TransGood-Translation memory software Trados, SDL, ForeignDesk, Wordfast, WordFisher, Déjà Vu (DVX), 译佳计算机辅助翻译软件, 雅信CAT TransGood, TransMemory, Translation Software Tools, Computer-assisted translation, computer-aided translation, CAT, machine-aided translation, Translation memory software, Terminology management software, Alignment software, Software localization tools, ?bersetzung Software, Logiciels de traduction, Software di traduzione, Traducción de Software, Mémoire de traduction, Tradu??o memória, Memoria de traducción, Memoria di traduzione, Перевод Software, ForeignDesk, Okapi Framework, OmegaT, Transolution, AidTransStudio, Cafetran, Déjà Vu (DVX), Heartsome Translation Suite, MemoQ, MetaTexis, Rainbow, SDLX, SDL, STAR Transit, Trados, SDL Trados, Wordfast, WordFisher, Similis, Open Language Tools, 翻訳ソフトウェア, 翻訳メモリ, 翻译软件 辅助翻译软件 计算机辅助翻译软件 人工智能翻译 翻译工具 专业翻译软件 翻译记忆软件 塔多思 Trados SDL WordFast 雅信CAT 翻译公司 牛津词典 Oxford Dictionary along, in, out, up, etc (infml 口) move in the specified direction, sending out small clouds of smoke or breathing heavily 喷著一股股的烟向某方向移动; 气喘吁吁地行进: The train puffed out of the station. 火车吐著烟驶出了车站. * She puffed up the hill. 她气喘吁吁地爬上山顶. puff sb out (usu passive 通常用于被动语态) (infml 口) cause sb to be out of breath 使某人气喘不止: That run has puffed me out. 那场赛跑累得我喘不过气来. * He was puffed out after climbing all those stairs. 他 登完楼梯后已经上气不接下气了. puff sth out extinguish (a candle, etc) by blowing 吹灭（蜡烛等）. puff sth out/up (cause sth to) swell (as) with air （使某物）膨胀（如有空气）: The bird puffed out/up its feathers. 那鸟膨起了羽毛. * She puffed up the cushions. 她给垫子充了气. * puff out one's cheeks 鼓起双颊. puffed adj. [usu pred 通常作表语] (infml 口) (of a person) breathing with difficulty; out of breath （指人）呼吸困难, 气吁吁: He was quite puffed by the time he reached the top. 他登上顶端时气喘 得很厉害. puffin / 5pQfIn; `pQfIn/ n type of N Atlantic sea-bird with a large brightly-coloured bill 海鹦（海鸟, 产于北大西洋,嘴大而颜色鲜艳）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1 插图, page v. pug / pQg; pQ-/ (also `pug-dog) n small dog with a short flattish nose like that of a bulldog 哈巴狗. pug-nose n. short, squat or snub nose 短平的翘鼻子; 狮子鼻. pug-nosed adj. having a pug-nose 长有狮子鼻的. pugilist / 5pju:dVIlIst; `pjudVElIst/ n (fml 文) professionalboxer （职业的）拳击手. pugilism / -lIzEm; -lIzEm/ n [U] (fml 文) professionalboxing （职业）拳击. pugilistic / 9pju:dVI5lIstIk; 9pjudVE`lIstIk/ adj (fml 文)(a) of or like a pugilist （似）职业拳击手 的. (b) of pugilism （职业）拳击的. pugnacious / pQg5neIFEs; pQ-`neFEs/ adj (fml 文) inclined or eager to fight; aggressive 好战的; 好 斗的; 好寻衅的: in a pugnacious mood 有好斗的情绪. pugnaciously adj. pugnacity / pQg5nAsEtI; pQ-`nAsEtI/ n [U]. puke / pju:k; pjuk/ v [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (up) (sl 俚) vomit 呕吐: The baby puked (up) all over me. 这小孩儿吐了我一身. * It makes me want to puke (ie It disgusts me)! 这真让人恶心（使我感到厌 恶）! puke n. [U] vomit 呕吐. pull / pUl; pJl/ n 1 [C] ~ (at/on sth) act of pulling; tug 拉; 拖; 扯; 拽; 牵: A pull on the rope will make the bell ring. 一拉绳子钟就响. * I felt a pull at my sleeve and turned round. 我觉得有人扯我 的袖子, 便转过身来. 2 [sing] the ~ of sth (a) physical force or magnetic attraction found in nature （自然界的）力, 磁力, 引力: The tides depend on the pull of the moon. 潮汐是月亮引力作用的结 果. * the pull of the current carrying us downstream 使我们顺流而下的冲力. (b) (fig 比喻) force that influences a person's behaviour, career, etc （对人的行为、事业等的）影响（力）, 吸引（力）: the pull of the wandering life 漫游生活之令人神往* He felt the pull of the sea again. 他又感到了 海上生活的吸引力. 3 [U] (infml 口) influence over other people （对他人的）影响（力）: He has a lot of pull with the managing director. 他对总经理有很大的影响力. 4 [C] ~ (at sth) (a) action of drinking deeply 大口喝: take a pull at a bottle 从瓶中喝一大口. (b) action of inhaling smoke from a cigarette, pipe, etc 吸, 抽（香烟、烟斗等）: She took a long pull at her cigarette. 她深深地吸了一 口烟. 5 [sing] prolonged effort (in walking, rowing etc) （行走、划船等）持续的努力: It was a hard pull up to the mountain hut. 费了很大力气才到达山上的小屋. * It was a long pull to the shore. 费 了半天劲才划到岸边. 6 [C] (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) handle for pulling sth 拉手; 拉线; 拉环: a bell-pull. 7 [C] (in printing) single impression; proof （印刷）样张, 校样. 8 [C] (in cricket or golf) type of stroke （板球或高尔夫球的）一种击球方式. Cf 参看 pull2 11. pull / pUl; pJl/ v 1 (a) [I] use force on sth in order tomove it towards oneself 拉; 拖; 扯; 拽; 牵: In a tug-of-war,the competitors pull as hard as they can. 在拔河比赛中, 双方队员都拼命地拉. * You push and I'll pull. 你来推, 我来拉. (b) [Tn] use this force on (sth); tug 拉, 拖, 扯, 拽（某物）: Fred pulled his sister's hair and made her cry. 弗雷德揪他妹妹的头发, 把她弄哭了. * He pulled my ears/me by the ears. 他扯我的耳朵. * pull (ie draw) the blinds/curtains 拉窗帘[帘子]. (c) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p, Cn.a] cause (sth) to move (in a specified direction) by using this force; draw sth 拖拉（某物）; 牵引某物: How many coaches can that locomotive pull? 那个火车头能拉多少节车厢? * Would you rather push the barrow or pull it? 这辆小车你愿意推呢, 还是愿意拉呢? * The horse was pulling a heavy cart (up a steep slope). 马拉著一辆沉重的车子（走上陡坡）. * Pull your chair up to/nearer to the table. 把你的椅子拉到桌子跟前来. * Pull the plug out. 把塞子拔掉. * The child was pulling the toy along behind her. 那小女孩拖著玩具走. * pull the door shut/to 带上门* pull off/on one's shoes, socks, etc 脱掉[穿上]鞋、袜子等. =>Usage 见所附用法. 2 [Tn] (a) remove (sth) by using force; draw sth out 使用拉力移动（某物）; 拔出、抽出某物: pull a cork, tooth, stopper 拔软木塞、牙、 塞子* pull a gun (on sb), ie from a pocket, holster, etc （从衣袋、枪套等中）掏出枪（对付某人） * pull (a pint of beer), ie draw it out from a barrel （从桶中）汲取（一品脱啤酒）* She spent the afternoon pulling weeds in the garden. 她一下午都在花园里拔草. * pull a chicken, ie remove its innards before cooking it 掏出鸡的内脏（以备烹调）. (b) damage (sth) by using too much force; strain or tear 拉伤（某物）; 扭伤; 扯伤: pull a ligament/muscle/tendon 扭伤韧带[肌肉/腱]. 3 [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (for sth) (cause a boat to) move through the water by the action of oars 划（船）: They pulled hard and reached the shore quickly. 他们用力划船, 很快就到了岸边. * Pull for shore! 向岸边划! * They pulled (the boat) to the shore. 他们（把船）划向岸边. 4 [Ipr] ~ at/on sth (a) give a tug on sth 拉某物一下: pull at/on a rope 拉一下绳子. (b) draw or suck sth 抽或吸某物: pull at/on a pipe, ie draw breath and smoke through a tobacco pipe 吸烟斗* pull at (ie have a drink from) a bottle 从瓶 中喝. 5 [Tn] move (a switch, lever, etc) in order to operate a mechanism 扳动（开关、手柄等）以 操纵机械: pull the trigger, ie fire a gun 扣扳机（开枪）. 6 [Tn] (sl 俚) attract (sb) sexually （在性 方面）吸引（某人）: He can still pull the girls. 他还能吸引女性. 7 [Tn] (sl 俚esp US) succeed in committing (a crime, esp stealing) or in playing a (trick) on sb 犯下（罪行, 尤指盗窃）; 对某人耍 （花招）: They pulled a bank (job). 他们抢了银行. * He's pulling some sort of trick. 他不定在耍什 麽花招. 8 [I] (of a horse) struggle against the bit, esp habitually （指马）甩嚼子（尤指习惯地）. 9 [I, Tn] (cause a vehicle to) move sideways; veer or steer (sth) （使机动车）打斜; 使（某物）转向; 操 纵（某物）: The car seems to be pulling to the left. 那汽车似乎在向左偏. * She pulled the van to the left to avoid a dog. 她把客货车向左一闪以免轧著狗. 10 [Tn] (a) hold back (a horse) in a race in order to avoid winning （赛马中存心要输）控制（马）（放慢）. (b) (in boxing) hold back a blow in order to avoid hurting sb （拳击中为避免伤著对方）收住拳. 11 [Tn] (a) (in golf) hit (the ball) wrongly to the left （高尔夫球）击（球）误向左偏. Cf 参看slice 4. (b) (in cricket) strike (the ball) forward and to the left of the wicket by striking across the ball's path （板球）击（球）向前至三柱 门的左方. 12 (idm 习语) bring/pull sb up `short/`sharply make sb stop suddenly 使某人突然停止: Her remark pulled me up short. 我听到她的话后一下子愣住了. make/pull `faces/a `face => face1. pick/pull sb/sth to pieces => piece1. pull the ,carpet/,rug (out) from under sb's `feet (infml 口) take the help or support away from sb suddenly 突然停止对某人的援助或支持: His mother pulled the carpet from under his feet by announcing that she was selling the house. 他母亲说要把那所房子卖了, 他 顿时感到失去了依靠. pull a `fast one (on sb) (infml 口) gain an advantage (over sb) by a trick; deceive （对某人）耍手段占便宜; 蒙骗. pull sb's `leg (infml 口) make fun of sb, esp by making him believe sth that is untrue; tease sb 开某人的玩笑（尤指使其信以为真）; 耍弄某人. pull the `other one ( it's got `bells on) (infml 口) (expression used when one believes that the person one is talking to is pulling one's leg 认为对方在耍弄自己时的用语). pull out all the `stops (infml 口) use all one's power or resources in order to achieve sth 竭尽全力; 全力以赴: The airline pulled out all the stops to get him there in time. 航空部门已想尽一切办法好让他及时赶到那里. pull the `plug on sb/sth (sl 俚) destroy sb/sth 毁掉某人[某事物]. pull one's `punches (usu negative 通常用于否定式) (infml 口) attack (sb) less vigorously than one is able to 不全力攻击（某人）: He certainly didn' （留有余地）t pull any punches when it came to criticizing the work. 他批评这项工作时可绝不留情. pull `rank (on sb) make use of one's place or status in society or at work to gain advantages (over sb) to which one is not really entitled 利用地位权势占（某人）便宜. pull one's `socks up (infml 口) try harder or improve one's behaviour 多加把劲; 努力改进: The class were told that there would be no outing unless they pulled their socks up. 已告诉这班的学生, 要是他们不努力, 就不能去游玩. pull `strings/`wires (for sb) (infml 口) use influential friends, indirect pressure, etc in order to obtain an advantage (for sb) 凭藉私人关系、间接压力等（为某人）谋取好处; 走后门: My father pulled a few strings to get me into the Civil Service. 我父亲凭藉一些私人关系把我弄到政府机关任职. pull the `strings/`wires control events or the actions of other people 幕后操纵或牵线. pull oneself up by one's (own) `bootstraps (infml 口) try to improve one's position by one's own unaided efforts 依靠自己的努力改 善处境; 自力更生. pull up one's `roots move from a settled home, job, etc to start a new life elsewhere 离开家、工作等另创新生活; 迁居; 改行. pull one's `weight do one's fair share in a job, project, etc 尽本分: We can succeed only if everyone in the team pulls his weight. 我们全队只有人 人各尽所能才能取得成功. pull the `wool over sb's eyes (infml 口) hide one's real actions or intentions from sb; deceive 对某人隐瞒真实举动或意图; 掩人耳目: It's no use trying to pull the wool over my eyes I know exactly what`s going on. 要想瞒我是多此一举的--我对所发生的事一 清二楚. 13 (phr v) pull ahead (of sb/sth) move in front (of sb/sth) 领先（于某人[某事物]）: The car pulled ahead as soon as the road was clear. 路上稍一有空, 那辆汽车就抢到前面去了. * The team has pulled well ahead of the rest in the championship. 这个队在锦标赛中遥遥领先于其他各队. pull (sb) back ( cause sb to) retreat; withdraw (sb) （使某人）退却; 撤回（某人）: The army pulled back after the battle. 部队在结束战斗以后撤走了. pull sb down ( infml 口) (of an illness) leave sb in a weak condition （指疾病）使某人虚弱: His long illness had pulled him down. 他因长期患病身体很虚弱. (a) pull sth down (a) destroy or demolish (eg an old building) 毁坏, 拆毁（如旧建筑物）: The cinema she used to visit had been pulled down. 她常去的那家电影院已经拆除了. (b) => pull sth in. pull sb in ( a) (infml 口) bring sb to a police station for questioning; detain sb 把某人带到警察局 问话; 拘留某人. (b) attract (audiences, supporters, etc) 吸引（观众、支持者等）: How many voters can he pull in? 能有多少人投他的票? * The new show is certainly pulling in the crowds. 新的表演 一定很吸引人. pull sth in (US pull sth down) (infml 口) earn (money, a salary, etc) 挣（钱、薪水等）: He's pulling in 50000 a year. 他一年挣 50000 英镑. pull into sth; pull in (to sth) ( a) (of a train) enter a station （指火车）进站: The train pulled in right on time. 这列火车正点到站. * Passengers stood and stretched as the train pulled into the station. 火 车进站时旅客们站起来伸了伸懒腰. (b) (of a motor vehicle) move in towards sth （指机动车辆）驶 近某处: The bus pulled in to the side of the road. 那辆公共汽车驶近路边. pull off (sth) ( of a motor vehicle) leave (the road) (and park in a lay-by, etc) （指机动车辆）驶离 （道路）（至路侧停车处停下）. pull sth off (infml 口) succeed in sth 做成某事: pull off a coup, deal, scoop, etc 做好一件漂亮事、做成一笔生意、抢先获得独家新闻. pull out ( of a motor vehicle, boat, etc) move out or sideways （指机动车辆、船只等）驶出, 划 出或打斜: The boat pulled out into the middle of the river. 那只船划出到了河中央. * A car suddenly pulled out in front of me. 一辆汽车突然横冲到我面前. pull sth out remove (sth) by pulling; detach 拉掉, 拔掉（某物）; 使分离: He pulled out a gun. 他掏出一枝枪. pull out (of sth) (of a train) leave (a station) （指火车）驶离（车站）: I arrived as the last train was pulling out. 我到达时, 末班列车 刚刚开出. pull (sb/sth) out (of sth) (cause sb/sth to) withdraw from sth （使某人[某事物]）从某事物 中退出: They are pulling their troops out of the battle zone. 他们正把部队调离战区. * The project became so expensive that we had to pull out. 这个计画耗资太大, 我们只好退出. pull (sth) over ( cause a vehicle, boat, etc to) move or steer to one side (eg in order to let another boat or vehicle pass) （使车船等）闪到一边（如以便让其他车船通过）: Pull (your car) over and let me pass! 把你的车闪开, 让我过去! pull (sb) round/through ( infml 口) (help sb to) recover consciousness or from an illness （帮助某 人）恢复知觉或康复: She was so ill that it seemed unlikely that she would pull through. 她病得很厉 害, 看来不大可能康复了. * A sip of brandy helped to pull him round. 给他喝一口白兰地酒有助于 使他苏醒. pull together act, work, etc with combined effort in a well-organized way 同心协力; 通力合作: After the shock of their electoral defeat, the party really began to pull together. 该党在受到选举失败的打击之后, 才真 正地团结起来. pull oneself together get control of oneself, one's feelings etc 控制自己、控制感情 等: You must try to pull yourself together your family depend on you. 你应该振作起来--你的家庭 都指著你呢. pull (sth) up ( cause a vehicle to) come to a halt （使车辆）停下: The driver pulled up at the traffic lights. 司机在红绿灯前把车停住. pull sb up (infml 口) correct or reprimand sb 纠正某人; 训斥某 人: He was pulled up by the chairman. 他挨了主席一顿训. pull up (to/with sb/sth) improve one's position (in relation to sb/sth) 改善自己（相对于某人[某物]的）地位; 赶上: At first the new boy was at the bottom of the class but he soon pulled up (with the others). 起初那新来的男孩是班上成绩最 差的, 但他很快便追上了（其他同学）. pull-in n. (Brit infml 口) roadside cafe 路边小餐馆. pull-up (Brit) (US `pull-off) n. place where vehicles may leave the road and park 路旁停车处. pull-out n. part of a magazine, etc that can be pulled out and kept separately 杂志等之可拆下单独 保存的部分; 附页; 附件: [attrib 作定语] a `pull-out supplement 可从报刊中抽出的增刊. pull NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Pull, drag, haul, tow, trail and draw all indicate the using of strength or force to move something, especially behind oneself. *pull 、 drag 、 haul 、 tow 、 trail 、 draw 均 指用力移动某物, 尤指物在人后. Pull has the widest use and its meaning covers that of all the other verbs in this group. *pull 用途最广, 兼有这一组中所有其他动词的意义. A vehicle/animal/person can pull any movable object 车辆[动物/人]拉动任何可移动的物体均可使用pull: You sometimes see oxen pulling carts in southern Europe. 在南欧, 有时可看到用牛拉车. Drag and haul suggest that the object is heavy and usually pulled along the ground. *drag 和haul 指所拉者为重物, 通常为在地 面上移动. It is therefore difficult to move and requires (great) effort. 因较困难, 故需用（极大之） 力. Drag suggests greater friction *drag 暗指具较大摩擦力: He dragged the heavy chest across the floor. 他在地板上拉著沉重的箱子. * The police dragged the football fans off the pitch. 警察把足 球迷拖出了球场. Haul often indicates the pulling or raising of a heavy object, especially by pulling on a rope *haul 常表示拖拉或提升重物, 尤指使用绳索: After a good day's fishing they hauled in the nets and went home. 他们捕了一天的鱼, 收起鱼网满载而归. * Elephants are used in some countries for hauling timber. 有的国家用大象来拖运木材. Haul also has the specific meaning of `transport goods by lorry/truck' *haul 还另有一种含义, 指用卡车运送货物: road haulage 公路运输. Tow suggests less effort and is used mainly of vehicles. *tow 含不甚费力之意, 主要指车辆. The object being pulled is often damaged and firmly attached to the vehicle by a rope or chain 用此字指 所牵引之物常为坏的, 以绳索或链条与车辆固著在一起: My car broke down and had to be towed to a garage. 我的汽车出故障了, 得拉到修理厂去. * The ship needed two tugs to tow it into port. 这艘船需用两艘拖船把它拖进港. People trail objects behind them, carelessly or for no particular reason. 漫不经心地或无所谓地把物体拖在后面用trail. *They may also trail their arms or hands in the water when travelling in a boat 船在航行时把胳膊或手伸进水中, 亦可用trail: The little boy went upstairs trailing his teddy bear behind him. 那小男孩儿走上楼去, 还拖著他的玩具熊. * She lay back in the boat trailing her fingers in the water. 她仰靠在船上, 把手指伸进水里. Draw is more formal than pull *draw 比pull 较文些: Draw/Pull your chair a little closer. 把你的椅子拉近一点. * The men drew/pulled the boat onto the beach. 那些人把船拖上了海滩. Draw is commonly used to mean `open/close curtains/blinds'. *draw 常用以指｀拉开[拉上]帘子[窗帘]＇. It is also used in adjectival compounds 这一词还可用以构成复合形容词: a horse-drawn carriage 马拉的车子. pullet / 5pUlIt; `pJlIt/ n young domestic hen, esp at the time she begins to lay eggs 小母鸡（尤指开始 生蛋的）. pulley / 5pUlI; `pJlI/ n 1 (apparatus consisting of a) wheel or wheels with grooves for ropes or chains, used for lifting things 滑轮（组）; 滑车. 2 wheel or drum fixed on a shaft and turned by a belt, used esp to increase speed or power 皮带轮. pulley-block wooden block in which a pulley(1) is fixed 装有滑轮的木架. Pullman / 5pUlmEn; `pJlmEn/ (also `Pullman car, US `parlor car) n (esp formerly) luxurious type of railway carriage without compartments, and with seats grouped at tables （尤指旧时）豪华型列车车 厢（无隔间, 设有桌椅）. pullover / 5pUlEUvE(r); `pJl9ovL/ n = jersey 1. pulmonary / 5pQlmEnErI; ?@ -nerI; `pQlmE9nZrI/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (medical 医) of, in or affecting the lungs 肺的; 肺部的; 侵袭肺部的: pulmonary diseases 肺部疾病* the pulmonary arteries, ie those that carry blood to the lungs 肺动脉. pulp / pQlp; pQlp/ n 1 (a) [U] soft fleshy inner part of fruit; flesh 水果的肉质部分; 果肉: Scoop out the pulp and serve it with sugar. 把果肉挖出来和糖一起食用. * tomato pulp 西红柿瓤. (b) [U] soft mass of wood fibre, used for making paper 纸浆: `wood pulp 木浆. (c) [U, sing] substance with a soft texture similar to these 柔软似果肉或浆状之物质: reduce the garlic to a pulp, ie beat or crush it until it becomes pulp 把蒜捣成蒜泥* The beans need to be mashed into (a) pulp. 豆子需压成豆 沙. * (fig 比喻) The gang threatened to beat him to a pulp (ie injure him badly) if he gave any more trouble. 匪徒威胁他说再不服就把他打个稀巴烂. 2 [U] (derog 贬) books, magazines that are of poor quality, esp popular sensational literature 低级书刊; （尤指）有刺激性的通俗读物: She writes pulp. 她写低级趣味的书. * [attrib 作定语] pulp fiction, magazines 庸俗的小说、杂志. pulp v. [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become pulp （使某物）成为浆状: pulp grapes, olives, raspberries, etc 把葡萄、橄榄、悬钩子...弄烂* pulp (ie make pulp from) old books 把旧书制成纸浆. pulpy adj. (-ier, -iest) like or containing a lot of pulp(1c) 像果肉或浆的; 多果肉的; 多汁的: a pulpy consistency 浆的黏稠度* pulpy food 糊状食品. pulpit / 5pUlpIt; `pJlpIt/ n 1 [C] (usu small) raised and enclosed platform in a church, where a clergyman stands when he is preaching （教堂中的）讲坛（通常指小型的）. =>illus at App 1 见附 录1 插图, page viii. 2 the pulpit [sing] (fml 文) (religious teaching of) the clergy 神职人员（的讲 道）: The policy was condemned (ie by clergymen) from the pulpit. 该项政策受到神职人员的谴责. pulsar / 5pQlsB:(r); `pQlsBr/ n star that cannot be seen but can be detected by pulsating radio signals 脉冲星; （快速）脉冲射电源. pulsate / pQl5seIt; ?@ 5pQlseIt; `pQlset/ v 1 (also pulse) [I] expand and contract rhythmically; throb 有节奏地舒张及收缩; 跳动; 搏动; 脉动: blood pulsating in the body 体内血脉搏动. 2 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) shake with regular movements or sounds; vibrate （使某物）有规律地振动; 颤动: a pulsating rhythm 均匀的节奏* The needle pulsates when the engine is running. 发动机开动时指 针就颤动. 3 [Ipr] ~ with sth be moved by (strong emotion); be thrilled 受（激情）震动, 感动; 激 动: pulsate with desire, excitement, joy, etc 因满怀欲望、激情、喜悦等而激动. pulsation / pQl5seIFn; pQl`seFEn/ n (a) [C] single beat or throb; heartbeat 一次跳动或搏动; 心跳: a rate of 60 pulsations per minute 每分钟60 次的脉率. (b) [U] pulsating; throbbing 有节奏的舒张 及收缩; 跳动; 搏动; 脉动; 振动; 颤动: the pulsation of the blood in the body 血液在体内的涌动. pulse / pQls; pQls/ n 1 (usu sing 通常作单数) (a) regular beating of the arteries as blood is pumped through them by the heart, esp as felt at the wrist 脉搏: have a low, irregular, strong, weak, etc pulse 脉搏很慢、不规则、很强、很弱等* His pulse raced as he faced the armed intruder. 他面对携 带武器的闯入者, 顿时血脉偾张. * [attrib 作定语] one's `pulse rate, ie the number of times per minute that one's heart beats, as felt at the wrist 脉率（按脉所得每分钟的心跳数）. (b) regular beat in music （音乐的）节拍: the throbbing pulse of the drums 鼓的打击节拍. 2 (a) single vibration of sound, light, electric current, etc （声波、光波、电流等的）一次脉动: The machine emits sound pulses. 这台机器可发出声脉冲信号. (b) (usu sing 通常作单数) series of these 连续的脉动; 脉冲 波: The machine is operated by an electronic pulse. 这台机器由电子脉冲信号操纵. 3 (idm 习语) feel/take sb's `pulse find out the speed of the heartbeat by feeling the pulse in the wrist and countingthe number of beats per minute 诊脉; 按脉; 把脉. have/keep one's finger on the pulse => finger. pulse v. (a) [I, Ipr] ~ (through sth) move with strong regular movements; beat or throb 强烈而有规 律地跳动; 搏动; 振动: The news sent the blood pulsing through his veins. 这消息使他的血液都沸 腾起来了. * (fig 比喻) the life pulsing through a great city 大都市里紧张繁忙的生活. (b) [I] = pulsate 1. pulse / pQls; pQls/ n (usu pl 通常作复数) seed(s) of various plants (eg beans, lentils, peas), that grow in pods and are dried and used as food 豆类植物的种子; （用作食物的）豆子（如蚕豆、扁豆、豌 豆）: Pulses are a good source of protein for vegetarians. 对于素食者来说, 豆类食物是蛋白质的理 想来源. pulverize, pulverise / 5pQlvEraIz; `pQlvE9raIz/ v 1 (fml 文) (a) [Tn] grind or smash (sth) to powder or dust 将（某物）磨成粉或捣成末; 粉碎, 摧毁（某物）: a machine that pulverizes nuts, coffee beans, etc 研磨果仁、咖啡豆等的机器. (b) [I] become powder or dust 成为粉状; 成末. 2 [Tn] (infml or joc 口或谑) destroy or defeat (sb/sth) completely 彻底粉碎或摧毁（某人[某事物]）: He pulverized the opposition with the force of his oratory. 他能言善辩把对方驳得体无完肤. pulverization, pulverisation / 9pQlvEraI5zeIFn; ?@ -rI5z-; 9pQlvErE`zeFEn/ n [U]. puma / 5pju:mE; `pjumE/ n (also cougar, ,mountain `lion) large brown American animal of the cat family 美洲狮. pumice / 5pQmIs; `pQmIs/ (also `pumice-stone) n [C, U](piece of) light porous lava used for removing stains or rough patches of skin and (in powder form) for cleaning and polishing 浮岩, 浮石, 轻石（轻而多孔, 可用以去除皮肤污垢或使皮肤光滑, 其粉剂可作清洁剂或抛光剂）. pummel (also pommel) / 5pQml; `pQml/ v (-ll-; US also -l-) [Tn] strike (sb/sth) repeatedly, esp with the fist(s); beat 连击（某人[某物]）（尤指用拳）; 打: The child pummelled his mother angrily as she carried him home. 那孩子因其母带他回家而生气地捶打著母亲. pummelling / 5pQmElIN; `pQmElIN/ n [sing] severe beating 沉重的打击: The boxers gave each other a terrific pummelling. 那两名拳击手彼此都以重拳出击. * (fig 比喻) The team took a real pummelling in their last match. 这个队在最后的比赛中受到了沉重的打击. pump / pQmp; pQmp/ n 1 (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) machine or device for forcing liquid, gas or air into, out of or through sth, eg water from a well, petrol from a storage tank, air into a tyre or oil through a pipe-line 泵; 唧筒; 抽水机; 抽气机; 打气筒: A pump in the boiler sends hot water round the central heating system. 热水器中的水泵将热水输送给集中供热设备. * a petrol pump 汽油泵* She blew up the flat tyre with a bicycle pump. 她用自行车打气筒给瘪了的轮胎打 气. * The doctor removed the contents of her stomach with a stomach pump. 医生用胃唧筒给她洗胃. =>illus at App 1 见附录1 插图, page xiii. 2 pumping (pump1 v 1) action 泵的抽吸、压送、充 气等动作: After several pumps, the water began to flow. 用泵抽了几下之后, 水流出来了. * give sb's hand a pump, ie shake it energetically up and down 握住某人的手用力上下摇动. 3 (idm 习语) all hands to the pump => hand1. parish pump => parish. prime the pump => prime3. pump v. 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.a] cause (air, gas, water, etc) to move in a specified direction by using a pump1(1) 用泵等抽出或压入气体、液体等: pump air into a tyre 给轮胎打气* The heart pumps blood round the body. 心脏将血液压送到全身. 2 [I] (a) use a pump1(1) 使用泵等: You will need to pump hard for several minutes to fill the tank. 你需用泵著实抽吸几分钟, 才能把油箱灌满. (b) (of the heart or blood) beat （指心脏）跳动; （指血液）脉动: Her heart was pumping very fast. 她 的心脏跳得很快. 3 [Tn, Tn.p] (infml 口) move (sb's hand) up and down like the handle of a pump 握住（某人的手）上下摇动（如唧筒的手柄）: He pumped my hand (up and down) vigorously. 他 握住我的手用力地（上下）摇晃. 4 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (for sth); ~ sth out of sb (infml 口) try to obtain (information) from sb by asking persistent questions 追问某人以探知（信息）: He tried to pump the secretary for information. 他极力向秘书打探消息. * She succeeded in pumping the name of the winner out of him. 她从他的口中打听到了获胜者的名字. 5 (phr v) pump sth in; pump sth into sth/sb (a) invest much money (in sth) 将大量资金投入（某事物）: The firm pumped money into the development of the new product. 这家企业投入大量资金以开发这种新产品. (b) (infml 口) persuade or force sb to learn sth 劝说或驱使某人学习某事物: She tried to pump some facts into his head before the examination. 在考试前她极力向他灌输一些知识. pump sth up inflate (a tyre, etc) by pumping (pump1 v 1) air into it 给（轮胎等）充气. pump-room n. (esp formerly) room (at a spa) where mineral water is available for drinking （尤指旧 时）（矿泉疗养地的）矿泉水饮用室. pump / pQmp; pQmp/ n 1 = plimsoll. 2 light soft shoe worn for dancing, etc （跳舞等穿的）轻而 软的鞋. 3 (esp US) woman's low-heeled shoe without a fastening 无带的矮跟女鞋. pumpernickel / 5pQmpEnIkl; `pQmpL9nIkl/ n [U] type of (esp German) wholemeal rye bread （尤指 德国的）全麦的黑麦面包. pumpkin / 5pQmpkIn; `pQmpkIn/ n (a) [C] (plant that bears a) large round orange-coloured fruit with many seeds 南瓜; 倭瓜: Some children make lanterns out of pumpkins at Hallowe'en. 有些儿童在 万圣节前夕用南瓜做灯笼. (b) [U] flesh of this fruit, used as a vegetable and (esp in the US) as a filling for pies 南瓜的果肉, 南瓜瓤（用作蔬菜, 亦作饼馅, 尤其在美国）: [attrib 作定语] pumpkin pie 南瓜馅饼. pun / pQn; pQn/ n ~ (on sth) humorous use of a word that has two meanings or of different words that sound the same, eg `She told the child to try not to be so trying'; play on words 双关（语）（利用词的 一词多义现象或同音异义现象产生出的词的诙谐用法）: The slogan was a pun on the name of the product. 那广告用语与其产品名称一语双关. pun v. (-nn-) [I, Ipr] ~ (on sth) make a pun or puns (on a word) 使用双关语: He's always punning and I don't find it funny. 他老是使用双关语, 我觉得很没意思. Punch / pQntF; pQntF/ n 1 [sing] (name of a) grotesque humpbacked figure in a traditional puppet show called Punch and Judy 庞奇（传统木偶戏《庞奇和朱迪》中的驼背丑角）. 2 (idm 习语) as pleased as Punch => pleased (please). punch / pQntF; pQntF/ n 1 (a) tool or machine for cutting holes in leather, metal, paper, etc 打孔器; 穿孔机; 冲床. (b) tool for forcing nails beneath a surface or bolts out of holes 压钉器. 2 tool for stamping designs on surfaces 压印器; 冲头; 戳子. punch v. 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (in sth) make (a hole) in sth with a punch1(1a); perforate sth 打（孔）; 给某物穿孔: punch a train ticket 在火车票上打孔* punch holes in a sheet of metal 在金属板上冲 孔. 2 (phr v)punch (sb) in/out (US) = clock (sb) in/out (clock2).`punch card (also `punched card) card on which information is recorded by punching holes in it, used for giving instructions or data to a computer, etc 穿孔卡片（以穿孔方法记录信息, 用以向计算机等输入指令或数据）. punch / pQntF; pQntF/ n [U] drink made of wine or spirits mixed with hot or cold water, sugar, lemons, spice, etc 伴汁酒（以酒、热水或冷水、糖、柠檬、香料等混合而成的饮料）. punch-bowl n. bowl in which punch is mixed or from which it is served 伴汁酒: a glass punch-bowl 玻璃的伴汁酒. punch / pQntF; pQntF/ v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] strike (sb/sth) hard with the fist 用拳猛击（某人[某物]）: punch a man on the chin 挥拳猛击一男子的下巴* He has a face I'd like to punch. 他那张脸我真 想打它一拳. 2 [Tn] (US) herd (cattle) 放牧（牛）. punch n. 1 (a) [C] blow given with the fist （用拳的）一击; 一拳: give sb a hard punch on the nose 向某人的鼻子猛击一拳. (b) [sing] ability to give such a blow effectively 拳击的能力: a boxer with a strong punch 出拳很重的拳击手. 2 [U] (fig 比喻) effective force or vigour 力量; 活力: a speech with plenty of punch 很有力量的演说. 3 (idm 习语) pack a punch => pack2. pull one's punches => pull2. punchy adj. (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) having punch3(n 2); forceful 有力的: a punchy argument, debate, etc 有力的论据、辩论等. punch-ball n. (US punching ball) inflated or stuffed leather ball held on a stand or hung from above and punched for exercise or training, esp by boxers （练习拳击用的）梨球, 吊球. punch-drunk adj. (a) (in boxing) dazed or stupefied by being severely punched （拳击中）因受重击 而昏眩的, 被打得晕头转向的. (b) (fig 比喻) dazed or confused, eg after working intensely 头昏眼 花的（如劳累之后）:The negotiators seemed punch-drunk after another all-nightsession. 谈判者又 经过一次通宵会谈, 似乎都已头晕眼花. punch-line n. words that form the climax of a joke or story 笑话或故事中形成高潮的语句; 画龙 点睛的妙语: He forgot the punch-line of his after-dinner speech. 他在宴会之后的讲话中把那句最 绝妙的话给忘了. punch-up n. (Brit infml 口) fight with the fists; brawl 用拳头打斗; 打架: The argument ended in a punch-up. 争论到最后双方大打出手. punctilio / pQNk5tIlIEU; pQNk`tIlI9o/ n (pl ~s) [C, U] (fml 文) (instance of) giving careful attention to every small point of ceremony, good conduct, honour, etc （对礼仪、操守、荣誉等的）谨慎, 一 丝不苟, 拘泥, 拘谨, 拘礼. punctilious / pQNk5tIlIEs; pQNk`tIlIEs/ adj (fml 文) very careful to carry out one's duties, etc correctly; very attentive to details of behaviour or ceremony （在履行职责等上）一丝不苟的; （在 行为或礼节上）谨慎的: a punctilious attention to detail 对细节一丝不苟* a punctilious observance of the formalities 礼节上的拘谨. punctiliously adv. punctiliousness n. [U]. punctual / 5pQNktFUEl; `pQNktFJEl/ adj happening or doing sth at the agreed or proper time 按时的; 准时的; 守时的: a punctual start to the meeting 会议准时开始* be punctual for an appointment 准 时赴约* The tenants are punctual in paying the rent. 房客都能按时缴纳房租. punctuality / 9pQNktFU5lEtI; 9pQNktFJ`AlEtI/ n [U] being punctual 及时; 准时; 守时. punctually / 5pQNktFUElI; `pQNktfJElI/ adv: arrive, depart,etc punctually 准时到达、离去等. punctuate / 5pQNktFUeIt; `pQNktFJ9et/ v 1 [I, Tn] put full stops, commas, colons, question marks, etc into (a piece of writing) （在文字中）加标点符号, 加标点: The children have not yet learned to punctuate correctly. 这些小学生尚未学会正确使用标点符号. * The transcription of his speech must be punctuated. 他的讲话文本得加上标点符号. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) interrupt sth (by/with sth) at intervals 不时打断某事物: The announcement was punctuated by cheers from the crowd. 在宣 布过程中, 群众的欢呼声此起彼伏. * He punctuatedhis remarks with thumps on the table. 他讲话 时不时地捶著桌子. punctuation / 9pQNktFU5eIFn; 9pQNktFJ`eFEn/ n [U] (art, practice or system of) punctuating 标点 符号的使用; 标点符号用法: The children have never been taught punctuation. 这些孩子从未学过 使用标点符号. punctuation mark any of the marks (eg full stop, comma, question mark, etc) used in a written or printed text to separate sentences, etc and to make the meaning clear 标点符号. =>App 3 见附录3. puncture / 5pQNktFE(r); `pQNktFL/ n small hole made by a sharp point, esp one made accidentally in a tyre （尖物刺成的）小孔; （尤指）轮胎穿孔: I got a puncture on the way and arrived late. 我在 路上扎破了轮胎, 所以迟到了. puncture v. 1 (a) [Tn] make a puncture in (sth) 在（某物）上穿孔; 刺穿（某物）: puncture a tyre, an abscess, a balloon 刺破轮胎、脓肿、气球* She was taken to hospital with a punctured lung. 她 因肺部被刺破而送进了医院. (b) [I] (of a tyre, etc) get a puncture （指轮胎等）被刺穿: Two of the tyres punctured on the stony road. 有两个车胎在碎石路上扎破了. 2 [Tn] reduce (sb's pride, confidence, etc); deflate 削弱（某人的傲气、信心等）; 泄某人的气: I wish something would happen to puncture her ego, ie lessen her conceit. 她自以为是, 我希望让她碰个钉子. pundit / 5pQndIt; `pQndIt/ n 1 very learned Hindu 博学的印度人. 2 (often joc 常作戏谑语) person who is an authority on a subject; expert 某一学科的权威; 专家: The pundits disagree on the best way of dealing with the problem. 如何妥善处理这一问题, 专家众说纷纭. * a panel of well-known television pundits 由著名电视专家组成的专家小组. pungent / 5pQndVEnt; `pQndVEnt/ n 1 having a sharp or strong taste or smell （味道或气味）有刺 激味的, 辛辣的, 刺鼻的: a pungent odour, sauce, spice, etc 刺鼻的气味、辛辣的沙司、有刺激 味的香料. 2 (of remarks) sharply critical; biting or caustic （指言语）尖刻的, 刺人的, 刻薄的: pungent comments, criticism, satire, etc 尖刻的评语、批评、讽刺等. pungency / -nsI; -nsI/ n [U] quality or state of being pungent 刺激味; 辛辣; 尖刻. pungently adv. punish / 5pQnIF; `pQnIF/ v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] (a) ~ sb (for sth) (by/with sth) hurt, imprison, fine, etc sb for wrongdoing 罚、处罚或惩罚某人: punish those who break the law 惩罚违法者* He punished the children for their carelessness by making them pay for the damage. 他让孩子赔偿损失, 惩罚他 们粗心大意. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (by/with sth) hurt, imprison, fine, etc sb for (wrongdoing) 以（过 错）为由处罚某人: Serious crime must be punished by longer terms of imprisonment. 重罪须处以长 期监禁. 2 [Tn] (infml 口) treat (sb) roughly, esp by giving hard blows 粗暴地对待（某人）; （尤 指）痛打: He punished his opponent with fierce punches to the body. 他猛击对手的身体. * Chapman punished the bowling, ie (in cricket) scored freely from weak bowling. 查普曼把投球手给治了（板 球比赛中轻易得分, 因对方投球手技术差）. punishable adj. ~ (by sth) that can be punished (esp by law) 可处罚的; 该处罚的; （尤指）该法办 的:punishable by death 该处以死罪* Giving false informationis a punishable offence. 谎报资料可 以论罪. punishing adj. [usu attrib 通常作定语] that makes one very tired or weak; severe 十分吃力的; 使 人筋疲力尽的; 严厉的: a punishing climb up the hill 十分吃力的登山活动* a punishing defeat 惨重的失败. n [sing] (infml 口) severe defeat or damage 极大的失败或损坏: My boots have taken quite a punishing recently I need a new pair. 我的靴子近来已经破得不得了了--我需要一双 新的. punishingly adv. punishment n. (a) [U] punishing or being punished 处罚; 受罚: corporal punishment, ie punishment by physicalbeating, etc 体罚* capital punishment, ie punishment by death 极刑（死刑）. (b) [C] penalty inflicted on sb who has done sth wrong 罚; 处罚; 惩罚: The punishments inflicted on the children were too severe. 对这些孩子的处罚过于严厉. * The punishment should fit (ie be appropriatefor) the crime. 罪与罚应相当. punitive / 5pju:nEtIv; `pjunEtIv/ adj (fml 文) (a) intended as punishment 处罚的; 惩罚性的: punitive action,measures, restrictions, etc 惩罚性的行动、措施、限定等* a punitive expedition, ie a military one intended to punish rebels, etc 讨伐. (b) causing hardship; severe 令人受苦的; 严厉的: punitive taxation 重税* punitive increases in the cost of living 生活费用之急剧增加. punitively adv. punk / pQNk; pQNk/ n 1 (a) (also punk `rock) [U] type of loud violent rock3 music popular since the late 1970'sand associated with protest against conventional attitudes 蓬克（一种摇滚乐, 自70 年代末 期起流行, 是对传统的反叛）: [attrib 作定语] a punk band, concert, fan 蓬克摇滚乐队、摇滚音 乐会、摇滚乐迷. (b) [C] (also punk `rocker) (esp young) person who likes punk music andimitates the appearance of punk musicians, eg by wearingmetal chains, clothes with holes in and brightly coloured hair 蓬克摇滚乐迷（喜爱蓬克摇滚乐、模仿蓬克摇滚乐师打扮者, 尤指青年, 如佩带 金属链、穿破烂衣服、将头发染成鲜艳的颜色等）: [attrib 作定语] a punk hairstyle 蓬克发式. 2 (infml derog 口, 贬) (a) [C] (esp US) badly-behaved young man or boy; lout 行为不端的男性青少 年; 小流氓. (b) [U] worthless stuff; rubbish 无用的东西; 废物: [attrib 作定语] punk material 废 料. punnet / 5pQnIt; `pQnIt/ n (esp Brit) small basket made of very thin wood, plastic, etc and used as a container for fruit （用细木条、塑料等制的很小的）水果篮子: Strawberries cost 60p a punnet. 草 莓 60 便士一小篮. punster / 5pQnstE(r); `pQnstL/ n person who habitually makes puns 爱用双关语的人. punt / pQnt; pQnt/ n long shallow flat-bottomed boat with square ends that is moved by pushing the end of a long pole against the bottom of a river （用篙撑的）长而浅的方头平底船. punt v. (a) [I, Ipr, Ip] move a punt with a pole (in the specified direction) 用篙撑方头平底船: She soon learned to punt. 她很快就学会了撑方头平底船. * They punted along the river. 他们撑著方头 平底船沿河航行. (b) [I] (often 常作go punting) go along a river in a punt, esp for pleasure 乘方头 平底船沿河航行（尤指游览）. punt / pQnt; pQnt/ v [Tn] kick (a football) after it has dropped from the hands and before it touches the ground 踢（从手中落下而未著地之足球）; 踢（悬空球）. punt n. kick made in this way 踢悬空球. punt / pQnt; pQnt/ v [I] 1 (in some card-games) lay a stake against the bank （在某些牌戏中）对庄 家下赌注. 2 (infml 口esp Brit) speculate in shares, bet money on a horse, etc; gamble 进行股票 投机、对赛马下赌注等; 赌博. punter n. (Brit) (a) person who punts (punt 3 1, 2) 对庄家或赛马下赌注的人; 搞股票投机的人. (b) (infml derog 口, 贬) foolish or unthinking person who can be persuaded to buy goods or services of poor quality 冤大头: You can write what you like, as long as it keeps the punters happy. 你可以想 怎麽写就怎麽写, 只要能让那些花冤枉钱的人高兴就行. * Your average punter (ie The ordinary uncultured person) does not go to the opera. 一般没什麽文化的人是不会去看歌剧的. puny / 5pju:nI; `pjunI/ adj (-ier, -iest) (usu derog 通常作贬义) (a) small, weak and underdeveloped 弱小的; 发育不良的; 未充分发展的: puny limbs, muscles, stature 细弱的肢体、不发达的肌肉、 瘦小的身材* What a puny little creature! 多麽瘦小哇! (b) feeble or pathetic 虚弱的; 可怜的: They laughed at my puny efforts at rock-climbing. 他们取笑我在攀岩活动中的那种可怜劲儿. pup / pQp; pQp/ n 1 (a) = puppy 1. (b) young of various other animals, eg otters, seals 幼小动物（如 小水獭、小海豹）: a mother seal and her pup 一只母海豹和一只小海豹. 2 = puppy 2. 3 (idm 习语) in pup (of a bitch) pregnant （指母狗）怀胎的. sell sb a pup => sell. pup v. (-pp-) [I] give birth to a pup or pups 生小狗等小动物. pupa / 5pju:pE; `pjupE/ n (pl ~s or pupae / 5pju:pi:;`pjupi/) insect in the stage of development between a larva and an adult insect 蛹. =>illus at butterfly 见butterfly 插图. Cf 参看 chrysalis. pupal adj. pupate / pju:5peIt; ?@ 5pju:peIt; `pju9pet/ v [I] (fml 文) (of an insect larva) develop into a pupa （指昆虫的幼虫）化蛹. pupil / 5pju:pl; `pjupl/ n (a) person, esp a child, who is taught in school or privately 学生; （尤指）小 学生: There are 30 pupils in the class. 这个班有30 名学生. * She takes private pupils as well as teaching in school. 她除在学校任教外, 也私自教授学生. (b) person who is taught by an expert; follower 弟子; 门生; 追随者: The painting is the work of a pupil of Rembrandt. 这幅画是伦勃朗 的一位弟子的作品. * The tenor was a pupil of Caruso. 这位男高音歌手师承卡鲁索. pupil / 5pju:pl; `pjupl/ n circular opening in the centre of the iris of the eye that regulates the amount of light passing to the retina by becoming larger or smaller 瞳孔. =>illus at eye 见eye 插图. puppet / 5pQpIt; `pQpIt/ n 1 doll or small figure of an animal, etc, either a marionette that can be made to move by pulling wires or strings attached to its jointed limbs, or a glove puppet that fits one's hand so that one can move the head and arms with one's fingers 木偶: [attrib 作定语] a puppet theatre 木偶剧院. =>illus 见插图. 2 (usu derog 通常作贬义) person or group whose actions are controlled by another 傀儡: The union representative was accused of being a puppet of the management. 那名工会代表受到了指责, 说他是资方的傀儡. * [attrib 作定语] a puppet government/state, ie one that is controlled by another power 傀儡政府[不能自主的国家]. puppeteer / 9pQpI5tIE(r); 9pQpI`tIr/ n person who performs with or controls a puppet(1) or puppets 演木偶剧的人; 操纵木偶的人. puppetry / 5pQpItrI; `pQpItrI/ n art of making and handling puppets (puppet 1) 制作木偶或演木偶 剧的技艺. puppet-play (also `puppet-show) n. type of entertainment with puppets 木偶剧. puppy / 5pQpI; `pQpI/ (also pup / pQp; pQp/) n 1 young dog 小狗; 幼犬. 2 (infml derog 口, 贬) conceited or insolent young man 自负或傲慢的年轻人: You insolent young puppy! 你这个目中无 人的小子! puppy-fat n. [U] (infml 口) fatness, esp of a female child or adolescent, which disappears as the child grows up 儿童（尤指女性青少年）的肥胖（长大即消失）: After Jane lost her puppy-fat she became very slim. 简发育期间出现的肥胖消除之后, 显得十分苗条. puppy-love (also `calf-love) n. [U] (infml 口) immature infatuation of an adolescent 未成年男女不 成熟的爱情: He's mad about his biology teacher, but it's only puppy-love. 他迷恋著生物学老师, 但 那只不过是孩子的一片痴情罢了. purchase / 5p\:tFEs; `p[tFEs/ n 1 (fml 文) (a) [U] (action of) buying sth 购买: the date of purchase 购买日期* The receipt is your proof of purchase. 这张发票是你购物的凭据. * They began to regret the purchase of such a large house. 他们开始后悔不该买这麽大的房子. * hire-purchase 分期 付款购买. (b) [C usu pl 通常作复数] thing bought 购买之物: I have some purchases to make in town. 我要去城里买些东西. * It was the most extravagant purchase I have ever made. 这是我买过 的最奢侈的东西. 2 [U, sing] (fml 文) firm hold or grip for pulling or raising sth, preventing it from slipping, etc; leverage （为拉动或升举某物、防止滑落等的）紧握, 紧抓; 杠杆作用: The climbers had difficulty getting a/any purchase on the rock face. 攀登者很难抓住岩石表面的什麽东西. purchase price n. price (to be) paid for sth 买价: The purchase price is less if you pay by cash. 付现 金的话, 价钱便宜些. purchase tax tax charged on several types of goods, at varying rates, collected by the retailer (and since 1973 replaced in Britain by VAT) 购买税（ 1973 年以后在英国由增值税取代）. Cf 参看sales tax (sale). purchase / 5p\:tFEs; `p[tFEs/ v 1 [Tn, Dn.pr] ~ sth (with sth); ~ sth (for sb) (fml 文) buy sth 购买某 物: houses purchased with loans from building societies 由房屋建筑协会贷款购置的房屋 * Employees are encouraged to purchase shares in the firm. 该企业号召职工购买其股票. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) (rhet 修辞) obtain or achieve sth (at a cost or with sacrifice) （以某种代价或 牺牲）换得或实现某事物: a dearly purchased victory, ie one for which many lives were lost 以巨大 的代价换来的胜利（许多人为此牺牲了生命）. purchaser n. (fml 文) person who buys sth 购买人; 买主: The purchaser of the house will pay the deposit next week. 买房者下周付定金. Cf 参看 vendor (vend). purchasing power [U] (a) wealth and the ability to buy goods with it （人的）购买力: Inflation reduces the purchasing power of people living on fixed incomes. 靠固定收入生活的人其购买力因通货膨胀而下降. (b) value (of a unit of money) in terms of what it can buy （货币的）购买力: a decline in the purchasing power of the dollar 美元的贬值. purdah / 5p\:dE; `p[dE/ n [U] (system in Muslim and Hindu societies of) keeping women from public view by means of a veil, curtain, etc 妇女用面纱、帘幕等隔开公众视线的做法; 穆斯林社会和印 度社会的深闺制度: keep sb/be/live in purdah, ie concealed in this way 使某人身处于深闺之中[身 居深闺] * (fig infml 比喻, 口) I've got a lot of urgent work to do at home and will have to go into purdah for a couple of weeks. 我有许多紧要的工作须在家里做, 因此要有几个星期足不出户. pure / pjUE(r); pjJr/ adj (in senses 1b, 1c, 2 and 4 用于下述第1b、 1c、 2、 4 义时比较级作 -r, -st / 5pjUErE(r),5pjUErIst; `pjJrL, `pjJrIst/) 1 (a) not mixed with any other substance 纯的; 纯净的; 纯粹的: pure cotton, gold, silk, wool, etc 纯棉、纯金、纯丝、纯毛* The room was painted pure white. 这房间漆成了纯白色. * (fig 比喻) pure bliss, happiness, etc 极乐、至福. (b) without harmful substances; clean or unadulterated 无有害物质的; 洁净的; 不搀杂的: pure water 洁净的 水* The air is so pure in these mountains. 这些山区里的空气格外清新. (c) [usu attrib 通常作定语] of unmixed origin or race 血统纯的; 纯种的: She has pure gypsy blood in her veins. 她血管里流的 是纯吉普赛人的血液. * He is a pure Red Indian. 他是血统纯正的北美印第安人. 2 without evil or sin, esp sexual sin; virtuous, chaste 无邪的; 清白的; 有操守的;（尤指）贞洁的: (rhet 修辞) pure in body and mind 身心纯洁 * pure thoughts 纯洁的思想* a pure young girl 纯真无邪的年轻姑 娘* keep oneself pure 洁身自好* His motives were pure. 他的动机很单纯. 3 [attrib 作定语] nothing but; mere or sheer 单纯的; 仅仅的; 完全的: They met by pure accident. 他们的相见纯属 偶然. * pure folly, extravagance, nonsense 愚蠢透顶、十足的浪费、一派胡言* do sth out of pure kindness, malice, mischief, etc 完全出于好意、恶意、戏弄人的动机等而做某事* It was pure chance that I was there. 我刚巧在那儿. 4 (of sound) clear and unwavering （指声音）清晰的, 不 发颤的: a pure note, voice, etc 纯音、纯正的嗓音. 5 [attrib 作定语] (fml 文) dealing with or studied for the sake of theory only; without practical application 纯理论的; 非实用的: pure mathematics 理论数学* pureart, ie art created for its own sake, and not for decoration,eg painting, sculpture, etc 纯艺术（为艺术而艺术而不以装饰为目的, 如绘画、雕塑等）. Cf 参看 applied (apply). 6 (idm 习语) (as) pure as the driven snow extremely pure(2) 纯真无邪的; 玉洁冰 清. ,pure and `simple (infml 口) (used after the n referred to 用于所指名词之后) and nothing else; sheer 纯粹的; 十足的: It's laziness, pure and simple. 这纯粹是懒惰. * The reason for the change is lack of money, pure and simple. 进行更改的原因就是缺少经费. purely adv merely or entirely 纯粹地; 仅仅; 完全地: purely by accident 纯属偶然* He bought it purely as an investment. 他纯粹是作为投资而购买的. pureness n. [U] = purity. pure-bred adj, n = thoroughbred. puree / 5pjUEreI; ?@ pjUE5reI; pjJ`re/ n [U, C] (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) thick liquid made by pressing fruit or cooked vegetables through a sieve; pulp （水果或熟的蔬菜经挤压、 过滤后的）泥, 酱: Make a puree of the vegetables. 做蔬菜泥吧. * apple, potato, raspberry, etc puree 苹果、土豆、悬钩子...泥. puree v. [Tn] make (fruit or vegetables) into a puree 将（水果或蔬菜）做成泥: She fed the baby on pureed carrots. 她用胡萝卜泥喂养那婴儿. * a machine for pureeing vegetables 制作蔬菜泥的机器. purgation / p\:5geIFn; p[`-eFEn/ n [U] (fml 文) purging or purification 净化; 洗涤. purgative / 5p\:gEtIv; `p[-EtIv/ n, adj (substance, esp a medicine) that causes the bowels to empty; strong(ly) laxative 通便的; 催泻的; 泻药: This oil acts as a purgative/has a purgative effect. 这种油 有催泻作用. * He was given a purgative before the operation. 他在手术前用了通便药. purgatory / 5p\:gEtrI; ?@ -tR:rI; `p[-E9tRrI/ n [U] 1 (usu 通常作Purgatory) (in Roman Catholic teaching) place or condition in which the souls of the dead are purified by suffering in preparation for Heaven （天主教教义中的）炼狱: a prayer for the souls in Purgatory 为炼狱中的灵魂作的祈祷. 2 (esp infml or joc 尤作口语或戏谑语) any place or condition of suffering 任何受难的处所或情况: He's so impatient that waiting in a queue is sheer purgatory for him! 他毫无耐性, 对他来说排队等候 完全是活受罪! purgatorial / 9p\:gE5tR:rIEl; 9p[-E`tRrIEl/ adj (fml 文) of or like purgatory （似）炼狱的: purgatorial agony, fires 炼狱般的痛苦、大火. purge / p\:dV; p[dV/ v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sb (of/from sth); ~ sth (away) make sb clean or pure by removing (evil, sin, etc) 为某人（免罪、赦罪等）: Catholics go to confession to be purged of sin/purge (away) their sin/purge their souls of sin. 天主教徒透过告解以获得赦罪[净化灵魂]. 2 [Tn] (dated or joc 旧或谑) empty the bowels (of a person) 给（某人）通便: A dose of this stuff will purge you! 这种药只须一剂就能让你通便! 3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (of sb)/~ sb (from sth) rid (esp a political party) of (people thought to be undesirable); remove (such people) from (a party) 清除（尤指 政党的）（异己分子）; 清洗（党员）: So-called traitors were purged (from their ranks). 所谓的叛 徒均已（从队伍中）清洗出去. * They promised that the party would be purged of racists/that racists would be purged from the party. 他们保证该党一定把种族主义分子清除掉[把种族主义分子从党 内清洗出去]. 4 [Tn] (law 律) atone for (an offence, esp contempt of court) 弥补（罪过, 尤指藐视 法庭罪）: purge one's contempt 于藐视法庭后认错以求得免罪. purge n. 1 action of ridding (a political party, state, etc) of people who are considered undesirable （政党、国家等之）清洗行动; 整肃: a purge of disloyal members 对不忠诚分子的整肃行动 * the political purges that followed the change of government 随政权之改变而来的政治上的清洗. (esp formerly) medicine that empties the bowels; purgative （尤指旧时的）泻药, 泻剂. purify / 5pjUErIfaI; `pjJrE9faI/ v (pt, pp -fied) [Tn, Tn.pr] (a) ~ sth (of sth) make sth pure by removing dirty, harmful or foreign substances 使某物纯净; 净化某物: Water is purified by passing through rock. 水在穿透岩石的过程中获得了净化. * purified salts 精制的盐* The soil has to be purified of all bacteria. 要消灭这土壤的所有细菌使之净化. * an air-purifying plant, eg for providing pure air in a factory 净化空气的设备（如在工厂中用以供给新鲜空气者）. (b) ~ sb (of sth) make sb pure by removing his sins, esp in a religious ceremony 洗刷某人的罪恶; （尤指在宗教仪式上）给某人 涤罪. purification / 9pjUErIfI5keIFn; 9pjJrEfE`keFEn/ n [U] (action of) purifying 净化; 提纯; 涤罪: purification of water 水的净化* the purification of souls 心灵的净化. purist / 5pjUErIst; `pjJrIst/ n person who pays great attention to correctness, esp in the use of language or in the arts 纯粹主义者, 力求纯正的人（尤指在语言的运用或艺术方面）: Purists were shocked by the changes made to the text of the play. 抱有纯粹主义观点的人对该剧语言中的更改感到震惊. purism / 5pjUErIzEm; `pjJrIzEm/ n [U] (fml 文). puritan / 5pjUErItEn; `pjJrEtn/ n 1 Puritan member of the party of English Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries who wanted simpler forms of church ceremony 清教徒（16 世纪和17 世纪英国 基督教新教徒之一派, 主张简化宗教仪式）: [attrib 作定语] the Puritan settlers in New England 移 民到新英格兰的英国清教徒. 2 (usu derog 通常作贬义) person who is extremely strict in morals and who tends to regard pleasure as sinful 道德上极拘谨, 视享乐为罪恶的人; 禁欲者; 苦行者: the puritans who wish to clean up television 希望净化电视内容的道学先生. puritan adj. 1 Puritan of or relating to a Puritan or Puritanism 清教徒的; 清教主义的; 禁欲的; 苦行的.2 = puritanical. puritanical / 9pjUErI5tAnIkl; 9pjJrE`tAnIkl/ adj (derog 贬) very strict and severe in morals 清教徒 式的; 道德上极拘谨的: a puritanical attitude, conscience, upbringing 清教徒式的态度、良心、教 养* pursue vice with puritanicalzeal 道学先生般地疾恶如仇. puritanically / -klI; -klI/ adv: puritanically opposed to pleasure 清教徒式地反对享乐. puritanism / 5pjUErItEnIzEm; `pjJrEtn9IzEm/ n [U] practices and beliefs of a Puritan or a puritan 清教徒的行为和教义; 清教主义. purity / 5pjUErEtI; `pjJrEtI/ (also pureness) n [U] state or quality of being pure 纯净; 纯洁; 纯粹; 纯正; 纯度: test the purity of the water 检测水的纯度* question the purity of their motives 对他们 的动机是否纯洁存有疑问* purity of colour, form, sound, etc 颜色、形式、声音等的纯正. purl / p\:l; p[l/ n [C, U] (also `purl stitch) stitch in knitting that produces ridges on the upper side （编 织的）反针: knitted in purl 用反针编织* Knit two plain, two purl. 两针平织, 两针反织. Cf 参看 plain3. purl v. [I, Tn] knit (sth) in this stitch 用反针编织（某物）: Knit one (ie make one plain stitch), purl one. 平织一针, 反织一针. purlieus / 5p\:lju:z; `p[lIuz/ n [pl] (fml or rhet 文或修辞) outlying parts; outskirts 边缘部分; 外围部 分; 郊区: the purlieus of the capital 首都的郊区. purloin / p\:5lRIn, 5p\:lRIn; p[`lRIn, `p[9lRIn/ v [Tn] (fml or joc 文或谑) steal (sth) 偷窃（某物）: food purloined from her employer's kitchen 从雇主的厨房里偷来的食物. purple / 5p\:pl; `p[pl/ adj 1 having the colour of red and blue mixed together 紫的: a purple flower, dress, sunset 紫色的花朵、连衣裙、晚霞* go purple (in the face) with rage 气得脸色铁青. 2 (fml 文) (of literature) elaborate in style; overwritten （指文章）刻意雕琢的, 词藻华丽的: purple passages/patches/prose 词藻华丽的段落[节段/散文]. purple n. 1 [U] purple colour 紫色: dressed in purple 穿紫色衣服. 2 the purple [sing] the purple robes of a Roman emperor or the crimson robes of a cardinal （古罗马帝国皇帝的）紫袍;（红 衣主教的）大红袍. purplish / 5p\:pElIF; `p[plIF/ adj rather purple in colour 略带紫色的: a purplish complexion 略微 发紫的肤色. purple heart 1 Purple Heart (US) medal awardedto a soldier who has been wounded in battle （授予作战负伤之军 人的）紫心勋章. 2 (infml 口) heart-shaped pill containing amphetamine, used as a stimulant 紫心 片（一种心形的含有苯丙胺的药片, 用作兴奋剂）. purport / 5p\:pEt; `p[pRrt/ n [sing] ~ (of sth) (fml 文) general meaning or intention (of sth) 主要意义; 大意; 意图: The purport of the statement is that the firm is bankrupt. 该项声明大意是该商行已破 产. purport / pE5pR:t; pL`pRrt/ v [Tt] (fml 文) be meant to seem (to be); claim or pretend 意思似乎是; 声称; 伪称: The document purports to be an official statement. 该文件据称是一项正式声明. purpose / 5p\:pEs; `p[pEs/ n 1 [C] thing that one intends to do, get, be, etc; intention 目的; 意图: What is the purpose of the meeting? 这会议的目的是什麽? * What is your purpose in going to Canada? 你到加拿大干什麽去? * Getting rich seems to be her only purpose in life. 她生活的唯一 目的似乎是发财. 2 [U] (fml 文) ability to form plans and carry them out; determination 意志; 毅 力; 决心: Her approach to the job lacks purpose. 她干这项工作缺乏毅力. 3 (idm 习语) for practical purposes => practical. on `purpose not by accident; intentionally 并非偶然地; 故意地: `Did he break it accidentally?' `No, on purpose.' ｀他是无意中损坏的吗?＇｀不, 是故意的.＇ * She seems to do these things on purpose. 她似乎是有意地做这些事. serve one's/the `purpose (fml 文) do what is necessary or required: be satisfactory 适合需要; 适合要求; 令人满意: We have found a meeting-place that will serve our purpose. 我们找到了一个很合适的会址. to little/no/some `purpose (fml 文) with little/no/some result or effect 几乎徒劳地[毫无成效地/有一定效果地]: Money has been invested in the scheme to very little purpose. 资金已投入那计画中却几无成效. purpose v. [Tt, Tg] (dated 旧) intend 有意; 打算: They purpose making/to make a further attempt. 他们有意做进一步的尝试. purposeful / -fl; -fEl/ adj having or showing determinationor will-power; resolute 有决心的; 有毅 力的; 坚定的; 果断的: They dealt with the problem in a purposeful way. 他们处理这问题很果断. purposefully / -fElI; -fElI/ adv: He strode purposefully into the meeting. 他迈著坚定的步伐走进会 场. purposeless adj. without (a) purpose 毫无目的的; 缺乏毅力的; 没有决心的: a purposeless existence 毫无目的的生活. purposelessly adv. purposely adv on purpose; intentionally 故意地; 蓄意地: He was accused of purposely creating difficulties. 有 人指责他故意制造麻烦. purpose-built adj. (esp Brit) made for a particular purpose 特地建造的: a ,purpose-built `factory 特 地兴建的工厂. purr / p\:(r); p[/ v [I, Ipr] (a) (of a cat) make a low continuous vibrating sound （指猫）发低而连续的 呼噜声: purring happily 快活地呼噜作声. (b) (of machinery) make a similar smooth vibrating sound （指机器）发低沉而连续的呼隆声: a car engine purring smoothly 汽车发动机平隐地呼隆作响. purr n. purring sound （猫的）呼噜声; （机器的）呼隆声: the contented purrs of the cat 猫表示 满足的呼噜声. purse / p\:s; p[s/ n 1 [C] small bag for money (formerlyclosed by drawing strings together and now usu with a clasp) 小钱袋, 小钱包（旧时用绳抽拢袋口, 现多用扣合起）: a leather/plastic purse 皮 的[塑料的]钱包* Her purse was stolen from her handbag. 她的钱包放在手提包里被人偷走了. Cf 参看wallet. 2 [sing] money available for spending; funds or resources 备用款; 资金; 财源: the public purse 国库* the privy Purse 国王私用金. 3 [C] sum of money collected and given as a gift or prize （为用作礼物或奖金而筹集的）款项: a purse of 50000, eg for the winner of a boxing match 筹集得50000 英镑的奖金（如为颁赠拳击赛获胜者）. 4 [C] (US) handbag 女用手提包. 5 (idm 习语) hold the `purse-strings have control of spending 控制开支: I can't offer you any more money because I don't hold the purse-strings. 我不能再多给你钱了, 因为我在经济上做不了主. loosen/tighten the `purse-strings increase/reduce expenditure 增加[紧缩]开支. purse / p\:s; p[s/ v [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) draw together or pucker (one's lips) in wrinkles esp as a sign of disapproval or displeasure 缩拢或噘起（嘴唇）（尤指表示反对或不悦）: with pursed lips 噘著嘴 * purse (up) one's lips 噘起嘴来. purser / 5p\:sE(r); `p[sL/ n ship's officer responsible for the accounts, stores, passengers, etc （轮船上 的）事务长. pursuance / pE5sju:Ens; ?@ -5su:-; pL`suEns/ n (idm 习语) in (the) pursuance of sth (fml 文) while performing sth; in the course of sth 在实行某事时; 在某过程中: injuries suffered in the pursuance of one's duties 在执行任务时受的伤. pursue / pE5sju:; ?@ -5su:; pL`su/ v [Tn] (fml 文) 1 follow (sb/sth), esp in order to catch or kill; chase 追赶, 追逐（某人[某物]）;（尤指）追捕, 追杀; 追寻; 追求: pursue a wild animal, one's prey, a thief 追捕野兽、被捕食的动物、窃贼 * The police pursued the stolen vehicle along the motorway. 警察在高速公路上追赶被盗的车辆. 2 (continue to) be occupied or busy with (sth); go on with （继续）从事或忙于（某事物）; 进行: She decided to pursue her studies after obtaining her first degree. 她决定在获得学士学位之后继续深造. * I have decided not to pursue (ie investigate) the matter any further. 我决定不再追查那事. pursuer n. person who pursues (pursue 1) 追赶者; 追捕者; 追击者: He managed to avoid his pursuers. 他设法甩掉了那些追捕者. pursuit / pE5sju:t; ?@ -5su:t; pL`sut/ n (fml 文) 1 [U] ~ of sth action of pursuing (pursue 2) sth 追 求; 寻求; 从事; 进行: The pursuit of profit was the main reason for the changes. 作出这些改变主 要是为了追求利润. * She devoted her life to the pursuit of pleasure. 她一生都在寻求享乐. 2 [C usu pl 通常作复数] thing to which one gives one's time, energy, etc; occupation or activity 花时间、 精力等做的事; 职业: artistic, literary, scientific pursuits 艺术的、文学的、科学的研究 * be engaged in/devote oneself to worthwhile pursuits 从事[献身于]有意义的活动. 3 (idm 习语) in pursuit (of sb/sth) with the aim of catching sb/sth 追捕某人[某物]: thirty grown men in pursuit of a single fox 追猎一只狐狸的三十名成年男子. in pursuit of sth with the aim of obtaining sth 追求某 事物: people travelling about the country in pursuit of work 到全国各地寻找工作的人们. in (hot) pur`suit pursuing (closely and with determination) 穷追不舍: a fox with the hounds in hot pursuit 被 猎犬穷追的狐狸. purulent / 5pjUErElEnt; `pjJrElEnt/ adj (medical 医) of, containing or discharging pus 脓的; 含脓的; 化脓的; 流脓的. purulence / -Ens; -Ens/ n [U]. purvey / pE5veI; pL`ve/ v [Tn, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) (fml 文) provide or supply (esp food, etc) to sb as atrader （商人）向某人提供或供应（尤指食品等）: butcherswho have purveyed meat to the royal household for generations 世世代代向王室供应肉食品的肉商* a bureau that purveys information about the stock market to potential investors 向可能投资的人提供股票市场信息的机构. purveyance / -Ens; -Ens/ n [U]. purveyor n. (fml 文) person or firm that supplies goods or services 供应货物或提供服务的人或公 司: Brown and Son, purveyors of fine wines 布朗父子公司, 美酒供应商. purview / 5p\:vju:; `p[vju/ n [U] (fml 文) range of operation or activity; scope （工作或活动的）范 围: These are questions that lie outside/that do not come within the purview of our inquiry. 这些问题 不在我们的调查范围之内. pus / pQs; pQs/ n [U] thick yellowish matter formed in and coming out from an infected wound 脓: The doctor lanced the boil to let the pus out. 医生把皮下脓肿切开让脓流出. push / pUF; pJF/ n 1 [C] act of pushing; shove 推; 搡: Give the door a hard push. 用力推那门. * He opened the gate with/at one push. 他一下子就把大门推开了. 2 [C] large-scale attack made to break through enemy positions 为突破敌人阵地而发起的大规模攻势: The commander decided to postpone the big push until the spring. 指挥官决定把大规模的进攻推迟到春天进行. 3 [U] (infml 口) determination to succeed; drive 毅力; 推动力: He hasn't enough push to be a successful salesman. 他缺乏优秀推销员应有的闯劲. 4 (idm 习语) at a `push (infml 口esp Brit) if one is forced to do so 不得已时: We can provide accommodation for six people at a push. 如情况需要, 我们可以安排 六个人的住处. give sb/get the `push (esp Brit infml 口) (a) dismiss sb/be dismissed from one's job; give sb/get the sack 解雇某人[被解雇]; 开除某人[被开除]: He got the push when the new manager came. 新经理到任后, 他被解雇了. (b) bring/have brought to an end one's relationship with sb 与某 人断绝关系: He gave his girl-friend the push. 他跟女朋友吹了. if/until/when it comes to the `push if/until/when a special effort is necessary or a special need arises 如[到/在]需作出特别努力或有特 别需要时: If it comes to the push, we shall have to use our savings. 遇有急用时, 我们只好动用积 蓄. push-start v. [Tn] start (a motor vehicle) by pushing it along to make the engine turn 推车起动（机 动车）. n: We'll have to give it a push-start, I'm afraid. 我看我们得用助推的办法起动这辆车了. push / pUF; pJF/ v 1 (a) [I] use force in order to move sth away from oneself 推; 搡: You push from the back and I'll pull at the front. 你在后面推, 我在前面拉. * Push hard and the lever will go down. 用力推就能把控制杆按下去. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.a] use force on (sth) in order to move it away from oneself, forward or to a different position 推动（某物）: You can pull a rope, but you can't push it! 绳 子能拉不能推! * push the pram up the hill 推著婴儿车上山* push the table a bit nearer the wall 把桌子推得离墙近一点* He pushed the door open. 他把门推开了. * (fig 比喻) push a problem to the back of one's mind 把某问题置诸脑后. =>illus at pull 见pull 插图. (c) [Ipr, Ip, Tn.pr, Tn.p] move forward using force 推进; 往前挤: The crowd pushed past (us). 人群从（我们）旁边挤了过 去. * We had to push our way through (the crowd). 我们只好从（人群）中挤了过去. 2 [Ipr, Tn] ~ (on/against) sth exert pressure on sth; press 对某物施加压力; 按: He pushed hard against the door with his shoulder. 他用肩膀用力顶那房门. * Push the doorbell. 按门铃. * You can stop the machine by pushing the red button. 按红色的按钮就能把机器停住. 3 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.t] (infml 口) try to make (sb) do sth (that he does not want to do); drive or urge 逼迫（某人）做某事; 驱策; 敦促: One has to push the child or she will do no work at all. 这孩子要有人督促, 否则她什麽也不干. * She was pushed into going to university by her parents. 她是父母逼著上大学的. * We pushed him hard to take up science. 我们极力让他学习自然科学. (b) [Tn.pr] ~ sb for sth try to obtain sth from sb by putting pressure on him 对某人施加压力以图获得某事物: push sb for payment 催逼某人付款 * We shall have to push them for a quick decision. 我们须敦促他们迅速决断. 4 [Tn] (infml 口) persuade people to buy (goods, etc) or accept (an idea, etc) 劝人购买（物品等）或接受（某意见等）: You will have to push the new product to win sales there's lots of competition. 你要努力打开新产 品的销路--市场上竞争很激烈. * Unless you push your claim, you will not get satisfaction. 不努力 争取就得不到满意的结果. 5 [Tn] (infml 口) sell (illegal drugs) to drug-users 向嗜毒者贩卖（毒 品）: She was arrested for pushing heroin. 她因贩卖海洛英而被捕. =>Usage at sell 用法见sell. 6 (idm 习语) be pushed for sth (infml 口) not have enough of sth 缺少某事物; 某事物不足: be pushed for money, time, etc 缺少金钱、时间等. be pushed to do sth (infml 口) have difficulty doing sth 做某事有困难: We'll be pushed to get there in time. 我们很难及时赶到那儿. push the `boat out (infml 口) celebrate regardless of the expense 不惜费用地庆贺: This is the last party we shall give, so let's really push the boat out. 这是咱们要举行的最后一次聚会了, 所以豁出点钱来热闹一下吧. push one's `luck (infml 口) risk sth in a bold and often foolish way, hoping that one's good fortune will continue 莽撞冒险以期再交好运: You didn't get caught last time, but don't push your luck! 上 次没把你抓住, 可别再碰运气了! push up (the) `daisies (infml joc 口, 谑) be dead and in one's grave 入土: I shall be pushing up daisies by the time the project is finished. 等到这项目完成时, 我 早已入土了. 7 (phr v) push sb about/around (infml 口) order sb to do things in a bullying way; order sb about/around 蛮横地指使某人做某事; 摆布某人. push ahead/forward/on continue on one's way 继续前进: Let's push on it's nearly nightfall. 咱们继续往前走吧--天快黑了. push ahead/forward/on (with sth) continue doing sth, in a determined way 毅然继续做某事: push ahead with one's plans 坚决按自己的计画行事. push along (infml 口) leave 离开: Goodbye I'd better be pushing along now. 再见吧--我现在该走了. push for sth make repeatedand urgent requests for sth; press for sth 一再地或迫切地要求某事物; 催促某事物: They are pushing for electoral reform. 他 们迫切要求改革选举制度. push sth forward force others to consider or notice sth 迫使他人考虑或 注意某事物; 提出某事物: He repeatedly pushed forward his own claim. 他不断地提出自己的要求. push oneself forward ambitiously draw attention to oneself 引人注意自己; 出风头. push off (infml 口) (often as an impolite command 常作不客气的命令语) go away 走开: Push off! We don't want you here. 走开! 我们这儿用不著你. push (sth) off/out push against a bank, etc with an oar or a pole, so that a boat, etc moves away （用桨或篙顶岸等）把船等撑开. push sb/sth over cause sb/sth to fall or overturn 使某人[某事物]倒下或被推翻: Several children were pushed over in the rush to leave. 大家都争先恐后跑著离开时有几个孩子被推倒了. push sth through get sth accepted or completed quickly 使某事物迅速地被通过或完成: push a plan through the committee stage 使一项计画先在 委员会中迅速通过. push sth up cause (esp prices) to rise steadily 使（尤指物价）稳步上升: A shortage of building land will push property values up. 建筑用地缺乏将造成房地产价格逐渐上升. pusher 1 (infml derog 口, 贬) person who tries constantly to gain an advantage for himself 讨便宜的人. 2 (sl 俚) person who sells drugs illegally; drug-pedlar 非法贩卖毒品的人; 毒品贩子. pushing adj. 1 = pushy. 2 [pred 作表语] (infml 口) having nearly reached (a certain age) 接近 （某一年龄）的: pushing forty, fifty, sixty, etc 将近四十岁、五十岁、六十岁等. push-bike n. (infml 口) bicycle that is operated by pressing the pedals and not by a motor 自行车; 脚踏车. push-button adj. [attrib 作定语] operated automaticallyby pressing a button 用按钮操纵的: a radio with push-button tuning 使用按钮调谐的无线电收音机. push-cart n. small cart pushed by hand, eg a barrow for selling fruit, etc 手推车. push-chair ( Brit) (also esp US stroller) n small folding chair on wheels for a baby or small child to be pushed around in （摺叠式）婴儿车. push-over n. (sl 俚) (a) thing that is very easily done, esp a contest that is easily won 极容易做的 事; （尤指）容易获胜的竞赛: Winning that match was a push-over. 那场比赛赢得易如反掌. (b) client, opponent, etc who is easily convinced or won over 容易被劝诱或争取过来的顾客、对手等: Getting money from her is easy she's a push-over. 挣她的钱很容易--她是个好说话的顾客. push-pull adj. (of electrical equipment) containingtwo valves, etc operated alternately by alternating current（指电气设备）推挽式的: a push-pull amplifier 推挽放大器. push-up n. (esp US) = press-up (press2). pushy / 5pUFI; pJFI/ (-ier, -iest) (also pushing) adj (infml derog 口, 贬) trying constantly to draw attention to oneself and gain an advantage; self-assertive 爱出风头的; 爱讨便宜的; 坚持己见的: He made himself unpopular by being so pushy. 他特别喜欢出风头, 所以人缘不好. pushily / -IlI; -IlI/ adv. pushiness n. [U]. pusillanimous / 9pju:sI5lnImEs; 9pjusl`AnEmEs/ adj (fml derog 文, 贬) cowardly; timid 胆小的; 怯 懦的. pusillanimity / 9pju:sIlE5nImEtI; 9pjuslE`nImEtI/ n [U]. pusillanimously adv. puss / pUs; pJs/ n 1 (word used to call a) cat 咪咪, 猫咪（呼唤用语）. 2 (infml 口) playful or coquettish girl 调皮的或卖俏的姑娘: She's a sly puss. 她是个刁滑的姑娘. pussy / 5pUsI; `pJsI/ n 1 (also `pussy-cat) (used by and to young children) cat （小儿语）猫咪. 2 ( sl 讳, 俚) female genitals; vulva 阴门. pussyfoot v. [I, Ip] ~ (about/around) (infml usu derog 口, 通常作贬义) act (too) cautiously or timidly （过于）谨慎或胆小地行事: Stop pussyfooting around and say what you mean. 别那麽缩手 缩脚的, 说说你到底是什麽意思吧. pussy willow willow tree with soft furry catkins 褪色柳. pustule / 5pQstju:l; ?@ -tFu:l; `pQstFul/ n (medical 医) pimple or blister, esp one containing pus 丘 疹; 水泡; （尤指）脓. put / pUt; pJt/ v (-tt-, pt, pp put) 1 (a) [Tn.pr, Tn.p] move (sth/sb), esp away from oneself, so that it/he is in the specified place or position 将（某物[某人]）置于某处所或位置; 放; 放置: She put the book on the table. 她把书放在桌子上了. * `Where did you put the scissors?' `I put them (back) in the drawer.' ｀你把剪刀放在哪儿了?＇｀我把它放（回）到抽屉里了.＇ * Did you put sugar in my tea? 你在我的茶里加糖了吗? * He put his hands in his pockets. 他把双手插在口袋里. * She put her arm round his shoulders. 她的一只手臂搭在他的双肩上. * She put her hand to her mouth. 她用一 只手捂住嘴. * You've put the picture too high up (on the wall). 你把这幅画挂得太高了. * The Americans put a man on the moon in 1969. 美国人于1969 年把人送上了月球. * It's time to put the baby to bed. 该让那婴儿上床睡觉了. * Maradona put the ball in the net, ie scored a goal in a football match. 马拉多纳把球踢进了网内. (b) [Tn.pr] fit or fix (sth) to sth else 使（某物）与他物 配合; 将（某物）固定于他物上: Will you please put (ie sew) a patch on these trousers? 请你在这条 裤子上缝个补丁好吗? * We must put a new lock on the front door. 我们得在前门上安一把新锁. (c) [Tn.pr] thrust (sth) in a specified direction 猛推（某物）; 使（某物）刺向...: She put a knife between his ribs. 她举起一把刀子刺进了他的肋骨间. * He put his fist through a plate-glass door. 他挥拳打 穿了一扇玻璃门. (d) [Tn.pr, Tn.p] write or mark (sth) on sth 在某物上书写或标上（某事物）: put one's signature to a document 在文件上签字* put a cross against sb's name 在某人的名字上打叉 * Put your name here. 把你的名字签在这里. 2 [Tn.pr] cause (sb/sth) to be in the specified state or condition 使（某人[某事物]）处于某状: The incident put her in a bad mood. 这件事使她心情很不 好. * Your decision puts me in an awkward position. 你的决定把我弄得很尴尬. * 　?IThe injury to her back will put her out of action for several weeks. 她背部受了伤, 几个星期都活动不了. * The Russians plan to put a satellite into orbit round Mars. 俄国人计画把一颗人造卫星送入环绕火星的 轨道. 3 [Tn.pr] rate or classify (sb/sth) in the specified way 将（某人[某事物]）看作或列为...: I wouldn't put him among the greatest composers. 我认为他算不上一个最伟大的作曲家. * I put her in the top rank of modern novelists. 我把她看做是当代第一流的小说家. * As a writer I'd put him on a par/level with Joyce. 我认为他这位作家与乔伊斯实乃伯仲之间. 4 [Tn, Tn.pr] (used esp with a following adv or in questions after how 尤与以下副词连用或用于以how 开始的问句中) express or state (sth) 表达或表述（某事物）: She put it very tactfully. 她说得很有技巧. * That's very well put. 那话十分得体. * How shall I put it? 我该怎麽说才好呢? * As T.S. Eliot puts it... 正如T.S. 艾 略特所说... * `The election result was a disaster for the country.' `I wouldn't put it quite like that.' ｀ 这次选举的结果对国家来说是个灾难.＇｀我看未必如?＇ 5 [Tn] throw (esp the shot) with an upward movement of the arm, as an athletic exercise 以手臂向上抛掷（尤指铅球）. Cf 参看 shot-put (shot1). 6 (idm 习语) not put it past sb (to do sth) (infml 口) (used with would 与would 连用) consider sb capable of doing sth malicious, illegal, etc 认为某人有可能做坏事、不合法的事 等: I wouldn't put it past him to steal money from his own grandmother! 我认为他偷他祖母的钱这 事不是不可能的! put it to sb that... suggest to sb that it is true that...; invite sb to agree that... 向某人 表明事实是...; 请某人同意...: I put it to you that you are the only person who had a motive for the crime. 我让你明白你是唯一具有犯罪动机的人. put sb `through it (infml 口) force sb to undergo sth demanding or unpleasant 强使某人承担费力的或讨厌的事: They really put you through it (ie ask you difficult questions, etc) at the interview. 他们在面试时提的问题的确够你受的. put to`gether (used after a n or ns referring to a group of people or things 用于名词之后, 指人或事物之 群体) combined 加在一起; 汇总: Your department spent more last year than all the other departments put together. 你们部门去年的花销比其他所有部门的加起来还多. (For other idioms containing put, see entries for ns, adjs, etc 查阅与put 搭配的其他习语见有关名词、形容词等的词 条, 如put one's foot in it => foot1; put sth right => right1.) 7 (phr v) put (sth) a`bout (nautical 海) (cause sth to) change direction （使某物）改变方向: The ship put slowly about. 那船慢慢改变了航 向. * The captain put the ship about. 船长更改了船的航向. put sth about spread or circulate (false news, rumours, etc) 散布, 传播（假消息、谣言等）: He's always putting about malicious rumours. 他老是散布别有用心的谣言. * It's being put about that the Prime Minister may resign. 有谣传说首 相可能辞职. put sth above sth => put sth before/above sth. put sth across sb ( infml 口) trick sb into accepting a claim, etc that is worthless or untrue 哄骗某 人接受无谓的或虚假的说法等: Are you trying to put one across me? 你想蒙我吧? put oneself/sth a`cross/`over (to sb) communicate or convey (one's personality, an idea, etc) to sb 让某人认识（自己 的个性）; 沟通或传达（思想等）: He doesn't know how to put himself across at interviews. 他不知 道在面试时怎样把自己的意思讲清楚. * She's very good at putting her ideas across. 她非常善于表 达思想. put sth aside ( a) place sth to one side 把某物放到一边: She put the newspaper aside and picked up a book. 她把报纸放下, 拿起了一本书. (b) save (a sum of money) to use later; reserve (an item) for a customer to collect later 储存（某钱数）以备他日之需; 为顾客保留（物品）: She's put aside a tidy sum for her retirement. 她存了一笔相当可观的钱以备退休之用. * We'll put the suit aside for you, Mr Parkinson. 帕金森先生, 我们暂时为你保留这套衣服. (c) disregard, ignore or forget sth 不顾、 忽视或不再想某事物: They decided to put aside their differences. 他们决定抛开彼此的分歧. put sth at sth calculate or estimate (the size, cost, etc of sth) to be (the specified weight, amount, etc) 计算, 估计 （某物之大小、价值等）: I would put his age at about sixty. 我估计他大概有六十岁. * `What would you put the price of this car at?' `I'd put it at 15000.' ｀你看这辆汽车值多少钱?＇｀我看值 15000 英镑.＇ put sb away ( often passive 常用于被动语态) (infml 口) confine sb in a prison or mental hospital 把某人关进监狱或精神病院: He was put away for ten years for armed robbery. 他因持械抢劫而关 押了十年. * She went a bit odd and had to be put away. 她有点不正常, 只好送进了疯人院. put sth a`way (a) put sth in a box, drawer, etc because one has finished using it （使用完毕）将某物收起或Oxford Dictionary Translation memory software company ForeignDesk, Okapi Framework, OmegaT, Transolution, AidTransStudio, Cafetran, Déjà Vu (DVX), Heartsome Translation Suite, MemoQ, MetaTexis, Rainbow, SDLX, SDL, STAR Transit, Trados, SDL Trados, Wordfast, WordFisher, Similis, Open Language Tools http://www.transgood.com