TransGood-Translation memory software Trados, SDL, ForeignDesk, Wordfast, WordFisher, Déjà Vu (DVX), 译佳计算机辅助翻译软件, 雅信CAT TransGood, TransMemory, Translation Software Tools, Computer-assisted translation, computer-aided translation, CAT, machine-aided translation, Translation memory software, Terminology management software, Alignment software, Software localization tools, ?bersetzung Software, Logiciels de traduction, Software di traduzione, Traducción de Software, Mémoire de traduction, Tradu??o memória, Memoria de traducción, Memoria di traduzione, Перевод Software, ForeignDesk, Okapi Framework, OmegaT, Transolution, AidTransStudio, Cafetran, Déjà Vu (DVX), Heartsome Translation Suite, MemoQ, MetaTexis, Rainbow, SDLX, SDL, STAR Transit, Trados, SDL Trados, Wordfast, WordFisher, Similis, Open Language Tools, 翻訳ソフトウェア, 翻訳メモリ, 翻译软件 辅助翻译软件 计算机辅助翻译软件 人工智能翻译 翻译工具 专业翻译软件 翻译记忆软件 塔多思 Trados SDL WordFast 雅信CAT 翻译公司 牛津词典 Oxford Dictionary assembling the known facts. 警方正在重组作案经过（如派员到案发现场重演作案过程或汇集事 实资料综合思考）. * We reconstructed what the dinosaur looked like from a few of its bones. 我们根 据恐龙的一些骨头重组恐龙的原貌. reconstruction / -5strQkFn; -`strQkFEn/ n 1 [C, U] (act of) reconstructing or being reconstructed 重建; 再现: plans for the reconstruction of the city centre 重建城市中心的计画* a reconstruction of events by detectives 侦探对事情经过的设想. 2 Reconstruction [sing] (US) period of occupation and reform in the Southern States after their defeat in the American Civil War 重建时期（美国南北战 争末期南部各州的改革重建期）. record / 5rekR:d; ?@ 5rekErd; `rZkLd/ n 1 [C] ~ (of sth) permanent account, esp in writing, of facts, events, etc （对事实、事件等的）记录; （尤指）记载: a record of school attendances, road accidents 学生出席、交通事故记录* records of births, marriages and deaths 出生、婚姻和死亡记录 * public, parish, medical, etc records 公共事务、教区事务、医疗等记录* make/keep a record of one's expenses 记自己开支的帐. 2 [sing] ~ (for sth) facts, events, etc known (but not always written down) about the past of sb/sth （已知的有关某人[某事物]过去的）事实、事件等（不一 定有文字记载）; 功过; 经历; 履历: He had a good `war record, eg fought bravely. 他有良好的作 战经历（如作战勇敢）. * have a (previous) criminal `record, ie have already been convicted for a crime or crimes 有前科* The airline has a bad safety record, ie Its aircraft often crash. 这家航空公 司安全情况历来不好（班机常失事）. * The school has a poor record for examination passes, ie Many of its pupils fail. 这所学校考试成绩历来欠佳（许多学生不及格）. 3 [C] (also `gramophone record, disc) ~ (of sb/sth) thin circular piece of plastic on which sound has been recorded 唱片: a pop, jazz, hit record 通俗歌曲、爵士音乐、流行歌曲唱片* the band's latest record 该乐队最新录制的唱 片* put on/play some records 放一些唱片 * [attrib 作定语] a record sleeve, album, library 唱片 的封套、唱片集、唱片库. 4 [C] best performance or highest or lowest level ever reached, esp in sport 最好的成绩,（最高的或最低的）水平, 记录（尤指体育运动）: beat/break (ie surpass) a record 打破一项记录* an Olympic, world, all-time record 奥林匹克运动会、世界、空前的记录 * She holds the world record in/for the 100 metres. 她保持著100 米世界记录. * [attrib 作定语] a record performance, score, time 刷新记录的表现、得分、时间* record profits, sales, crops 创记录的利 润、销售额、收成. 5 [C] (computing 计) set of related data forming a unit in a computer file 记 录（计算机文件中形成一个单元的一组相关的数据）. 6 (idm 习语) (just) for the `recordso that it should be noted; for the sake of accuracy （仅）供记录在案; 为准确起见: Just for the record, the minister's statement is wrong on two points. 必须明确指出, 部长的言论有两点是错误的. ,off the `record (infml 口) (of statements, opinions, etc) not for publication or not to be officially noted （指说 法、意见等）不得发表的, 不可正式记录的: The Prime Minister admitted, (strictly) off the record, that the talks had failed. 首相承认会谈失败, 此消息（绝）不可发表. on `record (a) (of facts, events, etc) noted or recorded, esp officially （指事实、事件等）记载下来的; （尤指）正式记录的: Last summer was the wettest on record for 50 years. 刚过去的这个夏季是50 年来记录中雨水最多的. (b)(of statements, opinions, etc) publicly known or officiallynoted （指说法、意见等）公开发表的, 正式记录的: be/go on record as saying that the law should be changed 公开说该法规应予更改 * put one's views, objections, etc on record, ie publish or broadcast them 公开发表自己的观点、反对 意见等. put/set the `record straight give a correct account of facts, events, etc; put right a misunderstanding （对事实、事件等）作正确的陈述, 纠正误解: To set the record straight, I must say now that I never supported the idea. 我必须在此表明, 我从未支持过那种意见. record-breaker n. person, car, boat, etc that breaks a record1(4) 打破记录者（人、汽车、船等）. record-breaking adj. [attrib 作定语]: a record-breaking attendance, flight, jump, time 破记录的出 席率、飞行、跳跃、时间. record-holder n. person holding a sports record （某项运动的）记录保持者. record-player (also dated 旧作 gramophone) n. instrument for reproducing sound from records (record1 3) 唱机. record / rI5kR:d; rI`kRrd/ v 1 (a) [Tn, Tf, Tw] write down (facts or events) for later use or reference 将（事实或事件）记录下来以备他日使用或参考; 记录; 记载: record progress, developments, etc 记载进展、发展等情况* record the minutes/proceedings of a meeting 做会议记录[记录会议事项] * The papers record that inflation has dropped. 报纸刊载通货膨胀已下降. * Historians record how Rome fell. 历史学家记载了罗马帝国衰亡的经过. (b) [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr, Tng] ~ (sth) (from sth) (on sth) preserve (sound or images) on a disc or magnetic tape for later reproduction 将（声音或图像）保 存在磁盘或磁带上以便重放; 录（音）; 录（像）: To record, press both buttons. 录音时须按双钮. * My voice records quite well. 我的声音录下来很好听. * record music from the radio 录下无线电 广播中的音乐* record a speech, piece of music, TV programme (on tape/video) （在磁带[录像带] 上）录演讲、乐曲、电视节目* a recorded (ie not live) programme, concert, interview, etc 录制 的节目、音乐会、访问记等（非现场直播的）* record sb playing the guitar 为某人的吉他演 奏录音. 2 [Tn] (of measuring instruments) mark or indicate (sth); register （指测量仪器）标明或 显示（某事物）; 自动记下: The thermometer recorded 40C. 温度计上显示出40C. recorded delivery ( Brit) postal service in which delivery is confirmed by the receiver signing a form 挂号邮递: send a letter by recorded delivery 寄挂号信. Cf 参看registered post (register2). recorder / rI5kR:dE(r); rI`kRrdL/ n 1 apparatus for recording sound or pictures, or both 录音机; 录 像机: a `tape-recorder 磁带录音机 * a `video-recorder 录像机. 2 wooden or plastic wind instrument of the flute family, played like a whistle, with eight holes for the fingers 竖笛（木制或塑 料制的管乐器, 有八个指孔）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1 插图, page x. 3 (Brit) judge in certain lawcourts （某些法院的）法官. recording / rI5kR:dIN; rI`kRrdIN/ n 1 [U] action of preserving sound or images on magnetic tape, etc （音像的）录制; 录音; 录像: during the recording of the show 在录制节目时 * [attrib 作定语] a re`cording studio, session, company 音像录制室、时间、公司. 2 [C] sound or images that have been preserved in this way （录制的）音像; 录音; 录像: make a video recording of a wedding 为婚 礼录像* a good recording of the opera on tape/video 将该歌剧录制得很好的录音带[录像带]. recount / rI5kaUnt; rI`kaJnt/ v [Tn, Tw, Dn.pr, Dpr.w] ~ sth (to sb) give a detailed account of sth; tell about sth 详细叙述某事; 讲述某事: recount one's adventures, experiences, misfortunes, etc 叙述自 己的冒险事、经历、不幸等* He recounted how he had shot the lion. 他讲述他射死那只狮子的 经过. recoup / rI5ku:p; rI`kup/ v [Tn, Tn.pr, Tw] ~ sb/oneself for sth get back (what one has spent, lost, etc); give sb/oneself back (what has been spent, lost, etc) 获得（补偿）; 付给某人[自己]（补偿）: We recouped the show's expenses from ticket sales. 我们从门票收入中赚回演出的费用. * He recouped himself for his losses. 他挽回了自己的损失. * recoup what the project has cost 补偿该项目花去的 费用. recourse / rI5kR:s; rI`kRrs/ n [U] 1 possible source of help, eg in an emergency 求助的对象（如情 况紧急时）: They managed without recourse to (ie without seeking) outside help. 他们不寻求外援也 能应付过去. * Your only recourse is legal action. 你只有靠诉讼了. 2 (idm 习语) have recourse to sb/sth (fml 文) turn to sb/sth for help; get help from sb/sth 求助于某人[某事物]; 获得来自某人[某 事物]的援助: I hope the doctors won't have recourse to surgery. 我希望医生可别非动手术不可. recover / rI5kQvE(r); rI`kQvL/ v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sb/sth) find again (sth stolen, lost, etc); regain possession of sth 找回（被盗、遗失等之物）; 重新获得某事物（的所有权）: recover stolen goods, lost property, etc 找回被盗的货物、失去的财物等* Six bodies were recovered from the wreck. 从交通工具的残骸中找到了六具尸体. * recover what was lost 重新获得失去的东西. 2 [Tn] (a) get back the use of (one's faculties, health, etc) 恢复（能力、健康等）: recover one's sight, hearing, etc 恢复视力、听力等* recover one's senses/consciousness, eg after fainting 恢复知觉 （如晕倒后）* I'm slowly recovering my strength after a bout of flu. 我得过流感后体力正在慢慢 恢复. (b) get back the control of (oneself, one's actions, one's emotions, etc) 重新控制（自己、自己 的行动、自己的情绪等）: The skater quickly recovered his balance. 那个滑冰的人很快恢复了平 衡. * She recovered herself/her composure and smiled. 她恢复了常态[镇静], 笑了笑. * The murderer never recovered his peace of mind. 这个杀人凶手心里再也没平静过. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sb/sth) regain (money, time or position) 重新获得（金钱、时间或地位）: They sought to recover damages, costs, expenses, etc from the firm. 他们设法向那家公司索取损害赔偿金、用费、 费用等. * We recovered lost time by setting out early. 我们提前出发从而把损失的时间补了回来. * The team recovered its lead in the second half. 该队在下半场重新领先. 4 [I, Ipr] ~ (from sb/sth) return to a normal state, eg of health, mind, prosperity 回复到正常状态（如健康、神智、繁荣）: He's now fully recovered from his stroke. 他现已从中风病完全康复了. * recover from the shock, surprise, strain, etc 从震惊、惊讶、紧张等中恢复过来* Trade soon recovered from the effects of the war. 贸易摆脱了战争的影响而很快复苏了. recoverable / -rEbl; -rEbl/ adj that can be recovered(recover 1) 能找回的; 能重新获得的: recoverable deposits, losses, assets 能索回的定金、能挽回的损失、能收回的资产. recovery / rI5kQvErI; rI`kQvErI/ n 1 [U] ~ (of sth/sb) recovering (recover 1) or being recovered 找 回; 重新获得: the recovery of the missing diamonds 丢失钻石的寻回 * [attrib 作定语] a recovery vehicle, ie one for taking broken-down cars, etc to a garage 维修拖车（把毁坏的汽车等拉回修理厂 的车）. 2 [sing, U] ~ (from sth) return to a normal state, eg of health or prosperity 恢复正常状态 （如康复或复兴）; 复原: make a quick, speedy, good, slow, etc recovery (from illness) （从疾病中） 很快、迅速、完全、缓慢...康复* be well on the way/road to recovery 正在顺利恢复* the team's recovery from defeat 这个队失败后的重新振作. 3 [U] (esp US) area of a hospital where patients are kept immediately after an operation 监护部（医院中监护刚做过手术的病人的地方）: The patient is in recovery. 该病人在手术后的监护部. recovery room ( US) room in a hospital where patients are kept for observation after an operation 恢 复室（医院中护理做过手术的病人的屋子）. recreant / 5rekrIEnt; `rZkrIEnt/ n, adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (dated 旧) (person who is) cowardly, unfaithful or treacherous 怯懦的、不忠的或叛逆的（家伙）; 懦夫; 叛徒: You recreant knave! 你 这个不义之徒! recreation / 9rekrI5eIFn; 9rZkrI`eFEn/ n [C, U] (means of) refreshing or entertaining oneself after work; relaxation 业余消遣或娱乐（的方式）;（身心的）放松; 休憩: My favourite recreation is chess. 我最喜欢的娱乐是下国际象棋. * walk and climb mountains for recreation 为消遣而散步和爬山 * Gardening is a form of recreation. 园艺活动是一种消遣方式. recreational / -FEnl; -FEnl/ adj of or for recreation 消遣的; 娱乐的: take part in recreational activities 参加娱乐活动* recreational facilities, eg sports grounds, swimming-pools 娱乐设施（如 运动场、游泳池）. recreation ground ( abbr 缩写rec) publicly-owned area of land used for adult sports or games, or having swings, slides, etc for children （公共的）游乐场. recreation room (also rec room) ( US) room in a private house used for games, relaxation, entertainment, etc （私人住宅中的）康乐室. recriminate / rI5krImIneIt; rI`krImE9net/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (against sb) (fml 文) accuse or blame (sb by whom one has been accused or blamed) 反诉或反责（某人）. recrimination / rI9krImI5neIFn; rI9krImE`neFEn/ n [C usu pl, U 作可数名词时通常作复数, 亦作 不可数名词] (act of making an) accusation in response to an accusation from sb else; countercharge 反诉; 反告: bitter, angry, furious, etc recriminations 激烈的、愤怒的、猛烈的...反诉* Let's not indulge in (mutual) recrimination. 咱们不要总是互相指责吧. recriminatory / rI5krImInEtrI; ?@ -tR:rI; rI`krImEnE9tRrI/ adj of recrimination 反诉的; 反责的: recriminatory remarks, comments, etc 反唇相稽的话、评语等. recrudesce / 9ri:kru:5des; 9rikru`dZs/ v [I] (fml 文) (of diseases, violence, etc) break out again; recur （指疾病、暴力活动等）复发, 再次发生. recrudescence / -5desns; -`dZsns/ n [C, U] (fml 文) new outburst; recurrence 新发作; 再发生: a recrudescence of influenza 流行性感冒的新发作* prevent the recrudescence of civil disorder 防止 内乱再次爆发. recrudescent / -5desnt; -`dZsEnt/ adj. recruit / rI5kru:t; rI`krut/ n ~ (to sth) (from sth) 1 person who has just joined the armed forces or police and is not yet trained （未经训练的）新兵或新警察: new, recent, raw (ie inexperienced) recruits 新兵* drilling recruits on the parade ground 在练兵场上训练新兵. 2 new member of a club, society, etc （俱乐部、会社等的）新成员, 新会员: gain/seek new recruits (eg to training schemes) from among the young unemployed 从年轻的失业者中吸收[招收]新成员（如实施培训计 画）. recruit v. [I, Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.n/a] ~ (sb) (to sth) (from sth); ~ sb (as sth) 1 gain (sb) as a recruit; enlist 吸收（某人）为新成员; 徵募: recruit on a regular basis 定期招募* a re`cruiting officer, poster, drive 徵募新兵的军官、布告、运动* recruit new members (to the club) 吸收新成员（进入俱乐部） * recruit sb as a spy 招募某人为特工. 2 form (an army, a party, etc) by gaining recruits （吸收新成 员）组成（军队、党派等）: recruit a task force 为特遣部队招募新兵. recruitment n. [U]. rectal / 5rektEl; `rZktl/ adj (anatomy 解) of the rectum 直肠的. rectangle / 5rektANgl; `rZktAN-l/ n four-sided geometricfigure with four right angles, esp one with unequal adjacent sides 方形; （尤指）长方形, 矩形. =>illus at quadrilateral 见 quadrilateral 插图. rectangular / rek5tANgjUlE(r); rZk`tAN-jElL/ adj having the shape of a rectangle 长方形的; 矩形 的. rectify / 5rektIfaI; `rZktE9faI/ v (pt, pp -fied) 1 [Tn] put (sth) right; correct 改正（某事物）; 纠正: rectify an error, omission, etc 修订错处、疏漏处等* mistakes that cannot be rectified 无法改正的 错误. 2 [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] (chemistry 化) purify or refine, esp by repeated distillation 净化或精炼; （尤指）分馏, 精馏: rectified spirits 精馏酒精. 3 [Tn] convert (alternating current) to direct current 将（交流电）变成直流电; 整（流）. rectifiable / -faIEbl, also 9rektI5faIEbl; -9faIEbl/ adj that can be rectified 可改正的; 可精馏的; 可 整流的: an error that is easily rectifiable 容易改正的错误. rectification / 9rektIfI5keIFn; 9rZktEfE`keFEn/ n 1 [U] rectifying or being rectified 改正; 精炼; 整流: the rectification of errors, alcohol 错误的改正、酒精的精馏. 2 [C] thing that has been rectified; correction 被改正的事物; 经过精炼之物; 矫正. rectifier n. device that converts alternating current to direct current 整流器. rectilinear / 9rektI5lInIE(r); 9rZktE`lInIL/ adj 1 in or forming a straight line 直线的; 形成直线的: rectilinear motion 直线运动. 2 bounded by or having straight lines 用直线围著的; 有直线的: a rectilinear figure 直线图形. rectitude / 5rektItju:d; ?@ -tu:d; `rZktE9tud/ n [U] (fml 文) moral correctness or straightforwardness; honesty 正直; 刚正; 诚实: a person of stern (moral) rectitude 刚正不阿的人. recto / 5rektEU; `rZkto/ n (pl ~s) right-hand page of an open book （打开的书的）右页: on the recto (page) 在右页上. Cf 参看 verso. rector / 5rektE(r); `rZktL/ n 1 (a) (in the Church of England) clergyman in charge of a parish from which he receives his income directly (formerly entitled to receive all the tithes of his parish) （英国 国教的）牧区司铎, 牧区长. Cf 参看vicar. (b) (in the Roman Catholic Church) head of a church or a religious community （天主教的）教区首席神甫. 2 (esp Brit) head of certain universities, colleges, schools or religious institutions （某些学校或宗教机构的）校长、院长或领导人. rectory / 5rektErI; `rZktErI/ n rector's house 牧区长、教区长、某些学校或宗教机构领导人的 住所. rectum / 5rektEm; `rZktEm/ n (pl ~s or recta) (anatomy 解) lower end of the large intestine, through which solid waste passes to the anus 直肠. =>illus at digestive 见 digestive 插图. recumbent / rI5kQmbEnt; rI`kQmbEnt/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (fml 文) (esp of a person) lying down; reclining （尤指人）躺著的, 斜倚的: a recumbent figure, eg in a painting or sculpture 卧像 （如绘画或雕塑中的）. recuperate / rI5ku:pEreIt; rI`kupE9ret/ v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (from sth) (fml 文) recover from illness, exhaustion or loss, etc 复原; 恢复（体力）; 挽回（损失等）: He is still recuperating from his operation. 他动手术后仍在恢复中. * recuperate one's strength after a climb 攀登之后恢复体力. 2 [Tn] get back (money spent or lost) 复得（花掉或失去的钱）: recuperate costs, expenses, etc 索回用费、费 用等. recuperation / rI9ku:pE5reIFn; rI9kupE`reFEn/ n [U] (fml 文) recuperating 复原; 恢复; 挽回. recuperative / rI5ku:pErEtIv; rI`kupE9retIv/ adj (fml 文) of or aiding recuperation （有助于）复原 的, 恢复的, 挽回的: the recuperative powers of fresh air 新鲜空气可助人康复的作用. recur / rI5k\:(r); rI`k[/ v (-rr-) 1 [I] happen again; happen repeatedly 再发生; 复发: a recurring problem, error, illness 反复出现的问题、错误、疾病* The symptoms tend to recur. 这种症状有 可能复发. * This theme recurs constantly throughout the opera. 这一主旋律在该歌剧中不断出现. 2 (phr v) recur to sb/sth (fml 文) (of ideas, events, etc) come back into the mind （指想法、事情等） 在头脑中重现: Our first meeting often recurs to me/my mind. 我们初次见面的情形时常浮现于我 的脑海. recurrence / rI5kQrEns; rI`kQrEns/ n [C, U] (instanceof) recurring; repetition 复发; 反复; 重现: the recurrence of an illness, error, problem, theme 疾病、错误、问题、主旋律的一再反复. recurrent / -Ent; -Ent/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] recurring often or regularly 经常发生的; 周期 性的: recurrent attacks, fits, headaches, etc 周期性发作的疾病、痉挛、头痛等* a recurrent problem, theme 经常出现的问题、主旋律. recurring decimal decimal fraction in which the same figure(s) are repeated indefinitely, eg 3.999, 4.014014 循环小数 （如: 3.999 、 4.014014）: The recurring decimal 3.999... is also described as 3.9 recurring. 循环小 数｀3.999...＇亦作｀3.9 循环＇. recusant / 5rekjuznt; `rZkjJznt/ n (formerly) Roman Catholic who refused to attend Anglican services as required by law （旧时）拒绝按照法律规定参加英国国教礼拜式的天主教徒. recusant / 5rekjuznt; `rZkjJznt/ n (formerly) Roman Catholic who refused to attend Anglican services as required by law （旧时）拒绝按照法律规定参加英国国教礼拜式的天主教徒. recycle / 9ri:5saIkl; ri`saIkl/ v [Tn] (a) treat (used material) so that it can be used again 回收（废旧材 料）: recycle newspaper, ie by de-inking and pulping it 回收旧报纸（以脱墨和制浆方式处理）. (b) get (natural products) back from used material by treating it （利用废旧材料）再造（原始成 品）: ,recycled `glass, ie from old bottles 再造的玻璃（利用旧瓶再制的）. Cf 参看 reclaim 4. red / red; rZd/ adj (-dder, -ddest) 1 (a) of the colour of fresh blood or a similar colour 红的; 红色的: a red sky, door, car 红色的天空、门、汽车* ruby-red lips 深红的嘴唇* Maple leaves turn red in the autumn. 枫叶在秋天变红了. =>illus at spectrum 见spectrum 插图. (b) (of the eyes) sore and having red veins and rims; bloodshot （指眼睛）布满血丝的, 眼眶发红的, 充血的: Her eyes were red with weeping. 她的眼睛哭红了. (c) (of the face) flushed with shame, anger, etc （指脸）（因羞 惭、愤怒等）涨红的: turn, go, be red in the face 脸红. 2 (of hair or an animal's fur) of a reddish-brown colour; ginger or tawny （指毛发或动物皮毛）红褐色的, 黄褐色的, 茶色的: red deer, squirrels 马鹿、红松鼠. 3 (a) Red [attrib 作定语] Soviet or Russian 苏维埃的; 俄国的: The Red Army, ie that of the former USSR 红军（前苏联军队）* Red (ie Communist) China 红色中国. (b) (infml sometimes derog 口, 有时作贬义) revolutionary; communist 革命的; 共产主义的. 4 (idm 习语) neither fish, flesh, nor good red herring => fish1. not (be) worth a red `cent; not give a red `cent for sth (US infml 口) (be) worthless; regard sth as being worthless 没有价值; 认为某事物毫无价值. paint the town red => paint2. (as) red as a beetroot very red in the face, esp because one is embarrassed 满脸通红（尤因受窘）: He went as red as a beetroot when I asked about his new girl-friend. 我问起他那新女友, 他就满脸通红. a red `herring fact, argument, etc that leads attention away from the matter being considered 转移注意力的事情、言语等: Stop chasing red herrings and get back to the point. 别东拉西扯了, 说正事吧. (like) a red rag to a bull likely to cause strong resentment, anger, violence, etc 可能激起强烈的憎恨、愤怒、暴力行动等: Her remarks were like a red rag to a bull: he was furious with her. 她的话惹得他对她暴跳如雷. redly adv: The fire glowed redly. 火烧得通红. redness n. [U]. red-blooded adj. [usu attrib 通常作定语] (infml 口) full of vigour or sexual desire; virile 充满活 力的; 性欲旺盛的; 有男子气的: ,red-blooded `males 精力充沛的男子. redbreast n. => robin. redbrick adj. (Brit sometimes derog 有时作贬义) (of universities) founded near the end of the 19th century or later （指大学）接近19 世纪末或19 世纪末以后建立的: redbrick colleges, campuses, etc 19 世纪末建立的学院、大学校园等. Cf 参看 Oxbridge. red cabbage type of cabbage with red leaves 红色卷心菜. redcap n. (infml 口) 1 (Brit) member of the military police 宪兵. 2 (US) railway porter （火车 站的）搬运工. red card ( in football, etc) card shown by the referee to a player that he is sending off the field （足球 等）（比赛时裁判向球员出示的）红牌（罚球员下场）. Cf 参看yellow card (yellow). red carpet strip of red carpet laid out for the reception of an important visitor （为迎接贵宾铺的）红地毯: [attrib 作定语] (fig 比喻) We must give our guests the red-carpet treatment. 我们得隆重接待贵宾. redcoat n. (formerly) British soldier （旧时）英国士兵. red corpuscle (also red blood cell) blood cell that carries oxygen to the body tissues and carbon dioxide from them 红血球. Cf 参看 white corpuscle (white1). Red Crescent ( emblem of the) organization in Muslim countries that corresponds to the Red Cross 红新月会（穆斯林国家中相当于红十字会的组织）; 红新月会的会徽. Red Cross ( emblem of the) international organizationthat works to relieve suffering caused by natural disasters,etc and to help the victims of war 红十字会（的会徽）. redcurrant n. (shrub producing) a small round edible berry 红醋栗（小而圆的可食用的小果子）; 红醋栗灌木: [attrib 作定语] ,redcurrant `jelly 红醋栗果子冻. red ensign red flag of the British merchant navy with a Union Jack in the top left corner 英国商船旗（红色, 左 上角标有英国国旗）. Cf 参看white ensign (white1). red flag 1 flag used as a symbol of danger, eg on roads, railways, etc （表示危险的）红色信号旗（如用于公 路、铁路等）. 2 symbol of revolution or communism （象徵革命或共产主义的）红旗. red giant large star near the middle of its life that gives out a reddish light 红巨星（发微红色光, 其寿命已近 中期）. Cf 参看white dwarf (white1). red-handed adj. (idm 习语) catch sb red-handed => catch1. redhead n. person, esp female, with red1(2) hair 红褐色头发的人（尤指女子）. red-hot adj. 1 (of a metal) so hot that it glows red （指金属）热得通红的, 炽热的. 2 (fig 比喻) very great 极其: ,red-hot `anger, enthusiasm, etc 非常愤怒、热情等. 3 (fig infml 比喻, 口) (of news) completely new; fresh （指新闻）全新的, 最新的: The reporter had a red-hot story. 那个记者 掌握著最新消息. Red Indian (Brit redskin) ( infml offensive 讳, 口, 蔑) N American Indian 北美印第安人. red lead red oxide of lead, used in paint 铅丹（用做颜料）. red-letter day day that is important or memorable because sth good happened on it 重要的或值得纪念的日子. red light road signal meaning `stop'; danger signal on railways, etc 红灯（表示｀停＇的道路信号; 铁路等的 危险信号）: go through, jump a red light, ie not stop 闯红灯. red-`light district part of a town where there are many prostitutes, sex-shops, etc 红灯区（城市中妓女、性用品商店等集中的地方）. red meat beef, lamb or mutton 牛羊肉. Cf 参看white meat (white1). red pepper 1 (red fruit of the) capsicum plant 红辣椒. 2 = cayenne pepper. red setter = Irish setter (Irish). redskin n. => Red Indian. red tape ( derog 贬) excessive bureaucracy, esp in public business 繁文缛节; （尤指）官僚作风: procedures hedged about with red tape 繁琐拖拉的办事程序* It takes weeks to get through the red tape. 办完这些繁琐的手续得需要几个星期. red wine wine made from black grapes and coloured red by contact with their skins 红葡萄酒. Cf 参看 rose, white wine (white1). redwood n. any type of tree with reddish wood, esp a Californian conifer that sometimes grows to a great height 红木; （尤指加利福尼亚的）红杉（有些极高）. red / red; rZd/ n 1 [U, C] (shade of) red colour （深浅不同的）红色: light, clear, deep, dark, etc red 浅、纯、深、暗等红色* There's too much red in the painting. 这幅画中用的红色太多. * the reds and browns of the woods in autumn, ie of the leaves, undergrowth, etc 秋天树林中呈现的红色和褐 色（指树叶和矮树丛的颜色）. 2 [U] red clothes 红衣服: dressed in red 穿著红衣服* Don't wear red tonight. 今晚别穿红衣服. 3 [C] (a) Red person supporting Socialism or Communism 拥护社 会主义或共产主义的人: the conflict between Reds and Whites, ie during the Russian Revolution 拥 护和反对共产主义的人之间的冲突（俄国革命期间）. (b) (infml or derog 口或贬) person supporting revolution or radical policies 赤色分子; 革命分子; 激进分子: a unioninfiltrated by reds 有赤色分子渗入的工会. Cf 参看 pink1.4 (idm 习语) be in the `red; get (sb) into the `red (infml 口) have more liabilities than assets; (cause sb to) owe money 负债; （使某人）欠债: My bank account is 50 in the red. 我的银行帐户有50 英镑的亏空. Cf 参看be in the black (black2 4). be out of the red; get (sb) out of the red (infml 口) (help sb to) be no longer in debt （帮助某人）偿清债务: This payment will get me out of the red, ie into a state of credit. 这一笔报酬能帮我偿清欠债了. see `red (infml 口) become very angry 大怒: Her criticisms were enough to make anyone see red. 她那些批 评任谁都得火冒三丈. redden / 5redn; `rZdn/ v 1 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become red （使某物）变红. 2 [I] (of the face) flush with shame, anger, etc （指脸）（因羞涩、愤怒等）发红. reddish / 5redIF; `rZdIF/ adj rather red 略呈红色的; 微红的: reddish fur, hair 略带红色的皮毛、毛 发. redeem / rI5di:m; rI`dim/ v 1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sb/sth) buy back sth by paying the required sum; recover sth 买回或赎回某物: I redeemed my watch from the pawn shop. 我把手表从当里 赎回来了. (b) [Tn] pay off (eg a debt); clear 偿清（债务等）; 结清: redeem a mortgage, loan, etc 偿 还抵押借款、贷款等. (c) [Tn] convert (bonds, shares, etc) into cash or goods 将（债券、股票等） 兑换为现金或货物: This coupon can be redeemed at any of our branches. 这种息票可在我们的任 何分行兑现. 2 [Tn] (fml 文) keep (a promise); fulfil 遵守（诺言）; 履行: redeem one's pledges, obligations 履行誓约、义务. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from sth) (a) obtain the freedom of sb, esp by payment; rescue sb 使某人获得自由; （尤指）为某人赎身; 解救某人: redeem hostagesfrom captivity 营救禁锢的人质. (b) (fig 比喻) (of Christ) free or save (mankind) from sin （指耶稣）将 人类从罪孽中拯救出来. 4 [Tn] (a) make up for faults or deficiencies in (sth); compensate for 补救 或弥补（某事物）; 补偿: The sole redeeming feature of this job is the salary. 这份工作唯其薪水尚 可弥补一切之不足. * The acting was not good enough to redeem the (awfulness of the) play. 该剧 （很糟糕）, 演得好也于事无补. * Jones redeemed his earlier poor performance by scoring two goals. 琼斯射入两球方弥补其初时表现之不足. (b) save (sb/sth/oneself) from blame; vindicate 使（某人 [某事物/自己]）免受责难; 维护: redeem one's honour 挽回名誉* The minister redeemed himself in the eyes of the public by resigning. 这位大臣毅然辞职, 维护了自己在公众心目中的声誉. redeemable / -Ebl; -Ebl/ adj that can be redeemed 可赎回的; 可补救的; 可偿清的; （债券等）可 兑现的. the Redeemer n. [sing] Jesus Christ 救世主; 耶稣基督. redemption / rI5dempFn; rI`dZmpFEn/ n [U] (fml 文) 1 redeeming or being redeemed 赎回; 补救; 偿清; 兑现: the redemption of one's property, debts, shares, promises 财产的赎回、债务的偿清、 股票的兑现、诺言的履行. 2 (idm 习语) beyond/past re`demption (esp joc 尤作戏谑语) in such a poor state that there is no chance of improvement or recovery 无可救药; 不可挽回: When the third goal was scored against us, we knew the match was past redemption. 对方一射进第三个球, 我们就 知道这场比赛算是输定了. * Joan's career with the firm is really beyond redemption. 琼在该公司的 工作确实没有回旋余地了. redemptive / rI5demptIv; rI`dZmptIv/ adj (fml 文) of redemption; serving to redeem （用以）赎回 的, 补救的, 偿还的. redeploy / 9ri:dI5plRI; 9ridI`plRI/ v [Tn] give new positionsor tasks to (sb) 给予（某人）新的职位或 任务; 重新调派: redeploy troops, workers, scientists, etc 调动部队、工作人员、科学家等 * redeploy teachers into industry 把教师调入工业部门. redeployment n. [U] redeploying 调动; 调配; 重新部署: the redeployment of staff, labour, manpower, etc 工作人员、劳动力、人力等的调配. redevelop / 9ri:dI5velEp; 9ridI`vZlEp/ v [Tn] replan or rebuild (an area of land or building(s)) in a different way 重新规划或重新建设（某一地区或建筑物）; 改造: redevelop a city centre, housing estate, slum area, etc, eg modernize them, improve conditions, etc 改造市中心、住宅区、贫民区 等. redevelopment n. [U] redeveloping or being redeveloped 重新规划; 重新建设; 改造: an area ripe for redevelopment 条件成熟即可重建的地方. rediffusion / 9ri:dI5fju:Vn; 9ridI`fjuVEn/ n [U] (esp Brit) relaying of broadcast radio or TV programmes esp bywire from a central receiver to public places (eg cinemas,etc) （无线电广播或电 视节目的）转播（尤指向电影院等公共场所的有线转播）. redirect / 9ri:dI5rekt; 9ridE`rZkt/ v = readdress. redistribute / 9ri:dI5strIbju:t; 9ridIs`trIbjut/ v [Tn] give(sth) out in a different way 重新分配（某事物）: redistributejobs, power, land 重新分配工作、权力、土地. redistribution / 9ri:dIstrI5bju:Fn; 9ridIstrE`bjuFEn/ n [U]: the redistribution of wealth, labour, resources, etc 财富、劳力、资源等的重新分配. redo / 9ri:5du:; ri`du/ v (pt redid / -5dId; -`dId/, pp redone / -5dQn; -`dQn/) [Tn] 1 do (sth) again 再 做或重做（某事物）. 2 (infml 口) redecorate (a room, building, etc); repair 重新装饰（房间、建 筑物等）; 修理: have the kitchen redone, ie wallpapered, painted, etc 重新装修厨房（贴壁纸、粉 刷等）* The roof needs redoing, eg retiling. 屋顶需要修理（如重新铺瓦）. redolent / 5redElEnt; `rZdlEnt/ adj [pred 作表语] ~ of/with sth (fml 文) 1 smelling strongly of sth 有强烈气味: have breath redolent of garlic, whisky, tobacco 口中有强烈的大蒜、威士忌、烟草 气味 * a room redolent of roses 弥漫著玫瑰花香的房间. 2 (fig 比喻) strongly suggestive or reminiscent of sth 使人联想或回想起某事物的: a town redolent of the past 使人对往事触景生情 的小城. redolence / -Ens; -Ens/ n [U]. redouble / 9ri:5dQbl; ri`dQbl/ v [I, Tn] 1 (cause sth to) become greater, stronger, more intense, etc （使某事物）变得更大、更强、再加倍: Her zeal redoubled. 她热情倍增. * We must redouble our efforts. 我们应该加倍努力. 2 (in the card-game of bridge) double again (a bid already doubled by an opponent) （桥牌中）将（对方已加倍的叫牌）再加倍. redoubt / rI5daUt; rI`daJt/ n (a) last defensive position within a system of fortifications （防御系统中 的）最后阵地. (b) isolated fortified outpost 孤立的前哨站. redoubtable / rI5daUtEbl; rI`daJtEbl/ adj (fml or joc 文或谑) to be feared and respected; formidable 令人敬畏的; 可怕的: a redoubtable opponent, fighter 令人敬畏的对手、战士. redound / rI5daUnd; rI`daJnd/ v (phr v) redound on sb/sth (fml 文) come back on sb/sth; rebound or recoil on sb/sth 返回或报应到某人[某事物]上: Your practical jokes will redound on you/your own head one day. 你那些恶作剧总有一天会使你自食其果. redound to sth (fml 文) contribute greatly to (one's/sb's reputation, etc); promote sth 提高（自己的[某人的]声誉等）; 促进某事物: Her hard work redounds to her credit/to the honour of the school. 她工作努力从而提高了自己的声誉[为学校 增添了荣誉]. * This course of action will redound to our advantage. 这种做法对我们很有好处. redress / rI5dres; rI`drZs/ v 1 [Tn] (fml 文) put right (a wrong); compensate for (sth) 纠正（过错）; 补偿（某事物）: redress an injustice, an abuse, etc 纠正不公的现象、弊端等* redress a grievance 申冤* redress the damage done 赔偿损失. 2 (idm 习语) redress the `balance make things equal again 使各事物重新相等或均衡: The team has more men than women so we must redress the balance, ie include more women in it. 这个队男的多女的少, 所以我们得平衡一下（招收女队员）. redress n. [U] ~ (for sth) (fml 文) redressing or being redressed; thing that redresses 纠正; 补偿; 有改正或补偿作用的事物: seek legal redress for unfair dismissal 对不合理的解雇一事提起诉讼以 求匡正* Under the circumstances, you have no redress, ie You cannot demand compensation. 在此 情况下, 你不能索赔. reduce / rI5dju:s; ?@ -5du:s; rI`dus/ v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) (to/by sb) make sth smaller in size, number, degree, price, etc 缩减（体积、数量、程度、价格等）; 减小; 减少; 减低; 降低: reduce volume, quantity, pressure, speed 缩小体积、减少数量、降低压力、减低速度 * increase profits by reducing costs 降低成本以增加利润* reduce one's weight from 98 to 92 kilos/by 6 kilos 把体重从98 公斤减少到92 公斤[减少6 公斤] * Antibiotics will reduce the swelling. 使用抗菌素能 消肿. * This shirt was greatly/drastically reduced in the sale. 这种衬衣在大减价时降价很多. 2 [I] (infml 口esp US) lose weight intentionally; diet （有意识地）减轻体重; 节食. 3 [Tn.pr] ~ sb (from sth) to sth make sb lower in rank or status; demote sb 降低某人的级别或地位; 降职: reduce a sergeant to the ranks, ie make him an ordinary soldier 把一名中士降为士兵* The reform has reduced us to servants of the State. 这一改革把我们都降为公务员了. 4 [Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (from sth) to sth bring sb/sth into a specified (usu worse) state or condition 使某人[某事物]陷入某种（通常指 更坏的）状态或状况中: be reduced to begging, borrowing 沦落到得要饭、借债* reduce sb to tears, silence, despair, obedience 使某人流泪、沉默、绝望、顺从* reduce the chaos in one's office to some form of order 改变办公室的混乱状况, 使之有些条理* Overwork has reduced him to a physical wreck. 他过度劳累而损害了健康. * The fire reduced the house to ashes. 这场火灾把 那所房子化为灰烬. 5 [Tn.pr] ~ sth to sth change sth to a more general or basic form 将某事物概 括或简化成某种形式: reduce an equation, argument, issue to its simplest form 把某方程式、论据、 问题化为最简单形式* reduce a problem to two main issues 把某问题归纳成两个要点. 6 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sth) (chemistry 化) remove oxygen from or add hydrogen or electrons to (a compound) 将（化合物）还原: reduce water (ie to hydrogen) by electrolysis 用电解法把水还原（为氢） * reduce a compound to its constituentelements 将一化合物还原为构成该化合物的元素. Cf 参看 oxidize (oxide). reducible / -Ebl; -Ebl/ adj ~ (to sth) that can be reduced 可缩减的; 可降低的; 可化简的; 可还原 的. reductio ad absurdum / rI9dQktIEU d Eb5s\:dEm; rI`dQktIo9AdEb`s[dEm/ (Latin 拉) method of disproving a proposition by showing that, if interpreted literally and precisely, it would lead to an absurd result 归谬法; 反证法. reduction / rI5dQkFn; rI`dQkFEn/ n 1 (a) [U] reducing or being reduced 缩减; 降低; 简化; 还原: the reduction of tax 税金的减少* reduction of an argument to its essentials 将论据归纳成为一些 要点. (b) [C] instance of reducing 缩减; 降低; 简化; 还原: a reduction in size, weight, etc 体积的 缩小、重量的减少* a price reduction 价格的降低. (c) [C] amount by which sth is reduced, esp in price 缩减之量; （尤指）减去的价钱: sell sth at a huge reduction 大幅度降价出售某物 * make/offer reductions on certain articles 对某些商品减价. 2 [C] copy of a map, picture, etc made by reducing the size of the original （地图、图片等的）缩版, 缩图. Cf 参看 enlargement (enlarge). redundant / rI5dQndEnt; rI`dQndEnt/ adj 1 (usu of language or art) not needed; superfluous; unnecessary （通常指语言或艺术）不必要的, 冗赘的, 多余的: a paragraph without a redundant word 无一冗词的一段文字* The illustration had too much redundant detail. 解说中不必要的细节 太多. 2 (esp Brit) (of industrial workers) no longer needed for any available job and therefore dismissed （指工人）（因人员过剩）被解雇的, 失业的: become/be made/find oneself redundant 成 为冗员而被裁 * the plight of redundant miners 被裁减的矿工的困境 * Fifty welders were declared redundant. 已公布削减五十名焊工. redundancy / -EnsI; -EnsI/ n 1 [U] (a) state of being redundant(2) 人浮于事; 裁员; 成为冗员被 裁: a high level of redundancy among unskilled workers 非熟练工人的大量裁减 * [attrib 作定语] redundancy pay, money, etc, ie given to sb made redundant 遣散费（给予被裁减人员的）. (b) material that is redundant(1) （通常指语言或艺术）多余的材料: express oneself without redundancy 精练地表达意思. 2 [C] worker made redundant(2) 遭裁减的工人: Two hundred redundancies were announced in the shipyards. 造船厂公布削减二百名工人. redundantly adv. reduplicate / rI5dju:plIkeIt; rI`duplE9ket/ v [Tn] (fml 文) repeat (esp a word or syllable), as in bye-bye; double 重复（尤指词或音节）（如bye-bye）; 使加倍. reduplication / rI9dju:plI5keIFn; ?@ -9du:-; rI9duplE`keFEn/ n [U]. reed / ri:d; rid/ n 1 (a) [C] (tall hollow stem of) any of various types of grass-like plants growing near water 芦苇（秆）. (b) [U] mass of such plants growing together 芦苇丛. 2 [C] strip of metal or cane that vibrates to produce sound in eg an oboe, a bassoon, or a clarinet 簧片（如双簧管、低音管、单 簧管中的）: [attrib 作定语] reed instruments 簧乐器. =>illus at App 1 见附录1 插图, page x. 3 (idm 习语) a broken reed => broken2. reediness n. [U] state of being reedy(2) （声音的）尖利刺耳: an unpleasant reediness of tone 声调 的刺耳尖利. reedy adj. (-ier, iest) 1 having many reeds (reed 1) 多芦苇的; 芦苇丛生的. 2 (derog 贬) (of voices, sounds) high and scratchy instead of full and clear （指嗓音、声响）尖利刺耳的: a thin, reedy tenor 音色尖细刺耳的男高音. reef / ri:f; rif/ n part of the top or bottom of a sail that can be rolled or folded to reduce the area exposed to the wind 缩帆部, 叠帆部（帆的顶部或底部可卷起或摺起的部分）. reef v. [Tn] reduce the area of (a sail) by drawing in a reef or reefs 卷起或摺起（缩帆部）. reef-knot (US square-knot) n. type of symmetrical double-knot that will not slip or come undone easily 平结, 方结（对称的双结, 不容易滑脱或松开）. reef / ri:f; rif/ n ridge of rock, shingle, sand, etc at or near the surface of the sea 礁; 礁脉: The ship was wrecked on a coral reef. 那艘船触珊瑚礁失事. reefer / 5ri:fE(r); `rifL/ n 1 (also reefer-jacket) close-fitting thick double-breasted jacket 厚布制的 双排钮上衣. 2 (sl 俚) hand-rolled cigarette containing marijuana 手卷的大麻烟. reek / ri:k; rik/ n [sing] 1 (derog 贬) strong bad smell 浓烈的臭味: the reek of stale tobacco (smoke) 发霉烟草的臭（烟）味. 2 (Scot 苏格兰) thick smoke, usu from fires or chimneys 浓烟（通常指 燃烧产生的或烟囱中喷发的）. reek v. 1 [Ipr] ~ (of sth) (derog 贬) (a) smell unpleasantly of sth 发出难闻气味: His breath reeked of tobacco. 他口中带有烟草的臭味. * The room reeked of cheap perfume. 房间里弥漫著劣 质香水的呛鼻气味. (b) (fig 比喻) strongly suggest sth unpleasant or suspicious 明显带有令人不快 的或令人生疑的特质: Their actions reek of corruption. 他们的举动显然有贪污之嫌. 2 [I, Tn] (Scot 苏格兰) (usu of fires or chimneys) give out (thick smoke) （通常指火或烟囱）冒出（浓烟）. reel / ri:l; ril/ n (US spool) 1 cylinder, roller or similarly shaped object on which thread, wire, fishing line, photographic film, magnetic tape, etc is wound （线绳、金属丝、钓丝、摄影胶片、磁带 等的）卷轴, 卷筒, 卷盘: a cotton reel 绵线轴* a cable reel 电缆卷轴. 2 quantity of thread, etc wound on such a cylinder, roller, etc 一卷轴、卷筒、卷盘等的量: a six-reel film 一部有六盘胶片 的电影. reel v. 1 [Tn.p] ~ sth in/out wind (sth) on or off a reel; pull (sth) in by using a reel 在卷轴等上缠 绕（某物）; 从卷轴等上抽出（某物）; 用卷轴等拉拽（某物）: reel the line, the hosepipe, etc out 从卷轴上放出线绳、水龙带等* The angler reeled the trout in slowly. 钓鱼的人慢慢地收绕钓丝 钓起鳟鱼. 2 (phr v) reel sth off say or repeat sth rapidly without pause or apparent effort 一口气说 或重复某事: reel off a poem, list of names, set of instructions 一口气背出一首诗、说出许多名字、 发出一系列指令. reel / ri:l; ril/ v 1 [I, Ipr, Ip] move unsteadily or sway; stagger 摇摇晃晃地移动; 摇摆; 蹒跚: reel drunkenly down the road 醉得东倒西歪沿路走去* She reeled (back) from the force of the blow. 她 受此一击（向后）打了个趔趄. * I reeled round in a daze. 我头昏眼花走不稳. 2 [I, Ipr] (fig 比喻) (of the mind or head) be or become dizzy or confused; be in a whirl （指心智或头脑）眩晕, 迷乱, 发 昏: The very idea sets my head reeling. 就是那念头把我弄得头昏脑胀. * His mind reeled when he heard the news/at the news. 他听到那消息后感到头发蒙. * be reeling from/with/under the shock 吓 得晕头转向 * (fig 比喻) The street reeled (ie seemed to go round and round) before her eyes. 她感 到街道在眼前打旋. reeve / ri:v; riv/ n 1 (Brit) (a) (formerly) chief magistrate of a town or district （旧时）市镇或区的 司法官. Cf 参看sheriff 1. (b) (in medieval times) steward of a manor （中世纪时期）庄园的管家. 2 (in Canada) elected head of a village or town council （加拿大）乡镇议会的议长. ref / ref; rZf/ n (infml 口) = referee 1. ref / ref; rZf/ abbr 缩写 = (commerce 商) reference: ref no 369 函件编号369 * our ref 14A; your ref 392, eg at the top of a business letter 我方编号:14A; 你方编号: 392（如商务信件页首所注）. reface / 9ri:5feIs; ri`fes/ v [Tn] put a new surface on (a wall, building, etc) 装修（墙壁、建筑物等的） 外表. refectory / rI5fektrI or, rarely, 罕读作5refIktrI; rI`fZktErI/ n dining-hall in a monastery, convent, college, school, etc （修道院、学校等的）食堂, 餐厅. refer / rI5f\:(r); rI`f[/ v (-rr-) 1 [Ipr] ~ to sb/sth (a) mention or speak of sb/sth; allude to sb/sth 提到、 说到或涉及到某人[某事物]: When I said some people are stupid, I wasn't referring to you. 我说有 些人很愚蠢, 并不是指你. * Don't refer to this matter again, please. 请不要再提这件事了. * This incident in his childhood is never again referred to. 他小时候的这件事永远不再提了. (b) be relevant to sb/sth; concern sb/sth 与某人[某事物]有关; 关系到某人[某事物]: What I have to say refers to all of you. 我要说的事和你们大家都有关. 2 [Ipr] ~ to sth/sb turn to sth/sb for information, etc 向某事物[某人]查询信息等: refer to a dictionary, an expert 查词典、询问专家* I referred to my watch for the exact time. 我看了一下手表好知道准确的时间. * The speaker often referred to his notes. 那个讲演的人不时地看发言稿. 3 [Tn.pr esp passive 尤用于被动语态] ~ sb/sth to sb/sth send sb/sth to sb/sth for help, advice, action, etc 将某人[某事物]送交某人[某事物]以谋求帮助、指 点、行动支持等: refer a patient to a specialist for treatment 把病人交给专科医生治疗 * The dispute was referred to the United Nations/to arbitration. 该项争端已提交联合国处理[予以仲裁]. * I was referred to the manager/the enquiry office. 人家叫我去找经理[去问讯处]. * The reader is referred to page 3. 请读者参看第3 页. 4 (phr v) refer sth back (to sb) return (a document, etc) to the sender for further clarification 将（文件等）退给送件人予以澄清: The letter was referred back (to us) with a query. 该函已退给（我方）要求对某问题加以解释. referable / rI5f\:rEbl; rI`f[Ebl/ adj ~ (to sb/sth) that can be referred (refer 3) to sb/sth 可送交某人 [某事物]的. referral / rI5f\:rEl; rI`f[El/ n 1 [U] referring (refer 3) or being referred to sb/sth 送交: the referral of such cases to a doctor 将此类病人转给某医生诊治. 2 [C] person or thing referred (refer 3) to sb/sth 送交给某人[某事物]的人或事物: several referrals from the clinic 从诊所转来的几个病人. referee / 9refE5ri:; 9rZfE`ri/ n 1 (also infml 口语作ref) (in football, boxing, etc) official who controls matches, prevents rules being broken, etc （足球、拳击等的）裁判员. =>illus at hockey 见 hockey 插图. Cf 参看umpire. 2 person to whom disputes, eg between employers and employees, are referred for decision （争端, 如劳资纠纷的）仲裁者, 调解者, 公断者. 3 (Brit) person willing to make a statement about the character or ability of sb applying for a job （愿为求职者提供证明的） 证明人, 介绍人, 推荐人: The head teacher often acts as (a) referee for his pupils. 这位校长常为求 职学生做证明人. referee v. [I, Tn] act as a referee(1) in (sth) 当裁判: Who refereed (the match)? 谁当（这场比赛的） 裁判? reference / 5refErEns; `rZfErEns/ n 1 ~ (to sb/sth) (a) [U] act of referring (refer 1a) to sb/sth 提到; 说到; 涉及: Avoid (making) any reference to his illness. 千万别提起他的病. * The original text is here for ease of reference. 谨附原文以便查考. (b) [C] statement, etc speaking of or mentioning sb/sth; allusion 说到或提到某人[某事物]的言语或文字等; 暗示: He made pointed (ie obvious) references to the recent scandal. 他有针对性地提到最近的丑闻. * The book is full of references to places I know. 这本书里提到许多我熟悉的地方. 2 [C] ~ (to sb/sth) note, etc telling a reader in what other book, article, etc information may be found; book, passage, etc referred to in this way or as an authority （向读者指示参考书、文章等的）附注, 旁注; （做此种用途的）书, 章节: a thesis crowded with references to other sources 有旁徵博引附注的论文* check your references 要核对 引证的资料* cite Green 1986 as a reference 引用1986 年格林的论述作参考资料. 3 [C] (abbr 缩写 ref) (commerce 商) (on letters, etc) means of identification （书信等的）编号: Please quote our reference when replying. 回信时请注明我方函件编号. 4 [C] (person willing to make a) statement about a person's character or abilities （有关某人品格或能力的）证明文书, 介绍信; 证明人: quote sb/sb's name as a reference 提出某人[某人的名字]做可咨询的证明人* provide a reference for sb 为某人出具证明 * supply sb with a reference 向某人提供愿做证明的人* She has excellent references from former employers. 她持有以前的雇主写的很好的证明书. * a banker's reference, ie a note from one's bank saying that one's financial position is sound 银行证明（证明某人财务状况良 好）. Cf 参看testimonial 1. 5 (idm 习语) bear/have some/no reference to sth (not) be connected with sth 与某事物有关[无关]: This has no reference to what we were discussing. 这与我们讨论的 问题无关. a frame of reference => frame1. in/with reference to sb/sth (esp commerce 尤用于商业) about or concerning sb/sth 关于某人[某事物]: I am writing with reference to your job application. 敬覆者, 关于您申请工作一事. Cf 参看terms of reference (term). without reference to sb/sth not taking account of sb/sth 不考虑某人[某事物]; 置某人[某事物]于不顾: She issued all these invitations without any reference to her superiors. 她未请示上级擅自把所有这些请柬都发了出去. reference book book, eg an encyclopedia or a dictionary, which is consulted for information, not read right through 参考书, 工具书（如百科全书或词典）. reference library (also `reference room) library or room having books that may be consulted on the premises, but not borrowed 参考书阅览室 （藏书仅供室内参阅, 不外借）. reference marks marks, eg *, , , , used to direct the reader to eg a footnote, where information may be found 参照符号 （如*、、、 , 用以指示读者参看脚注等）. referendum / 9refE5rendEm; 9rZfE`rZndEm/ n (pl ~s) [C, U] referring of a political issue to a general vote by all the people of a country for a decision; vote thus taken 全民投票（以表决某政治问题）; 全民投的票: hold a referendum on ending conscription 就结束徵兵问题举行全民投票* settle a national issue by referendum 以全民投票来解决一项国家大事. Cf 参看 plebiscite. refill / 9ri:5fIl; ri`fIl/ v [Tn] fill again 再装满; 再充满: refill a glass, (petrol) tank, (cigarette) lighter, etc 把玻璃杯、汽油箱、打火机等重新灌满. refill / 5ri:fIl; `ri9fIl/ n new material used to refill a container; container thus refilled 用以重新装入 一容器的新添材料; 重新装入新添材料的容器: (infml 口) Would you like a refill (ie another glass of beer, wine, etc)? 您还要再添一杯吗? * two refills for a cartridge pen 两支替换笔芯. refine / rI5faIn; rI`faIn/ v [Tn] 1 remove impurities from (sth); purify 从（某物）中除去杂质; 精制; 精炼; 提纯: refine sugar, oil, ore, etc 制糖、炼油、提炼矿石* refining processes 提炼过程. 2 improve (sth) by removing defects and attending to detail （去粗取精、一丝不苟）改良（某事物）: refine one's working methods 改进自己的工作方法* refine earlier systems, designs, theories 改良 原先的制度、设计、理论. 3 (fig 比喻) make (sb/sth) more cultured or elegant; remove what is coarse or vulgar from 使（某人[某事物]）更有教养或更文雅; 使去掉粗俗言行: refine one's manners, taste, language 使举止更优雅、趣味更高雅、语言更文雅. refined adj. 1 cultured or elegant; free from what is coarse or vulgar 有教养的; 文雅的; 不粗俗 的: Her tastes are very refined. 她的趣味十分高雅. 2 freed from impurities 纯净的; 精炼的: refined sugar, oil, etc 精制的糖、精炼的油. refiner n. person, firm or machine that refines (refine 1) 做精炼加工的人、企业或机器: sugar refiners 精糖制造者. refinery / -nErI; -nErI/ n factory, etc where sth is refined 精炼加工厂: a `sugar refinery 制糖厂 * an `oil refinery 炼油厂. refinement / rI5faInmEnt; rI`faInmEnt/ n 1 [U] refining or being refined 精炼; 精制; 提纯: the refinement of oil, sugar, etc 油、糖等的精炼* the gradual refinement of her taste in music 她音乐 修养的逐步提高. 2 [U] culture or elegance of manners, taste, language, etc （仪态、趣味、语言 等的）高雅, 文雅: a person of great refinement 温文尔雅的人* lack of refinement 缺乏教养. 3 [C esp pl 尤作复数] (a) clever development of eg machinery, technique; improvement （机器、技 术等的）精巧的改进; 改良: all the refinements of 20th-century technology 20 世纪技术上的一切进 步* The oven has an automatic timer and other refinements. 这个烤箱有自动定时器及其他改进装 置. * make further refinements to our original model 对我们最初的型号作进一步的改进. (b) subtle or ingenious development of eg thought, behaviour 精妙, 精细（思想、行为的）: refinements of meaning, cruelty 意义的精细入微、残酷之极. refit / 5ri:fIt; `ri9fIt/ n repair or renewal of parts (of a ship, etc) （船等的）修理或更换零部件: The liner is in dock for a refit. 班轮正在船坞修理. refit / 9ri:5fIt; ri`fIt/ v (-tt-) (a) [Tn, Cn.n/a] ~ sth (as sth) give a refit to (a ship, etc) 修理（船等）或 更换其零部件: The ferry was refitted as a troop-ship and joined the fleet. 那艘渡轮已改装为运兵船 编入舰队. (b) [I] (of a ship, etc) be given a refit （指船等）被修理或更换零部件: put into port to refit 进港修理. reflate / 9ri:5fleIt; ri`flet/ v [I, Tn] increase the amount of money and credit circulating in (an economy) to restore the system (after a period of deflation) to its previous condition （增加流通货币及贷款） 使经济（在通货紧缩后）复苏. Cf 参看deflate 2, inflate 3. reflation / ri:5fleIFn; ri`fleFEn/ n [U] reflating or being reflated 放宽银根使经济复苏. reflationary / ri:5fleIFnrI; US -nerI; ri`fleFE9nZrI/ adj: adopt reflationary policies, measures, etc 采取 增加流通货币使经济复苏的政策、措施等. reflect / rI5flekt; rI`flZkt/ v 1 [esp passive 尤用于被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] (a) ~ sb/sth (in sth) (of a mirror, etc) make a visible image of sb/sth （指镜子等）映出某人[某物]的影像: trees reflected in a window/lake 窗上[湖中]映出的树影* He looked at his face reflected in the mirror. 他照镜子看看 脸. (b) ~ sth (from sth) (of a surface) throw back (light, heat, sound) （指物体表面）反射（光、热、 声）: The heat reflected from the white sand formed a mirage. 热气经白色的沙面反射形成了蜃景. * The moon shines with reflected light. 月球是藉反射阳光而发光的. 2 [Tn] (fig 比喻) show the nature of or express (sth); correspond to 表现（某事物）的性质; 表达（某事物）; 符合: Her sad looks reflected the nature of her thoughts. 她面带忧伤显出心事重重. * The literature of a period reflects its values and tastes. 某一时期的文学可反映出该时期的价值观念和审美观念. * Increased sales were reflected in higher profits. 销售量的增加带来了更大的利润. 3 [I, Ipr, Tf, Tw no passive 不 用于被动语态] ~ (on/upon sth) think deeply about, or remind oneself of, past events; consider 沉思 或思忆（往事）; 思考: I need time to reflect (on your offer/on what you offered). 我需要时间来考 虑（你的建议[你提出的建议]）. * She reflected that his argument was probably true. 她心想他的理 由也可能对. * How distant those times seemed now, he reflected. 他在想那些日子现在已显得多麽 遥远. 4 (idm 习语) reflect (well, badly, etc) on sb/sth show or suggest that sb/sth is sound, unsound, etc 表明或显出某人[某事物]健全、不健全等: This scandal will reflect badly on the Party as a whole. 这件丑闻可以说明这个党在整体上不健康. reflect credit, discredit, etc on sb/sth (of actions, results, etc) bring honour, dishonour, etc to sb/sth （指行为、结果等）给某人[某事物]带来光荣、 耻辱等: These excellent results reflect great credit on all our staff. 这些优异的成绩给我们全体工作 人员带来了莫大的光荣. * Stealing reflects dishonour on your family. 偷窃行为会使家人蒙羞. reflection (Brit also reflexion) / rI5flekFn; rI`flZkFEn/ n 1 (a) [U] reflecting or being reflected 反 映; 反射; 表现; 沉思: heat transmitted by reflection 由反射传导的热. (b) [C] thing reflected, esp an image in a mirror, still water, etc 被反映或反射之物; （尤指镜中、静水等中的）映像: see one's reflection in a polished table-top 在光亮的桌面上看见自己的映像* the reflection of the trees in the lake 湖面映出的树的倒影 * (fig 比喻) be a pale reflection of one's former self, eg after an illness 与自己以前相比, 面容憔悴（如病后）. 2 [C] (fig 比喻) thing reflecting the nature of eg a person, task, etc 可反映人、任务等的本质的事物: Your clothes are a reflection of your personality. 一个人的衣著可反映出其个性. 3 (a) [U] thought or memory of past events; consideration 沉思; 回忆; 思考: lost in reflection 陷入沉思中* act without sufficient reflection 未经深思即采取行动 * A moment's reflection will show you are wrong. 只要略加考虑就可看出你错了. (b) [C] ~ (on sth) (often pl 常作复数) (spoken or written expression of an) idea arising from this 经沉思而产生的想 法（表达出的语言或文字）: idle reflections on the past 回忆往事的遐想* publish one's reflections on sexism 发表对性别歧视的看法. 4 (idm 习语) be a (bad/poor/adverse) reflection on sb/sth harm the good reputation of sb/sth; imply blame or criticism of sb/sth 损害某人[某事物]的名声; 暗含责 难或批评: Your remarks are a reflection on me/my character. 你的话是对我[我的人格]的污辱. * This mess is a (poor) reflection on her competence. 这种混乱情况说明她难当此任. on reflection after reconsidering (sth) 再经考虑: On further reflection, I saw that she might be right, after all. 我再 一考虑, 反倒觉得可能还是她对. * She decided, on reflection, to accept the offer. 她重新考虑后, 决定接受那个建议. reflective / rI5flektIv; rI`flZktIv/ adj 1 (of a person, mood, etc) thoughtful （指人、心情等）思考 的, 沉思的: in a reflective frame of mind 在沉思中. 2 (of a surface, etc) reflecting (esp light) （指 物体表面等）反射的, 反映的; （尤指）反光的: reflective number plates, eg on cars 反光的号码 牌（如汽车上的）. reflectively adv: answer, comment, etc reflectively 经过思考而答覆、评论等. reflector / rI5flektE(r); rI`flZktL/ n 1 thing that reflects heat, light or sound 反射热、光或声音的东 西; 反射器; 反射物. 2 red disc fitted to the back of a vehicle; disc or strip fitted to cycle wheels, etc making them visible in the dark by reflecting the lights of other vehicles 机动车辆尾部的红色反 光器; 自行车轮等上的圆形或条形反光镜. =>illus at App 1 见附录1 插图, page xiii. reflex / 5ri:fleks; `riflZks/ n (also `reflex action) involuntary action (eg sneezing or shivering) made instinctively in response to a stimulus 反射作用（受刺激后的本能反应, 如打喷嚏或发抖）: Sorry I hit you; it was a pure reflex. 对不起我撞著你了; 这完全是无意的. * have quick, slow, normal, etc reflexes 产生迅速的、缓慢的、正常的...反射动作* test/control one's reflexes 测验[控制]自己 的反射动作 * [attrib 作定语] a reflex movement, response, etc, ie one arising from a reflex 反射运 动、反射性反应. reflex angle angle of more than 180 优角（大于 180 的角）. reflex camera camera in which the object or scene to be photographed is reflected by a mirror, and focused on a large viewfinder for adjustment up to the moment of exposure 反射式照相机. reflexion ( Brit) = reflection. reflexive / rI5fleksIv; rI`flZksIv/ n, adj (grammar) (word or form) showing that the action of the verb is performed on its subject 反身的（词或形式）（表示动词的动作及于施动者）: a reflexive verb, pronoun, eg as in `He `cut himself.' 反身动词、代词（如He cut himself）. reflexive NOTE ON USAGE 用法: The reflexive verb is usually stressed. For emphasis, the syllable -self/-selves of the reflexive pronoun may be stressed. 反身动词通常须重读. 为加强语气, 反身代 词中的 -self/-selves 这个音节可以重读. refloat / 9ri:5flEUt; ri`flot/ v [I, Tn] (cause a ship, etc to) float again after sinking, running aground, etc （使船只等）（沉没、搁浅等之后）再浮起. reforest ( US) = reafforest. reform / rI5fR:m; rI`fRrm/ v [I, Tn] become or make better by removing or putting right faults, errors, etc 变好; 改善; 改进; 改良; 改革; 改造: There are signs that he's reforming. 有迹象表明他在变 好. * reform one's ways, habits 改变作风、习惯* reform an unfair salary structure 改革不合理的 工资结构* He's given up drink and is now a reformed character. 他戒了酒, 现已判若两人. reform n. 1 [U] reforming or being reformed 改善; 改进; 改良; 改革; 改造: agitate for, bring about, effect social reform 鼓吹、带来、实行社会改革* the reform of teaching methods 教学法 的改进 * [attrib 作定语] reform laws, bills, measures, etc 改革法律、法案、措施等. 2 [C] change that removes or puts right faults, errors, etc （缺点等的）克服;（错误等的）改正, 纠正: make, carry out reforms in education 进行、实行教育改革. reformer n. person who brings about or advocates reform 改进者; 改革者; 改造者: a social, political, religious reformer 社会的、政治的、宗教的改革者. reformation / 9refE5meIFn; 9rZfL`meFEn/ n 1 (a) [U] reforming or being reformed 改善; 改进; 改良; 改革; 改造: the reformation of criminals 对罪犯的改造. (b) [C] great change for the better in social, religious or political affairs （社会、宗教或政治事务的）改革，改良, 变革: a reformation in state education 国家教育事业的改革. 2 the Reformation [sing] 16th-century European movement for reform of the Roman CatholicChurch, which resulted in the establishment of Reformedor Protestant Churches 宗教改革（16 世纪欧洲改革天主教会的运动, 产生了新教）. reformatory / rI5fR:mEtrI; ?@ -tR:rI; rI`fRrmE9tRrI/ n (US) place where young offenders are sent to be trained and reformed （失足少年的）管教所, 教养所. Cf 参看 approved school (approve), Borstal. reformatory adj. (fml 文) tending or intended to produce reform （为）改善的, 改革的, 改造的. refract / rI5frAkt; rI`frAkt/ v [Tn] bend (a ray of light) where it enters eg water or glass at an oblique angle from a medium of different density 使（光线）折射: Light is refracted when passed through a prism. 光线经过棱镜时产生折射现象. refraction / rI5frAkFn; rI`frAkFEn/ n [U] refracting or being refracted 折射（现象）. =>illus at spectrum 见 spectrum 插图. refractory / rI5frAktErI; rI`frAktErI/ adj 1 (fml 文) difficult to control or discipline; wilful or unmanageable 难控制的; 不听管教的; 任性的; 难管理的: a very refractory child 很不听话的孩 子. 2 (of a disease, etc) not yielding to treatment （指疾病等）难治的. 3 (of substances, metals, etc) difficult to fuse or work; resistant to heat （指物质、金属等）难熔的; 难处理的; 耐热的: refractory brick, eg in furnace linings 耐火砖. refrain / rI5freIn; rI`fren/ n 1 lines of a song or poem which are repeated, esp at the end of each verse （歌曲或诗歌的）叠句; （尤指每节末的）反复部分, 副歌: Will you all join in singing the refrain, please? 请大家一道来唱副歌好吗? 2 tune accompanying this 副歌曲调: a haunting refrain 萦绕 于心头的副歌曲调 * (fig 比喻) the familiar refrain of her husband's snoring 她丈夫的习惯的鼾声. refrain / rI5freIn; rI`fren/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (from sth) (fml 文) keep oneself from doing sth 克制; 抑制: refrain from comment, criticism, etc 避免评论、批评等 * refrain from smoking 克制而不吸烟 * Let's hope they will refrain (from hostile action). 希望他们能克制（不采取敌对行动）. refresh / rI5freF; rI`frZF/ v [Tn] 1 give new strength or vigour to (sb/sth); restore or revive 给（某人 [某事物]）新的力量或活力; 使恢复; 使振作: refresh oneself with a cup of tea/a hot bath 喝杯茶[洗 个热水澡]以提神* She felt refreshed after her sleep. 她睡了一觉就精神了. 2 (idm 习语) refresh one's/sb's memory (about sb/sth) remind oneself/sb of facts by referring to notes, etc （藉助笔记等） 使自己[某人]想起: Just refresh my memory: were you born in York? 请再告诉我一次: 你是在约克 郡出生的吧? refreshing adj. 1 giving new strength or vigour; restoring or reviving 给人以新的力量或活力的; 提神的; 使人重新振作的: a refreshing bath, sleep, cup of tea 使人恢复精力的一个澡、一觉、一 杯茶* This breeze is very refreshing. 这微风使人心旷神怡. 2 (fig 比喻) welcome and interesting because unusual or novel （因少见或新奇）令人欣喜闻, 使人耳目一新的: a refreshing sense of humour 别具一格的幽默感* a new and refreshing approach to a problem 对某问题别辟蹊径的处 理方法 * The holiday was a refreshing change for us. 这次假日别开生面, 我们都感到新奇. refreshingly adv: refreshingly honest, original, different 极其老实的、新颖的、不同的. refresher course course of instruction for egteachers to learn about new techniques and developmentsin their field 进 修课程（如为教师等设的业务知识更新课）. refreshment / rI5freFmEnt; rI`frZFmEnt/ n 1 [U] refreshing or being refreshed （精力的）恢复; （身 心的）爽快. 2 (a) [U] (fml or joc 文或谑) food and drink 食物和饮料: partake of some refreshment 吃些东西 * [attrib 作定语] a refreshment room, eg at a railway station where food and drink are sold 小吃部（如火车站等处的）. (b) refreshments [pl] snacks 小吃; 点心: Light refreshments (eg ice-cream, crisps, chocolate) are available during the interval. 中间休息时有些点心（如冰激凌、炸 土豆片、巧克力）. refrigerate / rI5frIdVEreIt; rI`frIdVE9ret/ v [Tn] make (food, etc) cold in order to freeze or preserve it 冷冻, 冷藏（食物等）: keep meat, milk, etc refrigerated 冷藏肉、牛奶等. refrigerant / -rEnt; -rEnt/ n substance that refrigerates, eg liquid carbon dioxide 致冷剂（如液态二 氧化碳）; 冷冻剂. refrigeration / rI9frIdVE5reIFn; rI9frIdVE`reFEn/ n [U] (of food, etc) refrigerating or being refrigerated, in order to freeze or preserve （指食物等）冷冻, 冷藏: Keep perishable foods under refrigeration. 把容易变质的食物冷藏起来. * [attrib 作定语] the refrigeration industry 制冷工业. refrigerator / rI5frIdVEreItE(r); rI`frIdVE9retL/ n (also esp US ice-box, infml 口语作fridge / frIdV; frIdV/) cabinet or room in which food is kept cold 冰箱; 冷藏室; 冷藏库. Cf 参看 freezer. refuel / 9ri:5fju:El; ri`fjuEl/ v (-ll-; US -l-) [I, Tn] (cause a car, plane, etc to) be filled up with fuel （给 汽车、飞机等）加燃料: stop, land, dock, etc for refuelling 停车、著陆、靠码头等以便加燃料. refuge / 5refju:dV; `rZfjudV/ n 1 [C, U] ~ (from sb/sth) (place giving) shelter or protection from danger, trouble, pursuit, etc 避难（处）; 庇护（所）: a place of refuge 避难处* seek refuge from the storm 躲避暴风雨* take refuge in the cellar 在地下室里避难* a refuge (eg a safe house) for battered wives, alcoholics, etc 遭受殴打的妻子、酗酒者等的藏身处 * (fig 比喻) For her, poetry is a refuge from the world. 她把诗歌当作逃避现实的慰藉物. 2 [C] (Brit) = traffic island (traffic). refugee / 9refjU5dVi: ?@ 5refjUdVI:; `rZfjJ9dVi/ n person who has been forced to leave his country, home, etc and seek refuge, esp from political or religious persecution 难民, 避难者, 流亡者（尤指因 遭政治上或宗教上的迫害）: [attrib 作定语] set up ,refugee camps 建立难民营. refulgent / rI5fQldVEnt; rI`fQldVEnt/ adj (fml 文) gloriously bright; shining 光辉的; 灿烂的; 明亮 的. refulgence n. [U]. refund / ri:5fQnd; rI`fQnd/ v [Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr esp passive 尤用于被动语态] ~ sth (to sb) pay back (money received); reimburse (expenses incurred) 退还（所收的钱）; 偿付（花去的费用）: refund a deposit 退还保证金* Postage costs will be refunded (to you). 邮费将退还（给你）. * I'll refund you the full cost of your fare. 我来偿付你的全部旅费. refund / 5ri:fQnd; `ri9fQnd/ n [C, U] repayment; reimbursement 退款; 偿还金额: a tax, pension, etc refund 税金、年金等的退款* claim, obtain, pay, etc a refund 要求、获得、支付...退款 * He demanded a refund on the unused tickets. 他要求对未使用之票给予退款. refundable adj. that can be refunded 可退还的; 可偿还的: a non-refundable deposit 不予退还的 保证金. refurbish / 9ri:5f\:bIF; ri`f[bIF/ v [Tn] make (sth) clean or bright again; redecorate 将（某物）弄乾净; 使（某物）恢复光亮; 重新装饰: The flat will be refurbished for the new tenants. 这套房间将重新 粉刷以接纳新房客. refusal / rI5fju:zl; rI`fjuzl/ n 1 (a) [U] refusing or being refused 拒绝: refusal of a request, an invitation, an offer, etc 回绝一请求、邀请、建议等. (b) [C] act of refusing 拒绝: a blunt, flat, curt, etc refusal 乾脆的、断然的、粗率的...拒绝. 2 the refusal [sing] right to accept or refuse sth before it is offered to others; option 优先取舍权（决定是否接受某事物的优先权）: have the refusal on a car, house, etc 对是否购买某汽车、房子等, 有优先取舍权. Cf 参看first refusal (first1). refuse / 5refju:s; `rZfjus/ n [U] waste or worthless material; rubbish 废料; 废物; 垃圾: kitchen, garden, household, etc refuse 厨房里的、花园里的、家里的... 垃圾 * [attrib 作定语] a refuse bag, dump, bin, etc 垃圾袋、堆、箱等* refuse disposal 废料的处理. refuse collector ( fml 文) = dustman (dust). refuse / rI5fju:z; rI`fjuz/ v [I, Tn, Tt, Dn.n] say or show that one is unwilling to give, accept, grant or do sth 拒绝; 回绝: refuse one's consent, help, permission 不同意、不愿帮助、不允许* refuse a gift, an offer, an invitation 拒绝接受一礼物、建议、邀请 * She refused him/his proposal of marriage. 他向她求婚, 她拒绝了. * Our application for visas was refused. 我们的签证申请没有获 得批准. * The car absolutely refused to start. 这辆汽车完全发动不起来. * I was refused admittance. 未准许我进去. Cf 参看 agree 1. refute / rI5fju:t; rI`fjut/ v [Tn] prove (a statement, an opinion, etc or a person) to be wrong 证明（某说 法、意见等或某人）不对; 反驳; 驳斥: refute a claim, a theory, an argument 驳斥某要求、理论、 论点* refute an opponent 反驳对方. refutable / -Ebl, also 5refjUtEbl; -Ebl/ adj that can be refuted 可反驳的; 可驳斥的. refutation / 9refju:5teIFn; 9rZfju`teFEn/ n 1 [U] refuting or being refuted 反驳; 驳斥; 辩驳. 2 [C] argument that refutes sth; counter-argument 作辩驳用的论据; 反驳性论据. regain / rI5geIn; rI`-en/ v 1 [Tn] get (sth) back again after losing it; recover 重新获得（失去之事 物）; 恢复: regain consciousness 恢复知觉* regain one's freedom, health, sight 恢复自由、健康、 视力* Our troops soon regained possession of the town. 我部队不久重克该镇. 2 [Tn no passive 不用于被动语态] reach (a place or position) again 再到（某地或某位置）: regain the river bank 返 回河岸* regain one's footing/balance, eg after slipping, stumbling, etc 重新站稳[恢复平衡]（如滑 了一下、绊了一下等之后）. regal / 5ri:gl; `ri-l/ adj of, like or fit for a king or queen; royal （似）帝王的; 为帝王而设的; 王室的: regal dignity, splendour, power 帝王的威严、豪华、权力 * (fig 比喻) The developers made a regal (ie generous) offer for the land. 地产商出高价购买该地. regally / -gElI; --lI/ adv. regale / rI5geIl; rI`-el/ v [Tn.pr] (fml or joc 文或谑) (a) ~ sb with sth amuse or entertain sb (with stories, jokes, etc) （用故事、笑话等）使某人快乐或喜悦: She regaled us with an account of her school-days. 她讲她上学时的往事把我们逗得不亦乐乎. (b) ~ oneself/sbon/with sth give (esp choice) food and drink to oneself/sb 以（尤指上等的）食物和饮料供自己[某人]享用: regale an invalid with fruit and other dainty morsels 给病人吃水果和美味佳肴* We regaled ourselves on caviar and champagne. 我们尽情地享用鱼子酱和香槟酒. regalia / rI5geIlIE; rI`-elIE/ n [U] 1 emblems or robes of royalty used at coronations, eg crown, orb and sceptre （加冕礼中用的）王权的标志（如王冠、宝球和权杖）; 王袍: the king in full regalia 王袍加身的君王. 2 emblems and costumes of an order (eg the Order of the Garter), or of a certain rank or office 某种勋位（如英国嘉德勋位）或某种官阶或官职的标志和服装: wearing the mayoral regalia, ie the mayor's chain of office, etc 戴著市长的职务标志（官职链等）. regard / rI5gB:d; rI`-Brd/ v 1 [Tn] (fml 文) look steadily at (sb/sth) in the specified way 注视, 凝 视（某人[某物]）: She regarded him closely, intently, curiously, etc. 她紧紧地、目不转睛地、好 奇地...注视著他. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.n/a] ~ sb/sth (with sth); ~ sb/sth as sth consider or think about sb/sth in the specified way 将某人[某事物]视为; 认为某人[某事物]是: How is he regarded locally? 当地的人对他看法如何? * Your work is highly regarded. 你的工作很受重视. * We regard her behaviour with suspicion. 我们对她的行为有怀疑. * regard sb unfavourably/with disfavour 对某人 没有好感* I regard your suggestion as worth considering/as worthy of consideration. 我觉得你的 建议值得考虑. * We regard your action as a crime/as criminal. 我们认为你这种行为是犯罪行为. * She's generally regarded as a nuisance. 大家都很讨厌她. 3 [Tn] (usu in negative sentences or questions 通常用于否定句或疑问句) pay attention to (sth); heed 注意（某事物）; 留意: He seldom regards my advice. 他很少听我的话. * He booked the holiday without regarding my wishes. 他不考 虑我的意愿就把假日的一切都定下来了. 4 (idm 习语) as regards sb/sth concerning or connected with sb/sth 关于或至于某人[某事物]: I have little information as regards his past. 我对他过去的情 况不太了解. * As regards the second point in your letter... 关于你信中的第二点.... regarding prep. with reference to (sb/sth); concerning 对于（某人[某事物]）; 关于; 至于: She said nothing regarding your request. 她对你的要求只字不提. regard / rI5gB:d; rI`-Brd/ n 1 [U] ~ to/for sb/sth attention to or concern for sb/sth; care for sb/sth （对某人[某事物]的）注意或关心: drive without regard for/to speed limits 不顾速度限制开快车 * have, pay, show little regard for the feelings of others 不大顾及别人的感情. 2 [U] ~ (for sb/sth) esteem or consideration; respect 尊重; 敬重; 尊敬: hold sb in high/low regard, ie have a good/bad opinion of sb 尊重[不尊重]某人* have a great regard for sb's judgement, intelligence, achievements 极为尊重某人的判断、才智、成就. 3 regards [pl] (used esp at the end of a letter 尤用于信函的 结尾) kind wishes; greeting 致意; 问候: With kind regards, Yours sincerely... 谨此致意, ... 敬上 * Please give/send my regards to your brother. 请代为向令兄致意. 4 (idm 习语) in/with regard to sb/sth; in this/that/one regard in connection with sb/sth; in this/that connection; concerning sb/sth 关 于某人[某事物]; 在这[那]点上: I have nothing to say with regard to your complaints. 对于你的投 诉, 我无可奉告. * He is very sensitive in this regard, ie concerning this. 他在这方面非常敏感. * We have succeeded in one crucial regard: making this scandal public. 我们办成了一件大事: 将这件 丑事公之于众. regardless adv (infml 口) paying no attention to sb/sth 不加理会; 不顾: I protested, but she carried on regardless. 我极力反对, 但她置之不理仍一意孤行. regardless of prep paying no attention to (sb/sth); heedless of 不理会（某人[某事物]）; 不顾: regardless of the consequences, danger, expense 不顾后果、危险、代价* He continued speaking, regardless of my feelings on the matter. 他不顾 及我在此事上的感情继续往下说. regatta / rI5gtE; rI`-AtE/ n sporting event at which races are held between rowing-boats or yachts 划 船比赛; 赛艇会. regd abbr. 缩写 = (commerce 商) registered. regency / 5ri:dVEnsI; `ridVEnsI/ n 1 [C] (period of) office of a regent 摄政（期）. 2 the Regency [sing] (in Britain) the period 1810-20, when George, Prince of Wales acted as regent （英国）摄政时 期（1810-1820 年,威尔士亲王乔治摄政时期）: [attrib 作定语] Regency architecture, furniture 英 国摄政时期的建筑风格、家具. regenerate / rI5dVenEreIt; rI`dVZnE9ret/ v 1 [Tn] give fresh strength or life to (sb/sth); restore 赋予 （某人[某事物]）新的力量或生命; 使恢复: After his holiday he felt regenerated. 他休假之后觉得 又有了精神. * Their aim is to regenerate British industry. 他们的目的是复兴英国的工业. 2 [I, Tn] (cause a person or an institution to) reform or improve, esp morally or spiritually 改造或改进（人或 机构）（尤指在道德上或精神上）: The party soon regenerated under her leadership. 该党在她的领 导下很快焕然一新. regenerate / rI5dVenErEt; rI`dVZnErIt/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (fml 文) morally or spiritually reformed （道德上或精神上）新生的, 更新的: a regenerate society 观念更新的社会. regeneration / rI9dVenE5reIFn; rI9dVZnE`reFEn/ n [U]. regenerative / rI5dVenErEtIv; rI`dVZnE9rEtIv/ adj: enjoy the regenerative powers of sea air 享受清 新宜人的海上空气. regent / 5ri:dVEnt; `ridVEnt/ (often 常作Regent) n person appointed to rule a country while the monarch is too young, old, ill, etc, or is absent 摄政者. regent (often 常作 Regent) adj. (following ns 用于名词之后) performing the duties of a Regent 摄政的: the Prince Regent 摄政王. reggae / 5regeI; `rZ-e/ n [U] type of West Indian popular music and dance with strong rhythms 西印 度群岛的节奏很强的流行音乐和舞蹈. regicide / 5redVIsaId; `rZdVE9saId/ n 1 [U] crime of killing a king 弑君罪. 2 [C] person who commits or helps to commit this crime 弑君者; 弑君罪犯或从犯. regime / reI5Vi:m, also 5reVi:m; re`Vim/ n 1 (a) method or system of government 统治方式或制度; 政 体; 政权: a socialist, fascist, etc regime 社会主义、法西斯等制度. (b) prevailing method or system of administration (eg in a business) 盛行的管理方式或制度（如商业中的）: changes made under the present regime 现行管理方法带来的变化* the old regime versus the new 新管理制度对旧管理制 度. 2 regimen 养生法; 摄生法. regimen / 5redVImEn; `rZdVE9mEn/ n (medical or fml 医或文) set of rules about diet, exercise, etc aimed at improving sb's health and physical well-being （以增进健康及强身为目的, 在饮食、锻 炼等方面规定的）生活制度; 养生法; 摄生法: follow a strict regimen 严格地遵守养生之道 * put a patient on a regimen 为某病人安排生活制度. regiment / 5redVImEnt; `rZdVEmEnt/ n 1 [CGp] (a) (artillery and armour) unit divided into batteries or squadrons （炮兵的和装甲兵的）团: an attack by three tank regiments 以三个坦克团的 进攻. (b) (British infantry) unit, usu based on a city or county, and represented in the field by battalions （英国步兵的）团队（以营编制的作战单位, 通常为从一市或一郡中徵集的）: the 1st battalion of the Lancashire Regiment 兰开夏郡团队第1 营 * enlist in a crack (ie outstanding) infantry regiment 加入赫赫有名的团队. 2 [CGp] ~ of sth/sb (fig 比喻) large number of things or people 大量的物或人: a whole regiment of volunteers 大批志愿者. regiment / 5redVIment; `rZdVE9mZnt/ v [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] (esp derog 尤作贬义) force strict discipline on (sb/sth); organize rigidly into groups, patterns, etc 严格地管制（某人[某事 物]）; 严密地编组、编队等: regimented school outings 控制极严的校外远足活动 * tourists regimented into large parties for sightseeing 编成大组进行观光的游客. regimentation / 9redVImen5teIFn; 9rZdVEmZn`teFEn/ n [U]. regimental / 9redVI5mentl; 9rZdVE`mZntl/ adj [attrib 作定语] of a regiment 团的; （英国步兵）团 队的: a regimental mascot, band, parade, etc 团队的吉祥物、乐队、队列 * regimental headquarters, colours, etc 团指挥部、团旗. regimentals n. [pl] uniform of a regiment 团的制服; （英国步兵的）团队制服: dressed in full regimentals 身穿全套团队制服. Regina / rI5dVaInE; rI`dVaInE/ n (Latin 拉) (used esp in signatures on proclamations or in the titles of lawsuits 尤用于文告之签署或诉讼案件之名称中) reigning queen 女王: Elizabeth Regina 伊丽莎 白女王 * (law 律) Regina v Hay, ie the Crown versus Hay 王国政府对海伊的讼案. Cf 参看 Rex. region / 5ri:dVEn; `ridVEn/ n 1 part of a surface or bodyor space with or without definite boundaries or characteristicfeatures 物体表面、身体或空间的部分（可有可无边缘或特徵）; 范围; 部位; 地 方; 地区; 区域: the Arctic, desert, tropical, etc regions 北极、沙漠、热带等地区 * the northernmost regions of England 英格兰的最北部地区* pains in the abdominal region 腹部的疼 痛. 2 administrative division of a country 行政区. 3 (idm 习语) in the region of sth approximately (a number, weight, price, etc) 大约（某数量、重量、价格等）: earn (somewhere) in the region of 20000 a year 一年约挣 20000 英镑. regional / -nl; -nl/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of a region 局部范围的; 部位的; 地方的; 地区的; 区域的: the regional wines of France 法国各地出产的葡萄酒* organized, listed, etc on a regional basis 按地区组织的、列出的等. regionally / -nElI; -nlI/ adv. 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