TransGood-Translation memory software Trados, SDL, ForeignDesk, Wordfast, WordFisher, Déjà Vu (DVX), 译佳计算机辅助翻译软件, 雅信CAT TransGood, TransMemory, Translation Software Tools, Computer-assisted translation, computer-aided translation, CAT, machine-aided translation, Translation memory software, Terminology management software, Alignment software, Software localization tools, ?bersetzung Software, Logiciels de traduction, Software di traduzione, Traducción de Software, Mémoire de traduction, Tradu??o memória, Memoria de traducción, Memoria di traduzione, Перевод Software, ForeignDesk, Okapi Framework, OmegaT, Transolution, AidTransStudio, Cafetran, Déjà Vu (DVX), Heartsome Translation Suite, MemoQ, MetaTexis, Rainbow, SDLX, SDL, STAR Transit, Trados, SDL Trados, Wordfast, WordFisher, Similis, Open Language Tools, 翻訳ソフトウェア, 翻訳メモリ, 翻译软件 辅助翻译软件 计算机辅助翻译软件 人工智能翻译 翻译工具 专业翻译软件 翻译记忆软件 塔多思 Trados SDL WordFast 雅信CAT 翻译公司 牛津词典 Oxford Dictionary 播或电视的）黄金时间（观众或听众最多的时间）: [attrib 作定语] ,prime-time `advertising, `shows, `slots 安排在黄金时间播出的广告、黄金时间的表演、黄金时间. prime / praIm; praIm/ n [sing] 1 (a) state or time of greatest strength, beauty, vigour, etc 最强壮、 最美丽、最具有活力等的状态或时期: When is a man in his prime? 一个人的盛年在什麽时候? * She is past her prime. 她的大好时光已经过去. (b) state of highest perfection; the best part 最完美 的状态; 最佳部分; 精华: be in the prime of life/youth 正当年富力强[青春大好年华]. 2 (rhet 修 辞) first or earliest part 第一部分; 最早的部分: the prime of the year, ie spring 第一季度（春季）. prime / praIm; praIm/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth/sb (with sth) 1 make sth ready for use or action 将某物准 备好（以便投入使用或起动）: prime a pump, ie put liquid in it to make it start working 给水泵注水 使之起动* prime an explosive device, ie set the trigger 使爆炸装置准备起爆（将引爆器置于待触 发状态）. 2 prepare (wood, etc) for painting by covering it with a substance that prevents the paint from being absorbed 给（木料等）上底色（以便涂漆）. 3 supply sb with facts or information in advance, sometimes dishonestly, so that he can deal with a situation 事先向某人（有时指以不正当手 段）提供情况或讯息（供其采取对策）: The witness had been primed by a lawyer. 这证人曾经受 到律师的指点. * The party representative had been well primed with the facts by party headquarters. 党代表已经掌握了总部提供的事实. * The witness seemed to have been primed (ie instructed) about what to say. 这证人看来经人指点过该说什麽不该说什麽. 4 (infml 口) give sb plenty of food and drink (in preparation for sth) 给某人充足饮食（以备从事某事）: We were well primed for the journey with a large breakfast. 为了去旅行, 我们早餐都吃得饱饱的. 5 (idm 习语) prime the `pump encourage the growth of a new or inactive business or industry by investing money in it 将资 金投入新的或不景气的公司或行业以刺激其发展. primer / 5praImE(r); `prImL/ n (dated 旧) textbook for people just starting to study a subject 初级读 本; 入门书: a Latin primer 拉丁文入门. primer / 5praImE(r); `praImL/ n 1 [U, C] substance usedto prime3(2) a surface for painting （上油漆 用的）底层涂料, 底漆. 2 [C] amount of explosive in a smallcontainer used to explode the main charge of gunpowderin a cartridge, bomb, etc 底火; 火帽; 点火药. primeval (also primaeval) / praI5mi:vl; praI`mivl/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (a) of the earliest period of the history of the world 太古时代的: primeval rocks 太古的岩石. (b) very ancient 远古的; 原始的: primeval forests, ie natural forests, where trees have never been cut down 原始森林. (c) based on instinct rather than reason, as if from the earliest period of the human race 出于原始之天性 的; 基于人类固有之本能的: It aroused strange primeval yearnings in him. 这使他产生了奇怪的、 基于人类固有之本能的强烈欲望. primitive / 5prImItIv; `prImEtIv/ adj 1 [usu attrib 通常作定语] of or at an early stage of social development 社会发展之早期的; 上古的; 原始的: primitive culture, customs, tribes 原始文化、 习俗、部落* primitive man 原始人* primitive weapons, eg bows and arrows, spears 原始的武器 （如弓箭、矛）. 2 (often derog 常作贬义) simple and unsophisticated, as if from an earlier period of history 简陋的; 原始性的: They built a primitive shelter out of tree trunks. 他们用一些树干建造 了一个简陋的棚子. * Living conditions in the camp were pretty primitive. 营地的生活条件甚为原 始. primitive n. (a) painter or sculptor of the period before the Renaissance 文艺复兴前的画家或雕刻 家. (b) artist of the modern period who paints in a simple childlike style (as if) without any formal artistic training （现代的）原始派艺术家（绘画风格简单且带有稚气, 或似未经专业训练者）. (c) example of the work of a primitive 文艺复兴前的画家或雕刻家之作品; 现代的原始派艺术家之作 品. primitively adv. primitiveness n. [U]. primogeniture / 9praImEU5dVenItFE(r); ?@ -tFUEr;9praImo`dVZnEtFJr/ n [U] 1 fact of being a first-born child 长嗣身分. 2 (also right of primogeniture) (law 律) system of inheritance by which an eldest son receives his parents' property 长子继承权. primordial / praI5mR:dIEl; praI`mRrdIEl/ adj [attrib 作定语] (fml 文) existing at or from the beginning, esp of the world or the universe; primeval （从）一开始便存在的（尤指世界或宇宙之 始）; 原始的; 原生的: The universe was created out of a primordial ball of matter. 宇宙是从一个本 来就存在著的球体中产生出来的. primordially / -dIElI; -dIElI/ adv. primp / prImp; prImp/ v (dated 旧) 1 [I, Tn] (derog 贬) tidy (oneself, one's hair, etc) in a fussy way 过于讲究地打扮（自己）、整理（毛发等）: primp and preen in front of a mirror 对著镜子精心打 扮. 2 (phr v) primp oneself up make oneself look smart 把自己打扮得漂漂亮亮. primrose / 5prImrEUz; `prIm9roz/ n 1 [C] (a) wild plant that has pale yellow flowers in spring 报春 花. =>illus at App 1 见附录1 插图, page ii. (b) one of its flowers 一朵报春花. 2 [U] pale yellow colour 报春花色; 淡黄色. 3 (idm 习语) the primrose `path (rhet 修辞) the pursuit of pleasure or an easy life 对安乐或享受的追求: the primrose path to ruin 因贪图享受而走向堕落的道路. primrose adj. of a pale yellow colour 报春花色的; 淡黄色的. primula / 5prImjUlE; `prImjJlE/ n any of various types of plant of the primrose family with clusters of flowers of various colours and sizes, commonly grown in gardens 报春花. Primus / 5praImEs; `praImEs/ n (pl ~es) (also `primus stove) (propr 专利名) type of portable oil-burning stove for cooking on, used eg by campers 普赖默斯油炉（便携式燃油炉, 如野营使用 的）. prince / prIns; prIns/ n 1 (a) male member of a royal family who is not the king, esp (in Britain) a son or grandson of the sovereign 君王家族（除国王外）的男性成员; （在英国尤指）王子, 王孙: the Prince of Wales, ie (in Britain, the title often given to the) heir to the throne 威尔士王储（英国常 授予王位继承人的封号）. (b) hereditary royal ruler, esp of a small state 世袭的王室统治者（尤指 小国的）: Prince Rainier of Monaco 摩纳哥国王雷尼尔. (c) (in some countries) nobleman （某些国 家的）贵族. 2 (fig 比喻) excellent or outstanding man in a particular field 某领域中的优秀的或 杰出的人物: Bocuse, a prince among chefs 博卡斯, 厨师中的佼佼者. princedom / -dEm; -dEm/ n (a) [U] rank of a prince 君王家族男性成员的或小国君主的权位. (b) [C] area ruled by a prince(1b); principality 小国君主的领地; 公国; 候国; 封邑. princely adj. (a) [usu attrib 通常作定语] of, like or ruled by a prince （似）王公贵族的; （似）王 子王孙的; 王公贵族统治的: princely states 由王公贵族统治的小国. (b) (-ier, -iest) splendid or generous 豪华的; 慷慨的: a princely gift, sum 丰厚的礼物、充裕的款项 * (ironic 反语) They paid me the princely sum of 50p. 他们付给我一笔50 便士的巨款. princess / prIn5ses; `prIn9sZs/ n (a) female member of a royal family who is not the queen, esp (in Britain) the daughter or granddaughter of the sovereign 君王家族（除女王或王后外）的女性成员; （在英国尤指）公主, 孙公主: Princess Margaret 玛格丽特公主. (b) wife of a prince 王公贵族的夫 人; 王妃. ,Princess `Royal (in Britain) (title often given to the) eldest daughter of the sovereign 大公 主（英国常授予君主之长女的封号）. Prince Consort ( title often given to the) husband of a reigning queen 王夫（女王的丈夫）; 王夫的 封号. principal / 5prInsEpl; `prInsEpl/ adj [attrib 作定语] first in rank or importance; chief; main 级别最高 的; 最重要的; 为首的; 主要的: the principal members of the government 政府高级官员 * The Danube is one of the principal rivers of Europe. 多瑙河是欧洲的主要河流之一. * The principal aim of the policy is to bring peace to the area. 该政策的主要目的是为给这一地区带来和平. * The low salary is her principal reason for leaving the job. 工资太低是她辞去那工作的最重要的原因. * the principal beneficiaries of a will 遗嘱中继承遗产的主要受益人. Cf 参看 primary2. principal n. 1 (title of the) person with the highest authority in an organization, esp in certain schools and colleges 某组织的最高领导人（之称号）; （尤指某些学校和学院的）校长, 院长: the Principal of St James' College 圣詹姆斯学院院长. 2 person who takes a leading part in a play, an opera, etc （话剧、歌剧等中的）主角, 主要演员. 3 (usu sing 通常作单数) (finance 财) money lent or invested on which interest is paid; capital sum 本金; 资本: repay principal and interest 付还 本金和利息. 4 person for whom another acts as his agent, eg in business or law 被代理人, 委托人 （如于商务或法律事务等）: I must consult my prinicipals before agreeing to your proposal. 我得同 委托人商量后才能接受你的建议. 5 (law 律) person directly responsible for a crime (contrasted with an accessory or abetter) 主犯. principally / -plI; -plI/ adv for the most part; chiefly 多半; 主要地: The dialect is spoken principally in the rural areas. 该方言主要通行于农村地区. * Weymouth is principally a holiday resort. 韦茅斯主要来说是个度假胜地. principal boy leading male role in a pantomime, traditionally played by a woman 童话剧中的男主角（一向由女演 员扮演）. principal parts ( in English) those forms of a verb (ie the infinitive, past tense and past participle) from which all other forms can be derived （英语中动词的）主要部分（即不定式、过去式和过 去分词）. principle NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Note that principle is a noun relating to rules of behaviour 注意: principle 是名词, 指行为的规范: She leads her life according to Christian principles. 她以基督教教 义作为生活的准则. Principal is a (rather formal) adjective meaning `main' or `most important' *principal 是（较文的）形容词, 意为｀主要的＇或｀最重要的＇: My principal concern is my family's welfare. 我至为关心的是我一家的幸福. * the principal objections to the proposal 对该项建议的 主要反对意见. As a noun it is used for the director of certain educational institutions (usually in further education) 该词若用作名词则指某些教育机构（通常属继续教育性质）之领导人: The principal and the vice-principal of the college both attended the meeting. 学院的正副院长均出席了 会议. principality / 9prInsI5pAlEtI; 9prInsE`pAlEtI/ n 1 country ruled by a prince 由王公贵族统治的小 国; 公国; 侯国: the principality of Monaco 摩纳哥公国. 2 the Principality [sing] (Brit) Wales 威 尔士. principle / 5prInsEpl; `prInsEpl/ n 1 [C] basic general truth that underlies sth (eg a subject or a system of morality) 原理; 原则: a textbook which teaches the basic principles of geometry 讲解几 何学基本原理的教科书* the principle of equality of opportunity for all 人人机会均等的原则 * Discussing all these details will get us nowhere: we must get back to first principles. 讨论这些枝节 问题是毫无用处的, 我们必须回到基本原则上来. 2 (a) [C usu pl 通常作复数] guiding rule for personal behaviour （行为的）准则, 规范: principles of conduct 行为的准则* live according to/up to one's principles 按自己的标准行事* She seems to have no principles at all (ie behaves immorally) when it is a question of making money. 一碰到赚钱的事, 她就好像完全不顾自己的人格了. * It would be against my principles to lie to you. 对你说假话是违背我的行为准则的. (b) [U] these rules 操守; 道义; 为人之道: a woman of (high) principle 操守好的女人* He is quite without principle, ie behaves immorally. 他完全没有道德观念（做的事不道德）. * It is a matter of principle with her to answer her children's questions honestly. 如实地答覆孩子们的询问对她来说是关系到做人的大问 题. 3 [sing] general or scientific law shown in the way a thing works, or used as the basis for constructing a machine, etc （事物的）工作原理; （机器等的）构造原理: These machines both work on the same principle. 这两台机器的工作原理是相同的. * The system works on the principle that heat rises. 该项装置是按照热力上升的原理运转的. =>Usage at principal 用法见principal. 4 (idm 习语) in principle (a) as far as basic principles are concerned 原则上: There's no reason in principle why people couldn't travel to Mars, ie It is possible, though it has not yet been done. 从理论 上讲, 没有理由认为人不能到火星上去（尽管目前还做不到, 但却是可能的）. (b) in general but not in detail 大体上; 基本上: They have agreed to the proposal inprinciple but we still have to negotiate the terms. 他们基本上同意了那项提议, 但我们仍须商定条件. on principle because of one's (moral) principles or a fixed belief 依据自己的（道德）原则或所确定的信念: Many people are opposed to the sale of arms on principle. 许多人根据自己的是非观反对出售武器. principled adj. (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) based on or having (esp good) principles (principle 2) of behaviour 依据或有（尤指良好的）行为准则的; 按原则的; 有原则性的: a (high-)principled man 品格高尚的人 * low-principled behaviour 品格低下的行为 * I have no principled objection to it, ie no objection based on moral scruples. 从道德上来说, 我并不反对此事. print / prInt; prInt/ n 1 [U] letters, words, numbers, etc in printed form 印出的字母、词、数字等; 印刷字体: Headlines are written in large print. 标题是用大号字体印刷的. * The print is too small for me to read without glasses. 印刷字体太小, 我不带眼镜就看不清. 2 [C] (esp in compounds 尤 用以构成复合词) mark left on a surface where sth has (been) pressed on it 印痕; 印记: `fingerprints * `footprints. 3 [C] (a) picture or design made by printing from an inked surface （印成的）图画, 图 案, 版画: an old Japanese print 古老的日本版画* a series of prints of London life 一组伦敦生活 的画片. (b) photograph printed from a negative （由底片印出的）照片: colour prints 彩色照片. 4 [U, C] printed cotton fabric 印花布: She bought a/some flowery print to make a summer dress. 她买 了一块[一些]有花卉图案的印花布做夏天的连衣裙. * [attrib 作定语] a print dress 印花布连衣裙. 5 (idm 习语) in print (a) (of a book) available for sale from the publisher （指书）已印好, 可买到: Is that volume still in print? 那册书还能买到吗? (b) (of a person's work) printed in a book, newspaper, etc （指作品）已印出, 已出版: It was the first time he had seen himself/his work in print. 这是他第 一次看见自己的作品出版. ,out of `print (of a book) no longer available from the publisher （指书） 已销售一空的, 绝版的: Her first novel is out of print now but you may find a second-hand copy. 她 的第一部小说现已绝版, 不过你可以找本旧的. rush into print => rush1. the small `print => small. print / prInt; prInt/ v 1 (a) [Tn] make letters, pictures, etc on (paper) by pressing an inked surface against it 在（纸）上印字母、图画等; 印在（纸）上: The first 64 pages of the book have been printed. 该书的前 64 页已印出. * They bought a new machine to print the posters. 他们购置了一台新机器, 用来印海报. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (in/on sth) make (letters, pictures, etc) on paper by pressing an inked surface against it 在纸上印（字母、图画等）: The poems were printed on a small hand press. 这些诗是在一台小型手动印刷机上印的. * You surely won't print (ie publish, esp in a newspaper) such a scandalous allegation. 你绝不会让这种造谣中伤的言论披露见报的吧. * (fig 比喻) The events printed themselveson her memory, ie could not be forgotten. 这些事铭刻在她的记忆中. (c) [Tn] make (books, pictures, etc) in this way 印刷（书籍、图画等）: The publisher has printed10000 copies of the book. 这本书出版社已印了10000 册. * The firm specializes in printing advertisements. 这家公司专印广告. 2 [I, Tn] write (with) separated letters like those used in printing (rather than joined together as in handwriting) 用印刷体写; 写印刷体: Children learn to print when they first go to school. 儿童刚入学时学习用印刷体写字. * The child carefully printed his name in capitals at the bottom of his picture. 那孩子在他那张图画的下面用印刷体大写字母仔细地书写了自己的名字. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (in/on sth) press (a mark or design) on a surface 打上（印记）; 印（图案）: print letters in the sand 在沙上画出字母* print a flower design on cotton fabric 在棉织品上印花卉图案. 4 [Tn] make a design on (a surface or fabric) by pressing a surface against it which has been coloured with ink or dye 将图案印在（某表面或织物）上: printed cotton, wallpaper 印花棉布、壁纸. 5 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (off) make (a photograph) from a negative film or plate 由底片或感光板印（照片）: How many copies shall I print (off) for you? 你要我印多少份? 6 [I] (a) (of a photograph) be produced from a negative film or plate （指照片）由底片或感光板印出: This snapshot hasn't printed very well. 这张快照印出来不太清楚. (b) (of a plate or film) produce a picture （指感光板或胶片）印出照片: This plate has been damaged it won't print very well. 这感光板坏了--印出来好不了. 7 (idm 习 语) a licence to print money => licence. the ,printed `word what is published in books, newspapers, etc 刊在书、报等上的文字: the power of the printed word to influence people's attitudes 书刊文字对人 们态度的影响力. 8 (phr v) print (sth) out (computing 计) (of a machine) produce (information from a computer) in printed form （指机器）打印出（计算机中的信息）. printable / -Ebl; -Ebl/ adj fit to be published or printed 可印刷的; 可刊印的; 适于出版的: The article is too badly written to be printable. 这篇文章写得很糟糕, 不宜发表. * His comment when he heard the news was not printable! ie was too rude to be printed. 他在得知这消息时所发的议论不 宜见诸报端（语言粗俗难登大雅之堂）. printer n. 1 (a) person whose job is printing 印刷工人; 印刷业者. (b) owner of a printing firm 印 刷商. 2 machine for printing, esp one attached to a computer, word processor, etc 打印机（尤指计 算机、文字处理机等配用的）. printing n. (a) [U] action or art of printing 印刷（术）: They have made a good job of the printing. 他们干印刷工作很出色. * The invention of printing caused important changes in society. 印刷术的 发明在社会上引起了重大的变化. * [attrib 作定语] a printing error 印刷上的错误. (b) [C] number of copies of a book printed at one time; impression （书的）一次印数, 印次: a printing of 5000 copies5000 册的印数. `printing-ink ink used for the printing of books, newspapers, etc 印刷油墨. `printing-press(also `printing-machine) n machine for printing books,newspapers, etc 印刷机. printed circuit electric circuit with thin strips of conducting material (instead of wires) on a flat sheet 印刷电路; 印 制电路. printed matter (also ,printed `papers) printed material(eg newspapers, magazines) which may be sent by post at a reduced rate 印刷品（如 报刊, 邮费较廉）. printout / 5prIntaUt; `prInt9aJt/ n [C, U] (piece of) material produced in printed form from a computer or teleprinter （计算机或电传打字机的）打印出的资料: Get me a printout of the statistics. 给我一份打印出的统计资料. prior / 5praIE(r); `praIL/ adj [attrib 作定语] coming before in time, order or importance 较早的; 居 先的; 较重要的: They have a prior claim to the property, ie one which invalidates any other claim(s), eg because based on an earlier legal agreement. 他们有优先获得该房地产的权利（如根据先前的合 法契约）. * My children have a prior claim on my time. 我的时间首先得用来照顾我的孩子. * I shall have to refuse your invitation because of a prior engagement. 我因有约在先, 所以只好谢绝你 的邀请. * You need no prior knowledge to be able to do thistest. 不必预先学习, 就能做这项测试. Cf 参看 posterior 1. prior to prep. (fml 文) before 在...之前: We received no notification prior to today's date, ie before today. 我们在今日之前未获通知. prior / 5praIE(r); `praIL/ n (fem 阴性作prioress / 5praIErIs, also 9praIE5res; `praIErIs/) (a) person who is head of a religious order, or of a monastery or convent （教派的）首领; （小的修道院的） 院长. (b) (in an abbey) person next in rank below an abbot or abbess （大的修道院的）副院长. priory / 5praIErI; `praIErI/ n monastery governed by a prior or convent governed by a prioress 小的 修道院. a priori / 9eI praI5R:raI; `epraI`RraI/ (using reasoning that proceeds) from known causes to imagined effects, eg saying `They've been walking all day so they must be hungry.' （用推理方法）由已知原因 推测出结果（如说: ｀他们走了一整天, 那麽他们一定饿了.＇） Cf 参看 a posteriori. priority / praI5CrEtI; ?@ -5R:r-; praI`RrEtI/ n 1 [U] ~ (over sb/sth) (a) (state of) being more important (in rank) 居要位; 居领导地位: Japan's priority (over other countries) in the field of microelectronics 日本在微电子学领域中的领先（于其他国家）. (b) right to have or do sth before others 优先权: I have priority over you in my claim. 在要求此事方面, 我比你有优先权. (c) right to proceed ahead of other traffic （车辆的）优先通行权: Vehicles coming from the right have priority. 从右边驶来的车辆享有优先通行权. 2 (a) [C] thing that is (regarded as) more important than others （被视为）优先的事物: You must decide what your priorities are. 你应该分清轻重缓急. * Housework is low on her list of priorities. 在她那些非做不可的事情中, 家务活并不重要. * Rebuilding the area is a (top) priority. 重建这一地区是当务之急. (b) [U] ~ (over sth) high or top place among various things to be done （工作的）重点; 应优先解决的问题: The Government gave (top) priority to reforming the legal system. 政府将改革法制列为工作的重点. * The search for a new vaccine took priority over all other medical research. 在各种医药研究中, 应首先解决寻找新 疫苗的问题. * [attrib 作定语] Priority cases, such as homeless families, get dealt with first. 重点事 项如缺房户问题, 要首先著手解决. 3 (idm 习语) get one's priorities right, wrong, etc know/not know what is most important and act accordingly 能[不能]按轻重缓急行事: Your trouble is you've got your priorities back to front! 你因为本末倒置才出了麻烦! prise (also esp US prize) / praIz; praIz/ v 1 [Tn.p, Cn.a] ~ sth off/up use force to open (a box, etc) or remove (a lid, etc) 强行打开（箱子等）或移去（盖等）: She used a chisel to prise off the lid. 她 用錾子来把盖子凿开. * The box had been prised open. 箱子撬开了. 2 (phr v) prise sth out of sb force sb to reveal sth 强迫某人披露某事物: She'd promised not to talk, and nothing we could do could prise the information out of her. 她答应保守秘密, 无论我们用什麽方法她也不说出来. Cf 参看 pry2. prism / 5prIzEm; `prIzEm/ n 1 solid geometric shape with ends that are parallel and of the same size and shape, and with sides that are parallelograms 棱柱（体）. 2 transparent object of this shape, usu triangular and made of glass, which breaks up ordinary light into the colours of the rainbow 棱柱体透 明物; （通常指）棱镜, 三棱镜. =>illus at spectrum 见 spectrum 插图. prismatic / prIz5mAtIk; prIz`mAtIk/ adj 1 of, like or being a prism （似）棱柱或棱镜的; 棱柱形的. 2 (of colours) bright, clear and varied; rainbow-like （指色彩）光彩夺目的, 五光十色的. 3 that uses a prism 使用棱镜的; 含棱柱体的: a prismatic compass 棱镜罗盘* prismatic binoculars 棱 镜式双目望远镜. prison / 5prIzn; `prIzn/ n 1 [C] (a) place where people are kept locked up as a punishment for crimes they have committed or while awaiting trial 监狱; 看守所: The prisons are overcrowded. 监狱人满 为患. * A modern prison has replaced the Victorian one. 一所现代化的监狱取代了那所维多利亚时 代的监狱. * [attrib 作定语] the prison population, ie the total number of prisoners in a country 监押 人数（一个国家的囚犯总数）. (b) (derog 贬) place from which sb cannot escape 某人无法逃脱的 地方; 牢笼: Now that he was disabled, his house had become a prison to him. 因为他残废了, 他的 房子就成了他的牢笼. * (fig 比喻) the prison of one's mind 思想上的束缚. 2 [U] being kept in a prison, esp as a punishment for crime; imprisonment 被监禁; （尤指）服刑; 坐牢: She's gone to/is in prison. 她已入狱[在狱中]. * escape from, be released from, come out of prison 越狱、释放、出狱 * He was sent to prison for five years. 他判了五年监禁. * Does prison do anything to prevent crime? 采取关押方法对制止犯罪有作用吗? =>Usage at school1 用法见 school1. prisoner n. 1 (a) person kept in prison, as a punishment or awaiting trial 犯人; 囚犯; 被拘押的刑 事被告: a prison built to hold 500 prisoners 可容纳500 名囚犯的监狱* political prisoners, ie those put in prison because of their political beliefs 政治犯（由于政治信仰而被监禁者）* Prisoner at the bar, do you plead guilty or not guilty? 接受审讯的刑事被告, 你认罪不认罪? (b) person, animal, etc that has been captured and is being kept in confinement; captive 被抓起来的人; 被捕获的动物等: You are our prisoner now and we won't release you until a ransom is paid. 你现已遭我们禁锢, 要到 交出赎金以后, 才能放你走. * He spent two years as the prisoner of rebel soldiers in the mountains. 他被山里的叛军抓走有两年之久. * (fig 比喻) The wretched man is the prisoner of (ie controlled by) his own greed. 这个坏家伙完全被贪心所支配. 2 (idm 习语) hold/take sbcaptive/prisoner => captive. ,prisoner of `conscienceperson kept in prison because of an act of social or political protest 政治犯（因从事社会或政治反抗活动而被监禁的人）. ,prisoner of `war (abbr 缩写 POW) person (usu a member of the armed forces) captured during a war by the enemy and kept in prison (usu a prison camp) until the end of the war 战俘. prison camp guarded camp where prisoners, esp prisoners of war or political prisoners, are kept 集中营, 劳改营 （尤指监禁战俘或政治犯的）. prissy / 5prIsI; `prIsI/ adj (-ier, -iest) (derog 贬) annoyinglyprecise and fussy, and (claiming to be) easily shocked by improper things 谨小慎微的; 过于认真的; 大惊小怪的. prissily adv. prissiness n. [U]. pristine / 5prIsti:n, also 5prIstaIn; `prIstin/ adj 1 (a) in its original condition; unspoilt 原始状态的; 未受损的: a pristine copy of the book's first edition 保持第一版之原貌的一本书. (b) (approv 褒) fresh and clean, as if new 新鲜而纯净的; 清新的: in pristine condition 处于全新的状况 * The ground was covered in a pristine layer of snow. 地上覆盖著一层皑皑积雪. 2 [attrib 作定语] (rhet 修辞) primitive; ancient 原始的; 远古的: a remnant of some pristine era 某原始时期的残迹. privacy / 5prIvEsI, 5praIv-; `praIvEsI/ n [U] 1 state of being alone or undisturbed 独处或不受干扰 的状况: A high wall round the estate protected their privacy. 庄园周围有一堵高墙, 使他们不受外 界打扰. * He preferred to read the documents in the privacy of his study. 他比较喜欢在书房里无干 扰的情况下阅读文件. 2 freedom from interference or public attention 不受干扰或不受公众注目 的自由; 私人权利; 个人自由: Newspapers often don't respect the individual's right to privacy. 报纸 的报道往往不尊重私人权利. * She complained that the questions were an invasion of (her) privacy. 她投诉这些问题侵犯了她的个人自由. private / 5praIvIt; `praIvIt/ adj 1 [esp attrib 尤作定语] of, belonging to or for the use of one particular person or group only; personal 私人的; 私有的; 私用的; 个人的: father's own private chair, which no one else is allowed to use 父亲专用的椅子, 别人一概不许使用* a private letter, ie about personal matters 私人信件* private property 私有财产* a private income/private means, ie money not earned as a salary, etc but coming from personal property, investments, etc 私产所得（由 个人财产、投资等获得而非来自工资等之收入） * private fishing 私人捕鱼活动 * `Is this a hotel?' `No, it's a private house.' ｀这是旅馆吗?＇｀不是, 这是私人住宅.＇ 2 (a) not (to be) revealed to others; secret 不公开的; 秘密的: I'm not going to tell you about it; it's private. 我不打算 把此事告诉你; 这是私事. * That's my private opinion. 这是我私下持有的见解. (b) not liking to share thoughts and feelings with others 不喜欢与他人交流思想感情的: He's a rather private person. 他不太喜欢和别人交流思想感情. 3 (of a conversation, meeting, etc) with only a small number of participants, esp two, and kept secret from others （指谈话、会议等）只有少数人（尤指两人）参 加并对其他人保密的: I'd like a private chat with you. 我想跟你私下谈谈. 4 (a) (of a place) quiet and free from intruders （指场所）清静的, 不受侵扰的: Let's find some private spot where we can discuss the matter. 咱们找个清静的地方谈谈这个问题吧. (b) [usu pred 通常作表语] (of people) undisturbed by others; alone together （指人们）不受他人打扰; 无外人: Let's go upstairs where we can be a bit more private. 咱们上楼吧, 那里没什麽外人. 5 (a) [attrib 作定语] having no official job or position 无官方职务或职位的: She is acting as a private individual in this matter. 她在这个 问题上只代表她个人意见. * a private citizen 平民. (b) not connected with one's work or official position 与工作或官职无关的: The Queen is making a private visit to Canada. 女王正对加拿大进 行私人访问. * The public is fascinated by the private lives of public figures. 公众对社会名流的私 生活具有浓厚的兴趣. 6 of, belonging to or carried out by an individual or an independent company rather than the State; not state-controlled 个体（经营）的; 私营的; 民办的; 不受国家控制的: private industry 私营企业* the private sector, ie of the economy 私营部门* private education, medicine, medical treatment, etc 民办教育、私人行医、民间疗法* a private school 私立学校 * a private patient, ie (in Britain) not on the National Health Service 自费病人（英国不享受国民保健 署资助者）* a private pension plan 私营企业的养老金制* a private detective/investigator, ie one not employed by the police 私人侦探. Cf 参看 public. private n. 1 [C] soldier of the lowest rank 士兵; 列兵: He enlisted as a private. 他入伍当了士兵. * Private Smith 列兵史密斯. =>App 9 见附录9. 2 privates [pl] (infml 口) = private parts. 3 (idm 习语) in private with no one else present 无他人在场; 私下地: She asked to see him in private. 她请求单独与他见面. privately adv: The matter was arranged privately. 事情已私下作了安排. * He supported the official policy in public, but privately he knew it would fail. 他在公开的场合里拥护官方的政策, 而在私下里却明 白那是行不通的. * a privately-owned firm 私有的公司. private company business firm that does not issue shares to the general public 私人公司（不向公众发行股票者）; 股 份不公开公司. private enterprise management of business byindependent companies or private individuals, as opposedto state control 私营企业. private eye ( infml 口) private detective 私人侦探. private member ( Brit) member of the House of Commons who is not a minister 普通议员（下议院 中非内阁成员者）. ,private `member's bill bill presented to Parliament by a private member 普通议 员向议会提交的法案. private parts ( euph 婉) genitals 私处, 阴部（生殖器）. private soldier ( fml 文) = private n 1. privateer / 9praIvE5tIE(r); 9praIvE`tIr/ n (formerly) (captainof or sailor on a) ship used for attacking and robbing other ships; pirate (ship) （旧时）（用来攻击和劫掠其他船只的）私人武装船, 私掠船, 私掠船的船长或船员, 海盗（船）. privation / praI5veIFn; praI`veFEn/ n (fml 文) 1 [C usu pl, U 作可数名词时通常作复数, 亦作不 可数名词] lack of things necessary for life; deprivation （生活必需品的）匮乏; 贫困: The survivors suffered many privations before they were rescued. 那些生还者在获救以前备尝艰辛. * a life of privation and misery 贫苦的生活. 2 [C] state of being deprived of sth (not necessarily sth essential) （某事物之）被剥夺（不一定为必需之事物）; 丧失: She didn'tfind the lack of a car any great privation. 她觉得没有汽车并非重大缺憾. * It would be the greatest imaginable privation for her to have to leave London. 对她来说, 不得不离开伦敦大概是能想像到的最大的损失. privatize, privatise / 5praIvItaIz; `praIvEt9aIz/ v [Tn] transfer (sth) from state ownership to private ownership; denationalize 将（某物）由国家所有转为私人所有; 使（某物）私有化. Cf 参看 nationalize 1. privatization, privatisation / 9praIvItaI5zeIFn; ?@ -tI5z-; 9praIvEtE`zeFEn/ n [U]: the privatization of the steel industry 钢铁工业的私有化. privet / 5prIvIt; `prIvIt/ n [U] evergreen bush with small leaves and small white flowers, often used for garden hedges 女贞（常绿灌木, 长有小叶子, 开小白花, 常用作园篱）: [attrib 作定语] a privet hedge 女贞树篱. privilege / 5prIvElIdV; `prIvlIdV/ n 1 (a) [C] special right or advantage available only to a particular person, class or rank, or to the holder of a certain position 特有的权利、利益或好处: Parking in this street is the privilege of the residents. 在这条街上停车是此处居民特有的权利. * the privileges of birth, eg the benefits of belonging to a wealthy family 与生俱来的优越（如生于富贵之家而有的利 益）. (b) [U] (derog 贬) rights and advantages possessed by the rich and powerful people in a society （有钱有势者的）特权, 特别待遇: They fought against privilege in order to create a fairer society. 他们进行反对特权的斗争以便建立较为公平的社会. * She had led a life of luxury and privilege. 她过著养尊处优的生活. 2 [C] (a) special benefit given to sb as a favour 特别给予的好处或待遇: Older pupils enjoy special privileges. 岁数较大的学童受到优待. * `Thank you for showing us your collection of paintings.' `It's my privilege (ie I am honoured to do so).' ｀感谢你让我们观赏你所收 藏的画.＇｀同欢共赏, 不胜荣幸.＇ * Use of the library is a privilege, not a right. 使用该图书馆是 一项特殊的照顾,而不是一种权利. (b) thing that gives one great enjoymentand that most people do not have the opportunity to do 特别的荣幸: It was a privilege to hear her sing/hearing her sing. 能听 她唱歌十分荣幸. 3 [C, U] right to do or say things without risking punishment （无受惩之虞的） 言行自由权: an Act which granted the trade unions certain legal privileges 特准工会享有某些合法 言行自由权的法案* parliamentary privilege, ie the right of Members of Parliament to say things in the House of Commons which might result in an accusation of libel if said outside it 议会言论自由权 （国会议员在下议院自由发言的特权, 若在国会以外发表则可能被控以诽谤罪） * a breach of privilege, ie breaking the rules of parliamentary behaviour 违反议会言论自由权. privileged adj. 1 (a) (sometimes derog 有时作贬义) having privilege(s) 享有特权的; 享受特殊 待遇的; 获得优待的: She came from a privileged background. 她出身于特权阶层. * a policy of making higher education available to all and not just a privileged few 使高等教育面向全民而并非 少数人的特权的一项政策. (b) [pred 作表语] honoured 荣幸: We are very privileged to have Senator Dobbs with us this evening. 今晚有多布斯参议员光临, 我们感到十分荣幸. 2 that need not be revealed; legally secret 无须公开的; 有权保守秘密的: a privileged communication 特许保 密通讯* This information is privileged. 这项消息无须公开. privy / 5prIvI; `prIvI/ adj 1 [attrib 作定语] (arch 古) private; secret 个人的; 私人的; 秘密的: a privy matter 私事. 2 [pred 作表语] ~ to sth (fml 文) sharing in the secret of sth 私下知情; 参与 秘事: They were accused of being privy to the plot against the king. 他们被控欺君谋反、知情不举. * I wasn't privy to the negotiations. 我对那些谈判并不知情. privily adv (arch 古) privately; secretly 私下地; 秘密地. privy n. primitive lavatory, esp out of doors 简陋厕所（尤指室外的）. Privy Council body of statesmen, politicians, etc appointed by the sovereign formerly as advisers on affairs of State, but now (in Britain) more as a personal honour for its members 枢密院. ,Privy `Councillor (also ,Privy `Counsellor) member of the Privy Council 枢密院官员. privy purse amount of money given by the British government for the Sovereign's private expenses （英国政府拨 付给国君的）私用金. privy seal British national seal formerly fixed to documents of minor importance （英国的）王玺（旧时用于次 要的文件上）: Lord Privy Seal, ie the senior British government minister without official duties （英 国）掌玺大臣（无正式职务的资深官员）. Nobel Prize / nEU9bel 5praIz; `no9bZl `praIz/ each of six international prizes awarded each year for outstanding achievements in the fields of science, literature and the promotion of world peace 诺贝尔 奖: the winner of this year's Nobel Prize for chemistry 诺贝尔化学奖今年的获奖者. prize / praIz; praIz/ n 1 award given to the winner of a competition, race, etc （给予获胜者的）奖, 奖励, 奖赏, 奖品, 奖金: She won first prize in the 100 metres race. 她在百米赛跑中获头奖. * Her book gained several literary prizes. 她写的书获得好几种文学奖. 2 thing (that can be) won in a lottery or a gambling game （在抽彩或赌博中所中的）奖, 彩金: He won the 20000 prize on the football pools. 他赢得足球普尔彩金20000 英镑. * She had the prize-winning lottery ticket. 她抽到 了得奖的彩票. * [attrib 作定语] prize money 奖金. 3 (fig 比喻) thing of value worth struggling for 值得争取的有价值的事物: The greatest prize of all world peace is now within our grasp. 我 们为之奋斗的最可贵的事物--世界和平--已指日可待. 4 (esp formerly) ship or its cargo captured at sea during a war （尤指旧时）战时捕获的敌船或其货物, 海上战利品. prize adj. [attrib 作定语] (a) winning or likely to win a prize; excellent of its kind （可能）获奖的; 该得奖的; 出类拔萃的: prize cattle 优选的牛* a prize exhibit in the flower show 在花展中获奖 的展品. (b) (infml ironic 口, 反语) outstandingly bad; complete 糟透了的; 十足的: a prize ass, fool, idiot, etc 不折不扣的笨蛋、傻瓜、白痴等. prize v. [Tn] value (sth) highly 对（某事物）高度重视; 珍视（某事物）: The portrait of her mother was her most prized possession. 她母亲的这张肖像是她最珍爱的物品. * I prize my independence too much to go and work for them. 我决不愿意丧失自己的独立性去为他们效劳. prize day (also `prize-giving day) annual school ceremony at which prizes are given to the best pupils 颁奖日（学校一年一度的仪式）. prize-fight n. boxing match fought for money 职业拳击赛. prize-fighter n. prize ( esp US) = prise. per pro / 9p\: 5prEU; 9p[ `pro/ abbr 缩写= pp 2. pro / prEU; pro/ n (idm 习语) the pros and cons arguments for and against sth 赞成和反对的论据: Let's add up the pros and cons. 咱们把正反两方面的意见总结一下吧. pro / prEU; pro/ n (pl ~s) (infml 口) professional, esp a professional sportsman 从事某种职业的人; （尤指）职业运动员: a golf pro 高尔夫球职业选手 * (approv 褒) He's a real pro. 他够得上专业 水平. * [attrib 作定语] a pro footballer 职业足球运动员. pro- pref. 前缀1 (with ns and adjs 与名词和形容词连用) in favour of; supporting 亲; 支持: pro-abortion * pro-American. Cf 参看 anti-. 2 (with ns 与名词连用) acting as 代; 代理: pro-vice-chancellor * pronoun. PRO abbr. 缩写= 1 Public Record Office 档案局. 2 / 9pi: B:r 5EU; 9pi Br `o/ (infml 口) public relations officer 公共关系人员. pro forma / 9prEU 5fR:mE; pro`fRrmE/ adj, adv as a matter of convention 作为惯例; 形式上（的）. pro forma (also pro forma invoice) invoice that gives details of goods that have been sent, but does not request payment 形式发票, 估价 单（开列所发货物之清单, 但不要求付款）. pro rata / 9prEU 5rB:tE; pro`rBtE/ adj, adv (fml 文) proportional(ly) 成比例（的）: If production costs go up, there will be a pro rata increase in prices/prices will increase pro rata. 若生产成本增加, 则价 格也要相应提高. pro tem / 9prEU 5tem; pro`tZm/ abbr 缩写 = (infml 口) for the time being; temporarily (Latin pro tempore) 暂时, 临时（源自拉丁文pro tempore）: This arrangement will have to do pro tem. 暂时 只好这样安排. quid pro quo / 9kwId prEU 5kwEU; 9kwIdpro`kwo/ n (pl quid pro quos) thing given in return for sth else 补偿物; 交换物: Please accept the use of our cottage as a quid pro quo for lending us your car. 请尽管使用我们的村舍, 以酬谢借给我们汽车之事. probability / 9prCbE5bIlEtI; 9prBbE`bIlEtI/ n 1 [U] likelihood 可能性: There is little probability of his succeeding/that he will succeed. 他不大可能成功. * What is the probability of its success? 其成 功的可能性如何? 2 [C] thing that is (most) probable; probable event or result （很）可能有的事物; 可能发生的事; 可能出现的结果: What are the probabilities? 可能发生什麽事? * A fall in interest rates is a probability in the present economic climate. 从目前的经济情势看, 很有可能降低利率. 3 [C] (mathematics 数) ratio expressing the chances that a certain event will occur 概率; 或然率. 4 (idm 习语)in ,all proba`bility very probably 极有可能: In all probability he's already left. 他很可能 已经离开了. probable / 5prCbEbl; `prBbEbl/ adj that may be expected to happen or to be so; likely 有望发生或实 现的; 可能的: With England leading 3-0, the probable result is an England victory/England are the probable winners. 由于英格兰队以3 比0 领先, 最后的结果可能是英格兰队获胜[英格兰队可能 成为优胜者]. * Rain is possible but not probable this evening. 今晚可能有雨, 但不一定准下. * It seems probable that he will arrive before dusk. 他似乎有可能黄昏前到达. probable n. ~ (for sth) person or thing most likely to be chosen, eg for a sports team or as the winner; probable candidate, winner, etc 很有可能被选中（如选拔运动队员）的人; 很有可能获胜的人; 大 有希望的候选者、竞争者等: He is a probable for the national team. 他很有可能被选入国家队. * The book is a probable for the prize. 该书很有希望获奖. probably / -EblI; -EblI/ adv almost certainly 几乎肯定; 很可能; 大概: He's late he's probably stuck in a traffic jam. 他迟到了--很可能是由于交通阻塞耽误了. * `Will you be coming?' `Probably.' ｀你来吗?＇｀很可能来.＇ * `Can he hear us?' `Probably not.' ｀他听得见我们的话 吗?＇｀大概听不见.＇ probate / 5prEUbeIt; `probet/ n (law 律) 1 [U] official process of proving that a will is correct 遗嘱 检验; 遗嘱认证: apply for/take out probate 申请检验遗嘱* grant probate 通过对遗嘱的认证 * [attrib 作定语] a probate court 遗嘱检验法庭. 2 [C] copy of a will with an official certificate that it is correct 经认证的遗嘱. probate v. [Tn] (US) = prove 2. probation / prE5beIFn; ?@ prEU-; pro`beFEn/ n [U] 1 (law 律) (system of) keeping an official check on the behaviour of (esp young) people found guilty of crime as an alternative to sending them to prison 缓刑（制）（尤指对年轻犯人施行的）: sentenced to three years' probation 被判处缓刑三 年. 2 testing of a person's abilities or behaviour to find out if he or she is suitable （对人的）试用 （期）: There's a three-month period of probation/probationperiod for new recruits. 新加入的人员有 三个月试用期. 3 (idm 习语) on probation (a) (of a law-breaker) undergoing a period of probation(1) （指违法者）服缓刑: He's been released from prison on probation, ie If he does not behave satisfactorily he will be sent back. 他获释服缓刑（若表现不好则重新收监）. (b) being tested before being finally accepted in employment, etc （受雇者）在试用期中. probationary / prE5beIFnrI; ?@ prEU5beIFEnerI; pro`beFEn9ZrI/ adj of or for probation 缓刑的; （指人）试用的: a probationary period 试用期. probationer / -FEnE(r); -FEnL/ n 1 hospital nurse beingtrained and still on probation(2) 见习护士. 2 law-breakersentenced to a period of probation(1) or released from prison on probation 缓刑犯; 获 释而服缓刑者. probation officer person whose job is to supervise law-breakers who are on probation 监视缓刑犯的官员; 缓刑监督 官. probe / prEUb; prob/ n 1 tool for examining a place whichcannot be reached otherwise, esp a thin implement with a blunt end used by a doctor for examining a wound 探查工具; 探测器; （尤指医生 用的）探子, 探针. 2 (also `space probe) unmanned spacecraft which obtains information about space and transmits it back to earth 航天探测器（一种不载人的宇宙飞船, 用以搜集有关宇宙的资 料, 并发送回地球）: information about Venus obtained by Russian probes 由俄国航天探测器获得 的有关金星的信息. 3 ~ (into sth) (esp in journalism) thorough and careful investigation of sth （尤 作新闻用语）探究, 深入的调查: a probe into the disappearance of government funds 对政府资金流 失一事的调查. 4 act of probing 探查; 探测; 调查. probe v. 1 [Tn] explore or examine (sth) with or as if with a probe(1) （用或似用探针等）探查, 探测: He probed the swelling anxiously with his finger. 他很担心地用手指触摸肿处. * Searchlights probed the night sky. 探照灯探查夜空. 2 [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (into sth) investigate or examine (sth) closely 细查, 探究（某事物）: The journalist was probing into several financial scandals. 那记者正 在调查几起财务丑事. * She tried to probe his mind to find out what he was thinking. 她想深入了解 他的思想, 好知道他在想什麽. probing adj intended to discover the truth; searching 追根究底的; 探索的: He was asking probing questions. 他提出了一些盘根究底的问题. probingly adv. probity / 5prEUbEtI; `probEtI/ n [U] (fml 文) quality of being honest and trustworthy; integrity 正直; 诚实; 刚正不阿. problem / 5prCblEm; `prBblEm/ n 1 thing that is difficult to deal with or understand 难以处理的事 情; 难以了解的事物; 难题: How do you cope with the problem of poor vision? 怎样解决视力不好 这一难题呢? * a knotty problem 错综复杂的事情* get to the root/heart of a problem 触及问题的 根本[核心] * We've got a problem with the car it won't start! 我们的汽车出故障了--发动不起来! * You'll have to mend that leak or it will cause problems later. 你得修补那个裂缝, 不然以后会出问 题. * the housing problem in the inner cities 城市中心区的住房问题 * (infml 口) `Will you be able to get me tickets for the match?' `Of course, no problem (ie I shall easily be able to).' ｀你能给我弄 到比赛的票吗?＇｀当然可以, 没问题.＇ * `I can't come to the party.' `Why, what's the problem?' ｀ 我不能来参加聚会.＇｀呦, 怎麽了?＇ * [attrib 作定语] a problem novel, play, etc, ie one dealing with a social or moral problem 问题小说、问题剧（探讨社会或道德问题的）* a newspaper's problem page, iewith readers' letters about their problems, and suggestedsolutions 报纸的读者问题 专版. 2 question to be answered or solved （待答覆或待解决的）问题: a mathematical problem 数 学题* She has found the answer to/solved the problem. 她找到了那问题的答案[解决了那个难题]. problematic / 9prCblE5mAtIk; 9prBblE`mAtIk/ (also problematical) adj 1 difficult to deal with or to understand 难处理的; 难了解的; 成问题的; 疑难的. 2 (esp of a result) that cannot be foreseen; doubtful or questionable （尤指结果）难以预料的; 有疑问的; 令人不解的. problematically / -klI; -klI/ adv. problem child child who continually behaves badly, does not learn well, etc 有问题的儿童（一贯行为不端、功课 不佳等的）. procedure / prE5si:dVE(r); prE`sidVL/ n 1 [C, U] (regular) order or way of doing things, esp in business, law, politics, etc 程序（尤指工商、法律、政治等事务的）: (the) agreed/correct/established/normal/usual procedure 商定的[正确的/确定的/正常的/一般的]程序 * Stop arguing about (questions of) procedure and let's get down to business. 别再为程序（问题）争辩 了, 咱们著手议正事吧. * parliamentary procedure 议会议事程序. 2 [C] ~ (for sth) action or series of actions (to be) completed in order to achieve sth 办事程序; 手续; 步骤: Registering a birth or death is a straightforward procedure. 登记出生或死亡的手续很简单. * Obtaining a refund from the company is a complicated procedure. 向公司索取退款手续很复杂. * What's the procedure for opening a bank account? 在银行开个帐户要办什麽手续? procedural / prE5si:dVErEl; prE`sidVErEl/ adj of procedure(s) 程序上的; 手续的: The business of the committee was delayed by procedural difficulties. 委员会的事务因程序上有困难而耽搁了. probable / 5prCbEbl; `prBbEbl/ adj that may be expected to happen or to be so; likely 有望发生或实 现的; 可能的: With England leading 3-0, the probable result is an England victory/England are the probable winners. 由于英格兰队以3 比0 领先, 最后的结果可能是英格兰队获胜[英格兰队可能 成为优胜者]. * Rain is possible but not probable this evening. 今晚可能有雨, 但不一定准下. * It seems probable that he will arrive before dusk. 他似乎有可能黄昏前到达. probable n. ~ (for sth) person or thing most likely to be chosen, eg for a sports team or as the winner; probable candidate, winner, etc 很有可能被选中（如选拔运动队员）的人; 很有可能获胜的人; 大 有希望的候选者、竞争者等: He is a probable for the national team. 他很有可能被选入国家队. * The book is a probable for the prize. 该书很有希望获奖. probably / -EblI; -EblI/ adv almost certainly 几乎肯定; 很可能; 大概: He's late he's probably stuck in a traffic jam. 他迟到了--很可能是由于交通阻塞耽误了. * `Will you be coming?' `Probably.' ｀你来吗?＇｀很可能来.＇ * `Can he hear us?' `Probably not.' ｀他听得见我们的话 吗?＇｀大概听不见.＇ probate / 5prEUbeIt; `probet/ n (law 律) 1 [U] official process of proving that a will is correct 遗嘱 检验; 遗嘱认证: apply for/take out probate 申请检验遗嘱* grant probate 通过对遗嘱的认证 * [attrib 作定语] a probate court 遗嘱检验法庭. 2 [C] copy of a will with an official certificate that it is correct 经认证的遗嘱. probate v. [Tn] (US) = prove 2. probation / prE5beIFn; ?@ prEU-; pro`beFEn/ n [U] 1 (law 律) (system of) keeping an official check on the behaviour of (esp young) people found guilty of crime as an alternative to sending them to prison 缓刑（制）（尤指对年轻犯人施行的）: sentenced to three years' probation 被判处缓刑三 年. 2 testing of a person's abilities or behaviour to find out if he or she is suitable （对人的）试用 （期）: There's a three-month period of probation/probationperiod for new recruits. 新加入的人员有 三个月试用期. 3 (idm 习语) on probation (a) (of a law-breaker) undergoing a period of probation(1) （指违法者）服缓刑: He's been released from prison on probation, ie If he does not behave satisfactorily he will be sent back. 他获释服缓刑（若表现不好则重新收监）. (b) being tested before being finally accepted in employment, etc （受雇者）在试用期中. probationary / prE5beIFnrI; ?@ prEU5beIFEnerI; pro`beFEn9ZrI/ adj of or for probation 缓刑的; （指人）试用的: a probationary period 试用期. probationer / -FEnE(r); -FEnL/ n 1 hospital nurse beingtrained and still on probation(2) 见习护士. 2 law-breakersentenced to a period of probation(1) or released from prison on probation 缓刑犯; 获 释而服缓刑者. probation officer person whose job is to supervise law-breakers who are on probation 监视缓刑犯的官员; 缓刑监督 官. probe / prEUb; prob/ n 1 tool for examining a place whichcannot be reached otherwise, esp a thin implement with a blunt end used by a doctor for examining a wound 探查工具; 探测器; （尤指医生 用的）探子, 探针. 2 (also `space probe) unmanned spacecraft which obtains information about space and transmits it back to earth 航天探测器（一种不载人的宇宙飞船, 用以搜集有关宇宙的资 料, 并发送回地球）: information about Venus obtained by Russian probes 由俄国航天探测器获得 的有关金星的信息. 3 ~ (into sth) (esp in journalism) thorough and careful investigation of sth （尤 作新闻用语）探究, 深入的调查: a probe into the disappearance of government funds 对政府资金流 失一事的调查. 4 act of probing 探查; 探测; 调查. probe v. 1 [Tn] explore or examine (sth) with or as if with a probe(1) （用或似用探针等）探查, 探测: He probed the swelling anxiously with his finger. 他很担心地用手指触摸肿处. * Searchlights probed the night sky. 探照灯探查夜空. 2 [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (into sth) investigate or examine (sth) closely 细查, 探究（某事物）: The journalist was probing into several financial scandals. 那记者正 在调查几起财务丑事. * She tried to probe his mind to find out what he was thinking. 她想深入了解 他的思想, 好知道他在想什麽. probing adj intended to discover the truth; searching 追根究底的; 探索的: He was asking probing questions. 他提出了一些盘根究底的问题. probingly adv. probity / 5prEUbEtI; `probEtI/ n [U] (fml 文) quality of being honest and trustworthy; integrity 正直; 诚实; 刚正不阿. problem / 5prCblEm; `prBblEm/ n 1 thing that is difficult to deal with or understand 难以处理的事 情; 难以了解的事物; 难题: How do you cope with the problem of poor vision? 怎样解决视力不好 这一难题呢? * a knotty problem 错综复杂的事情* get to the root/heart of a problem 触及问题的 根本[核心] * We've got a problem with the car it won't start! 我们的汽车出故障了--发动不起来! * You'll have to mend that leak or it will cause problems later. 你得修补那个裂缝, 不然以后会出问 题. * the housing problem in the inner cities 城市中心区的住房问题 * (infml 口) `Will you be able to get me tickets for the match?' `Of course, no problem (ie I shall easily be able to).' ｀你能给我弄 到比赛的票吗?＇｀当然可以, 没问题.＇ * `I can't come to the party.' `Why, what's the problem?' ｀ 我不能来参加聚会.＇｀呦, 怎麽了?＇ * [attrib 作定语] a problem novel, play, etc, ie one dealing with a social or moral problem 问题小说、问题剧（探讨社会或道德问题的）* a newspaper's problem page, iewith readers' letters about their problems, and suggestedsolutions 报纸的读者问题 专版. 2 question to be answered or solved （待答覆或待解决的）问题: a mathematical problem 数 学题* She has found the answer to/solved the problem. 她找到了那问题的答案[解决了那个难题]. problematic / 9prCblE5mAtIk; 9prBblE`mAtIk/ (also problematical) adj 1 difficult to deal with or to understand 难处理的; 难了解的; 成问题的; 疑难的. 2 (esp of a result) that cannot be foreseen; doubtful or questionable （尤指结果）难以预料的; 有疑问的; 令人不解的. problematically / -klI; -klI/ adv. proboscis / prE5bCsIs; prE`bBsIs/ n (pl ~es / -sIsi:z; -sIsIz/) 1 (a) elephant's trunk 象的鼻子. (b) long flexible nose of certain animals, eg the tapir 某些动物（如貘）的能弯曲的长鼻. 2 elongated part of the mouth of certain insects, used for sucking things 某些昆虫用以吸食的长嘴; 吻部. procedure / prE5si:dVE(r); prE`sidVL/ n 1 [C, U] (regular) order or way of doing things, esp in business, law, politics, etc 程序（尤指工商、法律、政治等事务的）: (the) agreed/correct/established/normal/usual procedure 商定的[正确的/确定的/正常的/一般的]程序 * Stop arguing about (questions of) procedure and let's get down to business. 别再为程序（问题）争辩 了, 咱们著手议正事吧. * parliamentary procedure 议会议事程序. 2 [C] ~ (for sth) action or series of actions (to be) completed in order to achieve sth 办事程序; 手续; 步骤: Registering a birth or death is a straightforward procedure. 登记出生或死亡的手续很简单. * Obtaining a refund from the company is a complicated procedure. 向公司索取退款手续很复杂. * What's the procedure for opening a bank account? 在银行开个帐户要办什麽手续? procedural / prE5si:dVErEl; prE`sidVErEl/ adj of procedure(s) 程序上的; 手续的: The business of the committee was delayed by procedural difficulties. 委员会的事务因程序上有困难而耽搁了. proceed / prE5si:d, prEU-; prE`sid, pro-/ v 1 (a) [I, Ipr, It] ~ (to sth) go to a further or the next stage; go on 继续前进; 继续进行; 继续下去: Work is proceeding slowly. 工作正在慢慢地继续进行著. * What is the best way of proceeding? 最好采取什麽方式继续下去? * Let us proceed (to the next item on the agenda). 让我们继续进行（下一个议程）吧. * Having said how much she liked it, she then proceeded to criticize the way I'd done it. 她先表明她非常喜欢这个, 然后批评我方法不当. (b) [Ipr](fml 文) make one's way; go 前进; 行进: I was proceedingalong the High Street in a northerly direction when... 我那时正沿著大街向北去, 走著走著.... (c) [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) begin or continue (sth) 开始或继续做（某事物）: Please proceed with your report. 请继续作你的报告吧. * Shall we proceed with the planned investment? 我们著手进行有计画的投资好吗? 2 [Ipr] ~ against sb (law 律) take legal action against sb; start a lawsuit against sb 起诉某人; 对某人提起诉讼. 3 [Ipr] ~ from sth (fml 文) arise or originate from sth 由某事物引起; 源于某事物: the evils that proceed from war 战争所带来的灾祸. 4 [Ipr] ~ to sth (fml 文) go on to obtain a higher university degree after obtaining a first degree （获得学士学位后）攻读高级学位: He was allowed to proceed to an MA. 他获准攻读文学硕士学位. proceedings / prE5si:dINz; prE`sidINz/ n [pl] 1 ~ (against sb/for sth) lawsuit 诉讼（程序）: start proceedings (against sb) for divorce 提出（与某人）离婚的诉讼* institute divorce proceedings 提 出离婚诉讼. 2 what takes place, esp at a meeting, ceremony, etc 进程; 过程; （尤指会议、仪式 等的）议程: The proceedings will begin with a speech to welcome the guests. 大会议程首先是向来 宾致欢迎辞. * The proceedings were interrupted by the fire alarm. 会议的进程被火灾警报打断了. 3 ~ (of sth) (published) report or record of a discussion, meeting, conference, etc; minutes （讨论会、 会议、大会等的）报道, 记录, 公报, 纪要: His paper was published in the proceedings of the Kent Archaeological Society. 他的论文已在肯特考古学会学报上发表. proceed / prE5si:d, prEU-; prE`sid, pro-/ v 1 (a) [I, Ipr, It] ~ (to sth) go to a further or the next stage; go on 继续前进; 继续进行; 继续下去: Work is proceeding slowly. 工作正在慢慢地继续进行著. * What is the best way of proceeding? 最好采取什麽方式继续下去? * Let us proceed (to the next item on the agenda). 让我们继续进行（下一个议程）吧. * Having said how much she liked it, she then proceeded to criticize the way I'd done it. 她先表明她非常喜欢这个, 然后批评我方法不当. (b) [Ipr](fml 文) make one's way; go 前进; 行进: I was proceedingalong the High Street in a northerly direction when... 我那时正沿著大街向北去, 走著走著.... (c) [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) begin or continue (sth) 开始或继续做（某事物）: Please proceed with your report. 请继续作你的报告吧. * Shall we proceed with the planned investment? 我们著手进行有计画的投资好吗? 2 [Ipr] ~ against sb (law 律) take legal action against sb; start a lawsuit against sb 起诉某人; 对某人提起诉讼. 3 [Ipr] ~ from sth (fml 文) arise or originate from sth 由某事物引起; 源于某事物: the evils that proceed from war 战争所带来的灾祸. 4 [Ipr] ~ to sth (fml 文) go on to obtain a higher university degree after obtaining a first degree （获得学士学位后）攻读高级学位: He was allowed to proceed to an MA. 他获准攻读文学硕士学位. proceeds / 5prEUsi:dz; `prosidz/ n [pl] ~ (of/from sth) money obtained by selling sth, presenting a performance,etc; profits （售物或从事某种表演活动等所获得的）收入, 收益: They gave a concert and donated the proceeds to charity. 他们举办了一次音乐会, 把收入捐给了慈善机构. process / 5prEUses; ?@ 5prCses; `prBsZs/ n 1 [C] series of actions or operations performed in order to do, make or achieve sth 步骤; 程序; 过程: Unloading the cargo was a slow process. 卸货的过程 很缓慢. * Reforming the education system will be a difficult process. 改革教育制度将是一个艰难 的过程. * Teaching him Greek was a painful (ie slow and difficult) process. 教他希腊文是很吃力的 事. 2 [C] method, esp one used in industry to make sth 方法; （尤指）工艺流程: the Bessemer process of steel production 贝塞麦炼钢法* They have developed a new process for rustproofing car bodies. 他们研究出了车身抗的新方法. 3 [C] (series of) changes, esp ones that happen naturally and unconsciously 变化（过程）（尤指自然发生的和不知不觉的）: the processes of digestion/the digestive processes 消化过程* the process of growing old 逐渐变老的过程. 4 [C] (law 律) (a) legal action; lawsuit 诉讼. (b) summons; writ 传票; 法院令状. 5 [C] (biology 生) small projecting part of a plant or of the body of an animal （动植物体上的）小的凸起部分, 突, 突起. 6 (idm 习语) in the `process while doing sth previously mentioned 在进行中: I started moving the china ornaments but dropped a vase in the process. 我动手搬那些瓷制饰物, 但在移动时摔了一只 花瓶. in the process of sth/doing sth performing a particular task 在从事某任务的过程中: We're still in the process of moving house. 我们还正在搬著家呢. process v. [Tn] 1 put (a raw material, food, etc) through an industrial or manufacturing process in order to change it; treat 对（原材料、食物等）进行加工; 处理: process leather to make it softer 鞣 制皮革使其变得柔软* processed cheese, ie specially treated to preserve it 经加工的乾酪（以便保 存） * process (ie develop) photographic film 冲洗摄影胶片. 2 deal with (a document, etc) officially 审查, 审阅, 处理（文件等）: It may take a few weeks for your application to be processed. 审查你的申请书也许要等几个星期. 3 perform operations on (sth) in a computer 用计算机处理 （某事物）: How fast does the new micro process the data? 这新微型计算机处理数据有多快? processor n machine that processes things 加工机械; 处理机: a food processor 食品加工机. Cf 参 看 microprocessor. process / prE5ses; pro`sZs/ v [I, Ipr, Ip] walk or move (as if) in procession 列队（似地）行进或移动: The bishops, priests and deacons processed into the cathedral. 主教、司铎以及助祭列队走进大教 堂. procession / prE5seFn; prE`sZFEn/ n 1 [C] (a) number of people, vehicles, etc moving along in an orderly way, esp as part of a ceremony or demonstration （人、车等的）行列; （尤指仪式或游行 之）队伍: a `funeral procession 送葬行列* The procession moved slowly down the hill. 游行队伍缓 慢地走下坡路. (b) (fig 比喻) large number of people who come one after the other 川流不息的人群: A procession of visitors came to the house. 参观者川流不息地向这所房子走来. 2 [U] action of moving forward in this way 列队行进: The congregation entered the church in procession. 教徒们排 著队进入教堂. processional / -FEnl; -FEnl/ adj of, for or used in a (religious) procession （宗教）行列的; 适于列 队行进的; 列队行进时用的. processional n processional hymn 教徒列队行进时唱的圣诗. proclaim / prE5kleIm; prE`klem/ v 1 [Tn, Tf, Tw, Cn.n] make (sth) known officially or publicly; announce 宣告, 公布（某事物）; 声明: proclaim the good news 宣布好消息* proclaim a public holiday 宣布定某日为公众假日 * After its independence India was proclaimed (ie officially declared to be) a republic. 印度独立之后宣布成立共和国. 2 [Tf, Cn.n] (fml 文) show (sth) clearly; reveal 表明（某事物）; 显示: His accent proclaimed him a Scot/that he was a Scot. 他的口音表明 他是苏格兰人. proclamation / 9prCklE5meIFn; 9prBklE`meFEn/ n 1 [U] action of proclaiming 宣告; 公布; 声 明: by public proclamation 公开声明. 2 [C] thing that is proclaimed 公告; 布告; 声明: issue/make a proclamation 发布公告. proclivity / prE5klIvEtI; pro`klIvEtI/ n ~ (for/to/towardssth/doing sth) (fml 文) natural inclination to do sth (esp sth bad); tendency 倾向性（尤指坏的）; 癖性: a proclivity towards sudden violent outbursts 动不动就发火的癖性* his unusual sexual proclivities 他对性方面的异常癖好. procrastinate / prEU5krAstIneIt; pro`krAstE9net/ v [I] (fml derog 文, 贬) delay or postpone action 拖延; 耽搁; 因循: He procrastinated until it was too late to do anything at all. 他因循坐误, 一事无 成. procrastination / prEU9krAstI5neIFn; pro9krAstE`neFEn/ n 1 [U] (fml derog 文, 贬) procrastinating 拖延; 耽搁; 因循. 2 (idm 习语) procrastination is the thief of `time (saying 谚) procrastinating wastes time 因循延宕是时间的窃贼（拖延就是浪费时间）. procreate / 5prEUkrIeIt; `prokrI9et/ v [I] (fml 文) reproduce offspring sexually 生育; 生殖. procreation / 9prEUkrI5eIFn; 9prokrI`eFEn/ n [U]. proctor / 5prCktE(r); `prBktL/ n 1 (Brit) (at the universities of Oxford and Cambridge) either of two officials with responsibility for discipline （牛津和剑桥大学的）学监（共两名, 主管纪律）. 2 (US) person responsible for supervising students in an examination, esp so that they do not cheat 监考人. procurator fiscal / 9prCkjUreItE 5fIskl; 9prBkjE9retL`fIskEl/ (in Scotland) public official whose job is to decide whether sb suspected of crime should be prosecuted （苏格兰）地方检察官. procure / prE5kjUE(r); prE`kjJr/ v 1 [Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (for sb) (fml 文) obtain sth, esp with care or effort; acquire 取得某事物（尤指费心或费力）; 获得: The book is out of print and difficult to procure. 那书已绝版, 很难弄到手. * Can you procure some specimens for me/procure me some specimens? 你能替我弄到一些标本吗? * He was responsible for procuring supplies for the army. 他的职责是为部队采办军需品. 2 [I, Tn, Dn.pr] ~ sb (for sb) (derog 贬) find (prostitutes) for clients 为宿娼者介绍（娼妓）; 拉皮条: He was accused of procuring women for his business associates. 他被指控为其生意合伙人招妓. procurement n. [U] (fml 文) obtaining 获得: the procurement of goods, raw materials, supplies, weapons 货物、原料、供应品、武器之获得. procurer / -5kjUErE(r); -`kjJrL/ (fem 阴性作procuress /- 5kjUErIs; -`kjJrIs/) n (derog 贬) person who finds prostitutes for clients 拉皮条者. prod / prCd; prBd/ v (-dd-) 1 [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (at sb/sth) push or poke (sb/sth) with a finger or some other pointed object （用手指或其他尖物）刺, 戳, 捅（某人[某物]）: They prodded (at) the animal through the bars of its cage. 他们隔著笼子的栏杆用尖东西捅那动物. =>Usage at nudge 用法见 nudge. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.t] ~ sb (into/doing sth) (infml 口) (try to) make (a slow or unwilling person) do sth; urge （试图）促使或推动（某人）做某事; 激励: She is a fairly good worker, but she needs prodding occasionally. 她干起活来倒是相当不错, 不过有时需要加以督促. * He needs a crisis to prod him into action. 他要事到临头才被迫采取行动. * I shall have to prod him to pay me what he owes. 我将不得不催促他把欠我的钱还给我. prod n. 1 poke or thrust 刺; 戳; 捅: She gave the man a prod with her umbrella. 她用伞捅了那 男子一下. 2 (infml 口) stimulus to action 激励; 激发; 促进; 推动: If you don't receive an answer quickly, give them a prod. 你要是不能很快得到答覆, 不妨催他们一下. 3 instrument for prodding 刺或戳所用的工具. prodding n. [U] action of prodding 刺; 戳; 捅; 激励; 促进: A little gentle prodding may be necessary at this stage. 在这一阶段或有必要稍微督促一下. prodigal / 5prCdIgl; `prBdI-l/ adj 1 (fml derog 文, 贬) spending money or resources too freely; extravagant 浪费的; 铺张的; 挥霍的: a prodigal administration 铺张浪费的行政机关 * prodigal housekeeping 大手大脚的持家之道. 2 ~ (of sth) (fml 文) generous or lavish (with sth) 慷慨的; 不吝惜的: Nature is prodigal of her gifts. 大自然不吝惜其恩赐. 3 (idm 习语) the prodigal (son) person who leaves his home or community to lead a life of pleasure or extravagance, but who later regrets this and returns home 回头的浪子: the return of the prodigal son 浪子的回头 * So, the prodigal has returned! 这麽说, 浪子回头了! prodigality / 9prCdI5gAlEtI; 9prBdI`-AlEtI/ n [U] (fml 文) (a) (derog 贬) wasteful spending; extravagance 浪费; 铺张; 挥霍. (b) generosity; lavishness 慷慨; 大方: the prodigality of the sea, ie in providing fish 海洋的富饶（大量鱼产）. prodigally / -gElI; --lI/ adv: use resources prodigally 浪费资源. prodigious / prE5dIdVEs; prE`dIdVEs/ adj very great in size, amount or degree, so as to cause amazement or admiration; enormous （在体积、数量或程度上）大得令人惊叹; 巨大的: a prodigious achievement 巨大的成就* It cost a prodigious amount (of money). 这用了一笔巨款. prodigiously adv: The costs are mounting prodigiously. 价格扶摇直上, 令人吃惊. * She is a prodigiously talented pianist. 她是才华横溢的钢琴家. prodigy / 5prCdIdVI; `prBdEdVI/ n 1 person with unusual or remarkable qualities or abilities （在素 质或能力上）了不起的人; 奇才; 天才: a child/infant prodigy, ie one who is unusually talented for his age, eg in music or mathematics 天才儿童[神童]（如在音乐或数学方面早慧者）. 2 (rhet 修 辞) (a) amazing or wonderful thing, esp a natural phenomenon 令人惊异的事物（尤指自然现象）; 奇观: the prodigies of nature 大自然的奇观. (b) ~ of sth outstanding example of sth 某方面的出类 拔萃者: The man is a prodigy of learning, ie knows a lot. 此人学识渊博. produce / prE5dju:s; ?@ -5du:s; prE`dus/ v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) create sth by making, manufacturing, growing, etc 制造、生产、出产或创造某事物: America produced more cars this year than last year. 美国今年生产的汽车比去年多. * She has produced very little (work) recently. 她近来作品很少. * Linen is produced from flax. 亚麻布是以亚麻纤维为原料制造的. * He worked hard to produce good crops from poor soil. 他辛勤耕作, 为使瘠薄的土地上长出好庄稼. *a well-produced book, ie one that is printed, bound, etc well 印制得很好的书. 2 [Tn] cause (sth) to occur; create 引起（某事物）; 产生: The medicine produced a violent reaction. 这药物引起了剧烈 的反应. * His announcement produced gasps of amazement. 他宣布的消息引起了一片惊叹声. 3 [I, Tn] bear or yield (offspring or crops) 生育（子女）; 产（仔）; 出产（农产品）: The silkworms are producing well. 这些蚕的吐丝量很大. * The cow has produced a calf. 这母牛生了一头小牛. * The soil produces good crops. 这种土壤能长出好庄稼来. * The cows are producing a lot of milk. 这些母牛的产奶量很大. 4 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from/out of sth) bring out or show sth so that it can be examined or used 拿出或出示某事物（以供检验或使用）: produce a railway ticket for inspection 出 示火车票以供查验* The man produced a revolver from his pocket. 那人从衣袋里掏出一支左轮 手枪. * He can produce evidence to support his allegations. 他能提出证据以表明他的指控属实. 5 [Tn] arrange the performance of (a play, an opera, etc) or the making of (a film, TV programme, record, etc) 安排上演（戏剧、歌剧等）; 制作（影片、电视节目、唱片等）: She is producing `Romeo and Juliet' at the local theatre. 她正在当地的剧院里安排演出《罗密欧与朱丽叶》. * He hopes to find the money to produce a film about Japan. 他希望筹集到资金以便拍一部关于日本的 影片. 6 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sth) (mathematics 数) make (a line) longer (so that it reaches a particular point) 将（一线）延长（至某点）: produce the line AB to C 把线段AB 延长到C 点. produce / 5prCdju:s; ?@ -du:s; `prBdus/ n [U] things that have been produced (produce 1), esp by farming 产品; （尤指）农产品: fresh produce 新鲜的农产品* agricultural, farm, garden produce 农业的、农场的、园圃的产品* It says on the bottle `Produce of France'. 瓶上标有｀法国制造＇ 的字样. producer / prE5dju:sE(r); ?@ -5du:-; prE`dusL/ n 1 person, company, country, etc that produces (produce1) goods or materials 生产者（可指个人、公司、国家等）; 制造者; 产地: The firm is Britain's main producer of electronic equipment. 该公司为英国主要的电子设备制造厂家. * The producers of the radios could not find a market for them. 这些收音机制造厂产品打不开销路. * the conflicting interests of producers and consumers 生产者与消费者的利害冲突. Cf 参看 consumer. 2 (a) person in charge of a film or theatrical production, who obtains the money to make the film or put on the play, and arranges the schedules, publicity, etc （影片的）制片人; （戏剧的）主管人, 制 作总监. Cf 参看director 2. (b) person who arranges the making of a TV or radio programme, a record, etc （电视或广播节目、唱片等的）制作人, 监制. (c) (esp in the amateur theatre) person who arranges the performance of a play, telling the actors what to do; director （尤指业余剧团的）舞台监 督, 导演. (d) director of an opera performance 歌剧导演. product / 5prCdQkt; `prBdQkt/ n 1 (a) [C, U] thing or substance produced by a natural or manufacturing process 产品, 产物（自然的或人工的）; 出品; 制品: a firm known for its high-quality products 以产品优良而负盛名的公司* the products of manufacturing industry 制造 业的出品* pharmaceutical products, eg drugs, medicines 药品* the finished product, ie one that has reached the end of the manufacturing process 制成品* waste products, ie waste material produced by eg the body's digestive system 废物（如粪便）. (b) [U] (commerce 商) goods produced by a firm, country, etc 产品（总称）: a campaign to increase sales of the firm's product 为促进公司产品的销 售而开展的运动* gross national product, ie the annual total value of goods produced and services provided in a country 国民生产总值 * [attrib 作定语] product development 产品开发. 2 [C] ~ of sth (a) state or thing that is the result of sth 产物: Flower power was a product of the sixties. 戴花嬉 皮士的信仰是六十年代的产物. * the products of genius, eg great works of art 天才的产物（如伟大 的艺术作品）* Low morale among the work force is the product of bad management. 工人干劲不 足是管理不善所致. (b) person who has been influenced by sth 在某事物影响下产生的人物;（某事 物的）产儿: She is the product of a broken home. 她是一个破裂家庭的产儿. * They are the products of post-war affluence. 他们是战后富裕生活的产物. 3 [C] (a) (mathematics 数) quantity obtained by multiplying one number by another （乘）积: The product of 4 and 10 is 40. 4 与10 的乘积是40. (b) (chemistry 化) new chemical compound produced by chemical reaction （化学反应的）生成物. Cf 参看 reactant. production / prE5dQkFn; prE`dQkFEn/ n 1 [U] action of manufacturing, extracting, etc, esp in large quantities 制造, 生产（尤指大批量）: oil production 采油* Production of the new aircraft will start next year. 明年开始制造新型的飞机. * Production must become more efficient. 必须提高生产效率. * mass (ie very large-scale) production 大量生产* Defects in design cannot be put right during production. 设计上的缺陷是无法在生产过程中加以纠正的. * He has moved from acting to film production. 他由演员变成了制片人. * [attrib 作定语] production costs, managers, processes, schedules, difficulties 生产的成本、生产经理、生产过程、生产计画、生产的难题. 2 [U] quantity produced 产量: increase production by using more efficient methods 采用更有效的方法提 高产量* a fall/increase in production 产量的减少[增加]. 3 [C] thing that has been produced, esp a play, film, etc 推出的作品（尤指戏剧、影片等）: They saw several National Theatre productions. 他 们看了国家剧院上演的几出戏. * `King Lear' in a controversial new production 可能引起争论的新 剧《李尔王》. 4 (idm 习语) go ,into/,out of pro`duction start/stop being manufactured 投产[停产]: The system will have to be tested before it goes into production. 这套装置必须经过试验之后才能投 产. * That car went out of production five years ago. 那种汽车已经停产五年了. in pro`duction being manufactured (in large quantities) 在（大量）生产中: The device will be in production by the end of the year. 该装置将于年底投入生产. on production of sth by/when showing sth 通过[一经]出示某 物: On production of your membership card, you will receive a discount on purchases. 持会员证购物 可享受折扣优待. production line sequence of groups of machines and workers, in which each group carries out part of the production process 生产线: Cars are checked as they come off the production line. 汽车经装配线组装完毕后 即进行校验. productive / prE5dQktIv; prE`dQktIv/ adj 1 producing or able to produce goods or crops, esp in large quantities 生产（性）的; 有生产能力的; （尤指）多产的: They work hard, but their efforts are not very productive. 他们很努力, 但效率不太高. * productive farming land, manufacturing methods 肥沃的农田、富有成效的生产方法 * a productive worker 多产的工作者. 2 achieving a lot; useful 富有成效的; 有益的: It wasn't a very productivemeeting. 这个会议成效不太大. * I spent a very productivehour in the library. 我在图书馆里这一小时收获很大. 3 [pred 作表语] ~ of sth (fml 文) resulting in sth; causing sth 造成某种结果; 产生某事物: The changes were not productive of better labour relations. 这些改变并未能使劳资关系获得改善. > productively adv: spend one's time productively 时间用得有成效. productivity / 9prCdQk5tIvEtI; 9prBdQk`tIvEtI/ n [U] 1 ability to produce (eg goods or crops); state of being productive 生产力; 生产能力; 多产性: The size of the crop depends on the productivity of the soil. 作物的产量取决于土地的肥沃程度. 2 efficiency, esp in industry, measured by comparing the amount produced with the time taken or the resources used to produce it 生产率, 生产效率（尤指 工业的）: The management are looking for ways of improving productivity. 管理部门正在设法提高 生产率. * [attrib 作定语] a productivity bonus for workers 发给工人的增产奖. productivity agreement agreement between management and unions that the cost of higher wages will be paid for by an increase in productivity （资方与工会订立的）增产协议（生产率提高则工资亦提高）. prof / prCf; prBf/ n (infml 口) = professor. Prof abbr. 缩写= Professor (as a title 用作称谓). profane / prE5feIn; ?@ prEU-; pro`fen/ adj (fml 文) 1 [attrib 作定语] not sacred; secular 世俗的 （非宗教的）: sacred and profane music 圣乐与世俗音乐* profane (ie not biblical) literature 世俗 的（非圣经的）文学作品. 2 (a) having or showing contempt for God or holy things; blasphemous 亵 渎上帝或神圣事物的; 不敬神的: profane behaviour in church 做礼拜时亵渎上帝的行为 * a profane oath 亵渎上帝的言语. (b) offensive; obscene 冒犯的; 无礼的; 下流的: profane language 下流语言. profane v. [Tn] (fml 文) (a) treat (a sacred thing) with irreverence or contempt 亵渎, 冒犯（神圣事 物）:profane the name of God 亵渎上帝之名* Their behaviour profaned the holy place. 他们的行 为玷污了这处圣地. (b) treat or use (sth worthy of respect) disrespectfully 对（可敬之事物）无礼; 玷 污; 滥用: His action profaned the honour of his country. 他的行为玷污了国家的荣誉. profanation / 9prCfE5neIFn; 9prBfE`neFEn/ n [C, U] (fml 文) (instance of) profaning 亵渎; 冒犯; 玷污. profanely adv. profanity / prE5fAnEtI; ?@ prEU-; pro`fAnEtI/ n (fml 文) 1 [U] profane behaviour, esp the use of profane language 亵渎行为;（尤指）使用亵渎语言. 2 [C esp pl 尤作复数] profane word or phrase; obscenity 亵渎的话; 下流话: He uttered a stream of profanities. 他说出了一连串下流话. profess / prE5fes; prE`fZs/ v (fml 文) 1 [Tn, Tf, Tt, Cn.a] claim (sth), often falsely 声称, 自称, 伪 称, 妄称（某事物）: I don't profess expert knowledge of/to be an expert in this subject. 我并不自诩 对这一问题内行[是这一问题的专家]. * She professed total ignorance of the matter. 她自称对那事 一无所知. * He professed that he knew nothing about the plot. 他声称对该阴谋毫不知情. 2 [Tn, Cn.a] state openly that one has (a belief, feeling, etc) 公开表明（信仰、感情等）: They professed optimism about the outcome. 他们对结果表示乐观. * He professed himself satisfied with the progress made. 他表明自己对所取得的进步感到满意. 3 [Tn] (a) publicly declare one's faith in (a religion) 宣布自己的（宗教）信仰: Christians profess their faith when they say the Creed. 基督教徒 在念信经时就表明了他们的宗教信仰. (b) have or belong to(the specified religion) 具有, 忠于（某 宗教信仰）: professIslam 信仰伊斯兰教. Oxford Dictionary Translation memory software company ForeignDesk, Okapi Framework, OmegaT, Transolution, AidTransStudio, Cafetran, Déjà Vu (DVX), Heartsome Translation Suite, MemoQ, MetaTexis, Rainbow, SDLX, SDL, STAR Transit, Trados, SDL Trados, Wordfast, WordFisher, Similis, Open Language Tools http://www.transgood.com