TransGood-Translation memory software Trados, SDL, ForeignDesk, Wordfast, WordFisher, Déjà Vu (DVX), 译佳计算机辅助翻译软件, 雅信CAT TransGood, TransMemory, Translation Software Tools, Computer-assisted translation, computer-aided translation, CAT, machine-aided translation, Translation memory software, Terminology management software, Alignment software, Software localization tools, ?bersetzung Software, Logiciels de traduction, Software di traduzione, Traducción de Software, Mémoire de traduction, Tradu??o memória, Memoria de traducción, Memoria di traduzione, Перевод Software, ForeignDesk, Okapi Framework, OmegaT, Transolution, AidTransStudio, Cafetran, Déjà Vu (DVX), Heartsome Translation Suite, MemoQ, MetaTexis, Rainbow, SDLX, SDL, STAR Transit, Trados, SDL Trados, Wordfast, WordFisher, Similis, Open Language Tools, 翻訳ソフトウェア, 翻訳メモリ, 翻译软件 辅助翻译软件 计算机辅助翻译软件 人工智能翻译 翻译工具 专业翻译软件 翻译记忆软件 塔多思 Trados SDL WordFast 雅信CAT 翻译公司 牛津词典 Oxford Dictionary professed adj. [attrib 作定语] 1 (falsely) claimed; alleged 声称的; 自称的; 伪称的; 妄称的; 靠不住的; 所谓的: her professed love of children 她所谓的对孩子们的爱* She was betrayed by her professed friends and supporters. 她被那些自称是她的朋友和支持她的人出卖了. 2 openly acknowledged by oneself; declared 公开承认的; 公开表明的: a professed Christian 公开表明信仰 的基督教徒* a professed supporter of disarmament 倡言裁军的人. 3 having made religious vows （宗教上）已立誓的, 已受戒的: a professed nun 已立誓终生为修女者. professedly / -IdlI; -IdlI/ adv (fml 文) according to one's own claim (whether true or false) or admission 自称; 自我表明; 自己承认: She is professedly a feminist. 她自称是女权运动者. profession / prE5feFn; prE`fZFEn/ n 1 (a) [C] paid occupation, esp one that requires advanced education and training, eg architecture, law or medicine 职业（尤指须受高深教育及专业训练者, 如 建筑师、律师或医师之职业）: advising college leavers on their choice of profession 给予院校毕 业生以择业上的指导* the acting, legal, medical, etc profession 演员、律师、医师等职业. (b) the profession [CGp] body of people working in a particular profession （某）职业界; 同业: The legal profession (ie lawyers) has/have always resisted change. 法律界人士对变革总是加以抵制. =>Usage at trade1 用法见trade1. 2 [C] ~ of sth public statement or claim of sth 表示; 表白; 宣言: a profession of belief, faith, loyalty, etc 信念、信仰、忠诚等的表白* His professions of concern did not seem sincere. 他所表示的关心看来并非出自内心. 3 (idm 习语) by profession as one's paid occupation 作为职业: She is a lawyerby profession. 她的职业是律师. * The author of the guidebook is an architect by profession. 该手册的作者任职建筑师. professional / prE5feFEnl; prE`fZFEnl/ adj 1 (a) [attrib 作定语] of or belonging to a profession 职 业（上）的; 从事某职业的; 属于某专业的: a professional man, woman, practitioner 从事某职业的 男子、女子、开业者* professional associations, codes of practice, conduct 专业协会、职业道 德规范、职业道德* You will need to seek professional advice about your claim for compensation. 你在索赔的问题上需要内行人士作指导. * The doctor was accused of professional misconduct. 那 医生被控有违行医道德. (b) having or showing the skill or qualities of a professional person 具有专 门知识的; 表现专门技能的; 内行的: Many of the performers were of professional standard. 许多 表演者都具有专业水平. * He was complimented on a very professional piece of work. 他由于一件 表现出精湛技艺的作品而受到赞扬. * She is extremely professional in her approach to her job. 她 对工作极为精通. Cf 参看unprofessional. 2 (a) doing as a full-time job sth which others do as a hobby or as apart-time job 职业性的; 专业的; 非业余的: a professionalboxer, footballer, golfer, tennis player, etc 职业的拳击手、足球运动员、高尔夫球运动员、网球运动员等 * a professional cook, dressmaker, musician, etc 职业厨师、裁缝、乐师等* After he won the amateur championship he turned professional, ie began to earn money for his sport. 他获得业余比赛的冠军 后便转为职业运动员了. (b) (of sport, etc) practised as a full-time job （指运动等）职业性质的: professional football, golf, tennis, etc 职业的足球赛、高尔夫球赛、网球赛等* She had been on the professional stage (ie a professional actress) in her youth. 她年轻时当过职业演员. Cf 参看 amateur 1. 3[attrib 作定语] (derog 贬) repeatedly doing the specifiedannoying thing 不断制造麻 烦的: a professional complainer, gossip, moaner, trouble-maker, etc 专门发牢骚、散布流言蜚语、 发泄不满情绪、惹事生非等的人. professional n. 1 person qualified or employed in one of the professions 具有某专业资格的人; 从事某专业的人; 专业人士: studio flats suitable for young professionals 年轻的专业人员适用的 单间公寓* You need a professional to sort out your finances. 你需要专业人士替你管理财务. 2 (also infml 口语作pro) professional (2a) player or performer, esp a sportsman employed by a club to teach and advise its members 职业运动员; 职业演员; （尤指受雇于俱乐部的）职业教练, 职业顾 问: a golf professional 高尔夫球职业运动员. 3 (also infml 口语作 pro) (approv 褒) highly skilled and experienced person 技术精湛经验丰富的人; 内行; 专家: She's a true professional! 她 真不愧为专家! * This survey is the work of a real professional. 这份调查是真正内行人做的. professionalism / -FEnElIzEm; -FEnElIzm/ n [U] 1 (approv 褒) (a) skill or qualities of a profession or its members 专业技能; 特长; 职业特性: You can rely on your solicitor's professionalism in dealing with the house purchase. 你尽可依靠律师处理购房事宜. (b) great skill and competence 精湛的技艺; 熟的功夫: They were impressed by the sheer professionalism of the performance. 他们赞佩表演炉火纯青. 2 practice of employing professionals (professional 2) in sport 在体育竞赛中雇用职业选手的做法. professionally / -FEnElI; -FEnlI/ adv (a) in a professional way 专业的; 有职业道德的: A doctor who gives away confidential information about patients is not behaving professionally. 医生把病人 的私人资料透露出来是违反职业道德的. (b) by a professional person 由专业人员; 由内行人: The plans had been drawn professionally. 那计画是由专家制定的. * Her voice should be professionally trained. 她在运嗓上应接受专业训练. (c) as a paid occupation 作为职业; 职业性地: He plays cricket professionally. 他以打板球为职业. professional foul ( euph 婉) (in sport, esp football) deliberate foul, esp one committed in order to stop the game when a member of the opposing team seems certain to score （体育竞赛, 尤指足球比 赛中）故意犯规（尤指藉犯规动作中断比赛以避免对方得分之做法）. professor / prE5fesE(r); prE`fZsL/ n (abbr 缩写 Prof) 1 (US also full professor) (title of a) university teacher of the highest grade who holds a chair(3) in a subject （大学）教授（的头衔）: He is Professor of Moral Philosophy at Oxford. 他是牛津大学伦理学教授. * She was madeprofessor at the age of 40. 她40 岁就当了教授. * Professor Smith, may I introduce one of my students to you? 史密斯教授, 请让我介绍一下我的一个学生. 2 (US) teacher at a university or college （大学的） 教师, 教员. 3 (joc 谑) title taken by instructors in various subjects 师傅（对各行业中传授技艺者 的称呼）: Professor Pate, the famous phrenologist. 著名的颅相学家佩特师傅. professorial / 9prCfI5sR:rIEl; 9prBfE`sRrIEl/ adj of or like a professor （似）教授的: a professorial post 教授的职位* professorial duties 教授的职责. professorship n. position of a university professor; chair (3) （大学）教授职位: The professorship of zoology is vacant and has been advertised. 动物学教授的职位空缺, 已登广告徵聘. Regius professor / 9ri:dVIEs prE5fesE(r); 9ridVIEs prE`fZsL/ (Brit) professor (esp at Oxford or Cambridge) holding a university chair which was founded by a king or queen, or is filled with the monarch's approval 钦定讲座教授（尤指牛津大学或剑桥大学的）（该职由君主钦定设立或由君 主批准任命）. proffer / 5prCfE(r); `prBfL/ v [Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth(to sb) (fml 文) offer sth 提供、提出某事物: He refused the proffered assistance. 他拒绝接受向他提供的帮助. * She proffered (him) her resignation. 她（向他）提交了辞呈. * May we proffer you our congratulations? 请让我们向你表示 祝贺 proffer n. (fml 文) offer 提供; 提议: a proffer of help 给予援助的建议. proficient / prE5fIFnt; prE`fIFEnt/ adj ~ (in/at sth/doing sth) doing or able to do sth in a skilled or an expert way because of training and practice 精通的; 熟练的: a proficient driver 开车的好手 * proficient in theuse of radar equipment 精通雷达设备之使用的* proficientat operating a computer terminal 善于操作计算机终端设备的. proficiency / -nsI; -nsI/ n [U] ~ (in sth/doing sth)being proficient (in sth) 精通; 熟练: a test of proficiency (in English) （英语）水平测试* show proficiency in operating a switchboard 操作配电 板十分熟练. proficiently adv. profile / 5prEUfaIl; `profaIl/ n 1 side view, esp of the human face 侧面所见; （尤指人面部的）侧 面（像）: his handsome profile 他漂亮的侧面轮廓 * [attrib 作定语] a profile drawing 侧面图像. 2 edge or outline of sth seen against a background 轮廓; 外形: the profile of the toweragainst the sky 天空衬托下的塔的轮廓. 3 brief biographyof sb or description of sth in a newspaper article, broadcastprogramme, etc （报刊文章、广播节目等中的）人物或事物之简介, 概况, 传略: The newspaper publishes a profile of a leading sportsman every week. 该报每周刊登一篇关于一个优秀 运动员的简介. * The BBC are working on a profile of the British nuclear industry. 英国广播公司正 在报道英国核工业概况. 4 (idm 习语) a ,high/,low `profile noticeable/inconspicuous way of behaving, so as to attract/avoid public attention 极力[避免]显示自己的做法; 高[低]姿态: adopt/keep/maintain a low profile 采取[保持/维持]低姿态 * [attrib 作定语] high-profile politicians 引人注目的政治家们. in profile (seen) from the side 由侧面（看的）: In profile she is very like her mother. 由侧面看她很像她母亲. * The Queen's head appears in profile on British stamps. 英国邮票 上有女王的侧面头像. profile v. 1 [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] show (sth) in profile against a background 显出 （某物）的轮廓: The huge trees were profiled against the night sky. 在夜空的映衬下显出大树的轮 廓. 2 [Tn] write or make a profile(3) of (sb/sth) 写（某人[某事物]）的简介. profit / 5prCfIt; `prBfIt/ n 1 (a) [C, U] financial gain （财务上的）收益; 利润; 赢利: do sth for profit 为营利而做某事* There's no profit in running a cinema in this town. 这个镇里电影院是无 利可图的. * They're only interested in a quick profit. 他们急功近利. * [attrib 作定语] The capitalist system is based on the profit motive. 资本主义制度是以赢利动机为基础建立起来的. (b) [C] amount of money gained in business, esp the difference between the amount earned and the amount spent （企业等的）赢利; （尤指）盈余, 纯利润: They make a profit of ten pence on every copy they sell. 他们每售出一本获利十便士. * sell at a profit 销售获利* operate at a profit, ie be profitable 经营获利* The company has declared an increase in profits/increased profits. 该公司宣布利润增加. * a clear profit of 20 per cent 百分之二十的净利. 2 [U] (fml 文) advantage or benefit gained from sth 利益; 好处: You could with profit spend some extra time studying the text. 你多花点时间学习 课文是有好处的. profitless adj. without profit1(2) 无利的; 无益的: Revising the procedure was an entirely profitless exercise. 对程序进行修改是徒劳无功的. profitlessly adv: I seem to have spent my day quite profitlessly. 我这一天过得好像没什麽收获. profit and loss account ( in bookkeeping) accountshowing income and expenditure for a particular period, with the profit or loss made （簿记）损益帐（反映某时期赢利或亏损的收支情况）. profit-margin n. difference between the cost of buying or producing sth and the price for which one sells it 利润率（购物本金或制造成本与售价之差额）: a gross profit-margin of 25% 25% 的毛利 率. profit-sharing n. [U] system of dividing a portion of a company's profits amongst its employees 分 红制（将公司部分利润分配给雇员的制度）: [attrib 作定语] a profit-sharing scheme 利润分成办 法. profit / 5prCfIt; `prBfIt/ v (phr v) profit by sth (no passive 不用于被动语态) learn from (one's experience, mistakes, etc) so that one does not repeat them 从（经验、失误等）中吸取教益: He's getting married again, after two divorces, so he obviously hasn't profited by his experiences. 他两次 离婚之后又结婚, 显然没有吸取以往的教训. profit from sth benefit from or be helped by sth 得益 于某事物; 得到某事物的帮助: He profited greatly from his year abroad. 他在国外一年获益匪浅. * I have profited from your advice. 你的建议对我很有好处. profitable / 5prCfItEbl; `prBfItEbl/ adj bringing profit or advantage; beneficial 可获利润或好处的; 有利可图的; 有益的: profitable investments 有利的投资* The deal was profitable to all of us. 这 笔生意对我们大家都有利. * It would be more profitable to combine the two factories. 把这两家工厂 联合起来更能赚钱. * She spent a profitableafternoon in the library. 她一下午在图书馆里收获不小. profitability / 9prCfItE5bIlEtI; 9prBfItE`bIlEtI/ n [U]. profitably / -EblI; -EblI/ adv: They invested the money very profitably. 他们的投资大有赚头. * She spent the weekend profitably. 她的周末过得很有益. profiteer / 9prCfI5tIE(r); 9prBfE`tIr/ v [I] (derog 贬) maketoo large a profit, esp by exploiting people in difficult times (eg in a war or famine) 牟取暴利; （尤指于困难时期, 如战争或饥荒）剥削, 投 机倒把: Rent controls were introduced to prevent profiteering. 为了防止牟取暴利而实行了租金管 制. profiteer n. person who does this 牟取暴利者; 大发不义之财者; 投机商人. profiterole / prC5fItErEUl; prE`fItE9rol/ n small hollow bun of light pastry with a sweet or savoury filling 一种甜馅或其他美味馅的酥皮空心小点心. profligate / 5prCflIgEt; `prBflE-It/ adj (fml derog 文, 贬) 1 recklessly extravagant or wasteful 恣 意挥霍的; 极其浪费的: profligate spending 挥霍* a profligate use of scarce resources 对稀少的 资源的恣意挥霍. 2 (of a person or his behaviour) shamelessly immoral; dissolute （指人或其行为） 无耻的, 放荡的. profligacy / 5prCflIgEsI; `prBflE-EsI/ n [U] (fml derog 文, 贬) being profligate 恣意挥霍; 放荡. profligate n. (fml derog 文, 贬) profligate(2) person 无耻的人; 放荡的人. profound / prE5faUnd; prE`faJnd/ adj 1 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (fml 文) deep, intense or far-reaching; verygreat 深的; 深切的; 深远的; 极度的; 极大的: a profoundsigh, silence, sleep, shock 一声长叹、一片死寂、一阵酣睡、一次沉重的打击* take a profound interest in sth 对 某事物产生极大的兴趣* profound ignorance 极度的无知 * profound changes 深刻的变化. 2 (a) [usu attrib 通常作定语] having or showing great knowledge or insight (into a subject) 知识渊博 的; 见解深刻的: a profoundawareness of the problem 对问题的深刻理解* a profoundthinker 学 识渊博的思想家* a man of profound learning 博学的人. (b) needing much study or thought 需要 研究或思考的; 深奥的: profound mysteries 难解之谜. profoundly adv (a) deeply; extremely 深深地; 深刻地; 极度地: profoundly disturbed, grateful, shocked 极其不 安的、感激的、震惊的. (b) in a profound(2a) manner 渊博地; 见多识广地; 深奥地. profundity / prE5fQndEtI; prE`fQndEtI/ n (fml 文) 1 [U] depth (esp of knowledge, thought, etc) 深度, 渊深, 深刻, 深奥（尤指知识、思想等）: He impressed his audience by the profundity of his knowledge. 他知识渊博给听众留下了深刻的印象. 2 [C esp pl 尤作复数] profound meaning, statement or thought 深刻的含义、言语或思想: a poem full of profundities 寓意深长的诗. profuse / prE5fju:s; prE`fjus/ adj 1 in large amounts; abundant 大量的; 丰富的: profuse blossoms, flowers, apologies, gratitude, thanks 大量的花朵、数不清的鲜花、再三的道歉、深深的感激、 千谢万谢* profuse bleeding, sweating, tears 血流如注、大汗淋漓、泪如泉涌. 2 [pred 作表语] ~ in sth expressing or giving sth freely or generously; lavish with sth 对某事物一再表示或慷慨给予; 某事上滥施: profuse in one's apologies, thanks 一再表示歉意、谢意. profusely adv: bleed, sweat profusely 大出血、出大汗* thank sb profusely 一再感谢某人. profuseness n. [U] state of being profuse 大量; 丰富: The profuseness of his thanks was embarrassing. 他再三表示感谢使人很不好意思. profusion / prE5fju:Vn; prE`fjuVEn/ n 1 [sing] ~ of sth abundant supply of sth 大量的某事物: a profusion of colour, patterns, flowers, good wishes 许多的颜色、花样、鲜花、美好祝愿. 2 (idm 习语) in profusion in large quantities or abundance 大量地; 丰富地: Roses were growing in profusion against the old wall. 紧挨著旧墙长著很多玫瑰花. progenitor / prEU5dVenItE(r); pro`dVZnEtL/ n (fml 文) 1 ancestor (of a person, an animal or a plant) （人或动植物的）祖先. 2 (fig 比喻) originator (of an idea, an intellectual or political movement, etc) （思想、学术或政治运动的）创始人, 前辈, 先驱: Marx was the progenitorof Communism. 马克思是共产主义的创始人. progeny / 5prCdVEnI; `prBdVEnI/ n [pl v] (fml 文) (a) offspring 子女; 幼崽: (joc 谑) He appeared, surrounded by his numerous progeny. 他出现时, 子女前呼后拥不计其数. (b) descendants 后代; 后裔. progesterone / prE5dVestErEUn; pro`dVZstE9ron/ n [U] one of the sex hormones, that prepares and maintains the uterus for pregnancy and is used in the contraceptive pill because it prevents ovulation 孕酮; 黄体酮. Cf 参看 oestrogen. prognosis / prCg5nEUsIs; prB-`nosIs/ n (pl -ses / -si:z; -siz/) (a) (medical 医) forecast of the likely course of a disease or an illness （对病情的）预断, 预后: make one's prognosis 预断病情 * The prognosis is not good. 预后不良. Cf 参看diagnosis. (b) (fig 比喻) forecast of the probable development of sth; outlook （对发展情况的）预测; 展望: The prognosis for the future of the electronics industry is encouraging. 预测电子工业的前途一片大好. prognosticate / prCg5nCstIkeIt; prB-`nBstI9ket/ v (fml 文) 1 [I, Tn, Tf] tell (sth) in advance; predict 预言（某事物）; 预报: prognosticate disaster 预言灾难. 2 [Tn, Tf] be a sign of (a future event) 成 为（未来事件）的预兆; 预示. prognostication / prCg9nCstI5keIFn; prB-9nBstI`keFEn/ n (fml 文) (a) [U] prognosticating 预言; 预报. (b) [C] thing that is prognosticated 预言或预报的事物; 预兆: His gloomy prognostications proved to be false. 他那悲观的预测已证明是错误的. program / 5prEUgrAm; ?@ -grEm; `pro-rEm/ n 1 (US) =programme. 2 (computing 计) series of coded instructionsto control the operations of a computer 程序; 编码指令: write a program for producing a balance sheet 为编制资产负债表而编写程序. program v. (-mm-; US also -m-) [Tn, Cn.t] (computing 计) instruct (a computer) (to do sth) by putting a program into it 用程序指令（计算机）（执行某任务）: The computer has been programmed (to calculate the gross profit margin on all sales). 计算机已输入了程序指令（以计算各项销售的毛 利率）. programmer (US also programer) n person who writes programs for a computer （计算机） 程序编制员, 程序设计师. programme (US program) / 5prEUgrAm; ?@ -grEm;`pro-rEm/ n 1 broadcast item (eg a play, discussion or documentary) （广播或电视）节目（如戏剧、讨论或纪实）: There is an interesting programme on television tonight. 今晚有个好看的电视节目. * They're putting on a programme about/on wine-making. 他们正推出一个介绍酿酒方法的节目. 2 plan of what is (intended) to be done 工作计画; 活动安排; 行动方案: a political programme 政治纲领 * What's (on) the programme for (ie What are we going to do) tomorrow? 明天安排了什麽活动? * launch a programme to redevelop the inner cities 提出一项改建市中心区的方案. 3 (a) (notice or list of a) series of items in a concert, on a course of study, etc （音乐会等的）节目单, 节目表; 教学大纲; 课 程: The programme includes two Mozart sonatas. 节目单中有两首莫扎特的奏鸣曲. * plan a programme of lectures for first-year students 为大学一年级新生拟制教学大纲. (b) (booklet with a) list of the names of the actors in a play, singers in an opera, etc 戏剧演员、歌剧歌唱演员等的名单; （载有演员阵容的）演出说明书. programme (US program) v. (-mm-; US also -m-) 1 [usu passive 通常用于被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (for sth) make a programme of or for sth; put sth on a programme; plan or arrange sth 编排某事物 的节目单; 将某事物编入节目单; 计画或安排某事物: programme a music festival 为音乐会演编 排节目* A trip to the museum is programmed for next Tuesday. 已计画下星期二去参观博物馆. 2 [usu passive 通常用于被动语态: Tn, Cn.t] cause (sb/sth) to do sth or behave in a particular way, esp automatically or in an unthinking way 使（某人[某事物]）按预定的步骤进行（尤指自动地或 不假思索地）: Their early training programmes them to be obedient and submissive. 他们早先受过 的教育已把他们训练得俯首帖耳、唯命是从. * The video is programmed to switch itself on at ten o'clock. 这台录像机已调好在十点钟自动开机. ,programmed `course educational course in which the material to be learnt is presented in small, carefully graded, amounts 程序教程（一种以循序渐进 的方法施教的课程）. ,programmed `learning self-instruction using a programmed course 程序学习 （按程序教程循序渐进的自学方式）. programme music music intended to suggest a story, picture, etc 标题音乐（旨在以音乐表现某情节、图像等）. programme note short description or explanation in a programme(3b) of a musical work, a play, an actor's career, etc （演出说明书中对音乐、戏剧作品、演员经历等的）简介. progress / 5prEUgres; ?@ 5prCg-; `prB-rZs/ n 1 [U] forward or onward movement 前进; 行进: The walkers were making slow progress up the rocky path. 行人沿著岩石小道慢慢往上走. * The yacht made good progress with a following wind. 那小帆船顺风行驶得很快. 2 [U] advance or development, esp towards a better state 进步, 进展, 发展（尤具改进之意）: the progress of civilization 文明的进展* There has been very little progress this term. 这学期没有什麽进步. * The patient is making good progress (ie is getting better) after her operation. 这个女病人动过手术后 病情大为好转. * Strike leaders have reported some progress in the talks to settle the dispute. 罢工的 领导人汇报了在解决争端的谈判中所取得的某些进展. * [attrib 作定语] a `progress report 进行 情况的报告. 3 [C] (arch 古) journey made by a sovereign or ruler （帝王等的）巡行, 巡游: a royal progress around the country 国王之全国巡游. 4 (idm 习语) in progress being done or made 进行 中: An inquiry is now in progress. 调查工作此刻正在进行中. * Please be quiet recording in progress. 正在录音--请勿喧哗. progress / prE5gres; prE`-rZs/ v 1 [I] make progress 前进; 行进; 进步; 进展: The work is progressing steadily. 工作在稳步地取得进展. * She is progressing in her studies. 她学习有进步. * In some ways, civilization does not seem to have progressed much in the last century. 在某些方面, 上个世纪文明似乎进展不大. 2 [Tn] cause(work, etc) to make regular progress towards completion 使（工作等）正常进行、有进步或取得进展. progression / prE5greFn; prE`-rZFEn/ n 1 [U] ~ (fromsth) (to sth) (process of) moving forward or developing,esp in stages or gradually; progressing 进行, 进展, 进程, 进步（尤指按步骤的或渐次 的）: the team's progression to the first division 该队的晋级为甲级队* Adolescence is the period of progression from childhood to adulthood. 青春期是由童年到成年的过渡期. 2 [C] sequence or series 连续; 一系列: a long progression of sunny days 连续的晴天. progressive / prE5gresIv; prE`-rZsIv/ adj 1 making a continuous forward movement 前进的; 进步 的; 有进展的. 2 increasing steadily or in regular degrees 逐步增加的; 逐级上升的: a progressive disease, ie one that gradually increases in its effect 进行性的疾病（逐渐严重）* progressive taxation, ie at rates that increase as the sum taxed increases 累进税* Her condition is showing aprogressive improvement. 她的情况已逐步改进. 3 (approv 褒) (a) advancing in social conditions or efficiency （社会状况）不断改善的; （效率）不断提高的: a progressive firm, nation 发展中的企业、国家. (b) favouring or showing rapid progress or reform （主张）进步或改革的; 先进的: progressive schools, views 先进的学校、进步的观点* a progressive education policy 革新的教育政策 * a progressive political party 进步的政党. progressive n. person who supports a progressive(3b) policy or adopts progressive methods 支持进 步的政策或采用进步的方法的人; 进步人士; 改革派人士. progressively adv increasingly; by degrees 逐渐地; 逐步地: His eyesight is becoming progressively worse. 他的 视力越来越差. progressiveness n. [U]. progressive tense (also continuous tense) ( grammar) any of the verb tenses which express action that continues over a period of time, using the -ing form, as in `I am/was/will be/have been writing' 进 行时态（动词时态, 表示某一期间持续的动作, 使用-ing 形式, 如I am/was/will be/have been writing 中者）: the present progressive tense 现在进行时态. prohibit / prE5hIbIt; ?@ prEU-; pro`hIbIt/ v (fml 文) 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth/sb (from doing sth) forbid sth or sb from doing sth esp by laws, rules or regulations 禁止某事物或某人做某事（尤指以法令、 规章或条例）: Smoking is prohibited. 禁止吸烟. * a regulation to prohibit parking in the city centre 禁止在市中心区停车的规定* The law prohibits tobacconists from selling cigarettes to children. 法 律禁止烟贩向儿童出售香烟. 2 [Tn] make (sth) impossible; prevent 使（某事物）成为不可能; 阻 止: The high cost prohibits the widespread use of the drug. 该药昂贵而影响广泛应用. prohibition / 9prEUhI5bIFn; ?@ 9prEUE5bIFn; 9proE`bIFEn/ n 1 [U] forbidding or being forbidden 禁止; 阻止: They voted in favour of the prohibition of smoking in public areas. 他们投票赞成禁止 在公共场所吸烟. * Use of the drug has not declined since its prohibition. 自从禁用该药以来, 该药 的使用并未减少. 2 [C] ~ (against sth) edict or order that forbids sth 禁令; 禁律: a prohibition against the sale of firearms 禁止出售火器的法令. 3 Prohibition [U] period of time (1920-1933) when the making and selling of alcoholic drinks was forbidden by law in the US 禁酒时期 （1920-1933 年间美国以法律禁止酿酒及售酒的时期）. prohibitionist / -FEnIst; -FEnIst/ n person who supports the prohibition of sth by law, esp the sale of alcoholic drinks 赞成以法律禁止某事物者; （尤指）赞成禁止售酒者. prohibitive / prE5hIbEtIv; ?@ prEU-; pro`hIbItIv/ adj 1 (a) intended to or tending to prevent the use or purchase of sth 禁止使用或购买的; 禁止性的: a prohibitive tax on imported cars 对进口小汽车 徵收的寓禁税. (b) (of prices, etc) so high that one cannot afford to buy （指价格等）高得买不起的: The cost of property in the city is prohibitive. 城里房地产的价格高得使人望而却步. 2 that prohibits 禁止的: prohibitive laws, road signs 禁律、禁止通行的路标. prohibitively adv: prohibitively expensive 昂贵得买不起. prohibitory / prE5hIbItErI; ?@ prEU5hIbEtR:rI; pro`hIbE9tRrI/ adj (fml 文) intended to prohibit sth 意在禁止的: regulations of a prohibitory nature 意在禁止的规定. project / 5prCdVekt; `prBdVZkt/ n 1 (plan for a) scheme or undertaking 计画; 规画; 工程; 事业: a housing development project 住房建设方案* a project to establish a new national park 建立一个 新的国家公园的工程* carry out, fail in, form a project 执行、未能实施、拟订一项计画. 2 task set as an educational exercise which requires students to do their own research and present the results （学校的）科研习作项目, 课题: The class are doing a project on the Roman occupation of Britain. 这个班在进行一项关于古罗马人占领不列颠的研究. project / prE5dVekt; prE`dVZkt/ v 1 [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] plan (a scheme, course of action, etc) 拟制（方案、行动步骤等）; 计画; 规画; 设计: a demonstration of the projected road improvement scheme 对拟定的道路改善方案的论证* Our projected visit had to be cancelled. 我 们计画中的访问不得不取消. 2 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (on/onto sth) cause (light, shadow, a photographic image, etc) to fall on a surface 投射（光线、影子、影像等）: project a slide on a screen 在银幕上放映幻灯片* project a beam of light onto a statue 把一道光线投射在雕像上 * project spotlights on a performer 把聚光灯对准一位表演者. (b) [Tn] show (a film) on a screen using a film projector 放映（影片）: Will you be able to project the film for us? 你能为我们放映那部影片吗? 3 [I, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (into sth) send or throw sth outward or forward 发射或投掷某物: an apparatus to project missiles into space 将导弹发射到宇宙空间的装置* An actor must learn to project (his voice). 演员必须学习（使声音）扩及远处的发声法. * (fig 比喻) project one's thoughts into the future 思想未来. 4 [I, Ipr] extend outward beyond a surface; jut out 伸出; 突出: a projecting beam 突出的横梁* a balcony that projects over the street 伸展到街道上的阳台. 5 [Tn.pr] ~ sth on to sb (psychology 心) think, esp unconsciously, that sb shares (one's own feelings, usu unpleasant ones) 将 （自己的感情, 通常为不愉快者）投射给某人; 以为（尤指潜意识地）某人也存在（与自己同样 的、通常为不愉快的感情）: You mustn't project your guilt on to me, ie assume that I feel as guilty as you do. 你不要以为我也和你一样内疚. 6 [Tn] represent (sth/sb/oneself) to others in a way that creates a strong or favourable impression 向他人表现（某事物[某人/自己]）以使其产生深刻的或 良好的印象: Does the BBC World Service project a favourable view of Great Britain? 英国广播公司 的对外广播是否使听众对英国产生了好感? * The party is trying to project a new image of itself as caring for the working classes. 这个党竭力装出一付关心工人阶级的新形象. 7 [Tn] (a) make a systematic drawing of (a solid, esp curved, object) on a flat surface, as maps of the earth are made 作 （固体物, 尤指曲线状物）之投影图. (b) make (a map) in this way 用投影法制作（地图）. 8 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sth) predict (results) based on known data; extrapolate （根据现有资料）预测（结果）; 推断: project population growth to the year 2000 预测到2000 年人口增长状况. projectile / prE5dVektaIl; ?@ -tl; prE`dVZktl/ n (a) object (to be) shot forward, esp from a gun 抛射 物; 投掷物; 发射物; （尤指）子弹, 炮弹. (b) self-propelling missile, eg a rocket 自行推进的发射 物; 导弹; 火箭. projectile adj. that can send objects or be sent forward through air, water, etc 可投射物体的; 可通 过大气、水等发射的: projectile force 投掷力* projectile missiles 可发射的导弹. Mercator's projection / mE9keItEz prE5dVekFn; m[`ketLz prE`dVZkFEn/ method of drawing maps of the world in which the globe is represented on a flat grid of squares formed by lines of latitude and longitude, making areas far from the equator exaggerated in size 墨卡托投影. projection / prE5dVekFn; prE`dVZkFEn/ n 1 (a) [U] projecting or being projected 计画; 设计; 投 掷; 发射; 投射; 投影放映; 突出; 推断: the projection of images on a screen 影像在屏幕上的投 影 * film projection 影片放映* the projection of one's feelings onto others 把自己的感情投射给 别人* the projection of a missile through the air 导弹的发射升空. (b) [C] thing that is projected, esp a mental image viewed as reality （制定的）规画; （尤指）设想, 设计. 2 [C] thing that juts out from a surface 凸出物: a projection of rock on a cliff-face 悬崖表面凸出的岩石. 3 [C] representation of the surface of the earth on a plane surface （地图）投影图. 4 [C] estimate of future situations or trends, etc based on a study of present ones 对未来形势的估计; 预测; 推断: sales projections for the next financial year 对下一财政年度销售情况的预测. projectionist / -FEnIst; -FEnIst/ n person whose job is to project films onto a screen, esp in a cinema 电影放映员（尤指电影院的）. projection room room (esp in a cinema) from which films are projected onto a screen 放映室（尤指电影院的）. projector / prE5dVektE(r); prE`dVZktL/ n apparatus for projecting photographs or films onto a screen 放映机: a `cinema projector 电影放映机* a `slide projector 幻灯机. prolapse / prEU5lAps; pro`lAps/ v [I] (medical 医) (of an organ in the body, eg the bowel or uterus) slip forward or down so that it is out of place （指器官, 如直肠或子宫）脱垂, 脱出. prolapse / 5prEUlAps; `prolAps/ n (medical 医) (condition caused by) this movement 脱垂; 脱出. prole / prEUl; prol/ n (infml derog 口, 贬) member of the proletariat 无产者. proletariat / 9prEUlI5teErIEt; 9prolE`tZrIEt/ n the proletariat[Gp] 1 (sometimes derog 有时作贬义) class of (esp industrial and manual) workers who do not own the means of production and earn their living by working for wages 无产阶级; （尤指）工人阶级: The dictatorship of the proletariat is one of the aims of Communism. 无产阶级专政是共产主义的目标之一. Cf 参看 bourgeoisie (bourgeois). 2 (in ancient Rome) lowest class of citizen, owning no property （古罗马）民众中一 无所有的最下层阶级. proliferate / prE5lIfEreIt; ?@ prEU-; pro`lIfE9ret/ v 1 [I] produce new growth or offspring rapidly; multiply （迅速地）繁殖; 增殖; 增生. 2 [Tn] reproduce (cells, etc) 分裂, 繁殖（细胞等）. 3 [I] increase rapidly in numbers （数量）激增. proliferation / prE9lIfE5reIFn; ?@ prEU-; pro9lIfE`reFEn/ n 1 [U] proliferating or being proliferated （迅速的）繁殖; 增殖; 增生: [attrib 作定语] a nuclear non-proliferation treaty, ie one aimed at preventing the spreadof nuclear weapons to countries that do not already possess them 禁止 核扩散条约. 2 [C usu sing 通常作单数] rapid growth or increase 迅速的繁殖或增长. prolific / prE5lIfIk; prE`lIfIk/ adj 1 (of plants, animals, etc) producing much fruit or many flowers or offspring （指动植物等）多产的, 多育的: prolific growth 多产植物. 2 (of a writer, an artist, etc) producing many works （指作家、艺术家等）多创作的: a prolific author 多产的作者 * a prolific period in the composer's life 作曲家一生中创作丰收的时期. prolifically / -klI; -klI/ adv. prolix / 5prEUlIks; ?@ prEU5lIks; pro`lIks/ adj (fml 文) (of a speech, writer, etc) using too many words and so boring to listen to or read （指讲话、作家等）冗长而乏味的, 罗唆的: a prolix speaker 说话罗唆的人* Her style is tediously prolix. 她的文章冗长而乏味. prolixity / prEU5lIksEtI; pro`lIksEtI/ n [U]. prologue (US also prolog) / 5prEUlCg; ?@ -lR:g; `prolR-/ n ~ (to sth) 1 introductory part of a poem or play 序诗; 开场白: the `Prologue' to the `Canterbury Tales' 《坎特伯雷故事集》的《序诗》. Cf 参看epilogue. 2 act or event that is an introduction to sth or leads up to sth; first in a series of events 引出或引致某事物的行动或事件; 一系列事件的开端; 序幕: The signing of the agreement was a prologue to better relations between the two countries. 签订这一协定更促进了两国的关系. prolong / prE5lCN; ?@ -5lR:N; prE`lRN/ v 1 [Tn] make (sth) longer, esp in time; extend 延长（某 事物）（尤指时间）; 使延伸: drugs that help to prolong life 延年益寿的药物* They prolonged their visit by a few days. 他们把访问时间延长了几天. 2 (idm 习语) prolong the `agonymake an unpleasant experience, a tense situation, etc last longer than necessary 延长痛苦; 将不愉快的经历、 紧张局势等拖长: Don't prolong the agony just tell us the result! 别再让我们著急了--快告诉我们 结果吧! prolongation / 9prEUlCN5geIFn; ?@ -lR:N-; 9prolRN`-eFEn/ n 1 [U] prolonging or being prolonged 延长; 延伸. 2 [C] addition or extension that prolongs sth 增加或延长的部分. prolonged adj. [usu attrib 通常作定语] continuing for a long time 持续很久的; 长时间的: After prolonged questioning, she finally confessed. 她受到长时间的盘问之后, 终于承认了. * There will be prolonged delays for rail travellers. 乘火车的旅客要长时间受阻. prom / prCm; prBm/ n (infml 口) 1 (Brit) = promenade1a.2 (Brit) = promenade concert (promenade). 3 (US) (often formal) dance, esp one held by a class in high school or college （通常 为隆重的）舞会（尤指高中或大学班级举办的）. promenade / 9prCmE5nB:d; ?@ -5neId; 9prBmE`ned/ n 1 (a) (also Brit infml 英式英语口语作 prom) public place for walking, esp a paved area along the waterfront at the seaside 公共散步场所 （尤指海滨经铺筑者）. (b) (fml 文) walk or ride taken in public for exercise or pleasure （为运动 或消遣的）散步, 骑马, 开车兜风. 2 (US) formal dance or ball （隆重的）舞会. promenade v. (dated or fml 旧或文) 1 [I] take a leisurely walk or ride in public (esp along a promenade) （在公共场所）散步, 骑马, 开车兜风（尤指于海滨区）. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] (a) take (sb) up and down a promenade for exercise 带著（某人）在散步场所走动: She promenaded the children along the sea front after lunch. 她午饭后领著孩子们沿著海滨区散步. (b) walk with (sb) in public, esp in order to show him off 带著（某人）散步（尤指为招摇）: He proudly promenaded his elegant companion in the park. 他得意地领著他那标致的伴侣遛公园. promenader n 1 person who promenades 在公共场所（尤指海滨区）散步、骑马或开车兜风的人. 2 person who (regularly) attends a promenade concert （经常）参加逍遥音乐会的人. promenade concert ( also infml 口语作prom) (Brit) concert at which part of the audience is in an area without seats where they listen to the music standing up 逍遥音乐会（部分听众在不设座位的 场区站著欣赏音乐）. promenade deck covered upper deck of a passenger ship, where passengers may walk （客轮的上层有篷顶的）散步 甲板. prominent / 5prCmInEnt; `prBmEnEnt/ adj 1 jutting out; projecting 突出的; 凸出的: prominent cheek-bones 突出的颧骨. 2 easily seen; conspicuous 显著的; 惹人注目的: the most prominent feature in the landscape 风景中最显著的特色* The house is in a prominent position on the village green. 那房子坐落在村中草地最显眼的地方. 3 distinguished or important 杰出的; 卓越的; 重 要的: play a prominent part in public life 在公共事务中起重要的作用* a prominent political figure 杰出的政治人物. prominence / -Ens; -Ens/ n 1 [U] state of being prominent 突出; 明显; 卓越; 重要: a young writer who has recently come to/into prominence 近来崭露头角的青年作家* The newspapers are giving the affair considerable prominence. 各报都以相当显著的地位报道了那件事. 2 [C] (fml 文) prominent thing, esp part of a landscape or building 突出的事物; 惹人注目的事物; （尤指）风 景或建筑物之突出部分: a small prominence in the middle of the level plain 平坦的原野中央的一 块小小的凸地. prominently adv: The notice was prominently displayed. 通知已张贴在很醒目的地方. promiscuous / prE5mIskjUEs; prE`mIskjJEs/ adj 1 (derog 贬) not carefully chosen; indiscriminate or casual 不加选择的; 不加区别的; 随便的: promiscuous friendships, ie ones made without careful choice 滥交. 2 (derog 贬) having (esp casual) sexual relations with many people 与多人发生性行 为的; （尤指）性关系随便的: promiscuous behaviour 性乱行为* a promiscuous lover 有性乱行 为的人. 3 (dated fml 旧, 文) mixed and disorderly; unsorted 混杂的; 杂乱的; 一团糟的: piled upin a promiscuous heap 杂乱地堆作一团. promiscuity / 9prCmI5skju:EtI; 9prBmIs`kjuEtI/ n [U]: sexual promiscuity 性乱行为. promiscuously adv promise / 5prCmIs; `prBmIs/ n 1 [C] ~ (of sth) written or spoken declaration that one will give or do or not do sth 承诺; 许诺; 诺言; 保证书: We received manypromises of help. 许多人答应帮助我们. * break/carry out/fulfil/give/keep/make a promise 违背诺言[履行诺言/实现诺言/给予保证/遵守诺 言/作出允诺] * I told him the truth under a promise of secrecy. 我在他答应保守秘密之后把真相告 诉了他. * I shall keep you/hold you to your promise. 我得让你遵守诺言. * `I'll come and see you soon.' `Is that a promise?' ｀我不久再来看你.＇｀这话算数吗?＇ 2 [C, U] ~ of sth indication that sth may be expected to come or occur; likelihood or hope of sth 可指望出现或发生某事物的迹象; 可能性; 希望: There is a promise of better weather tomorrow. 明天天气可能更好. * There seems little promise of success for the expedition. 看来这次探险的成功希望不大. 3 [U] indication of future success or good results 将获得成就、成果或成绩的迹象: Her work/She shows great promise. 她的作品[她]大有前途. * a scholarship for young musicians of promise 为有发展前途的青年音乐 家提供的奖学金. 4 (idm 习语) a lick and a promise => lick n. promise / 5prCmIs; `prBmIs/ v 1 [I, Tn, Tf, Tt, Dn.n, Dn.pr, Dn.f] ~ sth (to sb) make a promise (to sb); assure (sb) that one will give or do or not do sth （向某人）许诺; 答应（某人）给予某物、做 或不做某事: I can't promise, but I'll do my best. 我不能保证做到, 但我一定尽力而为. * He has promised a thorough investigation into the affair. 他已答应彻查此事. * `Do you promise faithfully to pay me back?' `Yes, I promise.' ｀你能切实保证把钱退还给我吗?＇｀是的, 我保证.＇ * I have promised myself a quiet weekend. 我打算过个清静的周末. * She promised me her help. 她答应过 帮助我. * The firm promised a wage increase to the workers/promised the workers a wage increase. 公司答应给工人增加工资. * She promised me (that) she would be punctual. 她向我保证一定准时. * `Promise (me) you won't forget!' `I promise.' ｀你可得答应我你别忘了!＇｀我答应你.＇ 2 [Tn, Tt] make (sth) seem likely 使（某事物）很有可能: The clouds promise rain. 阴云预示有雨. * It promises to be warm this afternoon. 今天下午可望转暖. 3 (idm 习语) I (can) `promise you (infml 口) I assure you 我向你保证: You won't regret it, I promise you. 我包你满意. promise (sb) the `earth/`moon (infml 口) make extravagant or rash promises that one is unlikely to be able to keep 作 不切实际的或轻率的许诺: Politicians promise the earth before an election, but things are different once they are in power. 政治家在选举前空口许愿, 一旦上台就根本不是那麽回事了. the promised `land (a) (in the Bible) the fertile country promised to the Israelites by God; Canaan （《圣 经》）上帝许给以色列人的肥沃土地, 迦南. (b) any place or situation in which one expects to find happiness and security 期望中的乐土或安乐境界. promise `well seem likely to give good results 可 望产生良好结果; 大有希望: The new sales policy promises well. 新的销售办法可望取得良好效 果. promising adj. (a) likely to do well; full of promise1 (3) 有出息的; 有前途的: a promising young pianist 有前途的青年钢琴家. (b) indicating future success or good results; hopeful 大有可为的; 有 希望的: The results of the first experiments are very promising. 第一次实验的结果充满了希望. * It's a promising sign. 这是个很好的迹象. promisingly adv. promissory / 5prCmIsErI; ?@ -sR:rI; `prBmE9sRrI/ adj (fml 文) conveying a promise 应允的; 约定 的; 许诺的. promissory note signed document containing a promise to pay a stated sum of money on demand or on a specified date 本票; 期票. promontory / 5prCmEntrI; ?@ -tR:rI; `prBmEn9tRrI/ n area of high land jutting out into the sea or a lake; headland （伸入海中或湖中的）悬崖; 岬; 海角. =>illus at coast 见coast 插图. promote / prE5mEUt; prE`mot/ v 1 (a) [esp passive 尤用于被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (to sth) raise sb to a higher position or rank 提升、晋升或擢升某人: She worked hard and was soon promoted. 她工作很努力, 很快便获得提升. * His assistant was promoted over his head, ie above him. 他的助 手获得提升, 地位超过了他. * The football team was promoted to the first division. 该足球队已晋 升为甲级队. (b) [Tn.pr, Cn.n esp passive 尤用于被动语态] ~ sb (from sth) (to sth) (esp Brit) raise sb to the rank of (sth) 提升某人至（某职位）: He was promoted to sergeant. 他已提升为中士. Cf 参 看demote. 2 [Tn] help the progress of (sth); encourage orsupport 促进, 增进（某事物）; 鼓励; 支 持: The organizationworks to promote friendship between nations. 该组织旨在促进各国之间的友谊. * promote a bill in Parliament, ie take the necessary steps for it to be passed 促使某法案在议会通过. 3 [Tn] publicize (sth) in order to sell it 宣传（某物）以促进销售: a publicity campaign to promote her new book 为推销她的新书而开展的宣传活动. promoter n. (a) person who organizes or finances (esp a business company or a sporting event) 发起 人, 创办人, 筹办人, 赞助人（尤指对企业或体育比赛）:a boxing promoter 拳击比赛的筹办人. (b) ~ of sthsupporter of sth 某事物的支持者、倡导者: an enthusiasticpromoter of good causes 有益活 动的热心支持者. promotion / prE5mEUFn; prE`moFEn/ n 1 (a) [U] raising or being raised to a higher rank or position 提升; 晋级: gain/win promotion 获得晋级* If you are successful, you can expect promotion. 你只 要做出成绩, 就能指望获得提升. * [attrib 作定语] promotion prospects 晋升的可能性. (b) [C] instance of this 提升; 晋升: The new job is a promotion for her. 这份新工作对她来说是一次提升. 2 [U] ~ of sth encouragement or aid to the progress of (a cause) （对某事业的）促进, 提倡, 赞助: They worked for the promotion of world peace. 他们为促进世界和平而努力. 3 (a) [U] advertising or other activity intended to increase the sales of a product （为推销商品而作的）广告宣传, 推销活 动: She is responsible for sales promotion. 她负责推销工作. * Advertising is often the most effective method of promotion. 做广告往往是最有效的推销方法.(b) [C] advertising or publicity campaign for a particularproduct （某商品的）推销广告或宣传活动: We are doing a special promotion of our paperback list. 我们正在搞推销平装书的特别宣传活动. promotional / -FEnl; -FEnl/ adj of or relating topromotion(3b) 推销的; 推销广告或宣传的: a promotionaltour by the author 作者以推销作品为目的的巡游. prompt / prCmpt; prBmpt/ adj 1 done without delay; punctual 及时的; 迅速的; 准时的: a prompt reply 及时的答覆* Prompt payment of the invoice would be appreciated. 即付发票款项则不胜感 谢. 2 ~ (in doing sth/to do sth) (of a person) acting without delay （指人）敏捷的, 动作迅速的: She was very prompt in answering my letter. 她给我写回信非常及时. * They were prompt to respond to our call for help. 他们对我们的求助迅即回应. prompt adv punctually 准时地: at 6 o'clock prompt 在 6 点正. promptitude / 5prCmptItju:d; ?@ -tu:d; `prBmptE9tud/ n [U] (fml 文) quality of being prompt; readiness to act 迅速; 敏捷. promptly adv: She replied promptly to my letter. 她立即给我写了回信. promptness n. [U]. prompt / prCmpt; prBmpt/ v 1 [Tn, Dn.t] cause or incite (sb) to do sth 促使或激励（某人）做某事: What prompted him to be so generous? 是什麽原因使得他如此大方呢? * The accident prompted her to renew her insurance. 这一事故促使她为投保续期. 2 [Tn] inspire or cause (a feeling or an action) 激起（感情）; 唤起（行动）: Her question was prompted by worries about her future. 她提 出那个问题是因为她对前途十分忧虑. * What prompted that remark? 那话是怎麽勾起来的? 3 (a) [Tn] help (a speaker) by suggesting the words that could or should follow 给（发言者）作提示: The speaker was rather hesitant and had to be prompted occasionally by the chairman. 那发言者讲话结结 巴巴的, 有时得由主席提示. (b) [I, Tn] follow the text of a play and help (an actor) if he forgets his words, by saying the next line quietly 给（演员）提词: Will you prompt for us at the next performance? 下场演出时你给我们提词好吗? * The actor needed to be prompted frequently. 那演员经常需要提 词. prompt n. act of prompting or words spoken to prompt an actor, a speaker, etc （给予演员、发言 者等的）提示, 提词: She needed an occasional prompt. 她需要不时给予提示. prompter n. person who prompts in a play 提词员. prompting n. [C, U] (act of) urging or persuading 推动; 激励; 敦促; 驱使: Despite several promptings from his parents the boy refused to apologize. 尽管那男孩的父母三番五次要他认错, 那男孩就是不听. * He did it without any prompting from me. 他做这事完全不用我督促. promulgate / 5prCmlgeIt; `prBmEl9-et/ v [Tn] (fml 文) 1 make (sth) widely known; disseminate 宣 扬（某事物）; 传播: promulgate a belief, an idea, a theory, etc 传播信仰、思想、理论等. 2 announce officially (a decree, new law etc); proclaim 公布, 颁布（法令、新法律等）; 宣布. promulgation / 9prCml5geIFn; 9prBmEl`-eFEn/ n [U]:the promulgation of a treaty 条约的公布. prone / prEUn; pron/ adj 1 (of a person or his position) lying flat, esp face downwards （指人或其姿 势）平卧的, （尤指）俯卧的: lying prone 俯卧的* in a prone position 成卧倒姿势. Cf 参看 prostrate 1, supine 1. 2 (a) [pred 作表语] ~ to sth/to do sth liable to sth or likely to do sth; inclined to do sth 易于某事物; 很可能做某事; 有做某事的倾向: prone to infection after a cut scratch 割伤 之后易受感染* prone to fall asleep on long car journeys 乘汽车走长路时容易打盹* He is prone to lose his temper when people disagree with him. 人家一不同意他的意见,他就发脾气. (b) (in compounds 用以构成复合词) liableor susceptible to sth specified (esp sth undesirable) 对某事物 （尤指厌恶的事）有倾向或可能性的: The childis rather `accident-prone. 那个小孩很容易出事儿. * `strike-prone industries 易闹罢工的行业. proneness / 5prEUnnIs; `pronnIs/ n [U]: proneness to injury 易受伤的特性. prong / prCN; ?@ prR:N; prRN/ n each of the two or more long pointed parts of a fork （叉的）尖齿: One of the prongs of the garden fork went through his foot. 园艺叉子的一个尖齿把他的脚扎了. =>illus at fork 见 fork 插图. -pronged ( forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having the number or type of prongs specified 有某数量或类型的尖齿的: a ,four-pronged `fork * (fig 比喻) a three-pronged at`tack, ie one made by three separate forces, usu advancing from different directions. pronominal / prEU5nCmInl; prE`nBmEnl/ adj (grammar) of or like a pronoun 代词（性）的. pronominally / -nElI; -nlI/ adv (grammar) as a pronoun 作为代词: a word used pronominally 用作 代词的词. pronoun / 5prEUnaUn; `pronaJn/ n (grammar) word used in place of a noun or noun phrase, eg he, it, hers, me, them, etc 代词（代替名词或名词词组者, 如 he、 it、 hers 、 me、 them 等）: demonstrative/ interrogative/ personal/ possessive/ relative pronouns 指示[疑问/人称/物主/关系]代 词. pronounce / prE5naUns; prE`naJns/ v 1 [Tn] make the sound of (a word or letter) (in a particular way) 发（词或字母）的音: People pronounce the word differently in this part of the country. 在国内 这一地区, 这个单词的发音不同. * How do you pronounce p-h-l-e-g-m? Look up `phlegm' in the dictionary if you don't know. 怎样念p-h-l-e-g-m 这个词? 你要是不会念, 可查词典中phlegm 的注 音. * The `b' in `debt' is not pronounced. debt 中的b 不发音. 2 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tf, Cn.a] declare or announce (sth) esp formally, solemnly or officially 宣称, 宣布（某事物）（尤指正式地、郑重地或 以官方形式）: pronounce judgement on the issue 宣布对这一问题的判决* The doctors pronounced him to be/that he was no longer in danger. 医生宣称他已脱离危脸. (b) [Cn.a esp passive 尤用于被 动语态] declare (sth) as a consideredopinion 断言（某事物）; 表示: The dinner was pronounced excellent by all the guests. 所有的客人都说这顿饭好极了. * She pronounced herself satisfied with the results. 她对那结果表示满意. 3 [Ipr] (a) ~ for/against sb/sth(law 律) pass judgement in court in favour of/against sb/sth 判决有利于[不利于]某人[某事物]: The judge pronounced against her appeal. 法官驳回了她的上诉请求. * The inquiry pronounced for the protesters against the scheme. 调查结果断定反对这一方案者获胜. (b) ~ on/upon sth express one's opinion on sth, esp formally 就 某事物发表意见; （尤指）正式表态: The minister was asked to pronounce on the proposed new legislation. 要求部长对提出的新法案表态. pronounceable / -Ebl; -Ebl/ adj (of sounds or words) that can be pronounced （指声音）发得出的; （指词）可发音的: I find some of the place-names barely pronounceable. 我发现有些地名简直没法 念. pronounced adj. 1 very noticeable 非常明显的: a pronounced limp 明显的跛行. 2 (of opinions, views, etc) strongly felt; definite （指意见、观点等）被充分感知的, 明确的: She has very pronounced views on the importance of correct spelling. 她极力主张拼写正确是十分重要的. pronouncedly adv. pronouncement n. ~ (on sth) formal statement or declaration 公告; 声明: There has been no official pronouncement yet on the state of the president's health. 官方尚未就总统的健康状况发表公告. pronto / 5prCntEU; `prBnto/ adv (infml 口) at once; quickly 立刻; 马上; 很快地: I want this rubbish cleared away pronto! 把这些垃圾立即给我弄走! pronunciation / prE9nQnsI5eIFn; prE9nQnsI`eFEn/ n 1 (a)[U] way in which a language is spoken （一种语言的）发音（法）: She had difficulty learning English pronunciation. 她学习英语发音有 困难. (b) way a person speaks (the words of) a language （一个人的）发音, 发音方式: Their English pronunciation is not good, but it is improving. 他们的英语发音不够好, 但正在改进. 2 [C] way in which a word is pronounced （一个字的）发音（法）, 读法: Which of these three pronunciations is the most usual? 这三种读法中, 哪一种最常用? proof / pru:f; pruf/ n 1 [C, U] (piece of) evidence that shows, or helps to show, that sth is true or is a fact 证据; 证物; 证言: What proofs have you that the statement is correct? 你有什麽证据可以证明 这种说法是正确的呢? * Have you any proof that you are the owner of the car? 你有证据证明这汽 车是属于你的吗? * written proof 书面证明* documentary proof of his ownership of the land 证明 他领有该地的文件. 2 [U] testing of whether sth is true or a fact; demonstration or proving 验证; 证明; 证实: Is the claim capable of proof? 这要求能证明是合理的吗? 3 [U] standard of strength in distilled alcoholic liquors on a scale in which proof spirit is 100% （酒的）标准酒精度: The liquor is 80% proof. 这种酒为标准度数的80%. * The rum is 30% below proof. 朗姆酒低于标准度数 30%. 4 (a) [C esp pl 尤作复数] trial copy of printed material produced so that corrections may be made 校样: check/correct/read the proofs of a book 校对[修改/审阅]某书的校样* pass the proofs for press, ie approve them, so that printing may begin 同意清样付印 * galley-/page-proofs 长条[分 页]校样 * [attrib 作定语] a proof copy 校样稿. (b) [C] trial print of a photograph 照相样片: proofs of the wedding photos 结婚照的样片. (c) [U] stage in book production when proofs have been made : I read the book in proof. 我审阅了这书的样稿. 5 [C] (mathematics 数) sequence of steps or statements that shows the truth of a proposition 验算; 验证: the proof of a theorem, ie in geometry （几何）定理的证明. 6 (idm 习语) be living proof of sth => living. the proof of the `pudding (is in the `eating) (saying 谚) the real value of sb/sth can be judged only from practical experience and not from appearance or theory 布丁好不好, 吃了才知道（评价人或事物只能凭实际体验不能凭表象 或理论）: The new machine is supposed to be the solution to all our production problems, but the proof of the pudding is in the eating. 新机器按说能够解决我们生产上的一切问题, 然而能否做到 这一点还有待于实践的检验. put sb/sth to the `proof/`test test sb/sth; test the truth of sth 考验某人 [某事物]; 对某事物的真实性加以检验: Let's put his theory to the proof. 让我们来检验一下他的 说法吧. * The crisis put his courage and skill to the test. 这次危难是对他的勇气和技能的考验. proof-read v. [I, Tn] read and correct (proofs) 校对: It is part of your duties to proof-read. 校对是 你的分内之事. * proof-read twenty pages 校对二十页. `proof-reader n. proof spirit mixture of alcohol and water at standard strength 标准烈度的酒. proof / pru:f; pruf/ adj 1 [attrib 作定语] ~ against sth (a) providing protection against sth 可防某事 物的; 有防护作用的: The shelter was proof against the bitter weather. 这个棚子可以避寒. (b) that can resist sth 能抵御某事物的: proof against temptation 能抵制诱惑的. 2 (in compounds 用以构 成复合词) that can resist sth or protect against sth specified 抗...的; 防...的; 耐...的: ,leak-proof `batteries 防漏电池 * Are these batteries `leak-proof? 这些电池能防止漏电吗? * ,bullet-proof `glass * a ,sound-proof `room * ,waterproof `clothing. proof v. [Tn] (fml 文) treat (sth) in order to make it proof against sth (esp fabric in order to make it waterproof) 对（某物）进行处理使具有耐防某事物之特性; （尤指）对（织物）作防水处理. prop / prCp; prBp/ n 1 (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) rigid support, esp a piece of wood, used to prevent sth falling or sagging 支撑物; 支柱: Props were used to prevent the roof collapsing. 用了一些支柱以防止屋顶塌落. * a `pit-prop * a `clothes-prop. 2 (fig 比喻) person or thing that gives help or (esp moral) support to sb/sth 支持者; 后盾; 靠山: a prop and comfort to her parents in their old age 她父母年老时的倚靠和安慰 * His encouragement was a great prop to her self-confidence. 有了他的鼓励, 她的自信心大大增强了. prop v. (-pp-) 1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.a] support (sth) or keep (sth) in position with a prop 支住（某 物）; 用支撑物固定（某物）: The invalid lay propped on the pillows. 那病弱者倚靠在枕头上. * He used a box to prop the door open. 他用盒子顶住门, 让门开著. (b) [Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth against sth lean sb/sth against sth (so that it does not fall down) 使某人[某物]倚靠在某物上: She propped her bicycle against the wall. 她把自行车靠墙放好. * He propped himself against the gatepost. 他倚著 门柱. =>illus 见插图. 2 (phr v) prop sth up (a) use a prop or props to raise sth and prevent it from falling 支撑起某物; 支住某物: The roof will have to be propped up while repairs are carried out. 那 屋顶在修理时要用东西支住. * The baby cannot sit unaided she has to be propped up on pillows. 那婴儿还不会坐--得让她倚著枕头才行. (b) (often derog 常作贬义) support sth that would otherwise fail 支持某事物: The government refuses to prop up inefficient industries. 政府拒绝补贴 效益不佳的行业. * The regime had been propped up by foreign aid. 该政权是靠外国援助维持著 的. prop-word n. (grammar) the word one (or ones) when used to stand for a noun, esp a noun that has been mentioned previously, as in `Which piece would you like?' `I'd like the bigger one.' 代替词（即 one 或ones, 用以代替名词, 尤其是代替前面提到的某名词, 如`Which piece would you like?' `I' d like the bigger one.'）. prop / prCp; prBp/ n (infml 口) = propeller. prop / prCp; prBp/ n (infml 口) = property 5. prop-jet / 5prCpdVet; `prBp9dVZt/ n = turbo-prop. propaganda / 9prCpE5gAndE; 9prBpE`-AndE/ n [U] (a) publicity that is intended to spread ideas or information which will persuade or convince people （观念的）宣传; （信息的）传播: There has been so much propaganda against smoking that many people have given it up. 反对吸烟的宣传很多, 许 多人因而戒了烟. (b) (derog 贬) ideas or statements that are intended as publicity for a particular (political) cause but are (often) presented as being unbiased 为某（政治）利益服务却（常作）貌似 不含偏见的宣传: The play is sheer political propaganda. 那出戏剧纯属政治宣传. * The people want information from the government, not propaganda. 人民要政府讲实话, 而不是玩弄宣传伎俩. * [attrib 作定语] propaganda films, plays, posters, etc 宣传的影片、戏剧、海报等. propagandist / -dIst; -dIst/ n (often derog 常作贬义) person who creates or spreads propaganda 宣 传者; 鼓吹者: anti-smoking propagandists 宣传戒烟者* political propagandists 政治宣传家. propagandize, propagandise / -daIz; -daIz/ v (fml often derog 文, 常作贬义) (a) [I] spread or organize propaganda （进行）宣传; 搞宣传活动. (b) [Tn] spread (sth) bypropaganda 宣传（某事物）: propagandize political ideology 宣传政治观点. (c) [Tn] spread propaganda to (a group, class, nation, etc) 向（某团体、阶级、国家等）宣传. propagate / 5prCpEgeIt; `prBpE9-et/ v 1 [Tn] increase the number of (plants, animals, etc) by a natural processfrom the parent stock 繁殖（动植物等）; 使增殖: propagate plants from seeds and cuttings 由种子和枝条繁殖植物* propagate plants by taking cuttings 藉插枝繁殖植物. 2 [I, Tn] (of plants) reproduce (themselves) （指植物）繁殖, 繁衍, 增殖: Plants won't propagate in these conditions. 植物在这种条件下不能繁殖. * Trees propagate themselves by seeds. 树木靠种子繁衍. 3 [Tn] (fml 文) spread (views, knowledge, beliefs, etc) more widely 传播（观点、知识、信仰等）: Missionaries went far afield to propagate their faith. 传教士到远方去传播其信仰. 4 [Tn] (fml 文) cause or allow (sth) to pass through sth; transmit 促使或准许（某物）通过他物; 传导; 传送: propagate vibrations through rock 通过岩石传导震动. propagation / 9prCpE5geIFn; 9prBpE`-eFEn/ n [U] propagating or being propagated 繁殖; 增殖; 传播; 传送: the propagation of plants from cuttings 植物的插枝繁殖. propagator person or thing that propagates 繁殖者; 传播者: tomato plants growing in a propagator 在繁育场中 栽培的西红柿植株. propane / 5prEUpeIn; `propen/ n [U] (chemistry 化) type of colourless gas, found in natural gas and petroleum and used as a fuel 丙烷. propel / prE5pel; prE`pZl/ v (-ll-) [Tn, Tn.pr] move, driveor push (sth) forward 推进, 驱动, 推（某 物）: mechanically propelled vehicles 机动车辆* a boat propelled by oars 用桨划的船 * (fig 比喻) His addiction to drugs propelled him towards a life of crime. 他吸毒成瘾使他走上犯罪的道路. propellant (also propellent) / -Ent; -Ent/ n [C, U] propelling agent, eg an explosive that propels a bullet from a weapon, a fuel that provides thrust for a rocket, or compressed gas that forces out the contents of an aerosol container 推进剂（如武器的发射火药、火箭的燃料、喷雾容器中用以产 生压力的压缩气体等）. propellent / -Ent; -Ent/ adj that propels 推进的; 起推动作用的: a propellent agent 推进剂. propeller (also `screw-propeller, infml 口语作 prop) n. two or more spiral blades fixed to a revolving shaft for propelling a ship or an aircraft （轮船或飞机的）推进器, 螺旋桨. propelling pencil pencil with a lead that can be moved forwards by turning the outer case 自动铅笔. propensity / prE5pensEtI; prE`pZnsEtI/ n ~ (for/to/towards sth); ~ (for doing/to do sth) (fml 文) inclination or tendency 倾向; 习性: a propensity to exaggerate/towards exaggeration 浮夸的倾向 * a propensity for getting into debt 借债的习性. proper / 5prCpE(r); `prBpL/ adj 1 (a) that fits, belongs or is suitable; fitting or appropriate 适合的; 适当的; 适宜的; 适用的; 恰当的: clothes proper for the occasion 适于那种场合的衣服 * the proper tool for the job 适用于这种工作的工具* The teapot has lost its proper lid but this one will do instead. 茶壶盖儿不见了, 但这个可代替使用. (b) [attrib 作定语] according to the rules; right or correct 遵守规则的; 正确的; 对的: the proper way to hold the bat 正确的执拍方法* The reels of film were not in the proper order. 电影胶片卷盘的顺序弄错了. 2according to or respecting social conventions; respectable 遵照或尊重社会习俗的; 可敬的; 体面的: After a very proper upbringing he chose to lead the Bohemian life of an artist. 他受过正统的教育, 却立意过著艺术家我行我素的 生活. * She's not at all a proper person for you to know. 她可不是正派人, 你不应该结识她. Cf 参 看 improper. 3 (a) [attrib 作定语] (infml 口) being in fact what it is called; genuine 名副其实的; 真正的: She hadn't had a proper holiday for years. 多年来她都没有过真正的假期. * It was discovered that he was not a proper (ie qualified) doctor. 已经发现他并不是合格的医生. (b) (placed after the n 置于名词之后) strictly so called; itself 严格而言的; 本身的: You have to wait in a large entrance hall before being shown into the court proper. 进入皇宫时先要在入口大厅等候, 由人带领 进入正殿. * Students have to do a year's preparation before they start the degree course proper. 学生 要先念一年预科, 然后才能开始攻读学位课程. 4 [attrib 作定语] (infml 口) thorough; complete 彻底的; 十足的: We're in a proper mess now. 我们现在真是一团糟. * He gave the burglar a proper hiding, ie beat him thoroughly. 他给了那窃贼一顿痛打. 5 (idm 习语) do the proper/right thing (by sb) => thing. prim and proper => prim. properly adv 1 in a proper manner 适当地; 恰当地; 循规蹈矩地; 正确地; 可敬地; 真正地; 严格地: She will have to learn to behave properly. 她要懂得检点些. * Do it properly or don't do it at all. 要干就 得好好干. * He is not properly (ie strictly) speaking a member of the staff. 严格说来, 他不算是职 员. 2 (infml 口) thoroughly 彻底地: He got properly beaten by the world champion. 他被那个世 界冠军打得惨败. proper fraction ( mathematics 数) fraction that has a lower number above the line than below 真分 数: , , --- are proper fractions. 、、 ---都是真分数. Cf 参看improper fraction (improper). proper name (also `proper noun) ( grammar) name of an individual person, place, etc (written with an initial capital letter), eg Jane, Mr Smith, London, Europe, the Thames 专有名词（人、地等的专 用称呼, 书写时以大写字母开头, 如 Jane 简、 Mr Smith 史密斯先生、 London 伦敦、 Europe 欧洲、 the Thames 泰晤士河）. property / 5prCpEtI; `prBpLtI/ n 1 [U] thing or things owned; possession (s) 所有物; 财产; 资产: Don't touch those tools they are not your property. 不要动那些工具--那不是你的东西. * The jewels were her personal property. 这些首饰是她的私人财产. 2 (a) [U] land and buildings; real estate 房地产; 不动产: a man/woman of property, ie one who owns property 有房地产的男人[女人] * She invested her money in property. 她进行房地产投资. * [attrib 作定语] property development, management,speculation 房地产开发、管理、投机. (b) [C] (fml 文) piece of land and its buildings （一处）房地产: He has a property in the West Country. 他在英格兰西南部有一处房地产. * A fence divides the two properties. 有一道栅栏隔著这两处房地产. 3 [U] (fml 文) owning or being owned; ownership 所有; 所有权: Property brings duties and responsibilities. 有了财产也就有了义 务和责任.4 [C esp pl 尤作复数] (fml 文) special quality or characteristic of a substance, etc （物质 等的）特性, 性质: Certain plants have medicinal (ie healing) properties. 某些植物具有药物效用. * the soothing properties of an ointment 一种油膏的止痛性能 * Paraffin has the property of dissolving grease. 石蜡具有溶解油脂的特性. 5 [C usu pl 通常作复数] (also infml 口语作 prop) (on a stage or a film set) movable object, eg a piece of furniture or a costume, used in a performance （舞台上或电影布景中）表演用的可移动物件（道具或服装）: She was responsible for buying the properties for the television series. 她负责采购电视系列片所用的道具. 6 (idm 习语) public property => public. propertied / 5prCpEtId; `prBpLtId/ adj (fml 文) owning property, esp land 有产的; （尤指）有地 产的: The tax will affect only the propertied classes. 该税项仅影响有房地产的阶层. prophecy / 5prCfEsI; `prBfEsI/ n 1 [U] (power of) saying what will happen in the future 预言（能 力）: He seemed to have the gift of prophecy. 他似乎有预言的天赋. * All these events had been revealed by prophecy. 所有这些事以前都有过预言. 2 [C] statement that tells what will happen in the future 预言: prophecies of disaster 对灾祸的预言* Her prophecy was proved to be correct. 她 的预言都已实现. prophesy / 5prCfEsaI; `prBfE9saI/ v (pt, pp -sied) 1 [I, Ip] ~ (of sth) foretell future events; speak as a prophet; make prophecies 预告未来; 作预言. 2 [Tn, Tf, Tw] say (what will happen in the future); foretell 预告（某事）; 预言: He prophesied the strange events that were to come. 他预言要有怪事 发生. * They prophesied correctly that the Conservatives would win the election. 他们预言保守党人 在选举中获胜, 果然不出所料. * He refused to prophesy when the economy would begin to improve. 他不愿推测经济何时好转. prophet / 5prCfIt; `prBfIt/ n (fem 阴性作prophetess / 5prCfItes, also 9prCfI5tes; `prBfItIs/) 1 [C] person who tells, or claims to be able to tell, what will happen in the future 预言者; 预言家: (joc 谑) I'm afraid I'm no weather prophet. 我可不会预测天气. 2 (a) (also Prophet) [C] (in the Christian, Jewish and Muslim religions) person who teaches religion and is, or claims to be, inspired by God （基督教、犹太教及伊斯兰教的）先知（宣讲教义并称受到神灵启示者）: the Prophets of the Old Testament 《旧约》中的先知. (b) the Prophet [sing] the founder of the Muslim religion, Mohammed 穆罕默德（伊斯兰教创立人）. (c) the Prophets [pl] the prophetical books of the Old Testament （《旧 约》中的）先知书. 3 [C] ~ (of sth) spokesman or advocate of a new belief, cause, theory, etc （一 种新的信仰、事业、理论等的）鼓吹者, 提倡者: William Morris was one of the early prophets of socialism. 威廉·莫里斯是社会主义的早期鼓吹者之一. 4 (idm 习语) a ,prophet of `doom person who holds or expresses pessimistic views about sth, esp about the future of the world 对某事物（尤指 对世界的未来）持悲观看法或散布悲观言论者: If we had listened to the prophets of doom, we would never have started the project. 要是我们听信那些悲观者的论调, 那工程就永远不可能上 马. prophetic / prE5fetIk; prE`fZtIk/ (also prophetical / prE5fetIkl; prEfZtIkl/) adj (fml 文) 1 ofor like a prophet or prophets （似）预言家的; （似）先知的. 2 ~ (of sth) predicting or containing a prediction 预言的; 预告的; 含预言成分的: prophetic remarks 带有预言性质的话* Her early achievements were prophetic of her future greatness. 她早期的成就预示了她日后卓尔不群. prophetically / -klI; -klI/ adv: We were to realize years later how prophetically he spoke on that occasion. 若干年后我们就能体会他当时说的话多有预见. prophylactic / 9prCfI5lAktIk; 9prBfE`lAktIk/ adj (fml 文) tending to prevent a disease or misfortune 预防（疾病或灾祸）的. prophylactic n. (fml 文) 1 prophylactic medicine, device or course of action 有预防作用的药物、 器具、措施或方法. 2 (esp US) = condom. prophylaxis / -5lAksIs; -`lAksIs/ n [U] (fml 文) preventive treatment against disease, etc （疾病等 的）预防. propinquity / prE5pINkwEtI; prE`pINkwEtI/ n [U] (fml 文) (a) nearness in space or time （空间或时 间上的）接近, 邻近: The neighbours lived in close propinquity toeach other. 这些邻居住得很近. (b) close blood relationship; consanguinity 近亲关系; 血亲. propitiate / prE5pIFIeIt; prE`pIFI9et/ v [Tn] (fml 文) win the favour or forgiveness of (sb) (esp when he is angry) by a pleasing act; appease or placate 讨好（某人）; 求得（某人）原谅; （尤指）哄（某 人）息怒; 劝解; 抚慰: They offered sacrifices to propitiate the gods. 他们供奉祭品以求神息怒. propitiation / prE9pIFI5eIFn; prE9pIFI`eFEn/ n [U] ~ (of sb); ~ (for sth): propitiation of the gods 求 神饶恕* in propitiation for their sins 以宽恕他们的罪过. propitiatory / prE5pIFIEtrI; ?@ -tR:rI; prE`pIFIE9tRrI/ adj (fml 文) serving or intended to propitiate 谋求好感的;请求原谅的; 哄人息怒的; 劝解的; 抚慰的: a propitiatory gift, remark, smile 赔礼道 歉的礼物、言语、微笑. propitious / prE5pIFEs; prE`pIFEs/ adj ~ (for sth) (fml 文) giving or indicating a good chance of success; favourable 吉利的; 有利的: It was not a propitious time to start a new business. 这时候开 张不吉利. * The circumstances were not propitious for further expansion of the company. 这些情况 不利于公司的进一步发展. propitiously adv. proponent / prE5pEUnEnt; prE`ponEnt/ n ~ (of sth) person who supports a cause, theory, etc （某事 业、理论等的）支持者, 拥护者, 倡导者: one of the leading proponents of the Channel Tunnel 修 建英吉利海峡隧道的主要倡议者之一. proportion / prE5pR:Fn; prE`pRrFEn/ n 1 [C] comparative part or share of a whole; fraction 部分; 份儿; 局部: a large proportion of the earth's surface 地球表面的大部分* The proportion of the population still speaking the dialect is very small. 只有少数居民仍使用这种方言. * A fixed proportion of the fund is invested in British firms. 资金中有一固定部分是投资于英国企业的. 2 [U] ~ (of sth to sth) relation of one thing to another in quantity, size, etc; ratio 一物与他物在数量、 大小等方面的关系; 比例; 比: The proportion of imports to exports (ie excess of imports over exports) is worrying the government. 进口与出口的比例（入超）令政府担忧. * the proportion of passes to failures in the final examination 期末考试中及格者与不及格者的比例 * What is the proportion of men to women in the population? 人口中男女的比例是多少? 3 [U, C usu pl 作不可 数名词或可数名词, 后者通常作复数] correct or ideal relation in size, degree, etc between one thing and another or between the parts of a whole 均衡; 匀称; 协调; 和谐: the classical proportions of the room 这房间的匀称协调* The two windows are in admirable proportion. 这两扇窗户十分相称. 4 proportions[pl] measurements or dimensions; size 面积; 体积; 规模; 程度; 大小: a ship of impressive proportions 巨大的船* a painting of huge proportions 一幅巨画. 5 [U] (mathematics 数) relationship between four numbers in which the ratio of the first two equals the ratio of the second two 比例: `4 is to 8 as 6 is to 12' is a statement of proportion. ｀4 比8 与6 比12 的比例相等＇是一 种有关比例的陈述. 6 (idm 习语) ,in `proportion (a) in the correct relation to other things 相称; 符合比例: Try to draw the figures in the foreground in proportion. 要把前景中的人物画得合比例. * Her features are in proportion, ie are of the correct size relative to each other. 她五官端正. * get/see things in proportion 办事情[看问题]恰如其分* Try to see the problem in proportion -- it could be far worse. 看问题要恰如其分--事情有可能糟得多. (b) (mathematics 数) having equal ratios 有相 同的比值: 5/8 and 10/16 are in proportion. 5/8 和 10/16 比值相同. in proportion to sth relative to sth 相对于某事物来说; 与某物成比例: The room is wide in proportion to its height. 这房间就其高 度的比例而言是很宽的. * Payment will be in proportion to the work done, not to the time spent doing it. 报酬将与工作量成比例, 而不是与花费的时间成比例. ,out of `proportion (to sth) in the wrong relation (to other things) 不相称; 不成比例: The figures of the horses in the foreground are out of proportion. 前景中的马画得不成比例. * Her head is out of proportion to the size of her body. 她的头部与身体大小不成比例. out of (all) proportion to sth too large, serious, etc in relation to sth 对某事物来说过大、过于严重等: prices out of all proportion to income 与收入完全脱节的高价 * punishment that was out of all proportion to the offence committed 罚不当罪. proportioned adj. (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) having the proportions (proportion 4) specified （面积、体积、规模、程度、大小）有某种比例关系的: a well-proportioned room 各 方面都很匀称的房间. proportional / prE5pR:FEnl; prE`pRrFEnl/ adj ~ (to sth) (fml 文) corresponding in size, amount or degree (to sth); in the correct proportion （与某事物在大小、数量或程度上）相称的, 成比例的: Payment will be proportional to the amount of work done. 酬金将与工作量成比例. proportionally / -FEnElI; -FnElI/ adv. proportional representation ( abbr 缩写PR) electoral system that gives each party a number of seats in proportion to the number of votes its candidates receive 比例代表制（按各政党候选人所得 票数之比例分配席位的选举制度）. Cf 参看first past the post (first1). proportionate / prE5pR:FEnEt; prE`pRrFEnIt/ adj ~ (to sth) (fml 文) in proportion (to sth); corresponding to sth （与某事物）成比例的; 与某事物相称的: The price increases are proportionate to the increases in the costs of production. 价格的上涨与生产成本的增加成比例. proportionately adv: Costs have risen, and prices will rise proportionately. 成本增加了, 价格也要相应提高. proposal / prE5pEUzl; prE`pozl/ n 1 [U] action of suggesting or putting forward 提议; 建议: the proposal of new terms for a peace treaty 缔结和平条约新条款的建议. 2 [C] ~ (for sth/doing sth); ~ (to do sth) thing that is suggested; plan or scheme 提案; 建议; 计画; 方案: a proposal for uniting the two companies 将两公司联合起来的建议* Various proposals were put forward for increasing sales. 为提高销售额而提出了各种的建议. * a proposal to offer a discount to regular customers 对 经常性的主顾予以折扣优惠的方案. 3 [C] suggestion or request, esp from a man to a woman, that the two should marry 求婚（尤指男向女）: She had had many proposals (of marriage) but preferred to remain single. 许多人向她求过婚, 但她愿过独身生活. propose / prE5pEUz; prE`poz/ v 1 [Tn, Tf, Tg] offer or put forward (sth) for consideration; suggest 提议, 建议（某事物）: The motion (ie for debate) was proposed by Mr X and seconded by Mrs Y. 那 动议经X 先生提出有Y 夫人附议. * The committee proposed that new legislation should be drafted. 委员会建议著手起草新法规. Cf 参看 second3 2. 2 [Tn, Tt, Tg] have (sth) as one's plan or intention; intend 打算, 计画（某事物）; 意欲: I propose an early start/to make an early start/making an early start tomorrow. 我打算明天早早出发. 3 [I, Ipr, Tn, Dn.pr] ~ (sth) (to sb) suggest or offer marriage (to sb), esp formally （向某人）求婚（尤指正式地）: He was trying to decide whether he should propose (to her). 他反覆思量是否该（向她）求婚. * He had proposed marriage, unsuccessfully, twice already. 他已经两次求婚, 均未成功. 4 [Tn.pr, Cn.n/a] ~ sb for sth; ~ sb as sth put forward (sb/sb's name) for an office, membership of a club, etc; nominate sb 推荐（某人）（担任某职、成为 某俱乐部之成员等）; 提名某人: propose him for membership of the society 推荐他为协会会员 * I propose Mary Davies as a candidate for the presidency. 我提名玛丽·戴维斯为总裁候选人. 5 (idm 习语) propose sb's `health/a `toast ask people to drink to sb's health and happiness 提议为某人的健 康和幸福而乾杯: I should like to propose a toast to the bride and bridegroom. 我提议为新娘新郎的 幸福乾杯. proposer n. person who proposes (esp a motion, a candidate for office, etc) 提议人; 建议人; （尤 指）提出动议者, 推荐者. Cf 参看 seconder (second3). proposition / 9prCpE5zIFn; 9prBpE`zIFEn/ n 1 ~ (that...)statement that expresses a judgement or an opinion; assertion 观点; 见解; 主张: The proposition is so clear that it needs no explanation. 观点 十分明确, 无须解释. 2 ~ (to do sth/that...) thing that is proposed, esp in business; suggestion 提议, 建议（尤指业务上的）: I made what I hoped was an attractive proposition. 我希望我提的建议能吸 引买家. * a proposition to merge the two firms/that the two firms should merge 将两家商行合并的 提议. 3 (infml 口) matter to be dealt with; problem or task 要处理的事; 问题; 任务: It's a tough/not an easy proposition. 这是一件棘手的[不好办的]事. * Keeping a shop in this village is not a paying proposition, ie not profitable. 在这个村子里开设商店是一桩亏本的买卖. 4 (geometry 几) formal statement of a theorem or problem, usu containing its proof 定理; 命题. proposition v. [Tn] propose sexual intercourse to (a woman), esp in a direct and offensive way 向 （女方）提出性交要求（尤指直言而放肆）; 求欢: She was propositioned several times in the course of the evening. 整个晚上有人几次向她提出非分要求. propound / prE5paUnd; prE`paJnd/ v [Tn] (fml 文) put (sth) forward for consideration or solution 将 （某事物）提请考虑; 提出（某事物）以求解决: propound an idea, a problem, a question, a theory, etc 提出一个主意、一个问题、一个疑问、一种理论等. amour propre / 9AmUE 5prCprE; 9AmJr`prRprE/ (French 法) self-respect; self-esteem 自尊; 自重; 自负: Try not to offend his amour propre. 尽量别伤他自尊心. proprietary / prE5praIEtrI; ?@ -terI; prE`praIE9tZrI/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] 1 (a) (of goods) manufactured and sold by a particular firm, usu under patent （指货物）独家制造和销售的, （通常 指）专利的: proprietary medicines 专卖药品* proprietary brands 专利商标. (b) (in this dictionary abbreviated as propr) (of a brand name) owned and used exclusively by a particular firm （本词典略Oxford Dictionary Translation memory software company ForeignDesk, Okapi Framework, OmegaT, Transolution, AidTransStudio, Cafetran, Déjà Vu (DVX), Heartsome Translation Suite, MemoQ, MetaTexis, Rainbow, SDLX, SDL, STAR Transit, Trados, SDL Trados, Wordfast, WordFisher, Similis, Open Language Tools http://www.transgood.com