他论据 的重点. pithy adj. (-ier, -iest) 1 concise and full of meaning; terse 精练的; 简洁的: a pithy description of the event 对事件的简明扼要的叙述* a pithy comment, remark, saying, etc 简要的评论、话、谚 语等. 2 of, like or full of pith(1) 有髓的; 似木髓的; 多髓的. pithily / -IlI; -IlI/ adv in a pithy(1) manner 精简地; 简洁地. pithiness n. [U] state of being pithy(1) 精练; 简洁: Her work is known for pithiness of style. 她的 作品以简洁著称. pith hat (also `pith helmet) hat made of dried pith(1a) worn (esp formerly) to protect the head from the sun 木髓制的遮阳帽（尤 指旧时用的）. pitiable / 5pItIEbl; `pItIEbl/ adj 1 deserving or arousing pity 令人怜悯的; 可怜的: in a pitiable state 处境可怜* pitiable misery 令人哀怜的不幸. 2 deserving contempt 可鄙的: a pitiable attempt to save himself from disgrace 他为保全面子的卑鄙做法* a pitiable lack of talent 可鄙的 无能. pitiably / -EblI; -EblI/ adv. pitiful / 5pItIfl; `pItIfEl/ adj 1 arousing pity 令人怜悯的; 可怜的: a pitiful condition, invalid, sight 可怜的情形、病人、情景* Their suffering was pitiful to see. 他们受的苦让人见了感到同情. 2 deserving contempt 可鄙的: pitiful efforts, excuses, lies 卑劣的做法、藉口、谎言* a pitiful coward 可鄙的胆小鬼. pitifully / -fElI; -flI/ adv 1 in a pitiful(1) manner 令人怜悯地: pitifully injured 伤得很惨 * The child was pitifully thin. 那孩子瘦得可怜. 2 in a pitiful(2) manner 可鄙地: a pitifully bad performance 可鄙的拙劣表演. pitiless / 5pItIlIs; `pItIlIs/ adj 1 showing no pity or mercy; cruel 无怜悯心的; 无情的; 残酷的: a pitiless killer, bandit, tyrant, etc 残酷的杀手、匪徒、暴君等* pitiless retribution, revenge, etc 无 情的报应、复仇等. 2 (fig 比喻) very harsh or severe; unrelenting 严酷的; 严厉的; 冷酷的: a scorching, pitiless sun 灼人烈日* the pitiless winds of a Siberian winter 西伯利亚冬天凛冽的寒 风. pitilessly adv. pitilessness n. [U]. piton / 5pi:tCn; `pitBn/ n (sport 体) metal spike or peg, with a ring at one end to hold a rope, that is hammered into a rock or a crack between rocks to support a rope or climber （登山者用的）钢锥（顶 端有环可穿绳索）. Pitot tube / 5pi:tEU tju:b; ?@ -tu:b; `pito 9tub/ n (propr 专利名) small tube, open at one end, used in instruments that measure fluid pressure or velocity 皮托管（用以测量流体压力或速度的管）. pitta / 5pItE; `pItE/ n [U] (also pita, `pitta bread) type of bread in flat loaves, eaten esp in Greece and the Middle East 希腊人和中东人食用的一种扁平的面包. pittance / 5pItns; `pItns/ n (usu sing 通常作单数) very small or insufficient amount of money paid or received as wages or an allowance 微薄的工资或津贴: work all day for a mere pittance 为菲薄的报 酬整天工作* She could barely survive on the pittance she received as a widow's pension. 她靠著极 少的孤寡抚恤金仅够糊口. pitter-patter = pit-a-pat. pituitary / pI5tju:ItErI; ?@ -tu:EterI; pI`tuE9tZrI/ n (also pituitary gland) small gland at the base of the brain which secretes hormones that influence growth and development 垂体; 脑下垂体. pity / 5pItI; `pItI/ n 1 [U] ~ (for sb/sth) feeling of sorrow caused by the suffering, troubles, etc of others 同情; 怜悯: be full of/filled with pity for sb 十分同情某人 * be moved to pity by sb's suffering 受某人的痛苦所感动而产生同情* do sth out of pity for sb, ie because one feels pity for him 出于怜悯为某人做某事* feel very little pity for sb 不太可怜某人. 2 [sing] ~ (that...) cause for mild regret or sorrow (but not a real disaster) 遗憾的事; 可悲的事: It's a pity the weather isn't better for our outing today. 我们今天出去游玩天气不见好, 真遗憾. * What a pity that you can't come to the theatre with us tonight. 你今晚不能和我们一起去看戏, 真可惜. * The pity (of it) is that..., ie The regrettable thing is that... 遗憾的是.... 3 (idm 习语) have pity on sb show mercy towards sb 对某人表示同情或怜悯. ,more's the `pity (infml 口) unfortunately 真不幸: `Did you insure the jewels before they were stolen?' `No, more's the pity!' ｀你那些被窃的珠宝买保险了 吗?＇｀没有, 真倒霉!＇ take pity on sb help sb because one feels pity for him 出于同情或怜悯而 帮助某人. pity v. (pt, pp pitied) [Tn] 1 feel pity for (sb) 对（某人）感到同情或怜悯: Pity the poor sailors at sea in this storm! 可怜可怜在这场风暴中在海上航行的那些倒霉的水手吧! * Survivors of the disaster who lost their relatives are much to be pitied. 灾难中丧失亲人的幸存者很值得同情. feel contempt for (sb) 觉得（某人）可鄙: I pity you if you think this is an acceptable way to behave. 你要是认为这种行为可以原谅, 那你就太可鄙了. * I pity you (ie I am threatening you) if you can't pay me the money by tomorrow. 你明天不把钱还给我, 我就不客气了. pitying adj (a) expressing pity 同情的; 怜悯的: He lay helpless in the street under the pitying gaze of the bystanders. 他零零 地躺在路边, 旁观的人都投以怜悯的目光. (b) showing pity and some contempt 表示同情或怜悯 并带有一些鄙夷的: The performer received only pitying looks from his audience. 从观众的表情看, 那表演者得到的只是同情和怜悯. pityingly adv. pivot / 5pIvEt; `pIvEt/ n 1 central point, pin or shaft on which sth turns 中心点; 支点; 枢; 枢轴. 2 (fig 比喻) central or most important person or thing 中心的或最重要的人或事物: Because her job had been the pivot of her life, retirement was very difficult. 因为她的工作一向是她生命的支柱, 所 以退休后的日子很不好过. * That is the pivot of the whole argument. 这是整个论据的关键. =>illus at scale 见scale 插图. pivot v. 1 (a) [I, Ipr] ~ (on sth) turn (as) on a pivot （似）在枢轴上转动: The doll pivots at the waist and neck. 那洋娃娃的腰和颈可以转动. * She pivoted on her heels and swept out. 她一转身, 匆匆走了出去. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] provide (sth) with a pivot; mount on a pivot 给（某物）安枢轴; 装于 枢轴上. 2 (phr v) pivot on sth(no passive 不用于被动语态) (of an argument, etc) dependon sth central or essential; hinge on sth （指论证等）取决于某中心或要点, 随某事物而转移: The whole discussion pivots on this one point. 整个讨论内容均以此点为准. pivotal / -tl; -tl/ adj 1 of or forming a pivot 轴的; 作为旋轴的. 2 (fig 比喻) of great importance because other things depend on it; central （因受其他事物的依附）极重要的, 关键的, 中心的: a pivotal decision 重要的决策. pixie (also pixy) / 5pIksI; `pIksI/ n small elf or fairy (eg in children's fairy-tales) 小精灵, 小仙子 （如童话中的）. pizza / 5pi:tsE; `pitsE/ n [C, U] Italian dish consisting of a flat (usu round) piece of dough covered with tomatoes, cheese, anchovies, etc and baked in an oven 意大利饼（饼上覆蕃茄、奶酪、 anchovies 等, 在烤箱中烘制）. pizzicato / 9pItsI5kB:tEU; 9pItsI`kBto/ adj, adv (music 音) (played) by plucking the strings of a violin, etc instead of using the bow （提琴等）用指弹拨（的）, 拨奏（的）. pizzicato n. (pl ~s) note or passage (of music) (to be) played in this way 拨奏的音符或（乐曲的） 片段. Pk abbr. 缩写= (esp on a map 尤用作地图上的标记) Park: St (ie Saint) James' Pk 圣·詹姆斯公 园. pkg abbr. 缩写 = package. pkt abbr. 缩写= packet: 1 pkt cigarettes 一包香烟. Pl abbr. 缩写= (esp on a map 尤用作地图上的标记) Place: St (ie Saint) James' Pl 圣·詹姆斯街. pl abbr. 缩写= (grammar) plural. placard / 5plAkB:d; `plAkBrd/ n written or printed notice (designed to be) publicly displayed, eg by being fixed to a wall or carried on a stick 布告; 招贴; 海报; 标语牌; 告示牌: The placards condemned the government's action. 那些标语牌上写著谴责政府措施的词句. =>illus at flag 见 fla 插图. placard v. [Tn] 1 stick placards on (sth) 将布告、海报或标语张贴于（某处）. 2 announce (sth) by using placards （用布告、海报等）公布（某事）. placate / plE5keIt; ?@ 5pleIkeIt; `pleket/ v [Tn] make (sb) less angry; soothe or pacify 安慰, 抚慰 （某人）; 使（某人）平静、息怒. placatory / plE5keItErI; ?@ 5pleIkEtR:rI; `plekE9tRrI/ adj designed to placate or having this effect 安慰的; 抚慰的; 和解的: placatory remarks 安抚的话. place / pleIs; ples/ n 1 [C] particular area or position in space occupied by sb/sth 地方; 场所; 所在 地: Is this the place where it happened? 这就是事发地点吗? * This place seems familiar to me I think I've been here before. 这地方好像很熟悉--大概我从前来过这里. * I can't be in two places at once. 我分身乏术. * He loves to be seen in all the right places, ie at all the important social events. 他喜欢在所有重大的社交场合上出头露面. 2 [C] city, town, village, etc 城、镇、村等: We saw so many places on the tour I can't remember them all. 我们旅行到过很多地方, 我记都记不清. * This town is the coldest place in Britain. 这镇子是英国最寒冷的地方. * Australia is a big place. 澳 大利亚这个地方很大. 3 [C] ~ (of sth) (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) building or area of land used for a particular purpose or where sth occurs （作某用途或发生某事的）建筑物或场所: a `meeting-place, `birthplace, `hiding-place, etc 会面地点、出生地、隐蔽所 * places of amusement/entertainment,ie theatres, cinemas, etc 娱乐场所（戏院、影院等）* a place of worship, ie a church 礼拜的场所（教堂）* He can usually be contacted at his place of business/work. 通常 可在他的办公[工作]地点和他联系. * a place of learning, eg a university 做学问的地方（如大学）* one's place of birth/death 出生[死亡]之地. 4 [C] particular spot or area on a surface 物体表面的某 点或某处: a sore place on my foot 脚的痛处* The wall was marked with damp in several places. 那堵墙有几处潮斑. 5 [C] particular passage or point in a book, play, etc （书、戏剧等的）某段 落或某点: The audience laughed in all the right places, eg in a play. 观众看到有趣处无不大笑不已 （如在观剧时）. * Put a piece of paper in (ie in your book) to mark your place. 在你读到的地方夹 上张纸条. 6 [C] seat or position, esp one reserved for or occupied by a person, vehicle, etc 座位或 位置（尤指某人、车等保留或占据的）: Come and sit here I've kept you a place. 到这儿来坐- 我给你占了一个座位. * There's only one place left in the car park. 停车场里只剩一个位置了. * the place of honour at the head of the table 餐桌上首的贵宾席* There will always be a place for you here if you decide to come back. 只要你决定回来, 这里永远给你保留位置. * Return to your places and get on with your work. 各回各位去干自己的工作吧. * (fig 比喻) have an assured place in history 在历史上占有一定的地位* I went to buy a newspaper and lost my place in the queue. 我去 买了份报纸, 回来就找不到我排队中的位置了. =>Usage at space 用法见space. 7 [sing] rank, position or role in society (used esp with the vs shown) （社会的）等级, 地位, 身分（尤与所示动 词连用）: keep/know one's place 保持个人的地位[知道自己的身分] * forget one's place, ie not behave according to one's social position 举止与身分不合* not be one's place (ie one's proper role) to give advice 无资格进言. 8 [C] (a) position or office, esp as an employee 职位或职务（尤指雇员 的）: She hopes to get a place in the Civil Service. 她希望获得一份公职. (b) opportunity to study at a school or university （在学校）学习或研究的机会: She was awarded a place at the Royal College of Music. 她获得皇家音乐学院的学籍. * The ballet school offers free places to children who are exceptionally talented. 该芭蕾舞蹈学校给有特殊天赋的儿童提供免费学习的机会. (c) membership of a sports team 运动队员的资格或身分: She worked hard for her place in the Olympic team. 她为进入奥林匹克运动队而努力. 9 [C] (a) natural or suitable position (for sth) （某物的） 自然的或恰当的位置: Put everything away in its correct place. 把东西放到该放的地方去. * (saying 谚) A place for everything and everything in its place. 物各有其位, 物各在其位. * The dustbin is the only place for most of these clothes. 这些衣服大都只配进垃圾箱. (b)(usu negative 通 常用否定式) suitable or proper location(for sb to be) （某人的）相宜的或应在的地方: A railway station is no place for a child to be left alone at night. 火车站可不是让儿童在晚上独自呆的地方. * City streets are no place to be if you don't like noise or crowds. 要是怕吵、怕人多就别上街. 10 [C] (mathematics 数) position of a figure after a decimal point, etc （小数点后的）位:calculated/correct to 5 decimal places/5 places of decimals,eg 6.57132 计算[精确]到小数点后5 位数（如6.57132）. 11 [C usu sing 通常作单数] (a) (in a competition) position among the winning competitors （竞赛中） 获胜者的名次: He finished in third place. 他得了第三名. (b) (in horse-racing) position among the first three, esp second or third （赛马的）位置（获胜的前三名, 尤指第二名或第三名）: Did you back the horse for a place or to win? 那匹马你买的是位置还是独赢? 12 [C] (a) house, esp a large one in the country 房子; （尤指）乡间巨宅: They have a flat in town as well as a place in the country. 他 们在城里有一套公寓, 在乡村还有一所房子. (b) (infml 口) home 家: We're having the party at my place. 我们的聚会在我家举行. 13 Place [sing] (esp Brit) (a) (as part of a name for a short street, square etc 用于短街、广场等名称中): Langham Place 兰厄姆广场. (b) (as part of a name for a large country house 用于乡村巨宅的名称中): Wakehurst Place 韦克赫斯特山庄. 14 (idm 习语) all `over the place (infml 口) (a) everywhere 到处: Firms are going bankrupt all over the place. 各地 的商行都纷纷破产了. (b) in an untidy state; disordered 凌乱; 紊乱; 杂乱: The contents of the drawers were strewn all over the place. 抽屉里的东西乱七八糟.* Your hair is all over the place. 你 的头发乱蓬蓬的. change/swap `places (with sb) (a) take sb's position, seat, etc and let him take one's own 与某人交换位置、座位等: Let's change places you'll be able to see better from here. 咱们换 一下位置吧--你从这儿看清楚些. (b) be in sb else's situation or circumstances 在他人的处境或环 境: I'm perfectly happy I wouldn't change places with anyone. 我十分愉快--这种幸福我跟谁都不 换. fall, fit, slot, etc into `place (of a set of facts or series of events) begin to make sense in relationship to each other （指一系列事实或事件）开始有头绪: It all begins to fall into place. 一切开始明朗了. give place to sb/sth be replaced by sb/sth; give way to sb/sth 为某人[某事物]所取代; 让位给某人 [某事物]: Houses and factories gave place to open fields as the train gathered speed. 火车越开越快, 把房子和工厂抛在后面进入了一片开阔的田野. `go places (infml 口) be increasingly successful, esp in one's career 不断进展（尤指在个人事业上）: two young people who are really going places 两个事业顺利的年轻人. have one's heart in the right place => heart. in the `first, `second, etc place (used eg when making points in an argument 用于如列举理由时) firstly, secondly, etc 第一点、第 二点等. in high places => high1. in `my, `your, etc place in my, your, etc situation or circumstances 处于我的、你的等情况、处境: What would you do in my place? 你要是处于我的地位, 你怎样 做? * In her place I'd sell the lot. 我要是她就全部卖掉. in `place (a) in the usual or proper position 在平常的或应在的地方: She likes everything to be in place before she starts work. 她喜欢东西都摆 好再开始工作. (b) suitable or appropriate 合适的; 恰当的: A little gratitude would be in place. 应 当略表谢意. in place of sb/sth; in sb's/sth's place instead of sb/sth 代替某人[某事物]: The chairman was ill so his deputy spoke in his place. 主席有病, 所以由副主席代为致词. lay/set a `place put cutlery, dishes, etc for one person in position on the table 在餐桌上摆上一份一人用的餐具: Set a place for him when you lay the table he may come after all. 铺桌子时给他摆上一份餐具--毕竟他 有可能来. lightning never strikes in the same place twice => lightning. lose one's place => lose. out of `place (a) not in the usual or a correct or suitable place 不在平常的或应在的或适当的地方. (b) unsuitable; improper 不适合的; 不适当的: Her criticisms were quite out of place. 她的批评太不相 宜了. * Modern furniture would be out of place in a Victorian house. 在维多利亚时代式的房子里摆 设现代家具很不谐调. a place in the `sun situation of equal or shared privilege 平等的或均等的有利 地位或处境: Nations that had been oppressed for centuries were now fighting for a place in the sun. 多少世纪以来受压迫的国家现在都在争取平等. pride of place => pride. put oneself in sb else's/sb's `place imagine oneself in sb else's situation or circumstances 设想自己处于他人的地位或处境. put sb in his (proper) `place humiliate sb who has been impertinent or boastful 对无礼的或自夸的人加 以羞辱: He tried to kiss her but she quickly puthim in his place. 他想要吻她, 她顿时让他自讨没趣. take`place occur; happen 发生: When does the ceremony take place? 仪式什麽时候举行? * We have never discovered what took place (between them) that night. 我们从未发觉那天晚上（他们之间）发 生了什麽事情. =>Usage at happen 用法见happen. take sb's/sth's place; take the place of sb/sth replace sb/sth 代替某人[某事物]: She couldn't attend the meeting so her assistant took her place. 她 不能出席会议, 所以由助手替她. * Nothing could take the place of the family he had lost. 他失去 了家庭, 这一损失是无法弥补的. there's ,no place like `home (saying 谚) one's home is the best place to be 哪里也不如自己的家. place-bet n. (in horse-racing) bet that a horse will be one of the first three past the winning-post （赛 马的）位置赌（赌某匹马可跑得第一、第二或第三名）. place-kick n. (in Rugby football) kick made after the ball has been placed on the ground for that purpose （橄榄球的）定位踢（将球放在地上踢出者）. place-mat n. mat on a table on which a person's plates are laid （餐桌上用餐人的）餐具垫. place-name n. name of a city, town, hill, etc （城、镇、山等的）地名: an expert on the origin of place-names 地名考源专家. place-setting n. set of cutlery, dishes, etc for one person （供一人使用的）一套餐具. place / pleIs; ples/ v 1 [Tn.pr, Tn.p] (a) put (sth) in a particular place 将（某物）置于某处: He placed the money on the counter. 他把钱放在柜台上. * The notice is placed too high nobody can read it. 布告贴得太高--谁也没法看. (b) put (sth) in its proper place 将（某物）放在应放之处: Be sure to place them correctly. 务必把这些东西放对地方. * He placed the books in order on the shelf. 他把 书按顺序摆在书架上. 2 [Tn.pr, Tn.p] put (sb) in the situation or circumstances specified (used esp as in the expressions shown) 使（某人）处于某处境或环境（尤用于以下示例）: place sb in charge/command (of sth), ie make him the leader 让某人负责[指挥]（某事物）* place sb under arrest, ie arrest him 逮捕某人* place sb in a dilemma/difficult position/quandary, ie make matters difficult for sb 使某人进退两难[处于困境/犹豫不决] * place one's faith/trust in sb/sth 信赖某人[相 信某事物] * place confidence in sb, ie be confident that he will help, etc 对某人抱有信心 * Responsibility for the negotiations was placed in his hands, ie He was made responsible for them. 由 他负责谈判事宜. 3 [Tn] identify (sb/sth) by using one's memory or past experience 凭记忆或经验 辨认（某人[某事物]）: I've seen his face before but I can't place him. 我以前见过他, 但我认不出他 是谁. * She has a foreign accent that I can't quite place. 她有外国口音, 但我听不出是哪儿的口音. 4 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] make a judgement about (sb/sth) in comparison with others; class (sb/sth) 经比较 评价（某人[某事物]）; 将（某人[某事物]）分类: I would place her among the world's greatest sopranos. 我认为她可以算是世界上第一流的女高音. 5 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sb/sth) give (an order or a bet) to a person or firm （向某人或某公司）发（定单）或打（赌）: They have placed an order with us for three new aircraft. 他们向我们订购了三架新飞机. * Place your bets now the race begins in half an hour! 现在可以下赌注--赛事于半小时后开始! 6 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (in sth); ~ sb (with sb/sth) find a home, job, etc for sb 为某人找到、安排或安置（家、工作等）: The agency places about 2000 secretaries per annum. 该代理机构每年可为约2000 名秘书安排工作. * They placed the orphans with foster-parents. 他们为这些孤儿找到了养父养母. 7 [Tn, Tn.pr] invest (money), esp in order to earn interest 投（资）: The stockbroker has placed the money in industrial stock. 证券经纪人已用那笔钱购入了工业股票. 8 [esp passive 尤用于被动语态: Tn, Cn.a] state the finishing position of runners (in a race) or contestants (in athletics) （体育竞赛中）定出（选手的） 名次: He was reponsible for placing the winners. 他负责评定选手名次. * She was placed third. 她 被定为第三名. 9 (idm 习语) be placed (a) (Brit) (in horse-racing) finish first, second or third （赛 马中）得第一、第二或第三名. (b) (US) (in horse-racing) finish second （赛马中）得第二名. placement / 5pleIsmEnt; `plesmEnt/ n [U] action of placing or state of being placed 放置; 安置; 辨 认; 评价; 预订; 下赌注; 定名次: [attrib 作定语] the placement of orphans 对孤儿的安置 * a placement agency for secretarial staff 秘书介绍所. placebo / plE5si:bEU; plE`sibo/ n (pl ~s) 1 (medical 医) harmless substance given as if it were medicine to calm a patient who mistakenly believes he is ill 安慰剂: [attrib 作定语] placebo effect, ie beneficial effect of taking a placebo 宽慰作用（服安慰剂后的）. 2 thing done or said only to please or humour sb 使人宽慰的事物; 安慰话. placenta / plE5sentE; plE`sZntE/ n (pl -tae / -ti:; -ti/ or ~s) (anatomy 解) organ lining the womb during pregnancy by which the foetus is nourished through the umbilical cord, and which is expelled after birth 胎盘. placental / -tl; -tl/ adj: a placental mammal 有胎盘哺乳动物. placid / 5plAsId; `plAsId/ adj (a) calm and peaceful; undisturbed 安静的; 平静的; 宁静的: the placid watersof the lake 平静的湖水. (b) (of a person, his temperament,etc) not easily excited or irritated （指人、性情等）温和的, 文静的: a placid smile 恬静的微笑. placidly adv: cows placidly chewing grass 静静地吃著青草的母牛. placidity / plE5sIdEtI; plE`sIdEtI/ n [U]: the placidity of his temperament 他温和的性情. placket / 5plAkIt; `plAkIt/ n opening in a woman's skirt to make it easier to put on and take off （裙子 的）开口. plagiarize, plagiarise / 5pleIdVEraIz; `pledVE9raIz/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sb/sth) take (sb else's ideas, words, etc) and use them as if they were one's own 剽窃, 抄袭（他人的意念、言词等）: Whole passages of the work are plagiarized. 那作品整段整段都是剽窃的. * He has plagiarized most of the book from earlier studies of the period. 他那本书大部分都是从研究那个时期的著作中剽窃 的内容. plagiarism / -rIzEm; -rIzEm/ n (a) [U] action of plagiarizing 剽窃; 抄袭: be accused of plagiarism 被控剽窃. (b) [C] instance of this 剽窃; 抄袭. plagiarist / -rIst; -rIst/ n person who plagiarizes 剽窃者; 抄袭者. plagiarist / -rIst; -rIst/ n person who plagiarizes 剽窃者; 抄袭者. plague / pleIg; ple-/ n 1 (a) the plague [sing] =bubonic plague (bubonic). (b) [C] any deadly infectiousdisease that kills many people 瘟疫: [attrib 作定语] The incidence of cholera in the camps has reached plague proportions. 营中霍乱流行已酿成瘟疫之灾. 2 [C] ~ of sth large numbers of a pest that invade an area and cause annoyance or damage 侵扰一地造成破坏的大量有害动物: a plague of flies, locusts, rats, etc 蝇、蝗、鼠等灾害. 3 [C usu sing 通常作单数] (infml 口) cause of annoyance; nuisance 惹人烦恼的事物、人或原因: What a plague that boy is! 那男孩太讨厌了! 4 (idm 习语) avoid sb/sth like the plague => avoid. plague v. 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (with sth) (a) annoy sb, esp by repeatedly asking questions or making demands 烦扰某人（尤指一再询问或要求）: plague sb with questions, requests for money, etc 一再询问、要钱等烦扰某人. (b) cause suffering or discomfort to sb 使某人受苦或难受: She was plagued with arthritis. 她患关节炎十分痛苦. 2 [Tn] cause trouble or difficulty to (sb/sth) 给 （某人[某事物]）造成麻烦或困难: a construction schedule plagued by bad weather 因天气恶劣受 阻的工程进度. plague-ridden (also `plague-stricken) adj. infected with a/the plague(1,2) 瘟疫流行的; 有害动物为 患的. plaice / pleIs; ples/ n (pl unchanged 复数不变) type of flat-fish with reddish spots, eaten as food 鲽 （有红斑的比目鱼, 可食）. plaid / plAd; plAd/ n (a) [C] long piece of woollen cloth, worn over the shoulders by Scottish Highlanders （苏格兰高地人用的毛呢的）长披肩. (b) [U] cloth (usu with a tartan pattern) used for this, and for kilts, etc （用作长披肩、男子短裙等的）毛呢, （通常为）格子呢: [attrib 作定语] a plaid kilt （苏格兰男子穿的）格子呢短裙. (c) [C] tartan pattern for cloth 布料的格子图案. plain / pleIn; plen/ adj (-er, -est) 1 easy to see, hear or understand; clear 清楚的; 明白的; 易懂的; 清晰的: The markings along the route are quite plain. 路线沿途的标志都十分清楚. * in plain English 用浅近的英语* He made it plain (to us) that he did not wish to continue. 他向我们明白表 示他不想继续下去. * She made her annoyance plain. 她已怒形于色. 2 (of people or their actions, thoughts, etc) not trying to deceive; frank and direct （指人、其行为、思想等）率直的, 坦率的, 直接的: in plain words, ie frankly 明言* a plain answer 直截了当的回答* the plain truth 明显的 事实* Let me be plain with you, ie speak openly and frankly: There will have to be some plain speaking. 让我开诚布公跟你说吧. 得公开而明白地谈一谈. 3 (a) not decorated or luxurious; ordinary and simple 不矫饰的; 朴素的; 普通的; 平凡的; 简单的: a plain but very elegant dress 朴素而极雅致的连衣裙* plain food/cooking, ie not spicy or rich 清淡的食物[烹调风味] * plain cake, ie without fruit, etc 纯蛋糕（无水果等配料的）* plain chocolate, ie made without adding milk 纯巧克力. (b) without a pattern or marking on it 没有图案或花纹的: plain paper, ie without lines 无 格纸* plain fabric, ie without a pattern or design 素的织物* under plain cover, ie in an envelope without any special marking 在普通信封中（无特殊标记）. 4 not beautiful or good-looking 不漂 亮的; 不好看的: a few rather plain bits of furniture 几件很不起眼的家具* From a rather plain child she had grown into a beautiful woman. 她从一个相貌平平的女孩成长为一个漂亮的妇人. 5 (idm 习语) in plain `English bluntly or simply expressed 用直率的或简单明了的英语: If you wanted me to go why didn't you say so in plain English instead of making vague hints? 你想叫我走, 为什麽拐弯抹角而不直说? make oneself plain make one's meaning clear 表达清楚: There is no more money do I make myself plain? 再也没钱了--我的意思清楚吗? (as) plain as a pikestaff/the nose on one's face very obvious or clearly visible 一清二楚; 显然易见; 明摆著的事. (all) ,plain `sailing course of action that is simple and free from trouble 十分顺利; 一帆风顺: Once the design problems were solved, it was all/everything was plain sailing. 设计问题一经解决, 就容易办了. plain adv (esp US) (a) clearly 清楚地: speak plain 清楚地说. (b) absolutely; simply 绝对地; 简直: That is just plain stupid. 那简直是愚不可及. plainly adv (a) clearly 清楚地: The mountain tops are plainly visible from the village. 自该村望去, 群山之 巅清晰可见. * Try to express yourself more plainly. 尽量表达得清楚些. (b) obviously 显然: That is plainly wrong. 那显然不对. * You are plainly unwilling to co-operate. 你显然不愿合作. * He was plainly unwelcome. 他显然不受欢迎. plainness n. [U]. plain clothes (esp of police officers) ordinary clothes, not uniform （尤指警察的）普通衣服, 便衣: The detectives were in plain clothes. 警探穿著便衣. `plain-clothes adj wearing plain clothes 穿便衣的: a plain-clothes detective 便衣侦 探. plain dealing honesty; straightforwardness 诚实; 直率. plain flour flour that does not contain baking powder 不含发酵粉的普通白面. Cf 参看 self-raising flour. plain-spoken adj. frank in speech, often to the point of rudeness; outspoken 说话坦率的（常近于粗 俗的）; 直言的. plain / pleIn; plen/ n large area of flat land; prairie 平原: a vast, grassy plain 大平原、草原 * the great plains of the American Midwest 美国中西部的大平原. plainsman / -zmEn; -zmEn/ n (pl -men) person living in a region of plains, esp in the great plains of the US 平原居民（尤指在美国大平原上居住的人）. plain / pleIn; plen/ n (in knitting) simple basic stitch （编织中的）平针. Cf 参看 purl. plainchant / 5pleIntFB:nt; ?@ 5pleIntFAnt; `plen9tFAnt/ (also `plainsong / -sCN; -9sRN/) n [U] medieval type of church music for a number of voices singing together, used in the Anglican and Roman Catholic Churches 素歌（中世纪的宗教合唱曲, 为圣公会及天主教所采用）. plaint / pleInt; plent/ n (law 律) charge made against sb in court; accusation 起诉; 诉状. plaintiff / 5pleIntIf; `plentIf/ (also complainant) n person who brings a legal action against sb 原告. Cf 参看 defendant. plaintive / 5pleIntIv; `plentIv/ adj sounding sad; sorrowful （听起来）哀伤的; 悲哀的: a plaintive cry, melody, voice, etc 悲伤的哭泣、曲调、声音等. plaintively adv. plaintiveness n. [U]. plait / plAt; plAt/ (US braid) v [Tn] (a) weave or twist (three or more lengths of hair, straw, etc) under and over one another to make one rope-like length 将（发、草等）编成辫: plait one's hair 编辫子. (b) make (sth) by doing this 编（某物）: plait a basket, cord, rope 编篮子、绳、索. plait n. form made by plaiting 编成的东西; 辫子: wear one's hair in plaits/a plait 把头发编成辫子. =>illus 见插图. plan / plAn; plAn/ n 1 ~ (for sth/doing sth); ~ (to do sth) arrangement for doing or using sth, considered or worked out in advance 计画; 规画; 方案: make plans (for sth) （为某事）定计画 * a plan to produce energy from waste material 利用废物作能源的计画* What are your plans for the holidays? 你假期打算做什麽? * a carefully worked-out plan 精心设计的方案* a change of plan, ie deciding not to do what was planned 计画的变动* a development plan, eg for an industry, a town or an area 发展规画（如工业、城镇或地区的）* The best plan (ie The best thing to do) would be to ignore it completely. 上策是完全不予理睬. * a plan of attack/campaign, ie a way of doing sth, esp sth difficult 攻坚[攻关]方案. 2 (a) detailed, large-scale diagram of part of a town, district, group of buildings, etc （城市、区、建筑群等的）详图: a plan of the royal palace and its surroundings 皇 宫及其环境详图* a plan of the inner city 市中心详图. (b) (esp pl 尤作复数) outline drawing (of a building or structure) showing the position and size of the various parts in relation to each other （建 筑或结构的）平面图, 设计图: draw up plans for an extension 绘制扩建图 * The architect submitted the plans for approval. 建筑师将设计图表交付审批. * The plans of the new development are on show at the Town Hall. 镇公所大厅展出了新开发平面图. (c) diagram (of the parts of a machine) （机器部件的）图解, 说明图: plans of early flying machines 早期飞行器的说明图. Cf 参 看chart, map. 3 way of arranging sth, esp when shown on a drawing; scheme 安排, 方式, 方法 （尤指图示）; 示意图: a seating plan, ie one showing where people are to sit at a table 座位示意图. 4 (idm 习语) go according to plan (of events, etc) take place successfully （指事情等）顺利进行, 按 计画实现: If everything goes according to plan, I shall be back before dark. 假若一切顺利, 我天黑 之前就回来. plan v. (-nn-) 1 [Tn] make a plan of or for (sth) 为（某事物）定计画或绘设计图、平面图等: plan a garden 设计花园* a well-planned city 精心设计的城市* a planned economy, ie controlled by the government 计画经济. 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (for/on/sb/sth) make preparations （为某事物）做准备: plan for the future, one's retirement, etc 为将来、退休等做准备* I had planned for 20 guests, but only 10 arrived. 我做好了招待20 位客人的准备, 可是只来了10 位. * We hadn't planned on twins! 我们 没有生双胞胎的准备! =>Usage at arrange 用法见arrange. 3 [Tt] make plans (to do sth); intend 计 画, 打算（做某事）; 意欲: When do you plan to take your holiday? 你打算什麽时候休假? * We're planning to visit France this summer. 我们正计画今年夏天到法国旅行. 4 (phr v) plan sth out consider sth in detail and arrange it in advance 策画、筹画或详细安排某事物: plan out one's annual expenditure 做出全年的开支预算* plan out atraffic system for the town 为该镇筹画交通系统. plannern (a) person who makes plans 设计者; 策画者. (b) (also ,town `planner) person who works in or studies town planning 城市规画的工作者或研究者. planning n [U] (a) making plans (for sth) （做 某事物的）计画: family planning, ie using birth control to limit the number of children a couple have 计画生育. (b) = town planning (town). planning permission (esp Brit) licence to build a new building or change an existing one, granted by a local authority （兴建或改建建筑物前当局授予的）建筑许 可证. plane / pleIn; plen/ n 1 (a) (geometry 几) surfacesuch that a straight line joining any two points in it touches it at all points 几何平面. (b) any flat or level surface 平面. 2 (fig 比喻) level of thought, existence or development （思想、存在或发展的）水平, 水准, 程度, 阶段: They seem to exist on a different spiritual plane. 他们似乎生活在不同的精神境界. * This species has reached a higher plane of development. 这一种属已达到更高的发展阶段. plane adj. completely flat; level 平的; 平面的: a plane surface 平面. plane v. [I, Ip] (of an aeroplane) move through the air,esp without an engine; glide （指飞机）航行, （尤指）滑行. plane geometry geometry of two-dimensional or plane figures 平面几何学. plane sailing method of calculating a ship's position as though the ship were on a plane surface instead of the curved surface of the earth 平面航法（将地球曲面视作平面测定船的位置）. plane-table n. instrument used by surveyors for drawing plans in fieldwork, consisting of a circular table with a pivoted sighting-device 平板仪. plane / pleIn; plen/ n tool, consisting of a blade set in a flat surface, which makes the surface of wood smooth by shaving very thin layers from it 刨子. plane v. 1 (a) [Tn] use a plane on (sth) 用刨子刨（某物）: plane the edge of the plank 刨木板的 边缘. (b) [Cn.a] make (sth) smooth, etc by using a plane 用刨刨平（某物）: plane sth smooth 将某 物刨平滑. 2 (phr v) ~ sth away/down/off remove sth using a plane 用刨刨去某物: plane away the irregularities on a surface 把一物体表面上的突出物刨掉. plane / pleIn; plen/ (also `plane-tree) n any of several types of deciduous tree with spreading branches, broad leaves and thin bark that comes off in flakes 悬铃木. plane / pleIn; plen/ n = aeroplane: travel by plane 乘飞机* The plane is about to land. 飞机即行著 陆. * [attrib 作定语] a plane flight 飞机的飞行. planet / 5plAnIt; `plAnIt/ n any of the bodies in space that move around a star (such as the sun) and are illuminated by it 行星: The planets of our solar system are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto. 我们太阳系的行星是水星、金星、地球、火星、木星、土 星、天王星、海王星、冥王星. planetarium / 9plAnI5teErIEm; 9plAnE`tZrIEm/ n (pl ~s or -ia / -IE; -IE/) (building with a) device for representingthe positions and movements of the planets and stars by projecting spots of light on a dome which represents the sky 天象仪; 天象馆; 天文馆. planetary / 5plAnItrI; ?@ -terI; `plAnE9tZrI/ adj of orlike a planet or planets （似）行星的: planetary movements 行星的运动. plangent / 5plAndVEnt; `plAndVEnt/ adj (fml 文) 1 (of sounds) throbbing loudly; reverberating （指声音）震荡的, 回响的. 2 (of sounds) expressing sadness; mournful （指声音）凄切的, 悲戚 的. plangency / -dVEnsI;-dVEnsI/ n [U]. plangently adv. plank / plANk; plANk/ n 1 long flat piece of sawn timber, 50-150mm thick and at least 200mm wide, used for making floors, etc 木板（厚50-150 毫米, 宽至少200 毫米, 用以铺地面等）. 2 (esp politics 尤用于政治) any of the main principles of the policy or programme of a political party （政 党的）政策或政纲的准则: the main planks of their disarmament platform 他们的裁军政纲准则. 3 (idm 习语) thick as two planks => thick. walk the plank => walk1. plank v. (phr v) plank sth down (infml 口) (a) put (sth) down heavily 重重地放下（某物）: plank down one's luggage 重重地放下行李. (b) pay (money) at once 立即付（钱）. Cf 参看 plonk1 v. planking n. [U] planks used esp to make a floor; structure made of planks 板材; （尤指）地板: Are you going to cover the planking with carpet? 你打算在地板上铺地毯吗? plankton / 5plANktEn; `plANktEn/ n [U] any of the (mainly microscopic) forms of plant and animal life that drift in or float on the water of seas, rivers, lakes, etc 浮游生物. plant / plB:nt; ?@ plAnt; plAnt/ n 1 [C] (a) living organism that is not an animal, which grows in the earth and usu has a stem, leaves and roots 植物: Plants need light and water. 植物需要光和水. * [attrib 作定语] `plant life 植物. (b) any of the smaller kinds of these as distinct from shrubs or trees 花草: garden plants * a `strawberry plant 一株草莓* plants flowering in the window-box 窗口花 坛中开著花的花草. 2 (a) [U] machinery, equipment, etc used in an industrial or a manufacturing process （用于工业生产中的）机器、设备等: The firm has made a huge investment in new plant. 该 公司投入巨资购置新设备. * [attrib 作定语] `plant hire, ie renting of machines or equipment 机器 租赁. (b) [C] piece of machinery or equipment 机器; 设备: The farm has its own `power plant. 这家 农场自己有发电设备. 3[C] (esp US) place where an industrial or a manufacturingprocess takes place; factory 工厂: a `chemical plant 化工厂* a nuclear re`processing plant 核燃料后处理工厂. =>Usage at factory 用法见factory. 4 [C] (infml 口) (a) thing placed deliberately so that its discovery willmake an innocent person appear guilty; false or misleadingevidence 栽赃物; 伪证: He claimed that the stolen jewellery found in his house was a plant. 他声称在他家中发现的那些失窃的 珠宝是有人给他栽赃. (b) person who joins a group of criminals, conspirators, etc in order to spy on them for others （在犯罪、阴谋等集团中卧底的）眼线, 坐探: They discovered that he was a police plant. 他们发现他是警方的眼线. plant / plB:nt; ?@ plAnt; plAnt/ v 1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] put (plants, seeds, etc) in the ground to grow 种 植; 栽种: plant flowers around the pool 在池子周围栽花* We planted beans and peas in the garden. 我们在花园中种菜豆和豌豆. * Plant in rows two feet apart. 每隔两英尺种一行. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) put bushes, trees, flowers, etc in (a garden, flower-bed, etc) 在（花园、花圃等）中栽 种花草树木: plant a garden 在花园中种花* plant the border with spring flowers 在边上种上春天 开花的植物* mountain slopes planted with conifers 栽有松柏的山坡. Cf 参看 sow2. 2 [Tn.pr] (a) place (sth) in position firmly or forcefully 牢固地或用力地安放（某物）: He planted his feet firmly on the ground. 他在地上双脚站得很稳. * He stood with his feet planted wide apart. 他两脚 叉开很大距离站著. (b) (infml 口) position (oneself) 使（自己）处于某一位置: plant oneself in a chair in front of the fire 坐到炉前的椅子上. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr] (infml 口) (a) ~ sth (on sb) hide sth where it will be found in order to deceive sb or make an innocent person seem guilty 给某人栽赃: plant stolen goods on sb 把赃物栽给某人* He claimed that the weapons had been planted (on him). 他称那些武器是别人（给他）栽的赃. (b) ~ sb (in sth) cause sb to join a group secretly, esp to spy on its members 使某人秘密加入一集团; （尤指）安插眼线或坐探: The police had planted a spy in the gang. 警方在那团伙中安插了一名坐探. * The speaker's supporters were planted in the audience and applauded loudly. 听众中安插了演讲人的支持者; 他们使劲给他鼓掌. 4 [Tn.pr] ~ sth in sth fix or establish (an idea, etc) in sb's mind 给某人灌输（某思想等）: Who planted that idea in your head? 是谁给你灌输的这种思想? * His strange remarks planted doubts in our minds about his sanity. 他那 些怪话使我们心中生疑, 不知他精神是否正常. 5 [Tn.pr] deliver (a blow, etc) with deliberate aim 给以（一击等）: plant a kiss on sb's cheek 在某人的面颊上吻一下* plant a blow on the side of sb's head 向某人头侧一击* plant a knife in sb's back 把刀插入某人的背上. 6 (phr v) plant (sth) out place (plants) in the ground so that they have enough room to grow 移栽, 移植（植物）: plant out tomato seedlings 把西红柿移栽到地里. planter n. 1 person who grows crops on or manages a plantation 农场的种植者或经管者: a `sugar-planter, `tea-planter, `rubber-planter, etc 糖料作物、茶、橡胶等的种植者. 2 machine for planting (plant2 1) 种植机. 3 (esp US) container in which plants are grown, esp in a house as an ornament 花盆（尤指室内的）. plantain / 5plAntIn; `plAntIn/ n (a) [C, U] tropical fruit, similar to a banana but usu cooked before being eaten 大蕉（果实）. (b) [C] tree-like plant that bears this 大蕉（植物）. plantain / 5plAntIn; `plAntIn/ n common wild plant with broad flat leaves and small green flowers, that bears seeds which are used as food for cage-birds 车前草. plantation / plAn5teIFn, also, in British use, 英式英语亦读作plB:n-; plAn`teFEn/ n 1 large piece of land, esp in a tropical country, where tea, cotton, sugar, tobacco, etc are grown （茶、棉、甘蔗、 烟草等的）大种植园, 大农场（尤指热带国家的）: [attrib 作定语] a plantation manager 种植园经 管者. 2 (a) area of land planted with trees 造林地: plantations of fir and pine 枞树及松树林地. (b) group of trees or plants planted together 人工林; 人工植物带. plaque / plB:k; ?@ plAk; plAk/ n flat (usu round) piece of stone, metal or porcelain fixed on a wall as an ornament or a memorial （装于墙上作饰物或纪念物的石质、金属或瓷制的）饰板（通常为 圆形）: A simple plaque marks the spot where the martyr died. 有一块朴素的饰板用以纪念该烈士 的殉难处. plaque / plB:k; ?@ plAk; plAk/ n [U] (medical 医) soft substance that forms on teeth and encourages the growth of harmful bacteria 牙斑: It is necessary to remove plaque by brushing one's teeth. 需刷 牙以去除牙斑. Cf 参看 tartar1 1. plasma / 5plAzmE; `plAzmE/ (also plasm / 5plzEm;`plAzEm/) n [U] (anatomy 解) 1 (a) clear yellowish liquid part of blood, in which the corpuscles float 血浆. (b) (medical 医) (also `blood plasma) this fluid taken from the blood and specially treated for use in bloodtransfusions （输血用的） 血浆. 2 = protoplasm. 3 (physics 物) type of gas containing positively and negatively charged particles in approximately equal numbers, and present in the sun and most stars 等离子体. plaster / 5plB:stE(r); ?@ 5plAs-; `plAstL/ n 1 [U] soft mixture of lime, sand, water, etc that becomes hard when dry and is used for making a smooth surface on walls and ceilings 灰泥（涂平墙壁和天花 板用的）: The plaster will have to dry out before you can paint the room. 待房间的灰泥乾后才可粉 刷. 2 [U] (also ,plaster of `Paris) white paste made from gypsum that becomes very hard when dry, used for making moulds, holding broken bones in place, etc 烧石膏; 熟石膏: She broke her ankle weeks ago and it's still in plaster. 她的踝关节数周前骨折, 至今仍打著石膏. 3 [C, U] = sticking plaster (stick2). plaster v. 1 (a) [Tn] cover (a wall, etc) with plaster(1) 用灰泥涂抹（墙壁等）. (b) [Tn.pr] ~ A with B/~ B on(to) A cover sth with sth thickly, as one puts plaster on a wall 用黏稠物涂抹某物: hair plastered with oil 抹油的头发* an artist who plasters the paint on the canvas 在画布上涂颜料的画 家* plaster the town with posters 把海报贴遍市镇. 2 [Tn] cover (a wound, etc) with a plaster(2) 给（受伤处等）打石膏. 3 (phr v) plaster sth down make sth lie flat by putting a wet or sticky substance on it （敷湿或黏之物）使某物平贴: plaster one's hair down 用发蜡把头发梳平. plastered adj. (sl 俚) drunk 醉的: be/get plastered 醉了. plasterer / 5plAB:stErE(r); `plAstErL/ n person whose job is to put plaster on walls and ceilings 粉刷 匠; 泥水匠. plasterboard n. [U] board made of sheets of cardboard with plaster(1) between them, used for inside walls and ceilings 灰泥板（以灰泥夹心, 作内墙壁及天花板用的）. plaster cast ( a) mould made with gauze and plaster of Paris to hold a broken or dislocated bone in place 石膏绷带（作折断或脱位之骨复位固定用者）. (b) mould (eg for a small statue) made of plaster of Paris 石膏模型（如做小塑像的）. plastic / 5plAstIk; `plAstIk/ n 1 (a) [C usu pl 通常作复数] any of several chemically produced substances that can be formed into shapes when heated or made into thin threads and used in textiles 塑料: the use of plastics in industry 塑料在工业中的应用. (b) [U] substance made in this way 可塑 性物质: Many items in daily use are made out of plastic. 有很多日常生活用品是塑料制的. * Plastic is sometimes used instead of leather. 塑料有时可以代替皮革. 2 plastics [sing v] science of making plastics (plastic 1a) 塑料学. 3 [U] (also plastic money) (infml 口) credit card(s) 信用卡: `Have you got any cash or shall we use plastic?' `Put it on the plastic.' ｀你有没有现金? 还是我们用信用 卡呢?＇｀用信用卡吧.＇ plastic adj. 1 (of goods) made of plastic(1b) （指物品）塑料的: a plastic cup, raincoat, spoon, toy, wrist-watch 塑料杯、雨衣、羹匙、玩具、手表* fabric with a plastic coating 塑料涂层纤维 织物 * a plastic bag, ie made from very thin soft plastic material 塑料袋. 2 (of materials or substances) easily shaped or moulded （指材料或物质）可塑的: Clay is a plastic substance. 黏土是 可塑物质. * (fig 比喻) The mind of a young child is quite plastic. 儿童的思想很有可塑性. 3 of the art of modelling eg clay or wax 制造模型的艺术的（如用黏土或蜡等）: the plastic arts, ie sculpture, ceramics, etc 制造模型的艺术. plasticity / pl5AstIsEtI; plAs`tIsEtI/ n [U] state or quality of being able to be moulded or shaped 可塑 性. plastic bomb bomb that contains plastic explosive 塑料炸弹. plastic explosive explosive material that can easily be formed into different shapes or moulded around the object it is used to destroy 塑料炸药. plastic surgery repairing or replacing injured or damaged tissue on the surface of the body, eg after a person has been badly burned 整形外科. plasticine (also Plasticine) / 5plAstIsi:n; `plAstE9sin/ n [U] (propr 专利名esp Brit) substance similar to clay but which does not harden like clay, used for modelling, esp by children 橡皮泥. plate / pleIt; plet/ n 1 [C] (a) (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) shallow (usu round) dish made usu of earthenware or china, from which food is served or eaten 盘子; 碟子: a `dinner, `meat, `soup, etc plate 餐盘、肉盘、汤盘* paper/plastic `plates, eg at a picnic 纸[塑料]盘（如野餐用 的）. =>illus 见插图. (b) contents of this 一盘所盛之物: a plate of soup, stew, etc 一盘汤、炖肉等. (c) similar dish, usu made of metal or wood, used to collect money from the congregation in church （教会的）捐款盘, 奉献盘: pass round the plate 传递捐献盘 * put ￡5 in the plate 把5 英镑放入 捐献盘中. 2 [U] (a) spoons, forks, dishes, bowls, etc made of gold or silver, esp for use at meals 金 的或银的餐具: a fine piece of plate, ie one of these articles 一件精致的贵金属餐具. (b) dishes, bowls, chalices, etc made of gold or silver for use in church 教会的金的或银的圣餐具: The plate is kept in a locked cupboard. 圣餐具放在有锁的橱里. 3 [U] (often in compounds 常用以构成复合 词) metal other than silver or gold that has been covered with a thin coating of silver or gold 镀金或 镀银的金属: electroplate, ie object(s) coated with a thin layer of metal 电镀物品* gold/silver plate 镀金[镀银] * I thought the teapot was silver, but it's only plate. 我以为那把茶壶是银的, 原来只是 电镀的. 4 [C] (a) thin flat sheet of metal, glass, etc （金属、玻璃等的）薄板材: steel plates, eg used in shipbuilding 钢板（如造船用的）. (b) (biology 生) thin flat piece of horn, bone, etc （骨质、角 质等的）盾片, 鳞片: The armadillo has a protective shell of bony plates. 犰狳有角质鳞片的护甲. 5 [C] (geology 地质) any of the large rigid sheets of rock that make up the earth's surface 板岩; 页 岩: [attrib 作定语] plate tectonics, ie study of the structure and formation of the earth's surface through the movements of its plates 板块构造学. 6 [C] oblong piece of metal with sth stamped or engraved on it （印或刻有名号等的）金属牌: a brass `plate, eg on the door of a doctor, solicitor, etc with his name on it 黄铜牌（如医生、律师等门上的名牌）* a `licence-/`number-plate, eg on a car 牌照[号码牌]（如汽车上的）. 7 [C] (a) sheet of metal, plastic, rubber, etc treated so that words or pictures can be printed from it （金属、塑料、橡胶等制的印刷用的）版, 印版. (b) (esp photographic) book illustration, esp one that is printed separately from the rest of the text 书籍插图 （尤指照片版插页, 与正文分开印刷的）: `colour plate 彩色插图. 8 [C, U] (in photography) sheet of (esp) glass coated with a film sensitive to light （照相用的）感光底片, （尤指）玻璃感光片: `whole-/`half-/`quarter-plate, ie the usual sizes 整张[半张/四分之一张]感光片. 9 (also `dental plate, denture) [C] thin piece of plastic material moulded to the shape of the gums or roof of the mouth for holding artificial teeth 托牙板. 10 [C] (a) silver or gold cup as a prize for a horse-race （作赛马奖 品的）金杯, 银杯. (b) the race itself （以金杯或银杯作奖品的）赛马. 11 [C] (in baseball) home base of the batting side （棒球中的）本垒. 12 (idm 习语) hand/give sb sth on a `plate (infml 口) give sb sth or allow sb to obtain sth without any effort on his part 把某事物奉送某人; 让某人轻易 获得某事物: You can't expect promotion to be handed to you on a plate. 晋升的事休想会给你送货 上门. on one's `plate to occupy one's time or energy 花个人的时间或精力: have enough/a lot/too much on one's plate 有够多[很多/太多]的事要做* I can't help you at the moment --I've far too much on my plate already. 我现在无法帮助你--我自己的事已经太多了. plateful / -fUl; -9fJl/ n amount that a plate1(1a) holds 一盘的量: The child has eaten three platefuls of porridge! 这孩子已经喝了三盘粥了! plate glass very clear glass of fine quality made in thick sheets, used eg for doors, mirrors, shop windows, etc 厚 玻璃板（如门、镜子、商店橱窗等用的）: [attrib 作定语] a plate-glass window 厚玻璃板的窗 户. plate-rack n. rack in which food plates are stored or left to drain after being washed 餐具架（供储放 或控乾餐具用的）. =>illus at rack 见rack 插图. plate / pleIt; plet/ v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr esp passive 尤用于被动语态] ~ sth (with sth) cover (another metal) with a thin layer esp of gold or silver 镀（另一金属）（尤指镀金或镀银）: a copper tray plated with silver 镀银的铜托盘 * gold-plated dishes 镀金餐碟 * silver-plated spoons 镀银羹匙. 2 [Tn] cover (esp a ship) with metal plates 给（尤指船）覆金属板. plateau / 5plAtEU; ?@ plA5tEU; plA`to/ n (pl ~s or -eaux / -tEUz; -`toz/) 1 large area of fairly level land high above sea-level 高原. Cf 参看ridge 2. 2 state of little or no change following a period of rapid growth or development （迅速增长或发展后的）稳定状态: After a period of rapid inflation, prices have now reached a plateau. 经急剧通货膨胀之后物价现已趋于平稳. platelayer / 5pleItleIE(r); `plet9leL/ n (Brit) person whose job is to lay and repair railway tracks （铺 设及维修钢轨的）路工. platelet / 5pleItlIt; `pletlIt/ n any of the numerous tiny discs in the blood that help it to clot 血小板. platform / 5plAtfR:m; `plAt9fRrm/ n 1 level surface raised above the surrounding ground or floor, esp one from which public speakers, performers, etc can be seen by their audience 台; 平台; （尤指） 讲台, 舞台, 戏台: the concert platform, ie place where a pianist performs 钢琴演奏台 * Your questions will be answered from the platform. 你的问题将由台上的人作答. * appear on the same platform/share a platform with sb, ie make speeches, etc at the same public meeting 与某人在同一公 众集会上发表演说. 2 (at a railway station) flat surface built next to and at a higher level than the track, where passengers get on and off trains （火车站的）站台, 月台: Which platform does the Brighton train leave from? 开往布赖顿市的火车在第几站台? * Your train is waiting at platform 5. 你要坐的那趟火车在第5 站台. * He came running along the platform just as the train was leaving. 火车刚开就见他沿月台跑过来. 3 (Brit) floor area at the entrance to a bus where passengers get on and off （公共汽车供乘客上下车的）入口平台. 4 (politics 政) main policies and aims of a political party, esp as stated before an election; manifesto （政党的）纲领; （尤指选举前发表的）政纲; 宣 言: fight the election/come to power on a platform of economic reform 以经济改革为政纲竞选[掌Oxford Dictionary Translation memory software company ForeignDesk, Okapi Framework, OmegaT, Transolution, AidTransStudio, Cafetran, Déjà Vu (DVX), Heartsome Translation Suite, MemoQ, MetaTexis, Rainbow, SDLX, SDL, STAR Transit, Trados, SDL Trados, Wordfast, WordFisher, Similis, Open Language Tools http://www.transgood.com