TransGood-Translation memory software Trados, SDL, ForeignDesk, Wordfast, WordFisher, Déjà Vu (DVX), 译佳计算机辅助翻译软件, 雅信CAT TransGood, TransMemory, Translation Software Tools, Computer-assisted translation, computer-aided translation, CAT, machine-aided translation, Translation memory software, Terminology management software, Alignment software, Software localization tools, ?bersetzung Software, Logiciels de traduction, Software di traduzione, Traducción de Software, Mémoire de traduction, Tradu??o memória, Memoria de traducción, Memoria di traduzione, Перевод Software, ForeignDesk, Okapi Framework, OmegaT, Transolution, AidTransStudio, Cafetran, Déjà Vu (DVX), Heartsome Translation Suite, MemoQ, MetaTexis, Rainbow, SDLX, SDL, STAR Transit, Trados, SDL Trados, Wordfast, WordFisher, Similis, Open Language Tools, 翻訳ソフトウェア, 翻訳メモリ, 翻译软件 辅助翻译软件 计算机辅助翻译软件 人工智能翻译 翻译工具 专业翻译软件 翻译记忆软件 塔多思 Trados SDL WordFast 雅信CAT 翻译公司 牛津词典 Oxford Dictionary preposterous accusation! 那样的指责简直荒谬可笑! * They are asking a preposterous price for the work. 他们为该作品漫天要价. preposterously adv: That is a preposterously high price! 那价格高得出奇! prerequisite / 9pri:5rekwIzIt; pri`rZkwEzIt/ adj ~ (for/to sth) (infml 口) required as a condition (for sth) 必备的; 作为先决条件的: A degree is prerequisite for employment at this level. 必须具备大专 院校的学位才能从事这一级的工作. * A sense of humour is prerequisite to understanding her work. 要理解她的作品就必须具有幽默感. prerequisite (also pre-condition) n. ~ (for/of sth) thing required as a condition for sth to happen or exist 必备条件; 先决条件; 前提: Careful study of the market is a prerequisite for success. 仔细研 究市场情况是取得成功的先决条件. * Good muscles are one of the prerequisites of physical fitness. 肌肉发达是身体健康的一个必备条件. prerogative / prI5rCgEtIv; prI`rB-EtIv/ n right or privilege, esp one belonging to a particular person or group 权利;（尤指）特权: It is the Prime Minister's prerogative to decide when to call an election. 决 定大选的日期是首相的职权. * A monarch has the prerogative of pardoning criminals. 君主享有对 罪犯的赦免权. * the,royal prerogative, ie (in Britain), the (theoretical) right of the sovereign to act without the approval of Parliament 皇家的特权（在英国, 指国君名义上享有的不经议会认可而采 取行动的权利）. pre- pref. 前缀(used fairly widely with vs, ns, adjs and advs 与大量动词、名词、形容词、副 词连用) before 在...前; 先于: pre-cook * prefabricate * pre-medication * pre-Christian * prematurely. Cf 参看 ante-, post-. Pres abbr. 缩写= President: Pres (Ronald) Reagan （罗纳德·）里根总统. presage / 5presIdV; `prZsIdV/ n (fml 文) (a) sign that sth (esp sth unpleasant) will happen; omen 预 兆; 兆头; （尤指）恶兆, 凶兆. (b) feeling that sth unpleasant will happen; presentiment （不祥的） 预感; 预知. presage / 5presIdV, rarely 罕读作prI5seIdV; prI`sedV/ v [Tn] be a sign of (sth that will happen); foretell 预示; 预言: Those clouds presage a storm. 那样的密云预示著暴风雨将要来临. Presbyterian / 9prezbI5tIErIEn; 9prZzbE`tIrIEn/ adj (of a Church, esp of the national Church of Scotland) governed by elders (`presbyters) who are all equal in rank （指基督教教会, 尤指苏格兰国 立教会）长老制的. Cf 参看 episcopal. Presbyterian n. person who is a member of the Presbyterian Church 长老会教友. Presbyterianism / -IzEm; -9IzEm/ n [U] 1 beliefs of Presbyterians 长老会教义. 2 Presbyterian system of church government 长老制. presbytery / 5prezbItrI; ?@ -terI; `prZzbE9tZrI/ n 1 (regional) administrative court of the Presbyterian Church （基督教长老会的）教务评议会; 长老区会. 2 house where a Roman Catholic parish priest lives 天主教堂区神甫的居所. 3 (in a church) eastern part of the chancel beyond the choir; sanctuary （教堂内的）司祭席, 内殿. prescient / 5presIEnt; `prZsIEnt/ adj (fml 文) knowing about things before they take place; able to see into the future 有先见之明的; 能预知未来的. prescience /-Ens; -Ens/ n [U]. prescribe / prI5skraIb; prI`skraIb/ v (fml 文) 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (for sth) advise or order the use of (esp a medicine, remedy, etc) 建议或吩咐采用（尤指药物、疗法等）; 开（药方）: She prescribed some pills to help me to sleep. 她让我吃些药片以利睡眠. * Do not exceed the prescribed dose, ie quantity of medicine to be taken at one time. 勿超过规定剂量（药物的一次用量）. * Ask the doctor to prescribe something for that cough. 请医生开点咳嗽药. * (fig 比喻) The doctor prescribed a holiday as the best cure for his depression. 医生认为要治好他的抑郁症最好是去度假. * a prescribed text, ie one that has to be studied, eg for an examination 指定学习的课文（如为应试）. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tf, Tw] declare with authority that (sth) should be done or is a rule to be followed 规定做 （某事）; 指定遵守（某事物）: The law prescribes heavy penalties for this offence. 法律规定对这 种不法行为从严惩处. * Police regulations prescribe that an officer's number must be clearly visible. 警员条例要求执行职务者的号码标志必须清楚易见. * Army regulations prescribe how rifles must be carried. 军规中对持枪方式有明文规定. =>Usage at decree 用法见decree. prescript / 5pri:skrIpt; `priskrIpt/ n (fml 文) law, rule or command 法律; 规章; 命令. prescription / prI5skrIpFn; prI`skrIpFEn/ n 1 [C] (a) doctor's written instruction for the composition and use of a medicine 处方; 药方: The doctor gave me a prescription for pain-killers. 医生给我开了 个止痛药方. * (fig 比喻) His prescription for economic recovery was not well received. 他为使经济 复苏提出的对策反应不佳. (b) medicine prescribed in this way 处方上开的药: The chemist made a mistake when making up the prescription. 药剂师配错了药. * [attrib 作定语] prescription charges, ie (in Britain) money to be paid by the patient for drugs supplied on the National Health Service 处方 收费（在英国指病人为获得国民保健署所提供的药品而缴纳的费用）. 2 [U] action of prescribing 开处方: The prescription of drugs is a doctor's responsibility. 开药方是医生的职责 prescriptive / prI5skrIptIv; prI`skrIptIv/ adj (fml 文)1 (a) making rules or giving orders or directions 规定的; 指定的; 规范的: prescriptive teaching methods 规定的教学法. (b) (grammar) telling people how they ought to use a language （在指导语言运用方面）规定性的, 规范性的: a prescriptive grammar of the English language 英语规范语法. Cf 参看 descriptive 2. 2 made legal or acceptable by long-standing custom 因长期使用而合法或认可的; 约定俗成的: prescriptive rights 因时效而获得的权利. prescriptively adv. presence / 5prezns; `prZzns/ n 1 [U] being present in a place 出席; 在场; 存在: The dogs were trained to detect the presence of explosives. 那些狗是训练来查寻爆炸物的. * Your presence is requested at the shareholders' meeting. 敬请您出席股东会议. * Her presence during the crisis had a calming effect. 在危难中有了她就稳定了人心. Cf 参看 absence. 2 [U, sing] (approv 褒) person's way of standing, moving, etc, esp as it affects other people 仪态; （尤指）风度: a man of great presence 潇洒的男子* The power of his stage presence could never be forgotten. 他的舞台表 演才能令人难忘. 3 [C] person or thing that is or seems to be present in a place （似乎）在场的人 或事物: There seemed to be a ghostly presence in the room. 屋里像是有个鬼似的. 4 [sing] number of eg soldiers or policemen in a place for a special purpose （执行某种使命的）一群在场人员（如 军警等）: a massive police presence at the meeting 大会期间在场的大批警察* The United Nations maintains a military presence in the area. 联合国在该地区驻有军队. 5 (idm 习语)be admitted to sb's presence => admit. in the presence of sb/in sb's presence in the place where sb is; with sb there 当 著某人; 有某人在场: He made the accusation in the presence of witnesses. 他在有见证人在场的情 况下提出了控告. * She asked them not to discuss the matter in her presence. 她请求他们不要当著 她讨论这个问题. make one's `presence felt make others aware of one's presence or existence by the strength of one's personality, one's superior ability, etc 凭本身的实力、长处等使别人注意自己: The new chairman is certainly making his presence felt! 那位新任主席确是在突出自己! ,presence of `mind ability to remain calm and act quickly and sensibly in a crisis 危难中镇定自若; 遇事不慌: The child showed great presence of mind by grabbing the falling baby. 那孩子毫不慌张一把抓住了 摔下的婴儿. present / 5preznt; `prZznt/ adj 1 [pred 作表语] ~ (at sth) (a) (of a person) being in the place in question （指人）出席, 在场: Were you present when the news was announced? 宣布那消息时你在 场吗? * The mistake was obvious to all (those) present. 所有（那些）在场者一眼就看出那个错误. * Everybody present welcomed the decision. 出席的人都欢迎那个决议. * There were 200 people present at the meeting. 有200 人到会. (b) ~ (in sth) being in a place, substance, etc 存在的; 含有的: He suspected that a leak was present somewhere along the pipe. 他猜疑管道里什麽地方漏了. * Analysis showed that cocaine was present in the mixture. 分析的结果表明混合物中含有可卡因. Cf 参看 absent1. 2 [attrib 作定语] existing or happening now 现存的; 现有的: the present difficulties, problems, uncertainties, etc 目前存在的困难、问题、不稳定性等 * the present administration, government, council, etc 现在的行政当局、政府、政务委员会等* the present climate of opinion 当前的舆论* You can't use it in its present condition. 照它目前这种情形, 是无 法使用的. 3 [attrib 作定语] now being considered, dealt with or discussed 正在考虑、处理或讨 论中的: the present proposal for increasing taxation 正在讨论中的增税提案. 4 (idm 习语) present company ex`cepted/excepting present `company (used as a polite comment when making a critical remark 用作发表批评性言论时的礼貌用语) what I am saying does not apply to you 我不是指在座 的诸位: People seem to have drunk far too much tonight, present company excepted of course. 今晚 大家似乎喝酒喝得太多了, 当然在座的各位除外. the ,present `day the present age; modern times 当今; 现今: After being taken back 200 years, we were suddenly returned to the present day. 我们刚 才还处在200 年前的历史场景之中, 一下子又回到了现在.* [attrib 作定语] ,present-day `attitudes, con`ditions, `fashions 现时的态度、条件、流行款式. on `present form (of a judgement) based on sb/sth's previous and/or current actions, behaviour, progress, etc （指评价）基于某人[某事物]先前 的和[或]现时的行动、行为、进步等的: He would not be elected on present form. 鉴于他的现时 表现, 他不可能当选. present n. 1 the present [sing] (a) the time nowpassing; the present time 当前; 目前: the past, the presentand the future 过去、现在和未来* Historical romances offer an escape from the present. 沉 浸于历史传奇故事藉以逃避现实. (b) (grammar) = present tense. 2 (idm 习语) at `present at this time; now 此刻; 现在: I'm afraid I can't help you just at present I'm too busy. 很抱歉, 我现在帮不 了你--实在太忙了. ,by these `presents (law 律) by this document 根据此文件. for the moment/present => moment. no time like the present => time1. present participle ( grammar) form of the verb that ends in -ing, eg going, having, swimming 现在 分词（以-ing 结尾的动词形式, 如going 、 having 、 swimming）.,present `tense (grammar) one of the verb tenses (eg present, present continuous, present perfect) that express an action or state in the present at the time of speaking 现在时态（动词时态之一, 表示说话此时的动作或状态, 如一般现 在时态、现在进行时态、现在完成时态）: The verb is in the present tense. 这个动词使用的是现 在时态. Cf 参看 past1 4. present / 5preznt; `prZznt/ n 1 thing given or received as a gift 礼物; 赠品: wedding, Christmas, birthday, etc presents 结婚、圣诞、生日等礼物* This book was a present from my brother. 这本 书是哥哥赠送给我的. 2 (idm 习语) make sb a present of sth give sth to sb as a gift 将某物赠送给 某人: He admired my old typewriter so much, I made him a present of it. 他非常喜欢我的旧打字机, 所以我就送给他了. * (ironic 反语) Let's not make our opponents a present of any goals, ie allow them to score easily. 咱们别给对方送分（别让他们轻易得分）. present / prI5zent; prI`zZnt/ v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.pr] ~ sb with sth; ~ sth (to sb) give or hand over sth to sb, esp formally at a ceremony 将某物赠予或交给某人; （尤指在仪式上）授予: Colleagues presented the retiring chairman with a cheque/presented a cheque to the retiring chairman. 同事们把 一张支票交给退休的主席. * They presented a sum of money to the college in memory of their son. 他们向学院赠送了一笔款项以纪念他们的儿子. 2 [Tn, Dn.pr] ~ sb (to sb) introduce (sb) formally, esp to sb of higher rank, status, etc 正式介绍, 引见（某人）（尤指向级别、地位等较高的人）: May I present my new assistant (to you). 请允许我（向你）介绍我的新助手. * The custom of young ladies being presented at court (ie formally introduced to the monarch) has disappeared. 年轻女子被举荐入 宫（觐见君主）的风俗已不复存在. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.pr] ~ sth (for sth); ~ sth (to sb) offer sth for consideration 将某事物提请考虑: a well- presented analysis 条理清楚的分析报告* present one's designs for approval/consideration 提出自己的计画呈请批准[考虑] * They presented a petition to the governor. 他们向总督递交了一份请愿书. * She presented (ie argued) her case to the committee. 她提出了自己的理由供委员们考虑. 4 [Tn, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) (fml 文) offer sth 提出某事物: present one's apologies, compliments, greetings, etc (to sb) （向某人）致歉、致意、致以问候. 5 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ oneself (for sth) (of a person) appear or attend （指人）出现, 出席: You will be asked to present yourself for interview. 将要求你到场面试. * I have to present myself in court on 20 May. 我须于5 月20 日出庭. (b) [Tn, Dn.pr] ~ itself (to sb) (of an opportunity, a solution, etc) show itself (to sb); occur （指机会、解决办法等）（对某人）显露, 产生: A wonderful opportunity suddenly presented itself. 突然有了个绝妙的机会. * The answer presented itself to him when he looked at the problem again. 那问题他再一考虑, 答案就在眼前. 6 [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.pr] ~ sb with sth; ~ sth (to sth)show or reveal sth to sb 向某人显示某事物: This job presents many difficulties to the new recruit. 这件工作 对新手来说困难重重. * Falling interest rates present the firm with a new problem. 利息一下降给公 司带来了一个新的问题. 7 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (for sth) offer (a bill or cheque) in order to be paid 提 交, 交付（票据或支票）: Has the builder presented his bill yet? 营造商把帐单送来了吗? * The cheque was presented for payment on 21 March. 这张支票是在3 月21 日兑现的. 8 [Tn] (a) show (eg a play) to the public 公演（戏剧等）: The NationalTheatre presents `Hamlet' in a new production. 国家剧院上演新戏《哈姆雷特》. (b) cause (eg an actor) to perform in public 使（演员等）演出: Starlight Productions present the Chinese Children's Choir in concert. 星光剧团主办中国儿童合唱 团演出音乐会. (c) introduce (a performance) to an audience in the theatre or (a programme) on radio or television （在剧院中）主持上演（节目）; （在广播或电视中）主持播出（节目）: Who will present his show (eg on television) while he's away? 他不在场时, 将由谁主持播放他的节目（如电 视节目）? * Our review of this week's papers is presented by the editor of `The Times'. 我们的本周报 纸要闻回顾由《时代》周刊编辑主持. 9 [Tn] hold (a rifle, etc) upright in front of the body as a salute 举（枪枝等）表示敬意: Present arms! 举枪敬礼! * The soldiers were ordered to present arms. 士兵们奉命举枪致敬. present n. [sing] upright position of a weapon in a salute 敬礼时枪枝竖举的位置: rifles at the present, ie with the weapon held in an upright positon 枪枝竖举著. presenter n. (esp on radio or television) person who presents (present3 8c) a programme （尤指广播 或电视）节目主持人. presentable / prI5zentEbl; prI`zZntEbl/ adj fit to appear or be shown in public 拿得出去的; 像样的; 体面的: He's got dozens of suits but not one of them is presentable. 他有几十套衣服, 却没有一套 像样的. * I must go and make myself presentable before the guests arrive. 趁客人没到, 我得去打扮 得像点样子. * (approv 褒) She was seen at the opera with an extremely presentable escort. 她出现 在歌剧院里, 有个十分体面的人陪伴著她. presentably / -EblI; -EblI/ adv: He was dressed quite presentably for a change. 他为了变化变化, 穿得相当体面. presentation / 9prezn5teIFn; ?@ 9pri:zen-; 9prizZn`teFEn/ n 1 [U] (a) presenting or being presented 赠送; 引见; 提出; 出席; 显示; 演出; 举枪致敬: They are preparing for the presentation of a new musical. 他们正准备上演新的歌舞喜剧. * The cheque is payable on presentation, ie at the bank. 本 支票见票即付. (b) way in which sth is presented 赠送、引见、提出、出席、显示、演出等的 方式: The presentation of the material was untidy. 所提交的资料缺乏条理. * She needs to improve her presentation of the arguments. 她需要改进阐述其论点的方式. 2 [C] (a) thing presented 所赠 送、引见、提出、显示、演出等的事物: We went to the premiere of their new presentation. 我 们去观看了他们的新剧目的首场演出. (b) gift, esp one given at a formal ceremony 赠品; 礼物; （尤指经仪式）授予之物: We want to make her a presentation to celebrate her jubilee. 我们想送她 一件礼物以庆贺她的纪念日. * The Queen will make the presentation (ie will hand over the gift) herself. 女王将亲自授予礼品. * [attrib 作定语] a presentation ceremony, ie one at which a presentation is made 赠礼仪式* a presentation copy, ie a free book presented by the publisher or by the author （出版者或作者免费提供的）赠阅本. 3 [C, U] position of a baby in the mother's body just before birth 胎位. presentiment / prI5zentImEnt; prI`zZntEmEnt/ n (fml 文) vague feeling that sth (esp sth unpleasant) will happen; foreboding 预感（尤指不祥的）; 凶兆: a presentiment of trouble ahead 要出乱子的预 感. presently / 5prezntlI; `prZzntlI/ adv 1 after a short time; soon 不久; 立刻: I'll be with you presently. 我马上就来. 2 (esp US) at the present time; now 现在; 目前: The Secretary of State is presently considering the proposal. 国务卿目前正在考虑该项建议. presently NOTE ON USAGE 用法: When presently means `soon' it usually comes at the end of the sentence *presently 作｀立即＇解时通常位于句末: She'll be here presently. 她马上就来. When it means `after a short time' it sometimes comes at the beginning 作｀很短时间之后＇解时有时位于句 首: Presently I heard her leave the house. 不一会儿我就听到了她离开屋子的声音. Increasingly in British as well as US English it means `now' or `currently' and is placed with the verb 不仅在美式英 语中, 而且在英式英语中也逐渐广泛用以指｀现在＇或｀当前＇, 位置紧靠动词: She's presently working on her PhD. 她目前在攻读哲学博士学位. preservation / 9prezE5veIFn; 9prZzL`veFEn/ n [U] 1 action of preserving 保护; 维护; 保存; 保留; 保持: the preservation and conservation of wildlife 对野生动物的保护* the preservation of food, one's health, works of art 食物的保鲜、健康的保持、艺术作品的保存* The aim of the policy is the preservation of peace. 这一政策旨在维护和平. * [attrib 作定语] a preser`vation order, ie (in Britain) one that makes it illegal to destroy a building, etc because of its historical value （英国的）文 物保护法令. 2 degree to which sth has been unaffected by age, weather etc 保存完好之程度: The paintings were in an excellent state of preservation. 这些画保存得非常好. preservative / prI5z\:vEtIv; prI`z[vEtIv/ adj (used for) preserving （用来）保护的, 保存的: He painted the posts with a preservative liquid. 他在柱子上涂上了起保护作用的液体. * Salt has a preservative effect on food. 盐对食物有防腐作用. preservative n. [C, U] (type of) substance usedfor preserving 保护剂; 防腐剂: food free from preservatives 不含防腐剂的食品* Alcohol is used as a preservative in certain foods. 酒精用作某些 食物的保护剂. * Preservative is usually added to tinned meat. 防腐剂通常加在肉类罐头里. preserve / prI5z\:v; prI`z[v/ v 1 (a) [Tn] keep or maintain (sth) in an unchanged or perfect condition 保护, 维护（某事物）: preserve one's eyesight 保护视力* a very well-preserved man of eighty 一 个保养得很好的八十老翁* Wax polish preserves wood and leather. 上光蜡可以保护木料和皮革. * Efforts to preserve the peace have failed. 维护和平的努力已经失败了. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (for sth) keep sth safe or alive for the future 保存或保留某事物: Few of the early manuscripts have been preserved. 早期的手稿保存下来的不多. * His work must be preserved for posterity. 他的作品当传 诸后世. (c) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from sb/sth) keep sb safe from harm or danger 保护某人: The calm courage of the pilot preserved the lives of the passengers. 飞行员临危不惧的勇气保住了乘客们的 生命. * God preserve us! 上帝保佑我们吧! 2 [Tn] avoid losing (sth); retain 使（某事物）不受损 失; 保持: She managed despite everything to preserve her sense of humour. 她不管遇到什麽情况都 竭力保持著幽默感. * It is difficult to preserve one's self-respect in that job. 做那样的工作很难保持 自尊. 3 [Tn] keep (food) from decay (by bottling, drying, freezing, etc) （用装瓶装罐、乾燥、冷 冻等法）保存（食物）: Salt and spices help to preserve meat. 盐和调味品有助于保藏肉类. * In the summer, large crops of fruit may be preserved by freezing or bottling. 夏天收获的大量水果可冷藏 或装瓶装罐加以保存. 4 [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] keep (fishing, game, land, part of a river, etc) for private use 禁止外人（捕猎等）; 将（土地、河流区段等）保留以供私用: The fishing in this stretch of the river is strictly preserved. 此段河流严禁外人捕鱼. Cf 参看 conserve. preserve n. 1 (a) [C usu pl 通常作复数] preserved fruit 经加工保存的水果: apricot preserves 杏 脯. (b) [U] jam 果酱: strawberry preserve 草莓酱. Cf 参看conserve n. 2 [C] area where game or fish are preserved (preserve 4) for private hunting or fishing 专供私人行猎或捕鱼的保留区. 3 [sing] activities, interests, etc regarded as belonging to a particular person 被认为某人所专有的活 动、爱好等: She regards negotiating prices with customers as her special preserve. 她把与顾客讨价 还价看作自己的专长. preserver n. person or thing that preserves 保护者;维护者; 保藏食品者; 防护用品; 私人保留地: a `life-preserver 救生用品. preside / prI5zaId; prI`zaId/ v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (at sth) be chairman (at a conference, meeting, etc) （在会 上）担任主席; 主持（会议等）: the presiding officer 主持会议的官员* Whoever presides will need patience and tact. 无论谁作主席, 都需既要有耐性, 又要机敏老练. * The Prime Minister presides at meetings of the Cabinet. 首相主持内阁会议. 2 (phr v) preside over sth (a) be head or director of sth 掌管或领导某事物: The city council is presided over by the mayor. 市政委员会由市长领导. (b) control or be responsible for sth 管理某事物; 对某事物负有责任: The present director has presided over a rapid decline in the firm's profitability. 现任领导对公司利润的急剧下降负有责任. presidency / 5prezIdEnsI; `prZzEdEnsI/ n (a) the presidency (also the Presidency) [sing] office(4) of a president 总统、主席、行政部门首长、院长、会长、行长、总经理、董事长等的职位: She hopes to win the presidency. 她希望争取到会长职位. (b) [C] term of office as a president 上述各职 位的任期: the last days of his presidency 他当主席的最后几天 * He was elected to a second presidency. 他获选连任总统. president / 5prezIdEnt; `prZzEdEnt/ n 1 President elected head of state in the US and many modern republics 总统; 国家主席: the President of the United States 美国总统* President De Gaulle 戴高 乐总统. 2 (also President) head of some colleges, government bodies or departments, societies, etc （学院的）院长、（政府部门或机构的）首长、（社会团体等的）会长等: the President of the Board of Trade 贸易委员会主席* He was made president of the cricket club. 他被任命为板球俱 乐部会长. 3 (US) head of a bank, business firm, etc （银行的）行长、（公司等的）总经理、总 裁、董事长等. presidential / 9prezI5denFl; 9prZzE`dZnFEl/ adj of a president or presidency 总统（职位）的; 最 高领导者（职位）的: a presidential candidate, election, policy 总统候选人、选举、政策 * (US) a presidential year, ie one in which an election for president is held 总统选举年. presidium (also praesidium) / prI5sIdIEm; prI`sIdIEm/ n (pl ~s) permanent executive committee of the administration, esp in Communist countries 常务委员会, 主席团（尤指共产党国家政府的）: the presidium of the Supreme Soviet 最高苏维埃主席团. press / pres; prZs/ n 1 [C usu sing 通常作单数] act of pushing steadily with (sth held in) the hand 用手（持物）按、压、挤、榨、捏等: Flatten the dough with a press of the hand. 用手把生面 团压平. * Those trousers need a press, ie with a hot iron. 那条裤子该熨一熨. 2 [C] (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) any of various devices or machines used for compressing or shaping things, extracting juice, etc 任何压榨或挤压成形之器具或机器: a `winepress （制酒的）葡萄榨汁 机 * a `cider-press 苹果榨汁机* an `olive-press 橄榄榨油机* keep one's tennis racket in a press 把网球拍放在球拍夹中* a hydraulic press 水压机. 3 (a) (also `printing-press) [C] machine for printing 印刷机: He took a copy of the newspaper as it came off the press. 报纸在印刷机上印出来 后他拿了一份. (b) [U] printing or being printed (used esp as in the following phrases) 印刷（尤用于 以下词组中）: pass sth for press, ie give final approval for sth before it goes to be printed 核准稿件 以备付印* go to press, ie start to be printed 付印（开始印刷）* Prices are correct at the time of going to press, but may be changed. 付印前价目无误, 之后或有变化. * stop press 停印. 4 (often 常作the Press) [Gp] (journalists who work for) newspapers, periodicals and the news sections of radio and television 报刊; 定期刊物; 广播和电视的新闻节目; 报界; 新闻界; 记者们: The Press were not allowed to attend the trial. 新闻界人士不得出庭旁听. * The majority of the press support the Government's foreign policy. 舆论界多数支持政府的外交政策. * the local/national/provincial press 地方[全国性/省级]报刊 * the gutter press, ie newspapers that concentrate on sensational stories about people's personal lives 低级报纸（专门宣扬别人隐私者）* The freedom of the press (ie right of journalists to report events, express opinions, etc freely) must be protected. 新闻报道的自 由（记者自由报道新闻、表达观点等的权利）应该得到保障. * [attrib 作定语] press advertising, comment, freedom 报刊上的广告、报刊评论、出版自由. 5 [sing] treatment given to a person, a group, an event, etc in radio, newspaper, etc reports （广播、报刊等对个人、团体、事件等的） 报道, 评论: be given/have a good/bad press 受到舆论界的好评[批评]. 6 [C] business for printing (and publishing) books or periodicals 印刷业; 出版业; 出版社: Oxford University Press 牛津大学 出版社* a small press specializing in illustrated books 专印有插图的书的小出版社. 7 [sing] (a) crowd or crowding of people 人群; 人群拥挤: The child got lost in the press of people leaving the match. 在看完比赛后散场的人群中把孩子挤丢了. (b) pressure of affairs; hurry or stress 事务的压 力; 匆忙; 紧迫: the press of modern life 现代生活的压力. 8 [C] large cupboard, usu with shelves, for clothes, books, etc 大柜橱（通常有架以放置衣物、书籍等）: a linen press 衣物柜. press agent person employed by a theatre, etc to organize advertising and publicity in the press （剧院等雇用在报 刊等上做宣传和登广告的）宣传员. `press agency 1 office or business of a press agent 剧院等的 宣传员的办事处或业务. 2 business firm that gathers news and supplies it to journalists 通讯社. the Press Association (abbr 缩写PA) ( Brit) press agency that gathers home news and supplies it to the British press1(4) 新闻协会（英国负责采集国内新闻并向本国新闻媒介供稿的通讯社）. press baron ( infml 口) powerful newspaper proprietor 报业大王. press-box n. place reserved for reporters, eg at a football or cricket match 记者席（如足球或板球比 赛时设置的）. press conference interview given to journalists in order to announce a decision, an achievement, etc 记者招待会: The Minister called a press conference as soon as the results were known. 结果一见分晓, 部长立即举行 了记者招待会. press cutting (also esp US `press clipping) paragraph, article, etc cut out from a newspaper or periodical 剪报. press-gallery n. place reserved for reporters, esp in Parliament or in a lawcourt 记者席（尤指议会里 或法庭上的）. pressman / 5presmEn, -mAn; `prZsmEn, -9mAn/ n (pl -men / 5presmEn, -men; `prZsmEn/) 1 (Brit) journalist 记者. 2 (US) person who operates a printing-press 印刷工人. press officer person employed by a business firm, political party, etc to provide information to the press and to answer journalists' questions （企业、政党等雇用向新闻界发布消息并回答记者问题的）新闻代 言人, 新闻发布官. press photographer newspaper photographer 摄影记者. press release official announcement or account of sth given to the press by a government department, political party, etc （政府机构、政党等发布的）新闻稿: The company issued a press release to try to stop speculationin its shares. 公司发布了新闻稿以期遏止对其股票的投机活动. press / pres; prZs/ v 1 (a) [Tn, Tn.p] move (sth) by pushing steadily against it 对（某物）施以压力 使之移动; 按动（某物）: press the trigger of a gun 扣枪的扳机* press (down) the accelerator of a car 踩（下）汽车的油门* press (in) a button 按电钮* press a switch (up) （向上）扳开关. (b) [Ipr, Tn.pr] ~ (sth/sb/oneself) against/on sth; ~ sth to sth (cause sth/sb/oneself to) push steadily against sth （使某物[某人/自己]）对某物施以压力; 压、挤、推或顶某物: My boot is pressing against a blister on my toe. 我的靴子挤压了我脚趾上的水. * I had to press myself against the wall to let them pass. 我得贴紧墙壁好让他们过去. * The child pressed her nose against the window. 那小女孩把鼻 子贴在窗户上. * He pressed a handkerchief to his nose. 他用手帕捂著鼻子. (c) [Tn.pr] ~ sth into sth put sth in a place by pushing steadily against it 对某物施以压力使其进入某位置; 将某物压入、 按入或塞入: press money into sb's hand 把钱塞进某人手中* press putty into a hole 把油灰塞入 洞中. 2 [Tn, Cn.a] apply force or weight to (sth) in order to get juice, etc from it 挤出（某物）的汁 等; 榨（某物）: press apples, olives, oranges, etc 挤压苹果、橄榄、橙子等* press grapes to make wine 榨葡萄制酒* press fruit dry, ie obtain all its juice 把水果榨乾（取其全部汁液）. 3 [Tn, Cn.a] (a) make (sth) flat or smooth (by using force or weight) 压扁, 压平（某物）: press flowers, eg between pages of a book 把花压扁（如夹在书里）* press the soil flat with the back of a spade 用 铲子的背面平整土地. (b) shape or remove creases from (clothes) by applying pressure with an iron 熨平（衣物）: That suit ought to be pressed. 那套衣服得熨一熨. * Press the pleats flat. 把褶子熨平. 4 (a) [Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth to one hold sb/sth close; embrace sb/sth 抱紧某人[某物]; 拥抱某人[某物]: She pressed the child to her. 她把那孩子搂在怀里. (b) [Tn] squeeze (a person's arm, hand, etc) as a sign of affection 紧握（某人之臂、手等）表示情意: Overcome with emotion, he pressed her hand and left her. 他感慨万千, 用力握了一下她的手, 离开了她. 5 [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.t] ~ sb (for sth) try repeatedly to persuade sb (to do sth) 一再劝说某人（做某事）; 催促; 催逼; 敦促: I don't want to press you, but shouldn't you be leaving? 我不想逼你, 但你还不该走吗? * The bank is pressing us for repayment of the loan. 银行催我们偿还贷款. * They are pressing us to make a quick decision. 他们正在敦促我们迅速作出决定. 6 [Tn] make (one's case, etc) urgently or repeatedly (used esp with the ns shown) 急于做或坚持做（某事等）（尤与以下句中名词连用）: I don't wish to press the point, but you do owe me 200. 我是不愿老提这一点的, 可你还欠著我200 英镑呢. * She is still pressing her claim for compensation. 她仍然坚持要求赔偿. * They were determined to press their case at the highest level. 他们决定把他们那事向最高层反映. 7 [Tn] make a pressing(n a) of (a gramophone record) 压制（唱片）. 8 (idm 习语) be pressed for sth have barely enough of sth 缺少 某事物: Please hurry we're a bit pressed for time. 请快点--我们时间不多了. * I'm very pressed for cash at the moment can I pay you next week? 我现在手头很紧--下周再付给你行吗? press sth home (a) push sth into place 用压力使某物就位: He locked the door and pressed the bolt home. 他 锁上房门, 并插好插销. (b) obtain as much advantage as possible from sth by being determined in attacking, arguing, etc （在进攻、争辩等方面）坚持不懈以多获益: press home one's advantage 坚 决维护自己的利益* press home an argument, an attack, a point, etc 把争论、进攻、某一论点等 坚持到底. press sth into `shape flatten, smooth or shape sth by pushing against it 压平某物; 施加压 力使某物平整; 将某物压制成型. time presses => time1. 9 (phr v) press across, against, around, etc (sth) (of people) move in the specified direction by pushing （指人们）挤著走; 拥挤著前进: The people pressed round the royal visitors. 人们把那些王室贵宾团团围住. * The crowds were pressing against the barriers. 人群向著栅栏推挤. * She had to press through the throng to reach the stage. 她 不得不穿过拥挤的人群走上舞台. press ahead/forward/on (with sth) continue (doing sth) in a determined way; hurry forward 坚决地继续（进行某事物）; 坚持（做某事）; 加紧: The firm is pressing ahead with the modernization plan. 公司竭力实施现代化计画. * We must press on with the project without wasting time. 我们要不失时机地加紧进行这项工程. press for sth make repeated and urgent requests for sth 一再迫切要求某事物: The chairman is pressing for a change in the procedure. 主席一再要求改变程序. * The unions are pressing for improved working conditions. 工 会再三要求改善工作条件. press sth from sth; press sth out of/in sth make sth by applying force or weight to a surface 压制某物: press car bodies out of sheets of steel 把钢板冲压成汽车车身 * press holes in a piece of leather 在一块皮革上打出许多洞* press out shapes from a piece of card 从一张纸板上压出各种花样. press sth from/out of sth; press sth out remove (juice, etc) from fruit by squeezing 挤出（果汁等）; 榨出（汁液）: press the juice from oranges 挤橙子汁* press oil from olives 榨橄榄油* press the seeds out of a tomato 挤出西红柿的籽. press (down) on sb weigh heavily on sb; oppress sb 对某人施重压; 压迫某人: His responsibilities press heavily on him. 他身 负重任. press sth on sb insist that sb accepts sth (against his will) 硬要某人接受某事物: They pressed gifts on their benefactors. 他们硬要赞助人接受礼物. * I didn't want to take the money but he pressed it on me. 我不愿接受那笔钱, 但是他却硬塞给我. press sth on/onto sth attach sth to sth by pressing 把某物紧贴在另物上: press a label on a parcel 把标签贴在包裹上* press a clean pad onto a wound 把一块乾净的纱布敷在伤口上. pressing adj. (a) urgent 紧迫的; 迫切的: a pressing engagement 急迫的约会. (b) (of a person, request, etc) insistent （指人、要求等）坚持的: a pressing invitation todinner 十分恳切的赴宴邀 请* He was so pressing I couldn'trefuse. 他这样坚持, 我实在难以拒绝. pressingly adv. pressing n. (a) thing made by pressing, esp a gramophonerecord 模压制品; （尤指）唱片: 10000 pressings of a symphony 10000 张交响乐的唱片. (b) number of gramophone records made at one time 同一批制成的唱片: a pressing of several thousand records 同批制成的几千张唱片. press-stud / 5prestQd; `prZs9stQd/ n (also infml 口语作popper, esp US `snap fastener) small fastener for clothes made of two parts that can be pressed together 子母扣儿; 摁扣儿. press-up (US `push-up) n. (usu pl 通常作复数) exercise in which a person lies facing the floor and, keeping his back straight, raises his shoulders and trunk by pressing down on his hands 俯卧撑. press / pres; prZs/ v 1 [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] (formerly) force (sb) to serve in the army or navy （旧时）强徵（某人）入伍. 2 (idm 习语) press sb/sth into `service use sb/sth because he/it is urgently needed; use sth as a temporary measure （因急需）徵用某人[某物]; 临时使用某物: Her whole family were pressed into service when the shop was busy. 店里忙时, 她全家都来干. * Old buses were pressed into service as emergency housing for the refugees. 用旧公共汽车应急来安置难 民. press-gang n. [CGp] (a) (formerly) group of people employed to force men to join the army or navy （旧时）强行拉人的徵兵队, 抓壮丁队. (b) group who force others to do sth 强拉他人做某事的一 伙人. v [Tn] force (sb) into service 强迫（某人）做事: (joc 谑) We were press-ganged into serving the drinks. 抓了我们当差斟酒. pressure / 5preFE(r); `prZFL/ n 1 [U] (a) force or weight of sth pressing continuously on or against sth that it touches 压力; 挤压: the pressure of the crowd against the barriers 人群推挤栅栏的力量 * The pressure of the water caused the wall of the dam to crack. 水的压力使堤坝决口. (b) amount of this 压力之量; 压强: The tyre is too hard reduce the pressure a bit. 这轮胎太硬, 要减少一点压 力. * Your blood pressure (ie force of the blood in the veins and arteries) is too high. 你的血压过高. * a pressure of 6 lb to the square inch 每平方英寸6 磅的压力 * [attrib 作定语] a pressure gauge, ie an instrument for measuring the pressure of liquid, gas, air, etc 压力计 * (fig 比喻) work at high pressure 在很大压力下工作. 2 [U] weight of the air in the atmosphere 大气的压力: atmospheric pressure 气压* A band of low pressure is moving across the country. 一个低压带正横越该国. 3 [U, C] ~ (of sth); ~ (to do sth) strong or oppressive influence 强大的影响; 压迫（感）: She left home to escape the pressure to conform to her family's way of life. 她离家出走以求摆脱她家生活方式对 她的束缚. * The pressures of city life forced him to move to the country. 都市生活的艰难迫使他迁 往乡村. 4 (idm 习语) bring pressure to bear on sb (to do sth) use force or strong persuasion (to make sb do sth) 对某人施加压力（使之做某事）: The bank will bring pressure to bear on you if you don't pay. 你要是不付款, 银行就对你施加压力. * The council brought pressure to bear on the landlord to improve his property. 市政会向房主施加了压力, 促使其改善房子的居住条件. put pressure on sb (to do sth) (try to) force sb (to do sth, esp quickly) （试图）迫使某人（做某事）; （尤 指）催逼某人: The birth of twins put pressure on them to find a bigger flat. 他们生了双胞胎, 不得 不寻找一套较大的住房. * I don't want to put pressure on you to make a decision, but we haven't much time left. 我并不想催你做决定, 只是我们剩下的时间已经不多了. under `pressure (a) (of a liquid or gas held in a container) subject to pressure; compressed （指容器中所含的液体或气体）受 有压力的, 压缩的: The gas is stored under pressure in the tank. 该气体在压缩状态下贮存于罐中. * The beer comes out of the barrel under pressure. 啤酒受到压力从桶中流出. (b) influenced by urgency or compulsion 被催逼的; 被迫的: work under pressure 在压力下工作 * put sb under pressure (to do sth) 迫使某人（做某事）* come under pressure (to do sth) 被迫（做某事）. (c) suffering stress 承受压力的: She is constantly under pressure and it is affecting her health. 她经常负 担很重, 因而影响了健康. pressure v. = pressurize. pressure-cooker n. strong tightly-closed pot in which food can be cooked quickly by steam under high pressure 压力锅. =>illus at pan 见 pan 插图. pressure group [CGp] (in politics, business, etc) organized group who try to influence policy, esp by intensive propaganda and campaigning; lobby 压力集团（尤指藉大力宣传及开展活动谋求对政策施加影响 的政治、工商业等组织）; （议院）院外活动集团. pressurize, pressurise / 5preFEraIz; `prZFE9raIz/ (also pressure)v 1 [Tn.pr, Cn.t] ~ sb into sth/doing sth use force, influence or strong persuasion to make sb do sth 强使某人做某事: She was pressurized into agreeing to a merger. 她被迫同意将公司合并. * He felt that he was being pressurized to resign. 他感到有压力逼他辞职. 2 [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] keep (the compartment of a submarine, the cabin of an aircraft, etc) at a constant atmospheric pressure 使（潜艇的水密舱、飞机 的座舱等）保持恒定的气压: a pressurized cabin 增压舱* The compartments are fully pressurized. 水密舱均已增压完毕. pressurization, pressurisation / 9preFEraI5zeIFn; ?@-rI5z-; 9prZFErE`zeFEn/ n [U]. pressurized-water reactor type of nuclear reactor that uses water under pressure as a coolant 压力水冷反应堆. prestidigitator / 9prestI5dIdVIteItE(r); 9prZstI`dIdVI`tetL/ n (fml or joc 文或谑) conjurer 变戏法的 人; 耍把戏的人. prestidigitation / 9prestI9dIdVI5teIFn; 9prZstI9dIdVI`teFEn/ n [U] (skill in) performing tricks by conjuring; sleight of hand （变）戏法. prestige / pre5sti:V; prZs`tiV/ n [U] 1 respect based on good reputation, past achievements, etc 威望; 威信: lose/regain prestige 失去[恢复]威望* He suffered a loss of prestige when the scandal was publicized. 这件丑事公开后他便威信扫地. 2 power to impress others, esp as a result of wealth, distinction, glamour, etc 影响力: have, enjoy, earn prestige in the community 在社会上很有影响 * [attrib 作定语] the prestige value of owning a Rolls Royce 拥有劳斯·莱斯汽车的威风. prestigious / pre5stIdVEs; prZ`stIdVEs/ adj having or bringing prestige 有威望的; 有威信的; 有 影响力的;带来声望的: one of the world's most prestigious orchestras 世界上最负盛名的管弦乐队之 一. presto / 5prestEU; `prZsto/ adj, adv 1 (music 音) quick(ly) 以急板（的）. 2 (idm 习语) hey presto => hey. presto n. (pl ~s) movement or passage of music (to be) played quickly 急板; 急板乐段. presumable / prI5zju:mEbl; ?@ -5zu:-; prI`zumEbl/ adj (fml 文) that may be presumed 可假定的; 可推测的: the presumable result is an election defeat 推测结果可能竞选失败. presumably / -EblI; -EblI/ adv it may be presumed 可假定; 可推测: She is aware of the difficulties, presumably? 她对这些困难大概了解吧? * He will presumably resign in view of the complete failure of his policy. 由于他所推行的政策彻底失败了, 他很可能辞职. presume / prI5zju:m; ?@ -5zu:m; prI`zum/ v 1 [Tf, Cn.a, Cn.t] suppose (sth) to be true; take (sth) for granted 假定（某事物）是事实; 认定（某事物）; 假设; 推测: I presume that an agreement will eventually be reached. 我想最终是会达成协议的. * `Are the neighbours away on holiday?' `I presume so.' ｀邻居们去度假了吗?＇｀我想是的.＇ * In English law, an accused man is presumed (to be) innocent until he is proved guilty. 根据英国的法律, 被告未经证明有罪即认为是清白的. * Twelve passengers are missing, presumed dead. 十二名乘客失踪, 据信已经死亡. 2 [It] venture to do sth; be so bold as to do sth 冒昧地做某事; 胆敢做某事: I won't presume to disturb you. 我不敢 打扰你. * May I presume to advise you? 我可以冒昧向你进一言吗? 3 (phr v) presume on sth (fml 文) make a wrong use of sth; take unfair advantage of sth 不正当地利用某事物; 占某事物的便宜: presume on sb's good nature, eg by asking for help 利用某人的好心肠（如请求帮助）. presumption / prI5zQmpFn; prI`zQmpFEn/ n 1 (a) [U] ~ (of sth) presuming sth to be true or the case 假定; 认定; 假设; 推测: presumption of her innocence by the court 法庭对她无罪的推定. (b) [C] thing presumed to be true or very probable 假定属实的事物; 被认定的事物; 极为可能的事物: The article makes too many false presumptions. 这篇文章中凭空臆测的成分太多. * We're having the party in the garden on the presumption that it's not going to rain. 我们认为不会下雨, 所以在花园里 举行宴会. 2 [U] behaviour that is too bold; arrogance 放肆; 傲慢: She was infuriated by his presumption in making the travel arrangements without first consulting her. 他事先没和她商量便做 好旅行安排, 她对他自作主张很生气. presumptive / prI5zQmptIv; prI`zQmptIv/ adj (fml esp law 文, 尤用于法律) (a) based on reasonable belief 基于合理之推测的; 推定的: presumptive evidence 推定的证据. (b) probable 可能的; 假定 的: the presumptive heir/the heir presumptive, ie the person who will inherit the throne unless sb with a stronger claim is born 假定继承人（除非有更具继承权资格的人出生, 否则即由其继承王位）. presumptuous / prI5zQmptFUEs; prI`zQmptFJEs/ adj (a) (of a person or his behaviour) too bold or self-confident （指人或其行为）胆大妄为的, 放肆的, 冒失的, 专横的: Would it be presumptuous of me to ask you to contribute? 可否冒昧请求你出一份力? (b) (of a person) acting without the necessary authority （指人）自行其是的, 自作主张的: He was presumptuous in making the announcement before the decision had been approved. 决议尚未通过他已径自宣布. presumptuously adv. presuppose / 9pri:sE5pEUz; 9prisE`poz/ v [Tn, Tf] (not used in the continuous tenses 不用于进行时 态) 1 assume (sth) to be true beforehand 预先假定（某事物）属实; 预料: We cannot presuppose the truth of his statements. 我们不能预先假定他的话属实. 2 require (sth) as a condition; imply 以（某 事物）为先决条件; 意味著: Effects presuppose causes. 有其果必有其因. * Approval of the plan presupposes that the money will be made available. 批准该计画先要有可用的资金. presupposition / 9pri:sQpE5zIFn; 9prisQpE`zIFEn/ n(fml 文) (a) [U] (action of) presupposing (presuppose1) 预先假定; 预料: Bail was refused on the presupposition of his guilt. 已料到他罪名成 立而不准保释. (b) [C] thing that is presupposed 预先假定的事物; 预测之事; 先决条件: You have made several unjustified presuppositions. 你作了一些毫无根据的假设. pretence (US pretense) / prI5tens; prI`tZns/ n 1 (a) [U] deception; make-believe 虚假; 虚伪; 虚 饰; 假装; 做作: Their friendliness was only pretence. 他们的友谊完全是虚假的. * Their way of life was all pretence. 他们的生活方式都很做作. (b) [sing] ~ of sth false show of sth 假象; 假相: a pretence of strength, grief, sleep 有力量、伤心、睡觉的假象. 2 (a) [C] ~ to sth claim to (merit, honour, etc) 声称; 自称; 自诩; 标榜: I have no pretence to being an expert on the subject. 我并不 自命是这方面的专家. (b) [U] (fml 文) ostentation; pretentiousness 炫耀; 虚夸: an honest, kindly man without pretence 诚实而不做作的好心人. 3 (idm 习语) on/under false pretences => false. pretend / prI5tend; prI`tZnd/ v 1 [I, Tf, Tt] make oneself appear to be (doing) sth in order to deceive others or in play 假装; 佯作: The time has come to stop pretending! 够了, 别再装蒜了! * She pretended (that) she was not at home when we rang the bell. 我们按门铃时, 她假装不在家. * The children pretended to eat the mud pies. 孩子们假装吃泥饼. 2 [Tn] claim (sth) falsely, esp as an excuse 伪称（某事物）（尤用作藉口）: She pretended illness as an excuse. 她佯称有病以为藉口. * His pretended friendship was part of the deception. 他所谓的友谊是一种骗局. 3 [Ipr, Tt] ~ to sth (fml 文) make a claim to (do) sth 声称做某事; 自称为某事物: Surely he doesn't pretend to any understanding of music! 谅他不会自以为懂得什麽音乐吧! * I don't pretend to know as much as he does about it. 我不敢说我对此事的了解有他那样多. pretender n. person whose claim (to a throne, title, etc) is disputed 觊觎王位、爵位等者. pretension / prI5tenFn; prI`tZnFEn/ n 1 [C usu pl 通常作复数] ~ (to sth/doing sth) (making of a) claim 声称; 自命; 主张; 要求; 权利: a poet with serious pretensionsto literary greatness 完全有资 格称作文学泰斗的诗人* He has/makes no pretensions to being an expert on the subject. 他并不以 这方面的专家自居. * (derog 贬) His social pretensions (ie behaving as if he was of a higher class) make him appear ridiculous. 他冒充上流社会人士而出尽洋相. 2 [U] being pretentious 自负; 狂 妄; 炫耀; 标榜: Readers may find the pretension and arrogance of her style irritating. 读者可以感觉 到她文章中的狂妄自负令人反感. pretentious / prI5tenFEs; prI`tZnFEs/ adj claiming (esp without justification) merit or importance; pompous or showy 自负的; 自命不凡的; 炫耀的; 自我标榜的: expressed in pretentious language 用狂妄的语言表达的* a pretentious writer, book, style 自我炫耀的作家、书、文风. pretentiousness n. [U]. preterite (US preterit) / 5pretErEt; `prZtErEt/ adj, n (grammar) (of the) past simple tense (of a verb) （动词的）过去式（的）: `Ran' is the preterite of `run'. ran 是 run 的过去式. preternatural / 9pri:tE5nAtFrEl; 9pritL`nAtFrEl/ adj (fml 文) beyond what is natural or normal; unusual 超自然的; 异乎寻常的; 不可思议的: preternatural power, force, ability, etc 超乎一般的能 量、力量、能力等* a preternatural gift for knowing what others are thinking 知道别人在想什麽 的特异禀赋. preternaturally adv. pretext / 5pri:tekst; `pritZkst/ n ~ (for sth/doing sth) reason given (for doing sth) that is not the real reason; excuse 藉口; 托辞: He came to see me on/under the pretext of asking my advice when he really wanted to borrow money. 他以请我指教为藉口前来看我, 其实是想借钱. * We'll have to find a pretext for not going to the party. 我们不去参加聚会得找个藉口才是. prettify / 5prItIfaI; `prItI9faI/ v (pt, pp -fied) [Tn] (usu derog 通常作贬义) make (sth) pretty in a superficial way 为（某物）装门面; 粉饰, 点缀（某物）: The old farm workers' cottages are being prettified as holiday homes. 这些农场工人的旧房屋都装饰成了度假别墅. Cf 参看 beautify. pretty / 5prItI; `prItI/ adj (-ier, -iest) 1 pleasing and attractive, without being beautiful or magnificent 漂亮的, 可爱的, 精致的（并非华丽的或堂皇的）: a pretty child, pattern, tune 可爱的孩子、好 看的花样、好听的曲调* a pretty (ie effeminate-looking) boy 俊俏的男孩儿* What a pretty dress! 多漂亮的连衣裙哪! * She looks very pretty in that hat. 她戴著那顶帽子真是漂亮极了. * The bodies of the victims were not a pretty sight. 这些受害者的尸体惨不忍睹. =>Usage at beautiful 用 法见beautiful. 2 (a) (esp dated 尤作旧) fine; good 美好的; 良好的: a pretty wit, compliment, turn of phrase 敏捷的头脑、动听的恭维话、巧妙的措辞. (b) (ironic 反语) not pleasing 糟糕的: You've got yourself into a pretty mess now! 你现在可惹了麻烦了! * This a pretty state of affairs! 事 情糟透了! 3 (idm 习语) (as) ,pretty as a `picture very pretty 非常漂亮. come to such a pass/a pretty pass => pass1. not just a pretty `face not just sb who is superficially attractive without having other qualities or abilities 不仅相貌好（尚有其他优点）: His good looks won him the election but he has still to prove that he's not just a pretty face. 他由于仪表堂堂而当选, 但他尚须证明决非徒有其 表. a pretty `penny a lot of money 大量金钱: Renovating that house will cost you a pretty penny. 为 了整修那所房子, 你得花很多钱. pretty adv 1 fairly or moderately 相当; 颇: The situation seems pretty hopeless. 这情况似乎没有多大希 望了. * She seemed pretty satisfied with the result. 她对那结果似乎相当满意. =>Usage at fairly 用 法见fairly. 2 (idm 习语) pretty much/nearly/well almost 几乎; 差不多: The two are pretty much the same. 这两个简直一模一样. * The car is pretty nearly new. 那辆车跟新的差不多. * My patience is pretty well exhausted. 我几乎忍无可忍. sitting pretty => sit. prettily / 5prItIlI; `prItIlI/ adv in a pretty or charming way 漂亮地; 可爱地; 精致地; 迷人地: She decorated the room very prettily. 她把房间装饰得漂亮极了. * She smiled prettily as she accepted the flowers. 她在接受鲜花时, 笑得真迷人. prettiness n. [U]: People commented on the prettiness of the cottage. 大家都夸那小屋很精致. pretty-pretty adj. (infml derog 口, 贬) too pretty 过分漂亮的: a pretty-pretty colour scheme of pale pinks and blues 浅的粉红色和蓝色过于漂亮的色彩设计* a frilly, pretty-pretty dress 有褶边的十 分华丽的连衣裙. pretzel / 5pretsl; `prZtsl/ n crisp salty biscuit made in the shape of a knot or stick 椒盐脆饼乾（做成纽 结状或棒状）. prevail / prI5veIl; prI`vel/ v 1 [I] ~ (among/in sth/sb) exist or happen generally; be widespread 普遍 存在; 普遍发生; 盛行; 流行: conditions prevailing in the region 该地区的普遍状况* The use of horses for ploughing still prevails among the poorer farmers. 用马耕作的现象在贫苦农民中仍然十 分普遍. 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (against/over sb/sth) (fml 文) fight successfully (against sb/sth); defeat 战胜（某 人[某事物]）; 击败: Virtue will prevail against evil. 美德定将战胜邪恶. * The invaders prevailed over the native population. 入侵者打败了土著居民. 3 (phr v) prevail on sb to do sth (fml 文) persuade sb to do sth 劝说某人做某事: May I prevail on you to make a speech after dinner? 可以请 你在用餐后讲几句话吗? prevailing adj. [attrib 作定语] (a) most usual orwidespread 普遍的; 盛行的; 流行的: the prevailing customs,fashions, style, etc 流行的风俗、式样、款式等. (b) (of a wind) that blows in an area most frequently （指风）某一区域里最常刮的: The prevailing wind here is from the south-west. 这里最常刮的风是西南风. prevalent / 5prevElEnt; `prZvElEnt/ adj (fml 文) ~ (among/in sth/sb) existing or happening generally; widespread 普遍存在的; 普遍发生的; 盛行的; 流行的: The prevalent opinion is in favour of reform. 一般舆论都支持改革. * Is malaria still prevalent among the populationhere? 疟疾是否仍为 此地居民的多发病? prevalence / -Ens; -Ens/ n [U] being prevalent 普遍; 盛行; 流行: They were very surprised by the prevalence of anti-government sentiments. 他们对普遍存在的反政府情绪感到很吃惊. prevaricate / prI5vArIkeIt; prI`vArE9ket/ v [I] (fml 文) try to avoid telling the (whole) truth by speaking in an evasive or a misleading way; equivocate 支吾; 搪塞; 闪烁其辞: Tell us exactly what happened and don't prevaricate. 有什麽就原原本本地告诉我们吧, 别躲躲闪闪的. prevarication / prI9vArI5keIFn; 9prIvArE`keFEn/ n (a) [U] prevaricating 支吾; 搪塞. (b) [C] instance ofthis 支吾; 搪塞: The report was full of lies and prevarications. 这篇报道不是颠倒黑白就 是含糊其辞. prevaricator n. person who prevaricates 支吾搪塞的人. prevent / prI5vent; prI`vZnt/ v [Tn, Tn.pr, Tsg] ~ sb/sth (from doing sth) stop or hinder sb/sth 阻止或 妨碍某人[某事物]: prevent the spread of a disease/a disease from spreading 防止某种疾病的蔓延 * Nobody can prevent us/our getting married. 谁也阻止不了我们结婚. * Your prompt action prevented a serious accident. 你由于动作敏捷而防止了一次严重事故. preventable adj. that can be prevented 可防止的; 可预防的: preventable accidents, deaths, diseases, etc 可避免的事故、死亡、疾病等. prevention / prI5venFn; prI`vZnFEn/ n 1 [U] (action of) preventing 阻止; 防止; 妨碍; 预防: the prevention of crime 防止犯罪行为* the prevention of cruelty to animals 防止虐待动物. 2 (idm 习语) pre,vention is ,better than `cure (saying 谚) it is easier to prevent sth happening than to undo the damage or cure the disease later 预防胜于治疗; 宜未雨绸缪. preventive / prI5ventIv; prI`vZntIv/ (also preventative / prI5ventEtIv; prI`vZntEtIv/) adj (a) preventing or intendedto prevent sth; precautionary 预防（性）的; 防备的: preventive measures 预防性措施. (b) (of medicine) preventing or intended to prevent disease; prophylactic （医学上）预防疾病的, 预防 性的: research into preventive medicine, ie ways of preventing disease 研究防治学. preventive (also preventative) n. thing (esp a medicine) used or designed to prevent sth 预防物; 预 防性措施; （尤指）预防药. preventive detention ( law 律) imprisonment of sb because it is thought likely that he will commit a crime （对有可能犯罪者采取的）预防性拘留. preview / 5pri:vju:; `pri9vju/ n (a) showing of a film, an exhibition, a play, etc before it is shown to the general public （电影、戏剧、展览会等的）预映, 预演, 预展: a press preview, ie one for journalists only 为新闻界举办的预映* We attended a sneak preview of the winter fashion collection. 我们参 观了一次对内的冬季时装预展. (b) report or description of a film, performance of a play, etc before it is shown to the general public （电影、戏剧表演等的）预告性述评: a preview of next week's viewing/listening 下周节目预告述评. preview v. [Tn] have or give a preview of (sth) 举行（某事物）的预演、预映或预展等. previous / 5pri:vIEs; `privIEs/ adj 1 [attrib 作定语] coming before in time or order （时间或顺序 上）先的, 前的: We had met on a previous occasion. 我们上次见过面. * He was there the previous day. 他前一天还在那儿呢. * Who was the previous owner? 谁是以前的属有人? * I am unable to attend because of a previous engagement. 我因有约在先故不能出席. * The criminal had had four previous convictions. 这名罪犯有四次前科. * Applicants for the job must have previous experience. 申请这份工作的人须先前有过这种工作经验. 2 [pred 作表语] (infml 口) done or acting too hastily; presumptuous 操之过急; 自行其是: Aren't you rather previous in assuming I am going to pay? 你以为我会付款未免太自作聪明了吧? previously adv: She had previously worked in television. 她以前干过电视这一行. prey / preI; pre/ n 1 [U] (a) animal, bird, etc hunted and killed by another for food 被捕食的动物; 捕获物: a beast/bird of prey, ie one that kills and eats others, eg a tiger, an eagle 食肉猛兽[禽] （如虎、 鹰）* The lion stalked its prey through the long grass. 那狮子在很深的草丛里潜步逼近猎物. * Mice and other small creatures are the owl's prey. 老鼠以及其他小动物都是猫头鹰的捕食物. (b) (fig 比喻) person who is exploited or harmed by another; victim 被剥削者; 受损害者; 牺性品: She was easy prey for dishonest salesmen. 她很容易地让奸商敲了竹杠. 2 (idm 习语) be/fall prey to sth (a) (of an animal) be hunted and killed for food by another （指动物）被捕食, 成为其他动物的 捕获物: The zebra fell prey to the lion. 那斑马被狮子捕食. (b) (of a person) be greatly troubled or tormented by sth （指人）为某事物所苦, 受到某事物的折磨: She was prey to irrational fears. 她遭 受著无端恐惧的折磨. prey v. 1 (idm 习语) prey on sb's `mind trouble sb greatly 烦扰某人: Fear of the consequences preyed on her mind. 她担心其后果而惴惴不安. * The thought that he was responsible for her death preyed on his mind. 他一想到自己对她的死负有责任就感到心如刀割. 2 (phr v) prey on sb/sth (a) hunt or catch (an animal, etc) as prey 捕食（动物等）: hawks preying on small birds 捕食小鸟的老 鹰. (b) make sb one's victim; exploit or attack 使某人成为受害者; 剥削; 掠夺: a confidence trickster preying on rich widows 一个玩弄花招使一些阔寡妇上当的骗子 * The villagers were preyed on by bandits from the hills. 村民们受到山里强盗抢劫. price / praIs; praIs/ n 1 amount of money for which sth is (to be) bought or sold 价格; 价钱: What is the price of this table? 这张桌子多少钱? * a woollen sweater, price 19.95 毛衣, 定价19.95 英镑 * Prices are rising, falling, going up, going down, shooting up, plummeting, etc. 物价在上涨、下跌、 上升、下落、猛然上涨、骤然下跌等. * I can't afford it at that price. 我可出不起那样的价钱. * charge high prices 要价高* He sold the house at/for a good price. 他以很高的价钱卖了那所房子. * Ask the builder to give you a price (ie say how much he will charge) for the work. 请营造商就那工 程给你开个价. * [attrib 作定语] the fixing of price levels 价格水准的制定. =>Usage 见所附用法. 2 what must be done, given orexperienced to get or keep sth 代价: Loss of independencewas a high price to pay for peace. 以丧失独立来换取和平是极高的代价. * Being recognized wherever you go is the price you pay for being famous. 出名所付出的代价是不管你走到哪里, 都会被人认出来. * No price is too high for winning their support. 为了获得他们的支持, 任何代价均在所不惜. 3 the odds in betting 投注赔率: Six to one is a good price for that horse. 那匹马有六比一的赔率很不错. * the starting price, ie odds offered by a bookmaker on a race just before it starts 赌马经纪人临赛前 定的赔率. 4 (idm 习语) at a `price at a (fairly) high price 以（相当）高的价格: Fresh strawberries are now available at a price! 鲜草莓现已上市--价钱很高! at `any price whatever the cost 不惜任 何代价: The people wanted peace at any price. 人民不惜付出任何代价也要争取和平. beyond/above/without `price (esp rhet 尤作修辞) extremely valuable; so valuable that it cannot be bought 极其贵重的; 无价的. cheap at the `price worth more than the price paid or quoted 物有所值: `You're surely not asking 40 for this book?' `Yes it's cheap at the price!' ｀这本书你绝不会要价40 英镑吧?＇｀是40 英镑--物有所值啊!＇ * (joc 谑) `It'll cost a fortune to go on holiday there!' `It'll be cheap at the price if it keeps the family happy.' ｀去那里度假可得要一大笔开销哇!＇｀只要能让一 家人快乐, 再贵也值得.＇ everyone has his `price (saying 谚) everyone can be bribed in some way 人皆有价（都能以某种方式加以收买）. not at `any price in no circumstances, however favourable 无 论如何; 即使有天大的好处: I wouldn't have my sister's children to stay again not at any price! 我 可不愿意再让我姐姐的孩子留下来住了--说什麽也不行! of great `price (rhet 修辞) extremely valuable 极其宝贵的. pay a/the price => pay2. a `price on sb's head reward offered for sb's capture or for killing him 悬赏缉拿或杀死某人所定之赏格: The authorities put a price on the outlaw's head. 当局悬赏缉拿歹徒. * He knew it was dangerous to be seen there was a price on his head. 他知道 被人发现是很危险的--正在悬赏要他的脑袋呢. put a price on sth value sth in terms of money 给某 事物定价: You can't put a price on that sort of loyalty. 那样的忠心是不能用金钱来衡量的. what price...? (Brit infml 口) (a) (used when sneering at the failure of sth 用于嘲笑失败) see how worthless it was 多麽不值得; 有什麽用: What price peaceful protest now? 现在搞和平抗议有个屁 用! * What price all your promises now? 你现在所答应的话又有什麽用呢? (b) what is the chance of...? ...的可能性如何? What price he'll offer to pay the fine for us? 他有可能为我们支付罚金吗? price v. 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (at sth) fix the price of sth (at a particular level) 给某物定价: The agent priced the house at the right level for the market. 代理商按市场价格给这所房子定了价. * These goods are priced too high. 这些货物定价过高. * Even the cheapest was priced at 5. 即使最便 宜的也标价5 英镑. 2 [Tn] find or estimate the price of (sth) 查明或估计出（某事物）的价钱: I don't know enough about porcelain to be able to price these plates. 我不太懂得瓷器, 估计不出这些 盘子的价钱. 3 [Tn] mark (goods) with a price 给（货物）标价: The assistant priced the garments before putting them on display. 营业员先给服装标好价格再摆出来卖. 4 (idm 习语) price oneself/sth out of the `market charge such a high price for one's goods, services, etc that nobody buys them 漫天要价以致无人问津. priceless adj. 1 too valuable to be priced 无价的; 极其贵重的: priceless jewels, paintings, treasures, etc 极其贵重的首饰、画、珍宝等 * (fig 比喻) Her one priceless asset is her unflappability. 她有一点是非常难能可贵的, 就是她遇事冷静. =>Usage at invaluable 用法见 invaluable. 2 (infml 口) very amusing or absurd 非常有趣的; 十分荒唐的: a priceless joke 非常 有趣的笑话* You look absolutely priceless in that hat! 你戴著那顶帽子很滑稽! pricey (also pricy) / 5praIsI; `praIsI/ adj (-ier, -iest) [usu pred 通常作表语] (Brit infml 口) expensive 昂贵: This restaurant is a bit pricey for me. 这家饭馆的价钱对我来说贵了些. price control control of price levels, esp by a government 价格管制（尤指政府所实行的）. price-fixing n. [U] (a) (usu derog 通常作贬义) setting prices by agreement among producers, esp so as to keep them artificially high 价格垄断（制造商之间的协议定价, 尤指人为抬高价格者）. (b) = price control. price-list n. list of current prices for goods on sale 价目表; 价格单. price-tag n. (a) label showing the price of sth 价格标签. (b) ~ (on sth) (fig 比喻) cost of sth 价值; 费用: The price-tag on the new fighter plane was too high for the government. 新型战斗机的费用太 高, 政府难以负担. price war situation in which competing sellers repeatedlyreduce their prices in order to attract buyers 价格战 （卖方在竞争中不断削价以吸引买主）. price NOTE ON USAGE 用法: The price and cost of something is the amount of money needed to buy it. *price 和cost 均指购买某物需要的钱数. Price is generally used of objects which can be bought or sold; cost usually relates to services or processes *price 一般指商品的售价; cost 则通常指 服务收费或进行某程序需要的费用: the price of vegetables, houses, land 蔬菜、房屋、土地的价 格* the cost of growing vegetables, decorating the house, building on land 栽培蔬菜、装修房子、 建筑施工需要的费用* the cost of a holiday in France 在法国度假需要的费用. Charge is the amount of money asked, usually for a service *charge 指索取的费用, 通常用于服务收费: electricity charges 电费* the charge for parking 存车费. Price, cost and charge can also be verbs *price 、 cost、 charge 这三个词亦可用作动词: They've priced their house very high, ie They're asking a high price. 他们出售房子要价很高. * How much did your holiday cost? 你度假花了多少钱? * How much do they charge for advertising? 他们索取多少广告费? prick / prIk; prIk/ n 1 (a) act of pricking 刺; 戳: I gave my finger a prick with a needle. 我的手指 叫针给扎了一下. (b) small hole or mark caused by this 戳出的小孔或记号; 刺痕: You can see the pricks where the stitches were. 你可以看见缝针扎出的小洞. 2 pain caused by pricking 刺痛（感）: I can still feel the prick. 我还有那刺痛的感觉.* (fig 比喻) the pricks of conscience, ie mental uneasiness 良心上的不安. 3 ("! sl 讳, 俚) (a) penis 鸡巴（阴茎）. (b) (derog 贬) (stupid) man （蠢）人: What a stupid prick you are! 你真是个大傻瓜! 4 (idm 习语) kick against the pricks => kick1. prick / prIk; prIk/ v 1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) pierce sth with a sharp point; make a tiny hole in sth 刺或戳某物; 在某物上穿孔: The child pricked the balloon and it burst. 那孩子在气球上刺 了个洞, 气球就爆了. * He pricked the blister on his heel with a sterilized needle. 他用一根消过毒 的针扎破他脚后跟上的水泡. * prick holes in paper with a pin 用大头针在纸上穿孔. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (on/with sth) cause pain in sth by pricking 刺痛某物; 把某物刺伤: She pricked her finger on/with a needle. 她的手指叫针给扎伤了. * Be careful the thorns will prick you. 小心--刺会扎伤 你的. (c) [Tn] (fig 比喻) cause mental discomfort to (sb) 使（某人）感到不安: His conscience is pricking him now that he realizes what he has done. 他因为已经认识到了自己的所作所为, 所以在 良心上深感不安. 2 [I] feel a sharp pain or a sensation of being pricked 感到剧痛; 有刺痛感: My fingers are beginning to prick after touching that paste. 我的手指接触那软膏之后就疼起来了. * The vapour made his eyes prick. 水气熏得他眼睛发痛. 3 (idm 习语) prick the bubble (of sth) destroy sb's illusion about sth 使某人对某事物的幻想破灭: Thelatest trade figures will surely prick the bubble of governmentcomplacency about the economic situation. 最新的贸易统计数字无疑要惊 扰了政府经济情势大好的美梦. prick up one's ears (a) (of an animal, esp a horse or dog) raise the ears （指动物, 尤指马或狗）竖起耳朵. (b) (of a person) suddenly begin to pay attention to what is being said （指人）突然开始注意听: The children pricked up their ears when they heard the word `ice-cream'. 孩子们听到｀冰激凌＇这个词, 立刻注意起来. 4 (phr v) prick sth out/off plant (young plants) in small holes made in the soil with eg a pointed stick 将（幼苗）移植到用尖棒等在土壤中 钻的小孔里. pricking n. (usu sing 通常作单数) (a) act of pricking 刺; 戳. (b) sensation of being pricked 刺痛 （感）: She felt a pricking on her scalp. 她感到头皮上被扎了一下. prickle / 5prIkl; `prIkl/ n 1 (a) small pointed growth on the stem or leaf of a plant; thorn （植物的茎 或叶上的）刺. (b) small pointed growth on the skin of certain animals, eg a hedgehog; spine （某些 动物如刺等身上的）皮刺, 刺毛. 2 pricking sensation on the skin （皮肤上的）刺痛（感）. prickle v. [I, Tn] (cause sb/sth to) have a feeling of being pricked 刺痛某人[某物]; （使某人[某 物]）感到刺痛: The woollen cloth prickles (my skin). 穿毛料衣服（使我的皮肤）有被扎的感觉. * My scalp began to prickle as I realized the horrible truth. 我了解到了那令人恐惧的事实, 顿时感到 不寒而栗. prickly / 5prIklI; `prIklI/ adj. (-ier, -iest) 1 (a) covered with prickles (prickle 1a) 多刺的: prickly rose-bushes 多刺的玫瑰丛. (b) having or causing a sensation of prickling 刺痛的; 引起刺痛的: My skin feels prickly. 我的皮肤有刺痛感* a prickly feeling, sensation, etc 刺痛感. 2 (infml 口) (of a person) easily angered; irritable; touchy （指人）易怒的, 脾气暴躁的, 动辄发火的: You're a bit prickly today! 你今天动不动就发火! prickliness n [U]. prickly `heat skin condition common in hot climates, with inflammation of the skin near the sweat glands which causes a prickly sensation 痱子. prickly `pear (a) type of cactus covered with prickles 仙人果（一种仙人掌, 多刺）. (b) its pear-shaped edible fruit 仙人果的果实（像梨, 可食）. pride / praId; praId/ n 1 (a) [U] ~ (in sb/sth) feeling of pleasure or satisfaction which one gets from doing sth well, from owning sth excellent or widely admired, etc 得意; 自豪: She looked with pride at the result of her work. 她自豪地看著自己的工作成果. * Her pride in her achievements is justified. 她为自己的成就而自豪, 这是理所当然的. * He felt a glow of pride as people admired his new car. 人们夸他的新汽车时, 他得意得很. * the pride of parenthood 身为父母的骄傲. (b) [sing] the ~ of sth person or thing that is an object or source of this 引以自豪的人或事物: The new car was the pride of the whole family. 新汽车是全家人引以自豪之物. * He was the pride of the village after winning the championship. 他获得冠军之后成了全村的骄傲. 2 [U] (derog 贬) unjustifiably high opinion of oneself or one's achievements; arrogance 高傲; 倨傲; 骄傲; 傲慢: the sin of pride 傲慢 的过错* He was puffed up with pride. 他傲气十足. 3 [U] knowledge of one's own worth or character; dignity and self-respect 自尊（心）: Her pride was hurt. 她的自尊心受到了伤害. * He has no pride if he lets the children talk to him so rudely. 他要是允许孩子们对他说话这样无礼, 就会有 失自己的尊严. * Having to accept the money was a blow to her pride. 她不得不接受这笔钱, 这是 对她自尊心的打击. * He refused to accept help out of a false sense of pride. 他由于死要面子而不 肯接受帮助. 4 [CGp] group of (esp) lions 一群（尤指狮子）. 5 (idm 习语) pocket one's pride => pocket v. pride comes/goes before a `fall (saying 谚) if you behave arrogantly,sth will happen to make you look foolish 骄者必败. pride of `place the most prominent or important position, because of being the best or best-liked 最突出或最重要的位置: The painting has pride of place in his collection. 这幅画在他的收藏品中最为珍贵. sb's pride and `joy person or thing that sb is very proud of 使某人 感到无比骄傲的人或事物: Their baby is their pride and joy. 他们的婴儿是他们的快乐和骄傲. put one's pride in one's pocket do sth that would normally make one feel ashamed and humiliated 姑且忍 辱含垢. take (a) pride in sb/sth be proud of sb/sth 对某人[某事物]感到自豪: She takes great pride in her children's success. 她为自己的孩子取得的成绩感到无比骄傲. take pride in sth do sth carefully or well because it is important to one 认真做好某事物（因对自己很重要）: He takes no pride in his work. 他对待工作马马虎虎. * You should take more pride in your appearance. 你应该多注意一点 仪表. pride v. (phr v) pride oneself on sth/doing sth be proud of sth 以某事物而自豪; 得意于某事物: She prides herself on her garden/on her skill as a gardener. 她对自己的花园[对自己的园艺]非常得 意. * He prides himself on remaining calm in an emergency. 他在紧急关头十分镇静为此感到骄傲. priest / pri:st; prist/ n 1 person appointed to perform religious duties and ceremonies in the Christian Church, esp one who is between a deacon and a bishop in the Roman Catholic, Orthodox or Anglican Church (more usu called a clergyman in the Anglican Church) 基督教会的神职人员（尤指助祭或会 吏以上主教以下者）; 司铎, 司祭, 教士, 牧师, 神甫, 神父（英国国教通常多称为clergyman）: a parish priest 牧区牧师 * the ordination ofwomen priests 女司铎的授圣职仪式. Cf 参看 minister1 3,vicar. 2 (fem 阴性作 priestess / 5pri:stes; `pristIs/) person who performs religious ceremonies in a non-Christian religion （基督教会以外的）神职人员. the priesthood / -hUd; -hJd/ n (a) [sing] office or position of a priest 司铎、司祭、教士、牧师 或神甫的职务或职位: enter the priesthood 任司铎之职. (b) [Gp] whole body of priests (esp of a particular Church or country) 全体神职人员（尤指某一教会或国家的）: the Catholic priesthood 天 主教全体神甫* the Spanish priesthood 西班牙神职人员. priestlike adj. like a priest 似神职人员的. priestly adj. [usu attrib 通常作定语] of, like or relating to a priest （似）神职人员的; 与神职人员 有关的: his priestly duties 他作为神职人员的责任. prig / prIg; prI-/ n (derog 贬) person who behaves as ifhe were morally superior to everyone else, and disapprovesof what others do; self-righteous person 自以为道德高尚的人; 道学先生. priggish adj. of or (behaving) like a prig （似）道学先生的. priggishly adv. priggishness n. [U]. prim / prIm; prIm/ adj (-mmer, -mmest) (usu derog 通常作贬义) 1 (of a person) disliking anything that is improper, rude or rough; prudish （指人）循规蹈矩的, 拘谨的, 古板的, 假正经的: You can't tell that joke to her she's much too prim and proper. 可别给她讲那样的笑话--她这人过于古板和 认真. 2 stiffly formal in appearance, behaviour or manner （外观、行为或举止上）庄重的: a prim little dress with a white collar 带有白色衣领的十分端庄的连衣裙. primly adv: He didn't reply, but just smiled primly. 他没回答, 只是拘谨地笑了笑. primness n. [U]. prima ballerina / 9pri:mE 9bAlE5ri:nE; `primE 9bAlE`rinE/ leading woman dancer in (a) ballet 芭蕾 舞中首席女演员. prima donna / 9pri:mE 5dCnE; 9primE `dBnE/ 1 leading woman singer in (an) opera 歌剧中担任主 角的女演员. 2 (derog 贬) person who easily gets into a bad temper when others do not do as he wants, when his idea of his own importance is challenged, etc （因气量狭小、妄自尊大等）爱发脾 气的人. prima facie / 9praImE5feIFi:; 9praImE`feFI/ adj [attrib 作定语], adv (esp law 尤用于法律) based on what seems to be so without further or deeper investigation 似乎如此（的）; 未作进一步或深入调 查（的）: prima facie evidence, ie sufficient to establish sth legally (unless it is disproved later) 初步 证据* Prima facie he would appear to be guilty. 初步证据表明他有罪. primacy / 5praImEsI; `praImEsI/ n 1 [U] (fml 文) leadingposition; pre-eminence 首位; 至高无上: the primacy of moral values, the monarchy, the Communist Party 道德价值的高于一切、君权的凌 驾一切、共产党的领导一切. 2 [C] office or position of an archbishop 大主教的职务或职位. primaeval = primeval. primal / 5praIml; `praIml/ adj [attrib 作定语] (fml 文) 1 first or original; primeval 最初的; 原始 的: the loss of their primal innocence 他们原有的天真素质之丧失. 2 chief or most important; fundamental; primary(2) 主要的; 首要的; 基础性的; 根本的: of primal importance 至为重要的. primary / 5praImErI; ?@ -merI; `praI9mZrI/ adj 1 (a) [usuattrib 通常作定语] earliest in time or order of development （在时间或发展顺序上）初始的, 最早的, 开端的, 起步阶段的: in the primary stage of development 在发展的最初阶段* The disease is still in its primary stage. 此病尚处于初 期阶段. * primary causes 始发原因. (b) (also Primary) of the lowest or earliest series of geological strata 最下面的或最早形成的岩层的; 原生的: Primary rocks 原生岩石. 2 [usu attrib 通常作定 语] most important; fundamental 首要的; 基础性的; 根本的: The primary reason for advertising is to sell more goods. 做广告的根本目的是要多出售货物. * the primary (ie basic) meaning of a word 词的基本意义 * This is of primary importance. 这是最重要的. * primary stress/accent, ie the strongest stress given to a syllable in a word or compound (shown in this dictionary by the mark `) 主 重音, 第一重音（标注于单词或复合结构的音节上的最强的重音, 本词典中以｀`＇号表示）. Cf 参看 principal. 3 [attrib 作定语] of or for primary education 初等教育的: primary teachers 小学 教师. Cf 参看 secondary. primarily / 5praImErElI; ?@ praI5merElI; `praI9mZrElI/ adv mainly 主要地: The purpose of the programme is primarily educational. 演出该节目的主要目的是为了进行教育. primary n. (also primary election) (in the US) election in which voters select party candidates for a coming election （美国）（为大选推举党内候选人而进行的）初选: the presidential primaries 提名 总统候选人的初选. primary colour any one of the colours from which all other colours can be obtained by mixing, ie (of dye or paint) red, yellow and blue and (of light) red, green and violet 原色, 基色（指能混合生成其他各种颜色的基本 颜色之一, 染料或颜料中的原色是红、黄、蓝, 光的原色是红、绿、紫）. primary education education in the first years of school, for children of (usu) 5-11 years 初等教育（指通常为5 至11 岁 儿童的小学教育）. primary school 1 (Brit) first school for children of (usu) 5-11 years 小学（儿童年龄通常为5 至11 岁）. 2 (US grade school, grammar school) part of an elementary school, for children of (usu) 6-9 years 初级学校（小学 之初级阶段, 儿童年龄通常为6 至9 岁）. primate / 5praImeIt; `praImet/ n archbishop 大主教; 主教长: the Primate of all England, ie the Archbishop of Canterbury 全英主教长（坎特伯雷大主教）. primate / 5praImeIt; `praImet/ n member of the most highly developed order of mammals that includes human beings, apes, monkeys and lemurs 灵长目动物. prime / praIm; praIm/ adj [attrib 作定语] 1 most important; chief; fundamental 最重要的; 主要的; 基本的: Her prime motive was personal ambition. 她的主要动机是为了实现个人的志向. * Her prime concern is to protect the property. 她最为关心的是保护财产. * It is a matter of prime importance. 此事至为重要. * The prime cause of the trouble was bad management. 造成麻烦的根 本原因在于管理不善. 2 of the best quality; excellent 质量最好的; 第一流的: prime (cuts of) beef 上等牛肉（块）* a prime site for development 最适于发展的场地. 3 having all the expected or typical qualities 最理想的; 最典型的: That's a prime (ie very typical, excellent) example of what I was talking about. 这就是一个恰能印证我所谈的内容的极好的例子. prime cost basic cost of producing or manufacturingsth (ie the cost of materials and labour) not including such additional items as rent and insurance for premises 主要成本（生产或制造所需的基本费用, 包括材 料费和劳务费, 而不包括附加费用如场地的租金和保险金）. prime meridian line of longitude which passes through Greenwich near London, numbered zero, from which the other lines of longitude are calculated 本初子午线（通过伦敦附近之格林尼治的经线, 度数为零, 是计 算东西经度的起点）. prime minister chief minister in a government 首相; （政府）总理. prime mover ( a) fundamental source of power for providing movement, such as wind or water 原动 力（产生动力的力, 如风力或水力）. (b) person who originates a plan, course of action, etc and has it put into practice （计画、行动等的）发起者, 推动者: He was the prime mover in the revolt against the government. 他是这场反政府叛乱的煽动者. prime number ( mathematics 数) number which can be divided exactly only by itself and 1 (eg 7, 17, 41) 质数, 素数（只能被1 和这个数本身整除的数, 如7、 17、 41）. prime time ( in broadcasting) time when the highest number of people are watching or listening （广Oxford Dictionary Translation memory software company ForeignDesk, Okapi Framework, OmegaT, Transolution, AidTransStudio, Cafetran, Déjà Vu (DVX), Heartsome Translation Suite, MemoQ, MetaTexis, Rainbow, SDLX, SDL, STAR Transit, Trados, SDL Trados, Wordfast, WordFisher, Similis, Open Language Tools http://www.transgood.com