TransGood-Translation memory software Trados, SDL, ForeignDesk, Wordfast, WordFisher, Déjà Vu (DVX), 译佳计算机辅助翻译软件, 雅信CAT TransGood, TransMemory, Translation Software Tools, Computer-assisted translation, computer-aided translation, CAT, machine-aided translation, Translation memory software, Terminology management software, Alignment software, Software localization tools, ?bersetzung Software, Logiciels de traduction, Software di traduzione, Traducción de Software, Mémoire de traduction, Tradu??o memória, Memoria de traducción, Memoria di traduzione, Перевод Software, ForeignDesk, Okapi Framework, OmegaT, Transolution, AidTransStudio, Cafetran, Déjà Vu (DVX), Heartsome Translation Suite, MemoQ, MetaTexis, Rainbow, SDLX, SDL, STAR Transit, Trados, SDL Trados, Wordfast, WordFisher, Similis, Open Language Tools, 翻訳ソフトウェア, 翻訳メモリ, 翻译软件 辅助翻译软件 计算机辅助翻译软件 人工智能翻译 翻译工具 专业翻译软件 翻译记忆软件 塔多思 Trados SDL WordFast 雅信CAT 翻译公司 牛津词典 Oxford Dictionary overnight （旅馆的）住宿者: Restaurant open to non-residents. 餐厅对非住宿者开放. 3 (US also resident physician) doctor living at a hospital where he is receiving advanced training 住院医生. resident adj. having a home in a place; residing 定居的; 常驻的: the town's resident population, ie not tourists or visitors 该城居民人口（不包括游客或来访者）* be resident abroad/in the UK 常驻 国外[英国] * (joc 谑) Stanley is our resident crossword fanatic. 斯坦利是我们中间的填纵横字谜 的游戏迷. residential / 9rezI5denFl; 9rZzE`dZnFEl/ adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] 1 containing or suitable for private houses 住宅的; 适于作住宅的: a residential area, suburb, district, etc, ie one having no offices, factories, etc 住宅区、近郊住宅区等. 2 connected with or based on residence 与居住有 关的: I often go on residential summer courses. 我经常去学习必须住校的暑期课程. * residential qualifications for voters, ie requiring that they should reside in the constituency 选民须为选区居民 之资格. residue / 5rezIdju:; ?@ -du:; `rZzE9du/ n (usu sing 通常作单数) ~ (of sth) 1 what remains after a part or quantity is taken or used 剩余物; 残余. 2 (law 律) part of an estate remaining after all debts, charges, bequests, etc have been settled （扣除债款、各种费用、遗赠等之后的）剩余遗产. =>Usage at rest3 用法见 rest3. residual / rI5zIdjUEl; ?@ -dVU-; rI`zIdVJEl/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] left over as a residue(1); remaining （作为剩余物）存留下来的; 剩余的; 残余的: residual chalk deposits, ie left after rocks have been eroded 残余白垩沉积（岩石经侵蚀后的）* a few residual faults in the computer program 计算机程序中的少许残留误差. residuary / rI5zIdjUErI; ?@ -dVUerI; rI`zIdVJ9ZrI/ adj 1 of a residue(1); residual 剩余物的; 残 余的. 2 (law 律) of the residue(2) of an estate 剩余遗产的: a residuary legatee, clause, bequest 剩 余遗产的承受人、条款、遗赠. resign / rI5zaIn; rI`zaIn/ v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (from sth) give up (one's job, position, etc) 放弃或 辞去（工作、职位等）; 辞职: The Minister resigned (from office). 那部长辞职了. * She resigned her directorship and left the firm. 她放弃了董事职务, 离开了公司. * resign (one's post) as chairman 辞 去主席职务. Cf 参看retire 1. 2 (phr v) resign oneself to sth/doing sth be ready to accept and endure sth as inevitable 听任; 顺从: be resigned to one's fate 听天由命* The team refused to resign themselves to defeat/to being defeated. 该队不甘失败. resigned adj. 1 [attrib 作定语] having or showing patient acceptance of sth unwelcome or unpleasant 听任的; 顺从的; 逆来顺受的: a resigned look, smile, gesture 表示顺从的脸色、微笑、 姿势. 2 (idm 习语) be, etc resigned to sth/doing sth be ready to endure or tolerate sth 准备忍受或 容忍某事物; 甘心情愿: She seems resigned to not having a holiday this year. 她对今年不休假似乎 并无怨言. resignedly / -nIdlI; -nIdlI/ adv in a resigned manner 顺从地; 听之任之. resignation / 9rezIg5neIFn; 9rZzI-`neFEn/ n 1 ~ (from sth) (a) [C, U] (instance of) resigning （职务 等的）放弃; 辞职: Further resignations are expected. 预料还会有人辞职. * He is considering resignation (from the Board). 他正考虑辞去（委员会中的）职务. (b) [C] letter, etc to one's employers stating one's wish to resign 辞呈: offer, tender, send in, give in, hand in one's resignation 提交辞呈 * We haven't yet received his resignation. 我们尚未收到他的辞呈. 2 [U] patient acceptance or endurance 听任; 顺从: accept failure with resignation 情愿承认失败. resilient / rI5zIlIEnt; rI`zIlIEnt/ adj 1 (of an object or material) springing back to its original form after being bent, stretched, crushed, etc; springy （指物体或材料）能复原的, 弹性的, 有弹力的. 2 (of a person or character) quickly recovering from shock or depression; buoyant （指人或性格）能迅 速恢复或重新振作的, 达观的, 适应性强的: physically/mentally resilient 肉体上[精神上]迅速复 原的* She is very resilient to change. 她对变化有很强的适应力. resilience / -Ens; -Ens/ (also resiliency / -nsI;-nsI/) n [U] 1 quality of being springy 弹性; 弹力; 迅速恢复的能力; 适应性: an alloy combining strength and resilience 既有强度又有弹性的合金. 2 (of people) quality of being buoyant （指人）乐观的性情: Her natural resilience helped her overcome the crisis. 她生性乐观有助于她渡过难关. resiliently adv. resin / 5rezIn; ?@ 5rezn; `rZzn/ n [C, U] 1 sticky substance that oozes esp from fir and pine trees and is used in making varnish, medicine, etc 树脂（尤指冷杉树脂和松脂）. 2 similar substance made synthetically, used as a plastic or in making plastics 合成树脂. resinous / 5rezInEs; ?@ 5rezEnEs; `rZznEs/ adj of or like resin （似）树脂的. resist / rI5zIst; rI`zIst/ v 1 [I, Tn] use force in order to prevent sth happening or being successful; oppose 使用武力以阻止某事物发生或取得成功; 抵抗; 对抗: He could resist no longer. 他再也抵 抗不住了. * resist an enemy, attack 抵抗敌人、进攻* He was charged with resisting arrest. 他被 控拒捕. 2 [I, Tn] regard (a plan, an idea, etc) unfavourably 抵制, 抗拒（计画、主张等）: resist the call for reform 抗拒实行改革的号召. 3 [Tn] be undamaged or unaffected by (sth) 不受（某事物） 的损害或影响; 抗; 耐: ovenware, glass, etc that resists heat 耐热的烤箱器皿、玻璃等 * resist corrosion, damp, frost, disease 抗腐蚀、防潮、防霜冻、防病. 4 [Tn, Tg] succeed in not yielding to (sth/sb) 不屈从（某事物[某人]）; 经得住: resist temptation, chocolate 经得起诱惑、忍住不吃 巧克力* Jill couldn't resist making jokes about his baldness. 吉尔忍不住拿他的秃顶开玩笑. resister n. person who resists 抵抗者; 对抗者: passive resisters 消极抵抗者. resistible adj. that can be resisted 可抵抗的; 可抗拒的. piece de resistance / 9pjes dE re5zIstB:ns; ?@ -9rezI5stB:ns; pi9ZsdErE9zi`stBns/ n (pl pieces de resistance /,pjes dE-; pi9ZsdE-/) (French 法) (a) (esp of creative work) the most important or impressive item （尤指创造性的工作）主要项目, 得意之作: The architect's piece de resistance was the City Opera House. 这位建筑师的最得意之作是市歌剧院. (b) (at a meal) the most impressive (usu the main) dish1(2) （一餐中的）主菜. resistance / rI5zIstEns; rI`zIstEns/ n 1 [U, sing] ~ (to sth/sb) (action of) using force to oppose sth/sb 抵抗; 对抗: break down, overcome, put an end to armedresistance 粉碎、战胜、停止武装抵抗 * The demonstratorsoffered little or no resistance to the police. 示威群众对警方没怎麽抵抗. * put up (a) passive resistance 进行消极抵抗. 2 [U, sing] ~ (to sth) influence or force that hinders or stops sth 起阻碍或阻止作用的力量; 阻力: The firm has to overcome its resistance to new technology. 这 家公司必须克服对采用新技术的阻力. * a low wind resistance, eg in the aerodynamic of planes, cars, etc 低风阻（如飞机、汽车等的空气动力学中者）. 3 [U, sing] ~ (to sth) power to remain undamaged or unaffected (or only slightly so) by sth 抵抗力; 抗力: the body's natural resistance to disease 身体对疾病的自然抵抗力* build up (a) resistance to infection 增强对传染病的抵抗力. 4 [U] (physics 物) (measure of the) property of not conducting heat or electricity 热阻; 电阻. 5 [U] ~ (to sth) desire to oppose sth; antagonism 反对; 抗拒; 抵制: make, offer, put up, etc resistance to the proposed changes 对改革建议进行抵制* The idea met with some resistance. 这种意见受到某 种抵制. * (commerce 商) market resistance, eg to a new product 市场抗拒（如对新产品）. 6 (often 常作the Resistance) [Gp] secret organization resisting the authorities, esp in a conquered or an enemy-occupied country 抵抗运动; （尤指在被征服或敌占区的）秘密抵抗组织: [attrib 作定语] a resistance fighter 地下军的战士. 7 (idm 习语) the line of least resistance => line1. resistant / rI5zIstEnt; rI`zIstEnt/ adj ~ (to sth) offering resistance 抵抗的; 对抗的; 抗拒的; 有阻力 的: insects that have become resistant to DDT 对滴滴涕已有抗药性的昆虫* a resistant strain of virus 病毒抵抗株* be resistant to change 抗拒变革. -resistant ( forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词): `water-/`heat-/`rust-resistant. resistor / rI5zIstE(r); rI`zIstL/ n device providing resistanceto electric current in a circuit 电阻器. resit / 9ri:5sIt; ri`sIt/ v (-tt-; pt, pp resat) [Tn] (Brit) sit (an examination or test) again, usu after failing 再行（考试或测验）; （通常指）补考. resit / 5ri:sIt; `risIt/ n second, etc sitting (of an examination or test) 重考; 补考: candidates for the September resit 参加九月份补考的考生. resolute / 5rezElu:t; `rZzE9lut/ adj ~ (in sth) having or showing great determination or firmness 坚决 的; 坚定的; 有决心的: a resolute refusal, approach, measure 断然的拒绝、坚决的手段、果断的 措施* be resolute in one's demands for peace 坚决要求和平. resolutely adv. resoluteness n. [U]. resolution / 9rezE5lu:Fn; 9rZzE`luFEn/ n 1 [U] quality of being resolute or firm; determination 坚 决; 坚定; 坚毅: show great resolution 表现得十分坚定* a man lacking in resolution 缺乏毅力的 人* His speech ended on a note of resolution. 他演讲结束时语调很坚决. 2 [C] decision or mental pledge to do or not to do sth; resolve 决定;决心: make, keep good resolutions 下定决心 * her resolution never to marry 她永远不嫁的决心* New Year resolutions, eg not to smoke in the new year ahead 新年伊始下的决心（如来年戒烟）. 3 [C] formal statement of opinion agreed on by a committee or assembly, esp by means of a vote 正式决定; 决议: pass, carry, adopt, reject a resolution 通过、赞同、采纳、否决一决议* a resolution in favour of/demanding better conditions 赞成[要求]改善环境的决议* a resolution that conditions should be improved 改善环境的决议. 4 [U] (fml 文) solution 解决; 解答: the resolution of a problem, question, difficulty, doubt, etc 难题、 问题、困难、疑问等的解决. 5 [U] ~ (into sth) process of separating sth or being separated into constituent parts 分解; 解析: the resolution of white light into the colours of the spectrum 将白色的 光分解成光谱的各种颜色. resolve / rI5zClv; rI`zBlv/ v (fml 文) 1 [Ipr, Tf, Tt] ~ on/upon/against sth/doing sth decide firmly; determine 决定; 决心: He resolved on/against (making) an early start. 他决定[反对]尽早出发. * She resolved that she would never see him again/never to see him again. 她决心不再见他. 2 [Tf, Tt] (of a committee or assembly) make a decision by a formal vote （指委员会或集会）表决: The senate resolved that... 参议院决议如下... * The union resolved to strike by 36 votes to 15. 工会以36 票对 15 票通过决议举行罢工. 3 [Tn] solve or settle (problems, doubts, etc) 解决（问题、疑问等）: resolve an argument, a difficulty, a crisis 解决争端、困难、危机* Her arrival did little to resolve the situation. 她来后也未能解决什麽问题. 4 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (into sth) separate (sth) into constituent parts 分解或解析（某物）: resolve a complex argument into its basic elements 将复杂的 论证内容分为若干要点* the resolving power of a lens, ie its ability to magnify things distinctly 透 镜的解像能力. resolvable adj. that can be solved or settled 可解决的; 可解答的. resolve n. (fml 文) 1 [C] thing one has decided to do; resolution(2) 决定要做的事; 决定; 决心: make a resolve not to smoke 决定不吸烟* show, keep, break one's resolve 表现出、持有、改变 决心. 2 [U] firmness ordetermination; resolution(1) 坚决; 坚定; 坚毅: be strong/weak in one's resolve 很[不]坚决* His opposition served only to strengthen our resolve. 他一反对反而增强了我 们的决心. resolved adj. [pred 作表语] (of a person) resolute or determined （指人）下定决心, 坚定: I was fully/firmly resolved to see him. 我打定主意要去见他. resonant / 5rezEnEnt; `rZzEnEnt/ adj 1 (of sound) continuing to echo; resounding （指声音）回响 的, 回荡的, 洪亮的: deep resonant notes, voices 深沉而洪亮的声调、声音. 2 (of rooms, bodies, etc) tending to prolong sounds, esp by vibration （指房间、物体等）激起回响的, 引起共鸣的, 产 生共振的: a resonant hall 产生共鸣的大厅* the resonant body of a guitar 吉他的共鸣腔. 3 ~ with sth (of places) resounding or echoing with sth （指处所）产生某种回响的, 回荡著某种声音的: Alpine valleys resonant with the sound of church bells. 回荡著教堂钟声的阿尔卑斯山谷. resonance / -Ens; -Ens/ n [U] quality of being resonant 回响; 回荡; 洪亮; 共鸣; 共振. resonantly adv. resonate / 5rezEneIt; `rZzE9net/ v [I] produce or show resonance 使起回声、共鸣或共振; 产生回 响、共鸣或共振. resonator / -tE(r); -tL/ n appliance or system for giving resonance to sound 共鸣器; 共鸣腔; 共振 器; 谐振腔. resort / rI5zR:t; rI`zRrt/ v [Ipr] 1 ~ to sth make use of sth for help; adopt sth as an expedient 求助于 或诉诸某事物; 采取某手段或方法应急或作为对策: If negotiations fail we shall have to resort to strike action. 假若谈判失败, 我们就采取罢工行动. * resort to violence, deception, trickery, etc 靠 暴力、欺骗、欺诈等. 2 [Tn] (fml 文) visit (a place) frequently or habitually; frequent 常去, 常 到（某处）: The police watched the bars which he was known to resort. 警方监视著他常去的酒吧. resort n. 1 [C] person or thing that is turned to for help; expedient 可求助的人或事物; 采取的应 急手段或对策: Our only resort is to inform the police. 我们唯一的办法就是向警方报案. 2 [U] ~ to sth resorting to sth 求助; 诉诸; 采取; 凭靠: talk calmly, without resort to threats 心平气和地说, 不取威胁手段. 3 [C] (a) popular holiday centre 度假胜地: seaside, skiing, health, etc resorts 海 滨、滑雪、休养等度假胜地* Brighton is a leading south coast resort. 布赖顿是南部地区最著名 的海滨胜地. (b) (US) hotel or guest-house for holiday-makers 专门接待度假者的旅店或宾馆. (idm 习语)a/one's last resort => last1. in the last resort => last1. resound / rI5zaUnd; rI`zaJnd/ v 1 [I, Ipr] (a) ~ (through/throughout sth) (of a sound, voice, etc) fill a place with sound; produce echoes （指声音等）回荡于某处, 产生回响: The organ resounded (through the church). 风琴的声音（在教堂里）回荡著. (b) ~ (with sth) (of a place) be filled with sound; echo （指某处）回荡著声音, 回响: The hall resounded with applause. 大厅里回荡著掌声. 2 [Ipr] ~ (throughout sth) (fig 比喻) (of fame, an event, etc) be much talked of; spread far and wide （指名声、事件等）被广为传颂, 广泛传播: Her name resounded throughout Europe. 她名扬全欧 洲. Cf 参看 reverberate. resounding adj. [attrib 作定语] 1 sounding orechoing loudly 鸣响的; 回响的; 回荡的; 响亮的: resoundingcheers, shouts, laughs 响亮的欢呼声、叫声、笑声. 2 (of an event, etc) notable; famous （指事件等）令人瞩目的, 闻名的: win a resounding victory 获得大胜* The film was/scored a resounding success. 那部电影十分成功. resoundingly adv. resource / rI5sR:s, also -5zR:s; ?@ 5ri:sR:rs; `risRrs/ n 1 [C usu pl 通常作复数] supply of raw materials, etc which bring a country, person, etc wealth 资源: rich in natural, mineral, agricultural, etc resources 自然的、矿产的、农业的...资源丰富* The mortgage is a drain on our financial resources. 偿还抵押借款是我们财务上的一大负担. * We agreed to pool our resources, ie available assets. 我们同意共用我们现成的资产. * Is there any resource that we have left untapped? 还有什 麽资源我们尚未发掘吗? 2 [C usu pl 通常作复数] thing that can be turned to for help, support or consolation when needed 必要时可给予帮助、支持或安慰的事物: He has no inner resources and hates being alone. 他没有内在的精神寄托, 因而害怕孤独. * An only child is often left to his own resources, ie left to amuse himself. 独生子女往往要自寻乐趣. * [attrib 作定语] a resource file, room, eg containing materials for teachers 资料库、室（如供教师使用者）. 3 [U] (fml 文) ingenuity or quick wit; initiative 才智; 机敏; 创造精神: a man of great resource 足智多谋的男子. resourceful / -fl; -fEl/ adj clever at finding ways of doing things 善于随机应变的; 机敏的; 办法 多的. resourcefully / -fElI; -fElI/ adv. resourcefulness n. [U]. respect / rI5spekt; rI`spZkt/ n 1 [U] ~ (for sb/sth) admiration felt or shown for a person or thing that has good qualities or achievements; regard 尊敬; 敬重; 钦敬: a mark, token, etc of respect 尊敬的 标志、表示等* have a deep, sincere, etc respect for sb 深深地、由衷地...敬重某人* I have the greatest respect for you/hold you in the greatest respect. 我非常尊敬您. * The new officer soon won/earned the respect of his men. 那新来的军官很快博得了士兵的钦敬. 2 [U] ~ (for sb/sth) politeness or consideration arising from admiration or regard 尊敬之表示; 尊重之情: Children should show respect for their teachers. 学生要尊敬老师. * Out of respect, he took off his hat. 他脱 帽以示敬意. * have some, little, no, etc respect for sb's feelings 相当、不太、毫不...尊重某人的 感情* With (all due) respect, sir, I disagree. 先生, 恕我直言, 我不能同意. 3 [U] ~ (for sb/sth) protection or recognition 维护; 承认; 尊重: very little respect for human rights 极不尊重人权. 4 [C] particular aspect or detail 方面; 著眼点: in this one respect 在这一点上 * in some/all/many/several/few respects 在某些[各个/许多/几个/极少]方面 * In what respect do you think the film is biased? 你认为影片在哪一方面失之偏颇? 5 (idm 习语) in respect of sth (fml or commerce 文或商) as regards sth; with special reference to sth 关于某事物; 就某方面而言: The book is admirable in respect of style. 这本书风格极佳. * price rises in respect of gas and water costs 煤气费和水费涨价. with respect to sth (fml or commerce 文或商) concerning sth 涉及、提到或关 于某事物: This is true with respect to English but not to French. 这一点在英语属实而在法语则不 同. * With respect to your enquiry, I enclose an explanatory leaflet. 关于你的询问, 兹附上有关说明 资料. respects n. [pl] (fml 文) 1 polite greetings 敬意; 问候: Give/send/offer him my respects. 代我向 他致意. 2 (idm 习语) pay one's respects => pay2. respect / rI5spekt; rI`spZkt/ v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (for sth) admire or have a high opinion of sb/sth (because of sth) （因某事物）尊敬或敬重某人[某事物]: I respect you for your honesty. 由于你为 人正直, 我对你十分敬重. 2 [Tn] show consideration for (sb/sth) 重视、考虑或尊重（某人[某事 物]）: respect sb's wishes, opinions, feelings, etc 尊重某人的意愿、意见、感情等 * respect the environment, eg by protecting it 重视环境问题（如保护环境）* People won't respect my (desire for) privacy. 大家都不顾及我（希望享有的）个人自由. 3 [Tn, Cn.n/a] ~ sth (as sth) avoid interfering with or harming sth; agree to recognize 不干预或不损害某事物; 承认某事物: respect sb's rights, privileges, etc 承认某人的权利、特权等* respect a treaty, contract, etc 遵守条约、合同等 * respect diplomatic immunity (eg of foreign embassy staff to British law) as valid 承认外交豁免权有 效. 4 [Tn] ~ oneself have proper respect for one's own character and behaviour 自重; 自尊: If you don't respect yourself, how can you expect others to respect you? 自己不自重, 又怎能受到别人尊 重呢? respecter n. (idm 习语) be no/not be any respecter of `persons treat everyone in the same way, without being influenced by their importance, wealth, etc 不问贫富贵贱, 一视同仁: Death is no respecter of persons. 死神不区分贫富贵贱. respecting prep. (fml 文) relating to (sth); concerning 关于, 至于（某事物）: laws respecting property 关于财产的法律* information respecting the child's whereabouts 关于那孩子的下落的 消息. respectable / rI5spektEbl; rI`spZktEbl/ adj 1 of acceptable social position; decent and proper in appearance or behaviour 体面的; 有身分的; 正派的; 值得尊敬的: a respectable married couple 一 对值得尊敬的夫妻* a respectable middle-class background, upbringing, etc 体面的中产阶级的出 身、正派人所受的教养* She looked perfectly respectable in her bathrobe at breakfast. 她用早餐时 穿著浴衣, 真够风雅的. * (ironic 反语) He's a bit too respectable (ie staid and conventional) for my tastes. 他老成持重未免过分, 我可不欣赏. 2 of a moderately good standard or size, etc; not bringing disgrace or embarrassment 达到一定标准或规模的; 不丢脸的: There was quite a respectable crowd at the match on Saturday. 星期六观看比赛的人相当多. * 20000 is a very respectable salary. 20000 英镑的薪金是非常可观的. * Hunt jumped a respectable round although his horse was unfit. 亨特的马状态欠佳, 但他纵马跳障碍这一轮还算不错. respectability / rI9spektE5bIlEtI; rI9spZktE`bIlEtI/ n [U] quality of being socially respectable; decency 名望; 体面; 得体. respectably / -EblI; -EblI/ adv in a respectable manner 体面地; 得体地; 可敬地; 相当地: respectably dressed, behaved, spoken, etc 衣著、举止、言语等得体的. respectful / rI5spektfl; rI`spZktfEl/ adj ~ (to/towards sb); ~ (of sth) feeling or showing respect 恭敬的; 表示尊敬或尊重的: listen in respectful silence 必恭必敬地静听著* stand at a respectful distance 表示尊敬地保持距离站著* respectful of other people's opinions 尊重他人的意见. respectfully / -fElI; -fElI/ adv. respectfulness n. [U]. respective / rI5spektIv; rI`spZktIv/ adj [attrib 作定语] of or for or belonging to each as an individual 各自的; 各个的; 分别的: They each excel in their respective fields. 他们在各自领域里都是出类拔 萃的. * After the party we all went off to our respective rooms. 聚会之后我们回到各自的房间. respectively adv separately or in turn, in the order mentioned 各自地; 分别地; 轮流地: German and Italian courses are held in Munich and Rome respectively. 德语和意大利语课程分别设于慕尼黑和罗马. respiration / 9respE5reIFn; 9rZspE`reFEn/ n 1 [C, U] (fml 文) (single act of) breathing air 呼吸; 一次呼吸: [attrib 作定语] respiration rate 呼吸率. 2 [U] plant's absorptionof oxygen and release of carbon dioxide （植物的）呼吸. respirator / 5respEreItE(r); `rZspE9retL/ n [C] 1 apparatusfor giving artificial respiration over a long period 人工呼吸器: put the patient on a respirator 给患者戴上人工呼吸器. 2 device worn over the nose and mouth to warm, filter or purify air before it is breathed 口罩; 呼吸保护罩; 防毒面具. respire / rI5spaIE(r); rI`spaIr/ v [I] 1 (fml 文) breathe air 呼吸: respire deeply 深呼吸. 2 (of plants) absorb oxygen and release carbon dioxide （指植物）呼吸. respiratory / rI5spaIErEtrI, 5respIrEtrI; ?@ -tR:rI; rI`spaIrE9tRrI/ adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] (medical 医) of or for breathing air 呼吸的; 呼吸用的: respiratory diseases, eg bronchitis, asthma 呼吸道疾病（如支气管炎、气喘）* respiratory organs, systems 呼吸器官、系统. respite / 5respaIt, 5respIt; `rZspIt/ n 1 [U, sing] ~ (from sth) interval of rest or relief 休息（时间）; 暂时的缓解或放松: longing for a moment of respite 恨不得歇会儿 * work without respite 不停地 工作* a brief, welcome respite 短暂的、愉快的休息* (a) respite from pain, worry, stress, etc 痛 苦、忧虑、压力等的暂时减轻. 2 [C] delay allowed before an obligation must be fulfilled or a penalty suffered; reprieve （义务的）暂缓履行; （刑罚的）缓期执行; 缓刑: grant sb a respite 准 予某人缓刑. resplendent / rI5splendEnt; rI`splZndEnt/ adj [usu pred 通常作表语] ~ (in sth) (fml 文) brilliant with colour or decorations; splendid 华丽灿烂; 辉煌: resplendent in coronation robes 身穿加冕礼服而 光彩夺目 * (ironic 反语) resplendent in her curlers and a face-pack 戴著发卷抹著美容霜而臭美 的. resplendence / -Ens; -Ens/ n [U]. resplendently adv. respond / rI5spCnd; rI`spBnd/ v [I, Ipr] 1 ~ (to sb/sth) (with sth) give a verbal or written answer （以 口头或书面方式）回答: She asked where he'd been, but he didn't respond. 她问他到什麽地方去了, 他却不回答. * She responded to my letter with a phone call. 她收到我的信, 给我回了个电话. 2 ~ (to sth) (with sth) act in answer to (sth) or because of the action of another; behave in a similar way （对某事物或对他人的行动）反应, 回应, 响应: He responded to my volley with a backhand, ie in tennis. 他反手一击把我截击的空中球打了回来（网球中）. * I kicked the dog, which responded by growling/with a growl. 我踢了那条狗, 它便狂吠起来. 3 ~ (to sb/sth) react quickly or favourably (to or because of sb/sth); be easily controlled (by sb/sth) （对某人[某事物]）反应灵敏; 易（为某人 [某事物]）控制: The car responds well to the controls. 这辆汽车操纵灵敏. * The patient did not respond to treatment. 病人经治疗后未见起色. * Animals respond to kindness. 动物受到善待能做 出反应. 4 ~ (to sb/sth) (of people at a churchservice) make the responses （指在教堂做礼拜的人） 应答. respondent / rI5spCndEnt; rI`spBndEnt/ n (law 律) defendant, esp in a divorce case 被告（尤指离婚 案的）. response / rI5spCns; rI`spBns/ n ~ (to sb/sth) 1 [C, U] answer 回答; 答覆: She made no response. 她没有回答. * In response to your inquiry... 兹答覆您的询问... * His accusations brought an immediate response. 他提出指控后迅即得到答覆. 2 [C, U] act or feeling produced in answer to a stimulus; reaction 反应; 响应: a poor, generous, united, etc response to the appeal for funds 对徵集 资金的呼吁反应甚微、积极响应、群起响应等* Her cries for help met with no, some, little, etc response. 她那求救的呼声没有激起任何、激起了一些、没有激起什麽... 反应. * The tax cuts produced a favourable response from the public. 税额削减受到了公众的欢迎. 3 [C usu pl 通常作 复数] (religion 宗) part of the liturgy said or sung by the people at a church service in answer to the priest （礼拜时会众对牧师的）应答, 唱和. Cf 参看 versicle. responsibility / rI9spCnsE5bIlEtI; rI9spBnsE`bIlEtI/ n 1 [U] ~ (for sb/sth) being responsible or accountable 责任; 负责: a position of real, great, major, etc responsibility 负实际的、很大的、主 要的...责任的职务* have, showa sense of responsibility 有、显示出责任感 * take, assume,accept, bear full responsibility for the consequences 对后果承担全部责任* The manufacturers disclaim all responsibility for damage caused by misuse. 使用不当而造成的损坏, 生产厂家不负任何责任. [C] ~ (to sb) commitment or duty for which a person is responsible 职责; 任务; 义务: Our business is a joint/shared responsibility. 我们的公司实行共同责任制. * It's my responsibility to lock the doors. 我负责锁门. * the various responsibilities of the post 这一职位的多种责任. responsible / rI5spCnsEbl; rI`spBnsEbl/ adj 1 [pred 作表语] ~ (for sb/sth); ~ (for doing sth) legally or morally obliged, eg to take care of sb/sth or to carry out a duty, and liable to be blamed if one fails （在法律上或道义上）须负责任, 承担责任: All pilots are responsible for their passengers' safety. 凡是飞机驾驶员均应对乘客的安全负责. * I am wholly/partly responsible for the confusion. 我对 此混乱情况负有全部[部分]责任. * You must make yourself personally responsible for paying these bills. 你应该个人支付这些帐. 2 [pred 作表语] ~ to sb/sth having to account for one's actions to an authority or a superior 对自己的行动向主管者或上级承担责任: be directly/indirectly responsible to the President 直接[间接]向总统负责. 3 [pred 作表语] ~ (for sth) answerable for one's behaviour 应对自己的行为负责: A drunk man cannot be held/considered fully responsible for his actions. 醉汉 不能为其行为负全部责任. 4 (a) (of people) capable of being relied on; trustworthy （指人）可靠 的, 可信赖的: behave like responsible citizens, adults, committee members 做有责任心的公民、成 年人、委员* She is very responsible for (ie considering that she is) a six-year-old. 对于六岁的孩子 来说, 她算是很靠得住的. Cf 参看irresponsible. (b) [esp attrib 尤作定语] (of jobs, etc) needing sb who can be relied on; involving important duties （指工作等）需可靠的人来做的; 责任重大的: a highly responsible position, appointment, role 极其重要的职位、职务、职责. 5 [pred 作表语] ~ (for sth) being the cause (of sth) 作为（某事物的）原因; 应归咎或归功（于某事物）: Who's responsible for this mess? 是谁弄得这麽乱? * Smoking is responsible for many cases of lung cancer. 吸烟是许多人患肺癌的致病因素. responsibly / -EblI; -EblI/ adv in a rational or trustworthy way 明事理地; 合乎理性地; 可信赖地: act, behave responsibly 行动、行事靠得住. responsive / rI5spCnsIv; rI`spBnsIv/ adj 1 ~ (to sb/sth) (a) responding warmly or favourably; sympathetic 反应热烈的或良好的; 赞同的; 支持的: a responsive class, audience, etc 积极应答的 班级、反应很热烈的观众* be responsive to suggestions, ideas, criticisms, etc 对建议、意见、批 评等表示欢迎. (b) [usu pred 通常作表语] reacting quickly or favourably; easily controlled 反应灵 敏; 易受控制: These brakes should be more responsive. 这些制动器应该更灵敏些. * a flu virus that is not responsive to treatment 不易治疗的流感病毒* a horse responsive to the needs of its rider 很好骑的马. 2 [esp attrib 尤作定语] given or made as an answer 回答的; 应答的: a responsive smile, gesture, wink, etc 表示回应的微笑、手势、眨眼等. responsively adv. responsiveness n. [U]. rest / rest; rZst/ v 1 (a) [I, Ipr] ~ (from sth) be still or asleep; stop moving or working, esp in order to regain one's strength 静止; 睡眠; 停止活动或工作; （尤指）休息: lie down and rest (for) an hour after lunch 午饭后躺下休息一小时* resting from our exertions, efforts, etc 劳作、工作后休息一 下 * (fig 比喻) He will never rest (ie never have peace of mind) until he knows the truth. 他不获真 相是不会安心的. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] cause or allow (sth/sb) to do this 使或让（某物[某人]）静止、睡 眠或休息: You should rest your eyes after a lot of reading. 长时间阅读后应该让眼睛休息一下. * Sit down and rest your legs. 坐下歇歇腿儿吧. * Are you rested enough to go on? 你是否歇够了可 以接著干了? 2 [Ipr, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) on/against sth lie or be placed on/against sth for support 躺或倚 靠在某物上; 靠某物支撑: Her elbows rested/She rested her elbows on the table. 她的肘部[她把肘 部]靠在桌子上. * Rest the ladder against the wall. 把梯子靠在墙上. 3 [Ipr] ~ on sb/sth depend or rely on sb/sth 依靠或依赖某人[某事物]: British hopes of a medal rested on Ovett. 英国把获得奖牌 的希望寄托在奥维特的身上. 4 [Ipr] ~ on sb/sth (of a look, etc) be directed steadily at sb/sth （指目 光等）停留在某人[某物]上: His gaze/eyes rested on her face. 他双眼凝视著她的脸. 5 [I] (fml 文) (of a subject under discussion) be left without further investigation or pursuit （指问题的探讨）中止: let the matter, topic, affair, etc rest 使事情、话题、事务等到此为止* The matter cannot rest there I demand an apology. 事情不能就此罢了--我要求向我道歉. 6 [I, Tn] (esp law 尤用于法律) conclude (one's case); have no more to say about (sth) 停止（举证）; 自动停止陈述（某事）: The defence rests. 被告陈述完毕. * I rest my case. 本人对案情陈述完毕. 7 [I] (euph or fig 婉或比喻) be buried 长眠; 安息: May he rest (ie lie in his grave) in peace. 愿他安息. 8 [I, Tn] (cause land to) be free from disturbance, etc （使土地）休耕: Let this field rest/Rest this field for a year. 让这块田 地休耕一年. 9 (idm 习语) rest assured (that...)(fml 文) be certain that... 放心...: You may rest assured that everything possible is being done. 你尽管放心, 正在尽力把一切都做好. rest on one's `laurels (esp derog 尤作贬义) stop trying to achieve further successes; become complacent 满足于既 有的成绩而不思进取; 自满. 10 (phr v) rest on sth (no passive 不用于被动语态) be based on sth 建立在某事物的基础上; 基于某事物: His fame rests more on his plays than on his novels. 他出名 是靠他的戏剧, 并不是靠小说. * an argument, a claim, a theory, etc resting on a false assumption 根 据凭空设想而提出的论点、要求、理论等. rest with sb (to do sth) (fml 文) be sb's responsibility (to do sth) （做某事）是某人的责任: The choice rests entirely with you. 这完全由你来选择. * It rests with the committee to decide. 这事要由委员会来决定. resting-place n. (euph 婉) grave 安息处; 坟墓: His last resting-place is on that hill. 他的长眠处 就在那座山上. rest / rest; rZst/ n 1 [C, U] ~ (from sth) (period of) sleep or inactivity as a way of regaining one's strength 睡眠或休息（的时间）: have a good night's rest 睡一宿好觉 * stop for a well-earned/-deserved rest 停下来该好好休息一下* have/take a rest from all your hard work 放下 繁重的工作休息一下* get some, no, more, etc rest 稍事、得不到、再多...休息（一下） * Sunday is a day of rest. 星期日休息. =>Usage at break2 用法见break2. 2 [C] (often in compounds 常用 以构成复合词) support for an object; prop 支承物; 支撑物; 支架; 支座; 托; 台: a rest for a billiard cue, telescope, telephone receiver 台球杆的搁架、望远镜的支架、电话听筒的托架 * an `arm-, `head-, `foot-rest 扶手、头枕、搁脚物. 3 [C] (music 音) (sign making an) interval of silence between notes 休止（符）: The trumpets have six bars' rest. 小号有六小节休止. =>illus at music 见music 插图. 4 (idm 习语) at `rest (a) not moving 静止; 不动. (b) free from trouble or anxiety 安宁: (euph 婉) be/lie at rest (ie be buried) in a country churchyard 安息在乡间的教堂墓地 里. come to `rest (of a moving object) stop moving （指运动中的物体）停止, 不再移动: The mine finally came to rest on the sea bed. 那水雷最后沉入海底. lay sb to `rest (euph 婉) bury sb 安葬某 人: She was laid to rest beside her late husband. 她安葬在亡夫的墓旁. put/set sb's mind at ease/rest => mind1. restful / -fl; -fEl/ adj ~ (to sb/sth) giving (a feeling of) rest 让人得到休息的; 令人有宁静感的: a restful Sunday afternoon 可以好好休息一下的星期日下午* Pastel colours are restful to the eye. 清淡柔和的颜色可以养目. restfully / -fElI; -fElI/ adv. restfulness n. [U]. rest area, rest stop ( US) = lay-by. rest-cure n. long period of rest, usu in bed, as medical treatment for stress, anxiety, etc 休养疗法（通 常须卧床, 用以治疗因紧张、焦急等所致的疾病）. rest-day n. day spent resting, esp during an internationalcricket match 休息日（尤指国际板球赛期 间的）. rest-home n. place where old or convalescent people are cared for 养老院; 疗养院. rest-room n. (US euph 婉) public lavatory in eg a theatre, store 盥洗室, 洗手间, 公共厕所（如剧 院、商店内的）. =>Usage at toilet 用法见 toilet. rest / rest; rZst/ n the ~ (of sth) 1 [sing] the remaining part; the remainder of some amount 剩余部分; 其余: the rest of the world, my life, her money 世界的其他地方、我的余生、她剩下的钱 * watch the rest of a film 观看一部影片的剩余部分* Take what you want and throw the rest away. 把你要 的拿走, 剩下的扔掉. 2 [pl v] the remaining individuals or number; the others 其余的人或数目; 其他人; 其他事物: While we play tennis what will the rest of you do? 我们打网球, 你们其余的人 做什麽呢? * Her hat was red, like the rest of her clothes. 她的帽子是红色的, 跟她衣服的颜色一样. 3 (idm 习语) for the `rest (fml 文) as far as other matters are concerned; apart from that 至于其他; 除此之外: Ensure that our traditional markets are looked after; for the rest, I am not much concerned. 一定要满足我们传统市场的需要, 其他方面倒无所谓. rest NOTE ON USAGE 用法: When speaking about who or what remains from an original total, we use the rest or (more formal) the remainder 表示在原有总体中剩下的人或事物, 可用the rest, 在 较庄重场合可用the remainder: Some boys stay on after school; the rest/remainder (of them) go home. 放学后总有些男孩子不走, 其余的人回家. * The rest/remainder of the time was spent swimming. 剩下的时间用来游泳. If something has been partly used or destroyed, we use remains or remnants. 若某物的一部分已用掉或毁掉, 其剩余或残存部分可用 remains 或remnants 表示. Of food left-overs is often used 若为食物, 则多用left-overs: The remains/remnants/left-overs of the meal (ie the bits of food left uneaten) were fed to the dog. 剩饭喂狗了. Remains is also used of old buildings or dead bodies *remains 还可指古旧建筑物或尸体: the remains of an old castle 古堡的废墟 * human remains 人的遗体. A relic is a historical object and reminder of the past. *relic 指历史遗物、 遗迹以及纪念物品. A residue is what is left after a process, especially a chemical one, has taken place. *residue 指某一过程（尤指化学反应）的残余物. There is a green residue in the bottom of the test tube. 试管底部有绿色的沉淀. In a mathematical calculation the remainder (in arithmetic) or the balance (in accounting) is the amount left after subtraction or division. 在数学计算中remainder 指 （算术中的）差数或余数, balance 指（会计学中的）余额或差额. poste restante / 9pEUst 5restB:nt; ?@ re5stAnt; 9postrZs`tBnt/ (US also general delivery) department in a post office where letters for a person may be sent and kept until he collects them （邮局的）邮件 待领处. restate / 9ri:5steIt; ri`stet/ v [Tn] state (sth) again or in a different way 重述或以另一方式重申（某事 物）: restate one's position, case, argument, etc 重新阐述立场、情况、论点等. restatement n. [C, U]: make a restatement of current policy 重申现行的政策. restaurant / 5restrCnt; ?@ -tErEnt; `rZstErEnt/ n public place where meals can be bought and eaten 餐 馆; 饭店. Cf 参看 cafe. restaurateur / 9restErE5t\:(r); 9rZstErE`t[/ (US also restauranteur / -tErEn-; -tErEn-/) n (fml 文) manager or owner of a restaurant 餐馆的经理或老板. restaurant car ( Brit) = dining-car (dine). restitution / 9restI5tju:Fn; ?@ -5tu:-; 9rZstE`tuFEn/ n [U] ~ (to sb/sth) 1 (fml 文) restoration of a thing to its proper owner or original state （物之）归还原主; （事物之）恢复原状: restitution of the deeds to the owner 契据归还原主* the full restitution of property, conjugal rights, diplomatic status 财产的全部归还、婚姻权的完全恢复、外交地位的完全恢复. 2 (law 律) reparation, esp in the form of money, for injury, etc （对损害等的）赔偿, 补偿（尤指用钱）: make restitution for the damage done 赔偿所造成的损失. restive / 5restIv; `rZstIv/ adj 1 restless or uneasy 焦躁不安的; 不安宁的: Another hour passed and the crowd grew/became restive. 又过了一个小时, 人们有些不耐烦了.2 (esp of horses) resisting control, esp by refusing to move forwards or by moving sideways or backwards （尤指马）难驾驭的, （尤指）不肯前行的, 逡巡不前的. restively adv: move, shuffle, fiddle about restively 焦急地走来走去、踱来踱去、荡来荡去. restiveness n. [U]. restless / 5restlIs; `rZstlIs/ adj 1 constantly moving 运动不止的: the restless motion of the sea 大海 的不停的翻腾. 2 unable to be still or quiet, esp because of boredom, impatience, anxiety, etc 静不 下来的, 不能安宁的（尤指因厌烦、烦躁、焦虑等）: The audience was becoming restless. 观众 渐渐地不耐烦了. * The children grew restless with the long wait. 孩子们等了很久便著急了. * After only a month in the job, he felt restless and decided to leave. 那工作他只干了一个月就厌倦了, 决定不干了. 3 without rest or sleep 得不到休息或睡眠的: spend/pass/have a restless night 度过 一个不眠之夜. restlessly adv: The wind moved restlessly through the trees. 风不停地吹过树林. * The lion paced restlessly up and down in its cage. 狮子在笼子里不安地来回走动. restlessness n. [U]. restock / 9ri:5stCk; ri`stBk/ v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) fill sth with new or different things to replace those used, sold, etc 补充新的或他种物品以替换用掉、售出...之物品; 补足货源: restock the freezer for Christmas 把新食物装入冰箱冷冻室为圣诞节做准备* restock the library shelves with new books 进一些新书补充到图书馆的书架上* restock a lake/river with trout 在湖[河]里再 放养一些鳟鱼. 2 [Tn] take (a supply of sth) again, eg after an interval 补充（供应物）（如隔一段 时间后）: restock the dictionary in its new edition 重新购置该词典的新版本. restoration / 9restE5reIFn; 9rZstE`reFEn/ n 1 [U] ~ (to sb/sth) return of sth lost, etc to its owner （遗 失等物的）归还原主: the restoration of stolen property, goods, etc 失窃财物、物品等的归还. 2 [U] ~ (to sth) restoring or being restored to a former place or condition 回复到原处或原状; 恢复: the restoration of the Elgin marbles to Greece 埃尔金大理石雕塑品的交还给希腊* her restoration to complete health 她的完全康复* the restoration of order after the riots 骚乱之后秩序的恢复. 3 [U, C] ~ (to sb/sth) reintroduction of sth, eg after it has lapsed or been withdrawn 重新采用, 恢复 （如消失或取消后）: the restoration of old customs 旧习俗的恢复* We demand an immediate restoration of our right to vote. 我们要求立即恢复我们的选举权. 4 [C, U] (example of the) work of restoring a ruined building, work of art, etc to its original condition （损坏的建筑物、艺术品等 的）修复, 整修: undergo a lengthy process of restoration 经过漫长的修复过程* The palace is closed during restorations/for restoration. 宫殿于整修期间[因整修]停止开放. * [attrib 作定语] the museum restoration fund 整修博物馆的资金* (a) full/complete restoration of the damaged painting, vase, mosaic, etc 受到损坏的画、花瓶、镶嵌画等的完全修复. 5 [C] building formerly ruined and now rebuilt; reconstruction （毁坏后重建的）建筑物; 重建: The castle is largely a restoration, ie little of the original is left. 该城堡大部分是重建的. 6 [C] model representing the supposed form of an extinct animal, a ruined building, etc （绝种动物、已毁建筑物等的）模型: a restoration of an Iron-Age cave dwelling 模拟铁器时代穴居生活的洞穴. 7 theRestoration [sing] (period following) the re-establishmentof the monarchy in Britain in 1660, when Charles II became king （1660 年英王 查理二世的）王政复辟（时期）: [attrib 作定语] Restoration comedy, poetry 王政复辟时期的喜剧、 诗. restorative / rI5stR:rEtIv; rI`stRrEtIv/ adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] tending to restore health and strength 有助于恢复健康和体力的: restorative drugs, exercises, tonics 促进健康恢复的药物、运动、滋 补品* the restorative powers of sea air 海上空气可使人恢复体力的作用. restorative n. [C, U] restorative food, medicine or treatment 有助于恢复健康或体力的食物、药品 或疗法: The brandy acted as a restorative. 喝白兰地酒消除了疲劳. restore / rI5stR:(r); rI`stRr/ v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sb/sth) (fml 文) give back (sth lost, etc) to its owner 将（某失物等）归还原主: Police restored the stolen jewels to the showroom. 警方将被盗的 珠宝交还给了陈列室. 2 (a) [Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth to sth bring sb/sth back to a former place or position 使 某人[某物]回复到原处或原位: restore sacked workers to their old jobs 使被解雇的工人复工 * restore an officer to his command 恢复一军官的指挥权 * (fml 文) He restored the dictionary to the shelf. 他把词典放回到书架上. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (to sth); ~ sth (to sb) bring sb/sth back to a former condition 使某人[某物]恢复原先的状况: restore my health/me to health 使我恢复健康 * restore sb's beauty, sight, confidence, etc 恢复某人的姿色、视力、信心等* The brandy fully/completely restored him. 他喝了白兰地酒以后完全恢复了体力. * Law and order were quickly restored after the riots. 骚乱过后很快恢复了治安. * The deposed chief was restored (to power/to his throne). 废 黜的酋长重新掌了权. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) bring sth back into use, eg after it has lapsed or been withdrawn 重新采用某事物（如终止或取消后）: restore ancient traditions, rights, ceremonies, etc 恢复古已有之的传统、权利、礼仪等* restore old laws, taxes, charges, etc 恢复旧时的法律、 税制、收费等* Our Christmas bonus should be restored. 我们发圣诞节赠金的做法应予恢复. 4 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sth) rebuild or repair (a ruined building, work of art, etc) so that it is like the original 重建或修复（被毁之建筑物、艺术品等）: restore a Roman fort, a vintage car, an oil painting, a china vase, etc 修复罗马的要塞、老式汽车、油画、瓷花瓶等* The mill was restored to full working order. 这工厂已完全恢复生产. Cf 参看 renovate. restorer n. (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) [C] (a) person who restores (restore 4) things 做 修复工作的人: picture, furniture restorers 修复画、家具的人. (b) [C, U] substance, etc that restores (restore 2b) things 用以恢复原状的物质; 恢复剂: hair-restorer, ie to cure baldness 生发剂. restrain / rI5streIn; rI`stren/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth(from sth/doing sth) hold back sb/sth from movementor action; keep sb/sth under control or in check 抑制或遏制某人[某事物]; 管制; 约束: restrain one's anger, laughter, tears 抑制住愤怒、笑声、眼泪 * restrain one's natural urges, impulses, etc 克制住欲望、冲动等* I must learn to restrain myself, eg not say what I think. 我得 学会约束自己. * The police had difficulty in restraining the crowd from rushing on to the pitch. 警方 难以阻止人群涌入球场. restrained adj. keeping one's feelings, language or behaviour in check; controlled （感情、言语或 行为）克制的, 节制的, 受到控制的: a restrained rebuke, protest, discussion 有节制的斥责、抗议、 讨论* He was furious, but his manner was very restrained. 他十分恼火, 但在态度上却很能克制. restraint / rI5streInt; rI`strent/ n (fml 文) 1 [U] restraining or being restrained 抑制; 遏制; 管制; 约束: submit to/break loose from restraint 忍受[摆脱]束缚 * The child's affections were kept under/suffered continualrestraint. 那孩子的感情一直受到压抑. 2 [C] ~ (on sb/sth) thing that checks or controls; restriction 起遏制作用的事物; 管制措施; 约束力: the restraints on the family budget of a limited income 有限的收入对家庭开支预算的约束 * throw off the restraints of convention 打破常规* impose restraints on wage settlements 对工资的协议加以限制. 3[U] ~ (in sth) avoidance of exaggeration or excess; moderation 克制; 节制; 适度: He showed/exercised considerable restraint in not suing for a divorce. 他极力克制自己, 不提出离婚诉讼. 4 (idm 习语) without re`straint without control; freely 无拘无束地; 自由地: talk, weep without restraint 畅谈、 痛哭. restrict / rI5strIkt; rI`strIkt/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (to sth) put a limit on sb/sth 限制或约束某人[某事 物]: Fog restricted visibility. 雾天能见度很低. * measures restricting one's freedom, authority, rights 限制自由、权力、权利的措施* Speed is restricted to 30 mph in towns. 市内车速每小时不得超 过30 英里. * families restricted to (having) one child 受限制只能有一个孩子的家庭 * restrict oneself to one meal a day 限制自己一天吃一顿饭* You are restricted to eight litres of duty-free wine. 携带的免税酒不得超过八升. restricted adj. 1 having certain limitations 有一定限制的; 有限的; 受约束的: restricted access, development,potential 受限制的接触、发展、潜力* The drug has only a restricted commercial use. 这种麻醉药用作商品是极受限制的. * (Brit) a restricted area, ie where speed or parking is strictly controlled 车速或停车限制区. 2 [esp attrib 尤作定语] (a) (Brit) (of land) not fully open to the public （指土地）对公众不完全开放的: enter a restricted zone 进入禁区. (b) (esp US) (of land) not fully open to military personnel （指土地）对军人不完全开放的. restriction / rI5strIkFn; rI`strIkFEn/ n 1 [U] restricting or being restricted 限制; 约束: restriction of expenditure 对开支的限制. 2 [C esp pl 尤作复数] ~ (on sth) instance of this; law, etc that restricts 限制; 约束; 限制性规定: raise, lift, ban, abolish, etc a restriction 撤消限制 * place, impose, enforce, etc a restriction 实行限制* speed, price, import, etc restrictions 速度、价格、进 口等限制* There are currency restrictions on the sums allowed for foreign travel. 到国外旅行允许 携带的款额有所限制. * The sale of firearms is subject to many legal restrictions. 出售枪枝受到许 多法律限制. restrictive / rI5strIktIv; rI`strIktIv/ adj 1 restricting 限制（性）的; 约束（性）的: restrictive rulings, measures, etc 限制性的规定、措施等. 2 (grammar) of a relative clause or phrase that limits or defines the noun which it follows 限制性的: `My friends who live in London' contains a restrictive clause; `my parents, who live in Leeds' does not. *my friends who live in London 这一结构中含有限 制性从句; my parents, who live in Leeds 这一结构中无限制性成分. restrictively adv. restrictiveness n. [U]. restrictive practices ( Brit) (in industry) practices that hinder the most effective use of labour, technical resources, etc and hamper efficient production （工业方面的）限制性条条框框（妨碍有 效利用劳动力、技术资源等阻碍提高生产效率的做法）. restructure / 9ri:5strQktFE(r); 9ri`strQktFL/ v [Tn] give a new or different structure or arrangement to (sth) 重建, 改建, 重组, 改组, 重新安排（某事物）: restructure an organization, a proposal, the plot of a novel 改组组织、调整计画、重新安排小说的情节. restructuring n. [U, C usu sing 作不可数名词或可数名词, 后者通常作单数]: The rating system is undergoing some/a complete restructuring. 房地产税制正在进行某些[全面的]调整. result / rI5zQlt; rI`zQlt/ n 1 (a) [C, U] ~ (of sth) effect or outcome (of sth) 结果; 效果: The flight was delayed as a result of fog. 因有雾该航班误点. * His limp is the result of an accident. 他腿瘸是 事故所致. * (fml 文) I was late, with the result that (ie so that) I missed my train. 我迟到了, 没能赶 上火车. * All our hard work produced little or no result. 我们辛苦努力无甚结果. * My investigations were without result. 我的调查毫无结果. (b) results [pl] significant and pleasing outcome 成果; 成效: That trainer knows how to get results from his horses. 那个驯马师掌握行之 有效的驯马技巧. * begin to show, produce,achieve results 开始显示、产生、获得成果. 2 [C] (a) (esppl 尤作复数) ~ (of sth) statement of the score, marks or name of the winner in a sporting event or a competition or an examination, etc （运动、竞赛、考试等的）结果, 比分, 成绩, 优胜者: `football, racing, etc results 足球比赛、速度竞赛等的结果* have good/bad exam results 考试成 绩优良[不佳] * The result of the match was a draw. 比赛结果不分胜负. * announce the results of an election 宣布选举结果. (b) (esp sing 尤作单数) (Brit infml 口) (esp in football) win （尤指足球比 赛）获胜, 赢: We desperately need a result from this match. 这场比赛我们务必获胜. 3 [C] answer to a mathematical problem, etc found by calculation （数学问题等通过计算而获得的）答案. result / rI5zQlt; rI`zQlt/ v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (from sth) occur as a result(1a) （因而）发生, 产生, 出现: injuries resulting from a fall 因摔倒而受的伤. 2 (phr v) result in sth have a specified effect or consequence 产生某种作用或结果: Our efforts resulted in success/failure. 我们的努力终于成功[失 败]了. * The talks resulted in reducing the number of missiles/missile reduction. 谈判结果削减了导 弹数量. resultant / -Ent; -Ent/ adj [attrib 作定语] (fml 文) happening as a result or consequence 因而发生 的; 必然产生的: the resultant profit from reducing staff and increasing sales 因裁员和增加销量而 获得的收益. resume / rI5zju:m; ?@ -5zu:m; rI`zum/ v (fml 文) 1 [I,Tn, Tg] begin (sth) again or continue (sth) after stoppingfor a time 重新开始（某事物）; （停顿后）继续进行（某事物）: Hostilities resumed after the cease-fire. 停火过后, 战事再度爆发. * resume a flight, voyage, trip, etc 继续飞行、航海、 旅行等* resume (one's) work, efforts, labours, etc 重新开始工作、努力、劳动等 * Resume reading where you left off. 从停下的地方接著往下读吧. 2 [Tn] take or occupy (sth) again 重新得 到或占有（某事物）: She resumed her maiden name after the divorce. 她离婚后重新使用娘家的姓. * resume one's seat, ie sit down again 重新坐下* resume possession of a title 恢复头衔. resume / 5rezju:meI; ?@ 9rezU5meI; 9rZzJ`me/ n 1 summary 摘要; 概要: give a resume of the evidence, plot, meeting 作证言的摘要、情节的梗概、会议的纪要. 2 (US) = curriculum vitae (curriculum). resumption / rI5zQmpFn; rI`zQmpFEn/ n [U, sing] (fml 文) (instance of) resuming (resume 1) （停顿 后的）重新开始, 继续进行; 重新取得或占有; 恢复: no immediate resumption of building work 建 筑施工没有立即恢复* a resumption of hostilities, activites, negotiations 战事、活动、谈判的重 新开始. resurface / 9ri:5s\:fIs; ri`s[fIs/ v 1 [Tn] put a newsurface on (a road, etc) 给（路等）铺设新路面: resurfacingwork on the motorway 高速公路更新路面的作业. 2 [I] come to the surface again 重新 升至表面; 重新露面: The submarine resurfaced. 潜艇重新浮出水面. * (fig 比喻) Old prejudices began to resurface. 旧的偏见又冒了出来. resurgent / rI5s\:dVEnt; rI`s[dVEnt/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (fml 文) rising or reviving after destruction, defeat, disappearance, etc 复苏的; 复兴的; 恢复生机或活力的: a resurgent economy 复苏的经济* resurgent hope, nationalism 重新燃起的希望、重新抬头的民族主义. resurgence / -Ens; -Ens/ n [U, sing]: a sudden resurgence of interest in Victorian art 对维多利亚时 代的艺术重新激发起的兴趣. resurrect / 9rezE5rekt; 9rZzE`rZkt/ v [Tn] (usu fig 通常作比喻) 1 bring (sb) back to life again 使 （某人）复活: That noise is enough to resurrect the dead! 那噪音都能把死人吵活! 2 revive (a practice, etc); bring back into use 使（某种做法）复兴; 重新使用: resurrect old customs, habits, traditions, etc 恢复旧的习俗、习惯、传统等 * (joc 谑) resurrect an old dress from the sixties 让 六十年代的旧式连衣裙起死回生. resurrection / 9rezE5rekFn; 9rZzE`rZkFEn/ n 1 the Resurrection [sing] (religion 宗) (a) the rising of Jesus from the tomb 耶稣复活. (b) the rising of all the dead at the Last Judgement （最后审判日） 所有死者之复活. 2 [U, sing] (fml fig 文, 比喻) revival after disuse, inactivity, etc 恢复使用、活 动等: a resurrection of hope 希望的复萌. resuscitate / rI5sQsIteIt; rI`sQsE9tet/ v [Tn] (fml 文) bring (sb/sth) back to consciousness 使（某人 [某物]）恢复知觉; 苏醒: resuscitate a boy rescued from drowning 使溺水获救的男孩苏醒过来. resuscitation / rI9sQsI5teIFn; rI9sQsE`teFEn/ n [U]: their efforts/attempts at resuscitation 他们为使 人苏醒过来而做的努力[尝试]. ret (also retd) abbr. 缩写 = 1 retired. 2 returned. retail / 5ri:teIl; `ritel/ n [U] selling of goods, which are usu not for resale, in small quantities to the general public 零售; 零卖: outlets (ie shops) for the retail of leather goods 皮革制品零售店 * [attrib 作定语] retail businesses, traders 零售生意、零售商* manufacturer's recommended retail price 9.99 厂家建议的零售价格为9.99 英镑* the retail price index, ie the record of average retail prices 零售价格指数. Cf 参看 wholesale. retail adv by retail 零售: Do you buy wholesale or retail? 你是整批买还是零买? retail v. 1 [Ipr, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) at/for sth be sold or sell (sth) retail at (a price) 以（某价格）零售（某 物）: These biros retail at/for 70p. 这些圆珠笔零售价为70 便士. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) (fml 文) give (details of gossip, scandal, etc) to others, usu repeatedly 传播（闲话、流言蜚语等）（通常指 屡次地）. retailer n. tradesman who sells by retail 零售商. retain / rI5teIn; rI`ten/ v [Tn] (esp fml 尤作文雅语) 1 keep (sth) in one's possession or use 保持或 保留（某物）: We retained the original fireplace when we decorated the room. 我们装修房间时保留 了原有的壁炉. 2 continue to have (sth); not lose 仍然有（某事物）; 未丧失; 保住: Despite losing his job he retains his pension. 他虽然失去了工作, 但仍然享有养老金. * These roses retain their scent. 这些玫瑰花仍有余香. * He is 90 but still retains (the use of) all his faculties. 他已90 高龄, 但身体功能都很好. * The police retained control of the situation. 警方仍然控制著局势. 3 keep (sth) in one's memory 记住（某事物）: be able to retain numbers, dates, facts, etc 能记住数目、日 期、事实等* She retains a clear impression/memory of the incident. 她对那件事印象很深[记得很 清楚]. 4 keep (sth) in place; hold or contain 止住（某物）; 保持; 容纳: A dyke was built to retain the floods. 修了一道堤坝挡住洪水. * Clay soil retains water. 黏土能保持水分. 5 (law 律) book the services of (esp a barrister) by making a payment 付定金聘请（尤指讼务律师）: a retaining fee 聘用定金. retainer n. 1 fee paid to sb (esp a barrister) in advance for services as and when one may need them 聘用定金（尤指预付给讼务律师的）: [attrib 作定语] a retainer agreement 预付聘用费的协议. 2 reduced rent paid to reserve a flat, etc for one's use while one is absent from it （为外出期间保留租房 等而付的）定金.3 (arch 古) servant, esp one who has been with a family or person for a long time 仆 人（尤指服务多年的）: (joc 谑) an old family retainer 老家仆. retaining wall wall built to support a mass of earth or to confine water 挡土墙; 挡水墙; 拥壁. retake / 9ri:5teIk; ri`tek/ v (pt retook / -5tUk; -`tJk/, pp retaken / -5teIkEn; -`tekEn/) [Tn] 1 capture (sth) again 再拿, 再取, 夺回（某物）: retake a fortress, ship, town 夺回要塞、轮船、城市. 2 photograph or film (sth) again 重拍（照片、影片等）: retake a shot, scene, etc 重拍一个镜头、场 面等. 3 sit (an examination, etc) again; resit 重新（考试等）; 补考: retake the physics paper 补考 物理. retake / 5ri:teIk; `ri9tek/ n (infml 口) 1 second, etc filming of a scene （电影镜头的）重拍: do several retakes 多次重拍. 2 (person attending a) second, etc sitting of an examination; resit 重考; 补考; 参加重考或补考的人. retaliate / rI5tAlIeIt; rI`tAlI9et/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (against sb/sth) repay an injury, insult, etc with a similar one 报复: He slapped his sister, who retaliated by kicking him. 他打了妹妹一巴掌, 他妹妹回敬他 一脚. * If we impose import duties, other countries may retaliate against us. 我们若徵收进口税, 别 的国家就可能报复我们. retaliation / rI9tAlI5eIFn; rI9tAlI`eFEn/ n [U] ~(against sb/sth); ~ (for sth) retaliating 报复: immediateretaliation against the striking miners 对罢工的矿工立即采取的报复行动 * a terrorist bomb attack in retaliation for recent arrests 恐怖分子为报复最近的逮捕行动而进行的炸弹袭击. retaliatory / rI5tAlIEtrI; ?@ -tR:rI; rI`tAlIE9tRrI/ adj done or meant as retaliation 报复的; 报复性 的: take retaliatory measures, actions, etc 采取报复手段、行动等* The raid was purely retaliatory. 这次袭击完全是报复性的. retard / rI5tB:d; rI`tBrd/ v [Tn] (fml 文) 1 make (sth) slow or late 使（某物）放慢或迟缓: retard the mechanism, eg of a clock 使机械装置减速（如时钟的）* retard thespark, eg of an engine 使点火 延迟（如发动机的）. 2 slow the progress or development of (sb/sth); hinder 阻碍（某人[某事物]） 的进步或发展; 妨碍: Lack of sun retards plant growth. 光照不足则植物生长缓慢. retardation / 9ri:tB:5deIFn; 9ritBr`deFEn/ n [U]: mental retardation 智力迟钝. retarded adj. backward in physical or (esp) mental development 身体或（尤指）精神发育迟缓的; 智力迟钝的: be severely (mentally) retarded （智力）发育极为迟缓. retch / retF; rZtF/ v [I] make the sounds and movements of vomiting, esp involuntarily, but without bringing anything up from the stomach 乾哕; 乾呕. retd abbr. 缩写 = ret. retell / 9ri:5tel; ri`tZl/ v (pt, pp retold / -5tEUld; -`told/) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) tell (a story, etc) again, in a different way or in a different language （以不同方式或语言）复述（故事等）: Greek myths retold for children 为儿童讲的希腊神话. retention / rI5tenFn; rI`tZnFEn/ n [U, sing] (fml 文)1 possession or use of sth 具有; 具备; 享有; 享 用: retention of one's rights, privileges, etc 权利、特权等的享有* the full retention of one's (mental) faculties （心智）能力的健全. 2 ability to remember things 记忆力; 记性: her limited/extraordinary powers of retention 她那有限的[非凡的]记忆力* show an amazing retention of facts, details, childhood impressions, etc 显示出对事实、细节、儿时情景等的惊人记忆力. 3 action of holding sth in position or containing it 挡住; 拦阻; 保持; 保留; 容纳: the retention of flood waters, crowds 拦住洪水、人群* suffer from retention of urine, ie failure to pass it out from the bladder 患闭尿症（不能排尿）. retentive / rI5tentIv; rI`tZntIv/ adj 1 (of the memory) having the ability to remember facts, impressions, etc （指记忆力）有记性的, 记忆力强的. 2 having the ability to hold or contain liquid, etc 能保持或容纳液体等的: retentive soil, ie that does not dry out quickly 能保持水分的土壤. retentively adv. retentiveness n. [U]. rethink / 9ri:5WINk; ri`WINk/ v (pt, pp -thought / -5WR:t; -`WRt/)[I, Tn] reconsider or think about (sth) again, esp in order to change it 重新考虑或再想（某事物）（尤指意在更改）: rethink a policy, plan, situation, verdict 重新考虑一政策、计画、情况、裁定* A good deal of rethinking is needed on this question. 这个问题需要多加考虑. rethink / 5ri:WINk; `riWINk/ n [sing] (infml 口) act of thinking again 再思考; 反思: have a quick rethink before deciding 再很快考虑一下再做决定. reticent / 5retIsnt; `rZtEsnt/ adj ~ (about/on sth) not revealing one's thoughts or feelings easily; reserved 不轻易暴露思想或感情的; 有保留的: be reticent about one's plans 不愿谈自己的计画 * He seemed unduly reticent on the subject of his past. 他似乎对他过去的事情讳莫如深. reticence / -sns; -sns/ n [U]: He always displays a certain reticence in discussing personal matters. 他在谈论个人问题时总显得有些保留. reticently adv. reticulated / rI5tIkjUleItId; rI`tIkjE9letId/ (also reticulate / rI5tIkjUleIt; rI`tIkjE9let/) adj (fml 文) divided into a network of small squares or intersecting lines 网状的: the reticulated skin of a snake 蛇的网状的皮. reticulation / rI9tIkjU5leIFn; rI9tIkjE`leFEn/ n [U, C esp pl 作不可数名词或可数名词, 后者尤作 复数] net-like pattern or structure 网状图案; 网状结构. reticule / 5retIkju:l; `rZtI9kjul/ n (arch or joc 古或谑) woman's small bag, usu made of net, etc and shaped like a pouch with a drawstring neck （女用）小手提包（通常为网兜式, 可收口）. retina / 5retInE; ?@ 5retEnE; `rZtnE/ n (pl ~s or -ae /-ni:; -n9i/) layer of membrane at the back of the eyeball,sensitive to light 视网膜. =>illus at eye 见 eye 插图. retinue / 5retInju:; ?@ 5retEnu:; `rZtn9u/ n [CGp] group of attendants accompanying an important person （要人的）一批随员: The Queen was flanked by a retinue of bodyguards and policemen. 女 王左右有保镖和警察护卫著. * (joc 谑) the fete organizer and her retinue of helpers 游乐义卖会的 组织人和她的一群助手. retire / rI5taIE(r); rI`taIr/ v 1 (a) [I, Ipr] ~ (from sth) give up one's regular work, esp because of age 退职;退役; （尤指）退休: retire early, ie before reaching retirement age 提前退休（未达退休年龄） * retire on a pension at 65 于65 岁时退休领取养老金* He will retire from the army/his directorship next year. 他明年从部队退役[从主管职位上退休]. * the retiring union leader 行将退休的工会领 导人. (b) [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] cause (an employee) to do this 使（雇员）退职或退休: I was retired on full pay. 给我全薪让我退休了. Cf 参看resign 1. 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (from...) (to...) (fml 文) (of an army, etc) withdraw voluntarily, esp in order to reorganize, etc （指军队等）主动撤退（尤 指以休整等为目的）: Our forces retired to prepared positions. 我们的部队撤退到既设阵地上. Cf 参看retreat. 3 [I, Ipr] (a) ~ (from...) (to...) (fml 文) retreat or go away, esp to somewhere quiet or private 退下, 退出, 离开（尤指到僻静处）: The jury retired (from the courtroom) to consider their verdict. 陪审团退庭以考虑如何裁断. * After lunch he retired to his study. 他午饭后就到书房去了. (b) ~ (to sth) (fml or joc 文或谑) go to bed 就寝: I decided to retire early with a book. 我决定带本 书早点就寝. 4 [La, I, Ipr] ~ (from sth) (in sport) withdraw voluntarily from a game, match, etc （体 育运动中）主动退出比赛等: The boxer retired from the contest with eye injuries. 该拳击手因眼部 受伤而退出比赛. * The batsman retired hurt. 击球员因伤退场. retired adj. having retired from work 退职的; 退休的; 退役的: a retired Civil Servant 退休的公 务员. retiring / rI5taIErIN; rI`taIrIN/ adj avoiding society; shy 过隐居生活的; 孤僻的; 害羞的: Joanna had a gentle retiring disposition. 乔安娜性格温柔而腼腆. retirement / rI5taIEmEnt; rI`taIrmEnt/ n 1 [C, U] (instance of) retiring or being retired from work 退 职; 退役; 退休: There have been several retirements in my office recently. 最近我那办公室里有几 个人退休了. * announce/give notice of one's retirement 宣布[通知]退休* urge older staff to take early retirement, ie retire before the usual age 敦促年纪较大的职员提前退休 * be well above/below the age of retirement 远远超过[低于]退休年龄 * [attrib 作定语] retirement benefits 退休补助金* a retirement pension 退休金. 2 [U, sing] condition of being retired from work 退 职、退役、退休之状况: He lives in retirement in Cornwall. 他在康沃尔郡过退休生活. * a happy and profitable retirement 愉快而有益的退休生活. 3 (idm 习语) go into/come out of retirement leave/return to one's regular work 离[复]职. retirement age age at which people normally retire 退休年龄: reach retirement age 达到退休年龄* reduce the retirement age for teachers to 55 把教师的退休年龄降低到 55 岁. retort / rI5tR:t; rI`tRrt/ v [Tn, Tf] make a quick, witty or angry reply, esp to an accusation or challenge 反驳; 回嘴: `Nonsense!' she retorted. 她反驳说, ｀一派胡言!＇* He retorted that it was my fault as much as his. 他反驳说我的错误并不比他的错误小. retort n. (a) [U] retorting 反驳; 回嘴: He made a rude sign by way of retort. 他做出粗鲁动作表示 反驳. (b) [C] reply of this kind 反驳的回答: make an insolent retort 做出侮慢的答覆. retort / rI5tR:t; rI`tRrt/ n 1 glass vessel with a long narrow neck turned downwards, used for distilling liquids 曲颈甑; 蒸馏甑. 2 receptacle used in making gas or steel （制煤气、炼钢用的） 蒸馏罐. retouch / 9ri:5tQtF; ri`tQtF/ v [Tn] improve or alter (a photograph, painting, etc) by removing flaws or making minor changes 修整（照片、画等）（以除去瑕疵或作一些微小的改变）. retrace / ri:5treIs; rI`tres/ v [Tn] 1 go back over or repeat (a journey, route, etc) exactly 折返或重行 （原路程、路线等）: retrace one's steps, ie return the way one came 顺原路折回. 2 recall a series of (past actions, etc) 回忆, 回顾, 追溯（经过情形等）: Police retraced the movements of the murder victim. 警方追溯了那被谋杀者当时的情形. retract / rI5trAkt; rI`trAkt/ v [I, Tn] (fml 文) 1 withdraw (a statement, charge, etc) 撤回或撤消（声 明、指控等）: The accused refused to retract (his statement). 那被告拒不撤消（其供述）. 2 refuse to honour or keep (an agreement, etc) 拒绝执行或遵守（协议等）: retract a promise, an offer, etc 食 言、撤消提议. 3 move or pull (sth) back or in 缩回或拉回（某物）: The undercarriage on light aircraft does not always retract in flight. 轻型飞机飞行时起落架不一定缩回. retractable / -Ebl; -Ebl/ adj that can be drawn in 可缩进的; 可拉入的: a retractable undercarriage 伸缩式起落架. retractile / rI5trAktaIl; ?@ -tl; rI`trAktl/ adj that can be retracted (retract 3) 可缩回的; 可拉回的: A cat's claws are retractile. 猫的爪能缩回. retraction / rI5trAkFn; rI`trAkFEn/ n (a) [U] retracting 撤回; 撤消; 缩回; 拉入. (b) [C] instance of this 撤回; 撤消; 缩回; 拉入: publish a retraction of the charge 宣布撤回指控. retread / 9ri:5tred; ri`trZd/ v (pt, pp -ed) (also remould, US remold / 9ri:5mEUld; ri`mold/, US also ,recap) [Tn] provide (an old tyre) with a new tread(n 3) 给（旧轮胎）装新胎面. retread / 5ri:tred; `ri9trZd/ (also remould, US remold / 5ri:mEUld; `ri9mold/, US also `recap) n tyre made by moulding rubber onto an old foundation 翻新的旧轮胎. retreat / rI5tri:t; rI`trit/ v [I, Ipr, In/pr] 1 (esp of an army, etc) withdraw after being defeated or when faced with danger or difficulty （尤指军队等）（战败后或面临危险或困难时）撤退, 退却: force the enemy to retreat (behind their lines) 迫使敌人退却（至其阵线后）* crowds retreating before police fire hoses 面对警方的消防水龙而退却的群众* We retreated half a mile. 我们后撤了半英里. Cf 参看 advance2 2. 2 (fig 比喻) go away to a place of shelter or privacy 退避; 回避至自己的范围: retreat into a world of fantasy 遁入幻想世界* retreat from the public eye 避开公众的眼睛. Cf 参 看 retire. retreat n. 1 [C usu sing, U 作可数名词时通常作单数, 亦作不可数名词] act or instance of retreating 撤退; 退却: The minister made an undignified retreat from his earlier position. 那部长很 不光彩地背离了他原先的立场. * an orderly retreat from the camp 秩序井然的撤营 * The army was in full retreat. 军队已全线撤退. 2 the retreat [sing] military signal for this 撤退信号: sound the retreat, eg on a drum or bugle 发出撤退信号（如击鼓或吹号）. 3 (a) [U] withdrawal into privacy or seclusion 退避; 隐遁. (b) [C] place suitable for this 静居处; 隐居处: spend weekends at my country retreat 在我的乡间僻静处过周末. (c) [U, C] (religion 宗) period of withdrawalfrom worldly activities for prayer and meditation 静修（期间）: go into/be in retreat 去静修[于静修中] * make an annual retreat 进行一年一度的静修. 4 (idm 习语) beat a retreat => beat1. retrench / rI5trentF; rI`trZntF/ v (fml 文) 1 [I] make economies or reduce expenses 节省; 削减费 用; 紧缩开支: Inflation has forced us to retrench. 因通货膨胀我们不得不紧缩开支. 2 [Tn] reduce the amount of (moneyspent) 削减（费用）; 紧缩（开支）: retrench one's expenditure 减少 花费. retrenchment n. (a) [U] retrenching 节省; 削减; 紧缩开支. (b) [C] instance of this 节省; 削减; 紧缩开支. retrial / 9ri:5traIEl; ri`traIEl/ n action of trying a lawsuit again; new trial 再审; 复审: The judge ordered a retrial because of irregularities. 因初审不合规则, 法官下令复审. retribution / 9retrI5bju:Fn; 9rZtrE`bjuFEn/ n [U] ~ (for sth) (fml 文) deserved punishment or compensation for injury, etc （由于伤害等）应得的惩罚或赔偿: jailed in retribution for his crimes （他）因犯罪而受监禁 * make retribution to God for one's sins 向上帝赎罪 * the day, hour, moment, etc of retribution 报应的日子、时刻、瞬间等. retributive / rI5trIbjUtIv; rI`trIbjEtIv/ adj [attrib 作定语] happening or inflicted as retribution 作为 惩罚而发生或施予的; 惩罚性的; 报应的: retributive `justice 因果报应. retrieve / rI5tri:v; rI`triv/ v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sb/sth) (esp fml 尤作庄重语) get possession of sth again 重新获得某物; 取回某物: retrieve one's suitcase from the left luggage office 从行李寄存 处取回衣箱 * (joc 谑) I must retrieve my credit card from the waiter. 我得向服务员要回信用卡. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] (esp computing 尤作计算机术语) find again or extract (stored information) 检索（储存 的信息）: retrieve data from a disk 检索储存在磁盘中的资料* retrieve an address from the files 从 文件中检索地址. 3 [Tn] (fml 文) set right (a loss, an error, etc) 挽回（损失）; 纠正（错误等）: He retrieved his losses by betting on a succession of winners. 他下的赌注连续获胜才挽回了损失. * We can only retrieve the situation by reducing our expenses. 我们只有缩减开支才能扭转这种状况. 4 [I, Tn] (of a trained dog) find and bring back (dead or wounded birds, etc) （指经过训练的狗）找到 并衔回（被打死或打伤的鸟等）. 5 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) (fml 文) restore sth to a flourishing state; revive sth 使某事物恢复旺盛状态; 复兴某事物: retrieve one's fortunes 恢复自己丰裕的生 活. retrievable / -Ebl; -Ebl/ adj (esp computing 尤作计算机术语) that can be retrieved 可检索的. retrieval / -vl; -vl/ n [U] (fml 文) retrieving or being retrieved 重获; 取回; 检索; 挽回; 恢复: the retrieval of the company's fortunes 该公司之挽回财产损失 * a match lost beyond all hope of retrieval 毫无挽回获胜希望而输定的比赛 * (computing 计) information retrieval 信息检索. retriever n. dog of a breed which is often trained to retrieve game 经训练常用以寻回猎物的一种 猎犬. retro- pref. 前缀 (with adjs and ns 与形容词和名词结合) back or backwards 后; 向后; 在后: retroactive * retrograde * retro-rocket. retro-rocket / 5retrEUrCkIt; `rZtro9rBkIt/ n rocket engine providing power in the opposite direction to the path of flight and used to slow down or alter the course of a spacecraft, etc 制动火箭; 减速火箭. retroactive / 9retrEU5AktIv; 9rZtro`AktIv/ adj (fml 文) effective from a past date 溯及既往的 ; 有 追溯效力的: The new law was made retroactive to 1 January, ie as if it had come into effect then. 新 法令生效日期可追溯到1 月1 日. retroactively adv. retroflex / 5retrEfleks; `rZtrE9flZks/ (also retroflexed /-kst; -kst/) adj [attrib 作定语] (phonetics 语音) (of a sound) made by bending the tip of the tongue upwards and backwards （指声音）卷舌的, 卷舌 音的. retrograde / 5retrEgreId; `rZtrE9-red/ adj (fml 文) 1 going backwards 向后的; 后退的: retrograde motion 逆向运动. 2 getting worse; returning to a less good condition 退化的; 恶化的; 衰退的: a retrograde policy, step 倒退的政策、一步. retrogress / 9retrE5gres; 9rZtrE`-rZs/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (to sth) (fml 文) 1 go backwards 后退; 倒退. 2 get worse or deteriorate 恶化; 衰退. retrogression / 9retrE5greFn; 9rZtrE`-rZFEn/ n [U] return to a less advanced state; decline 退步; 退化; 衰退; 衰落. retrogressive adj. retrogressively adv. retrospect / 5retrEspekt; `rZtrE9spZkt/ n (idm 习语) in retrospect looking back on a past event or situation 回顾; 追溯: In retrospect, it's easy to see why we were wrong. 回顾过去就很容易明白我 们的错处了. retrospection / 9retrE5spekFn; 9rZtrE`spZkFEn/ n [U] action of looking back on past events, experiences, etc 回顾; 追溯. retrospective / 9retrE5spektIv; 9rZtrE`spZktIv/ adj 1 looking back on the past 回顾的: retrospective views, thoughts, etc 回顾过去的观点、想法等* a retrospective exhibition of the painter's work 那画家作品的回顾展. 2 (of laws, payments, etc) applying to the past as well as the future; retroactive （指法律、支付关系等）溯及既往的, 有追溯效力的: The legislation was made retrospective. 该项法规具有追溯效力. * a retrospective (ie back-dated) pay rise 有追溯效力的加薪. n exhibition tracing the development of a painter, sculptor, etc （画家、雕塑家等作品的）回顾展. retrospectively adv. retrousse / rE5tru:seI; ?@ 9retrU5seI; 9rZtrJ`se/ adj (French esp approv 法, 尤作褒义) (of the nose) turned up at the end （指鼻子）尖端上翘的. retry / 9ri:5traI; ri`traI/ v (pt, pp retried) [Tn] try (a lawsuit or a defendant) again 重审, 复审（案件或 被告）: There are calls for the case to be retried. 该案有必要重审. retsina / ret5si:nE; ?@ 5retsInE; `rZtsInE/ n [U, C] Greek wine flavoured with resin 一种带有松香味 的希腊葡萄酒. return / rI5t\:n; rI`t[n/ v 1 [I, Ipr] (a) ~ (to...) (from...)come or go back to a place 回; 返回: return (home) from a holiday 度假归来* return to Paris from London 从伦敦回巴黎* She returned to collect her umbrella. 她回来取伞. (b) ~ (to sb/sth) come or go back to an earlier activity or condition 恢复原先的活动或情况: doubts, symptoms, suspicions that return constantly 经常反覆出现的疑惑、 症状、怀疑* My good humour/spirits soon returned. 我的心情[情绪]很快又好起来了. * I shall return to this point (ie discuss it again) later. 我稍后再谈这个问题. * return to one's old habits 恢复 旧习惯* The bus service has returned to normal after the strike. 罢工结束后公共汽车恢复了正常 的运营. 2 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.a, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sth/sb) bring, give, put or send sth back 带回、 归还、放回或送回某物: Please return all empties, ie empty milk bottles. 请把空瓶全部退回. * (fml 文) She returned the bird to its cage. 她把鸟放回笼子里. * I returned the letter unopened. 我把那封 信原封退回了. * Please return me my 5/return my 5 to me. 请把我的5 英镑还给我. (b) [Tn] give (sth) in response; reciprocate 给予（某事物）作为报答; 回报; 回礼: return an invitation, a visit 回 请、回访 * return a greeting, stare, salute, etc 回应问候、回瞪一眼、还礼 * return a compliment/favour 回应赞语[报答恩惠] * I cannot return your love/affection. 我无法回报你的爱 [情意]. * The enemy returned our fire. 敌人向我们还击. * He returned the blow smartly. 他狠狠地 还击了一拳. (c) [Tn] (in cricket, tennis, etc) send (a ball) back （板球、网球等）回击（球）: return a shot, service, volley, etc 把对方的抽球、发球、凌空球击回. 3 [Tn] (fml 文) state or describe (sth) officially, esp in reply to a formal demand for information 正式宣布或表明（某事物）（尤指回 应正式的询问）: return the details of one's income, ie to a tax inspector 申报个人收入细目（报税） * The jury returned a verdict of guilty. 陪审团宣布裁决被告有罪. 4 [Tn] give (sth) as profit 产生 （利润）: Our investment accounts return a high rate of interest. 我们的投资项目利润回报很高. 5 [esp passive 尤用于被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.n/a] ~sb (to sth); ~ sb (as sth) elect sb as a Member of Parliament 选举某人为议员: He was returned to Parliament with a decreased majority. 他以有所减 少的多数票当选为议员. * Smith was returned as MP for Bath. 史密斯当选为巴斯市的议员. 6 [Tn] (dated 旧) say (sth) in answer; reply 回答说（某话）; 答覆: `Never!' he returned curtly. ｀决 不!＇他唐突地答道. 7 (idm 习语) return to the `fold (fml 文) rejoin a group of people, esp a religious or political group with similar beliefs or aims 重新加入组织（尤指具有相同之信仰或目标 的宗教或政治组织）. returnable / -Ebl; -Ebl/ adj that can or must be returned 可以或必须返回、归还、退还、送回 等的: returnable bottles, crates, etc 可回收的瓶子、板条箱等. returnee / 9rIt\:r5ni:; rI9t[`ni/ n (US) person who returns from military service abroad, esp after a war 从国外服役归来的军人（尤指战后）. returning officer ( Brit) official who conducts an election in a constituency and announces the result 选举监察官（负责选区内选举事宜并宣布选举结果者）. return / rI5t\:n; rI`t[n/ n 1 [sing] (a) ~ (to...) (from...)coming or going back to a place 返回: on my return home (from Italy), ie when I got/get back 我（从意大利）回国时 * [attrib 作定语] a return trip, voyage, flight, etc 陆上、海上、空中等的回程. (b) ~ (to sth) coming or going back to an earlier activity or condition 恢复原先的活动或情况: a return of my doubts, symptoms, suspicions 我的疑 惑、症状、怀疑再次出现* the return of spring 春之归来* a return to normal working hours, old habits 正常工作时间、旧习惯的恢复. 2 [C, U] ~ (to sb/sth) bringing, giving, putting or sending back 带回; 归还; 放回; 送回: the return of library books, milk bottles, faulty goods 图书馆借阅书 籍的归还、牛奶瓶的回收、残货的退货* The deposit is refunded on return of the vehicle. 押金 于归还车辆时退还. * no deposit, no return, eg as a notice on a non-returnable bottle, etc 不收押金亦 不退瓶等（告示用语）* These flowers are a small return (ie token of thanks) for your kindness. 向 您献花聊表谢忱. * Her return of service (ie at tennis) was very fast. 她击回发球很快（在网球赛中）. * [attrib 作定语] return shots 击回抽球. 3 [C] official report or statement, esp one made in reply to a formal demand 正式报告或陈述（尤指回应正式要求的）: make one's`(income-)tax return 做所 得税的申报* the e`lection returns, ie figures of the voting at an election 选举结果报告（公布票数）. 4 [C esp pl 尤作复数] ~ (on sth) profit from a transaction, etc 赢利; 收益: disappointing returns on Oxford Dictionary Translation memory software company ForeignDesk, Okapi Framework, OmegaT, Transolution, AidTransStudio, Cafetran, Déjà Vu (DVX), Heartsome Translation Suite, MemoQ, MetaTexis, Rainbow, SDLX, SDL, STAR Transit, Trados, SDL Trados, Wordfast, WordFisher, Similis, Open Language Tools http://www.transgood.com