TransGood-Translation memory software Trados, SDL, ForeignDesk, Wordfast, WordFisher, Déjà Vu (DVX), 译佳计算机辅助翻译软件, 雅信CAT TransGood, TransMemory, Translation Software Tools, Computer-assisted translation, computer-aided translation, CAT, machine-aided translation, Translation memory software, Terminology management software, Alignment software, Software localization tools, ?bersetzung Software, Logiciels de traduction, Software di traduzione, Traducción de Software, Mémoire de traduction, Tradu??o memória, Memoria de traducción, Memoria di traduzione, Перевод Software, ForeignDesk, Okapi Framework, OmegaT, Transolution, AidTransStudio, Cafetran, Déjà Vu (DVX), Heartsome Translation Suite, MemoQ, MetaTexis, Rainbow, SDLX, SDL, STAR Transit, Trados, SDL Trados, Wordfast, WordFisher, Similis, Open Language Tools, 翻訳ソフトウェア, 翻訳メモリ, 翻译软件 辅助翻译软件 计算机辅助翻译软件 人工智能翻译 翻译工具 专业翻译软件 翻译记忆软件 塔多思 Trados SDL WordFast 雅信CAT 翻译公司 牛津词典 Oxford Dictionary king, father, etc 合法的所有人、国王、父亲等. rightfully / -fElI; -fElI/ adv. rigid / 5rIdVId; `rIdVId/ adj 1 stiff; not bending or yielding 坚硬的; 不弯曲的; 刚性的: a rigid support for the tent 帐篷的坚硬的支柱 * (fig 比喻) Her face was rigid with terror. 她吓得目瞪口 呆. 2 strict; firm; unchanging 严格的; 坚强的; 不变的: a man of very rigid principles 原则性很 强的人* practise rigid economy, ie be very frugal 厉行节约. rigidity / rI5dVIdEtI; rI`dVIdEtI/ n [U]: The rigidity of the metal caused it to crack. 这金属因刚度 强而产生裂纹. * He deplored the rigidity of her views. 他痛感她的观点僵化. rigidly adv: rigidly constructed buildings 建造得很坚固的建筑物* rigidly opposed to any change 顽固地 反对一切变革. rigmarole / 5rIgmErEUl; `rI-mE9rol/ n [C usu sing 通常作单数] (derog 贬) 1 (unnecessarily) complicated procedure （不必要的）复杂手续: go through the whole rigmarole of filling out forms 通 过填表这一整套繁琐的程序. 2 long wandering story or statement 冗长而离题的故事或叙述: I've never heard such a rigmarole. 我从来没听过像这样的长篇废话. rigor mortis / 9rIgE 5mR:tIs; 9rI-L`mRrtIs/ stiffening of the body after death 尸僵; 死后强直: Rigor mortis had already set in. 尸体已经僵硬. rigour (US rigor) / 5rIgE(r); `rI-L/ n (fml 文) 1 [U] severity; strictness; (esp mental) discipline 严 格; 严厉; （尤指思想的）严谨, 严密: the utmost rigour of the law 法律的苛严 * intellectual rigour 思想的缜密. 2 [C often pl 常作复数] harshness (of weather, conditions, etc) （气候、条件等的） 严酷; 艰苦: the rigour(s) of an Arctic winter, of prison life, etc 北极冬季的严寒、监狱生活的艰苦. rigorous / 5rIgErEs; `rI-ErEs/ adj (fml 文) 1 severe; strict 严厉的; 严格的: rigorous discipline 严明的纪律.2 strictly accurate or detailed 精确的; 严密的: rigorousattention to detail 一丝不苟 * a rigorous search, examination,analysis, etc 彻底的搜寻、严密的检查、精确的分析. 3 (of weather, etc) harsh （指天气等）严酷的: a rigorous climate 严酷的气候. rigorously adv. rigorousness n. [U]. de rigueur / dE rI5g\:(r); dErI`-[/ (French 法) required by etiquette or custom 按照礼仪或风俗所要 求的: Evening dress is de rigueur at the Casino. 在赌博娱乐场要穿晚礼服. rile / raIl; raIl/ v [Tn] (infml 口) annoy (sb); irritate 使（某人）恼火; 激怒: Don't get riled. 别生气. * It riles me that he won't agree. 他就是不同意, 真气人. rim / rIm; rIm/ n 1 edge or border of sth that is (approximately) circular 圆形（或近似圆形）物体 的边缘: the rim of a cup, bowl, etc 杯、碗等的边* a pair of spectacles with gold rims 一副金框眼 镜. 2 outer edge of a wheel, on which the tyre is fitted （安装轮胎的）辋圈, 轮圈. =>illus at App 1 见附录 1 插图, page xiii. rim v. (-mm-) [Tn] provide (sth) with a rim; be a rim for (sth) 给（某物）镶边; 形成（某物）的边 缘: Mountains rimmed the valley. 群山环绕著这个山谷. rimless adj. (of spectacles) having lenses which have no frames round them （指眼镜）无框的. -rimmed ( forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having a rim or rims of the type specified 有某种边缘或边框的: steel-rimmed glasses 钢框眼镜* red-rimmed eyes, eg from weeping 眼眶发 红（如因哭泣）. rime / raIm; raIm/ n [U] (esp rhet 尤作修辞) frost 霜. rind / raInd; raInd/ n [C, U] hard outer skin or covering on some fruits (eg oranges, lemons) and some types of cheese, bacon, etc 某些水果（如橘子、柠檬）的硬皮; 乾酪、腌肉等的外皮: cut off the `bacon rind 切掉腌肉的皮. Cf 参看peel n, skin 4, zest 3. ring / rIN; rIN/ n 1 small circular band of precious metal, often set with a gem or gems, worn esp on the finger 用贵金属制造的（常镶有珠宝的）小环, 小圈; （尤指）戒指: a diamond `ring 钻戒 * an en`gagement ring 订婚戒指* a `wedding ring 结婚戒指* a `nose ring 鼻环. 2 (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) circular band of any kind of material （任何材料制的）环形物: a `napkin ring 餐巾环* a `key-ring 钥匙环* inflatable rubber rings, eg as worn by children on their arms when learning to swim 充气橡皮圈（如儿童学游泳时戴在胳膊上的）* the rings of Saturn 土 星的光环. 3 circle 圆圈; 圆环: the rings in/of a tree, ie the concentric circles seen when the trunk is cut straight across, showing the tree's age 树的年轮* puff out `smoke-rings, ie rings of tobacco smoke 喷出烟圈儿（吸烟时）* The men were standing in a ring. 那些人站成一个圆圈. * dark rings round her eyes from lack of sleep 她那因睡眠不足而发黑的眼圈. 4 combination of people working together, esp secretly 集团（尤指秘密的）: a `spy ring 间谍网* a ring of dealers controlling prices at an antiques auction 操纵古物拍卖价格的一帮买卖人. 5 (a) (also `circus ring) (esp circular) enclosure in which a circus is held （尤指圆形的）马戏场. (b) (also `boxing ring) raised square space enclosed by ropes for boxing matches 拳击场: knock sb out of the ring 把某人击出场 地. 6 (idm 习语) run `rings round sb (infml 口) do things much better than sb 做事比某人好得多. ring v. (pt, pp -ed) 1 [Tn, Tn.pr esp passive 尤用于被动语态] ~ sb/sth (with sth) surround sb/sth 围绕、环绕或包围某人[某物]: A high fence ringed the prison camp. 有一道高高的铁丝网围著战 俘营. * ringed about with enemies 被敌人包围. 2 [Tn] make a circular mark round (sth) 环绕（某 物）做圆形标记; 将（某物）圈出: Ring the correct answer with your pencil. 用铅笔圈出正确的答 案. 3 [Tn] put a metal ring on the leg of (a bird) to identify it, or in the nose of (a bull, etc) 给（鸟） 的腿套上金属环（以供识别）; 给（牛等）戴鼻圈. ring binder folder for papers, in which metal rings go through holes in the edges of the pages, holding them in place 活页夹; 活页簿. ring-finger n. third finger, usu of the left hand, on which a wedding-ring is traditionally worn 无名 指（通常指左手的, 结婚戒指多戴于该指）. =>illus at hand 见hand 插图. ringleader n. (esp derog 尤作眨义) person who leads others in crime or opposition to authority 犯 罪或叛乱活动的头目; 罪魁; 祸首; 元凶. ring mains main electrical circuit in a house, etc, off which branch supplies are taken （房子等配电线路的）环 形主线. ringmaster n. person in charge of a circus performance 马戏演出的领班. ring-pull n. small piece of metal with a ring attached which is pulled to open certain types of tin can, etc （易拉罐等的）拉环: [attrib 作定语] a ring-pull can 易拉罐罐头. ring road ( Brit) road built around a town to reduce traffic in the centre 环路, 环城公路（为疏导城 市中心区之交通而设）. ringside n. 1 (esp 尤作the ringside) [U] area immediately beside a boxing or wrestling ring （拳 击或摔跤竞技场的）台边区, 近台座席. 2 (idm 习语) have a ringside `seat be favourably placed for seeing sth 获得近台座席; 处于便于看清之位置. ringworm n. [U] skin disease, esp of animals or children, producing round red patches 癣. ring / rIN; rIN/ v (pt rang / rN; rAN/, pp rung / rQN; rQN/)1 [I] make a clear resonant sound, usu like that of a bell being struck 发出清晰响亮的声音（通常指似铃声）: Will you answer the telephone if it rings? 电话铃声响时请你接电话好吗? * The metal door rang as it slammed shut. 金属门猛一关 上时发出光的响声. * The buzzer rang when the meal was ready. 饭做好时蜂呜器发出兹兹 的响声. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] cause (a bell, etc) to sound 使（钟铃等）发声: ring the fire alarm 鸣响火警 警报* ring the bell for school assembly 敲钟通知全校集合. 3 [La] produce a certain effect when heard 产生某种声音效果; 听起来: Her words rang hollow, ie What she said sounded insincere. 她 的话听起来很虚（言不由衷）. * His story may seem incredible, but it rang (ie seemed likely to be) true. 他说的事情尽管难以置信, 但听起来却似有其事. 4 [I, Ipr] ~ (for sb/sth) make a bell sound to call, warn, etc sb 鸣铃召唤、警告...某人: `Did you ring, sir?' asked the stewardess. ｀先生, 是您 按铃叫人吗?＇女服务员问道. * Someone is ringing at the door, ie ringing the doorbell. 有人在按门 铃. * ring for the maid, for roomservice, etc 按铃召唤女仆、召唤客房用餐服务部等. 5 [I,Ipr] ~ (with sth) (fig 比喻) be filled with (sounds,etc) 响著（声音等）: The playground rang with children's shouts. 游戏场上到处都是儿童的喊叫声. * (rhet 修辞) The village rang with the joy of Christmas. 村里洋溢著圣诞节的欢乐气氛. 6 [I, Ipr] (of ears) be filled with a ringing or humming sound （指 耳朵）嗡嗡作响: The music was so loud it made my ears ring. 音乐的声音太大了, 把我耳朵震得直 响. 7 (US call) [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sb/sth (up) telephone (sb/sth) 给（某人[某处]）打电话: I'll ring you tonight. 我今晚给你打电话. * Ring (up) the airport and find out when the plane leaves. 给机场打个 电话, 问清楚什麽时候起飞. 8 [Tn] (of a chime of bells) mark (the time) by striking （指钟的报时 装置）敲出（钟点）: ring the hours but not the quarters, ie ring on the hour but not at quarter or half past or quarter to 每小时响一次而不是每刻钟响一次. 9 (idm 习语) ring a `bell (infml 口) bring sth vaguely back to mind; sound familiar 模糊地记得; 听起来耳熟: His name rings a bell; perhaps we've met somewhere. 他的名字听起来耳熟, 也许我们在什麽地方见过面. ring the `changes ring church bells in various different orders （以不同顺序）敲教堂的钟. ring the changes (on sth) vary one's routine, choices, actions, etc 改变常规、选择、行动等:She likes to ring the changes (on how her office is arranged). 她喜欢经常换换（布置自己办公室的）方式. ring up/down the `curtain (on sth) (a) (in a theatre) give the signal for the curtain to be raised/lowered （戏院）响铃升[落]幕: ring down the curtain on the first act 第一幕结束时响铃落幕. (b) mark the beginning/end of (an enterprise, etc) 开幕[闭幕]: ring up the curtain on a new football season 新的足球赛季正式开始. ,ring out the `old year and ,ring in the `new announce and celebrate the end of one year and the beginning of the next 辞旧岁迎新年. 10 (phr v) ring off (Brit) end a telephone conversation 挂断电话: He rang off before I could explain. 我还没来得及解释, 他就把电话挂上了. ring out sound loudly and clearly 发出响亮而清晰的声音: A pistol shot rang out. 响起了手枪的声音. ring sth up record (an amount, etc) on a cash register 将（款额等）记入现金出纳机: ring up all the items, the total, 6.99 把所有款 项、总额、 6.99 英镑的一笔钱记入现金出纳机. ring n. 1 [C] act of ringing a bell; sound of a bell 按铃; 敲钟; 铃声; 钟声: give two rings of the bell 敲两下钟* There was a ring at the door. 有人按门铃. 2 [sing] loud clear sound 响亮而清晰 的声音: the ring of happy voices 欢声响亮. 3 [sing] ~ of sth tone or feeling of a particular kind 某 种语气或感觉: That has a/the ring of truth about it, ie sounds true. 那件事听起来像是确有其事. [C] (Brit infml 口) (US call) telephone call 电话; 通话: I'll give you a ring tomorrow. 我明天给你 打电话. ringer n. 1 person who rings bells 按铃的人; 敲钟的人. 2 (US) racehorse, etc entered in a race under a false name 冒名顶替参赛的马等. 3 (idm 习语) be a dead ringer for sb => dead. ringlet / 5rINlIt; `rINlIt/ n [C esp pl 尤作复数] long curl of hair hanging down from sb's head 下垂的 长鬈发. rink => ice-rink (ice1), skating-rink (skate1). rinse / rIns; rIns/ v [Tn] 1 wash (sth) lightly 略微洗（某物）: He rinsed his hands quickly before eating. 他吃东西以前很快洗了一下手. 2 remove dirt, soap, etc from (sth) with water 冲洗掉（某 物）上的污垢、肥皂沫等: Rinse your hair thoroughly after shampooing it. 用洗发剂洗头后, 要把 头发冲洗乾净. 3 (phr v) rinse sb/sth down (infml 口) have a drink after eating sth 吃食物后再用 饮料送下: a sandwich and a glass of beer to rinse it down 一份三明治用一杯啤酒送下. rinse sth out remove dirt, etc from sth with water 用水冲洗污垢等: He rinsed the teapot out under the tap, to get rid of the tea-leaves. 他在水龙头下面冲洗茶壶, 以便把茶叶冲掉. rinse sth out of/from sth remove (dirt, soap, etc) from sth with water 用水冲洗某物上的（污垢、肥皂沫等）: I rinsed the shampoo out of my hair. 我把头发上的洗发剂冲洗乾净了. rinse n. 1 [C] act of rinsing 洗涤; 冲洗: Give your hair a good rinse after shampooing it. 用洗发 剂洗头后, 要把头发好好冲洗乾净. 2 [C, U] solution for tinting or conditioning the hair 染发液; 护发液: a blue rinse 蓝色染发液. riot / 5raIEt; `raIEt/ n 1 [C] wild or violent disturbance by a crowd of people 暴乱; 骚乱: Riots broke out in several areas. 有几个地方发生了骚乱. * The police succeeded in quelling the riot. 警方 把暴乱镇压了下去. * (fig 比喻) There'll be a riot (ie People will be very angry) if the government doesn't invest more in this service. 倘若政府不对此公用事业增加拨款, 就要天下大乱了. 2 [sing] ~ of sth profuse display (of sth) 充分的表现或展示: The flower-beds were a riot of colour. 花坛里 色彩缤纷. * a riot of emotion 感情的宣泄. 3 a riot [sing] (infml 口) very amusing thing or person 极有趣的事物或人: She's an absolute riot! 她这个人真逗! 4 (idm 习语) read the Riot Act => read. run `riot behave in a wild, violent or uncontrolled way 撒野; 闹事: Football hooligans ran riot through the town. 闹事的足球迷在城里胡作非为. * (fig 比喻) weeds running riot in the garden 园 中蔓延滋长的杂草* Inflation is running riot and prices are out of control. 通货极度膨胀, 物价失 去控制. riot v. [I, Ipr] take part in a riot 暴动; 闹事: There's rioting in the streets. 街上有人闹事. * renewed outbreaks of rioting 骚乱的再度爆发. rioter n person who riots 参加暴乱者; 闹事者. riotous / -Es; -Es/ adj 1 (fml or law 文或律) disorderly; unruly 无秩序的; 不守规矩的; 混乱的; 闹事的: a riotous assembly, ie of people 秩序混乱的集会* charged with riotous behaviour 被控聚 众闹事. 2 [attrib 作定语] (usu derog 通常作贬义) boisterous; unrestrained 喧闹的; 不受约束的: a riotous party 喧闹的聚会* riotous laughter 放声大笑. riotously adv extremely 极端地: riotously funny 非常可笑. riotousness n. [U] violent disorderly behaviour 暴乱; 骚乱; 闹事. riot police police trained in dealing with rioters 防暴警察. riot shield shield for use by police or soldiers dealing with riots 防暴盾牌（警察或士兵对付暴乱用的）. rip / rIp; rIp/ v (-pp-) 1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] divide or make a hole in (sth) by pulling sharply 撕裂或拉破 （某物）: I've ripped my trousers. 我把裤子撕破了. * rip a piece of cloth (in two) 把一块布撕成两 半. (b) [Cn.a] ~ sth open open sth by pulling in this way 拉开或撕开某物: rip open a letter 撕开一 封信* My cat had its ear ripped open by a dog. 我的猫的耳朵被狗咬破了. (c) [I] (of material) become torn （指材料）破, 裂: Be careful with that dress; it rips easily. 小心那件连衣裙, 很容易 破.2 (idm 习语) let `rip (about/against/at sb/sth) speak violently or passionately 激烈或激昂地说话: let rip against the government 激烈地抨击政府. let sth `rip (infml 口) (a) allow (a car, machine, etc) to go at its top speed 让（汽车、机器等）以最高速度行驶或运转: Let her/it rip! 让车全速前进! (b) allow (things) to develop naturally, without attempting to control them 让（事物）自由发展而不加控 制: They just let inflation rip. 他们对通货膨胀完全不加控制. 3 (phr v) rip sb off (sl 俚) cheat sb, esp financially 欺骗某人（尤指钱财）: The shop tried to rip me off. 那商店想欺骗我. rip sth off (a) remove sth by pulling sharply 撕掉某物: rip the cover off (a book) 撕掉（书的）封面. (b) (sl 俚) steal sth 偷窃某物: Somebody's ripped off my wallet. 有人把我的钱包偷走了. rip n. 1 uneven or ragged tear or cut （参差不齐的）裂口, 裂缝: There's a big rip in my sleeve. 我 的袖子破了一大块. 2 stretch of rough water in a river or the sea （河流或海洋的）激流, 激浪. Cf 参看 rip-tide. rip-cord n. cord that releases a parachute from its pack （降落伞的）开伞索: pull the rip-cord 拉动 开伞索. rip-off n. (usu sing 通常作单数) (sl 俚) act of defrauding, stealing, overcharging, etc 欺诈; 偷窃; 索要高价: 80p for a cup of coffee? What a rip-off! 一杯咖啡要 80 便士? 真是敲竹杠! rip-roaring adj. [attrib 作定语] (infml 口) (a) wild and noisy 喧闹的; 闹嚷嚷的. (b) great, huge, etc 大的; 巨大的: The film was a rip-roaring success. 这部影片极为成功. rip-saw n. saw with large coarse teeth, used for cutting wood along the grain 纵切锯; 粗齿锯. RIP / 9B:r aI 5pi:; 9Br aI `pi/ abbr 缩写= (on tombstones, etc) (may he, she, they) rest in peace (Latin requiescat/requiescant in pace) （墓碑等用语）（愿他、她、他们）安息（源自拉丁文 requiescat/requiescant in pace）: James Dent RIP 愿詹姆斯·登特安息. rip-tide / 5rIptaId; `rIp9taId/ n tide causing strong currents and rough water （造成巨浪和急流的）大 潮. riparian / raI5peErIEn; raI`pZrIEn/ adj (law or fml 律或文) of or inhabiting the banks of a river, lake, etc 河边的; 湖滨的; 岸上的; 栖于水滨的: riparian rights, eg to fish in a river 河岸权（如在某河 中的捕鱼权）* riparian creatures 水滨生物. ripe / raIp; raIp/ adj 1 (of fruit, grain, etc) ready to be gathered and used, esp for eating （指水果、 谷物等）成熟的: Are the apples ripe enough to eat yet? 这些苹果已经熟了吗? * harvest the ripe corn 收割已成熟的谷物 * (fig 比喻) Her lips were ripe as cherries, ie full and red like ripe cherries. 她的嘴唇像樱桃一样红润. 2 (of cheese) fully matured or developed （指乾酪）已成熟的: ripe cheese 成熟的乾酪* (rare fig 罕, 比喻) ripe judgement, scholarship 成熟的判断力、丰富的学 识.3 (of a person's age) advanced （指人）成年的, 上年纪的: men of riper years 已成年的男子 * lived to a ripe old age 活到高龄 * (ironic 反语) at the ripe old age of 21 正值21 岁高龄. 4 [pred 作表语] ~ (for sth) ready; fit; prepared 时机成熟; 适宜; 准备就绪: land that is ripe for development 适合开发的土地* a nation ripe for revolution 革命时机已成熟的国家. 5 (idm 习语) the time is ripe => time1. ripen / 5raIpEn; `raIpEn/ v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become ripe （使某物）成熟: ripening corn 即将 成熟的谷物* peaches ripened by the sun 经日晒而成熟的桃. ripeness n. [U]. riposte / rI5pCst; rI`post/ n 1 quick verbal reply or retort, esp to criticism 迅速的回答或反驳（尤指 对于批评）: a witty riposte 巧妙的回答. 2 (in fencing) quick return thrust after parrying （剑术） 挡开对方的剑后迅速还刺. riposte / rI5pCst; rI`post/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) deliver a riposte 还刺; 还击. ripple / 5rIpl; `rIpl/ n [C] 1 small wave or series of waves 波纹; 涟漪: She threw a stone into the pond and watched the ripples spread. 她把一块石头扔进池塘里, 看著水的波纹扩散开. 2 thing like this in appearance or movement 外观或运动如波纹的事物: slight ripples on the surface of the metal 金属表面上的小波纹. 3 gentle rising and falling sound 轻柔的起伏声: a ripple of laughter, voices, applause 一阵轻柔起伏的笑声、说话声、掌声. ripple v. [I, Tn] (cause sth to) move in ripples （使某物）起伏: corn rippling in the breeze 在微风 中起伏如波浪的庄稼 * rippling muscles 一条条凸起的肌肉* wind rippling the lake 吹皱湖水的 风. rise / raIz; raIz/ n 1 (a) upward movement or progress 上升; 升起; 进展; 振兴: His rise to power was very rapid. 他很快掌握了大权. * the rise and fall of the British Empire 大英帝国的兴衰. (b) increase in amount, number or intensity （金额、数量或强度的）增加: a rise in the price of meat, the value of the dollar, the average temperature 肉类价格的上涨、美元的升值、平均温度的增高. upward slope; small hill 斜坡; 小山; 岗; 丘: At the top of the rise they paused for a rest. 他们在小 山的顶部停下来休息. * a church situated on a small rise 座落在小山上的教堂. 3 (Brit) (US raise) increase (in wages) （工资的）增加: demand a rise (in wages) from next October 要求从下个十月 份起增加工资. 4 (idm 习语) get/take a rise out of sb cause sb to show annoyance or make an angry response by teasing, etc 戏弄某人使之厌烦或愤怒. give rise to sth (fml 文) cause sth 引起、导致 某事物: Her disappearance gave rise to the wildest rumours. 她失踪一事引起了各种流言蜚语. riser n. 1 vertical piece between two treads of a staircase 梯级竖板. 2 person who habitually gets up early or late in the morning (as specified) 惯于早起或晚起的人: an early/a late riser 早起[晚 起]的人. rise / raIz; raIz/ v (pt rose / rEUz; roz/, pp risen / 5rIzn;`rIzn/) 1 [I, Ipr, Ip, In/pr] come or go upwards; reach a high or higher level, position, etc 上升; 达到较高的水平、位置等: The cost of living continues to rise. 生活费用继续上涨. * The river has risen (by) several metres. 河水上涨了好几米. * smoke rising from the chimney 从烟囱里冒出的烟* Her voice rose in anger. 她因愤怒而提高了 嗓门. * new tower-blocks rising nearby 在附近新建起的高层建筑. 2 [I] (fml 文) get up from a lying, sitting or kneeling position; get out of bed （躺、坐或跪后）起立, 起身; 起床: accustomed to rising early 习惯于早起 * He rose (in order) to welcome me. 他起身欢迎我. * unable to rise because of his injuries （他）因受伤而起不了床. 3 [I] (fml 文) (of the people taking part in a meeting or other assembly) disperse （指参加会议或其他集会的人）散开, 散去: The House (ie Members of the House of Commons) rose at 10 pm. 下议院已于晚上10 点钟散会. * Parliament rises (ie ends its current session) on Thursday. 国会星期四休会. 4 [I] become upright or erect 竖立; 竖起: The hair on the back of my neck rose when I heard the scream. 我听到那尖叫声不禁毛骨悚然. 5 [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (up) (against sb/sth) (fml 文) rebel 反叛; 造反; 起义: rise (up) in revolt 起来造反 * rise (up) against the foreign invaders 反抗外国侵略者.6 [I] (of the wind) begin to blow (more strongly) （指风）刮起来（更猛）: The wind is rising --I think there's a storm coming. 风越刮越猛 --大概要来暴风雨了.7 [I] (of the sun, moon, etc) appear above the horizon （指太阳、月亮等）从 地平线上升起: The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳从东方升起, 至西方落下. Cf 参 看set2 19. 8 [I] increase in cheerfulness （情绪）增高: Her spirits (ie her mood, feelings, emotions) rose at the news. 她听到那消息异常兴奋. 9 [I, Ipr] reach a higher rank, status or position (in society, one's career, etc) （在社会上、职业上等）升至较高的级别、地位或职位: He rose from the ranks to become an officer. 他由士兵升为军官. * rise from nothing to become a great leader 由 无名小卒一跃而为伟大领袖* a rising young politician 平步青云的年轻政治家. 10 [I] (of dough, bread, etc) swell under the action of yeast, baking powder, etc （指生面团、面包等）发酵胀起: My cake is a disaster -- it hasn't risen. 我的蛋糕做坏了--面没发起来. 11 [I, Ipr] (of a river) begin to flow; have its source （指河流）发源: The Thames rises in the Cotswold Hills. 泰晤士河发源于科 茨沃尔德丘陵. 12 (idm 习语) early to bed and early to rise => early. make sb's gorge rise => gorge1. make one's hackles rise => hackles. ,rise and `shine (Brit catchphrase 警语) (usu imperative 通常用于祈使句) get out of bed and be active 快起床. `rise again/from the `dead come to life again after death 复活; 再生: Christians believe that Jesus rose from the dead on Easter Sunday. 基督徒相 信耶稣在那个星期日（后定为复活节）里复活了. rise to the `bait succumb to a lure or temptation 上 钩; 中圈套: As soon as I mentioned money he rose to the bait, and became really interested. 我一提 钱他便怦然心动, 上了我的钩. rise to the oc`casion, `challenge, `task, etc prove oneself able to deal with an unexpected situation, problem, etc 有随机应变、克服困难、完成任务等的能力. 13 (phr v) rise above sth (show oneself to) be superior to sth, capable of dealing with it, etc （表明自己）优 于某事物、有能力处理等: She rose above her difficulties and became a tremendous success. 她战 胜了重重困难, 取得了巨大的成功. rising n. [C] armed rebellion; revolt 武装反叛; 造反; 起义: Troops put down a rising in the capital. 部队平息了发生在首都的叛乱. adv (idm 习语) ,rising `five, twelve, etc (of a child) nearly five, twelve, etc years old （指儿童）近五岁、十二岁等. rising damp dampness rising from the ground into the walls of a building （从地面渗入墙中的）潮气. rising fives etc children of nearly five, etc years old 接近五岁等的儿童: Mrs Smith teaches the rising fives. 史 密斯夫人教那些快五岁的儿童. the rising generation young people who are growing up 年轻的一代. risible / 5rIzEbl; `rIzEbl/ adj (fml or joc 文或谑) fit to be laughed at; ridiculous 引人笑的; 可笑的; 滑稽的: The entire proposal is risible: it will never be accepted. 这个建议完全是荒唐可笑的, 根本 不可能采纳. risk / rIsk; rIsk/ n 1 [C, U] ~ (of sth/that...) (instance of the) possibility of meeting danger or suffering harm, loss, etc 危险; 风险: Is there any risk of the bomb exploding? 这个炸弹有爆炸的危 险吗? * You shouldn't underestimate the risks of the enterprise. 你不应低估这一计画的风险. * There's no risk of her failing/that she'll fail. 她不会有失败的危险. * insure a house for all risks, ie fire, theft, etc 给房子保综合险（火险、盗窃险等） * [attrib 作定语] an all-risks policy 综合保 险保单* an investment involving a high degree of risk 风险很大的投资. 2 [C] person or thing insured or representing a source of risk 被保险的人或物; 保险对象; 产生危险的根源: He's a good/poor risk. 他是个风险很小[很大]的保险对象. * All the people who know this secret represent a security risk. 凡是知道这个秘密的人都对安全造成危险. 3 (idm 习语) at one's own risk agreeing to make no claims for any loss, injury, etc 自担风险（同意不要求赔偿损失、损害等）: Persons swimming beyond this pointdo so at their own risk, ie No one else will take responsibilityfor whatever happens to them. 游泳者超越此界限若有意外后果自负. at `risk threatened by the possibility of loss, failure, etc; in danger 有危险; 冒风险: put one's life at risk 冒生命危险 * The whole future of the company is at risk. 公司的整个前途受到威胁. * My job is at risk, ie I may be made redundant. 我的工作保不住了（我遭受到裁减的危险）. at the risk of (doing sth) with the possibility of (doing sth) 冒可能（做某事）的危险: At the risk of sounding ungrateful, I must refuse your offer. 我甘受拂逆盛情之嫌, 也必须谢绝你的提议. at risk to sb/sth with the possibility of losing or injuring sb/sth 冒失去或殃及某人[某事物]的危险: He saved the child at considerable risk to himself/to his own life. 他冒著极大的生命危险救了那个孩子. a calculated risk => calculate. run the risk (of doing sth); run `risks do sth that exposes one to a danger, possibility, etc 冒自身危险做某 事: We can't run the risk (of losing all that money). 我们不能冒（失掉全部钱的）风险. * He runs more risk of being arrested. 他冒的被逮捕的危险更大. * She runs the same risks. 她也在冒这样的 风险. take a `risk/`risks do sth that involves the possibility of failure, danger, etc 冒险做可能失败、 有危险等的事: You can't get rich without taking risks. 人不冒险不富. * That's a risk I'm prepared to take. 那是我愿意冒险做的事情. risk v. 1 [Tn] expose (sb/oneself) to danger 使（某人[自己]）面临危险: risk one's health, fortune, neck (ie life) 冒丧失健康、财富、生命之险. 2 [Tn, Tg] accept the possibility of (sth) 甘愿承受 可能发生的（某事）: risk failure 失败亦在所不惜* risk getting caught in a storm 不怕赶上暴风 雨. risky adj. (-ier, -iest) full of danger; full of potential for failure, loss, etc 充满危险或风险的; 有很 大危险或风险的: a risky undertaking 多风险的事业. riskily / -IlI; -IlI/ adv. riskiness n. [U]. risotto / rI5zCtEU; rI`zRto/ n (pl ~s) [C, U] Italian dish of rice cooked in stock, to which vegetables, seafood, etc may be added 意大利汤饭（有时有蔬菜、海味等）. risque / 5ri:skeI; ?@ rI5skeI; rIs`ke/ adj (of a story, remark, item of clothing, etc) slightly indecent （指故事、言语、衣著等）颇为下流的, 有伤风化的. rissole / 5rIsEUl; `rIsol/ n small flat cake or ball of minced meat or fish mixed with potato or breadcrumbs and fried （用肉末或鱼末混以马铃薯或面包屑煎炸而成的）炸肉饼, 炸丸子. rite / raIt; raIt/ n [C] religious or some other solemn ceremony （宗教等的）隆重的仪式或典礼: marriage/funeral rites 结婚[丧葬]仪式* initiation rites, eg those performed when a new member joins a secret society 入会仪式（如秘密社团为新会员举行的）. ritzy / 5rItsI; `rItsI/ adj (-ier, -iest) (dated infml 旧, 口) luxurious; elegant 豪华的; 优美的; 文雅的. rival / 5raIvl; `raIvl/ n ~ (for/in sth) person or thing competing with another 竞争或相比的人或事物: `business rivals 商业上的竞争对手* rivals in love 情敌* a new rival for the title of champion 争 夺冠军的新对手 * [attrib 作定语] a rival firm 竞争的商行* a violinist without rival, ie better than any other 无与伦比的小提琴家* She has no rival (ie no one is as good as she is) in the field of romantic fiction. 她写的浪漫小说谁也比不了. rival v. (-ll-; US also -l-) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (for/in sth) seem or be as good as sb/sth; be comparable to sb/sth 堪与某人[某事物]竞争; 比得上某人[某事物]: a view rivalling anything the Alps can offer 可以与阿尔卑斯山的任何景物相媲美的景色* Cricket cannot rival football for/in excitement. 板 球不如足球有刺激性. rivalry / 5raIvlrI; `raIvlrI/ n [C, U] (instance of) being rivals; competition 竞争; 竞赛; 对抗; 较量: a country paralysed by political rivalries 由于政治对抗而陷于瘫痪的国家 * the usual rivalry between brother and sister 兄妹之间常见的钩心斗角. riven / 5rIvn; `rIvEn/ adj [pred 作表语] (fml or rhet 文或修辞) split; torn violently 分裂; 撕裂: a family riven by ancient feuds 由于世代结仇而分裂的家族. river / 5rIvE(r); `rIvL/ n [C] 1 large natural stream ofwater flowing in a channel 河; 江; 水道: the River Thames 泰晤士河* the Mississippi River 密西西比河 * [attrib 作定语] the river mouth 河 口 * river traffic 内河航运. Cf 参看canal 1. 2 any large flow of similar form 巨流: a river of lava 熔岩流* (fig rhet 比喻, 修辞) rivers of blood, ie great bloodshed in war, etc 血流成河. 3 (idm 习语) sell sb down the river => sell. river-bed n. ground over which a river usu flows 河床: It's so long since it rained that the river-bed is dry. 很久没有下雨了, 河床都已乾涸. riverside n. ground along the bank of a river 河边; 河畔: go for a walk along the riverside 沿著河 边散步 * [attrib 作定语] a riverside pub 江滨酒店. rivet / 5rIvIt; `rIvIt/ n metal pin or bolt for fastening twopieces of metal together, its headless end being hammered or pressed flat to prevent slipping 铆钉. rivet v. 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] fasten (sth) with a rivet or rivets 铆, 铆接（某物）: riveted together/down/in place 铆接在一起[铆紧/铆好]. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr usu passive 通常用于被动语态] make (sth) immobile; fix 将（某物）固定住: We stood riveted (to the spot). 我们寸步不移地（在那 地方）站著. 3 [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] attract and strongly hold the attention of (sb) 吸引 （某人）; 吸引住（某人）的注意力: I was absolutely riveted by herstory. 她的故事完全把我吸 引住了. riveter n. riveting adj. (approv 褒) that holds the attention; enthralling 吸引人的; 饶有兴味的: an absolutely riveting performance 极为精彩的演出. Riviera / 9rIvI5eErE; 9rIvI`ZrE/ n [sing] 1 the Riviera region along the Mediterranean coast of SE France, Monaco and NW Italy, famous for its climate and beauty and containing many holiday resorts 里维埃拉（位于法国东南部、摩纳哥及意大利西北部的地中海沿岸地区, 以景色优美气候宜人 驰名, 有许多度假胜地）. 2 region thought to resemble this 像里维埃拉那样的海滨度假胜地: the Cornish Riviera 康沃尔海滨度假胜地. rivulet / 5rIvjUlIt; `rIvjElIt/ n small stream 小溪; 细流: rivulets running down the mountainside 从 山上流下来的小溪* rivulets of sweat on his forehead 他前额上淌著的汗水. riyal / ri:5B:l; ri`Bl/ n 1 unit of money in Dubai and Qatar 里亚尔（迪拜酋长国和卡塔尔国的货币 单位）. 2 (also rial) unit of money in Saudi Arabia and the Yemen Arab Republic 里亚尔（沙特阿 拉伯和阿拉伯也门共和国的货币单位）. rly abbr. 缩写= (eg on a map 如地图上的标示) railway. RM / 9B:r 5em; 9Br `Zm/ abbr 缩写= (Brit) Royal Marines 皇家海军陆战队: Capt Tom Pullen RM 皇家海军陆战队上尉汤姆·普伦. rm abbr. 缩写= room: rm 603, eg in a hotel 603 号房间（如旅馆中的）. RN / 9B:r 5en; 9Br `Zn/ abbr 缩写 = 1 (US) registered nurse 注册护士. 2 (Brit) Royal Navy 皇 家海军: Capt L J Grant RN 皇家海军上校LJ 格兰特. RNA / 9B:r en 5eI; 9Br Zn `e/ abbr 缩写 = (chemistry 化) ribonucleic acid 核糖核酸. RNIB / 9B:r en aI 5bi:; 9Br Zn aI `bi/ abbr 缩写= (Brit) Royal National Institute for the Blind 皇 家全国盲人协会. RNLI / 9B:r en el 5aI; 9Br Zn Zl `aI/ abbr 缩写= (Brit) Royal National Lifeboat Institution 皇家 全国救生艇协会. roach / rEUtF; rotF/ n (pl unchanged 复数不变) small freshwater fish of the carp family 拟鲤（一种 鲤科淡水小鱼）. roach / rEUtF; rotF/ n (pl ~es) (esp US) 1 (infml 口) = cock-roach. 2 (sl 俚) stub of a marijuana cigarette 大麻卷烟的烟蒂. road / rEUd; rod/ n 1 (a) way between places, esp one with a prepared surface for the use of motor vehicles 路; 道路; 公路: the road to Bristol/the Bristol road 通往布里斯托尔的公路[布里斯托尔 公路] * main/major/minor roads 公路干线[大路/支路] * a quiet suburban road 清静的郊区道路 * [attrib 作定语] `road junctions 道路交叉处 * `road signs 道路标志牌. (b) (in compounds 用以构 成复合词) of or concerning such a way or ways 道路或公路的; 与道路或公路有关的: a `road-map of Scotland 苏格兰公路交通图* be considerate to other `road-users 礼让行车. 2 Road (abbr 缩 写Rd) (in names of roads, esp in towns 用于道路的名称, 尤用于城镇): 35 York Rd, London SW16 伦敦SW16 约克路35 号. =>Usage 见所附用法. 3 (usu pl 通常作复数) stretch of water near the shore where ships may be anchored （供船只停泊的）近岸水域, 近岸锚地: the Southampton Roads 南安普敦港外锚地. 4 (idm 习语) all roads lead to `Rome (saying 谚) any of the methods, means, etc being considered will bring about the same result in the end 条条道路通罗马; 殊途同归. by `road in or on a road vehicle （乘车）在公路上, 由公路: It's a long way by road the train is more direct. 走公路很远--乘火车近. * It's cheaper to ship goods by road than by rail. 公路运输比铁路运 输便宜. the end of the line/road => end1. hit the road => hit1. one for the road (infml 口) final drink before leaving for home, on a journey, etc 离别酒; 饯别酒. on the `road travelling, esp as a salesman, performer or tramp 在旅途中（尤指推销员、表演者或流浪者）: The band has been on the road for almost a month. 那乐队进行巡回演出近一个月了. the road to sth way towards achieving sth, reaching a goal, etc 实现某事、达到某目标等的途径: the road to success/ruin 成功[毁灭]之途. the road to hell is paved with good intentions (saying 谚) people may be blamed or punished as a result of not putting into practice their original good motives 通往地狱的道路是由良好的意图铺成的（只有 良好动机而不付诸实践, 徒遭埋怨或惩罚）. rule of the road => rule. take to the `road (fml 文) become a tramp 成为流浪者. roadie n. (infml 口) person who works with a pop group, etc on tour, esp moving and setting up equipment 巡回演出的流行音乐乐队等的工作人员（尤指搬道具和布置场地者）. road-block n. barricade across a road, set up by the police or army to stop traffic for search 路障（军 警设置的）. road-hog n. (infml 口) reckless or inconsiderate driver 鲁莽而不顾他人的司机. road-house n. pub, restaurant, etc on a main road in the country （郊外主要公路上的）路边酒店、 饮食店等. road-metal (also metal) n. [U] broken stone used for the making and repairing of roads 筑路和修路 用的碎石; 道砟. roadrunner n. type of cuckoo of Mexico and southern US 走鹃（一种杜鹃鸟, 产于墨西哥及美国 南部）. road safety safety from traffic accidents 公路交通安全: a campaign for road safety, ie to encourage the prevention of road accidents 公路交通安全运动. road sense ability to behave safely on roads, esp while driving 避免发生路面事故的能力; （尤指）安全行车的 能力. road show play, musical, etc performed by a company on tour 巡回演出的戏剧、歌舞喜剧等. roadside n. edge/border of a road 路边; 路旁: parked by/at the roadside 停靠在路边的 * [attrib 作定语] a ,roadside `cafe 路边小餐馆. road tax tax paid by the owner of a motor vehicle to allow him to drive it on public roads 公路税（机动车车主 缴纳的）. `road tax disc (also `road fund licence) (Brit) certificate of payment of road tax, displayed on the vehicle 公路税付讫证（标示于车辆上）. road test test of a vehicle (esp a new model) by using it on a road 车辆（尤指新型号车）的道路试验: The new sports model achieved 100 miles an hour in road tests. 这种新型号赛车于道路测试中时速达100 英 里. `road-test v [Tn] test (a vehicle) in this way 对（车辆）进行道路测试. the roadway n. part of the road used by vehicles, contrasted with the footpath, pavement, etc 车行 道. road-works n. [pl] work involving the construction or repair of roads 道路施工: We were delayed by road-works for two hours. 我们因道路施工耽搁了两个小时. roadworthy adj. (of a vehicle) fit to be driven on a public road （指车辆）适于在公路上行驶的. roadworthiness n. [U]. road NOTE ON USAGE 用法: In a town, street is the most general word for a road lined with buildings 在城镇, street 是指道路时用得最广的词, 其两侧有建筑物: a street-map of London 伦敦 街道图. In British English street is not used for roads outside towns but streets in towns may have the word Road in their names 在英式英语中, street 不用以指城镇外的道路, 而 Road 一词却可用于城 镇街道的名称中: Edgware Road 埃奇韦尔路. An alley or lane is a narrow street between buildings. *alley 和lane 均指小街或小巷. An avenueis usually a wide street of houses, often in the suburbs and lined with trees. *avenue 通常指两旁有房子的宽阔街道, 常指郊区的林荫道. (In US cities avenues often run at right angles to streets. 在美国城市中, avenue 与street 的走向常有纵横之分.) Roads (US highways) connect towns and villages *road （美国用highway ）指连接城乡的公路: a road-map of Ireland 爱尔兰公路交通图. Motorways (US freeways/expressways) are built for long-distance traffic toavoid towns. *motorway （美国用freeway/expressway ）指避开城镇的长距离高速公路. A lane is a narrow country road which winds between fields, connecting villages. *lane 亦指郊外的狭窄小路, 蜿蜒穿过田间, 连接各个村落. Highway is seldom used in British English except in certain official phrases *highway 一词在英式英语中很少使用, 除非用于某些官方用语中: the Highway Code 公 路法规. Road, Street, Lane and Avenue are the most common words used in street names and are often abbreviated in addresses to Rd, St, La, Ave. *Road 、 Street 、 Lane 、 Avenue 是用于街道名称中最 常用的词, 书写地址时常缩写为Rd、 St、 La、 Ave. roam / rEUm; rom/ v 1 [Ipr, Ip, Tn] walk or travel without any definite aim or destination 漫无目的 地走动; 漫步; 漫游; 闲逛: roam through the deserted village 漫步于空寂无人的村庄 * just roaming around 只是随便走走* He used to roam the streets for hours on end. 他过去常逛大街, 一逛就是几个小时. 2 (phr v) roam over sth talk about various things, or various aspects of sth 漫 谈某事: The speaker roamed freely over the events of the past week. 那个人东拉西扯地谈了一些上 周的事. roam n. [sing] walk, etc of this kind 漫步; 漫游; 闲逛. roamer n. person or animal who does this 漫步行走的人或动物: He's a bit of a roamer, ie he tends not to stay in one place for very long. 他在哪儿都呆不长. roan / rEUn; ron/ n, adj [attrib 作定语] (animal, esp a horse or cow) with a coat of mixed colour, esp brown with white or grey hairs in it 杂色毛皮的（尤指棕色中混杂白色或灰色毛的）; 杂色毛动物; （尤指）杂色马或牛: a roan mare 杂色母马. roar / rR:(r); rRr/ n long loud deep sound (like that) made by a lion （狮子的）吼叫声; 似狮子的吼 叫声: the roar of traffic 车辆的隆隆声* a roar of applause, anger, etc 雷鸣般的掌声、怒吼声等 * roars of laughter 哈哈大笑声. roar v. 1 (a) [I, Ipr, Ip] make such long loud deep sounds 吼叫; 咆哮: tigers roaring in their cages 在笼中吼叫的老虎* roar with laughter, pain, rage, etc 放声大笑、痛得大叫、怒吼 * He just roared (ie laughed loudly) when he heard that joke! 他听了那笑话就哈哈地笑起来. * a roaring (ie large, bright and noisy) fire 熊熊烈火. (b) [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (out) express sth in this way 大声表达某 事物: The crowd roared its approval. 群众高呼赞成. * roar out an order 高声发出命令. 2 (idm 习 语) roar oneself `hoarse, etc make oneself hoarse, etc by roaring 喊得嗓子发哑等. 3 (phr v) roar along, down, past, etc move in the specified direction making a loud, deep sound 发出洪亮、深沉的 声音而行、而去、而过等: Cars roared past (us). 汽车隆隆地驶过（我们身边）. roar/shout sb down silence a speaker by shouting loudly so that he cannot be heard 大声喊叫以压倒某人的讲话声（使其 讲不下去）. roaring / 5rR:rIN; `rRrIN/ adj [attrib 作定语] 1 noisy; rough or stormy 吼叫的; 喧闹的; 狂暴的; 狂风暴雨的: roaring thunder 震耳的雷声* a roaring night 狂风暴雨之夜. 2 (idm 习语) do a roaring `trade (in sth) sell (sth) very quickly; do excellent business (in sth) 畅销; 生意兴隆. the roaring `forties part of the Atlantic Ocean, often very stormy, between latitudes of 40 and 50 S （大西 洋的）风暴带（在南纬40 和50 之间）. a roaring suc`cess a very great success 巨大的成功; 辉煌 的胜利. adv extremely and noisily 极度且喧闹地: roaring mad, ie very angry 大发雷霆 * roaring drunk 大耍酒疯. roast / rEUst; rost/ v 1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] cook (meat, etc) in an oven, or over or in front of a fire 烤（肉 等）: roast a joint of meat, a chicken, some potatoes 烤一大块肉、鸡、一些土豆. (b) [I, Ipr] be cooked in this way 烤; 烘; 焙: the delicious smell of meat roasting in its own juices 原汁烤肉的香 味. =>Usage at cook 用法见cook. 2 [Tn] dry (sth) and turn it brown using intense heat 烘乾或烤 （某物）: roast coffee beans, peanuts, chestnuts 烘焙咖啡豆、花生、栗子. 3 [I, Tn] expose (sb/oneself) to the heat of a fire, the sun, etc 烤火; 晒太阳: We're going to lie in the sun and roast for two weeks. 我们打算躺著晒太阳, 晒上两个星期. * roast one's toes in front of the fire 在火前烤脚 趾. 4 [Tn] (US infml 口) criticize (sb/sth) harshly, esp in jest; ridicule 严厉批评（某人[某事物]） （尤指以取笑方式）; 嘲讽: The critics roasted her new play. 评论家狠狠挖苦她的新剧. roast adj. [attrib 作定语] cooked in an oven, etc 烘烤的; 烤制的: roast beef 烤牛肉. n 1 [C] joint of meat that has been roasted or is meant for roasting 烤过的或适于烤食的大块肉: order a roast from the butcher 向肉商订购一块烤著吃的大块肉. 2 [C] (esp US) outdoor picnic or barbecue at which food is roasted 户外烧烤野餐. 3 [C, U] (US infml 口) (occasion of) harsh criticism or ridicule, esp in jest 严厉的批评; 嘲讽; （尤指）挖苦. roaster n. type of chicken, etc suitable for roasting 适于烤食的鸡等. Cf 参看 broiler (broil). roasting adj. (infml 口) very hot 极热的; 火烫的: It's roasting today! ie The weather is very hot. 今天热极了! n (idm 习语) give sb/get a (good, real, etc) `roasting scold sb/be scolded severely 严 厉批评某人[受到严厉批评]. rob / rCb; rBb/ v (-bb-) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (of sth)1 take property from (a person or place) illegally 抢夺; 抢劫; 盗窃: I was robbed (of my cash and cheque-book). 我（的现金和支票簿）被抢了. * accused of robbing a bank (of one million pounds) 被控抢劫银行（一百万镑）. =>Usage 见所附用 法. 2 deprive sb/sth (of what is expected or normal) 剥夺某人[某事物]（想要的或应有的事物）: Those cats robbed me of my sleep. 那些猫吵得我无法入睡. * (fig 比喻) The fact that he had lied before robbed his words of any credibility. 由于他过去说过谎话, 他的话已经没有人相信了. 3 (idm 习语) ,rob ,Peter to ,pay `Paul pay one debt, etc with money borrowed from somewhere else, thus creating another debt 借新债还旧债; 拆东墙补西墙. robber n. person who robs; thief 抢劫者; 强盗; 盗贼. robbery / 5rCbErI; `rBbErI/ n [C, U] 1 (instance of) stealing; theft 抢劫; 盗窃; 偷盗; 失窃: three robberies in one week 一周内的三起劫案* Armed robbery is on the increase everywhere. 持 械劫案各地均有增无已. 2 (idm 习语) daylight robbery => daylight. rob NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Compare rob, steal and burgle. 试比较 rob、 steal 、 burgle 这三个 词. A robber or thief robs a place, eg a bank, or a person (of things, especially money) and he steals things (from a place or person). 劫匪或强盗rob 的对象是｀某处所（如银行）或某人＇; 他们劫的｀ 物（尤指钱）＇要用｀of +物＇来表达. 他们steal 的对象是｀物＇; 受损失的｀处所或人＇要用｀ from + 处所或人＇来表达. A burglar burgles a house by forcing a way into it and stealing from it. 窃 贼burgle 的对象是｀房子＇, 指以破门、撬锁等手段强行入户行窃. robe / rEUb; rob/ n 1 (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) long loose outer garment 长袍: a beach-robe 海滩罩袍* Many Arabs wear long flowing robes. 许多阿拉伯人身穿松垂的长袍. 2 (esp pl 尤作复数) such a garment worn as a sign of rank or office, or for a ceremony （作为级别或职 位标志的）袍服, 礼袍: coro`nation robes,ie of a king or queen 加冕礼袍（国王或女王穿的） * cardinals in scarlet robes 身穿红袍的红衣主教. 3 (US also `bathrobe) dressing-gown 晨衣. robe v. [esp passive 尤用于被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/oneself (in sth) (fml 文) dress sb/oneself in a robe, etc 给某人[自己]穿上长袍、袍服、晨衣等: black-robed judges 穿黑袍的法官* robed in a ceremonial gown 穿礼袍的. robin / 5rCbIn; `rBbIn/ n 1 (also ,robin `redbreast) small brown red-breasted bird 鸲, 欧洲鸲（褐色 小鸟, 胸部红色）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1 插图, page iv. 2 (US) type of N American thrush resembling this （北美的）知更鸟（似欧洲鸲）. Heath Robinson / 9hi:W 5rCbInsEn; 9hiW `rBbInsEn/ (of equipment) absurdly complicated and unlikely to work （指设备）结构复杂古怪而未必中用的: [attrib 作定语] a Heath Robinson contraption 稀奇古怪而不实用的玩意儿. robot / 5rEUbCt; `robBt/ n [C] 1 (also automaton) machine that (resembles and) can perform the actionsof a person, operated automatically or by remote control 机器人: Many production-line tasks in car factories are now performed by robots. 在汽车制造厂里, 生产线上的许多工作现在是由机器 人来完成的. 2 (esp derog 尤作贬义) person who seems to behave like a machine 行动像机器般 的人. Cf 参看 automaton 2. 3 (in Southern Africa) an automatic traffic-light （非洲南部）自动交 通信号灯. robotic / rEU5bCtIk; ro`bBtIk/ adj like a robot; stiff and mechanical 像机器人的; 呆板而机械的: robotic movements 呆板而机械的动作. robotics n [sing v] (study of the) use of robots in manufacturing 机器人的应用; 机器人学. robust / rEU5bQst; ro`bQst/ adj 1 vigorous; healthy and strong 有活力的; 强健的: a robust young man 身强力壮的青年男子* a robust appetite 旺盛的食欲. 2 (derog 贬) not delicate or refined 粗野的; 粗鲁的: a rather robust sense of humour 颇为粗俗的幽默感. 3 (of wine) full-bodied （指 酒）浓烈的, 醇厚的. robustly adv. robustness n. [U]. rock / rCk; rBk/ n 1 (a) [U] (usu solid) part of the earth's crust 岩层; 岩: They drilled through several layers of rock to reach the oil. 他们钻透了几层岩石以寻找石油. * The volcano poured out molten rock. 火山喷出了熔岩. (b) [C] mass of this standing out from the earth's surface or from the sea 岩石; 礁石: The ship hit some rocks and sank. 那船触到了一些暗礁沉没了. * the Rock of Gibraltar 直布罗陀山. 2 [C] (a) large detached stone or boulder 大石块; 大圆石: The sign said, `Danger: falling rocks'. 告示牌上写著: ｀危险, 前面有滚石＇. (b) (US) small stone or pebble 小石 子; 卵石: That boy threw a rock at me. 那男孩朝我扔了一块石子. 3 [U] (Brit) type of hard sugar sweet, usu made in cylindrical sticks and flavoured with peppermint 硬棒糖（通常含薄荷味）: a stick of rock 一条硬棒糖. 4 (idm 习语) (as) firm/solid as a `rock immovable; dependable 稳固如磐石 的; 可靠的. on the `rocks (a) (of a ship) wrecked on rocks （指船）触礁. (b) (infml 口) (of a marriage, business, etc) in danger of failing; in a severe crisis （指婚姻等）濒于破裂; （指生意等）濒于破 产. (c) (infml 口) (of drinks) served with ice cubes but no water （指饮料）加冰块而不加水的: Scotch (ie whisky) on the rocks 加冰块的威士忌酒. rockery / 5rCkErI; `rBkErI/ (also rock-garden) n artificial or natural mound or bank containing large stones, planted with rock-plants （天然的）岩石庭园; 假山庭园. =>illus at App 1 见附录1 插图, page vii. rocky adj. (-ier, -iest) 1 of or like rock （似）岩石的: a rocky outcrop 露出地面的岩石. 2 full of rocks 多岩石的: rocky soil 多石的土壤. rockiness n. [U]. rock-bottom n. [sing] (used without a/the 不用a/the) lowest point 最低点: Prices have reached rock-bottom. 物价已下降到最低点. * [attrib 作定语] ,rock-bottom (ie bargain) `prices 最低的价 格. rock-cake n. small cake or bun with a hard rough surface 一种表皮粗硬的小糕饼或小圆面包. rock-climbing n. [U] sport of climbing rock surfaces 攀岩运动. rock-crystal n. [U] pure natural transparent quartz 水晶. rock-garden n. = rockery. rock-plant n. any of various types of plant found growing on or among rocks 岩生植物. rock salmon ( Brit) (piece of) dogfish sold as food （作为食物出售的）角鲨, 角鲨鱼片. rock-salt n. [U] common salt as mined in crystal form 岩盐; 石盐. rock-steady adj. unlikely to fall over, be changed, etc 稳固的; 不动摇的; 不改变的: a ,rock-steady `chair, `friendship 结实的椅子、牢不可破的友谊* Prices in the shares market are rock-steady. 股 票市场的价格非常平稳. rock / rCk; rBk/ v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] (cause sb/sth to) move gently (backwards and forwards, or from side to side) （使某人[某物]）（前后或左右）轻轻摆动, 摇动, 摇晃: He sat rocking (himself) in his chair. 他坐在椅子上前后摇动著. * rock a baby to sleep 摇晃婴儿使其入睡* Our boat was rocked (from side to side) by/on the waves. 我们的船被波浪冲得[在波浪中]（左右）摇摇晃晃. 2 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] (cause sth to) shake violently （使某物）剧烈震动或摇摆: The whole house rocked (to and fro) when the bomb exploded. 炸弹爆炸时整座房子都震得（前后）直晃. * The town was rocked by an earthquake. 该城遭地震而发生剧烈震动. 3 [Tn] (fig 比喻) disturb or shock (sb/sth) greatly 使（某人[某事物]）极为不安或震惊: The scandal rocked the government. 这件丑闻把政府 搅得十分狼狈. 4 (idm 习语) rock the `boat (infml 口) do sth that upsets the balance of a situation, etc 做某事从而使局面等失去平衡: Things are progressing well don't (do anything to) rock the boat. 事情进行得很顺利--（千万）不要无风生浪. rocker n. 1 either of the curved pieces of wood on which a rocking-chair, etc rests （摇椅等下面 的）弧形摇板. =>illus at App 1 见附录1 插图, page xvi. 2 = rocking-chair. 3 (also `rocker switch) switch that changes from `on' to `off' by means of a rocking action 摇臂式开关; 摇压开关. 4 Rocker (Brit) member of a 1960's teenage gang or their later followers, wearing leather jackets and riding motor bikes 洛可帮（20 世纪60 年代的青少年帮派, 好穿皮夹克和骑摩托车）的成员或其 追随者. Cf 参看 mod. 5 (idm 习语) off one's `rocker (sl 俚) out of one's mind; crazy 精神失常; 发疯: You must be off your rocker! 你简直疯了! rocky / 5rCkI; `rBkI/ adj (-ier, -iest) shaky; unsteady 摇摆的; 摇晃的; 不稳的: This chair is a trifle rocky. 这把椅子有点摇晃. * ( 　?Ifig 比喻) Their marriage seems a bit rocky. 他们的婚姻好像有 些问题. rockiness n. [U]. rocking-chair (also rocker) n. chair mounted on rockers or with springs so that it can be rocked by the sitter 摇椅. =>illus at App 1 见附录1 插图, page xvi. rocking-horse n. wooden horse mounted on rockers or springs so that it can be rocked by a child sitting on it （儿童游戏用的）木马. rock / rCk; rBk/ n [U] (also `rock music) type of modern popular music with a strong beat, played on electric guitars, etc 摇滚乐: [attrib 作定语] a `rock star 摇滚乐歌星. rock v. [I, Ipr] dance to this music 跳摇滚舞. rock and roll (also ,rock 'n' `roll) earlier (and usu simpler) form of this （初期的, 通常较简单的）摇滚乐: [attrib 作定语] Jerry Lee Lewis was a rock 'n' roll singer. 杰里·李·刘易斯是初期摇滚乐歌手. v [I] dance to rock and roll music 跳初期的摇滚舞. rocket / 5rCkIt; `rBkIt/ n 1 firework or similar device that shoots into the air when lit and then explodes 火箭式烟火或类似装置: a di`stress rocket, ie used to signal for help 呼救信号火箭. 2 (a) cylindrical device that flies by expelling gases produced by combustion, used to propel a warhead or spacecraft 火箭（发射器）. (b) bomb or shell together with the rocket propelling it 火箭（弹）: [attrib 作定语] a `rocket attack 火箭攻击. =>illus 见插图. 3 (idm 习语) give sb/get a `rocket (Brit infml 口) reprimand sb/be reprimanded severely 严厉斥责某人[受到严厉斥责]. rocket v. 1 [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (up) increase very rapidly 迅速增加: Unemployment levels have rocketed (to new heights). 失业率猛然上升（到新的水平）. * House prices are rocketing (up). 房价在飞涨. 2 [Ipr, Ip] move extremely quickly 飞快地移动: He rocketed to stardom (ie became famous) overnight. 他转瞬间成了明星. * rocket along, away, off, past, etc 飞快地行进、离开、离去、越 过等. rocketry / 5rCkItrI; `rBkItrI/ n [U] (science or practiceof) using rockets for propelling missiles or spacecraft 火箭学; 火箭技术. rocky => rock1, rock2. rococo / rE5kEUkEU; rE`koko/ adj of a style of decorationin furniture, architecture, music, etc with much elaboratedecoration, common in Europe in the 18th century 洛可可式的（ 18 世纪盛行于欧 洲的家具、建筑、音乐等精致的装饰艺术风格）. rod / rCd; rBd/ n 1 (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) thin straight piece of wood or metal （木质或金属的）杆, 竿, 棍, 棒: `curtain-rods 挂帘子的杆子 * a `measuring rod 测杆 * `piston-rods 活塞杆. 2 stick used for hitting people as a punishment; cane(3a) （责打用的）棍棒. 3 = fishing-rod (fish2). 4 (US sl 俚) hand gun 手枪. 5 = perch1 3. 6 (idm 习语) make a rod for one's own `back do sth likely to cause oneself difficulties later 自讨苦吃; 自找麻烦. a rod/stick to beat sb with => beat1. rule with a rod of iron => rule v. spare the rod and spoil the child => spare2. rode pt of ride2. rodent / 5rEUdnt; `rodnt/ n type of small animal that gnaws things with its strong front teeth, eg a rat, squirrel or beaver 啮齿目动物（如鼠、松鼠或海狸）. rodeo / rEU5deIEU; ?@ 5rEUdIEU; `rodI9o/ n (pl ~s) 1 rounding up of cattle on a ranch, for branding, etc（在牧场中）驱集牛群（为打烙印等）. 2 exhibition or contest of cowboys' skill in lassoing and riding cattle, untamed horses, etc 牛仔竞技表演或比赛（表演掷套索、骑牛、驯马等）. rodomontade / 9rCdEmCn5teId, -5tB:d; 9rBdEmBn`ted,-`tBd/ n [U] (fml derog 文, 贬 ) boastful bragging talk 狂言; 大话; 吹嘘; 吹牛. roe / rEU; ro/ n [U, C] (mass of) eggs in a female fish's ovary (hard roe) or a male fish's milt (soft roe) 雌鱼的卵块（硬鱼子）; 雄鱼的精块或精液（软鱼子）. roe / rEU; ro/ n (pl unchanged or ~s 复数或不变或作roes) (also `roe deer) type of small deer 欧洲 和亚洲的产的一种鹿（鹿的一种, 体小）. roebuck n. male roe 雄鹿. roentgen (also rontgen) / 5rCntjEn; ?@ 5rentgEn;`rZnt-En/ n unit of ionizing radiation (eg in X-rays) 伦琴（电离辐射单位, 如X 射线的）. rogations / rEU5geIFnz; ro`-eFEnz/ n [pl] special litany sung on the three days (Ro`gation Days) before Ascension Day （耶稣升天节前三天即祈祷日所唱的）祈祷文. Rogation Sunday the Sunday before Ascension Day 耶稣升天节之前的星期日. roger / 5rCdVE(r); `rBdVL/ interj 1 (in radio communications) your message has been received and understood （无线电通讯用语）信息收到, 明白. 2 (Brit infml or joc 口或谑) okay 好的; 可以; 行; 对. roger / 5rCdVE(r); `rBdVL/ v [Tn] ( Brit sl euph 讳, 俚, 婉) (of a male) have sexual intercourse with (sb) （指男子）与（某人）性交. rogue / rEUg; ro-/ n 1 (dated 旧) dishonest or unprincipled man 不诚实或不道德的男子; 无耻之 徒. 2 (joc esp approv 谑, 尤作褒义 ) mischievous person 调皮捣蛋的人: He's a charming rogue. 他是淘气鬼. 3 wild animal driven or living apart from the herd 离群的野兽: [attrib 作定语] a ,rogue `elephant 离群的野象. roguery / 5rEUgErI; `ro-ErI/ n [C, U] (instance of) dishonest, unprincipled or mischievous behaviour 不诚实的、不道德的或调皮捣蛋的行为. roguish / 5rEUgIF; `ro-IF/ adj mischievous in a playful way 调皮的; 淘气的; 恶作剧的: He gave her a roguish look. 他调皮地看了她一眼. roguishly adv. roguishness n. [U]. rogues' gallery police collection of photographs of criminals, used for identifying suspects, etc （警方存档的）罪犯 照片集. roistering / 5rRIstErIN; `rRIstErIN/ adj [attrib 作定语], n [U] (dated 旧) noisy merrymaking 喧闹作 乐（的）. roisterer / 5rRIstErE(r); `rRIstErL/ n. role (also role) / rEUl; rol/ n 1 actor's part in a play 角色: play a variety of roles 扮演各种的角色 * the title-role 主角. 2 function or importance of sb/sth 作用; 重要性: the key role of the teacher in the learning process 教师在教学中的关键作用 * the declining role of the railways in the transport system 在运输系统中, 铁路的重要性逐渐下降. role-play n. [U, C] activity (esp in language teaching or treating mentally ill people) in which a person acts a part 角色扮演; （尤指语言教学或治疗精神病患者的）角色演习. v [I, Tn]: to role-play a situation 演习处理某情况. roll / rEUl; rol/ n 1 (a) cylinder made by turning flexible material over and over on itself without folding it 卷状物: Wallpaper is bought in rolls. 壁纸是成卷买的. * a roll of carpet, film, cloth 一卷 地毯、胶卷、布. (b) person or thing with this shape 带有卷状物的人或物: a man with rolls of fat around his stomach 腹部有层层肥肉的男子. 2 (a) small individual portion of bread baked in a rounded shape 小圆面包: Six brown rolls, please. 请给我来六个黑面包. =>illus at bread 见bread 插图. Cf 参看bun 1. (b) (with a preceding n or ns 用于名词之后) one of these containing the stated filling 有某种馅的小圆面包: a ham roll 火腿面包* a bacon and tomato roll 腌猪肉加西红柿馅的 面包. 3 swaying movement; action of turning (over) from side to side 摇摆; 摇晃; （左右）翻滚: The slow, steady roll of the ship made us feel sick. 船老是晃晃悠悠的, 弄得我们很恶心. * walk with a nautical roll, ie like a sailor 走路摇摇晃晃（像海员似的）* a horse enjoying a roll in the grass 在 草地上尽情打滚的马. Cf 参看pitch3 6. 4 official list or register, esp of names 正式的表册; 登 记表; （尤指）名单, 花名册: the electoral roll, ie the list of people eligible to vote in an election 选 举人名单* call/read the roll in school, class, etc, ie read aloud a list of names to check whether everyone is present 在学校、班...里点名. 5 long steady vibrating sound 持续而平稳的振动声: A `drum roll preceded the most dangerous part of the performance. 演出快进行到最惊险的部分时响 起了咚咚的鼓声. * the distant roll of thunder 远处传来的隆隆雷声. 6 (US infml 口) (Brit `bankroll) wad of paper money 一卷或一叠钞票. roll-bar n. bar used to strengthen the roof of a car and protect the occupants if the car rolls over 翻 车保护杠（汽车顶部的加固杠, 翻车时可保护乘车人）. roll-call n. (time of) reading aloud of a list of names to check whether everyone is present 点名（时 间）: Roll-call will be at 7 am. 上午7 时点名. roll of honour list of people whose achievements are honoured, esp those who have died in battle 荣誉名册; （尤 指）阵亡将士名册. roll-top desk desk with a flexible cover that rolls up into a compartment at the top 卷盖式书桌（顶盖可卷起）. roll / rEUl; rol/ v 1 [Ipr, Ip, Tn.pr, Tn.p] (cause sth to) move on wheels or rollers or by turning (over and over) （使某物）滚动: The ball rolled down the hill. 球滚下了山. * The hoop rolled along the pavement. 圆环沿人行道滚动. * The coin fell and rolled away. 硬币掉下滚走了. * men rolling barrels across a yard 滚著圆桶经过院子的人* Roll it over and look at the other side. 把它翻滚过 来看看另一面. 2 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] (cause sth to) turn on an axis, over and over or round and round （使某物）转动, 旋转, 转圈: a porpoise rolling in the water 在水中翻滚的鼠海豚 * His eyes rolled strangely/He rolled his eyes strangely. 他那双眼睛滴溜溜地转动, 甚是古怪[他滴溜溜 转动著眼睛, 甚是古怪]. * rolling a pencil between his fingers 把铅笔夹在他的指头上捻. 3 [Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p, Dn.n] ~ (sth) (up) make (sth) or be made into the shape of a ball or cylinder; fold (sth) over on itself （将某物）卷或绕成球形或圆柱形; 卷起（某物）: The hedgehog rolled up into a spiky ball. 刺卷起身子成了一个刺球. * I always roll my own (cigarettes). 我总是抽自己卷的 （烟）. * roll string, wool, etc (up) into a ball 把细绳、毛线等绕成线团* roll up a carpet, a map, a towel 把地毯、地图、毛巾卷起来* He rolled himself a cigarette. 他自己卷了一枝烟. Cf 参看 unroll. 4 [Tn, Tn.pr] wrap or cover (sb/sth) in sth 将（某人[某物]）包或裹在某物内: He rolled himself (up) in his blanket. 他用毛毯裹住身体. * roll the sausages in batter 把香肠放在蛋奶面糊里 滚一下. 5 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p, Cn.a] flatten (sth) with a roller(1) 用衮子轧平（某物）; 将（某物） 碾平: roll a lawn 把草坪碾平* roll out the dough 干面团* roll the ground flat 把地碾平. (a) [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] (cause sb/sth to) sway or rock (from side to side) （使某人[某物]）（左 右）摇摆或摇晃: The ship was rolling heavily to and fro. 那船晃来晃去很不平稳. * walk with a rolling gait 走起路来摇摇晃晃* The huge waves rolled the ship from side to side. 巨浪把船打得 左右摇晃. Cf 参看pitch2 4. (b) [I, Ipr] sway or rock helplessly 不由自主地摇摆或摇晃: rolling with laughter 笑得前仰后合* rolling drunk 醉得东倒西歪. 7 [I, Ipr, Ip] (appear to) rise and fall; undulate 起伏; 作起伏状; 波动: rolling hills 绵延起伏的丘陵地带* waves rolling in to the beach 涌向海滩的滚滚浪涛. 8 [I] make a long continuous vibrating sound 发出持续颤动的声音: The thunder rolled. 雷声隆隆. * rolling drums 咚咚的鼓声. 9 [I, Tn] (infml 口) (cause film cameras to) begin working （使电影摄影机或电视摄像机）开拍, 开机: Let them roll!/Roll 'em! 开机! 10 [Tn] (US infml 口) rob (esp sb drunk or asleep) 抢劫（某人, 尤指抢喝醉的或睡觉的人）. 11 (idm 习 语) be `rolling (in money/it/cash) (sl 俚) have lots (of money) 有许多（钱）: What do you mean, he can't afford it? He's absolutely rolling (in money)! 你这是怎麽说, 他负担不起? 他可有的是钱! heads will roll => head1. keep/start the ball rolling => ball1. rolled into `one combined in one person or thing 合为一体; 兼于一身: He's an artist, a scientist and a shrewd businessman (all) rolled into one. 他既是艺术家, 又是科学家, 同时还是个精明的生意人. ,rolling in the `aisles much amused; helpless with laughter 乐不可支; 捧腹大笑: The comedian soon had them rolling in the aisles. 那滑 稽演员很快就逗得他们捧腹大笑. roll one's `r's pronounce the sound of the letter `r' with vibration of the tongue against the palate 发r 的舌尖颤音. roll `up! roll `up! (used to invite passers-by to join an audience, etc 邀请过往行人进入观看等之用语). roll up one's `sleeves (fig 比喻) prepare to work or fight 卷起袖子（准备工作或战斗）. 12 (phr v) roll sth back (a) turn or force back (eg enemy forces) 赶回或击退（如敌军）. (b) (esp US) reduce (prices, etc) 降低（价格等）: roll back inflation 缓解 通货膨胀. roll in (infml 口) (a) arrive in great numbers or quantities 滚滚而来; 大量涌来: Offers of help are still rolling in. 仍不断有人提出愿予以帮助. (b) arrive casually 不期然到达: She rolled in for work twenty minutes late. 她懒懒散散地来上班, 迟到了二十分钟. roll (sth) on (a) apply, spread, etc (sth) by rolling 用滚动方法敷、涂...（某物）: This paint is easy to roll on/rolls on easily. 这种 颜料用滚轴涂布很容易. (b) (of time) pass steadily （指时间）不断地流逝: The years rolled on. 岁 月流逝. (c) (used in the imperative 用于祈使句) come soon 赶快来到: Roll on the holidays! 假期 快来吧! roll up (infml 口) (of a person or vehicle) arrive （指人或车辆）到达: Bill finally rolled up two hours late. 比尔终于来了, 迟到了两个小时. rolled gold thin coating of gold applied to the surface of another metal 金箔; 包金. rolled oats oats that have had the husks removed and have been crushed 燕麦片. rolling-mill n. machine or factory in which metal is rolled into sheets, bars, etc 轧钢机; 轧钢厂. rolling-pin n. cylinder of wood, glass, etc used for rolling out dough, pastry, etc 杆面棍; 杆面杖. =>illus at kitchen 见 kitchen 插图. rolling-stock n. [U] railway engines, carriages, wagons, etc collectively 铁路各种车辆的总称. rolling stone 1 person who does not settle down to live and work in one place 无固定住处和工作的人. 2 (idm 习 语) a ,rolling ,stone ,gathers no `moss (saying 谚) sb of this type is free of responsibilities, family ties, etc and has no wealth 滚石不生苔（喻人既无责任、无家室等, 又无钱财）. roll-on 1 n cosmetic applied by means of a ball that rotates in the neck of the container 滚抹式化妆品（容器 口有可转动涂布的圆球）: [attrib 作定语] roll-on deodorants 滚抹除臭剂. 2 (dated 旧) woman's elastic corset rolled on over the hips 女用弹力紧身内裤. roll-on roll-off ( abbr 缩写roro) designed to allow vehicles to be driven onto and off it 供车辆驶 进驶出的; 滚装: a roll-on roll-off ferry 驶进驶出式渡船. roll-up n. (infml 口) cigarette rolled by hand 手卷的纸烟: He always smokes roll-ups. 他总是抽 手卷的纸烟. roller / 5rEUlE(r); `rolL/ n [C] 1 (a) cylinder used for flattening or spreading things （碾轧或涂布用 的）衮子: a garden roller, ie for use on a lawn 园圃滚压机（碾草坪用）* a `road-roller, ie for levelling tarmac on roads, etc 压路机. (b) cylinder on which sth is placed to enable it to be moved 滚 柱, 滚轴（物体置于其上便于移动）: The huge machine was moved to its new position on rollers. 那 台巨型机器用滚柱移到了新的地方. (c) cylinder on which sth is wound （缠绕东西的）滚筒, 滚轴: a `roller-blind, ie a type of window blind wound on a roller 卷式窗帘. (d) small cylinder of plastic around which hair is wound to make it curl 塑料发卷: put her hair in rollers （她）用发卷卷发. 2 long swelling wave 翻滚的巨浪: rollers crashing on the beach 冲击海滩的巨浪. roller bandage long surgical bandage which is rolled up before being unrolled onto a limb, etc 绷带卷. roller-coaster (Brit also switchback) n. type of railway with open cars, tight turns and very steep slopes (found in funfairs, amusement parks, etc) 过山车, 云霄飞车（游乐场、娱乐园等处的惊险 游戏车）. roller-skate (also skate) n. type of shoe with small wheels fitted to the bottom, allowing the wearer to glide over hard surfaces 旱冰鞋; 辘鞋: a pair of roller-skates 一双旱冰鞋. =>illus at skate 见 skate 插图. v [I, Ipr, Ip] roll about smoothly wearing a pair of these 穿旱冰鞋滑行: She roller-skated across rather unsteadily. 她穿著旱冰鞋晃晃悠悠地滑了过去. roller-skating n. [U]. roller towel continuous loop of towel hung over a roller 滚带毛巾（套在滚筒上连续使用的毛巾）. rollicking / 5rClIkIN; `rBlIkIN/ adj [attrib 作定语] (dated 旧) noisy and jolly 喧闹而欢乐的: have a rollicking time 尽情欢乐. rollmop / 5rEUlmCp; `rol9mBp/ n (also ,rollmop `herring) herring fillet rolled up and pickled in vinegar 醋渍鲱鱼卷. roly-poly / 9rEUlI5pEUlI; 9rolI`polI/ n [C, U] 1 (also roly-poly pudding) (Brit) pudding made from suet pastry spread with jam, rolled up and boiled （有果酱的）布丁卷. 2 (infml 口) short and plump person 矮胖的人: She's a real roly-poly. 她可真是又矮又胖. ROM / rCm; rBm/ abbr 缩写 = (computing 计) read only memory 只读存储器: a ROM software component 只读存储器软件元件. Cf 参看 RAM 1. Roman / 5rEUmEn; `romEn/ adj 1 (a) of ancient or modern Rome 古罗马的; 现代罗马的. (b) of the ancient Roman republic or empire 古罗马共和国的; 古罗马帝国的: ,Roman re`mains 古罗马 的遗迹* an old Roman road 古罗马的道路. 2 of the Christian Church of Rome; Roman Catholic 罗马基督教会的; 天主教的: the Roman rite, eg contrasted with Greek or Russian Orthodox 天主教 仪式（如与希腊或俄国东正教之仪式相对）. 3 roman (of printing type) in ordinary upright form, like that used for this definition （指印刷字体）罗马字体的, 正体的: The words in the definition are roman/are set in roman type. 本定义中的英文字使用的是罗马字体. Cf 参看 italic. Roman n. 1 [C] member of the ancient Roman republic or empire 古罗马共和国或帝国的人; 古 罗马人: after the Romans invaded Britain 在古罗马人入侵不列颠之后. 2 [C] native or inhabitant of the city of Rome 罗马市民. 3 [C] Roman Catholic 天主教教徒. 4 roman [U] plain upright type (not italic) like that used for the definitions in this dictionary 罗马字体,正体（如本词典英文定 义使用的字体）: The above definition is set in roman; this example is in italics. 上面的定义用的是 正体字排印的, 本例句用的是斜体. 5 (idm 习语) when in Rome, do as the Romans do (saying 谚) one should change one's habits to suit the customs of the place one is living in or of the people one is living with 入乡随俗. the Roman alphabet the letters A to Z, used esp in West European languages 罗马字母（表）（尤用于西欧语言）. Cf 参 看 Cyrillic. Roman candle tubular firework that emits coloured sparks 罗马烟火筒（能喷发彩色火花）. Roman Catholic (also Catholic) ( member) of the Church that acknowledges the Pope as its head 天 主教的; 天主教徒: He's (a) Roman Catholic. 他是天主教徒. Cf 参看 Protestant. ,Roman Catholicism the faith of the Roman Catholic Church 天主教: convert to Roman Catholicism 皈依天 主教. Roman nose nose with a high bridge 1(4a) 鹰钩鼻（高鼻梁）. Roman numerals ( system of) letters representing numbers 罗马数字（体系）（以字母记数） =>App 4 见附录4. Cf 参看arabic numerals (Arabic). Romance / rEU5mnAs; ro`mAns/ adj [attrib 作定语] of those languages (the Romance languages) which are descended from Latin, eg French, Italian, Spanish 罗曼语的（由拉丁语演变而成的语言, 如法语、意大利语、西班牙语）. Cf 参看 Latin 2. romance / rEU5mAns; ro`mAns/ n 1 [C, U] imaginative story; literature of this kind 富于想像力的 故事; 浪漫故事; 浪漫作品; 传奇文学: (a) medieval romance 中世纪的传奇故事. 2 [U] romantic atmosphere or feeling 浪漫气氛; 传奇色彩: There was an air of romance about the old castle. 那座古堡颇有传奇色彩. 3 [C] love story; love affair resembling this 爱情故事; 风流韵事: She writes romances about rich men and beautiful women. 她写的是富翁美女的爱情故事. * a holiday romance 假日的风流事. 4 [C, U] (instance of) colourful exaggeration or make-believe 绘 声绘色的夸张或虚构; 虚构的情节: The story he told was complete romance. 他说的那件事纯属 虚构. romance v. [I] exaggerate or distort the truth in an imaginative way; romanticize 凭藉想像夸张、 歪曲或捏造事实; 赋予浪漫色彩: given to colourful romancing 爱绘声绘色地夸张事实. Romanesque / 9rEUmE5nesk; 9romEn`Zsk/ adj, n [U] (of the) style of architecture current in Europe from about 1050 to 1200, with round arches, thick walls, huge vaulting, etc 罗马风格（的）, 罗马式 （的）（约1050 年至1200 年流行于欧洲的建筑风格, 以使用圆拱、厚墙、巨大拱顶等为特徵）. Romano- : comb form 构词成分Roman; of Rome 罗马的: Romano-British settlements 罗马人在 英国的居民点. romantic / rEU5mAntIk; ro`mAntIk/ adj 1 appealing to the emotions by its imaginative, heroic or picturesque quality （因有想像力、侠义气概或生动性）动人的, 有浪漫色彩的, 传奇的: romantic scenes, adventures, tales 富于传奇色彩的场面、冒险、故事* The Lake District is a very romantic area. 英国湖区很有浪漫色彩. 2 [esp attrib 尤作定语] involving a love affair 爱情的; 罗曼蒂克 的: a romantic involvement 堕入情网* romantic complications 爱情上的纠葛. 3 (of people, their characters, etc) enjoying emotional situations （指人、性格等）多情的, 浪漫的: She has a dreamy romantic nature. 她爱幻想又多情. 4 (also Romantic) [esp attrib 尤作定语] (of music, literature, etc) marked by feeling rather than intellect; preferring wild nature, passion, etc to order and proportion （指音乐、文学等）浪漫主义的: Keats is one of the greatest Romantic poets. 济慈是伟大的浪漫 主义诗人. * a masterpiece of the Romantic school/movement 浪漫派[浪漫主义运动]的杰作. romantic n. 1 person who enjoys romantic situations 浪漫的人. 2 (also Romantic) romantic artist 浪漫派艺术家. romantically / -klI; -klI/ adv. romanticism / rEU5mAntIsIzEm; ro`mAntE9sIzEm/ n [U] 1 romantic feelings, attitudes or behaviour 浪漫的感情、态度或行为. 2 (also Romanticism) Romantic tendency in literature, art and music （文艺及音乐中的）浪漫主义. Cf 参看classicism, idealism 2, realism 2. romanticist / -tIsIst; -tEsIst/ n. romanticize, romanticise / -tIsaIz; -tE9saIz/ v [I, Tn] (esp derog 尤作贬义) exaggerate or distort (the truth) in an imaginative, falsely heroic, etc way （以想像的、虚构英雄事迹等方式）夸大或歪 曲（事实）: Don't romanticize stick to the facts. 别夸夸其谈了--说实际的吧. * a novel that refuses to romanticize the grim realities of war 毫不掩盖战争中残酷现实的小说. Romany / 5rCmEnI; `rBmEnI/ n 1 [C] gipsy 吉卜赛人.2 [U] language of the gipsies 吉卜赛语. Romany adj. [usu attrib 通常作定语] of gipsies or their language 吉卜赛人的; 吉卜赛语的. romp / rCmp; rBmp/ v 1 [I, Ipr, Ip] (esp of children or animals) play about together in a lively way, running, jumping, etc （尤指儿童或动物）在一起玩耍、跑跳、嬉戏等: puppies romping around in the garden 在园子里跑来跑去的小狗. 2 (idm 习语) romp home/in win, succeed, etc easily 轻 易地取胜、成功等: romp home in a race 在速度比赛中轻易取胜* The Liberal candidate romped in with thousands of votes to spare. 自由党候选人轻易获胜, 超出所需选票数以千计. 3 (phr v) romp through (sth) (infml 口) succeed easily (in a test, etc) （在考核等中）轻易通过: She romped through her exams. 她毫不费力就考及格了. romp n. [sing] instance of romping 玩耍; 嬉戏: have a romp about 四处玩耍嬉戏. rompers / 5rCmpEz; `rBmpLz/ n [pl] (also `romper-suit [C]) one-piece suit worn by a small child or baby （幼儿穿的）连衫裤. rondo / 5rCndEU; `rBndo/ n (pl ~s) piece of music in which the main theme returns a number of times (音乐)轮旋曲(主题时时重覆). rontgen = roentgen. rood / ru:d; rud/ n crucifix, esp one erected on the middle of a rood-screen 有耶稣受难像的十字架 （尤指竖立在圣坛屏中央的）. rood-screen n. carved wooden or stone screen separating the nave and choir(2) of a church 圣坛屏 （教堂中分隔中堂和唱诗班席位的木雕或石雕屏风）. roof / ru:f; ruf/ n (pl ~s) 1 structure covering or forming the top of a building, vehicle, etc （建筑物、 车辆等的）顶部; 屋顶; 车顶: a flat/sloping roof 平的[斜的]顶* fly above the roofs of the city 在 城市上空飞行* Although divorced, they continued to live under the same roof, ie in the same house. 他们已经离婚了, 但仍然同住在一所房子里. * a library and concert-hall both under one roof, ie in the same building 设在同一座建筑物内的图书馆和音乐听* have a/no roof over one's head, ie have a/no place to live 有[没有]住处* The roof of the mine passage collapsed. 巷道的顶部塌了. * a painful sore in the roof of her mouth, ie the palate 她部的痛处 * (rhet 修辞) the roof of the world, ie the highest part, esp a mountain (range) or plateau 世界屋脊（最高的部分, 尤指山脉或高 原）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1 插图, pages vi, xii. 2 (idm 习语) go through the roof (infml 口) become very angry 怒气冲天: She went through the roof when I told her I'd crashed her car. 我告诉 她我把她的汽车撞坏了, 她气得大发雷霆. Cf 参看hit the ceiling/roof (hit1). raise the roof => raise. roof v. (pt, pp ~ed / ru:ft; ruft/) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (over/in) (with sth) cover sth with a roof; be a roof for sth 给某物装上顶部; 作某物的顶部: roof (over) a yard (with sheets of plastic) （用塑料板） 给院子搭顶篷* a plan to roof in the stadium 给露天体育场加盖顶篷的计画 * a hut crudely roofed with strips of bark 简简单单用树皮作顶的小屋. roofing n. [U] material used for roofs 作顶部用的材料: [attrib 作定语] `roofing material, tiles, slates, felt, etc 盖屋顶用的材料、瓦、石板、油毡等. roof-garden n. garden on the flat roof of a building （建筑物平顶上的）屋顶花园. roof-rack (also `luggage-rack) n. frame for carrying luggage, etc attached to the roof of a vehicle 车 顶架（机动车顶部供装载行李等用的）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1 插图, page xii. roof-top n. (a) outer surface of a roof 屋顶的外层.(b) (esp rhet 尤作修辞) top of a building 建筑 物的顶部: flying swiftly over the roof-tops 迅速飞越屋顶. roof-tree n. strong horizontal main beam at the highest point of a roof 脊檩; 大梁; 正梁. rook / rUk; rJk/ n large black crow that nests in colonies 秃鼻乌鸦. rookery / -ErI; -ErI/ n 1 (a) colony of rooks 秃鼻乌鸦群. (b) group of trees where rooks nest 秃 鼻乌鸦结巢的丛林. 2 colony or breeding-place of penguins or seals 企鹅群; 海豹群; 企鹅或海 豹繁殖地. rook / rUk; rJk/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (of sth) (infml 口) (a) overcharge sb 向某人索高价: That hotel really rooked us. 那家旅馆可真敲了我们竹杠. (b) cheat or swindle sb at cards, etc 在纸牌等戏中 欺骗或欺诈某人: They rooked him of 100. 他们在纸牌戏中骗走他100 英镑. rook / rUk; rJk/ n = castle 2. rookie / 5rUkI; `rJkI/ n (infml 口) inexperienced newcomer to a team, an organization, etc 无经验的 新成员; 新手; 生手: [attrib 作定语] a rookie half-back 新来的前卫队员. room / ru:m, rUm; rum, rJm/ n 1 (a) [C] part of a building enclosed by walls or partitions, and with a floor and ceiling 房间; 室: a large airy room on the first floor 二楼的宽敞通风的房间* He's in the next room. 他在隔壁房间. (b) rooms [pl] set of these for living in, usu rented; lodgings 一套房间 （通常指租的）; 寓所: He's staying in rooms in West Kensington. 他住在肯辛顿西区的寓所里. 2 [U] ~ (for sb/sth); ~ (to do sth) space that is or could be occupied, or is enough for a purpose （可）占 用的空间或地方: Is there enough room for me in the car? 汽车里还有我坐的地方吗? * This table takes up too much room. 这张桌子太占地方了. * Can you make room on that shelf for more books? 你能在那个架子上腾出些地方再放些书吗? * There's no room to work here. 这里没有可工作的空 间. * standing room only, ie no room to sit down, eg in a bus, theatre, etc 仅有站位（无坐位, 如在公 共汽车、戏院等内）. =>Usage at space 用法见space. 3 [U] ~ (for sth) opportunity; scope 机会; 范围: There's (plenty of) room for improvement in your work, ie It is not as good as it could be. 你的 工作还有（许多）改进的余地. * There's no room for doubt,ie It is quite certain. 没有怀疑的余地. 4 (idm 习语) cramped for room/space => cramp2. leave the room => leave1. no room to swing a `cat (infml saying 口, 谚) not enough space to live, work, etc in 没有生活、工作等的足够空间: There's no room/There isn't (enough) room to swing a cat in here. 这里地方过于狭窄. 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