TransGood-Translation memory software Trados, SDL, ForeignDesk, Wordfast, WordFisher, Déjà Vu (DVX), 译佳计算机辅助翻译软件, 雅信CAT TransGood, TransMemory, Translation Software Tools, Computer-assisted translation, computer-aided translation, CAT, machine-aided translation, Translation memory software, Terminology management software, Alignment software, Software localization tools, ?bersetzung Software, Logiciels de traduction, Software di traduzione, Traducción de Software, Mémoire de traduction, Tradu??o memória, Memoria de traducción, Memoria di traduzione, Перевод Software, ForeignDesk, Okapi Framework, OmegaT, Transolution, AidTransStudio, Cafetran, Déjà Vu (DVX), Heartsome Translation Suite, MemoQ, MetaTexis, Rainbow, SDLX, SDL, STAR Transit, Trados, SDL Trados, Wordfast, WordFisher, Similis, Open Language Tools, 翻訳ソフトウェア, 翻訳メモリ, 翻译软件 辅助翻译软件 计算机辅助翻译软件 人工智能翻译 翻译工具 专业翻译软件 翻译记忆软件 塔多思 Trados SDL WordFast 雅信CAT 翻译公司 牛津词典 Oxford Dictionary 权]. plating / 5pleItIN; `pletIN/ n [U] 1 thin covering of metal, esp silver or gold, on another metal 极薄 的金属（尤指金或银）的镀层或包层: The plating is beginning to wear off in places. 镀层有的地 方已经磨掉了. 2 layer or covering esp of metal plates 层, 外层（尤指金属板）: protected with steel plating 用钢板防护的. platinum / 5plAtInEm; `plAtnEm/ n [U] (chemistry 化) greyish-white metallic element that does not tarnish, used to make jewellery and, esp in alloys with other metals, in industry 铂; 白金: a sapphire in a platinum setting 白金托镶著的蓝宝石. =>App 10 见附录10. platinum blonde ( infml 口) (woman) having hair that is very fair or silvery white (but not white with age) 有浅色或银白色头发的（女子）（非因年老所致）. platitude / 5plAtItju:d; ?@ -tu:d; `plAtE9tud/ n [C] (fml derog 文, 贬) commonplace remark or statement, esp when it is said as if it were new or interesting 陈词滥调; （尤指当作新内容或津津乐 道的）老调重弹: We shall have to listen to more platitudes about the dangers of overspending. 我们 又得再听一通超支危害的陈词滥调了. platitudinous / 9plAtI5tju:dInEs; ?@ -5tu:dEnEs;9plAtE`tudnEs/ adj (fml derog 文, 贬) commonplace or banal 平凡的; 陈腐的; 乏味的: platitudinous remarks 老生常谈 * The whole speech was platitudinous nonsense. 整篇讲话都是陈谷子烂芝麻. platonic / plE5tCnIk; plE`tBnIk/ adj 1 Platonic of or concerning the Greek philosopher Plato or his teachings 柏拉图的; 柏拉图哲学的. 2 (of love or a friendship between two people) close and deep but not sexual （指两人的爱或友谊）亲密（但无性欲）的, 纯友谊的, 柏拉图式的: He said that his feelings for her were entirely platonic. 他说他对她的感情完全是友谊. * They'd had a close platonic relationship for more than thirty years. 他们之间的柏拉图式的亲密关系已有三十多年了. platoon / plE5tu:n; plE`tun/ n group of soldiers, a subdivision of a company, acting as a unit under the command of a lieutenant 排（军队中连的下一级）. platter / 5plAtE(r); `plAtL/ n 1 (a) large shallow dish for serving food, esp meat or fish 大浅盘（尤 指盛肉或鱼的）. (b) (arch 古Brit) flat dish usu made of wood （通常为木制的）盘, 碟. 2 (US infml 口) gramophone record 唱片. platypus / 5plAtIpEs; `plAtEpEs/ n (pl ~es) (also ,duck-billed `platypus) small Australian furred animalwith a duck-like beak, webbed feet and a flat tail, that lays eggs but gives milk to its young 鸭 嘴兽（产于澳洲）. plaudit / 5plR:dIt; `plRdIt/ n (usu pl 通常作复数) (fml 文) applause, praise or some other sign of approval 鼓掌; 喝采; 称赞: She won plaudits for the way she presented her case. 她妙语陈情博得 众口交赞. plausible / 5plR:zEbl; `plRzEbl/ adj 1 (of a statement, an excuse, etc) seeming to be right or reasonable; believable （指陈述、藉口等）似乎正确的, 似有道理的, 可信的: She could find no plausible explanation for its disappearance. 她无法解释清楚何以不翼而飞. * His story was/sounded perfectly plausible. 他的话[听起来]言之成理. 2 (derog 贬) (of a person) skilled in producing convincing arguments, esp in order to deceive （指人）能说会道的（尤指为行骗）: a plausible trickster, rogue, liar, etc 花言巧语的骗子、无赖、说谎大王等* She was so plausible she would have deceived anyone. 她鼓舌如簧--把谁都能骗倒. Cf 参看 implausible. plausibility / 9plR:zE5bIlEtI; 9plRzE`bIlEtI/ n [U] state of being plausible 似正确或有理; 可信; 能言善辩:the plausibility of her alibi 她申辩不在现场言之凿凿* Beware of the plausibility of salesmen! 要警惕推销员的花言巧语! plausibly / -EblI; -EblI/ adv: The case was presented very plausibly. 案情的申述似很可信. * He argued very plausibly for its acceptance. 他为使之认可辩解得头头是道. play / pleI; ple/ n 1 [U] activity done for amusement, esp by children; recreation 游戏, 玩耍（尤指 儿童的）; 娱乐: the happy sounds of children at play 儿童游戏时欢乐的声音* the advantages of learning through play 寄学习于娱乐的优点* His life is all work and no play. 他的生活是只知工 作没有娱乐. 2 (sport 体) (a) [U] playing of a game 比赛; 竞赛; 运动: There was no play/Rain stopped play yesterday. 昨天没有[因雨停止]比赛. * The tennis players need total concentration during play. 网球运动员在比赛中需要全神贯注. (b) [U] manner of playing a game 比赛、竞赛或 运动的表现或作风: There was some excellent play in yesterday's match. 昨天的比赛有些出色的表 现. * They were penalized for too much rough play. 他们因在比赛中过于粗野而受罚. (c) [C] (esp US) action or manoeuvre in a game 比赛中的动作或技巧: a good play 漂亮的动作 * a fine defensive/passing play 精彩的防守[传递]动作. 3 [C] work (written to be) performed by actors; drama 戏剧; 剧本: a radio play 电台广播剧* a fine edition of Shakespeare's plays 莎士比亚戏剧 集锦* She has just written a new play. 她刚写完一部新剧. * act/take part in a play 在一剧中[参加 一剧的]演出* We are going to see the new play at the Playhouse. 我们要到大剧院看新剧. 4 [U] (scope for) free and easy movement 自由活动（的范围）: Give the line more play, eg in fishing. 把 线放松些（如钓鱼线）. * a knot with too much play, ie one that is not tight enough 松的结（系得不 紧的）* We need more play on the rope. 绳子要松些. 5 [U] activity; operation; interaction 活动; 作用; 相互的影响: the play of supernatural forces in human destiny 超自然的力量对人类命运的影 响. 6 [U] light, quick, constantly shifting movement 轻的、快的、不断转换的动作: the play of sunlight on water 阳光在水面上的闪烁. 7 [U] taking part in card-games, or board games, roulette, etc when playing for money; gambling 赌博: lose 500 in one evening's play 一晚上赌博输掉500 英 镑. 8 [sing] turn or move in cards, chess, etc （纸牌、下棋等游戏中）轮到的机会: It's your play, ie You are the next to make a move. 轮到你了. 9 (idm 习语) bring sth into `play cause sth to have an influence 使某事物发生作用或影响: This financial crisis has brought new factors into play. 这次 金融危机引发新的因素起了作用. call sth into play => call2. child's play => child. come into `play (begin to) be active or have an influence （开始）积极活动或起作用: Personal feelings should not come into play when one has to make business decisions. 为公事作决策不应搀杂个人情感. fair play => fair1. give, etc free play/rein to sb/sth => free2. give sb/sth full play => full. in full play => full. in `play as a joke; not seriously 开玩笑地; 打趣地: The remark was only made in play. 那话只 是说著玩的. in/out of `play (sport 体) (of the ball in football, cricket, etc) in/not in a position where the rules allow it to be played （指足球、板球等的球）按规则处于可[不可]比赛状态中. make a play for sb/sth (esp US) perform actions that are designed to achieve a desired result 为得到意想的结 果而采取行动: She was making a big play for the leadership of the party. 她千方百计要当党的领导. * He was making a play for the prettiest girl in the college. 他挖空心思想勾引那所学院中最漂亮的 女生. a play on `words pun 双关语: The advertising slogan was a play on words. 那条广告口号是双 关语. the state of play => state1. playlet / 5pleIlIt; `plelIt/ n short play1(3) 短剧. play-act v. [I] make a show of feelings one does not really have; pretend 做作; 假装. play-acting n. [U] (a) performing in a play1(3) 演戏. (b) pretence, esp of feelings 假装（尤指感情 的）. playbill n. poster announcing the performance of a play1(3) 戏剧海报. playboy n. rich (esp young) man who spends his time enjoying himself 寻欢作乐的男子（尤指年轻 的）; 花花公子. play-by-play n. (US sport 体) detailed commentary on a game, broadcast as it happens （比赛的） 实况详细述评. playfellow (also `playmate) n. companion with whom (esp) a child plays 游戏伙伴（尤指儿童的）. playgoer / -gEUE(r); -9-oL/ n person who (often) goes to the theatre （常）看戏的人. playground n. (a) area of land where children play, eg as part of a school 游戏场, 运动场（如学校 的操场）. (b) (fig 比喻) area where people like to go on holiday 度假胜地: The island has become a playground for the rich businessmen of the city. 那个岛已成为城里富商的度假胜地. playgroup (also `playschool) n. [CGp] group of children below school age who meet regularly and play together under the supervision of adults （学龄前的）幼儿学校. Cf 参看 nursery school (nursery). playhouse n. 1 theatre 剧院. 2 (also `Wendy house) model of a house large enough for a child to play in 游戏房（儿童可进入的模型房子）. play-pen n. small portable enclosure with wooden bars or netting where a baby or small child can play 游戏围栏（供幼儿在其中玩耍的便携式围栏）. play-room n. room in a house for children to play in （家庭中的）儿童游戏室. plaything n. (a) toy 玩具. (b) person treated as an unimportant object of amusement by sb else 被玩 弄的人: She seemed content with her life as a rich man's plaything. 她似乎满足于做有钱男子的玩 物. playtime n. [C, U] (period of) time for recreation and relaxation, esp in school 游戏或娱乐的时间 （尤指学校中的）: The children have three playtimes during the day. 那些学生一天有三次游戏时 间. * The children are outside during playtime. 在娱乐时间学生都在室外活动. playwright / 5pleIraIt; `ple9raIt/ n person who writes plays; dramatist 剧作家. play / pleI; ple/ v DOING THINGS FOR AMUSEMENT 玩耍1 (a) [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (with sb/sth) do things for pleasure, as children do; enjoy oneself, rather than work 玩; 玩耍; 游戏: There's a time to work and a time to play. 有工作的时间, 也要有娱乐的时间. * play with a ball, toy, bicycle 玩球、 玩玩具、骑自行车玩 * a little child playing with his friend 和小朋友一起玩耍的小男孩 * children playing for hours in the garden 在花园里玩了几小时的儿童. (b) [Ipr no passive 不用于被 动语态, Tn no passive 不用于被动语态, Tg] ~ (at) sth/~ (at) doing sth (esp of children) pretend to be sth or do sth for amusement （尤指儿童）装扮, 假装: Let's play (at) (being) pirates. 咱们装海盗玩 儿吧. * The children were playing at keeping shop. 孩子们假装开商店玩儿. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.n no passive 不用于被动语态] ~ sth (on sb) trick sb for amusement 开某人玩笑: play a joke/prank/trick (on sb) 开某人玩笑[对某人搞恶作剧/作弄某人] * They played me a rotten trick. 他们跟我开了一 个很讨厌的玩笑. TAKING PART IN A GAME 参加比赛 3 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (with/against sb); ~ sb (at sth) take part in a game; compete against sb in a game 参加比赛; 同某人 比赛: play football, cricket, chess, cards, etc 踢足球、打板球、下国际象棋、玩纸牌 * playing (darts) with one's friends 和朋友玩（掷镖游戏）* She plays (hockey) for England. 她在英格兰队 打（曲棍球）. * On Saturday France play(s) (Rugby) against Wales. 星期六法国（橄榄球）队和威 尔士队比赛. * Have you played her (at tennis) yet? 你同她比赛过（网球）了吗? 4 [I, Tn] gamble at or on (sth) 赌（某事物）; 在（某事物）中赌博: play at the roulette table 赌轮盘赌* play the casinos 在娱乐场赌博* play the stock-market, ie buy and sell shares, etc to make money 买卖股票. 5 (a) [Ipr, Tn] take (a particular position) in a team （在体育队中）担任（某角色）: Who's playing in goal? 谁做守门员? * I've never played (as/at) centre-forward before. 我以前从未当过中锋. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.n/a] ~ sb (as sth) include sb in a team 让某人加入队中比赛: I think we should play Bill on the wing in the next match. 我认为下一场应当让比尔任边锋. * Who shall we play at/as centre-forward? 咱们派谁当中锋? 6 (a) [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] (in sport) (try to) strike, kick, throw, etc (the ball, etc), esp in the specified manner or direction （体育运动中）击, 踢, 掷, 投（球等）（尤指以某种 方式或向某方向）: She played (at the ball) and missed. 她击球未中. * In soccer, only the goal-keeper may play the ball with his hands. 在足球运动中只有守门员可以用手触球. * He played the ball onto his wicket, ie accidentally struck it so that it hit the wicket. 他把球打进了自己的三柱 门. (b) [Tn] (in sport) make (a stroke, etc) （体育运动中）做出（某动作）: play a fast backhand volley 作快速反手拦击. 7 [I] (of a sports pitch, etc) be in a certain condition for playing （指体育比赛场 地等）处于某条件: a pitch that plays well, poorly, etc, ie allows the ball to move easily, slowly, etc 好 用、不好用等的场地. 8 [I, Tn] (a) move (a piece) in chess, etc 下, 移动（棋子等）: She played her bishop. 她走了象. (b) put (a playing-card) face upwards on the table in a game of cards （纸牌游戏 中）出牌: Have you played? 你出牌了吗? * Don't play out of turn! 别抢出牌! * play one's ace, a trump, etc 出A、王牌等. PRODUCING MUSIC OR SOUND 演奏或放音9 (a) [I, Ipr, Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ (sth) (on sth); ~ sth (to sb) perform on (a musical instrument); perform (music) 演奏（乐器或 音乐）: In the distance a band was playing. 远处一乐队在演奏. * play (the violin, flute, etc) (well) 演奏（小提琴、笛子等）（演奏得优美）* play (a sonata) to an audience 给听众演奏（一奏鸣曲） * play a tune on a guitar 用吉他弹一曲调* play sb a piece by Chopin 给某人演奏萧邦的一首乐 曲. (b) [I] (of music) be performed （指音乐）演奏: I could hear music playing on the radio. 我听到 收音机里演奏著音乐. 10 (a) [Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (for sb) cause (a record, record-player, etc) to produce sound 用（唱片、唱机等）播放: Can you play (me) her latest record? 给我放放她最新录 制的唱片行吗? * Play that jazz tape for me, please. 请给我放那盘爵士乐录音带吧. (b) [I] (of a tape, record, etc) produce sound （指录音带、唱片等）放音: There was a record playing in the next room. 隔壁房间里正在放唱片. ACTING 表演11 (a) [Tn] act in (a drama, etc); act the role of (sb) 演（戏等）; 扮演（某人）的角色: They're playing `Carmen' at the Coliseum. 他们在伦敦的 大剧场上演《卡门》. * play (the part of) Ophelia 扮演奥菲莉娅（的角色）. (b) [I, Ipr] ~ (to sb) (of a drama) beperformed （指戏剧）演出, 上演: a production of `Hamlet' playing to enthusiastic audiences 为热情的观众演出的《哈姆雷特》. 12 [La, Ln, Tn no passive 不用于被动语态] behave in a specified way; act as if one were (a particular type of person) 以某种方式表现; 装成（某种人）: play dead, ie pretend to be dead in order to trick sb 装死（骗人）* play the politician, diplomat, etc 扮政治家、外交家等* play the fool, ie act foolishly 做蠢事* play the sympathetic friend, the wronged wife, the busy tycoon, etc 装成有同情心的朋友、受委屈的妻子、忙碌的企业家等. OTHER MEANINGS 其他意义13 (a) [Ipr] move quickly and lightly, esp often changing direction 快而轻地动（尤指常变换方向）: sunlight playing on/over the surface of the lake 湖面上闪动的阳 光 * (fig 比喻) A smile played on/about her lips. 她双唇露出一丝微笑. * His mind played on the idea of going away for a holiday. 他心里动著度假的念头. (b) [Tn.pr] direct (esp light or water) in a specified direction 将（尤指光或水）对准某处: play the torch beam over the walls 用电筒照墙的那 一边* The firemen played their hoses on the burning building. 消防队员用水龙喷射燃烧著的建筑 物. * They played the searchlights along the road. 他们用探照灯照射那条路. (c) [I] (of fountains, etc) produce a steady stream of water （指喷泉等）持续喷水. 14 [Tn] allow (a fish) to exhaust itself by pulling against the line 让（鱼）拉钓线使之疲乏. 15 (idm 习语) what sb is playing at (usu expressing anger, irritation, etc 通常用以表示愤怒、烦躁等) what sb is doing 某人在搞什麽名堂: I don't know `what he thinks he's `playing at. 我不知道他在搞什麽名堂. (For other idioms containing play, see entries for ns, adjs, etc 与play 搭配的其他习语见有关名词、形容词等的词条, 如play fair => fair2; play the game => game1.) 16 (phr v) play a`bout/a`round (with sb/sth) act or handle sb/sth in a casual irresponsible way 玩弄某人; 摆弄或乱弄某物: Stop playing around and get on with the job. 别胡闹了, 接著做工作吧. * You shouldn't play around with (ie flirt with) another woman's husband. 你不应该和人家的丈夫厮混. * Don't play about with my expensive tools! 别乱 摆弄我的昂贵的工具! play along (with sb/sth) pretend to co-operate 假装与某人合作; 假意参与某事: (infml 口) She was in charge, so I had to play along with her odd ideas. 她是负责人, 对她的怪念头我只好假意听从. play at sth/being sth do sth only casually, without true interest 应付事; 敷衍地做: He's only playing at his job in the city: he's much more interested in being a racing driver. 他对城里的工作只是敷衍而已, 一心想的是当 赛车手. play sth back (to sb) allow the material recorded on a tape, etc to be heard or seen 播放（已录制的录音带、录像带等）: I rewound the cassette and played her voice back to her. 我把录音带转回去, 把她的声音放给她听. play sth down try to make sth appear less important than it is 欲使某事物显得没有实际上那麽重要: The government are trying to play down their involvement in the affair. 政府极力淡化与该事的瓜葛. play sb in, out, etc play music as sb enters, leaves, etc (a place) 奏乐欢迎或欢送某人: The band played the performers onto the stage. 乐队奏乐欢迎演员登台. play oneself `in play slowly and cautiously at the beginning of a game （比赛开始时）缓慢而谨慎地进行. play (sth) off ( of two teams, etc that have the same number of points, have drawn in an earlier match, etc) play the deciding match （两队得分相同或打成平局等时）作决赛: The match between the joint leaders will be played off tomorrow. 两优胜队明天决赛. play A off against B cause two people or groups to oppose each other, esp for one's own advantage 挑拨离间（尤指为渔利）: She played her two rivals off against each other and got the job herself. 她挑拨两个对手相争, 自己却获得了那份 工作. play on ( sport 体) continue to play; start playing again 继续比赛; 恢复比赛: Some of the players claimed a penalty but the referee told them to play on. 有些队员认为应当判罚, 但裁判让他们继续 比赛. play on sth rouse (sb's feelings, etc) for one's own purposes （为达到个人目的）激起（某人情 感等）: They played on his fears of losing his job to get him to do what they wanted. 他们利用他怕失 掉工作的心理, 让他做他们想做的事. * Her speech played heavily on the angry mood of her audience. 她用演说激起听众的极大愤怒. play sth out perform or enact sth, esp in real life 演出或现出某事物（尤指在现实生活中）: Their love affair was played out against the background of a country at war. 他们恋爱那时国家正进行著战争. play (sb) up ( infml 口) cause (sb) problems, pain or difficulties 给（某人）带来麻烦、痛苦或困 难: My injured shoulder is playing (me) up today. 我受伤的肩膀今天很疼. * schoolchildren playing up their teacher, eg by being noisy 给老师惹麻烦的小学生（如很吵闹）. play sth up 　?btry to make sth appear more important than it is 欲使某事物显得比实际重要: She played up her past achievementsjust to impress us. 她夸耀过去的成绩就是为了让我们觉得她了不起. play up to sb (infml 口) flatter sb in order to win favour 讨好或奉承某人. play with oneself ( euph 婉) masturbate 手淫. play with sb/sth = play about/around (with sb/sth). play with sth consider (an idea, etc) lightly; toy with sth 不认真地考虑（一主意等）; 轻率对待某事物: She's playing with the idea of starting her own business. 她胡乱想著自己开业的事. play-back n. [C, U] (device for) playing back recorded sound or pictures, eg on a video recorder 播 放（录音或录像的装置）（如录像机的）. played out adj. (infml 口) exhausted; finished; no longer useful 衰竭; 结束; 失去作用: After a hard gallop, the horse was played out. 那马跑得精疲力竭. * Is this theory played out (ie no longer worth considering)? 这理论过时了吗? play-off n. match between two players or teams that are level, to decide the winner （两队或队员打 成平局后的）决胜比赛, 延长赛, 加赛. player / 5pleIE(r); `pleL/ n 1 person who plays a game 游戏者; 选手; 运动员: a game for four players 四人玩的游戏* She's an excellent `tennis player. 她是优秀的网球选手. * Two players were injured during the match. 有两名运动员在比赛中受伤. 2 actor 演员. 3 person who plays a musical instrument 演奏者: a `trumpet player 吹奏小号的人. 4 = record-player (record1). player-piano n. piano fitted with a mechanism that allows it to be played automatically 自动钢琴 （有自动演奏装置的）. playful / 5pleIfl; `plefEl/ adj 1 fond of playing; full of fun 爱玩的; 爱游戏的; 有趣的: as playful as a kitten 像小猫一样顽皮* a playful mood 快活的心情. 2 done in fun; not serious 闹著玩的; 取乐的: a playful slap on the hand 闹著玩打一下手* playful remarks 开玩笑的话. playfully / -fElI; -flI/ adv. playfulness n. [U]. playing-card / 5pleIIN kB:d; `pleIN9kBrd/ (also card) n any of a set of 52 oblong cards, used for various games (eg bridge, canasta, poker) 纸牌; 扑克牌: a pack of playing-cards 一副纸牌. playing-field / 5pleIIN fi:ld; `pleIN9fild/ n (sport 体) (a) field with special markings, used for cricket, football, hockey, etc （板球、足球、曲棍球等的）球场, 操场, 运动场. (b) = playground (play1). plaza / 5plB:zE; ?@ 5plAzE; `plAzE/ n 1 open square or market-place (esp in a Spanish town) 广场, 集市（尤指西班牙城镇中的）. 2 (esp US) shopping centre 购物中心. PLC (also plc) / 9pi: el 5si:; 9pi Zl `si/ abbr 缩写= (Brit) Public Limited (ie limited liability) Company 股份公开有限公司: Lloyd's Bank PLC 劳埃德银行（亦译劳合银行）. Cf 参看 Inc, Ltd. plea / pli:; pli/ n 1 (fml 文) ~ (for sth) earnest request; appeal 恳求; 请求: a plea for forgiveness, money, more time 恳求原谅、给予金钱、多给些时间* He was deaf to (ie refused to listen to) her pleas. 他对她的请求充耳不闻. 2 (law 律) statement made by or for a person charged with an offence in court （法庭中被告一方的）抗辩, 答辩, 辩护: enter a plea of guilty/not guilty 承认有 罪[不承认有罪]. 3 (idm 习语) on the plea of sth/that... (fml 文) giving sth as the reason or excuse for not doing sth or for having done sth wrong （为未做某事或做错某事而作的）辩解, 托词, 藉口: withdraw on the plea of ill health 藉口健康不佳而退出* He refused to contribute, on the plea that he couldn't afford it. 他藉口无能为力拒不捐献. pleach / pli:tF; plitF/ v [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] make or repair (a hedge) by weaving branches together 用枝条编筑或修理（篱笆）: pleached hedges 用枝条编的篱笆. plead / pli:d; plid/ v (pt, pp pleaded; US pled / pled; plZd/) 1 [Ipr, It] ~ (with sb) (for sth) make repeated urgent requests (to sb) (for sth) 再三恳求或请求（某人）（做某事）: plead for mercy 祈求 发慈悲* He pleaded with his parents for a more understanding attitude. 他求父母多加谅解. * She pleaded with him not to leave her alone. 她恳求他不要留下她一个人. * The boy pleaded to be allowed to ride on the tractor. 那男孩请求让他坐坐拖拉机. 2 [Tn] offer (sth) as an explanation or excuse, esp for failing to do sth or for doing sth wrong 提出（理由或藉口）（尤指因未做某事或做 错某事）: They asked him to pay for the damage but he pleaded poverty. 他们要他付损害赔偿金, 但 他藉口贫穷而不偿还. * He apologized for not coming to the party, pleading pressure of work. 他为 不能到会而道歉, 推说是工作太忙. * Pleading ignorance of the law won't help you if you are caught. 假若因犯法被抓住, 藉口不知是犯法亦无济于事. 3 [Ipr] ~ for/against sb (law 律) (of a lawyer) speak to a lawcourt (on behalf of the plaintiff/defendant) （指律师）（在法庭上为原告[被告]）提出 申诉、答辩或辩护. 4 [Tn] (law 律) present (a case) to a court of law 向法庭陈述（案情）: They employed the best lawyer they could get to plead their case. 他们聘请了能请到的最好的律师为他 们陈述案情. 5 [Tn] (law 律) put (sth) forward as the basis of a case in a court of law (on behalf of sb) （代表某人）向法庭提出（某事）（作为案件的基础）: Counsel for the accused said that he intended to plead insanity, ie that his client was insane and therefore not responsible for his actions. 被告的律师说他想提出案发时被告精神失常这一理由, 为被告不需负法律责任进行辩护. * plead guilty/not guilty, ie declare that one is guilty/not guilty of the crime one has been accused of 承 认有罪[不承认有罪]. 6 [Ipr, Tn] ~ (for) sth argue in support of sth; support (a cause) by argument 极力主张; 以辩论支持（某事业）: plead the cause of politicalprisoners 声援政治犯的事业 * plead for the modernizationof the city's public transport 力主城市公共交通现代化. pleadingly adv in a begging or an imploring manner 恳求地; 乞求地. pleadings n. [pl] (law 律) formal (usu written) statements, replies to accusations, etc made by each side in a legal action （原告的）诉状; （被告的）答辩状. pleasant / 5pleznt; `plZznt/ adj (-er, -est) (a) ~ (to sth) giving pleasure to the mind, feelings or senses; enjoyable 使人愉快的; 合意的; 可喜的: a pleasant surprise, smell, wine 惊喜、令人舒服的气味、 可口的葡萄酒* a pleasant breeze, temperature, climate 宜人的微风、温度、气候 * pleasant to the taste 可口的. (b) ~ (to sb) polite and friendly 礼貌而友好的: a pleasant smile, voice, manner 友 好的微笑、声音、举止* make oneself pleasant to visitors 亲切和蔼地待客* What a pleasant girl! 多麽讨人喜欢的姑娘啊! * Do try to be more pleasant! 尽量亲切友好一些! pleasantly adv: smile pleasantly 亲切地微笑* We were pleasantly surprised at the profit we made. 我们获得 了利润而惊喜交加. pleasantness n. [U]. pleasantry / 5plezntrI; `plZzntrI/ n (fml 文) (a) humorous remark; joke 幽默的话; 笑话: The children smiled politely at the visitor's pleasantries. 孩子听了客人说的幽默话, 都斯文地笑了. (b) polite remarks 有礼貌的话; 客气话: After an exchange of pleasantries, the leaders started their negotiations. 领导人互相寒暄一番, 然后开始谈判. please / pli:z; pliz/ v 1 [Tn] be agreeable to (sb); make (sb) happy 使（某人）满意或愉快: It's difficult to please everybody. 很难做到人人满意. * Our main aim is to please the customers. 我们的 目的是让顾客满意. * He's a very hard/difficult man to please. 他是个很难让人讨好的人. * I shall have nothing to do on holiday but please myself, ie do as I like. 我在假日只图快乐, 别的什麽事都 不做. 2 [I] (in subordinate clauses beginning with as or what 用于以as 或what 开头的从句中) (fml 文) (a) think desirable or appropriate; choose 认为满意或合适; 愿意: You may stay as long as you please. 你爱呆多久就呆多久. * Take as many as you please. 你要拿多少就拿多少. (b) want; like 想要; 喜欢: That child behaves just as he pleases. 那孩子想干什麽就干什麽. * I shall do as I please. 我喜欢怎麽做就怎麽做. * Do what you please. 你想做什麽都行. 3 (idm 习语) ,if you `please (a) (fml 文) (used when making a polite request 用于客气的请求): Come this way, if you please. 请您 这边走. (b) (used to express annoyance or outrage when reporting sth 用于转述某事时表示恼怒或 愤恨): And now, if you please, I've been told I'm to get nothing for my work! 嘿, 真岂有此理, 听说 我是白干工作毫无报酬! * He says the food isn't hot enough, if you please! 他竟然说吃的东西不够 热, 你听听这话! ,please `God may God let it happen; if it is pleasing to God 但愿上帝让它实现; 若天意如愿: Please God, things will start to improve soon. 但愿事情很快开始好转. * She'll get better one day, please God. 她总有一天会好起来的, 愿上帝开恩. ,please your`self (ironic 反语) do as you like; I don't care what you do 请便; 我才不在乎你做什麽呢: `I don't want to come with you today. ' `Oh, please yourself then!' ｀我今天不想和你一起去.＇｀哦, 请便吧!＇ please interj 1 (a) (used as a polite way of making a request or giving an order 用于客气的请求或吩咐): Please come in. 请进. * Come in, please. 请进. * Two cups of tea, please. 请来两杯茶. * Tickets, please! 请把票拿出来! * Would you go now, please! 请您现在走吧! (b) (used to add emphasis or urgency to a request or statement 用以加强请求或陈述的语气或迫切性): Please don't leave me here alone! 请别把我一个人留在这里! * Please, please, don't be late! 可千万别迟到! * Please, I don't understand what I have to do! 真是的, 我不明白该做什麽好! 2 (infml 口) (used when accepting an offer emphatically 在接受别人好意时用以加强语气) yes, please 那太好了: `Shall I help you carry that load?' `Please!' ｀我帮你拿那个重东西好吗?＇｀那太好了!＇ 3 (idm 习语) yes, please (used as a polite way of accepting the offer of sth 用作接受好意时的客气话) I accept and am grateful 我接受并且感谢: `Would you like some coffee?' `Yes, please. ' ｀你要点咖啡吗?＇｀好的, 谢谢.＇ * `Would you like a lift into town?' `Yes, please. ' ｀你愿意顺便坐我的汽车去伦敦吗?＇｀ 好哇, 谢谢你. pleased adj. 1 ~ (with sb/sth) feeling or showing satisfaction or pleasure (with sb/sth) （对某人[某 事物]）欣喜的, 满意的, 高兴的, 愉快的: Your mother will be very pleased with you. 你母亲将对 你十分满意. * They were all very pleased with the news. 他们听到那消息都很高兴. * Are you pleased with the new flat? 你对这套新公寓满意吗? * He looks rather pleased with himself, ie pleased with what he has done. 他看起来对自己做的事颇为得意. 2 ~ to do sth happy to do sth 乐 意做某事: I was very pleased to be able to help. 我能够帮上忙感到很高兴. * We were pleased to hear the news. 我们听到那消息非常高兴. * (fml 文) The Governor is pleased to accept the invitation. 总督欣然接受邀请. 3 (idm 习语) (as) ,pleased as `Punch very pleased 非常快乐. pleasing adj. ~ (to sb/sth) giving pleasure (to sb/sth); pleasant 使人愉快的; 合意的; 可爱的: a pleasing colour scheme, singing voice 协调的颜色、悦耳的歌喉* The news was very pleasing to us. 那消息使我们非常愉快. * sounds that are pleasing to the ear 悦耳的声音. pleasingly adv: everything pleasingly arranged for the guests 为客人安排得称心如意的一切. pleasure / 5pleVE(r); `plZVL/ n 1 (a) [U] state or feeling of being happy or satisfied 愉快; 快乐; 高兴; 满足: a work of art that has given pleasure to millions of people 给上百万人带来乐趣的艺术 品* It gives me great pleasure to welcome our speaker. 我很高兴去迎接我们的演讲人. * Has she gone to Paris on business or for pleasure (ie for work or for fun)? 她到巴黎是办公事还是游玩去了? (b) [C] thing that gives happiness or satisfaction 乐事; 快事: the pleasures of living in the country 乡 居的乐趣* She has few pleasures left in life. 她生活中已没有什麽乐趣了. * It's been a pleasure meeting you. 认识你是十分高兴的事. * `Thank you for doing that!' `It's a pleasure. ' ｀多谢你做了 那件事!＇｀不客气.＇* Remembering the past was his only pleasure. 他唯一的乐趣是回忆往事. 2 [U] sensual enjoyment 感官的享受; 声色之乐; 肉体之乐（常指肉欲）: His life is spent in the pursuit of pleasure. 他一生都在寻欢作乐. 3 [U] (fml 文) what a person wants; desire 意愿; 愿望: We await your pleasure. 我们听您的意思. * You are free to come and go at your pleasure, ie as you wish. 来去自由, 悉听尊便. * Is it your pleasure that I cancel the arrangements? 您的意思是否要我 取消这些安排? 4 (idm 习语) have the pleasure of sth/doing sth (used to make polite requests, issue invitations, etc 用于客气的请求、邀请等): May I have the pleasure of this dance? 我可以邀请您跳 这个舞吗? * (fml or joc 文或谑) Are we to have the pleasure of seeing you again? 我们是不是有福 气再见到你? take (no/great) pleasure in sth/doing sth enjoy/not enjoy (doing) sth 以[不以]（做）某 事为乐; 喜欢[不喜欢]（做）某事: She seemed to take pleasure in our suffering. 她似乎对我们的痛 苦幸灾乐祸. * They take great pleasure in reminding us of our poverty. 他们特别喜欢向我们提到我 们穷. * She took no pleasure in her work. 她觉得自己的工作毫无乐趣.with `pleasure one is pleased to accept, agree, etc 愉快地接受、同意等: `Will you join us?' `Thank you, with pleasure.' ｀你愿意 和我们在一起吗?＇｀谢谢, 非常愿意.＇ * `May I borrow your car?' `Yes, with pleasure. ' ｀我可 以借用你的汽车吗?＇｀可以, 很愿意借给你.＇ pleasurable / 5pleVErEbl; `plZVErEbl/ adj givingpleasure; enjoyable 令人愉快的; 使人快乐的: a pleasurablesensation 快感* pleasurable companionship 令人愉快的友谊. pleasurably / -EblI; -EblI/ adv. pleasure-boat n. boat used for pleasure only 游艇. pleasure-craft n. (pl unchanged 复数不变) boat used for pleasure only 游艇: Fishing boats and pleasure-craft followed the great liner into the harbour. 渔船和游艇跟随著大型班轮进入了港口. pleasure-ground n. area used for public amusement or recreation 游乐场; 娱乐场. pleasure-seeking adj. devoted to pleasure(2) 寻欢作乐的. pleat / pli:t; plit/ n pressed or stitched fold made in a piece of cloth （布料上压的或缝的）褶: a shirt with pleats in the front 前面有褶的衬衫. pleat v. [Tn] make pleats in (sth) 在（某物）上打褶: pleat a skirt 在裙子上打褶* pleated curtains 有褶的帘. pleb / pleb; plZb/ n (infml derog 口, 贬) 1 [C] = plebeian. 2 the plebs [pl] the masses 群众; 百 姓. plebeian / plI5bi:En; plI`biEn/ adj 1 (fml or derog 文或贬) of the lower social classes 下层社会的; 平民的: of plebeian origins 平民出身的. 2 (derog 贬) lacking refinement; vulgar 平庸的; 粗俗的: plebeian tastes 庸俗的趣味. plebeian (also pleb) n. (derog 贬) person belonging to the lower social classes (esp in ancient Rome) 下层人; （尤指古罗马时的）平民, 庶民. Cf 参看 patrician. plebiscite / 5plebIsIt; ?@ -saIt; `plZbE9saIt/ n (politics 政) (decision made by a) direct vote by all qualified citizens on an important political matter 公民投票（的表决）: A plebiscite was held to decide the fate of the country. 举行了公民投票以决定国家的命运. * The question of which state the minority group should belong to was decided by (a) plebiscite. 该少数民族应归属哪一州的问题已 由公民投票表决. Cf 参看 referendum. plectrum / 5plektrEm; `plZktrEm/ n (pl -tra / -trE; -trE/) (music 音) small piece of metal, wood, plastic or bone that is attached to the finger and used for plucking the strings of certain musical instruments, eg the guitar, mandolin, etc （戴在手指上弹奏弦乐器用的）拨子, 琴拨. pled pt, pp of plead. pledge / pledV; plZdV/ n 1 solemn promise; vow 誓言; 誓约; 保证: give a pledge never to reveal the secret 保证决不泄密. 2 (a) thing left with a person to be kept until the giver has done sth promised, eg paid a debt 保证物（如为还债的）. (b) article left with a pawnbroker in exchange for sth, esp money 典当物. 3 thing given to sb as a sign of friendship, love, etc （表示友情、爱情等的） 信物, 象徵物: gifts exchanged as a pledge of friendship 交换的象徵友谊的礼物. 4 (idm 习语) in/out of pledge left with sb until the giver has paid a debt, etc/no longer left on these conditions 在抵 押中[已不在抵押中]: put/hold sth in pledge 以[收下]某物作抵押* take sth out of pledge 赎回抵 押的某物. sign/take the `pledge (esp joc 尤作戏谑语) make a solemn promise never to drink alcohol 发誓戒酒. under pledge of sth in the state of having agreed to or promised sth 在誓约或承诺某事的 约束下: You are under pledge of secrecy. 你已发过誓要保密. pledge v. 1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.n, Dn.t] ~ sth (to sb/sth) (fml 文) promise solemnly to give (support,etc); give (one's word, honour, etc) as a pledge 保证给予（支持等）; 以（誓言、名誉等） 作担保: pledge allegiance(ie loyalty) to the king 发誓效忠国王* pledge a donation (to a charity) 承 诺（向慈善机构）捐献* be pledged to secrecy/to keeping a secret 誓守秘密. (b)[Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.t] ~ sb/oneself (to sth/to do sth) promise solemnly that sb/one will do sth or support a cause, etc 保证某人 [自己]做某事或支持某事业等: The Government has pledged itself to send aid to the famine victims. 政府已承诺赈济饥民. 2 [Tn] leave (sth) with sb as a pledge (2b) 典当（某物）: He's pledged (ie pawned) his mother's wedding ring. 他把母亲的结婚戒指典当了. 3 [Tn] (fml 文) drink to the health of (sb); toast (sb) 为（某人）的健康祝酒; 向（某人）祝酒: pledge the bride and bridegroom 向新娘和新郎祝酒. Pleistocene / 5plaIstEsi:n; `plaIstE9sin/ adj (geology 地质) of the epoch in the earth's history that started about a million years ago and lasted for about 800000 years, when glaciers covered most of the northern hemisphere 更新世的. the Pleistocene n. the Pleistocene epoch 更新世. plenary / 5pli:nErI; `plinErI/ adj 1 (of meetings, etc) attended by all who have the right to attend （指 会议等）全体出席的: a plenary session of the assembly 大会的全体会议. 2 (of powers, authority, etc) without limits; absolute （指权力、权威等）无限的, 绝对的, 全权的: assume plenary authority 掌握绝对权威. plenipotentiary / 9plenIpE5tenFErI; 9plZnEpE`tZnFErI/ n person (esp an ambassador) with full powers to act on behalf of his government (esp in a foreign country) （代表政府的）全权代表（尤 指在外国）; （尤指）全权大使. plenipotentiary adj. of or like a plenipotentiary （似）全权代表的, 全权大使的: The minister was given plenipotentiary powers in the trade negotiations. 该部长获有全权进行贸易谈判. plenteous / 5plentIEs; `plZntIEs/ adj (fml 文) plentiful 大量的; 丰富的. plenteously adv. plentiful / 5plentIfl; `plZntIfEl/ adj in large quantities ornumbers; abundant 大量的; 丰富的: find plentiful supplies of fresh fruit and vegetables 得到大量新鲜水果和蔬菜的供应 * Eggs are plentiful at the moment. 现在鸡蛋很多. Cf 参看 scarce. plentifully / -fElI; -flI/ adv: The visitors were plentifully supplied with food and drink. 给来宾准备 了丰富的食物和饮料. plenty / 5plentI; `plZntI/ pron 1 number or amount that is sufficient for sb or more than sb needs 充 裕; 大量: plenty of eggs, money, time 很多的鸡蛋、金钱、时间* `Do you need more milk?' `No thanks, there's plenty in the fridge. ' ｀你还要牛奶吗?＇｀不要, 谢谢. 冰箱里还有很多呢.＇ * `Have we got enough plates?' `Yes, there are plenty in the cupboard. ' ｀咱们的盘子够用吗?＇｀够, 碗橱里有很多.＇ * They always gave us plenty to eat. 他们总是给我们很多东西吃. 2 (idm 习语) days, years, etc of `plenty (fml or rhet 文或修辞) time when very many necessities, esp food and money, are available 富裕（尤指食物和钱）的日子、年月: looking back on the years of plenty 回 顾富足的年月. in `plenty (fml 文) in a large quantity; in abundance 大量; 丰富; 充裕: food and drink in plenty 大量的食物和饮料. > plenty adv 1 (used with more to indicate an excess 与more 连用表示超过的量): We've got plenty more (of it/them) in the shop. 我们店里还有很多（那种货物）. * There's plenty more paper if you need it. 你需要纸的话, 有的是. 2 (infml 口) (used with big, long, tall, etc followed by enough 与big long tall 等连用, 后接enough): The rope was plenty long enough to reach the ground. 绳子长可及地. pleonasm / 5plIEnzEm; `pliE9nAzEm/ n (a) [U] use of more words than are necessary to express the meaning 冗笔, 赘述（的运用）. (b) [C] instance of this 冗笔; 赘述: `Hear with one's ears' and `divide into four quarters' are pleonasms. ｀用耳朵听＇和｀分成四个四分之一＇是赘述. Cf 参看 tautology. pleonastic / 9plIE5nstIk;9pliE`nAstIk/ adj. plethora / 5pleWErE; `plZWErE/ n [sing] (fml 文) quantity greater than what is needed; over-abundance 过量; 过剩: The report contained a plethora of detail. 报告中细节过多. pleurisy / 5plUErEsI; `plJrEsI/ n [U] (medical 医) serious illness, with inflammation of the delicate membrane of the thorax and the lungs, causing severe pain in the chest or sides 胸膜炎. plexus / 5pleksEs; `plZksEs/ n (pl unchanged or ~es 复数或不变或作 plexuses) (anatomy 解) network of fibres or vessels in the body （纤维或血管的）丛: the solar plexus, ie the network of nerves in the abdomen 太阳神经丛（腹腔丛）. pliable / 5plaIEbl; `plaIEbl/ adj 1 easily bent, shaped or twisted; flexible 易弯的; 可塑的; 可扭曲 的; 柔韧的: Cane is pliable when wet. 藤条潮湿时易弯曲. 2 (of a person or a person's mind) easily influenced （指人或思想）易受影响的: the pliable minds of children 儿童容易受影响的头 脑. pliability / 9plaIE5bIlEtI; 9plaIE`bIlEtI/ n [U]. pliant / 5plaIEnt; `plaIEnt/ adj 1 bending easily; supple 易弯的; 柔韧的: the pliant branches of young trees 小树柔软的枝条. 2 adapting easily; yielding 易适应的; 顺从的. pliancy / 5plaIEnsI; `plaIEnsI/ n [U]. pliantly adv. pliers / 5plaIEz; `plaILz/ n [pl] tool with long jaws which have flat surfaces that can be brought together for holding, bending, twisting or cutting wire, etc 钳子; 老虎钳: a pair of pliers 一把钳子. plight / plaIt; plaIt/ n [sing] serious and difficult situation or condition 严重和困难的境况; 困境; 苦 境: the plight of the homeless 无家可归的人的苦境* The crew were in a sorry plight by the time they reached shore. 船员们抵达岸边时境况已十分悲惨. * I was in a dreadful plight I had lost my money and missed the last train home. 我身陷困境--钱丢了, 又没赶上回家的末班火车. plight / plaIt; plaIt/ v (idm 习语) plight one's `troth (arch 古) make a promise to marry sb 订婚. plimsoll / 5plImsEl; `plImsl/ (also pump) n (Brit) (US sneaker) rubber-soled canvas sports shoe; gym-shoe 橡皮底帆布鞋: a pair of plimsolls 一双体操鞋. Plimsoll line / 5plImsEl laIn; `plImsEl 9laIn/ (also `Plimsoll mark / mB:k; 9mBrk/) line marked on a ship's side to show how far it may legally go down in the water when loaded （船的）载货吃水线. plinth / plInW; plInW/ n square block or slab on which a column or statue stands （柱或雕像的）底 座, 基底. =>illus at column 见column 插图. Pliocene / 5plaIEUsi:n; `plaIo9sin/ adj (geology 地质) of the last epoch of the Tertiary period in the earth's history (when many modern mammals appeared) 上新世的. the Pliocene n. the Pliocene epoch 上新世. plod / plCd; plBd/ v (-dd-) 1 [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (along/on) walk with heavy steps or with difficulty; trudge 迈著沉重的脚步行走; 艰难地行走: Labourers plodded home through the muddy fields. 工人们穿 过泥泞的田地吃力地走回家去. * (fig 比喻) We plodded on through the rain for several hours. 我们 在雨中跋涉了几小时. =>Usage at stump 用法见stump. 2 (phr v) plod along move slowly (at some task) 缓慢地进行（某工作）: `How's the book?' `Oh, I'm plodding along. ' ｀那本书怎麽样?＇｀哦, 我正在磨蹭呢.＇ plod away (at sth) work steadily but slowly (and with difficulty) 持续而缓慢地（并 艰难地）工作: He plodded away all night at the accounts but didn't finish them in time. 他彻夜不眠 地清理帐目, 却未能按时完成. plodder n. (usu derog 通常作贬义) person who works slowly and with determination, but without inspiration 不动脑筋慢慢苦干的人. plodding adj. ploddingly adv. plonk / plCNk; plBNk/ (also plunk / plQNk; plQNk/) n (usu sing 通常作单数) (infml 口) sound (as) of sth dropping heavily （似）物体沉重坠落的声音; 砰的一声: to hear a plonk 听到砰的一声. plonk adv (infml 口) with a plonk 砰的一声: The lamp fell plonk on the table. 台灯砰的一声倒在桌上了. plonk v. (phr v) plonk sth down; plonk sth (down) on sth (infml 口) drop sth or put sth down heavily or with a plonking sound 扔下某物; 重重放下某物（并发出砰的声音）: He plonked the groceries on the kitchen floor. 他把买的食物杂货砰的一声扔到厨房的地板上了. * (fig 比喻) We plonked ourselves (down) by the fire. 我们猛地一下子坐在了炉火旁. plonk / plCNk; plBNk/ n [U] (infml 口esp Brit) cheap wine of poor quality （劣质的）便宜的酒. plop / plCp; plBp/ n (usu sing 通常作单数) sound (as) of a smooth object dropping into water without making a splash （光滑物体落入水中而不溅泼的）落水声, 扑通声: He dropped a pebble from the bridge and waited for the plop. 他从桥上扔下一颗卵石, 然后等著听那扑通的一声. plop adv with a plop 扑通一声: The stone fell plop into the water. 那石头扑通一声落入水中. plop v. (-pp-) 1 [I] make a plop 发出落水声; 发出扑通声: Did you hear it plop? 你听到它落入 水中的声音了吗? 2 [Ipr, Ip] fall with a plop 扑通一声落下: The jelly plopped into the dish. 果冻 噗的一声落到碟里. * The fish plopped back into the river. 那鱼扑通一声跃回河中. plosive / 5plEUsIv; `plosIv/ n, adj (phonetics 语音) (consonant sound) made by closing the air passage and then audibly releasing the air, eg /t/ and /p/ in top 爆破音（的）（如 top 中的 /t/ 和 /p/）. plot / plCt; plBt/ n small marked or measured piece of land, esp for a special purpose （有标记的或测 量出的）小块土地（尤指有某用途的）: a building plot 一块建筑用地* a vegetable plot 一块菜 地* a small plot of land 一小块地皮. plot v. (-tt-) 1 [Tn] (a) make a plan or map of (sth) 绘制（某事物）的图: plot an escape route 画 出逃跑路线. (b) mark (sth) on a chart or diagram （在图表上）标绘（某物）: plot the ship's course 标绘该船的航线. (c) make(a curve, etc) by connecting points on a graph （在图上连接标定的点） 绘制（曲线等）: plot a temperature curve 绘制温度曲线图. 2 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (out) divide sth into plots 将（某大片土地）分成小块. plot / plCt; plBt/ n 1 (plan or outline of the) events in the story of a play or novel （戏剧或小说的） 故事情节（的构思或布局）: a neatly worked-out plot 丝丝入扣的故事情节* The plot was too complicated for me I couldn't follow it. 我觉得情节太复杂--我看不明白. 2 secret plan made by several people to do sth; conspiracy （几人的）密谋, 阴谋: a plot to overthrow the government 推翻 政府的阴谋* The plot was discovered in time. 那阴谋已被及时揭露. 3 (idm 习语) hatch a plot => hatch. the plot `thickens (catchphrase 警语) a situation in real life, or the plot of a work of fiction, is suddenly more complicated or intriguing 现实生活中的情况或小说中的情节, 突然复杂起来或 更引人注意了. plot v. (-tt-) (a) [I, Ipr, Ip, It] ~ (with sb) (against sb); ~ (together) make a secret plan (to do sth); take part in a plot 密谋（做某事）; 参与阴谋: plot with others against the State 伙同他人阴谋反对政府 * plot (together) to do sth （一起）密谋做某事. (b) [Tn] plan (sth) with others 与他人谋画（某事）: They were plotting the overthrow of the government. 他们正在策画推翻政府. plotter n person who plots; conspirator 密谋策画者; 搞阴谋的人. plough (US plow) / plaU; plaJ/ n 1 (a) [C] implement with a curved blade, used for digging furrows in the soil, esp before seeds are planted, pulled by animals or by a tractor . (b) (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) implement resembling this 似的工具: a `snow-plough, ie one for clearing snow from roads and railways 雪（清除路面或铁道积雪的）. 2 the Plough [sing] (also Charles's Wain) (Brit) (US also the Big Dipper) (astronomy 天) group of the seven brightest stars in the constellation of the Great Bear, visible only from the Northern hemisphere 北斗七星. 3 [U] land that has been ploughed 过的地; 耕地: 100 acres of plough 100 英亩耕地. 4 (idm 习语) under the `plough (of land) used for growing grain and not for pasture （指土地）用于种庄稼的（非牧用 的）. plough (US plow) v. 1 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) break up the surface of (land) with a plough 犁（地）; 耕（地）: plough a field 耕田* The meadow's been ploughed up. 那片草地已用翻过. 2 [I, Tn] (dated Brit sl 旧, 俚) (cause sb to) fail (an examination) （使某人）考（试）不及格: I ploughed my finals. 我期末考试不及格. * The examiners ploughed half the candidates. 主考人员刷掉了一半应 试者. 3 (idm 习语) plough a lonely `furrow work without help or support 孤独无援地工作. 4 (phr v) plough sth back (a) put (a crop or grass) back in the soil by ploughing in order to enrich the soil 将（作物或草）犁入土中作肥料. (b) (fig 比喻) re-invest (profits) in the business that produced them 将（利润）作为资本再投资于原企业中. plough into sth/sb crash violently into sth/sb 猛力撞某物[某 人]: The car went out of control and ploughed into the side of a bus. 那汽车失控拦腰撞上了一辆公 共汽车. plough (one's way) through sth (a) force a way through sth 费力穿过某处: plough one's way through the mud 在泥泞中艰难跋涉* The ship ploughed through the waves. 那轮船破浪前进. (b) make progress slowly or with difficulty through sth 缓慢或费力地在某方面取得进展: plough through legal text books, a pile of documents, mountains of work, etc 吃力地钻研法律教科书、缓 慢地阅读一堆文件、费力地处理堆积如山的工作. ploughman (US plowman) / -mEn; -mEn/ n (-men /-mEn; -mEn/) man who guides a plough(1a), esp one pulled by animals 把犁人（尤指用力畜拉的犁）. ,ploughman's `lunch (Brit) meal of bread, cheese and pickles, often served with beer in a pub 农夫午餐（有面包、乾酪、泡菜, 常有啤酒, 多 在小酒店中供应）. ploughshare (US plowshare) (also share) n. broad blade of a plough(1a) 犁铧; 铧. =>illus 见插图. plover / 5plQvE(r); `plQvL/ n any of various types of long-legged short-tailed land bird that live on marshy ground near the sea 行鸟（腿长、尾短, 栖于近海的沼泽地）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1 插图, page v. ploy / plRI; plRI/ n words or actions, eg in a game, intended to win an advantage over one's opponent （克敌制胜的）策略, 手法（如在比赛中的）: It was all a ploy to distract attention from his real aims. 那纯粹是障眼法, 用以分散人们对他真正意图的注意力. pluck / plQk; plQk/ v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (off/out) gather or remove sth by pulling; pick sth 拔 除或摘除某物; 采某物: pluck a rose from the garden 从花园里摘一朵玫瑰花 * pluck one's eyebrows, ie use tweezers to remove unwanted hairs 拔眉毛* pluck off the dead flowers 掐掉凋谢 的花* pluck out a grey hair 拔下一根灰白的头发. 2 [Tn] pull the feathers off (a goose, chicken, etc) in order to prepare it for cooking 拔去（鹅、鸡等）的毛（以备烹调）: Have the turkeys been plucked? 火鸡的毛都拔了吗? 3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (at sth) take hold of (sth) and pull it; snatch at (sth) 拉住或抓住（某物）: The child was plucking at her mother's skirt. 那孩子揪住母亲的裙子. * A stranger plucked at my sleeve as I was leaving. 我刚要离去, 一个陌生人拽我的袖子. 4 (US pick) [Tn] sound (the strings of a musical instrument) by pulling and releasing them 弹或拨（乐器的弦）: pluck the strings of a guitar 弹吉他的弦. 5 (idm 习语) pluck up `courage (to do sth) make an effort to be brave 鼓起勇气: I shall have to pluck up courage and speak to her about it. 我得鼓起勇气跟她 谈这件事. * He can't pluck up the courage to leave home. 他鼓不起离开家的勇气. pluck n. 1 [U] (infml 口) courage, esp in the face of a stronger opponent or of hardship; bravery 勇气, 胆量（尤指面对强敌或困难的）: She showed a lot of pluck in dealing with the intruders. 她 对付那些闯入的歹徒表现得十分勇敢. 2 [C usu sing 通常作单数] short sharp pull 快而猛的拉: feel a pluck at one's sleeve 觉得袖子被人猛拉了一下. 3 [U] heart, liver and lungs of an animal, as food （动物的）心, 肝, 肺（作食物者）. plucky adj. (-ier, -iest) having or showing pluck; brave 勇敢的; 有胆量的. pluckily adv. plug / plQg; plQ-/ n 1 (a) piece of metal, rubber or plastic that fits tightly into a hole (eg in a barrel, wash-basin, bath, etc) 塞子（如用以塞大桶、洗脸池、浴缸等的）: Pull (out) the plug and let the water drain away. 拔掉塞子, 把水放掉. * He put plugs in his ears because the noise was too loud. 因为太吵闹了, 他用耳塞堵住了耳朵. (b) (US) = stopper. 2 (a) device with metal pins that fit into holes in a socket to make an electrical connection 插头; 插塞: a three-/two-pin plug 三线[双线]插 头* Put the plug in the socket. 把插头插入插座里. * I'll have to change the plug on the hair drier. 我得更换吹风机的插头了. =>illus at socket 见socket 插图.(b) (infml 口) electric socket 插座. 3 = sparking plug (spark). 4 (infml 口) piece of favourable publicity in the media for a commercial product, eg a record or book （在传播媒介中插入宣传商品的）推销广告（如宣传唱片或书的）. 5 (a) cake or stick of pressed or twisted tobacco 板烟. (b) piece of this cut off for chewing 口嚼烟（切 成小块的板烟）. 6 (idm 习语) pull the plug on sb/sth => pull2. plug v. (-gg-) 1 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) fill (a hole) or stop up sth with a plug 用塞子堵（洞）: plug a leak in the barrel 用塞子堵住大桶的漏洞. 2 [Tn] (infml 口) mention (sth) favourably in the media, esp repeatedly （在传播媒介中）宣传（某事物）（尤指反覆地）: They've been plugging his new show on the radio. 他们一直在电台上宣传他的新节目. 3 [Tn] (infml 口esp US) shoot or hit (sb) 射 击或打（某人）. 4 (phr v) plug away (at sth) work hard and steadily (at sth) （对某事物）努力不 懈地干: She's been plugging away at her French lessons for months. 她已刻苦攻读法语数月. plug sth in connect (sth) to the electricity supply with a plug(2a) 用插头将（某物）与电源接通: Plug in the radio, please. 请把收音机的插头插上. * The recorder wasn't plugged in. 录音机的插头没插上. plug-hole n. (Brit) (US drain) hole into which a plug(1) fits, esp in a basin, sink or wash-basin 排水 孔（尤指洗脸池、洗物池等的）. plum / plQm; plQm/ n 1 (a) [C] soft round smooth-skinned fruit with sweet flesh and a flattish pointed stone 李子; 梅子. =>illus at fruit 见fruit 插图. (b) [C] (also `plum tree) tree on which this grows 李树; 梅树. 2 [U] dark reddish-purple colour 紫红色. 3 (infml 口) thing considered good or worth having, esp a well-paid job 好的事物; （尤指）报酬高的工作: She's got a plum of a job. 她 得到一份高薪的工作. * [attrib 作定语] a plum job 报酬高的工作. plum pudding rich boiled suet pudding with dried fruits and spices, traditionally eaten at Christmas 乾果布丁（圣诞 节传统食物）. plumage / 5plu:mIdV; `plumIdV/ n [U] feathers covering a bird's body 羽衣（鸟体的全部羽毛）: the brightly coloured plumage of tropical birds 热带鸟类色彩斑斓的羽毛. plumb / plQm; plQm/ n 1 piece of lead that is tied to a cord and used to find the depth of water or test whether a wall, etc is vertical 测深锤, 铅锤（悬挂于绳上的铅块, 用以测水深或墙等是否垂 直）. 2 (idm 习语) out of `plumb not vertical 不垂直的. plumb adv 1 exactly 恰恰; 正: plumb in the centre 在正中. 2 (US infml 口) quite; absolutely 十分; 完 全; 绝对: He's plumb crazy. 他真是疯了. plumb v. 1 [Tn] (a) test (sth) by using a plumb-line 用铅垂线测（某物）. (b) (fig 比喻) (try to) understand(sth) thoroughly 探索, 探究（某事物）: plumb the mysteries of the universe 探索宇宙的 奥秘. 2 (idm 习语) plumb the depths of sth reach the lowest point of sth 到达某事物的最低点: plumb the depths of despair 绝望已极* a film that really plumbs the depths of bad taste 趣味低级 得真正到了极点的一部影片. 3 (phr v) plumb sth in attach (eg a washing-machine) to water-pipes 将（如洗衣机）与水管接通: We've plumbed in the dishwasher. 我们已给洗碟机接上水管了. plumb-line n. line with a plumb(1) attached to one end 铅垂线. plumber / 5plQmE(r); `plQmL/ n person whose job is to fit and repair water-pipes, water-tanks, cisterns, etc in buildings 铅管工; 管子工; 水暖工. plumbing / 5plQmIN; `plQmIN/ n [U] 1 system of water-pipes, water-tanks, cisterns, etc in a building （建筑物的）管道装置: There is something wrong with the plumbing. 水管设备出毛病了. 2 work of a plumber 铅管工的工作: We employed a local man to do the plumbing. 我们雇了一个当 地人做管道装修工作. nom de plume / 9nCm dE 5plu:m; `nBmdE9plum/ n (pl noms de plume / 9nCm dE 5plu:m; nBmdE9plum/) (French 法) = pseudonym. plume / plu:m; plum/ n (a) feather, esp a large one used as a decoration 羽毛; （尤指作装饰用的）翎 子. (b) ornament of feathers or similar material, worn in the hair or on a hat or helmet 羽毛或类似羽 毛材料的饰物（装饰在头发上或帽上）: a plume of ostrich feathers 鸵鸟羽毛的装饰. (c) thing that rises into the air in the shape of a feather 貌似羽毛升空之物: a plume of smoke/steam 一缕烟[蒸 汽]. plume v. 1 [Tn] (of a bird) smooth (sth) with its beak; preen （指鸟）用喙整理（某物）: a bird pluming itself/its feathers/its wing 用喙整理自己[羽毛/翅膀]的鸟. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ oneself (on sth) congratulate or pride oneself (on sth) （为某事）自喜, 自豪. plumed adj having or decorated with a plume or plumes 有羽毛或翎子的; 用羽毛或翎子装饰的: a plumed hat 有羽毛装饰的帽子. plummet / 5plQmIt; `plQmIt/ n 1 (weight attached to a) plumb-line 测深锤; 铅锤; 铅垂线. weight attached to a fishing-line to keep the float upright （钓丝上的）铅坠, 坠子（用以使鱼漂竖 起）. plummet v. [I, Ipr, Ip] fall steeply or rapidly 大坡度或快速落下: House prices have plummeted in this area. 此地房价大跌. * Pieces of rock plummeted down the mountainside to the ground below. 岩石一块块顺著山的陡坡滚落到地面. plummy / 5plQmI; `plQmI/ adj (-mier, -miest) 1 (infml 口) desirable; good 合意的; 很好的: a plummy job 顺心的工作. 2 (esp derog 尤作贬义) (of a voice) affectedly upper-class; sounding as if one is speaking with sth (eg a plum) in one's mouth （指嗓音）拿腔拿调的, 像嘴里含著东西似的: a plummy accent/voice 拿腔捏调的口音[嗓音]. plump / plQmp; plQmp/ adj (a) (esp of an animal, a person, parts of the body) having a full rounded shape; fleshy （尤指动物、人、身体的局部）肥胖的, 丰满的: a plump baby, chicken, face 胖乎 乎的婴儿、肥肥的小鸡、圆圆的脸蛋* a baby with plump cheeks 双颊胖乎乎的婴儿. (b) (euph 婉) overweight; fat 过胖的: You're getting a bit plump you need to diet! 你有点发胖了--得节食了! =>Usage at fat1 用法见fat1. plump v. (phr v) plump (sth) out/up (cause sth to) become rounded （使某物）变圆, 变丰满: His cheeks are beginning to plump out/up. 他的脸颊胖起来了. * She plumped up the pillows. 她把枕头 弄得鼓鼓的. plumpness n. [U]. plump / plQmp; plQmp/ v (phr v) plump (oneself/sb/sth) down (cause sb/sth to) fall or drop suddenly and heavily （使某人[某物]）突然而重重地落下: plump down the heavy bags 把重袋子一下子放 下* plump (oneself) down in a chair 一屁股坐到椅子上. plump for sb/sth choose or vote for sb/sth with confidence 有信心地选择或选举某人[某事物]: The committee plumped for the most experienced candidate. 委员会很有把握地选择了那个最有经验的候选人. * The children plumped for a holiday by the sea. 孩子们特别想去海边度假. plump n. (usu sing 通常作单数) (sound made by a) sudden heavy fall 突然沉重的坠落（的声音）: The book landed with a plump on the floor. 那书砰的一声掉在地板上. plump adv with a plump 砰的一声: fall plump into the hole 砰的一声掉进洞里. plunder / 5plQndE(r); `plQndL/ v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (from sth) steal (goods) from a place, esp during a time of war or civil disorder; pillage 掠夺或抢劫某地的（货物）（尤指战时或内乱时）: The conquerors advanced, killing and plundering as they went. 征服者一路上杀人越货无所不为. * The invaders plundered food and valuables from coastal towns and villages. 侵略者在沿海城乡抢劫 食物和贵重物品. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (of sth) steal goods from (a place), esp during a time of war, etc 掠夺或抢劫（某地）的货物（尤指战时等）: plunder a palace of its treasures 劫掠宫殿财宝 * Tourists have plundered all the archaeological sites. 游客简直是洗劫了考古场地. Cf 参看 loot, pillage. plunder n. [U] 1 (action of) plundering 掠夺; 抢劫: be guilty of plunder 犯抢劫罪 * goods obtained by plunder 掠夺的财物. 2 goods that have been plundered 抢夺物; 赃物: They loaded the carts with plunder. 他们把掠夺来的东西装进大车里. plunderer / 5plQndErE(r); `plQndErL/ n person who plunders 掠夺者; 抢劫者. plunge / plQndV; plQndV/ v 1 [Ipr, Ip, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ (sth) into sth; ~ (sth) in (a) (cause sth to) fall into sth suddenly and with force （使某物）突然而猛力投入、穿入、进入等: plunge (one's hand) into cold water （把手）一下子伸进冷水中* They plunged in, ie dived intothe water. 他们跳进了 水中. * plunge a rod into a blockeddrain to clear it 用棍通下水道使之畅通. (b) (cause sth to) enter a specified state or condition （使某事物）进入或陷入某状态: The country (was) plunged into civil war after the death of the President. 总统死后全国陷入了内战. * The news plunged us into despair. 我 们听到那消息后就陷入了绝望. * events which plunged the world into war 把世界推入战争的事件 * Their extravagant life-style plunged them into debt. 他们生活方式奢侈, 背上了很多债. 2 (a) [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn.pr, Tn.p] (cause sb/sth to) move suddenly forwards and/or downwards （使某人[某物]）突 然前移或跌落: The horse plunged and she fell off. 马一个前失, 把她摔了下来. * Share prices plunged as a result of the gloomy economic forecast. 该项预测展望经济前景暗淡, 因而股票价格 大跌. * The car plunged over the cliff. 汽车冲下了悬崖. * The sudden jolt plunged her forward. 突 然颠了一下, 她向前打了个趔趄. (b) [I] (of a ship) move with the bows going violently up and down in the water （指船）剧烈颠簸. plunge n. 1 (a) [C esp sing 尤作单数] plunging movement, esp a steep fall （向前或向下的）冲, 投, 落; （尤指）骤降, 猛跌: a plunge into debt, chaos 背债、陷入混乱. (b) [C] act of diving or bathing in water 跳水; 游泳: a plunge into the sea from the rocks 从岩石上跳入海中 * a refreshing plunge in the lake 在湖中游泳焕发精神. 2 (idm 习语) take the `plunge take a bold decisive step, esp after thinking about it for some time 采取大胆果断措施（尤指曾经一番考虑）: They have finally decided to take the plunge and get married. 他们最后毅然决定结婚. plunger n. 1 part of a mechanism that moves up and down 柱塞; 活塞. 2 (in plumbing) rubber cup fixed on a handle, used for clearing a blocked pipe by means of suction （疏通管道的）搋子. plunk = plonk1. pluperfect / 9plu:5p\:fIkt; 9plu`p[fIkt/ adj (also past perfect) (grammar) (of the form of the verb phrase) expressing an action completed before a particular pointin the past （指动词词组形式）过去完成式 的: a pluperfect(form of a) verb phrase 过去完成式动词词组. pluperfect n. (also past perfect) such a form (in English had and a past participle, as in `As he had not received my letter, he did not come') 过去完成式（在英语中had 加过去分词, 如此处例句中的 had 加received）. plural / 5plUErEl; `plJrEl/ n (grammar) form of a noun or verb which refers to more than one person or thing （名词的或动词的）复数, 复数形式: The plural of `child' is `children'. child 的复数形式是 children. * The verb should be in the plural, eg `have' in `they have'. 这个动词应用复数形式（如they have 中的have）. Cf 参看 singular 1. plural adj. (grammar) 1 of or having this form 复数的; 有复数形式的: Most plural nouns in English end in `s'. 英语的复数名词多以s 结尾. 2 of more than one 不止一个的: a plural society, ie one with more than one ethnic group 多元社会（由不止一个种族组成的）. pluralism / 5plUErElIzEm; `plJrElIzm/ n [U] 1 (a) existence in one society of a number of groups that belong to different races or have different political or religious beliefs 多元性（一社会中有不同 民族或有不同政治或宗教信仰的群体共同生活的状态）. (b) principle that these different groups can live together peacefully in one society 多元主义（一社会中多民族或有不同政治、宗教信仰 的人和平共处的原则）. 2 (usu derog 通常作贬义) holding of more than one office at one time, esp in the Church 兼任, 兼职（尤指神职）. pluralist / 5plUErElIst; `plJrElIst/ n supporter of pluralism (1b) 多元主义者. pluralist (also pluralistic) / 9plUErE5lIstIk; 9plJrE`lIstIk/ adj: a pluralist society 多元主义社会. plurality / plUE5rAlEtI; plJ`rAlEtI/ n 1 [U] (grammar) state of being plural 复数; 复数形式. 2 [C] large number 大量; 多数: a plurality of influences, interests 极大的影响、利益. 3 [C] (US politics 政) majority of less than 50%; relative majority （未超过半数的）多数; 相对多数. Cf 参 看majority 2. 4 (a) [U] = pluralism 2. (b) [C] office held jointly with another 兼任的职务. plus / plQs; plQs/ prep (a) with the addition of 加; 加上: Two plus five is seven. 二加五等于七. * The bill was 10, plus 1 for postage. 帐款是10 英镑, 再加上1 英镑邮费. (b) (infml 口) as well as 和: We've got to fit five people plus all their luggage in the car. 我们得在汽车里挤下五个人和全部行李. Cf 参看 minus. plus adj. 1 more than the amount or number indicated 比所示数量多的: The work will cost 10000plus. 那作品可值10000 英镑以上. 2 above zero; positive 零上的; 正的: 5 is a plus quantity. 5 是正数. * The temperature is plus four degrees. 温度零上四度. plus n. 1 the sign + 加号, 正号（+）: He seems to have mistaken a plus for a minus. 他似乎把正 号误作负号了.=>App 4 见附录4. 2 (infml 口) positive quality; advantage 正面因素; 好处: Her knowledge of French is a plus in her job. 她会法语, 这对她工作很有好处. Cf 参看 minus. plus-fours n. [pl] wide loose knickerbockers, worn esp by golfers : a pair of plus-fours 一条灯笼裤. plush / plQF; plQF/ n [U] type of silk or cotton cloth with a surface like velvet （丝或棉的）长毛绒. plush adj. 1 (also plushy) (infml 口) luxuriously smart 豪华的; 漂亮的: a plush hotel, restaurant, etc 豪华的旅馆、餐厅等. 2 made of plush 长毛绒的: plush curtains 长毛绒的帘子. plushy / 5plQFI; `plQFI/ adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) = plush 1. plushiness n. [U]. Pluto / 5plu:tEU; `pluto/ n (astronomy 天) the planet ninth in order and furthest from the sun 冥王星. plutocracy / plu:5tCkrEsI; plu`tBkrEsI/ n 1 (a) [U] government by a rich and powerful class 富豪统 治; 财阀统治. (b) [C] state governed in this way 富豪或财阀统治的国家. 2 [CGp] group or class of rich and powerful people; wealthy elite 富豪阶级; 财阀阶级. plutocrat / 5plu:tEkrAt; `plutE9krAt/ n (often derog 常作贬义) person who is powerful because of his wealth 有钱有势的人. plutocratic / 9plu:tE5krAtIk; 9plutE`krAtIk/ adj (a) of plutocracy 富豪或财阀统治的国家或阶级 的. (b) of or like a plutocrat （似）有钱有势的人的: plutocratic control of a media empire 财阀势力 对传播媒介的控制. plutonium / plu:5tEUnIEm; plu`tonIEm/ n [U] (chemistry 化) artificially produced radioactive metallic element, derived from uranium and used in nuclear reactors and nuclear weapons 金不. =>App 10 见附录10. ply / plaI; plaI/ n [U] (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) 1 layer of wood or thickness of cloth （木的）层; （布的）厚度: three-ply wood 三层胶合板. 2 strand of rope or yarn （绳或纱的） 股: three-/four-ply knitting wool 三[四]股毛线. plywood / 5plaIwUd; `plaI9wJd/ n [U] board(s) made by gluing thin layers of wood on top of each other 胶合板: sheets of plywood 一张一张的胶合板 * [attrib 作定语] plywood furniture 胶合板 家具. ply / plaI; plaI/ v (pt, pp plied / plaId; plaId/) 1 [Tn] (fml 文) use or wield (a tool or weapon) 使用 （工具或武器）: ply one's needle, ie work busily at one's sewing 忙于缝纫* ply the oars, ie row a boat 划桨. 2 [I, Ipr, Tn] (of ships, buses, etc) go regularly to and fro along (a course) （指船、公 共汽车等）沿（某路线）定时运行: ply the routes between the islands 定期在两岛间航行 * ferries that ply between England and France 往返英法间的渡轮* ships that ply (across) the South China Sea （经）南中国海的定期班轮. 3 (idm 习语) ply one's `trade work at a (skilled) job 从事某（熟 练）工作. ply for `hire (of taxi drivers, boatmen, etc) wait in a place or move about, looking for passengers （计程车司机、船夫等）候客, 揽客, 等生意: taxis licensed to ply for hire at the railway station 许可在火车站候客的计程车. 4 (phr v) ply sb with sth (a) (repeatedly) give or offer sb (food and drink) （反覆）给或让某人（食物或饮料）:She plied us with cakes. 她再三让我们吃蛋 糕. (b) repeatedly ask sb (questions) 反覆问某人（问题）. PM / 9pi: 5em; 9pi `Zm/ abbr 缩写 = (infml 口esp Brit) Prime Minister: an interview with the PM 与首相会晤. pm / 9pi: 5em; 9pi `Zm/ abbr 缩写= (US PM) after noon (Latin post meridiem) 下午, 午后（源自拉 丁文post meridiem）: at 3 pm, ie in the afternoon 下午3 时. Cf 参看 amabbr 缩写. PMT / 9pi: em 5ti:; 9pi Zm `ti/ abbr 缩写 = (infml 口) premenstrual tension. pneumatic / nju:5mAtIk; ?@ nu:-; nu`mAtIk/ adj (a) filled with air 充气的: a pneumatic tyre 充气轮 胎. (b) worked by compressed air 由压缩空气操作或推动的; 风动的: a pneumatic drill 风钻. pneumatically /-klI; -klI/ adv. pneumonia / nju:5mEUnIE; ?@ nu:-; nu`monjE/ n [U] serious illness with inflammation of one or both lungs, causing difficulty in breathing 肺炎. PO / 9pi: 5EU; 9pi `o/ abbr 缩写= 1 Petty Officer. 2 (also po) postal order. 3 Post Office: PO Box 920, eg in an address 邮政信箱920 号. po-faced / 5pEU feIst; `po9fest/ adj (Brit infml derog 口, 贬) with a too solemn or disapproving expression 一本正经的; 不以为然的. poach / pEUtF; potF/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] (a) cook (fish, fruit, etc) by simmering it gently in a small amount of liquid （用少量水）炖, 煨（鱼、水果等）: apricots poached in syrup 糖水煨杏. (b) cook (an egg without its shell) by putting it in (or in a container over) simmering water 煮（荷包蛋）. poacher n. pan with one or more cup-shaped containers in which eggs may be poached 荷包蛋锅 （锅中有杯形煮蛋容器）. poach / pEUtF; potF/ v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (for sth) catch (game birds, animals or fish) without permission on sb else's property （进入他人地界）偷猎, 偷捕（鸟、兽或鱼）: go out poaching on a farmer's land 到农场主土地上偷猎* Fred was caught poaching hares. 弗雷德因偷猎野兔被捉. 2 (a) [Ipr] ~ on sth be active in an area that properly belongs to sb else 在他人范围内活动: Rival salesmen were poaching on his territory. 这些推销员是竞争对手, 却跑到他的地盘来兜生意. * By interfering in this matter you are poaching on my preserve, ie dealing with sth that is my responsibility. 你干预此事就是在我的责任范围内越俎代庖. (b) [Tn] take (staff or ideas) from sb/sth, esp in an underhand way 从某人[某处]挖走（人员）或窃取（思想）: A rival firm poached our best computer programmers. 我公司的竞争对手把我们最好的计算机程序编制员挖走了. * A new political party usually poaches ideas from its rivals. 新政党往往把敌对政党的思想攫为己有. poacher n. person who poaches 偷捕动物的人; 在他人范围内活动的人; 挖走人员或窃取思想 的人. Cf 参看 poach1. POB / 9pi: EU 5bi:; 9pi o `bi/ abbr 缩写= Post Office Box (number) 邮政信箱（号码）: POB 63 邮 政信箱63 号. pock / pCk; pBk/ n (a) any of the swellings on the skin caused by certain diseases, esp smallpox 痘疮; （尤指天花的）疮疹, 脓疮. (b) (also `pock-mark) hollow mark left on the skin by this 麻子（天花 的疤痕）. pocked adj. ~ (with sth) having holes or depressions in the surface 有洞的; 有坑的: The moon's surface is pocked with small craters. 月球表面有许多月坑. pock-marked adj. having marks left after (esp) smallpox 有麻子的: The man's face was badly pock-marked. 那个男的脸上有许多麻子. pocket / 5pCkIt; `pBkIt/ n 1 (a) small bag sewn into or onto a garment and forming part of it, for carrying things in （衣服上的）口袋, 袋子, 兜儿; 衣袋: a coat, jacket, trouser, etc pocket 大衣、外 衣、裤子等的口袋* stand with one's hands in one's pockets 双手插在口袋里站著 * [attrib 作定 语] a pocket dictionary, edition, guide, etc ie small enough to fit in one's pocket 袖珍词典、版本、 指南等. (b) container resembling this, eg on the inside of a car-door, suitcase, cardboard folder, etc; flap1(1) （汽车门、衣箱、文件夹等内侧的）口袋: You will find information about safety procedures in the pocket in front of you, eg on an aircraft. 在您座位前方的袋子里有安全措施须知（如在飞机 上）. 2 (usu sing 通常作单数) money that one has available for spending; financial means （现成 的）钱; 财力: luxury far beyond my pocket 远非我财力可及的奢侈品* easy/hard on the pocket, ie easy/difficult to afford 手头充裕[拮据] * The resort provides accommodation to suit every pocket. 这个度假地提供的食宿丰俭随意. * The expedition was a drain on her pocket. 这次探险耗尽了她 的钱财. 3 small isolated group or area 孤立的小的群体或范围: Pockets of opposition/resistance to the new regime still remained. 反对[抵制]新政权的某些势力仍然存在. * pockets of unemployment in an otherwise prosperous region 繁荣地区中个别的失业现象. 4 small cavity in the ground or in rock, containing gold or ore 矿穴; 矿囊; 矿袋: pockets of coal 煤矿穴. 5 = air pocket (air1). 6 (sport 体) any of the six string pouches round a billiard-table into which balls are hit （台球的）球袋. =>illus at snooker 见snooker 插图. 7 (idm 习语) be, etc in sb's `pocket be very close to or intimate with sb 与某人很亲密: They live in each other's pockets. 他们两人十分密切. have sb in one's `pocket have influence or power over sb 可以影响或支配某人. ,in/,out of `pocket having gained/lost money as a result of sth 因某事赚[赔]钱: Even after paying all the expenses, we'll still be 100 in pocket. 即使扣除所有费用, 我们仍能赚100 英镑. * His mistake left us all out of pocket. 他这一错, 我们大家都跟著赔了钱. * [attrib 作定语] ,out-of-pocket ex`penses, ie money that one has spent (and which will be reimbursed, eg by one's employer) 已支付的开销（可报销的, 如由雇主发还）. line one's/sb's pocket => line3. money burns a hole in sb's pocket => money. pick sb's pocket => pick3. put one's hand in one's pocket => hand1. put one's pride in one's pocket => pride. pocket v. [Tn] 1 put (sth) into one's pocket 将（某物）放入衣袋: He pocketed the tickets. 他把票 放进衣袋里了. * She quickly pocketed the note without reading it. 她很快把通知放进口袋里, 连看 都没看. 2 keep or take (sth) for oneself (esp dishonestly) 将（某物）据为己有: She pays 2 for them, sells them for 4 and pockets the difference. 那些东西她2 英镑买入、4 英镑卖出, 把赚头塞进了腰 包. * He was given 20 for expenses, but pocketed most of it. 他得到20 英镑的公款, 但大部分都进 了自己的口袋了. 3 (eg in billiards) hit (a ball) into a pocket (6) （如在台球戏中）将（球）击入 球袋. 4 (idm 习语) pocket one's `pride hide or suppress one's feelings of anger or shame 隐藏或压 抑愤怒或羞耻感. pocketful / -fUl; -9fJl/ n amount a pocket holds 一衣袋的量: a pocketful of coins 一衣袋硬币. pocket-book n. 1 small notebook 小笔记本; 袖珍记事本. 2(a) (= wallet). (b) (US) purse or small handbag 钱包; （尤指女用）小手提包. pocket-knife n. (pl -knives) = penknife (pen1). =>illus at knife 见knife 插图. pocket-money n. [U] (Brit) (a) small amount of money given to a child, esp weekly （给孩子的）零 花钱（尤指每周给的）. (b) money for small expenses 零用钱: We've paid for our travel and accommodation, so we only need to take some pocket-money with us. 我们已付了旅费与食宿费, 所以只需带些零用钱. pod / pCd; pBd/ n 1 long seed-case of various plants, esp peas and beans 荚; （尤指）豆荚. 2 (idm 习语) like as peas in a pod => like1. pod v. (-dd-) [Tn] take (peas, beans, etc) from their pods 剥掉（豌豆等）的荚. podgy / 5pCdVI; `pBdVI/ adj (-ier, -iest) (infml usu derog 口, 通常作贬义) (of people or parts of the body) short and fat （指人或身体的部分）矮胖的, 短粗的: podgy fingers 短粗的手指. =>Usage at fat1 用法见fat1. podginess n. [U]. podiatry / pE5daIEtrI; pE`daIEtrI/ n [U] (US) = chiropody (chiropodist). podiatrist / -trIst; -trIst/ n (US) = chiropodist. podium / 5pEUdIEm; `podIEm/ n small platform for the conductor of an orchestra, a lecturer, etc to stand on （乐队的）指挥台; 讲台. poem / 5pEUIm; `poIm/ n piece of creative writing inverse, esp one expressing deep feelings or noble thoughts in beautiful language, written with the intention of communicating an experience 诗; 韵文; 诗体文: write/compose poems 写[作]诗. poet / 5pEUIt; `poIt/ n writer of poems 诗人. poetess / -es; -Zs/ n woman poet 女诗人. Poet Laureate (also Laureate) poet officially appointed to the Royal Household in Britain, to write poems for state occasions. 桂冠 诗人（正式任命为英国王室成员, 为国家大典作诗者）. poetic / pEU5etIk; po`ZtIk/ adj 1 (approv 褒) like or suggesting poetry, esp in being graceful and aesthetically leasing 像诗的, 有诗意的（尤指优美的）: a poetic rendering of the piano sonata 富有 诗意的钢琴奏鸣曲演奏. 2 [attrib 作定语] = poetical 1: his entire poetic output 他的全部诗作. poetical / -kl; -kl/ adj 1 [attrib 作定语] of or being poetry 诗的; 韵文的; 诗体文的: the poetical works of Keats 济慈的诗作. 2 [attrib 作定语] = poetic 1. poetically / -klI; -klI/ adv. poetic justice well-deserved punishment or reward 应得的赏罚. poetic licence freedom to change the normal rules of language when writing verse (eg by reversing word order, changing meaning, etc) 诗的破格（如词序倒装、词义变更等）: (ironic 反语) his garden shed which, with a certain amount of poetic licence, he calls his summer-house 他那美其名曰夏季别墅的花园 棚. poetry / 5pEUItrI; `poItrI/ n [U] 1 poems collectively or in general 诗（总称）: epic, lyric, dramatic, pastoral, symbolist, etc poetry 史诗、抒情诗、戏剧诗、田园诗、象徵派的诗* Dryden's poetry 德莱顿的诗 * [attrib 作定语] a poetry book 诗集* a poetry reading 诗歌朗诵会. Cf 参看 prose, verse. 2 (approv 褒) aesthetically pleasing quality 诗意; 美感: a ballet dancer with poetry in every movement 动作皆富诗意的芭蕾舞演员 * the poetry of motion, eg in ballet or some forms of athletics 动作的优美（如芭蕾舞或某些体育动作）. pogo / 5pEUgEU; `po-o/ n (pl ~s) (also `pogo stick) pole, with bars for standing on and a spring at the bottom end, used as a toy for jumping about on 弹簧单高跷（一种跳跃游戏器具）. pogrom / 5pCgrEm; ?@ pE5grCm; po`-rBm/ n organized persecution or killing of a particular group or class of people, esp because of their race or religion （有组织的）集体迫害或杀戮（尤指因种族 或宗教矛盾所致的）. poignant / 5pRInjEnt; `pRInjEnt/ adj affecting one's feelings deeply, making one sad, full of pity, etc 痛切的; 伤心的; 心酸的: poignant sorrow, regret, memories 深沉的悲哀、痛悔、辛酸的回忆 * a poignant moment 伤心的时候. poignancy / -jEnsI; -jEnsI/ n [U] state or quality of being poignant 痛切; 伤心; 心酸. poignantly / -jEntlI; -jEntlI/ adv. poinsettia / pRIn5setIE; pRIn`sZtIE/ n tropical plant with large red leaves that form flower-like clusters, often grown indoors in pots 一品红; 猩猩木. point / pRInt; pRInt/ n 1 [C] (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) sharp or tapered end of sth; tip （物体的）尖端; 尖儿: the point of a pin, knife, pencil, etc 大头针、刀子、铅笔等的尖儿 * a pin-point, knife-point, pencil point, etc 针尖儿、刀尖儿、铅笔尖儿 * The stake had been sharpened to a vicious-looking point. 木桩削得尖得吓人. * the point of the jaw, eg as the target for a punch in boxing 颌端（如拳击的攻击目标）. 2 [C] (often with a capital as part of a name 常用于 名称中, 首字母大写) narrow piece of land sticking out into the sea; headland or promontory 岬角; Oxford Dictionary Translation memory software company ForeignDesk, Okapi Framework, OmegaT, Transolution, AidTransStudio, Cafetran, Déjà Vu (DVX), Heartsome Translation Suite, MemoQ, MetaTexis, Rainbow, SDLX, SDL, STAR Transit, Trados, SDL Trados, Wordfast, WordFisher, Similis, Open Language Tools http://www.transgood.com