TransGood-Translation memory software Trados, SDL, ForeignDesk, Wordfast, WordFisher, Déjà Vu (DVX), 译佳计算机辅助翻译软件, 雅信CAT TransGood, TransMemory, Translation Software Tools, Computer-assisted translation, computer-aided translation, CAT, machine-aided translation, Translation memory software, Terminology management software, Alignment software, Software localization tools, ?bersetzung Software, Logiciels de traduction, Software di traduzione, Traducción de Software, Mémoire de traduction, Tradu??o memória, Memoria de traducción, Memoria di traduzione, Перевод Software, ForeignDesk, Okapi Framework, OmegaT, Transolution, AidTransStudio, Cafetran, Déjà Vu (DVX), Heartsome Translation Suite, MemoQ, MetaTexis, Rainbow, SDLX, SDL, STAR Transit, Trados, SDL Trados, Wordfast, WordFisher, Similis, Open Language Tools, 翻訳ソフトウェア, 翻訳メモリ, 翻译软件 辅助翻译软件 计算机辅助翻译软件 人工智能翻译 翻译工具 专业翻译软件 翻译记忆软件 塔多思 Trados SDL WordFast 雅信CAT 翻译公司 牛津词典 Oxford Dictionary very strong or energetic person 身强力壮的人; 精力充沛的人. power-point n. socket on a wall, etc where electrical appliances can be plugged in to an electric circuit （墙上等处的）电源插座. power politics political action or diplomacy based on the threat of using force 强权政治. power-station (US `power plant) n. building where electricity is generated 发电站; 发电厂: a coal-fired power-station 燃煤火力发电站* a nuclear power-station 核电站. powerful / 5paUEfl; `paJLfEl/ adj (a) of or having great power 强有力的; 力量大的: a powerful blow 有力的一击* a powerful machine, motor bike, engine, etc 大功率的机器、摩托车、发动 机等. (b) having a strong effect 很有效力的; 作用大的: a powerful image, remedy, speech 清晰的 影像、特效的药品、有力的讲话* a powerful appeal to the public's sense of justice 要求公众主 持正义的强烈呼吁. (c) physically strong 强健的: powerful legs 强健的腿部 * a man with a powerful physique 身强力壮的男子. (d) having great control or influence 权力大的; 有势力的: a powerful enemy, nation, ruler, trade union 强敌、强国、强有力的统治者、有势力的工会. powerfully / -fElI; -fElI/ adv: He is very powerfully built, ie has a large strong physique. 他身强力 壮. powerless / 5paUElIs; `paJLlIs/ adj 1 without power or strength 无权力的; 无力量的: render sb powerless 使某人失去权力. 2 ~ to do sth completely unable to do sth 对做某事无能为力的: I am powerless to intervene in the matter. 我对调停此事无能为力. * They were powerless to resist. 他们 无力抵抗. powerlessly adv. powerlessness n. [U]. powwow / 5paUwaU; `paJ9waJ/ n 1 meeting or conference of N American Indians （北美印第安人 的）会议. 2 (infml 口) meeting to discuss sth 讨论会: hold a powwow 举行讨论会. powwow v. [I, Ipr] ~ (about sth) (infml 口) have a discussion (about sth) 讨论（某事物）. pox / pCks; pBks/ n 1 the pox [sing] = syphilis. 2 [U] (in compounds 用以构成复合词) disease that causes pock-marks 痘: `smallpox * `chicken-pox. pp abbr. 缩写= 1 pages. 2 / 9pi: 5pi:; 9pi `pi/ (also per pro / p\: 5prEU; 9p[ `pro/) (before a signature) on behalf of (Latin per procurationem) （签字前）代表...（源自拉丁文per procurationem）: pp J E Symonds, eg signed by his secretary in his absence 代表J·E·西蒙兹（例如本人不在场而 由秘书代签者）. 3 (music 音) very softly; very quietly (Italian pianissimo) 极柔和, 极轻（源自 意大利文pianissimo）. Cf 参看 ff 2. PPE / 9pi: pi: 5i:; 9pi pi `i/ abbr 缩写= (Brit) (esp at Oxford University) philosophy, politics and economics （尤用于牛津大学）哲学、政治学和经济学: a degree in PPE 哲学、政治学和经济 学学位. PPS (also pps) / 9pi: pi: 5es; 9pi pi `Zs/ abbr 缩写= (esp at the end of a letter) additional postscript (Latin post postscriptum) （尤用于信末）再附言（源自拉丁文post postscriptum）. Cf 参 看 PS 2. PR / 9pi: 5B:(r); 9pi `Br/ abbr 缩写 = 1 proportional representation. 2 (infml 口) public relations: a PR exercise, ie one that tries to create good will while not solving problems or achieving results 公关活动. pr abbr. 缩写 = 1 (pl prs) pair. 2 price. practicable / 5prAktIkEbl; `prAktIkEbl/ adj 1 that can be put into practice; workable 可以实施的; 行得通的: a practicable scheme, solution, suggestion, etc 切实可行的计画、解决办法、建议等. 2 (of roads, etc) fit to be used by traffic; passable （指道路等）适于车辆往来的, 可通行的: the mountain route that is practicable only in summer 只有在夏季才可以通行的山路. Cf 参看 impracticable. practicability / 9prAktIkE5bIlEtI;9prAktIkE`bIlEtI/ n [U]. practicably / -EblI; -EblI/ adv. practical / 5prktIkl; `prAktIkl/ adj 1 concerned with practice(1) and action rather than theory 实践的; 实际的: practical experience, skills 实践经验、实际技能* It's an interesting idea but there are many practical difficulties. 这是一个很有意思的想法, 然而却存在著许多实际困难. Cf 参看 theoretical 1. 2 suitable for the purpose for which it was made; useful 切合实际的; 实用的: a practical device with many different uses 一种多用途的实用器械* practical clothing for outdoor sports 适于室外运动穿的衣服* Your invention is ingenious, but not very practical. 你所发明的东 西巧是巧, 但不太实用. 3 (a) (of a person) clever at doing and making things （指人）心灵手巧的: She's very practical. 她心灵手巧. * He has a practical partner who organizes everything for him. 他 有个很能干的伙伴, 替他把一切弄得井井有条. (b) sensible and realistic 讲求实际的; 实事求是 的: We must be practical and work out the cost before we make a decision. 我们应该实事求是地先 把费用算出来, 然后再做决定. 4 that is so in effect; virtual 事实上的; 实际上的: The owner's brother has been in practical control of the firm for years. 业主的弟弟实际控制该商行已有多年. 5 (idm 习语) for (all) `practical purposes as far as really matters; in reality 事实上; 实际上: The sale was supposed to last for a week, but for all practical purposes it's over. 减价销售原来预料要持续一 周, 然而实际上现在已经结束了. Cf 参看 impractical. practical n. (infml 口) practical(1) examination or lesson, eg in a scientific subject 实验课考试, 实 习课（如某一学科的）: a physics practical 物理实验. practicality / 9prAktI5kAlEtI; 9prAktI`kAlEtI/ n 1 [U] quality or state of being sensible and realistic 实际性; 现实性; 实用性: He questioned the practicality of the proposal. 他对该项建议的 可行性表示怀疑. 2 practicalities [pl] practical(1) matters rather thanideas 实际的事务: We need to start discussing practicalities. 我们需要著手讨论实际问题. practically / -klI; -klI/ adv 1 almost; virtually 几乎; 实际上: It rained practically every day. 几乎 天天下雨. * His work is practically unknown here. 他的作品在这里实际上不为人知. 2 in a practical manner 实际地; 实事求是地: She solved the problem very practically. 她很实事求是地解 决了这个问题. practical joke trick played on sb for amusement, usu involving some physical action 恶作剧: The children put salt in the sugar bowl as a practical joke. 孩子们玩恶作剧把盐放进了糖罐里. ,practical `joker person who plays practical jokes 玩恶作剧的人. practice / 5prAktIs; `prAktIs/ n 1 [U] actual doing of sth; action as contrasted with theory 实践; 实 际: put a plan into practice 实行某计画* The idea would never work in practice, ie It seems good in theory but would be useless if carried out. 那种设想永远也实现不了. 2 (a)[U] regularly repeated exercise done in order to improveone's skill （经常反覆的）练习: an hour's practice every day 每天 一小时的练习* Playing the piano well requires a lot of practice. 要弹好钢琴就得多练习. * [attrib 作定语] a practice game 练习赛. (b) [C] period of time spent doing this 进行练习的一段时间; 练 习期间: The players will meet for a practice in the morning. 运动员们在早上一起训练. 3 (a) [U] way of doing sth that is common or habitual 惯例; 常规: It is accepted/standard practice to pay a deposit with one's order. 在预订时交付定金是一般的[普遍遵守的]惯例. * Paying bills promptly is good financial practice. 及时付帐是理财的好习惯. * It is the practice in Britain to drive on the left. 车辆靠左行驶是英国的制度. (b) [C] thing done regularly; habit or custom 惯常做的事; 习惯; 习 俗: the practice of closing shops on Sundays 星期天店铺休业的惯例* I had coffee after dinner, as is my usual practice. 我饭后喝咖啡, 这是我的习惯. 4 (a) [U] work of a doctor or lawyer （医生或 律师的）工作: a doctor working in general practice, ie as a family doctor 全科医生（如家庭医生） * She has retired from practice/is no longer in practice. 她已退休[已不再执业]. (b) [C] (place of) business of a doctor or lawyer （医生或律师的）业务; 诊所; 律师事务所: a medical/legal practice 诊所[法律事务所] * a group practice, ie a partnership of several doctors 联合诊所（由几位医生联合 执业）* His practice is in the centre of the city. 他的事务所位于市中心. * She has just bought (into) a very profitable practice. 她刚买下一个赢利很高的事务所（的股票）. 5 [U] (a) (esp of a doctor or lawyer) practising one's profession （尤指医生或律师的）执业, 生意: the practice of law/medicine 律师的业务[医生的行医].(b) exercising one's faith, etc 修养: the practice of one's religion 修道. 6 (idm 习语) ,in/,out of `practice having/not having spent time doing practice 勤于[疏于]实践或练习: It's important to keep in practice. 经常练习很重要. * If you don't play, you'll get out of practice. 不 练习就会荒疏. make a habit/practice of sth => habit. ,practice makes `perfect (saying 谚) doing sth (eg a skill or craft) repeatedly is the only way to become very good at it 熟能生巧. sharp practice => sharp. practician / prAk5tIFn; prAk`tIFEn/ n = practitioner. practise (US practice) / 5prAktIs; `prAktIs/ v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr, Tg] ~ (sth) (on sth) do sth repeatedly or regularly in order to improve one's skill 练习; 实习: I haven't been practising enough. 我练习得还不够. * She's practising (a new piece) on the piano. 她在练习弹奏（一支新曲子）. * I need to practise my Italian before my business trip. 我出差以前需要练习一下意大利语. * Practise throwing the ball into the net. 练习投篮. 2 [Tn] make (sth) part of one's behaviour by doing it regularly 经常做（某事）养成习惯: practise economy, patience, self-control, etc 厉行节约、锻炼 耐性、锻炼自制力. 3 [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (as sth) work as a doctor or lawyer 执业为医生或律师: Does he still practise? 他还在执业吗? * She practised as a solicitor for many years. 她当了许多年事务律 师. * practise homoeopathic medicine 施行顺势疗法. 4 [I, Tn] do (sth) actively 积极从事（某事 物）: He was a Catholic but didn't practise (his religion). 他那时是天主教徒, 但并不实践信仰. * a practising Anglican 实践信仰的圣公会教徒. 5 (idm 习语) ,practise what one `preaches do habitually oneself what one tells others to do 躬行实践; 身体力行. practised (US -ticed) adj. ~ (in sth) expert, esp as a result of much practice; experienced 熟练的; 内 行的; 有经验的: He performed the job with practised skill. 他干这工作很熟练. * practised in the art of deception 善使手腕骗人的. practitioner / prAk5tIFEnE(r); prAk`tIFEnL/ (also practician) n 1 person who practises a skill or an art 习艺者; 实习者. 2 person who practises a profession, esp medicine 从业者; （尤指）行医者: a general practitioner 全科医生. praesidium = presidium. pragmatic / prAg5mAtIk; prA-`mAtIk/ adj 1 treating things in a sensible and realistic way; concerned with practical results 务实的; 实事求是的; 注重实效的: a politician valued for his pragmatic approach 因讲求实际而受人尊重的政治家* a pragmatic solution to the problem 实事 求是地解决问题的方法. 2 of or concerning pragmatism(2) 实用主义的; 实用主义观点的. pragmatically / -klI; -klI/ adv. pragmatism / 5prAgmEtIzEm; `prA-mE9tIzEm/ n [U] (fml 文) 1 thinking about or treating things in a practical way 实用的观点或思想方法. 2 (in philosophy) belief that the truth or value of a theory can only be judged by its practical results （哲学）实用主义. pragmatist / -tIst; -tIst/ n 1 person who acts in a practical way 做事从实际出发的人. 2 believer in pragmatism(2) 实用主义者. prairie / 5preErI; `prZrI/ n wide area of level grassland, esp in N America; plain2 大草原（尤指北美 洲的）. Cf 参看pampas, savannah, steppe, veld. prairie-dog n. small N American burrowing animal with a bark like a dog's 草原犬鼠（产自北美洲, 穴居, 叫声似犬吠）. praise / preIz; prez/ v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.n/a] ~ sb/sth (for sth); ~ sb/sth as sth express approval or admiration for sb/sth 称赞或赞赏某人[某事物]: The guests praised the meal. 客人们称赞这顿饭做 得好. * He was obviously expecting to be praised. 他显然想要得到表扬. * He praised her for her courage. 他赞扬她很勇敢. * Critics praised the work as highly original. 评论家们称赞该作品独树 一帜. 2 [Tn] honour or glorify (God) in prayer; worship 赞美, 颂扬（上帝）; 崇拜. 3 (idm 习语) praise, etc sb to the skies => sky. praise / preIz; prez/ n [U] 1 expression of approval or admiration; act of praising (praise1 1) 称赞; 赞美; 赞扬: high (ie great) praise 高度的赞扬* courage beyond (ie too great for) praise 无与伦比 的勇气* He received praise from his colleagues for winning the prize. 他因获得该奖而受到同事们 的称赞. * an achievement worthy of great praise 值得大加表扬的成绩* The leader spoke in praise of those who had died for their country. 领导人表彰为国捐躯的人们. 2 worship (of God); glory （对上帝的）崇拜; 荣耀: a hymn of praise 赞美诗* Praise be (to God), ie Thank goodness! 谢天 谢地! 3 (idm 习语) be loud in one's praise => loud. damn sb/sth with faint praise => damn1. sing sb's/sth's praises => sing. praiseworthy / -w\:TI; -w[TI/ adj deservingpraise; commendable 值得称赞的; 值得表扬的: a very praiseworthy achievement 值得大大夸奖的成绩. praiseworthily / -TIlI; -TElI/ adv. praiseworthiness n. [U]. praline / 5prB:li:n; `prB9lin/ n sweet2(1) made by browning nuts in boiling sugar, used esp as a flavouring or filling for chocolate confectionery 果仁糖（尤用作巧克力点心的加料或夹馅）. pram / prAm; prAm/ n (Brit) (US `baby buggy, baby carriage, buggy) four-wheeled carriage, pushed by hand, for a baby （手推的）幼儿车（有四轮）. prance / prB:ns; ?@ prAns; prAns/ v 1 [I] (of a horse) move jerkily by raising the forelegs and springing forward from the hind legs （指马）腾跃. 2 (phr v) prance about, along, around, in, out, etc move in the specified direction in a high-spirited or arrogant way 手舞足蹈地或神气活现地朝某方 向移动: She was prancing along in her new outfit. 她穿著全套新衣服神气活现地走著. * He pranced out of the room in a fury. 他盛怒之下大摇大摆走出了房间. * They were prancing about (ie jumping or dancing happily) to the music. 他们跟著音乐欢蹦乱跳. prance n. [sing] prancing movement （马的）腾跃; 欢蹦乱跳; 昂首阔步. prang / prAN; prAN/ v [Tn] (sl 俚esp Brit) damage (a vehicle) in a crash 撞毁, 撞坏（车辆）: He's pranged his new bike. 他把他那辆新自行车撞坏了. prang n. (damage caused to a vehicle in a) crash （车辆等的）撞毁, 碰撞: He's had a bit of a prang. 他出了严重的撞车事故. prank / prANk; prANk/ n playful or mischievous trick 玩笑; 恶作剧: a childish prank 像孩子般的 胡闹* play a prank on sb 戏弄某人. prankster / 5prANkstE(r); `prANkstL/ n person who plays pranks 开玩笑者; 搞恶作剧的人. prate / preIt; pret/ v (derog 贬) (a) [I, Ip] ~ (on about sth) talk or chatter too much (about sth) （对某 事物）喋喋不休, 唠唠叨叨: Listen to him prating on about nothing. 听他瞎唠叨. (b) [I] talk (foolishly) 胡扯: a prating idiot 胡说八道的笨蛋. prattle / 5prAtl; `prAtl/ v [I, Ip] (a) ~ (away) (of a child) talk in a simple way; babble （指儿童）说简 单的话, 牙牙学语: The baby is prattling (away) happily in her cot. 那幼儿在小床上牙牙自语, 快 活得很. (b) (often derog 常作贬义) ~ (on about sth) (of an adult) talk at length, esp about unimportant things （指成人）絮絮叨叨地说; （尤指）闲聊: prattle on about the village gossip 闲 扯些村里的事. prattle n. [U] unimportant chatter; gossip 闲聊; 闲话. prattler / 5prAtlE(r); `prAtlL/ n (often derog 常作贬义) person who prattles (prattle b) 说话絮叨的 人. prawn / prR:n; prRn/ n type of edible shellfish like a large shrimp 大虾; 对虾; 明虾: [attrib 作定语] a ,prawn `cocktail, ie a dish of prawns served with mayonnaise 一盘浇有蛋黄酱的大虾. pray / preI; pre/ v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn.pr, Tf, Tt] ~ (to sb) (for sb/sth); ~ sb (for sth) offer thanks, make requests known, etc (to God) 祈祷; 祷告: The priest prayed for the dying man. 牧师为死者做祷告. * They prayed (to God) for an end to their sufferings/for their sufferings to end. 他们为早日结束苦 难而祈祷. * They prayed that she would recover. 他们为她尽快康复而祈祷. * She prayed to be forgiven/(to) God for forgiveness. 她祈求宽恕[上帝宽恕]. 2 [Tn.pr, Dn.t] ~ sb (for sth) (dated fml 旧, 文) ask sb (for sth/to do sth) as a favour; beg （为某事物）恳求某人; 乞求某人（做某事物）: We pray you for mercy/to show mercy. 我们恳求你发慈悲. * We pray you to set the prisoner free. 我们 恳求你释放这个囚犯. prayer / preE(r); prZr/ n 1 (a) [C] ~ (for sth) solemn request to God or to an object of worship 祈祷; 祷告: say one's prayers 做祷告* a prayer for forgiveness, rain, success 为获得宽恕、雨水、成功 而做的祷告* He arrived, as if in answer to her prayers. 他终于来了, 好像她祷告很灵验. (b) fixed form of words used for this 祈祷文: the Lord's Prayer 主祷文* prayers he had learnt as a child 他儿 时念过的祈祷文. 2 [U] action of praying 祈祷; 祷告: spend time in prayer 做祷告* Let us kneel in prayer. 我们跪下祈祷吧. * She believed in the power of prayer. 她相信祈祷的力量. 3 (a) [sing] form of religious service consisting mainly of prayers （宗教的）祈祷式: Evening/Morning Prayer 晚 [ 早] 祷. (b) prayers[pl] informal meeting in order to pray （非正式的）祷告会: family/morning/evening/daily prayers 家庭的[早晨的/晚上的/每天的]祷告会. prayer-book n. (a) book containing prayers, for use in church, etc （教堂等使用的）祈祷书. (b) the `Prayer Book (also the ,Book of ,Common `Prayer) prayer-book used in Anglican services （圣公会 的）祈祷书, 公祷书. prayer-mat (also `prayer-rug) n. small carpet on which Muslims kneel when praying （穆斯林做祷 告时用的）跪毯. prayer-meeting n. (esp in Protestant churches) meeting where people say personal prayers aloud to God （尤指新教教会的）祷告会. prayer-wheel n. revolving drum-shaped box inscribedwith or containing prayers, used esp by Tibetan Buddhists（西藏喇嘛教徒用的刻有或带有祈祷文的）祈祷轮, 地藏车. pre- pref. 前缀(used fairly widely with vs, ns, adjs and advs 与大量动词、名词、形容词、副 词连用) before 在...前; 先于: pre-cook * prefabricate * pre-medication * pre-Christian * prematurely. Cf 参看 ante-, post-. pre-arrange / 9pri:E5reIndV; 9priE`rendV/ v [Tn] arrange(sth) in advance 预先安排（某事物）: Run to your positionswhen you hear the prearranged signal. 你们听到预定的信号时, 就各就各位. pre-arrangement n. [U]. pre-cast / 9pri:5kB:st; ?@ -5kAst; `pri`kAst/ adj (of concrete) made into blocks ready for use in building （指混凝土）预先浇铸的, 预制的. pre-condition / 9pri:kEn5dIFn; 9prikEn`dIFEn/ n = prerequisite. pre-eminent / 9pri:5emInEnt; prI`ZmEnEnt/ adj superior to all others; outstanding 超群的; 杰出的: a scientist pre-eminent in his field 在其领域中出类拔萃的科学家. pre-eminence / -Ens; -Ens/ n [U]: awards for those who achieve pre-eminence in public life 给予在 社会生活中有突出表现者的奖励. pre-eminently adv. pre-empt / 9pri:5empt; prI`Zmpt/ v 1 [Tn] obtain (sth) by acting in advance of others 抢先取得（某 物）; 预先占有（某物）. 2 [Tn] (US) occupy (public land) in order to have the right to buy it before others （为获得优先购买权而）占有（公地）. 3 [Tn] prevent (sth) by taking action in advance; forestall 抢先采取行动以阻止（某事物）; 先发制人: The workers took control of the factory in order to pre-empt its sale by the owners. 工人们先发制人接管了工厂以阻止厂主将工厂出售. 4 [I] (in bridge) make a high opening bid despite having poor cards, in order to prevent further bidding （桥牌 中）先发制人叫牌（尽管牌不好也仍叫得很高以阻止对方叫牌）. pre-emption / 9pri:5empFn; prI`ZmpFEn/ n [U] 1 (fml 文) (a) purchase by one person, group, etc before others have the chance to buy 优先购买. (b) right to do this 优先购买权. 2 obtaining or preventing (sth) by acting in advance 抢先行动以占有或阻止（某事物）. pre-emptive / -tIv; -tIv/ adj of or concerning pre-emption 优先购买的; 预先采取行动的: a pre-emptive right to buy 优先购买权 * pre-emptive purchase 优先购买 * a pre-emptive attack/strike, ie one designed to forestall a likely enemy attack 先发制人的攻击[打击] * a pre-emptive bid, ie (in bridge) one made to prevent further bidding 先发制人的叫牌（用以阻止对方 叫牌）. pre-exist / 9pri:Ig5zIst; 9priI-`zIst/ v [I] (a) exist beforehand 先存; 先在. (b) live a life before this life 生存于前世. pre-existence / -Ens; -Ens/ n [U] earlier form of existence, esp that of the soul before it enters the body 先存（尤指灵魂在进入肉体前的存在）; 前世. pre-existent / -Ent; -Ent/ adj existing previously, esp in an earlier life 先存的; （尤指）前世的. pre-heat / 9pri:5hi:t; pri`hit/ v [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] heat (sth) beforehand (esp an oven to a specified temperature before putting food in it to cook) 预热（某物, 尤指烤箱, 待达到一定温度后 将食物放入进行烹调）: Cook the pie for 20 minutes in a pre-heated oven. 在经过预热的烤箱里烘 烤馅饼20 分钟. pre-natal / 9pri:5neItl; pri`netl/ adj (esp US) of or occurring in the period before (giving) birth; antenatal 出生前的; 产前的; 孕期的: ,pre-natal `check-ups, `classes,`exercises 产前检查、孕期卫 生课程、孕期体操. Cf 参看 postnatal. pre-ordain / 9pri:R:5deIn; 9priRr`den/ v [esp passive 尤用于被动语态: Tn, Tf] decide or determine (sth) beforehand 预先决定或确定（某事物）; 注定: Fate had pre-ordained their meeting/that they should meet. 他们的相逢是命中注定的. * Her success in life seemed pre-ordained. 她似一生注定 功成德立. pre-package / 9pri:5pAkIdV; pri`pAkIdV/ (also pre-pack / 9pri:5pAk; pri`pAk/) v [Tn esp passive 尤 用于被动语态] put (goods) into packs ready for sale before distribution to shops 预先包装（货物） （再批发到商店）: pre-packaged fruit 预先包装的水果. Pre-Raphaelite / 9pri:5rAfElaIt; 9pri`rAfE9laIt/ n (art 美术) member of a group of British 19th-century artists who painted in a style considered to be that of Italian painting before the time of Raphael 拉斐尔前派画家（指英国19 世纪一种流派的成员, 其作品被认为具有拉斐尔以前之意 大利绘画风格）. Pre-Raphaelite adj. of, concerning or in the style of the Pre-Raphaelites 拉斐尔之前的; 拉斐尔前 派的; 具有拉斐尔前派风格的: a Pre-Raphaelite portrait 具有拉斐尔前派风格的肖像画. pre-record / 9pri:rI5kR:d; 9prirI`kRrd/ v [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] (esp broadcasting 尤用于 广播) record (film, sound, a television programme, etc) in advance, for use later 预先录制（影像、声 音、电视节目等）: The sound effects had been pre-recorded and were added to the dialogue. 音响 效果经预录后已加入对话中. * The interview was pre-recorded. 采访过程是预先录制好的. Cf 参 看 live1 7. pre-recorded adj. (of tape) with film or sound already recorded on it （指磁带）已录影的, 已录音 的. pre-school / 9pri:5sku:l; pri`skul/ adj of the time or age before a child is old enough to go to school 学 龄前的; 学前的: a ,pre-school `child/a child of pre-school age 学龄前儿童* ,pre-school `learning 入学前的学习. pre-set / 9pri:5set; 9pri`sZt/ v (-tt-; pt, pp pre-set) [Tn, Cn.t] set (a clock, timer, etc) beforehand 预先 调整（时钟、定时器等）: She pre-set the cooker to come on at 6.30. 她把炊具预先调好在6 点30 分钟操作. * The video was pre-set to record the match. 录像机已预调好以便录下比赛情况. pre-shrunk / 9pri:5FrQNk; 9pri`FrQNk/ adj (of cloth) shrunk before being made into garments, so that they will not shrink when they are washed （指布料）缩过水的, 防缩的: ,pre-shrunk `jeans 防缩牛 仔裤. pre-stressed / 9pri:5strest; pri`strZst/ adj (of concrete) strengthened by having stretched cables inside it （指混凝土）预加应力的. pre-tax / 9pri:5tAks; `pri`tAks/ adj before tax has been deducted 未扣除税款的; 纳税前的: ,pre-tax `income, `profits, `surplus, etc 税前收入、利润、盈余等. pre-war / 9pri:5wR:(r); 9pri`wRr/ adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] occurring or existing before a war, esp the Second World War （发生或存在于）战前的; （尤指）第二次世界大战以前的: in the pre-war period 在战前* ,pre-war `cars, `housing, ma`chinery, etc, ie built or made before the Second World War 第 二次世界大战以前造的汽车、房屋、机器等* ,pre-war `governments 战前的各国政府. preach / pri:tF; pritF/ v 1 (a) [I, Ipr] ~ (to sb) (about/against/on sth) give a sermon, esp in church 讲 道, 布道（尤指在教堂中）: The vicar preached to the congregation for half an hour. 那位教区牧师 向会众讲道半个小时. * He preaches well. 他讲道讲得好. * What did he preachabout/on? 他宣讲 了什麽? * He preached against violence. 他讲道中宣讲反对暴力的道理. (b) [Tn, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) give (a sermon) 讲（道）; 布（道）: He preaches the same sermon every Christmas. 他每逢圣诞节 都宣讲同一教旨. (c) [Tn, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) make (a religion or teaching) known by talking about it publicly; teach (sth) 宣扬（教义或教条）; 教导（某事物）: preach the Gospel/the word of God 传 布福音[上帝的道] * They preached the new doctrines throughout Europe. 他们在全欧洲宣讲这一 新学说. 2 [Tn] try to persuade people to accept or support (sth); advocate 劝说人们赞成或支持（某 事物）; 说教; 鼓吹: She preached economy as the best means of solving the crisis. 她大力鼓吹节约 是解决危机的关键. * He was always preaching the virtues of capitalism. 他总是宣传资本主义的长 处. 3 [I, Ipr] ~ (at/to sb) (often derog 常作贬义) give unwanted advice on morals, behaviour, etc, esp in a persistent, annoying manner 进行道德、操守等方面的说教（尤指唠叨、令人厌烦）: I am tired of listening to you preach (at me). 我懒得听你（对我讲）的大道理. * You are in no position to preach to me about efficiency! 你没有资格对我大谈什麽效率问题! 4 (idm 习语) practisewhat one preaches => practise. preach to the con`verted speak to people in support of views that they already hold 对人们宣传他们早已持有的观点: Telling conservationists that we need to preserve the natural heritage really is preaching to the converted! 向自然资源保护论者宣讲需要保护自然界遗 产的道理, 真是多此一举. preacher n. person who preaches, esp a clergyman who preaches sermons: 说教者; 鼓吹者; （尤 指）传道人, 讲道的教士* a good preacher 善于说教的人* a preacher famous for his inspiring sermons 以讲道能激励人心见称的传道人. preamble / pri:5Ambl; `priAmbl/ n [C, U] ~ (to sth) opening statement explaining the purpose of the book, document, lecture, etc that follows （书籍、文件、讲演等的）前言, 序言, 开场白: He launched into his statement without any preamble. 他开门见山地发表言论. prebend / 5prebEnd; `prZbEnd/ n (religion 宗) income paid to a priest from the revenue of a church, esp a cathedral 牧师的薪俸. prebendary / 5prebEndrI; ?@ -derI; `prZbEnd9ZrI/ n priest who receives a prebend 受俸牧师. precarious / prI5keErIEs; prI`kZrIEs/ adj 1 depending on chance; uncertain 依靠机会的; 不确定的: She makes a rather precarious living as a novelist. 她当小说家, 过著不太稳定的生活. 2 unsteady; unsafe 不稳固的; 不安全的: He was unable to get down from his precarious position on the rocks. 他无法从岩石危险的位置上下来. precariously adv: to perch precariously 摇摇欲坠* They lived precariously on the income from a few small investments. 他们依靠些微投资中的收入, 过著朝不保夕的生活. precariousness n. [U]. precaution / prI5kR:Fn; prI`kRFEn/ n ~ (against sth) thing done in advance to avoid danger, prevent problems, etc 预防措施或方法: take an umbrella just as a precaution 带把伞, 有备无患 * fire precautions/precautions against fire 防火措施* I took the precaution of locking everything in the safe. 我把一切东西都锁在保险箱里以防万一. precautionary / prI5kR:FEnErI; ?@ -nerI; prI`kRFEn9ZrI/ adj done as a precaution; preventive 防 备的; 预防的: precautionary measures 预防措施. precede / prI5si:d; prI`sid/ v 1 [I, Tn] come or go before (sth) in time, order, rank, etc （在时间、顺 序、行列等上）在（某事物）之前; 先于（某事物）: The Mayor entered, preceded by members of the council. 市政会的委员们入场后, 市长也入场了. * This point has been dealt with in the preceding paragraph. 这一点在前面一段里已经交代过了. * the days that preceded the final catastrophe 大祸即将临头的那些日子. 2 [Tn.pr] ~ sth with sth say sth before sth 在讲某话之前 先讲某话; 在讲...前加上...: She preceded her speech with a vote of thanks to the committee. 她发表 讲话以前先提议向全体委员表示感谢. precedence / 5presIdEns; `prZsEdEns/ n [U] ~ (over sb/sth) right to come before sb/sth in time, order, rank, etc （在时间、顺序、行列等上）领先于某人[某事物]的权利; 优先权: The longest-serving officer always takes precedence. 任职时间最长的官员事事优先. * The elder son has precedence over the younger one. 长子较之非长子享有优先权. * The needs of the community must take precedence over (ie must be met before) individual requirements. 公众的利益高于个人的利益. * a list of the English aristocracy in order of precedence, ie in order of social rank 按社会等级排列的英 国贵族名单. precedent / 5presIdEnt; `prZsEdEnt/ n (a) [C] earlier decision, case, event, etc that is regarded as an example or rule for what comes later 可援为先例的判决、事例、事件等: create/establish/set a precedent (for sth) （为某事物）开创先例* serve as a precedent for sth 为某事物提供范例 * There is no precedent for such an action. 这种行动没有先例可循. (b) [U] existing precedents (used esp in the expressions shown) 先例（尤用于下列示例）: without precedent 没有先例 * break with precedent, ie not act according to precedents 打破先例（不按先例行事）. precedented adj. having or supported by a precedent 有先例的; 有前例可援的: a decision not precedented in English law 在英国法律中无前例可援的判决. precentor / prI5sentE(r); prI`sZntL/ n clergyman who is in charge of the music in a cathedral and (often) leads the singers （教堂歌咏班的）领唱者. precept / 5pri:sept; `prisZpt/ n 1 [C] rule or guide, esp for behaviour 规范; 准则; （尤指）格言, 箴 言: follow the precepts of one's religion 遵循自己的宗教戒律* He lived by the precept `practise what you preach'. 他奉行｀言行一致＇的准则. 2 [U] moral instruction 道德箴言; 教训: Example is better than precept. 身教胜于言教. preceptor / prI5septE(r); prI`sZptL/ n (fml 文) teacher 教师; 导师. precession / prI5seFn; prI`sZFEn/ n [U] (also pre,cessionof the `equinoxes) gradual change in the angle at which the earth revolves daily, causing the equinoxes to occur slightly earlier in each successive year 岁差（地球自转角度的渐次变化, 使每年的春分点及秋分点比上年略为提前）. precinct / 5pri:sINkt; `prisINkt/ n 1 [C] area enclosed by definite boundaries, esp the walls of a cathedral, church or college （有界限围成的）区域; （尤指）教堂或大学墙以内的境域: a sacred precinct 教堂的地界范围* these hallowed precincts 这些神圣的境域. 2 [C] (Brit) area in a town for specific or restricted use, esp one where vehicles may not enter 城镇中有某用途的或受限制的地 区; （尤指禁止机动车通行的）行人专用区: a shopping precinct 购物区* a pedestrian precinct 行 人专用区. 3 [C] (US) subdivision of a county, city, etc （县、市等的）分区: an election precinct 选 区* a police precinct 警察分管区. 4 precincts [pl] (a) boundaries; limits 界限; 范围: No parking within the hospital precincts. 医院范围内禁止停放车辆. (b) area around a place; environs 周围地区; 附近: the old city and its precincts 旧城市及其郊区* the airport and precincts 机场及周围地区. preciosity / 9preFI5CsEtI; 9prZFI`BsEtI/ n (fml 文) (a) [U]over-refinement in language and art; being precious(3) （语言和艺术的）过于讲究; 矫揉造作. (b) [C often pl 常作复数] instance of this 过于 讲究. precious / 5preFEs; `prZFEs/ adj 1 of great value (and beauty) 贵重的; 宝贵的: the precious metals, ie gold, silver and platinum 贵金属（金、银、白金）* precious gems/stones, ie diamonds, rubies, emeralds, etc 宝石（钻石、红宝石、绿宝石等）. 2 ~ (to sb) highly valued; dearly loved 珍贵 的; 受到珍爱的: precious moments together 相处在一起的珍贵时刻* Each life is precious. 生命 都是非常宝贵的. * a precious memento of happier times 幸福时日的珍贵纪念品* She is very precious to him. 她在他心中占著非常重要的地位. * (infml ironic 口, 反语) She talks about nothing except her precious car! 她说话离不开她那宝贝汽车! 3 (derog 贬) (of language, style, etc) over-refined; unnatural （指语言、风格等）过于讲究的, 矫揉造作的: poetry full of precious images 尽是挖空心思的意象的诗篇 * a rather precious young man 惺惺作态的年轻男子. (infml often ironic 口, 常作反语) considerable 可观的: A precious lot of good that will do! 那样做 大有好处! precious adv (used before little, few 用于little 、 few 之前) (infml 口) very 很; 非常: Precious few people can afford prices like that. 没有什麽人出得起那个价钱. * She has precious little to be cheerful about. 她几乎毫无乐趣. precious n. (infml 口) (used as an affectionate name when speaking to sb 用作表示亲昵的称呼语) dear 亲爱的: What did you say, (my) precious? （我）亲爱的, 你说什麽呀? preciously adv in a precious(3) manner 过于考究地; 矫揉造作地. preciousness n. [U] quality of being precious(1, 2) 贵重; 宝贵; 珍贵; 珍爱. precipice / 5presIpIs; `prZsEpIs/ n very steep or vertical face of a cliff, mountain or rock 悬崖; 峭壁: (fig 比喻) The country's economy was on the edge of the precipice, ie in danger of collapsing. 该国 的经济已处于崩溃的边缘. precipitate / prI5sIpIteIt; prI`sIpE9tet/ v 1 [Tn] (fml 文) cause (sth) to happen suddenly or soon(er); hasten 使（某事物）突然或迅速地发生; 加速: events that precipitated his ruin 突然毁了他的事件 * One small error precipitated the disaster. 一个小小的错误酿成这一灾难. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] (fml 文) (a) throw (sb/sth) with force (as if) from a great height （似）自极高处将（某人[某物]）猛然扔下; 猛 摔（某人[某物]）. (b) ~ sb/sth into sth (fig 比喻) throw sb/sth suddenly (into a state or condition) 使 某人[某事物]突然陷入（某种状况）: The assassination of the ambassador precipitated the country into war. 由于大使遇刺, 该国顿时进入了战争状态. 3 (chemistry 化) (a) [I] (of a substance) separate into solid form from the liquid in which it is held （指物质）沉淀, 淀析. (b) [Tn] cause (a substance) to do this 使（物质）沉淀; 析出（某种物质）. 4 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr esp passive 尤用于 被动语态] ~ (sth) (as sth) (cause vapour to) condense and form rain, snow etc （使水气）冷凝成为 雨、雪等: The clouds precipitate/are precipitatedas snow in winter. 在冬天云冷凝成为雪. precipitate n. [C, U] (a) solid matter that has been precipitated (precipitate 3b) from a solution 沉淀 物; （液体的）析出物; 冷凝物. (b) moisture condensed from vapour and deposited (as rain, dew, etc) （水气的）凝结物（如雨、露等）. precipitate / prI5sIpItEt; prI`sIpE9tEt/ adj (a) violently hurried 急促的; 迅猛的: a precipitate dash 猛冲. (b) (of an action) done without care or thought; rash2 （指行动）鲁莽的, 未经考虑的, 仓促 的: his precipitate action in selling the property 他变卖财产的草率行为. (c) (of a person) acting without care or thought; impulsive （指人）鲁莽的, 仓促行事的, 感情用事的. precipitately adv. precipitation / prI9sIpI5teIFn; prI9sIpE`teFEn/ n 1 [U] (fml 文) violent haste 迅急; 匆促; 仓促; 鲁莽: to act with precipitation 仓促行事. 2 [U] separation of a solid substance from the liquid in which it is held 沉淀; 淀析. 3 (a) [C] fall of rain, sleet, snow or hail （雨、雨夹雪、雪、雹子 等的）降落: a heavy precipitation 一场大雨（或雨夹雪、雪、雹子）. (b) [U] amount of rain, etc thatfalls in an area 某地区降雨等的量: the annual precipitationof the region 该地区的年降雨量. precipitous / prI5sIpItEs; prI`sIpEtEs/ adj (fml 文) dangerously high or steep 险峻的; 陡峭的: From a precipitous height we looked at the town spread out below. 我们从险峻的高处眺望铺展在下面的 城镇. * a precipitous path down the mountainside 沿山腰而下的一条陡峭的小路* a precipitous climb to the peak 向著陡峭山顶的攀登. precipitously adv: perched precipitously on the edge of the cliff 位于峭壁上的. precis / 5preIsi:; ?@ preI5si:; pre`si/ n [U, C] (pl unchanged 复数不变/ -i:z; -iz/) restatement in shortened form of the main points or ideas of a speech or written text; summary （演说或文章的）摘 要, 大意, 梗慨, 大纲. precis v. [Tn] make a precis of (sth) 作（某事）的摘要; 写（某事）的大纲: precising a scientific report 给一份科学报告写摘要. precise / prI5saIs; prI`saIs/ adj 1 stated clearly andaccurately 叙述清楚而准确的: precise details, instructions, measurements 准确的细节、明确的指示、精确的尺寸* a precise record of events 对事件的准确的记载. 2 [attrib 作定语] exact; particular 精确的; 独特的: at that precise moment 恰在那时* It was found at the precise spot where she had left it. 那东西正好在她遗落的那个地点 找到了. 3 (of a person, his mind, etc) taking care to be exact and accurate, esp about minor details （指人、思想等）精细的, （尤指）一丝不苟的: a precise mind, worker 一丝不苟的头脑、工 作者* 100, or 99.8 to be precise100, 或准确说来是99.8 * (often derog 常作贬义) a man with a very prim and precise (ie too careful or fussy) manner 一个锱铢必较的男子. precisely adv 1 (a) exactly; just 精确地; 恰好: at 2 o'clock precisely 正好在两点钟* I can't remember precisely what happened. 我记不准所发生的事情了. * That is precisely what I mean. 那正是我的 意思. * The two accounts are precisely the same. 这两种说法如出一辙. (b) in a precise(2) manner; carefully 精确地; 细心地: He enunciated the words very precisely. 他吐字非常清楚. 2 (used to express agreement with a statement and often to suggest that it states the obvious 用以表示同意并常 含有当然如此之意) you are right; quite so 对; 的确如此: `But if the delivery is late, we will lose the order!' `Precisely.' ｀可要是不能如期交货, 我们就要失去这笔生意!＇｀的确如此.＇ preciseness n. [U] 1 quality of being precise (1) 准确; 精确; 明确. 2 = precision 1. precision / prI5sIVn; prI`sIVEn/ n [U] 1 (also preciseness) exactness and clarity; quality of being precise(1) 准确（性）; 明确（性）; 精确（性）: Your report lacks precision. 你的报告不够准确. * Aim for more precision in your style. 写东西时要力求准确. 2 accuracy 精密（度）: clockwork precision 无比精确* The diagram had been copied with great precision. 该图表的复制件极精确. * [attrib 作定语] precision timing 恰到好处的时机* precision instruments/tools, ie those designed for very accurate work, measurements, etc 精密仪器[工具]. preclude / prI5klu:d; prI`klud/ v [Tn, Tn.pr, Tsg] ~ sb from doing sth (fml 文) prevent (sth, or sb doing sth); make (sth) impossible 妨碍（某事物）; 阻止（某人做某事）; 使（某事物）行不通: That sale precludes further development on this site. 卖出以后妨碍了这一地点的进一步发展. * Their move does not preclude others from investing. 他们这一行动并不影响其他人进行投资. *These conditions preclude our taking part in the negotiations. 这些条件使我们无法参加谈判. preclusion / prI5klu:Vn; prI`kluVEn/ n [U]. precocious / prI5kEUFEs; prI`koFEs/ adj (a) (of a child) having developed certain abilities at an earlier age than usual （指儿童）在某方面早熟的, 较早具备某种能力的, 超常的: a precocious child who could play the piano at the age of three 三岁就能弹奏钢琴的早慧儿童. (b) (of behaviour, ability, etc) showing this development （指行为、能力等）较早显出的, 超常的: a precocious talent for mimicry 超常的模仿才能* He shows a precocious interest in the opposite sex. 他年纪轻轻就 表现出对异性的兴趣. (c) (derog 贬) (of a child) behaving in a manner more suited to an older person （指儿童）老气的: That child is far too precocious! 那孩子过于老成! precociously adv. precociousness, precocity / prI5kCsEtI; prI`kBsEtI/ ns [U] being precocious （指儿童）早熟, 早慧, 老气. precognition / 9pri:kCg5nIFn; 9prikB-`nIFEn/ n [U] (fml or psychology 文或心) knowledge of sth before it occurs 早知; 预知; 预见. preconceived / 9pri:kEn5si:vd; 9prikEn`sivd/ adj [attrib 作定语] (of an idea, opinion, etc) formed in advance and not based on knowledge or experience （指思想、观点等）事先形成的: Tourists forget their preconceived ideas as soon as they visit our country. 游客访问了我国之后立刻消除了他们的 先入之见. preconception / 9pri:kEn5sepFn; 9prikEn`sZpFEn/ n ~ (about sb/sth) opinion or idea formed in advance and not based on experience or knowledge 事先形成的观点或思想; 先入之见: Common preconceptions about life in this district are increasingly being challenged. 原先普遍存在著对那一 地区生活的成见越来越站不住脚了. Cf 参看 misconception (misconceive). precursor / 9pri:5k\:sE(r); prI`k[sL/ n (fml 文) ~(of sth) 1 person or thing that comes before sth; forerunner 先驱; 先行者; 先兆; 前兆: small disturbances that were precursors of the revolution to come 预示革命将爆发的小规模动乱. 2 machine or invention that is later developed further （机器 或发明物的）初期形式: Thefirst telephone was the precursor of modern communications networks. 最早出现的电话是现代通讯网的雏型. predator / 5predEtE(r); `prZdE9tL/ n 1 animal that kills and eats other animals 捕食其他动物的动 物; 食肉动物: predators of the African grasslands 非洲草原的食肉动物. 2 (derog or joc 贬或谑) person who exploits others, esp financially or sexually 奴役他人者（尤指在财务或性关系方面）: He denounced all landlords and money-lenders as evil predators. 他痛斥所有地主和放债者都是罪恶的 剥削者. predatory / 5predEtrI; ?@ -tR:rI; `prZdE9tRrI/ adj 1 (of animals) (living by) killing other animals for food （指动物）捕食其他动物的, 食肉的: predatory birds 捕食动物的鸟* The domesticated cat retains its predatory instincts. 猫依然保持著捕食动物的天性. 2 (a) (for the purpose of) plundering 掠夺的; 以掠夺为目的的: predatory groups of bandits 抢劫财物的匪帮* a predatory attack 掠夺 性的攻击. (b) (derog or joc 贬或谑) (of a person) wishing to exploit others for financial or sexual reasons （指人）（在财务或性关系方面）企图奴役他人的: predatory advances, attentions, etc 好色 者的勾引、殷勤等* We were pestered by predatory salesmen. 贪心的商人敲了我们竹杠. predecease / 9pri:dI5si:s; 9pridI`sis/ v [Tn] (law 律) die before (sb) 死于（某人）之前: He left all his money to his wife without thinking that she might predecease him. 他把全部金钱都交给了妻子, 而 没有考虑到妻子可能死得比他早. predecessor / 5pri:dIsesE(r); ?@ 5predE-; 9prZdI`sZsL/ n 1 person who held an office or position before sb else （职务或职位的）前任者: The decision was made by my predecessor. 那一决定是我 的前任作出的. 2 thing that has been followed or replaced by sth else 被接继或被取代的事物: Will the new plan be any more acceptable than its predecessors? 新计画比原先的计画更能令人满意 吗? Cf 参看 successor. predestination / 9pri:destI5neIFn; 9pridZstE`neFEn/ n [U]1 (a) theory or belief that everything that happens has been predetermined by God and that man cannot change it 宿命论. (b) destiny that cannot be changed; fate 命运; 造化. 2 doctrine or belief that God has decreed in advance that certain souls will be saved and others will not 得救预定论（认为上帝已预先选定某些灵魂得救, 余 者受咒诅）. predestine / 9pri:5destIn; prI`dZstIn/ v [esp passive 尤用于被动语态: Tn, Cn.t] (fml 文) decide or determine sth (as if) by fate （仿佛）命中注定某事物: It seemed that his failure was predestined. 他 的失败似乎是命中注定的. * She was obviously predestined to succeed. 她显然注定了能成功. * They both felt that they were predestined to spend their lives together. 他们俩都觉得他们注定了要 在一起生活一辈子. predetermine / 9pri:dI5t\:mIn; 9pridI`t[mIn/ v (fml 文) [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] decide or fix (sth) in advance; prearrange 预先决定或确定（某事物）; 事先安排: predetermined behaviour, strategies, responses 既定的行为、策略、答覆 * A person's health is often genetically predetermined. 人的体质通常是由遗传决定的. predetermination / 9pri:dI9t\:mI5neIFn; 9pridI9t[mE`neFEn/ n [U]. predicament / prI5dIkEmEnt; prI`dIkEmEnt/ n difficult or unpleasant situation, esp one in which sb is uncertain what to do （困难的或为难的）处境, 窘况（尤指不知所措者）: Your refusal puts me in an awkward predicament. 你一拒绝让我感到十分为难. * A loan of money would help me out of my predicament. 只需一笔贷款就能帮我摆脱困境. predicate / 5predIkEt; `prZdIkEt/ n (grammar) part of a statement that says sth about the subject, eg `is short' in `Life is short' 谓语（话中对主语进行陈述的部分, 如 Life is short 中的 is short）. Cf 参 看 subject1 4. predicate / 5predIkeIt; `prZdI9ket/ v (fml 文) 1 [Tn, Tf, Tnt] declare or assert that (sth) is the case 宣称或断言（某事物）: predicate a motive to be good 断言某动机是好的* predicate that the market collapse was caused by weakness of the dollar 声称市场价格暴跌是由于美元疲弱而引起的. 2 [Tn.pr esp passive 尤用于被动语态] ~ sth on sth base sth on sth; make sth necessary as a consequence of sth 使某事物依据于另事物; 使某必需的事物成为另事物的结果: The project was predicated on the assumption that the economy was expanding. 这一计画是以经济发展的设想为依 据的. predicative / prI5dIkEtIv; ?@ 5predIkeItIv; `prZdI9ketIv/ adj (grammar) (of an adjective or a noun) coming after a verb such as be, become, get, seem, look （指形容词或名词）用作表语的（即用在 诸如 be、 become 、 get 、 seem、 look 等动词后面的）. Cf 参看 attributive. predicatively adv. predicative adjective adjective used only after be, etc, eg `asleep' as in `She is asleep' 表语形容词（即只能用在 be 等之 后的形容词, 如She is asleep 中的 asleep）. predict / prI5dIkt; prI`dIkt/ v [Tn, Tf, Tw] say in advance that (sth) will happen; forecast 预言（某事 物）将发生; 预报; 预告: The earthquake had been predicted several months before. 这次地震早在 几个月以前就发布了预报. * She predicted that the improvement would continue. 她预测情况将继 续好转. * It is impossible to predict who will win. 要预测出谁将获胜是不可能的. predictable / -Ebl; -Ebl/ adj (a) that can be predicted 可预言的; 可预报的: predictable behaviour, results, weather 可预料的行为、结果、天气. (b) (often derog 常作贬义) (of a person) behaving in a way that can be predicted （指人）举动可以料到的: I knew you'd say that you're so predictable! 我早就知道你会这样说--果不其然! * Opposition to the proposal came from predictablequarters. 对 这项提案的反对意见来自那些早经料到会持反对态度的人. predictability / prI9dIktE5bIlEtI; prI9dIktE`bIlEtI/ n [U]. predictably adv. prediction / prI5dIkFn; prI`dIkFEn/ n 1 [U] (action of) predicting 预言; 预报; 预告. 2 [C] forecast or prophesy 预言; 预报; 预告: Do you take seriously his prediction of a government defeat? 他预料政府要受挫, 你认为这话靠得住吗? predictor n. person, instrument, etc that predicts 进行预测或预报的人、仪器等; 预言者; 预测器. predigest / 9pri:daI5dVest; 9pridaI`dVZst/ v [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] treat (food) so that it is easy to digest 预先处理（食物）（以易于消化）: special predigested food for babies 经特殊处理而 易于消化的幼儿食品 * (fig 比喻) predigested reading matter 经过简写的阅读材料. predilection / 9pri:dI5lekFn; ?@ 9predl5ek-; 9prZdl`ZkFEn/ n (fml 文) ~ (for sth) special liking (for sth); preference （对某事物的）特殊爱好, 偏爱: a predilection for Japanesefood 对日本食物的偏爱. predispose / 9pri:dI5spEUz; 9pridIs`poz/ v (fml 文) 1 [Tn.pr esp passive 尤用于被动语态, Tnt] ~ sb to/towards sth influence sb (in a specified way) in advance 事先（在某方面）影响某人: His early training predisposed him to a life of adventure. 他早年所受的教养使他热衷于冒险活动. * be predisposed in sb's favour, ie be inclined to favour him 偏向某人（因事先受到影响）. 2 [Tn.pr esp passive 尤用于被动语态] ~ sb to sth cause sb to be liable to sth 使某人倾向于某事物; 使某人易患 某病: The inhabitants are predisposed to rheumatism by the damp climate. 因气候潮湿, 居民易患风 湿症. predisposition / 9pri:dIspE5zIFn; 9pridIspE`zIFEn/ n [U, C] ~ (to/towards sth); ~ (to do sth) state of mind or body that makes sb liable to act in a certain way or to suffer from a certain disease 性向; 癖 性; 易患某病之身心素质: a predisposition towards melancholia 易患忧郁症的精神倾向 * a predisposition to rheumatism 易患风湿症的体质* a predisposition to criticize others 喜欢挑人毛 病的癖性. predominant / prI5dCmInEnt; prI`dBmEnEnt/ adj 1 having more power or influence than others 有 势力的; 占优势的: Which country is the predominant member of the alliance? 哪个国家在联盟中 居于支配地位? * The Socialists were predominant in the last Parliament. 在上届国会中社会党人占 优势. 2 most noticeable; prevailing 极其显著的; 盛行的: Her predominant characteristic is honesty. 她最为突出的特点是诚实. predominance / -Ens; -Ens/ n 1 [U, sing] ~ (of sth) state of being greater in strength, numbers, etc （力量、数量等的）优势: the predominance of blue in the colour scheme 在色彩设计中以蓝色为 主* There is a predominance of men in the club. 该俱乐部男人居多. 2 [U] ~ (over sb/sth) state of being more powerful or influential (than sb/sth) 主导或支配（他人[他事物]）的地位: The policy is designed to prevent the predominance of one group over another. 该政策旨在防止一些人压制另一 些人. predominantly adv for the most part; mainly 大多; 主要地: a predominantly English-speaking population 以操英语者为主的居民. predominate / prI5dCmIneIt; prI`dBmE9net/ v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (over sb/sth) have control, power or influence(over sb/sth) 支配, 统治, 左右（某人[某事物]）: A smallgroup has begun to predominate in policy-making. 一小撮人在制定政策中已开始起主导作用. 2 [I] be superior in numbers, strength, etc （在数量、力量等上）占优势: a colour scheme in which red predominates 以红色为主的色彩 设计* Oak-trees predominate in this forest. 这片森林以橡树居多. preen / pri:n; prin/ v [Tn] 1 (of a bird) clean or smooth (its feathers or itself) with its beak （指鸟） 用喙整理（羽毛）. 2 ~ oneself (often derog 常作贬义) (a) (of a person) make oneself look tidy by combing one's hair, etc （指人）（以梳头等动作）打扮自己: preen oneself in front of the mirror 对 著镜子梳妆打扮. (b) congratulate oneself; be pleased with oneself 自我欣赏; 沾沾自喜. pref. ab / 5pri:fAb; ?@ 9pri:5fAb; 9pri`fAb/ n (infml 口) prefabricated house 预制房屋. pref. abricate / 9pri:5fAbrIkeIt; pri`fAbrE9ket/ v [Tn] manufacture (a building, ship, etc) in sections that can be assembled later on a building site, in a shipyard, etc （以预制构件）组装（建筑物、船舶等）: prefabricated kitchens, houses, schools, etc 由预制构件组装的厨房、房屋、校舍等. pref. abrication / 9pri:fAbrI5keIFn;9pri9fAbrI`keFEn/ n [U]. pref. ace / 5prefIs; `prZfIs/ n 1 introductory statement atthe beginning of a book, esp one that explains the author'saims 序言; 前言. Cf 参看 foreword, introduction 2. 2 preliminary part of a speech 开场白; 引语. pref. ace v. [Tn.pr] 1 ~ sth with sth provide sth with a preface(1) 给某书作序: He prefaced the diaries with a short account of how they were discovered. 他给这本日记写了序言, 简述日记发现的经过. 2 ~ sth with sth/by doing sth begin or introduce (a speech, etc) 开始（讲话等）; 作（讲话等的）开场白: She prefaced her talk with an apology/by apologizing for being late. 她先为迟到表示歉意, 然后开 始讲话. pref. atory / 5prefEtrI; ?@ -tR:rI; `prZfE9tRrI/ adj acting as a preface; introductory 作为 开场白的; 作为开端的: after a few prefatory remarks, comments, etc 在几句开场白之后. pref. ect / 5pri:fekt; `prifZkt/ n 1 (esp Brit) any of a group of older pupils in a school who have authority over younger pupils and certain responsibilities for discipline, etc 学生长（中学的校级负有管理或维持纪 律等责任的年长的学生）. 2 (also Prefect) (a) (title of the) chief administrative officer of an area in certain countries, eg France and Japan 某些国家中的地区最高行政长官（如法国的省长和日本的 县长）或其官衔. (b) head of the Paris police 巴黎警察局的局长. pref. ecture / 5pri:fektjUE(r); ?@ -tFEr; `prifZktFL/ n 1 area administrated by a prefect (2) in certain countries, eg France and Japan 某些国家中最高地方官管辖的行政区（如法国的省和日本的县）. 2 (in France) prefect's official place of work or residence （法国的）省长或巴黎警察局长的官署或官邸. 3 position or period of office of a prefect 法国的省长、日本的县长等地区最高行政长官或巴黎警察局长的职位或任期. pref. ectural / pri:5fektFErEl; prI`fZktFErEl/ adj of a prefect(2) 最高地方官的; 巴黎警察局长的: the prefectural offices 省长等最高地方官的官府. pref. er / prI5f\:(r); prI`f[/ v (-rr-) 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tf, Tt, Tnt, Tg, Cn.a] ~ sth (to sth) choose sth rather than sth else; like sth better 选择某事物（而不选择 他事物）; 更喜欢某事物: There's coffee or tea. Which would you prefer? 有咖啡或茶. 你喜欢哪样? * I prefer walking to cycling. 我愿意步行, 不愿意骑自行车. * (fml 文) I should prefer that/prefer it if you did not go there alone. 我倒希望你不要一个人去那里. * She prefers to be alone. 她宁愿独 自一人. * Their father prefers them to be homeearly. 他们的父亲希望他们早点儿回家. * I prefer walkingalone. 我比较喜欢一个人溜达. * I prefer my coffee black. 我爱喝不加奶的咖啡. 2 (idm 习语) prefer a `charge/`charges (against sb) (law 律) make an accusation (against sb) for consideration in a lawcourt （对某人）提出控告: prefer a charge against a motorist 对一个驾驶机动 车的人提出控告* We haven't enough evidence to prefer charges. 我们没有进行起诉的充分证据. pref. erable / 5prefrEbl; `prZfrEbl/ adj (not used with more 不可与more 连用) ~ (to sth/doing sth) to be preferred (to sth); more desirable or suitable （对某事物来说）更可取的, 更称心的, 更适宜 的: Cold food would be preferable in this heat. 在这样的热天吃冷食更好. * He finds country life preferable to living in the city. 他感到在乡村生活比在城市生活要好些. * Anything was preferable to that dreadful din in the house. 这屋子里乱七八糟的声音叫人难受得无以复加. preferably/ 5prefrEblI; `prZfrEblI/ adv rather than anything, anywhere,etc else （较之其他任何事物、处所等） 更可取: She wanteda cake, preferably one with chocolate icing. 她想吃蛋糕, 最好是有巧克力糖衣 的. * They want to buy a new house, near the sea preferably. 他们要购买一所新房子, 最好在海边. pref. erence / 5prefrEns; `prZfrEns/ n 1 (a) [U, sing] ~ (for sth) liking for sth (more than sth else) （与他物相较之）喜爱; 偏爱: There is milk and cream do you have a preference? 有牛奶也有奶 油--你喜欢哪样? * It's entirely a matter of preference. 这完全是个见仁见智的问题. * She has a preference for blue. 她特别喜欢蓝色. (b) [C] thing that is liked better or best 偏爱的事物; 特别爱 好的事物: What are your preferences? 你最喜欢什麽? 2 [U] ~ (to/towards sb) favour shown to one person, group, etc rather than another 优待; 优惠; 优先权: Employees who have worked here for many years will be given preference over newcomers. 与新来乍到者不同, 对那些工作多年的雇员 将予以优待. * She tried not to show preference in her treatment of the children in her care. 她对待她 所照顾的孩子尽可能不厚此薄彼. 3 (idm 习语) in preference to sb/sth rather than sb/sth 而不取 某人[某事物]: She chose to learn the violin in preference to the piano. 她愿学小提琴而不学钢琴. pref. erence shares, preference stock (US preferred shares/stock) ( finance 财) shares/stockon which a firm must pay the dividend before distributing profits to holders of ordinary shares 优先股（可比普 通股之持有者优先分得股息）. pref. erential / 9prefE5renFl; 9prZfE`rZnFEl/ adj 1 of, giving, receiving or showing preference(2) 优先的; 给予优先的; 得到优先的; 优待的: preferential import duties, tariffs, etc, ie favouring a particular group, country, etc 特惠关税（优待某团体、国家等）. 2 (idm 习语) give sb/get preferential `treatment treat sb/be treated more favourably than sb else 偏向某 人[得到优待]: Nobody gets preferential treatment in this office! 本办事处无论对谁均一视同仁! pref. erentially / -FElI; -FElI/ adv: be treated preferentially 得到优先. pref. erment / prI5f\:mEnt; prI`f[mEnt/ n [C, U] (fml 文) promotion to a higher position or rank 晋升: His preferment pleased his many admirers. 他获晋升, 喜欢他的许多人都感到高兴. * He was hoping for preferment. 他希望 获得提升. pref. igure / 9pri:5fIgE(r); ?@ -gjEr; pri`fI-jL/ v (fml 文) 1 [Tn] represent beforehand (sth that will happen in the future); foreshadow 预示（某事物将发生）; 预兆: worrying events that may prefigure a period of economic recession 可能显示要出现一段经济衰退时期的令人担心的情 况. 2 [Tn, Tf, Tw] picture (sth) to oneself beforehand; imagine 设想（某事物）; 想像. pref. ix / 5pri:fIks; `pri9fIks/ n 1 (abbreviated as pref in this dictionary 本词典中略为pref) word or syllable (eg co-, ex-, non-, pre-, re-) placed in front of a word to add to or change the meaning of that word, eg un- in unhappy 前缀（置于单词之前, 以增加或改变其意义的词或音节, 如 co-、 ex-、 non-、 pre-、 re-, 又如 unhappy 中的 un-）. 2 word (eg Dr, Mrs, etc) placed before a person's name as a title （人名前的）称谓（如Dr、 Mrs 等）. Cf 参看suffix. pref. ix / 9pri:5fIks; pri`fIks/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sth) 1 add sth at the beginning or as an introduction 将某事物加在前面: The official prefixed an explanatory note to the list of statistics. 那官员在统计表前加了一段说明文字. 2 add sth as a prefix (to a word, name, etc) （在单词上）加前缀; （在人名前）加称谓. pregnant / 5pregnEnt; `prZ-nEnt/ adj 1 (of a woman or female animal) having a baby or young animal developing in the womb （指妇女或雌性动物）怀孕的, 妊娠的: She was six months pregnant, ie had been pregnant for six months. 她那时已怀有六个月的身孕. * She is/got pregnant by another man. 是另一个男子使她怀孕的. 2 ~ with sth (a) full of sth 充满著某事物的; 富于某事物的: pregnant with joy, meaning, possibilities 洋溢著喜悦之情的、富有意义的、具有各种可能性的. (b) likely to cause sth 可能产生某事物的: pregnant with consequences, danger 可能产生重大影响的、 造成危险的. 3 (idm 习语) a pregnant `pause/`silence pause/silence full of unexpressed meaning or significance 耐人寻味的或意味深长的停顿[沉默]: There was a pregnant pause before she answered my question. 她耐人寻味地停顿了一下才回答我的问题. * His only reaction was a pregnant silence. 他唯一的反应是一阵意味深长的沉默. pregnancy / -nEnsI; -nEnsI/ n (a) [U] state or period of being pregnant(1) 怀孕; 孕期; 妊娠期: discomfort caused by pregnancy 因怀孕而引起的不适* These drugs should not be taken during pregnancy. 这些药物在孕期内不得服用. * [attrib 作定语] a pregnancy test 妊娠试验. (b) [C] instance of being pregnant(1) 怀孕: She's had three pregnancies in four years. 她在四年中怀孕三次. prehensile / 9pri:5hensaIl; ?@ -sl; prI`hZnsl/ adj (of an animal's foot or tail) able to grasp and hold things （指动物的足或尾）能抓物的, 能缠绕东西的: the monkey's prehensile tail 猴子那能缠住 东西的尾巴* the prehensile claws of an eagle 老鹰那能抓住东西的爪. prehistoric / 9pri:hI5stCrIk; ?@ -tR:rIk; 9prihIs`tRrIk/ adj of or concerning the time before recorded history 史前的: prehistoric man, monuments, cave paintings 史前的人类、遗迹、洞穴壁画 * (joc or derog 谑或贬) His ideas on the education of girls are positively prehistoric, ie extremely old-fashioned. 他在女子教育问题上所持的观点是老掉牙的. prehistory / 9pri:5hIstrI; pri`hIstrI/ n 1 [U] (study of the) period before recorded history 史前; 史前 学: European, Mexican, Aboriginal prehistory 欧洲、墨西哥、澳洲土著居民的史前史. 2 [sing] earliest stages ofthe development of sth 某事物的最早发展阶段: the prehistory of Western art 西方 艺术的肇端. prejudge / 9pri:5dVQdV; pri`dVQdV/ v [Tn] 1 make a judgement about (a person or case) before a proper inquiry has been held 对（人或事）未经详察而预作判断: prejudge a matter, issue, client 未 充分了解情况而判断某事、问题、当事人. 2 form an opinion about (sb/sth) without having the necessary information （在缺乏了解的情况下）形成对（某人[某事物]）的看法: He felt he had been prejudged by his colleagues. 他觉得同事们对他怀有成见. prejudgement n. [U, C]. prejudice / 5predVUdIs; `prZdVEdIs/ n 1 (a) [U] opinion, or like or dislike of sb/sth, that is not founded on experience or reason 偏见; 成见: colour/racial prejudice, ie prejudice felt or shown against members of other races 种族偏见* Her friendliness soon overcame the prejudice of her stepchildren. 她很热情, 因而丈夫前妻的孩子很快就消除了对她的偏见. * The selectors were accused of showing prejudice in failing to include him in the team. 有人指责遴选者怀有成见才未吸 收他加入该队. (b) [C] ~ (against/in favour of sb/sth) instance of this 偏见; 成见: In order to succeed here you will need to overcome your prejudices. 你需要消除偏见, 才能在这里获得成功. * She has a prejudice against modern music. 她对现代音乐怀有偏见. * The anthology reveals a prejudice in favour of lyric poets. 这部选集显示出对抒情诗人有所偏爱. 2 (idm 习语) to the prejudice of sth (esp law 尤用于法律) with the result that sb's interests are harmed 损及某人的利益: to theprejudice of sb's rights 有损于某人的权利* The newspaper reported his remarks, to the prejudice of his chances of being elected. 该报报道了他说的话, 这可能对他参加竞选产生不利影响. without `prejudice (to sth) (law 律) without having an effect on an existing right or claim 无损于现有的权益: The firm agreed to pay compensation without prejudice, ie without admitting liability. 公司在未承认 负有责任的情况下同意付给赔偿金. * The offer was accepted without prejudice to the current pay negotiations. 该提议获得接纳, 但对目前正在进行的工资谈判并无影响. prejudice v. 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (against/in favour of sb/sth) cause sb to have a prejudice; influence sb 使某人抱偏见; 影响某人: The judge told the jury that they must not allow their feelings to prejudice them. 法官对陪审团说他们不应该感情用事. * Newspaper gossip had prejudiced her against him. 报上那些不三不四的文章使她对他抱有偏见. * Her charm prejudiced the judges in her favour. 她姿色迷人, 因而评委都偏向她. 2 [Tn] cause harm to (a case, claim, etc); weaken 使 （事情、权益等）受到损害; 削弱: He prejudiced his claim by demanding too much compensation. 他索赔过高反而使他的要求无法实现. * Lack of self-discipline prejudiced her chances of success. 她缺乏自制力对她获得成功有所影响. prejudiced adj. (usu derog 通常作贬义) having or showing prejudice 有偏见的; 有成见的; 偏颇 的; 偏心的: Try not to be prejudiced in your judgements. 你作判断时要尽量做到不存偏见. * She regarded her critics as ignorant and prejudiced. 她认为那些批评她的人既无知又存有偏见. * Since I am his mother, my opinion of him is naturally a prejudiced one. 因为我是他的母亲, 对他的看法 自然是带有偏向的. prejudicial / 9predVU5dIFl; 9prZdVE`dIFEl/ adj ~ (to sth)(fml 文) causing harm (to a person's rights, interests,etc) （对某人的权利、利益等）造成损害的: developmentsprejudicial to the company's future 对公司的未来有不利影响的一些新情况. prelacy / 5prelEsI; `prZlEsI/ n 1 [C] office, rank or see of a prelate 高级教士的职务、级别或地位. 2 the prelacy [Gp] the whole body of prelates 主教或高级教士（总称）; 主教或高级教士团. prelate / 5prelEt; `prZlEt/ n high-ranking clergyman, eg a bishop or an archbishop 高级教士（如主教 或大主教）. prelim / 5pri:lIm; `pri9lIm/ n (infml 口) 1 [C usu pl ] preliminary examination 初试; 预考. 2 prelims [pl] pages of a book (with the title, contents, etc) that come before the text 正文前的书页（包 括书名、目录等）. preliminary / prI5lImInErI; ?@ -nerI; prI`lImE9nZrI/ adj ~ (to sth) coming before a more important action or event; preparatory （作为某一重要行动或事情的）开端的; 预备性的: after a few preliminary remarks 在几句开场白之后* preliminary inquiries, experiments, negotiations 初步的调 查、实验、谈判 * (sport 体) a preliminary contest, heat, round, etc, ie held before a main contest in order to eliminate weaker players or teams 预赛、初赛、选拔赛* All this is preliminary to the main election struggle. 这一切都只是进行大选较量的预选活动. preliminary n. (usu pl 通常作复数) preliminary action, event, measure, etc 初步的行动、事件、 措施等: the necessary preliminaries to a peace conference, eg the discussions about agenda and procedures 为召开和平会议而举行的必要的筹备会. prelude / 5prelju:d; `prZljud/ n 1 ~ (to sth) (a) action or event that happens before another larger or more important one and forms an introduction to it （行动或事件的）序幕, 前奏: His frequent depressions were the prelude to a complete mental breakdown. 他经常抑郁寡欢, 后来精神完全崩 溃了. * The bankruptcy of several small firms was the prelude to general economic collapse. 几家小 商行倒闭了, 随之而来的是经济大萧条. * I'm afraid that these troubles are just a prelude, ie to worse ones. 我看这些为难事只是个引子（大问题在后面）. (b) introductory part of a poem, etc （诗 等的）序: The lines form a prelude to his long narrative poem. 这几行诗是他那长篇叙事诗的序诗. 2 (music 音) (a) introductory movement coming before a fugue or forming the first part of a suite 前 奏曲. (b) short piece of music of a similar type 类似上述乐曲之小段. premarital / 9pri:5mArItl; pri`mArEtl/ adj happening before marriage 婚前的: premarital sex, affairs, etc 婚前的性行为、风流韵事等. premature / 5premEtjUE(r); ?@ 9pri:mE5tUEr; 9primE`tJr/ adj 1 (a) happening before the proper or expected time 提前的; 过早的; 未到期的: premature baldness, senility 早秃、早衰* A fire in the gallery caused the premature closing of the exhibition. 在美术陈列室里发生的火灾迫使展览会提 前结束. (b) (of a baby, its birth, etc) born or occurring at least three weeks before the expected time （指婴儿、其出生等）早产的（比预产期至少提前三周）: the special care of premature babies 对 早产婴儿的特别护理* The baby was five weeks premature. 这个婴儿是提早五周生下来的. 2 ~ (in doing sth) (derog 贬) acting or done too soon; hasty 赶做的; 仓促的: a premature conclusion, decision, judgement, etc 草率作出的结论、决定、判决等* Let's not be premature in closing this case, eg in a police investigation. 咱们先别急于结案（如刑事调查）. > prematurely adv: born prematurely 早产的* prematurely bald, grey, wrinkled, etc 早秃的、早白的、过早起皱纹的. premeditate / 9pri:5medIteIt; prI`mZdE9tet/ v [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] plan (sth) in advance 预先计画（某事物）; 预谋: a premeditated attack, murder, insult, etc 有预谋的攻击、凶 杀、冒犯行为等* We needed to know whether the crime had been premeditated. 我们需要知道的 是这一犯罪行为是否经过事先策画. premeditation / 9pri:medI5teIFn; 9primZdE`teFEn/ n [U]. premenstrual tension / 9pri:9menstrUEl 5tenFn; pri`mZnstrJEl `tZnFEn/ (abbr 缩写 PMT) mental and physiologicalupset caused by hormonal changes occurring before menstruation 月经之前的紧张. premier / 5premIE(r); ?@ 5pri:mIEr; `primIL/ adj [attrib 作定语] first in importance, position, etc （重要性、位置等方面）第一的, 首位的: Britain's premier exporter of drilling equipment 英国全 国最大钻机出口商* The company has achieved a premier position in the electronics field. 该公司 执电子行业之牛耳. premier n. head of a government; prime minister 首相; （政府）总理. premiership [U] position or period of office of a premier 首相或总理的职位或任期: during her premiership 在她担任首相期间 * He was offered the premiership. 他被任命为总理. premiere / 5premIeE(r); ?@ prI5mIEr; prI`mIr/ n first public performance of (a production of) a play or showing of a film; first night （戏剧或电影的）首次公演, 首次公演之夜场. premiere v. [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] perform (a play) or show (a film) to the public for the first time 首次公演（戏剧或电影）: The film was premiered at the Cannes festival. 该影片是在戛 纳电影节上首次放映的. premise (also premiss) / 5premIs; `prZmIs/ n 1 statement or idea on which reasoning is based; hypothesis （推理所依据的）前提; 假定: Advice to investors was based on the premise that interest rates would continue to fall. 给予投资者的建议是以利率将继续下降这一点为前提的. 2 (in logic) each of the first two parts (major premise and minor premise) of a forward argument （逻辑学中的） （大小）前提: If the major premise is `Boys like fruit' and the minor premise is `You are a boy', then the conclusion is `Therefore you like fruit'. 设若大前提为｀男孩儿爱吃水果＇, 小前提为｀你是男 孩儿＇, 则结论为｀所以你爱吃水果＇. Cf 参看 syllogism. premises / 5premIsIz; `prZmIsIz/ n [pl] 1 house or other buildings with its outbuildings, land, etc （包括附属建筑、土地等在内的）房屋或其他建筑物: business premises, ie building(s), esp offices, where a business is carried on 事务所* The firm is looking for larger premises. 该公司正在寻找较 大的经营场址. * He was asked to leave the premises immediately. 人家要他立刻离开该建筑物. 2 (law 律) details of property, names of people, etc specified in the first part of a legal agreement 契据 之缘起部分（记述财产之详情、当事人姓名等）. 3 (idm 习语) off the `premises outside the boundary of the premises(1) 在建筑物范围以外: see sb off the premises, ie take a visitor, etc to the exit 把某人送出大门（送客）. on the `premises in the building (s), etc 在建筑物等内: There is always a manager on the premises. 事务所里总有一名主管人员. * Alcohol may not be consumed on the premises. 场内不准饮酒. premium / 5pri:mIEm; `primIEm/ n 1 amount or instalment (to be) regularly paid for an insurance policy 保险费: Your first premium is now due. 你的第一期保险费现已到期. 2 additional payment, eg one added to wages or interest payments; bonus 额外费用; 津贴; 奖金; 花红: A premium of 2 per cent is paid on long-term investments. 对投资期限较长者可获百分之二的奖励. * You have to pay a premium for express delivery. 你得支付特快投递的补加费用. * [attrib 作定语] Premium rents are charged in the city centre. 市中心要收取额外的租金. 3 (idm 习语) at a `premium (a) (finance 财) (of stocks and shares) above the normal or usual value （指公债和股票）超过正常或市 面的价值; 溢价: Shares are selling at a premium. 股票溢价出售. (b) rare or difficult to obtain, and therefore more expensive or more highly valued than usual 因稀少或难得而较之一般昂贵或宝贵: Space is at a premium in this building. 在这个建筑物里场地面积十分昂贵. * Honesty is at a premium in this profession, I'm afraid! 依我看, 干这一行诚实的人实在难得! put a premium on sb/sth (a) make (sb/sth) seem important 使（某人[某事物]）受到重视: The high risk of infection puts a premium on the use of sterile needles. 由于受感染的风险很大, 无菌注射针的使用受到了重视. (b) attach special value or importance to sb/sth 高度评价某人[某事物]: The examiners put a premium on rational argument. 评委们对以理服人的论据给以高度评价. Premium Bond ( Brit) government savings bond that pays no interest1(7) but offers instead the chance of winning money as a prize in a monthly draw1(1b) 有奖储蓄公债（以每月进行抽奖代替付 息）. premonition / 9pri:mE5niFn, 9prem-; 9primE`nIFEn, 9prZm-/ n ~ (of sth/that...) feeling that sth unpleasant is going to happen （不祥的）预感: a premonition of disaster 大祸临头的预感 * My premonition was right. 我的预感应验了. * As we approached the house, I had a premonition that something terrible had happened. 我们走近这所房子时, 我预感到出事了. premonitory / prI5mCnItErI; ?@ -tR:rI; prI`mBnE9tRrI/ adj (fml 文) giving a warning 给予警告的: premonitory signs 警告的信号. preoccupation / 9pri:CkjU5peIFn; pri9BkjE`peFEn/ n 1 [U] (a) state of being preoccupied; absent-mindedness 占据思想; 心不在焉. (b) ~ (with sth) state of constantly thinking or worrying about sth; obsession 全神贯注; 苦思苦想; 缠在心头; 如痴如迷: She found his preoccupation with money irritating. 她发觉他心里只有钱, 感到很生气. 2 [C] thing that a person thinks about all the time 心里总想著的事物; 耿耿于怀的事物: His main preoccupation at that time was getting enough to eat. 他那时盘算的是如何填饱肚子. * A pension is not usually one of the preoccupations of an eighteen year-old! 一个十八岁的人通常是不会老惦著养老金的! preoccupy / pri:5CkjUpaI; pri`BkjE9paI/ v (pt, pp -pied) [Tn] engage (sb or his mind, thoughts, etc) so that he cannot think of other things; obsess 占据（某人）思想; 使（某人）心无二用; 迷住: Something seems to be preoccupying her at the moment. 她此刻若有所思. * Health worries preoccupied him for the whole holiday. 整个假期里他一直为健康状况而担忧. preoccupied adj. inattentive because one is thinking of or worrying about sth else 心不在焉的; 心 事重重的: She seemed preoccupied all the time I was talking to her. 我跟她讲话时她始终显得心事 重重. * He answered me in a rather preoccupied manner. 他心不在焉地回答我. prep. / prep; prZp/ n (infml 口) 1 [C, U] (Brit) (esp in private boarding schools 尤用于私立寄宿学校) (a) school work (to be) done after lessons; homework 课外作业; 家庭作业. (b) time when this is (to be) done 做课 外作业的时间: He felt ill during prep. 他在做课外作业时觉得身体不舒服. 2 (US) student in a preparatory school 预科学校的学生. prep. school = preparatory school (preparatory). preparation / 9prepE5reIFn; 9prZpE`reFEn/ n 1 [U] preparing or being prepared 预备; 准备: You can't pass an exam without preparation. 不准备就考不及格. * The preparation of the meals is your job. 做饭是你分内之事. * [attrib 作定语] Food preparation areas must be kept clean. 制作食物的 场所应保持清洁. 2 [C usu pl 通常作复数] ~ (for sth/to do sth) thing done to prepare for sth 准备 工作; 准备措施: The country is making preparations for war/to go to war. 该国正进行备战[准备打 仗]. * Was your education a good preparation for your career? 你所受的教育是否为你的事业打下 了良好的基础? 3 [C] substance that has been specially prepared for use as a cosmetic, medicine, etc 适合于某一用途如化妆、医药等的）配制品: a pharmaceutical preparation 药剂* a preparation for hiding/to hide skin blemishes 肤斑遮盖霜. 4 [C, U] (Brit) = prep 1. 5 (idm 习语) in preparation (for sth) being prepared (for sth) （为某事物）作好准备: The advertising campaign is still in preparation. 广告宣传攻势仍在准备中. * They've sold their house and car in preparation for leaving the country. 他们卖掉了房子和汽车准备出国. preparatory / prI5pArEtrI; ?@ -tR:rI; prI`pArE9tRrI/ adj preparing for sth; introductory 准备的; 预 备的; 筹备的: preparatory investigations, measures, training 为准备做某事而进行的调查、而采取 的措施、而进行的训练. preparatory school (also infml 口语作 `prepschool) 1 (Brit) private school for pupils aged between7 and 13 whose parents pay fees for their education 私 立小学. Cf 参看public school (public). 2 (US) (usu private) school that prepares students for college （通常为私立的）大学预科学校. prepare / prI5peE(r); prI`pZr/ v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.t] ~ (sb/sth) (for sb/sth) get or make (sb/sth) ready 使（某人）有准备; 把（某事物）准备好; 预备: I had no time in which to prepare. 我已来 不及做准备了. * prepare for trouble 准备应付麻烦事* prepare a meal, ie get food ready to be eaten 预备饭菜* have everything prepared beforehand 事先把一切都准备好* prepare children for an examination 指导儿童准备考试* The troops were being prepared for battle/to go into battle. 部队 已作好战斗准备[已准备好投入战斗]. 2 (idm 习语) be prepared for sth be ready for sth (esp sth unpleasant) 对某事物（尤指令人不愉快者）作好准备: I knew there were problems, but I was not prepared for this! 我知道有些问题, 却未料到这一点! * She was prepared for anything to happen. 她已准备好应付一切. be prepared to do sth be able and willing to do sth 能够并愿意做某事: I am prepared to lend you the money if you promise to pay it back. 我愿意把钱借给你, 你得答应还给我. * I am not prepared to stay and listen to these outrageous insults. 我可不愿意在这儿受这种奇耻大 辱. prepare the ground (for sth) make it possible or easier to develop sth 为发展某事物准备了条件: Early experiments with military rockets prepared the ground for space travel. 早期进行的军用火箭 试验为宇航事业的发展打下了基础. 3 (phr v) prepare sb for sth cause sb to expect sth (esp sth unpleasant) 使某人对某事物（尤指令人不愉快者）有所准备: Prepare yourself for a nasty shock! 有 件令人十分震惊的事, 你要有所准备! preparedness / prI5peErIdnIs; prI`pZrIdnIs/ n [U] being prepared 有所准备: a state of preparedness 有准备的状态. prepay / 9pri:5peI; pri`pe/ v (pt, pp prepaid / -5peId;-`ped/) [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] pay (sth) in advance 预先支付（某费用）; 预付: a prepaid envelope, ie one on which the postage has already been paid 邮资已付的信封* The telegram was sent reply prepaid. 电报已发出并已预付覆 电费用. prepayment n. [C, U]. preponderant / prI5pCndErEnt; prI`pBndErEnt/ adj (fml 文) greater in influence, importance, quantity, etc（影响力、重要性、数量等方面）处于上风的, 占优势的: Melancholy is the preponderant mood of the poem. 忧郁的感情是该诗的基调. preponderance /-Ens; -Ens/ n [sing]: a preponderance of blue-eyed people in the population 蓝眼睛的 人占居民的大多数. preponderantly adv: preponderantly optimistic 乐观主义占了上风的. preponderate / prI5pCndEreIt; prI`pBndE9ret/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (over sth) (fml 文) be greater in influence, importance, quantity, etc (than sth else) （在影响力、重要性、数量等方面较其他事物）处于上 风, 占优势: Christians preponderate in the population of that part of the country. 基督教徒在该国那 一地区的人口中居多. preposition / 9prepE5zIFn; 9prZpE`zIFEn/ n (grammar) (abbreviated as prep in this dictionary 本词 典中略作prep) word or group of words (eg in, from, to, out of, on behalf of) used esp before a noun or pronoun to show place, position, time, method, etc 介词（包括复合介词, 尤用于名词或代词前, 表示处所、位置、时间、方法等, 如 in、 from、 to、 out of 、on behalf of）. prepositional / -FEnl; -FEnl/ adj of or containing a preposition 介词的; 含介词的. prepositional phrase preposition and the noun or noun phrase that follows it, eg in the night, after breakfast 介词词组（介 词连同其后的名词或名词词组, 如in the night 、 after breakfast）. prepossessing / 9pri:pE5zesIN; 9pripE`zZsIN/ adj makinga good impression; attractive 给人良好印 象的; 有吸引力的: a prepossessing smile, manner, child 讨人喜欢的微笑、举止、孩子 * He/His appearance is not at all prepossessing. 他[他的外表]毫无吸引力. preposterous / prI5pCstErEs; prI`pBstErEs/ adj completely contrary to reason or common sense; absurd or outrageous 完全违背理性或常识的; 荒谬的; 反常的; 愚蠢的; 无法容忍的: That is a Oxford Dictionary Translation memory software company ForeignDesk, Okapi Framework, OmegaT, Transolution, AidTransStudio, Cafetran, Déjà Vu (DVX), Heartsome Translation Suite, MemoQ, MetaTexis, Rainbow, SDLX, SDL, STAR Transit, Trados, SDL Trados, Wordfast, WordFisher, Similis, Open Language Tools http://www.transgood.com