TransGood-Translation memory software Trados, SDL, ForeignDesk, Wordfast, WordFisher, Déjà Vu (DVX), 译佳计算机辅助翻译软件, 雅信CAT TransGood, TransMemory, Translation Software Tools, Computer-assisted translation, computer-aided translation, CAT, machine-aided translation, Translation memory software, Terminology management software, Alignment software, Software localization tools, ?bersetzung Software, Logiciels de traduction, Software di traduzione, Traducción de Software, Mémoire de traduction, Tradu??o memória, Memoria de traducción, Memoria di traduzione, Перевод Software, ForeignDesk, Okapi Framework, OmegaT, Transolution, AidTransStudio, Cafetran, Déjà Vu (DVX), Heartsome Translation Suite, MemoQ, MetaTexis, Rainbow, SDLX, SDL, STAR Transit, Trados, SDL Trados, Wordfast, WordFisher, Similis, Open Language Tools, 翻訳ソフトウェア, 翻訳メモリ, 翻译软件 辅助翻译软件 计算机辅助翻译软件 人工智能翻译 翻译工具 专业翻译软件 翻译记忆软件 塔多思 Trados SDL WordFast 雅信CAT 翻译公司 牛津词典 Oxford Dictionary [Ipr] move, esp quickly, in the specified direction 向某方向移动（尤指快速）: The lorry ran down the hill out of control. 卡车失去控制直往山下冲去. * The car ran off the road into a ditch. 汽车驶离道 路跌进沟中. * The ball ran (ie rolled) to the boundary. 球向著边线滚去. * Her eyes ran critically over her friend's new dress. 她以挑剔的眼光打量朋友的新连衣裙. * A shiver ran down her spine. 她浑身哆嗦了一下. (b) [Tn.pr] cause (sth) to move in the specified direction 使（某物）向某方向移 动: She ran her fingers nervously through her hair. 她紧张地用手指拢著头发. * She ran her fingers lightly over the keys of the piano. 她用手指轻轻地弹著钢琴. * He ran his eyes over the page. 他把 这一页看了一遍. 10 [Tn, Tn.pr] bring or take (sth) into a country illegally and secretly; smuggle 非 法地秘密运送或携带（某物）进入某国; 走私: He used to run guns across the border. 他过去经常 偷运枪枝过境. * run contraband goods/liquor into a country 走私违禁物品[偷运私酒]进入某国. =>Usage at smuggle 用法见smuggle. 11 [I] (of salmon) move up a river in large numbers from the sea （指鲑鱼）洄游: The salmon are running. 鲑鱼正在洄游. 12 [Ipr] (of plants) grow or spread in the specified direction （指植物）蔓生: Ivy ran over the walls of the cottage. 村舍的墙壁上爬满了 常春藤. 13 [Ipr] extend in the specified direction 伸展; 延伸: A fence runs round the whole field. 有一道篱笆围著这一整块地. * The road runs parallel to the railway. 这条公路与铁路平行. * He has a scar running across his left cheek. 他左脸上有一道很长的疤痕. 14 [Ipr] ~ (for...) continue for the specified period of time without stopping 持续; 延续: The play ran (ie was performed regularly) for six months on Broadway. 这出戏在百老汇连续演了半年. * Election campaigns in Britain run for three weeks. 英国选举活动持续三周. 15 [Ipr] operate or be valid for the specified period of time （在一定期限内）起作用, 有效: The lease on my house has only a year to run. 我那 房子的租期只有一年了. 16 [I] (of a story, an argument, etc) have the specified wording, content, etc （指叙述、陈述等）有某样言词、内容等: The story runs that she poisoned her husband/She poisoned her husband, or so the story runs. 据报道说, 她把丈夫毒死了. * `Ten shot dead by gunmen,' ran the newspaper headline. 报纸标题为｀枪手击毙十人＇. 17 (a) [Ipr] (of a liquid) flow （指液体）流动: The River Rhine runs into the North Sea. 莱茵河流入北海. * The tears ran down her cheeks. 她的脸上淌著眼泪. * Water was running all over the bathroom floor/The bathroom floor was running with water. 洗澡间水流了一地. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (for sb) cause (a liquid) to flow 使（液体）流动: She ran hot water into the bowl. 她用碗接点热水. * run the hot tap 打开 热水的水龙头* Could you run me a hot bath/run a hot bath for me? 你给我放一盆热的洗澡水好 吗? (c) [I] (of a tap, etc) send out a liquid （指水龙头等）流出液体: Who left the tap running? 谁忘 了关水龙头了? * Your nose is running, ie Mucus is flowing from it. 你流鼻涕了. * The smoke makes my eyes run. 烟熏得我直流眼泪. =>Usage at drip1 用法见drip1. (d) [Ipr] ~ with sth (usu in the continuous tenses 通常用于进行时态) be covered with (a flowing liquid) 流满（液体）: The streets were running with blood after the massacre. 那场大屠杀后街上血流成河. * His face was running with sweat. 他汗流满面. 18 [I] (of dye or colour in a garment) dissolve and spread （指衣 服上的染料或颜色）掉色, 扩散: I'm afraid the colour ran when I washed your new skirt. 很遗憾, 你 那条新裙子我洗的时候掉色了. 19 [I] melt 融化: It was so hot that the butter ran. 天气太热, 黄 油都化了. * The wax began to run. 蜡开始融化了. 20 [La, I] (of the sea, the tide, a river, etc) rise higher or flow faster （指海水、潮水、河水等）上涨, 流动加快: The tide was running strong. 潮 水涨得很猛. 21 [La] pass into or reach the specified state; become 进入或达到某种状态; 变成: The water ran cold when I turned the tap on. 我把水龙头打开, 水就凉了　?w. * The river ran dry (ie stopped flowing) during the drought. 大旱期间这鹾佣记　? * Supplies are running short/low. 供应品短缺. * I have run short of money. 我缺钱. 22 [Tn] be in charge of (sth); manage 负责（某 事物）; 经营; 管理: run a hotel, a shop, a language school 管理旅馆、商店、语言学校* He has no idea of how to run a successful business. 他不知道把企业办好的方法. * Stop trying to run (ie organize) my life for me! 我的生活用不著你来管! 23 [Tn] make (a service, course of study, etc) available to people; organize 开办（服务项目、课程等）; 举办: The college runs summer courses for foreign learners of English. 这所学院为学习英语的外国人开设了暑期班. 24 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] (cause sth to) operate or function （使某物）运转, 起作用: Your new car seems to run very nicely. 你 的新汽车开起来还很不错. * (fig 比喻) Her life has run smoothly up to now. 她的生活到目前仍一 帆风顺. * Could you run the engine for a moment? 你让发动机转一会　寐? * I can run my electric razor off (ie with power from) the mains. 我的电动剃刀可以使用交流电. 25 [Tn] own and use (esp a vehicle) 有并使用（尤指交通工具）: I can't afford to run a car on my salary. 凭我的薪水 我是开不起汽车的. * A bicycle is cheap to run. 使用自行车是很经济的. 26 [I, Ipr] ~ (for sb/sth); ~ (in sth) (esp US) be a candidate in an election (for a political position); stand (for sth) 竞选（某一政 治职位）; 当（某职务的）候选人: Reagan ran (for the Presidency) a second time in 1980. 里根于 1980 年再次竞选（总统）. * How many candidates are running in the Presidential election? 有多少 候选人参加总统竞选? 27 [Tn] present or nominate (sb) as a candidate in an election 提出（某人） 参加竞选: How many candidates is the Liberal Party running in the General Election? 自由党在这次 大选中提出了多少个候选人? 28 [Tn] (of a newspaper or magazine) print and publish (sth) as an item or a story （指报刊）刊登, 发表: The `Guardian' is running a series of articles on Third World Economics. 《卫报》发表了论《第三世界的经济》的一系列文章. 29 [I] (esp US) (of a woven or knitted garment) become unwoven or unravelled （指编织的或针织的服装）脱针, 脱线, 抽丝: Nylon tights sometimes run, ie ladder. 尼龙裤袜有时候抽丝. 30 [La, Ipr] (esp in the continuous tenses 尤用于进行时态) (of an event, a train, etc) happen, arrive, etc at the specified time （指事情 等）（在某时候）发生; （指火车等）（在某时刻）到达: The trains are running an hour late. 火车 晚点一个小时. * Programmes are running a few minutes behind schedule this evening. 今晚的节目 演出比预定的时间晚了几分钟. 31 (idm 习语) come running be eager to do what sb wants 渴望 做某人想做的事: If you offer the children rewards for helping they'll all come running. 要是让孩子 帮忙做事, 给他们点奖品, 他们就巴不得都来帮忙了. `run for it run in order to escape from sb/sth 逃跑: Run for it he's got a gun! 快逃吧--他带著枪呢! (For other idioms containing run, see entries for ns, adjs, etc 查阅与run 搭配的其他习语, 见有关名词、形容词等的词条, 如 run/take its course => course1; run riot => riot.) 32 (phr v) run across sb/sth meet sb or find sth by chance 偶然遇 见某人或发现某事物: I ran across my old friend Jean in Paris last week. 上周我在巴黎遇见了老朋 友琼. run after sb ( no passive 不用于被动语态) (a) run to try to catch sb; chase sb 追赶某人; 追逐某人: The dog was running after a rabbit. 狗在追一只兔子. (b) (infml 口) (esp of a woman) seek sb's company (in order to have a romantic or sexual relationship with him) （尤指女性）追求（男子）: She runs after every good-looking man she meets. 凡是漂亮的男子, 她见一个追一个. run along ( infml 口) (used in the imperative to tell sb, esp a child, to go away 用以叫某人（尤指小 孩）离开): Run along now, children, I'm busy. 走开吧, 孩子们, 我正忙著呢. run at sb ( no passive 不用于被动语态) run towards sb (as if) to attack him 向某人冲去: He ran at me with a knife. 他持刀向我冲来. run at sth (no passive 不用于被动语态, usu in the continuous tenses 通常用于进行时态) (of a statistic or figure) be at the specified level or rate （指统计或数字） 达到一定水平或比率: Inflation is running at 25%. 通货膨胀率达25%. * Interest rates are running at record levels. 利率达到创记录的水平. run away (from sb/...) suddenly leave sb/a place; escape from sb/a place 突然离开某人[某处]; 从某人处[某处]逃走: Don't run away I want your advice. 请不要走--我需要你的意见. * He ran away from home at the age of thirteen. 他十三岁那年就离家出走了. run away from sth try to avoid sth because one is shy, lacking in confidence, etc 因羞怯、缺乏信心等而极力回避某事物; 逃避: run away from a difficult situation 尽力摆脱困境* Her suicide bid was an attempt to run away from reality. 她想自杀就是要 逃避现实. run a`way with one (of a feeling) gain complete control of one; dominate one （指感情） 完全控制自己, 支配自己: Don't let your temper run away with you. 要控制住自己, 不要发脾气. * Her imagination tends to run away with her. 她的想像力如脱缰之马难以驾驭. run away with sb; run a`way (together) (also infml 口语作run off with sb; run `off (together)) leave home, one's husband etc with sb, in order to have a relationship with him or marry him 与某人私奔: She ran away with her boss/She and her boss ran away (together). 她与老板私奔了. run away with sth (a) steal sth and carry it away 偷走某物: A cashier ran away with the day's takings. 出纳员偷走了当天的进款. (b) use up or consume a lot of sth 用尽或大量消耗某物: My new car really runs away with the petrol. 我的新汽车耗油太多了. (c) win sth clearly or easily 轻易赢得某事物: The champion ran away with the match. 这个冠军获得的不费吹灰之力. run sth back rewind (a film, tape, etc) in order to see or hear it again 倒回（影片、录音带等）. run back over sth discuss or consider sth again; review sth 重新讨论或研究某事物; 回顾某事物: I'll run back over the procedure once again. 我把这个程序再复查一次. run (sth) down ( a) (cause sth to) lose power or stop functioning （使某物）耗尽能源或失去作用: My car battery has run down; it needs recharging. 我的汽车电池没电了, 需要充电. * If you leave your headlights on you'll soon run down the battery. 停车后不关前灯, 电池的电很快就会耗尽. (b) (often in the continuous tenses 常用于进行时态) (cause sth to) stop functioning gradually or decline in size or number （使某事物）逐渐失去作用, 衰退, 衰减, 萎缩: British manufacturing industry has been running down for years. 英国的制造业多年来一直在走下坡路. * The local steelworks is being run down and is likely to close within three years. 当地的这家钢铁厂越来越不景气, 有可能在三年 内关闭. * The company is running down its sales force. 这家公司正在裁减推销人员. run sb/sth down (a) (of a vehicle or its driver) hit sb/sth and knock him/it to the ground; (of a ship) collide with sth （指车辆或驾驶人）撞倒某人[某物]; （指船）与某物相撞: run down a pedestrian 撞倒一行 人* The cyclist was run down by a lorry. 卡车把骑自行车的人撞倒了. * The liner ran down a fishing-boat in thick fog. 班轮在浓雾中撞上了渔船. (b) criticize sb/sth unkindly; disparage sb/sth 说某人[某事物]的坏话; 贬低某人[某事物]: He's always running down his wife's cooking. 他总嫌 妻子做的饭菜不好. * She's always running her children down in public. 她总是当著人说自己的孩 子不懂事. (c) find sb/sth after looking for him/it for a long time （寻找很长时间后）找到某人[某物]: I finally ran the book down in the university library. 我终于在大学图书馆找到了那本书. * The criminal was eventually run down in the woods near his home. 那罪犯终于落网, 就在他家附近的 树林里被捕. run sb in ( infml 口) arrest sb and take him to a police station 逮捕某人押送警察局: He was run in for drunk and disorderly behaviour. 他因酗酒滋事而被拘留. run sth in prepare (the engine of a new car) for normal use by driving slowly and carefully 进行（新汽车的发动机的）磨合运转, 磨合试车: Don't drive your new car too fast until you've run it in. 新汽车未经磨合运转不要开得太快. run into sb meet sb by chance 偶然遇见某人: Guess who I ran into today. 你猜我今天碰见谁了. * I ran into an old schoolfriend at the supermarket this morning. 今天早上我在超级市场碰见了一个老同学. run into sth (a) meet or enter (an area of bad weather) while travelling （旅行中）遇到（坏天气）: We ran into a patch of thick fog just outside Edinburgh. 我们就在爱丁堡城外遇到了浓雾. (b) encounter (difficulties, problems, etc) 遭遇（困难、问题等）: The project is running into financial difficulties. 这一项目遇到了财务困难. * run into debt, danger, trouble 陷入债务、危险、困境之中. (c) (no passive 不用于被动语态) reach (the specified level or amount) 达到（某一水平或数额）: Her income runs into six figures, ie is more than 100000. 她的收入达到六位数字（超过 100000 英镑）. * Her last novel ran into three reprints in its first year of publication. 她最近的一部小说在出版当年 就印行了三次. run (sth) into sb/sth (cause a car, etc to) collide with or crash into sb/sth （使汽车等） 撞及某人[某物]: The bus went out of control and ran into a shop front. 那公共汽车失去控制, 撞到 了一家商店的门脸. * She ran (ie drove) her car into a tree while reversing. 她倒车时撞著了一棵树. run (sth) off ( cause liquid to) drain or flow out of a container （使液体）流尽, 排出: Why don't you ever run the water off after you've had a bath? 你洗完澡后为什麽老是不把水放掉? run sth off (a) cause (a race) to be contested 进行（速度比赛）: The heats of the 200 metres will be run off tomorrow. 明天举行200 米预赛. (b) copy, reproduce or duplicate sth, eg on a photocopying machine 复印或复 制某物: Could you run (me) off twenty copies of the agenda? 你把议事日程表给（我）复印二十份 好吗? run off with sb; run off (together) (infml 口) = run away with sb; run away (together). run off with sth steal sth and carry it away 偷走某物: The treasurer has run off with the club's funds. 会计拐 走了俱乐部的资金. run on continue without stopping; go on 连续不断; 继续下去: The meeting will finish promptly I don't want it to run on. 会议要按时结束--不要拖延下去. * She does run on so! 她简直没完没了! run (sth) on (of a line of type) continue without being indented to show the beginning of a paragraph; continue (a line of type) without indenting it to show the beginning of a paragraph （指印刷文字的一 行）接下去不分段; 使（印刷文字的一行）接下去不分段. run on sth (no passive 不用于被动语态) (of thoughts, a discussion, etc) have sth as a subject; be concerned with sth （指思想、议论等）以 某事物为主题, 涉及某事物: Her talk ran on developments in computer software. 她谈的是计算机 软件的开发问题. * His thoughts kept running on recent events in India. 他一直想著最近在印度发 生的事. run out ( of an agreement, a document, etc) become no longer valid; expire （指协议、文件等）失 效, 过期: The lease on our flat runs out in a few months. 我们公寓的租约还有几个月就到期了. * My passport has run out. 我的护照已失效. run out (of sth) (of a supply of sth) be used up, finished or exhausted; (of a person) use up or finish (a supply of sth) （指供应品）用完, 耗尽; （指人）用完, 耗 尽（供应品）: The petrol is running out/We are running out of petrol. 汽油快用光了[我们的汽油快 用光了]. * Our time is running out/We are running out of time. 我们剩下的时间不多了. * Could I have a cigarette? I seem to have run out (of them). 给我一枝烟好吗? 我的（烟）已经抽完啦. run (sth) out (of a rope, etc) be passed out; pass (a rope, etc) out （指绳索等）放出, 拉出; 将（绳等）放出, 拉 出: The rope ran out smoothly. 绳子顺顺当当地拉出来了. * The sailor ran the line out neatly. 水手 很利落地把绳子放出去了. run sb out (often passive 常用于被动语态) (in cricket) dismiss (a batsman who is trying to make a run) by striking the wicket with the ball before he has reached his crease （板球）将（跑动中可能得分的击球员）杀出局（即在其到位前用球击中三柱门）: Border was (brilliantly) run out by Botham for 41. 博德获41 分后, 博瑟姆一个漂亮球把他杀出局了. run over ( of a container or its contents) overflow （指容器或所盛之物）溢出: The bath/The bath water is running over. 浴缸[浴缸的水]溢出来了. run over sb; run sb over (of a vehicle or its driver) knock sb down and pass over (a part of) his body （指车辆或驾驶人）撞倒某人并轧过其身体（之 一部分）: I ran over a cat last night. 我昨晚开车轧著了一只猫. * Two children were run over by a lorry and killed. 有两个孩子被一辆卡车轧死了. run over sth read through sth quickly; revise or rehearse sth 快速阅读某物; 温习或演习某事物: I always run over my lines before going on stage. 我登台演出前总要温习一下台词. * She ran over her notes before giving the lecture. 她讲课前把讲 稿匆匆看了一遍. run over with sth show a lot of (energy, enthusiasm, etc); overflow with sth 充满（活力、热情等）; 洋溢: She's running over with health and vitality. 她非常健康, 充满活力. run through sth ( a) (no passive 不用于被动语态) pass quickly through sth 快速地穿过或传遍: An angry murmur ran through the crowd. 群众纷纷气愤地抱怨著. * Thoughts of revenge kept running through his mind. 他脑海里时刻萦绕著复仇的念头. (b) (no passive 不用于被动语态) be present in every part of sth; permeate sth 遍布于某事物; 贯穿著某事物: A deep melancholy runs through her poetry. 她的诗中贯穿著悲伤的情调. * There is a deep-seated conservatism running through our society. 我们社会中普遍存在著根深蒂固的保守思想. (c) discuss, examine or read sth quickly 匆匆讨论、检查或阅读: He ran through the names on the list. 他把名单匆匆地看了一遍. (d) review or summarize sth 复查或总结某事物: run through the main points of the news 把新闻要 点归纳一下* Could we run through your proposals once again? 我们再来审议一下你的建议好吗? (e) perform, act or rehearse sth 表演; 扮演; 排练: Could we run through Act 3 again, please? 请大 家把第3 幕再排练一遍好吗? (f) use up or spend (money) carelessly or wastefully 挥霍（金钱）: She ran through a lot of money in her first term at university. 她上大学第一个学期就花了很多钱. run sth through play (part of a film or tape) by passing it through a machine 播放（电影或录音带片段）: Could we run that sequence through again? 咱们再把那一段重放一遍好吗? run to sth ( no passive 不用于被动语态) (a) extend to or reach (the specified amount or size) 达到 （某一数额或规模）: The book runs to 800 pages. 该书长达800 页. * Her latest novel has already run to three impressions. 她最近出版的一部小说已经印行三次了. (b) (of a person) have enough money for sth; (of money) be enough for sth （指人）有够作某事物用的钱; （指钱）足够某事物 之用: We can't/Our funds won't run to a holiday abroad this year. 今年我们没有钱[我们的钱不够]去 国外度假. run up ( of a bowler in cricket, a long-jumper, etc) gather speed by running before releasing the ball, jumping, etc （指板球投球手、跳远运动员等）助跑: Hadlee is now running up to bowl. 哈德利 正在助跑投球. run sth up (a) raise or hoist sth 升起某物: run up a flag on the mast 在旗杆上升起旗 子. (b) make (a garment) quickly, esp by sewing 赶做（衣服）（尤指缝纫）: run up a blouse, dress, skirt, etc 赶做女衬衣、连衣裙、裙子等. (c) allow (a bill, debt, etc) to accumulate 积欠（帐款、债 务等）: You'll run up a huge gas bill if you leave the heater on. 热水器要是总开著, 煤气费就很高了. run up against sth meet or encounter (a difficulty, problem, etc) 遇到（困难、问题等）: The government is running up against considerable opposition to its privatization plans. 政府的私有化计 画遇到了很大的阻力. runabout n. (infml 口) small light car, esp one for making short journeys in towns 轻型小汽车（尤 指市内用的）. run-around n. (infml 口) (idm 习语) give sb/get the `run-around treat sb/be treated in a deceitful or evasive manner 欺骗、瞒哄或搪塞某人[被欺骗、瞒哄或搪塞]: He's been giving his wife the run-around, eg sleeping with other women. 他一直蒙蔽著妻子（如与别的女人发生性关系）. runaway adj. [attrib 作定语] 1 who has run away 逃跑的; 逃避的; 私奔的: a runaway child 离 家出走的孩子. 2 (of an animal or a vehicle) no longer under the control of its rider or driver （指动 物或车辆）失去控制的: a runaway horse, lorry, train 脱缰的马、失去控制的卡车、煞不住闸的 火车. 3 happening very rapidly or easily 来得快的; 来得容易的: the runaway success of her last play 她最近那出戏的一炮而红 * a runaway victory, win, etc 轻而易举的胜利、成功等. n person who has run away; fugitive 逃跑者; 逃亡者. run-down n. (usu sing 通常作单数) 1 act of running down (an industry, a company, etc); reduction of the size of an industry, etc （工业、公司等的）紧缩, 缩减: the government's gradual run-down of the coal industry 政府对煤炭工业所采取的逐渐紧缩的做法. 2 ~ (of/on sth) (infml 口) detailed analysis or description (of sth) 详细的分析或描述: give sb/get a run-down on sth 做出 [得到]某事物的详细汇报* I want a complete run-down on the situation. 我需要一份有关形势的 全面的分析报告. run-down adj. 1 in bad condition; dilapidated; neglected 破损的; 破败的; 失修的: a ,run-down `area, `town, `industry, `house 衰败的地区、衰落的城市、衰退的工业、破损的房子 * The whole district is in a terribly run-down state. 这整个地区都已破败不堪. 2 tired and slightly ill, esp from working hard 疲惫的, 衰弱的尤指因劳累: be, feel, get run-down 筋疲力尽* You look pretty run-down; why don't you take a holiday? 你看上去气色不佳, 何不去度假? run-in n. 1 ~ (to sth) period of time leading to (an event) （事件的）准备时期: during the run-in to the election 在选举的酝酿期间. 2 ~ (with sb) (infml 口esp US) quarrel or disagreement (with sb) （与某人）争吵, 争论: have a run-in with sb 与某人争吵. run-off n. extra race held to decide the winner when a race has ended in a tie （平局后的）加赛. run-through n. 1 review or summary (of sth) 复查; 总结: Could we have a run-through of the main points discussed? 我们把讨论的要点归纳一下好吗? 2 rehearsal or practice 排练; 练习: There will be a run-through of the whole play tonight. 今天晚上要把全剧排练一次. run-up n. 1 (a) (of a bowler in cricket, an athlete, etc) running in order to gain speed before releasing the ball, jumping, etc （指板球的投球手、田径运动员等的）助跑: a fast, smooth, short, etc run-up 快速的、稳健的、短距离的...助跑. (b) distance run in this way 助跑距离: Pole vaulters need long run-ups. 撑竿跳需要长距离助跑. 2 ~ (to sth) period of time leading to an event （事件 的）准备时期: the run-up to the election 选举前的酝酿时期. run NOTE ON USAGE : Compare run, trot, jog, gallop, sprint and race. 试比较run、 trot 、 jog、 gallop 、 sprint 、 race 　?W 这几个词. When describing movement that is faster than walking, run is the most general verb. 描述比行走快的动作, 最常用的动词是run. People usually run in a race or when they are in a hurry 通常run 用于赛跑或有急事的场合: I was late for the train so I had to run. 我要赶不上火车了, 所以得跑著去. We generally jog for physical exercise, running steadily and not very fast. *jog 一般用于健身运动, 跑得稳但不太快. Trot and gallop are mainly used of horses. *trot 和gallop 主要指马跑. When people trot, they run quite quickly with short steps 若以trot 指人, 则意 为小步快跑: The girls spent the afternoon trotting up and down the beach. 姑娘们一下午都在海滩 上轻快地跑来跑去. Informally, trot can mean simply to `go' 在口语中, trot 芍苯拥乇硎緂o 之意: I'll just trot round to the shops for some bread. 我就到附近商店去买些面包. Gallop is to run fast *gallop 指快跑: He came galloping up the road. 他沿路飞快跑来. Race suggests a need to run very fast, not always in competition *race 指有快速跑的必要, 但不一定总是指比赛: She raced to the window to stop the child jumping out. 她一个箭步跑到窗前, 制止那孩子往外跳. Sprint is to run as fast as possible, usually over a short distance *sprint 指尽力快跑, 通常距离较短: You'll have to sprint if you want to catch the train. 你要想赶上火车, 就得快跑几步. run / rQn; rQn/ n 1 [C] act or period of running on foot 跑; 跑步; 奔跑; 奔跑的一段时间: go for a run every morning 每天早晨跑步* Catching sight of her, he broke into a run. 他一看见她, 赶紧就 跑. 2 instance or period of travelling by car, train, etc 乘汽车、火车等的旅行; 乘车旅行期间: take the car out for a run in the country 乘汽车去郊外一游* Oxford to London is about an hour's run by train. 从牛津到伦敦乘火车大约有一小毙谐? 3 [C] route taken by vehicles, ships, etc 车、船等行驶的路线: The boat operates on the Dover-Calais run. 这艘船运行多佛--加莱航线. 4 [C] series of performances 持续的演出: The play had a good run/a run of six months. 那出戏演了很 久[演了半年]. * It's just finished its West End run, ie in the West End of London. 在伦敦西区的长期 演出刚刚结束. 5 [C] period or succession; spell 时期; 一段时间: We've enjoyed an exceptional run of fine weather recently. 我们这里最近天气好极了. * a run of bad luck, ie a series of misfortunes 一连串的不幸. 6 [C usu sing 通常作单数] ~ on sth sudden demand for sth by many people 许多人一时对某物的需求: a run on sterling following its rise in value against the dollar 英 镑对美元升值后引起的抢购英镑的热潮* a run on the bank, ie a sudden withdrawal of deposits by many customers 挤兑. 7 [C] (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) space for domestic animals, fowl, etc （家畜、家禽等的）饲养场: a `chicken-run 养鸡场* a `sheep-run, ie an area of pasture for sheep 牧羊场. 8 [C] point scored in cricket or baseball （板球或棒球中所得的）分. 9 [sing] the ~ of sth tendency or trend of sth 趋势; 趋向: After 40 minutes Spurs scored, against the run of play, ie although they had been playing poorly. 斯珀尔斯队每况愈下, 40 分钟后却得了分. * The run of the cards favoured me, ie I was dealt good cards. 我得到的牌非常好. * in accordance with the recent run of events, ie the way things have been going recently 按照最近的情况发展. 10 [C] (music 音) series of notes sung or played quickly up or down the scale 急唱; 急奏. 11 [C] track for some purpose 有某种用途的小道: a `ski-run 滑雪道. 12 [C] = ladder 2. 13 [C] large number of fish in motion 游动的鱼群: a run of salmon, eg on their way upstream 游动的鲑鱼群（如在溯江洄游途中）. 14 the runs [pl] (sl 俚) diarrhoea 腹泻; 拉肚子. 15 (idm 习语) at a `run running 跑（著）: He started off at a run but soon tired and slowed to a walk. 他跑步出发, 但很快就累得慢下来成了步 行. the common, general, ordinary, etc run (of sth) the average type or class 普ǖ睦嘈突虻燃? the common run of mankind, ie ordinary average people 普通人* a hotel out of the ordinary run, ie better than average 较好的旅馆. give sb/get/have the run of sth give sb/get/have permission to make full use of sth 允许某人[得到许可/获准]充分使用某物: gave me the run of his library 允许我自由 使用他的书房* He has the run of the house. 他获准使用那所房子. in the long run => long1. make a bolt/dash/run for it/sth => bolt2. on the `run (a) fleeing from pursuit or capture 奔逃; 逃跑: He's on the run from the police. 他正在逃避警方的追缉. * have/keep the enemy on the run 逼得敌人奔窜. (b) continuously active and moving about 忙碌; 奔波: I've been on the run all day and I'm exhausted. 我整天忙个不停, 疲于奔命. * on the run from one office to another 从一个公司的部门到另一个 公司的部门. a (good, etc) run for one's `money (a) challenging competition or opposition 较量; 竞争; 对抗: They may win the game, but we'll give them a good run for their money. 他们即使能赢得这场 比赛, 我们也不会让他们轻易取胜. (b) reward, interest, enjoyment, etc, esp in return for effort 报 偿、利益、满足等（尤指付出努力后所获得者）: I feel I've had an excellent run for my money (ie a rewarding career) and now I'm happy to retire. 我对我一生的事业十分满意, 现在退休甚为欣慰. run-of-the-mill adj. (often derog 常作贬义) not special; ordinary 一般的; 普通的: a ,run-of-the-mill detective story 平淡无奇的侦探小说. rune / ru:n; run/ n 1 any of the letters in an ancient Germanic alphabet used by the Scandinavians and Anglo-Saxons for carving on wood or in stone 古日耳曼字母（斯堪的那维亚人和盎格鲁撒克逊人 刻于木石上的）. 2 similar mark with a mysterious or magic meaning 神秘的或有魔力的符号. runic / 5ru:nIk; `runIk/ adj of runes; written in or inscribed with runes 古日耳曼字母的; 有神秘符 号的; 用古日耳曼字母写成或刻成的: a runic calendar, alphabet, sign 用古日耳曼字母写成的历 书、古日耳曼字母表、有魔力的神秘符号. rung / rQN; rQN/ n [C] 1 cross-piece forming a step in a ladder （梯子的）横档, 梯级. =>illus at ladder 见 ladder 插图. 2 cross-piece joining the legs of a chair, etc to strengthen it （椅子等腿间 的）横档. 3 (fig 比喻) level or rank in society, one's career, an organization, etc （社会、职业、组 织等的）阶层, 等级: start on the lowest/bottom rung of the salary scale 从最低级别的薪金开始 * His promotion has moved him up several rungs on the management ladder. 他获得提升, 在管理阶 层中提高了好几级. rung 2 pp of ring2. runnel / 5rQnl; `rQnl/ n (fml 文) small trickle or stream 细流; 小溪: The rain ran in shallow runnels alongside the path. 雨水流进路边的小河沟里. runner / 5rQnE(r); `rQnL/ n 1 person or animal that runs; one taking part in a race 奔跑的人或动物; 赛跑的人或动物: a long-distance runner 长跑者* There are eight runners (ie horses competing) in the final race. 有八匹马参加决赛. 2 messenger, esp for a bank or stockbroker 信差; 送信人; （尤 指银行或股票经纪人的）跑外. 3 (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) person smuggling the goods stated into or out of an area 偷运某货物出入某地的人; 走私者: `drug-runners 偷运毒品的 人 * `gun-runners 走私枪枝的人. 4 metal or wood strip on which sth slides or moves along （金属 制的或木制的）条状滑行装置: the runners (ie blades) of my ice-skates 我的冰鞋上的冰刀 * sledge runners 雪橇的滑板. 5 creeping plant stem that can take root 匍匐茎; 纤匐枝: strawberry runners 草莓纤匐枝. 6 long narrow strip of embroidered cloth, lace, etc placed on a sideboard, table, etc for ornament or protection （铺于餐具柜、桌子等上的）长条花饰布、饰带等. runner bean (also string bean) ( Brit) (US `pole bean) (a) type of climbing bean-plant 红花菜豆（攀 缘豆科植物）. (b) long green pod growing from this 红花菜豆（此种植物的绿色长豆荚）. runner-up / 9rQnEr5Qp; 9rQnL`Qp/ n (pl runners-up / 9rQnEz5Qp; 9rQnLz`Qp/) ~ (to sb) person or team finishing second in a race or competition （竞赛中的）第二名, 亚军. running / 5rQnIN; `rQnIN/ n [U] 1 action or sport of running 跑; 跑步; 赛跑: take up running 开 始跑步 * [attrib 作定语] running shoes 跑鞋. 2 management, maintenance or operation 管理; 经 营; 维持; 操作: the day-to-day running of a shop, business, machine, country 商店的日常经营、事 务的日常料理、机器的日常运转、国家的日常管理 * [attrib 作定语] the running costs of a car, eg of fuel, repairs, insurance 汽车的消费（如燃料费、保养费、保险费）. 3 (idm 习语) in/out of the `running (for sth) (infml 口) having some/no chance of succeeding or achieving sth 有[无]达到或 实现某目的之机会: be in the running for a management post, a company car 有可能获得管理职位、 公司的汽车. make the `running (infml 口) set the pace or standard 定步调; 带头; 做榜样: Wall Street made Friday's running on the international stock exchange. 在国际股票交易中, 华尔街星期 五率先确定了走势行情. * Mike is rather timid with women, so Sue has to make all the running in their relationship. 迈克在女子面前很腆, 所以苏珊只好对迈克主动一些. running adj. 1 [attrib 作定语] performed while running 边跑边做的; 在奔跑中完成的: a running jump, kick 跑跳步、跑动踢球. 2 [attrib 作定语] continuous or uninterrupted 连续的; 不 断的: a running battle for control of the party 为控制该党而进行的持续斗争* The police kept up a running fire of questions during their interrogation of the suspect. 警方审问嫌疑犯时提出了一连串 的问题. 3 [pred 作表语] (following a numberand a pl n 用于数字及复数名词之后) in succession; consecutively 接连; 连续: win three times running 连胜三次* For the sixth day running, my car wouldn't start. 我的汽车已连续六天发动不起来了. 4 [attrib 作定语] (of water) flowing （指水） 流动的: I can hear running water. 我听见有流水的声音. * All our rooms have hot and cold running water, ie from taps. 我们所有的房间都有冷热自来水. 5 [attrib 作定语] (of sores, etc) exuding liquid or pus （指伤口等）排出液体的, 流脓的. 6 (idm 习语) in running/working order => order1. take a running `jump (a) run up to the point where one jumps 助跑起跳. (b) (sl 俚) (used as a command 用作命令语) go away 走开: I refused to lend him any more money and told him to take a running jump. 我不愿再借给他钱, 便叫他走开. running-board n. (formerly) foot-board under the doors of a car （旧时）汽车车门下方的踏板. running commentary spoken description of events as they occur, esp by a broadcaster 现场报道（尤指广播的）: From the passenger seat, he kept up a running commentary on her driving. 他坐在乘客座位上评论她的驾驶 技术. running mate 1 (politics 政esp US) candidate for a supporting position in an election, esp for the Vice-Presidency 竞选夥伴; （尤指）副总统候选人. 2 horse used to set the pace for another in a race （赛马中） 领跑的马. running repairs minor repairs or replacement of parts 小修; 修配: Our photocopier is in continual need of running repairs. 我们的复印机经常需要检修. running stitch line of evenly-spaced stitches made by a straight thread passing in and out of the material 直行针脚. running total total (eg of costs, expenses) which includes each new item as it occurs 累积总计（如费用、开支的）. runny / 5rQnI; `rQnI/ adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) 1 (sometimes derog 有时作贬义) more liquid than is usual or expected 水分过多的; 太稀的: runny jam, sauce, cake-mixture, etc 很稀的果酱、沙司、 糕饼混合料等* Omelettes should be runny (ie not fully cooked) in the middle. 荷包蛋要煎成溏心 儿的. 2 (of the nose or eyes) tending to exude mucus （指鼻子）流鼻涕的; （指眼睛）流泪的: You've got a runny nose! 你流鼻涕了! runt / rQnt; rQnt/ n 1 undersized animal, esp the smallest and weakest of a litter 发育不良的小动物 （尤指一胎中最弱小的）. 2 (derog 贬) insignificant or worthless person 小人物; 卑微小人. runway / 5rQnweI; `rQn9we/ n prepared surface along which aircraft take off and land （飞机的）跑 道. rupee / ru:5pi:; ru`pi/ n [C] unit of money in India, Pakistan and certain other countries 卢比（印度、 巴基斯坦等国的货币单位）. rupture / 5rQptFE(r); `rQptFL/ n 1 [C, U] (fml 文) (instance of) breaking apart or bursting 破裂; 断裂: the rupture of a blood-vessel, seed-pod, membrane 血管、豆荚、薄膜的破裂. 2 [C, U] (fig fml 比喻, 文) (instance of) ending of friendly relations （友好关系的）破裂, 决裂; 绝交: deep ruptures within the party 党内严重的分裂. 3 [C] (medical 医) swelling in the abdomen caused when some organ or tissue breaks through the wall of its retaining cavity 疝. Cf 参看 hernia. rupture v. 1 (a) [I, Tn] (cause tissue, an organ, etc to) burst or break （使身体组织、器官等）破 裂, 裂开: a ruptured appendix, spleen 阑尾穿孔、脾破裂. (b) [Tn] ~ oneself cause such a burst or break to happen to oneself 发生疝; 出现疝: He ruptured himself lifting a bookcase. 他抬书柜时出 现了疝. 2 [I, Tn] (fml 文) (cause a connection, union, etc to) end （使关系等）破裂, 断绝: the risk of rupturing East-West relations 可能破坏东西方关系的危险. rural / 5rUErEl; `rJrEl/ adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] of, in or suggesting the countryside 乡村的; 在乡 村的; 有乡村特点的: rural areas, scenes, smells, accents 农村地区、乡村风光、乡土气息、乡 下口音* rural bus services, MPs, pastimes 乡间公共汽车运营、下议院议员、娱乐活动* life in rural Britain 英国的乡村生活. Cf 参看rustic 1, urban. rural dean = dean 2. rural delivery rural route, (US) delivery of mail in rural areas 乡村投递（路线）. Ruritanian / 9rUErI5teInIEn; 9rJrE`tenIEn/ adj (of a State, its politics) full of plots and intrigues (as in two melodramatic novels about an imaginary country called Ruritania) （指国家、政治）玩弄阴谋 诡计的. ruse / ru:z; ruz/ n deceitful way of doing sth or getting sth; trick 骗术; 诈术; 诡计: think up a ruse for getting into the cinema without paying 想个不花钱进电影院的花招* My ruse failed. 我的计谋 落空了. rush / rQF; rQF/ v 1 [I, Ipr, Ip, It, Tn.pr, Tn.p, Dn.n, Dn.pr] (cause sb/sth to) go or come with great speed （使某人[某物]）急速去或来: Don't rush: take your time. 别急急忙忙的, 慢慢来. * Water went rushing through the lock gates. 水流经水闸时十分湍急. * The children rushed out of school. 孩子们飞快跑出学校. * Don't rush away/off --I haven't finished. 别急著要走--我还没完呢. * People rushed to buy the shares. 人们抢著购买股票. * Ambulances rushed the injured to hospital. 救护车把受伤的人火速送到医院. * Relief supplies were rushed in. 救济品已急速送到. * Please rush me (ie send me immediately) your current catalogue. 请将你方现有目录尽速寄来为盼. 2 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sb) (into sth/doing sth) (cause sb to) act hastily （使某人）仓促行事: regret rushed decisions 对贸然做出的决定感到懊悔 * rush into marriage 仓促结婚* Don't rush me --this needs thinking about. 别催我--这事得考虑考虑. * rush sb into signing a contract 催促某人匆匆签 署合同. 3 [Tn] attack or capture (sb/sth) by a sudden assault 突袭（某人[某事物]）: rush the enemy's positions, defences, etc 向敌人的阵地、防御工事等突然发起进攻* Fans rushed the stage after the concert. 音乐会结束后乐迷涌向舞台. 4 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (for sth) (infml 口) charge (a customer, etc) a high or exorbitant price 向（顾客等）索高价, 敲竹杠: How much did the garage rush you for those repairs? 汽车服务站敲了你多少修理费? 5 (idm 习语) run/rush sb off his feet => foot1. rush into `print publish sth without proper care or consideration 草率出版某物. 6 (phr v) rush sth out produce sth very quickly 匆促生产某物; 赶制某物: Editors rushed out a piece on the crash for the late news. 编辑迅速将失事消息编入晚间新闻. rush sth through (sth) cause sth to become official policy, etc very quickly 使某事物很快通过成为官方政策　?w: rush a bill through Parliament 使一项法案在议会中仓促通过. rush / rQF; rQF/ n 1 [sing] (instance of) rapid headlong movement or swift advance 急促的动作; 冲; 奔: The tide comes in with a sudden rush here. 这里潮水来势汹涌. * make a rush for the door 冲到门前* People were trampled in the headlong rush. 大家拼命向前涌, 踩著了很多人. 2 [sing] sudden onset or surge of sth 突发; 突现: a rush of blood to the cheeks 脸一下子红起来* work in a rush of enthusiasm 凭著一股热情工作* a rush of cold air, eg as a window is opened 一股冷空气 （如开窗时）. 3 [sing, U] (infml 口) (period of) great activity 繁忙的活动（时刻）: Why all this mad rush? 为什麽要这样急急忙忙的? * the Christmas rush, ie the period before Christmas when crowds of people go shopping 圣诞节前的购物热* I'm in a dreadful/tearing rush (ie hurry) so I can't stop. 我忙得不可开交. * have a bit of a rush on 要忙一阵子 * [attrib 作定语] a rush job, ie one done as quickly or as soon as possible 要尽快做妥的工作. 4 [C] ~ on/for sth sudden great demand for goods, etc （对货物等的）大量急需, 争购: a rush on umbrellas, eg when there is heavy rain 争购雨伞（如下大雨时）. 5 rushes [pl] (infml 口) first print of a cinema film before it is cut and edited （电影）样片（未经剪辑者）. rush-hour n. time each day when traffic is busiest because people are going to or coming from work （上下班时的）交通拥挤时间, 高峰时刻: morning/evening rush-hours 早上[晚上]交通拥挤时间 * [attrib 作定语] I got caught in the rush-hour traffic. 我遇上了高峰时刻的车辆, 寸步难行. rush / rQF; rQF/ n marsh plant with a slender pithy stem which is dried and used for making chair-seats, baskets, etc 灯心草（乾燥后用于编制椅面、篮子等）: [attrib 作定语] rush matting 灯 心草编织的席子. rushy adj. full of rushes 长满灯心草的. rusk / rQsk; rQsk/ n type of biscuit or bread baked hard and crisp, esp one used for feeding babies 脆 饼乾, 硬而脆的面包乾（尤指婴儿食用的）: `teething rusks 婴儿出牙期磨牙的饼乾. rusk / rQsk; rQsk/ n type of biscuit or bread baked hard and crisp, esp one used for feeding babies 脆 饼乾, 硬而脆的面包乾（尤指婴儿食用的）: `teething rusks 婴儿出牙期磨牙的饼乾. russet / 5rQsIt; `rQsIt/ adj soft reddish-brown （柔和的）赤褐色的: russet autumn leaves 秋天赤褐 色的叶子. russet n. 1 [U] russet colour 柔和的赤褐色. 2 [C] type of rough-skinned apple of this colour 一 种赤褐色的粗皮苹果. Russian / 5rQFn; `rQFEn/ adj of Russia, its culture, its language or its people 俄罗斯的; 俄国的; 俄 罗斯文化的; 俄语的; 俄罗斯人的; 俄国人的: Russian folklore, dancing 俄罗斯民俗、舞蹈. Russian n. 1 [C] person from Russia or, loosely, the former Soviet Union 俄罗斯人; 俄国人;（泛 指旧时的）苏联人. 2 [U] principal language of the former Soviet Union 俄罗斯语; 俄语. Russian roulette ( a) act of bravado in which a person holds to his head a revolver of which one (unknown) chamber contains a bullet, and pulls the trigger 俄罗斯轮盘赌（逞能冒险举动, 用只装一 发子弹的左轮手枪对准自己头部扣动扳机）: play (at) Russian roulette 玩俄罗斯轮盘赌. (b) (fig 比喻) any action or situation involving serious and unpredictable risks 严重而不可预测的冒险行动 或情况. Russo- : comb form 构词成分Russian; of Russia or, loosely, the former Soviet Union 俄罗斯的; 俄国的; 俄罗斯文化的; 俄语的; 俄罗斯人的; 俄国人的;（泛指旧时）苏联的: the Russo-Japanese war 日俄战争 * Russophiles, ie people who are friendly to Russia or impressed by Russian achievements 亲俄的人. rust / rQst; rQst/ n [U] 1 reddish-brown coating formed on iron or steel by the action of water and air 铁锈: badly corroded with rust 严重锈蚀的 * [attrib 作定语] rust patches 锈斑 * rust remover 除 锈剂. 2 reddish-brown 赤褐（色）: [attrib 作定语] rust colour 赤褐色.3 (fungus causing a) plant disease with rust-coloured spots 锈病（植物疾病, 呈现铁锈色斑点）; 锈菌. rust v. [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p esp passive 尤用于被动语态] ~ (sth) (away/through) (cause sth to) be affected with rust （使某物）生锈;（使某植物）生锈病: Brass doesn't rust. 黄铜不生锈. * The hinges had rusted away, ie been destroyed by rust. 铰链锈坏了. * The underneath of the car was badly rusted. 汽车底部锈得很厉害. rusty adj. (-ier, -iest) 1 affected with rust 生锈的; 锈蚀的; 生锈病的: rusty nails 生锈的钉子. 2 [esp pred 尤作表语] (fig 比喻) of a poor quality or standard through lack of practice （因缺乏实 践）质量或标准下降; 荒疏: My German, tennis, singing is rather rusty. 我久未练习, 德语、网球、 唱歌水平低了很多. rustily adv. rustiness n. [U]. rust-proof adj. (of metal) treated to prevent rusting （指金属）经防锈处理的, 不锈的. v [Tn] treat (metal) this way 对（金属）作防锈处理. rustic / 5rQstIk; `rQstIk/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语]1 (approv 褒) typical of the country or country people 有农村或村民特色的: rustic charm, peace, simplicity 乡村的秀丽、宁静、简朴 * lead a rustic existence 过乡村生活. Cf 参看 rural. 2 rough and unrefined 粗野的; 不雅的: rustic accents, manners 粗俗的腔调、举止.3 made of rough timber or untrimmed branches 用粗糙的木材 或树枝制作的: a rustic bench, bridge, fence, etc 用粗糙木料制的长凳、桥、栅栏等. rustic n. (esp derog 尤作贬义) peasant or yokel 乡巴佬儿: country rustics 乡下佬儿. rustically / -klI; -klI/ adv. rusticity / rQ5stIsEtI; rQs`tIsEtI/ n [U] being typical of the country in appearance or character 乡村 的特点、风格或气息. rusticate / 5rQstIkeIt; `rQstI9ket/ v 1 [Tn] (Brit) send (a student) away from university temporarily, as a punishment 罚（大学生）暂时停学离校. 2 [I] (fml 文) settle in the country and lead a rural life 在农村定居. rustication / 9rQstI5keIFn; 9rQstE`keFEn/ n [U]. rustle / 5rQsl; `rQsl/ v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] (cause sth to) make a dry light sound, esp by friction or rubbing together （使某物）发生轻而爽的声音（尤指摩擦或挤磨声）: Her silk dress rustled as she moved. 她走起路来, 丝质的连衣裙作响. * Leaves rustled gently in the breeze. 树叶迎著微风 策策作响. * I wish people wouldn't rustle their programmes during the solos. 在独奏进行时,我希望 人们不要把节目单翻得沙沙地响. 2 [Ipr, Ip] move along making such a sound 发著轻而爽的声 音移动: Did you hear something rustling through the bushes? 你听见有东西在灌木丛中地 移动吗? 3 [Tn] (US) steal (cattle or horses that are grazing in the wild) 偷盗（放牧中的牛或马）. 4 (phr v) rustle sth/sb up (infml 口) prepare or provide sth/sb, esp at short notice 准备, 提供, 张罗 （尤指仓促间）: I'll rustle up some eggs and bacon for you. 我给你弄些鸡蛋和腌猪肉. * I rustled up a few helpers to hand out leaflets. 我找到几个助手散发传单. rustle n. [sing] rustling sound 轻而爽的声音: the rustle of banknotes, petticoats 钞票、衬裙的娑 娑声. rustler / 5rQslE(r); `rQslL/ n (US) cattle or horse thief 偷牛贼; 盗马贼. rustling / 5rQslIN; `rQslIN/ n 1 [C, U] (instance of the) sound made by sth that rustles 轻而爽的 声音: mysterious rustlings at night 夜里神秘的瑟瑟声* the rustling of dry leaves, sweet-papers 枯 叶、糖果纸的沙沙声. 2 [U] stealing of cattle or horses 偷牛; 偷马. rut / rQt; rQt/ n [C] 1 deep track made by a wheel or wheels in soft ground; furrow 车辙; 沟: My bike bumped over the ruts. 我的自行车在凹凸不平的车辙道上颠颠簸簸. 2 (idm 习语) be (stuck) in a `rut have a fixed and boring way of life 囿于刻板而乏味的生活方式. get into/out of a `rut start/stop leading a routine existence 开始[不再]过刻板的生活: It's time to get out of the 9 to 5 rut, ie of the normal working day. 应该摆脱开9 点上班5 点下班那种刻板的生活了. rut v. (-tt-) [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] mark (sth) with ruts 在（某物）上形成车辙; 使（某 物）留下凹痕: The lane was rutted with tyre tracks. 这小巷有车胎轧出的凹痕. * a deeply rutted road 留有很深车辙的路. rut / rQt; rQt/ n (also the rut) [U] periodic sexual excitement of a male deer, goat, ram, etc （雄性的 鹿、羊等的周期的）性冲动: stags fight during the rut 雄鹿之间在交配期的格斗. rut v. (-tt-) [I] be affected by this （雄性的鹿、羊等周期地）性冲动: a rutting stag 准备交配的 雄鹿. rutabaga / 9ru:tE5beIgE; 9rutE`be-E/ n [C, U] (US) = swede. ruthless / 5ru:WlIs; `ruWlIs/ adj 1 having or showing no pity or compassion; cruel 无怜悯心或同情 心的; 残忍的: show ruthless disregard for other people's feelings 对别人的感情漠不关心 * a ruthless dictator 残酷的独裁者* be utterly ruthless in one's determination to succeed 下决心争取 成功对一切毫不留情. 2 never slackening or stopping; unremitting 决不松懈的; 永不停止的; 持 久的: set off at a ruthless pace 勇往直前* ruthless schedules, demands 决不放松的时间安排、要 求. ruthlessly adv: be ruthlessly efficient 永远保持高效率. ruthlessness n. [U]: The terrorists' ruthlessness shocked the population. 恐怖分子极其残忍, 全体 人民无不感到震惊. -ry => -ery. rye / raI; raI/ n 1 [U] (grain of a) type of cereal plant used for making flour or as food for cattle 黑麦; 黑麦粒: [attrib 作定语] rye bread 黑面包. =>illus at cereal 见cereal 插图. 2 [C, U] (also rye whisky) (esp US) (glass of) whisky made from rye （一杯）黑麦威士忌酒. A/S level / eI 5es levl; e 9Zs lZvl/ (in Britain) GCE examination of a standard between GCSE and Advanced level, allowing students to study more subjects than at Advanced level （英国）程度在普 通中等教育证书与高级程度之间的一种普通教育证书考试, 及格者所学科目多于高级程度者. c/s abbr. 缩写 = cps. S, s / es; Zs/ n (pl S's, s's / 5esIz; `ZsIz/) the nineteenth letter of the English alphabet 英语字母表的第 十九个字母: `Say' begins with (an) `S'. say 一字以 s 字母开始. S-bend n. bend in a road shaped like an S S 形的弯路. S abbr. 缩写= 1 (pl SS) Saint. Cf 参看St 1. 2 (esp on clothing) small (size) （尤用于衣物） 小（号）. 3 (US also So) south(ern): S Yorkshire 约克郡南部. s abbr. 缩写 = 1 (in former British currency) shilling(s) （旧时英国货币的）先令. 2 (esp on forms) single (status) （尤用于表格中）单身. SA abbr. 缩写 = 1 (religion 宗) Salvation Army. 2 / 9es 5eI;9Zs `e/ (infml 口) sex appeal. South Africa. Sabbatarian / 9sAbE5teErIEn; 9sAbE`tZrIEn/ n Christian who believes that on the sabbath one should go to church and not work, take part in sports, etc 严守安息日的基督徒（认为安息日只应去做礼拜 而不应工作、参加体育运动等者）. Sabbatarian adj. [attrib 作定语]: Sabbatarian beliefs, principles 严守安息日的教徒的信仰、教义. sabbath / 5sAbEW; `sAbEW/ n the sabbath [sing] day of the week intended for rest and worship of God (Saturday for Jews and Sunday for Christians) 安息日（犹太教为星期六, 基督教为星期日）: keep/break the sabbath, ie (not) work or play on the sabbath 守[不守]安息日 * [attrib 作定语] the sabbath day 安息日. sabbatical / sE5bAtIkl; sE`bAtIkl/ adj 1 [attrib 作定语] (of leave) given at intervals to academics for travel, study, etc （指假期）给大学教师的（用于旅行、研究等）: a sabbatical term, year, etc 大 学教师的休假学期、学年等. 2 (fml 文) of or like the sabbath （似）安息日的. sabbatical n. [C, U] (period of) sabbatical leave （大学教师的）休假（期间）: a one-year sabbatical 为期一年的休假* be on sabbatical 在休假. sable / 5seIbl; `sebl/ n 1 [C] small Arctic mammal, valued for its dark fur 紫貂; 黑貂. 2 [U] fur of this mammal 紫貂皮: [attrib 作定语] a sable coat, stole, etc 紫貂皮大衣、披肩等. sable adj. [usu attrib 通常作定语] (fml 文) black; dark; gloomy 黑色的; 暗的; 阴暗的. sabot / 5sAbEU; ?@ sA5bEU; sA`bo/ n shoe hollowed out of a single piece of wood, or having a wooden sole 木鞋（用整块木头挖成的）; 木底鞋. sabotage / 5sAbEtB:V; `sAbE9tBV/ n [U] damage done secretly to prevent an enemy, a competitor, etc succeeding, esp by destroying his weapons or equipment and spoiling his plans 阴谋破坏（尤指摧毁 对方武器或装备以及挫败对方计画等行为）: Was the fire an accident or (an act of) sabotage? 这场 大火是意外事故还是有人破坏? sabotage v. [Tn] secretly damage, destroy or spoil (sth) 阴谋破坏（某事物）: sabotage a missile, a ship, an engine, etc 毁坏导弹、船、发动机等* sabotage sb's plans, business 破坏某人的计画、 生意* They tried to sabotage my party by getting drunk. 他们想藉耍酒疯来破坏我的宴会. saboteur / 9sAbE5t\:(r); 9sAbE`t[/ n person who commits sabotage 搞阴谋破坏的人. sabra / 5sB:brE; `sBbrE/ n (esp US) Israeli Jew born in Israel 在以色列出生的犹太人. sabre (US saber) / 5seIbE(r); `sebL/ n 1 heavy cavalry sword with a curved blade （骑兵用的弯刃 的）军刀, 马刀. =>illus at sword 见sword 插图. 2 light sword with a tapering blade, used in fencing (fence2) （击剑时用的）尖细的轻剑. Cf 参看 epee, foil3. sabre-rattling n. [U] attempts to frighten sb by threatening to attack or punish him 武力盛胁; 炫耀 武力: Her speech is mere sabre-rattling, ie She will not carry out her threats. 她讲的话只不过是吓唬 人而已. * [attrib 作定语] sabre-rattling tactics 武力威胁手段. sabre-toothed tiger tiger, now extinct, having (usu two) sabre-like teeth 剑齿虎（已绝种）. sac / sAk; sAk/ n bag-like part of an animal or plant （动植物组织中的）囊, 液囊. SAC abbr. 缩写= (US) Strategic Air Command 战略空军司令部. saccharin / 5sAkErIn; `sAkErIn/ n [U] very sweet substance used as a substitute for sugar 糖精. saccharine / -ri:n; -9rin/ adj (esp derog 尤作贬义) very sweet; too sweet 极甜的; 太甜的: a saccharine taste 极甜的味道 * (fig 比喻) a saccharine smile 谄笑 * I found the film far too saccharine. 我觉得这部电影太缠绵了. sacerdotal / 9sAsE5dEUtl; 9sAsL`dotl/ adj (fml 文) 1 of a priest or priests 牧师的; 神甫的; 司铎 的. 2 (of a doctrine, etc) claiming supernatural powers for ordained priests （指教义等）认为神职 人员有超自然力的. sacerdotalism / -tElIzEm; -tl9IzEm/ n [U]. sachet / 5sAFeI; ?@ sA5FeI; sA`Fe/ n 1 sealed plastic or paper pack containing a small amount of a product （用以装少量物品的）封口的塑料袋或纸袋: a sachet of sugar, sauce, shampoo, etc 一小袋 食糖、沙司、洗发剂等. 2 small bag containing a sweet-smelling substance, placed among clothes, etc to scent them （置于衣物等中的）香囊, 香料袋. sack / sAk; sAk/ n 1 (contents of) any large bag of strong material used for storing and carrying eg cement, coal, flour, potatoes 大口袋（用以存放或装运水泥、煤、面粉、马铃薯等的）; 大口 袋所装之物: The sack split and the rice poured out. 口袋裂开了, 大米撒出来了. 2 (US) (contents of) any bag （任何的）口袋（所盛之物）: a sack of candies 一包糖果* two sacks of groceries 两 袋杂货. 3 (also `sack dress) short loose straight dress 布袋装（宽松直筒短装）. 4 (idm 习语) hit the hay/sack => hit1. sackful / -fUl; -fJl/ n quantity held by a sack 一袋的量: two sackfuls of flour 两袋面粉. sacking n. [U] cloth, eg coarse flax or hemp, used for making sacks 做口袋用的布（如麻布）. sackcloth n. [U] 1 = sacking. 2 (idm 习语) ,sackcloth and `ashes signs of repentance or mourning 忏悔; 哀悼. sack-race n. race in which competitors put both legs in a sack and move forward by jumping 套袋赛 跑（双腿套入袋内跳跃前进的竞赛）. sack / sAk; sAk/ v [Tn] (infml 口esp Brit) dismiss (sb) from a job; fire 解雇（某人）: be sacked for incompetence 因能力不够而被解雇. the sack n. [sing] dismissal from a job 解雇: give sb/get the sack 解雇某人[遭解雇] * It's the sack for you! ie You are going to be dismissed. 要把你解雇了! sack / sAk; sAk/ v [Tn] steal or destroy property in (a captured town, etc) 劫掠, 毁坏（一占领的城市 等）. the sack n. [sing] act or process of sacking a town, etc （对占领的城市等的）劫掠, 毁坏: the sack of Troy 对特洛伊的洗劫. sack / sAk; sAk/ n [U] (arch 古) dry white wine made in Spain or the Canary Islands （西班牙或加那 利群岛产的）乾白葡萄酒. sacrament / 5sAkrEmEnt; `sAkrEmEnt/ n 1 [C] ritual act in the Roman Catholic, Anglican and other Christian Churches through which those who take part believe they receive a special grace from God 圣事; 圣礼: the sacraments of baptism, confirmation, confession, etc 洗礼、坚信礼、告解. 2 the `sacrament [sing] (also the ,Blessed `Sacrament, the ,Holy `Sacrament) the consecrated bread and wine of the Eucharist; Holy Communion 圣餐; 圣餐礼: receive the sacrament 领圣餐. sacramental / 9sAkrE5mentl; 9sAkrE`mZntl/ adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] of or connected with the sacraments 圣餐的; 圣礼的: sacramental wine 圣餐中的葡萄酒. sacred / 5seIkrId; `sekrId/ adj 1 connected with or dedicated to God or a god; connected with religion 神圣的; 宗教的: a sacred rite, place, image 宗教仪式、圣地、圣像* a sacred building, eg a church, mosque, synagogue or temple 宗教建筑物（如教堂、回教寺、犹太教会堂或寺庙） * sacred music, ie for use in religious services 圣乐（宗教仪式中用的音乐）* sacred writings, eg the Koran, the Bible 宗教经典（如古兰经、圣经）. 2 ~ (to sb) regarded with great respect or reverence 受崇敬的; 不可冒犯的: In India the cow is a sacred animal. 在印度, 牛是神圣的动物. * Her marriage is sacred to her. 她认为自己的婚姻至高无上. * (joc 谑) They've changed the time of the news is nothing sacred? 把新闻时间改了--什麽都不当一回事了? 3 (fml 文) (of an obligation, etc) regarded as very important; solemn （指义务等）认为重要的, 庄严的: a sacred promise, task 郑 重的诺言、重大的任务* hold a promise sacred 信守诺言* regard sth as a sacred duty 视某事为 神圣的职责. 4 ~ to sb/sth (phrase seen on tombstones and monuments to the dead 用于墓碑及对死 者的纪念碑上的词语) dedicated to sb/sth 献给某人[某事物]: sacred to the memory of... 献给.... 5 (idm 习语) a sacred `cow an idea, institution, etc that many think should not be criticized 神圣不可侵 犯的思想、机构、制度等: Let's not make a sacred cow of the monarchy. 咱们别把君主政体奉若 神明. sacredly adv. sacredness n. [U]. sacrifice / 5sAkrIfaIs; `sAkrE9faIs/ n 1 ~ (to sb) (a) [U] offering of sth valuable, often a slaughtered animal, to a god 供奉; 献祭; 祭祀: the sacrifice of an ox to Jupiter 用牛祭祀古罗马主神朱庇特. (b) [C] such an offering; thing offered in this way 供品; 祭品; 牺牲: kill a sheep as a sacrifice 宰羊 用作祭品. 2 (a) [U] giving up of sth, usu in return for sth more important or valuable 放弃某事物 （通常指为获得更重要或更有价值的东西）: Getting rich isn't worth the sacrifice of your principles. 为致富而牺牲原则是不值得的. * He became a top sportsman at some sacrifice to himself, ie by training very hard, giving up many pleasures, etc. 他付出了一些代价才成为优秀运动员. (b) [C] thing given up in this way 牺牲的事物: Her parents made many sacrifices so that she could go to university. 她父母为她上大学在多方面作了牺牲. sacrifice v. 1 [Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ to sb; ~ sth (to sb) make a sacrifice(1) of (sth) to sb 供奉; 献祭; 祭祀: sacrifice to idols 供奉偶像* sacrifice a lamb to the gods 以羊羔祭祀众神. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sb/sth) give up sth as a sacrifice(2) 牺牲某事物: She sacrificed her career to marry him. 她为 了嫁给他牺牲了自己的事业. * The car's designers have sacrificed comfort to economy, ie have made the car less comfortable in order to sell it at a low price. 汽车设计人员为降低造价舍弃了汽车舒适 方面的一些设想. * I'm not sacrificing my day off just to go shopping with Jane. 我可不愿意牺牲一 天休假日单单陪简去买东西. sacrificial / 9sAkrI5fIFl; 9sAkrE`fIFEl/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of or like a sacrifice （似）供 奉（品）的, 献祭（品）的, 祭祀（品）的, 牺牲（品）的. sacrificially / -FElI; -FElI/ adv. sacrilege / 5sAkrIlIdV; `sAkrElIdV/ n [C usu sing, U 作可数名词时通常作单数, 亦作不可数名词] (act of) treating a sacred thing or place with disrespect 渎圣（亵渎圣物或圣地的行为）: It is (a) sacrilege to steal a crucifix from an altar. 从圣坛窃取耶稣受难像是亵渎神灵的行为. * (fig 比喻) She regarded the damage done to the painting as sacrilege. 她认为毁坏了那幅画是大逆不道的事. sacrilegious / 9sAkrI5lIdVEs; 9sAkrI`lIdVEs/ adv. sacrilegiously adv. sacristan / 5sAkrIstEn; `sAkrIstEn/ n person who looks after the contents of a church and prepares the altar for services 圣器保管员. sacristy / 5sAkrIstI; `sAkrIstI/ n room in a church where a priest puts on his vestments and where the vestments, candles, etc are kept （教堂的）圣器收藏室. sacrosanct / 5sAkrEUsANkt; `sAkro9sANkt/ adj (oftenironic 常作反语) considered too important to be changed, argued about, etc 神圣不可侵犯的: You can't cut spending on defence that's sacrosanct! 国防开支可削减不得--那可是关天关地的事! sad / sAd; sAd/ adj (-dder, -ddest) 1 showing or causing sorrow; unhappy 悲哀的; 忧愁的; 难过的: a sad look, event, story 忧愁的表情、伤心的事件、悲惨的故事* John is sad because his dog has died. 约翰因为自己的狗死了非常伤心. * I'm sad you're leaving. 你要走了, 我很难过. * It was a sad day for us all when the school closed down. 学校关闭那天, 我们都很悲痛. * Why is she looking so sad? 她为什麽愁容满面? 2 [attrib 作定语] worthy of blame or criticism; bad 该受责 备或批评的; 坏的: a sad state of affairs 很糟糕的情况* a sad case of cruelty 非常残忍的事. 3 making one feel pity or regret 令人遗憾或惋惜的: This once beautiful ship is in a sad condition now. 那麽漂亮的船现在成了这种样子了. 4 (idm 习语) ,sadder but `wiser having learnt sth important from a disappointing mistake or failure 从错误和失败吸取重要教训: The divorce left him a sadder but a wiser man. 他离婚是吃一堑长一智. sad to say (used esp at the beginning of a sentence 尤用于 句首) unfortunately 不幸的是: Sad to say, she hasn't given us permission to do it. 不幸的是, 她没 准许我们做这件事. sadden / 5sAdn; `sAdn/ v [I, Tn] (cause sb to) become sad （使某人）悲哀, 忧愁: He saddened at the memory of her death. 他想到她已死去就很难过. * Thebad news saddened us. 我们得知这个坏 消息后非常伤心. sadly adv 1 in a sad manner 悲哀地; 忧愁地: She looked at him sadly. 她很难过地看著他. regrettably 令人遗憾地; 惋惜地: a sadly neglected garden 荒废得很可惜的花园. 3 unfortunately 不幸地: Sadly, we have no more money. 我们可惜没有钱了. =>Usage at hopeful 用法见 hopeful. sadness n. 1 [U] being sad 悲哀; 忧伤. 2 [C usu pl 通常作复数] thing that makes one sad 令 人悲哀或忧伤的事物: One of the many sadnesses in his life was that he never had children. 他一生 中的一大憾事就是膝下犹虚. saddle / 5sAdl; `sAdl/ n (a) seat, often of leather, for a rider on a horse, donkey, etc or on a bicycle or motor cycle 鞍; 鞍座; （自行车或摩托车的）车座. =>illus at App 1 见附录1 插图, page xiii. (b) part of a horse's back on which this is placed 马背装鞍的部位. 2 ridge of high land rising to high points at each end 两峰间的凹下部分; 鞍状山脊. => illus at mountain 见mountain 插图. 3 joint of meat from the back of an animal, together with part of the backbone and ribs （动物的）带脊骨和 肋骨的大块肉: a saddle of lamb, venison, beef, etc 羊脊肉、鹿脊肉、牛脊肉. 4 (idm 习语) in the `saddle (a) on horseback 骑著马: spend hours in the saddle 骑马数小时. (b) (fig 比喻) in a position of control 处于控制地位: The director hopes to remain in the saddle (ie in his job) for a few more years. 该董事希望再多留任几年. saddle v. 1 [Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ up; ~ sth (up) put a saddle on (a horse) 给（马）装鞍: saddle up and ride off 套上鞍骑走* saddle one's pony (up) 给小马套上鞍. 2 (phr v) saddle sb with sth give sb an unwelcome responsibility, task, etc 让某人承担使人厌恶的责任、任务等: I've been saddled with the job of organizing the conference. 组织会议这件倒霉事交给我了. * The boss saddled her with all the most difficult customers. 老板把那些最难应付的顾客全推给她了. saddler / 5sAdlE(r); `sAdlL/ n maker of saddles and leather goods for horses 鞍匠; 马具师. saddlery / 5sAdlErI; `sAdlErI/ n 1 [U] (a) goods made or sold by a saddler 马具. (b) the art of making these 马具制造术. 2 [C] saddler's business 马具业. saddle-bag n. 1 either of a pair of bags laid over the back of a horse or donkey 马褡子; 驴褡子. 2 bag attached to the back of a bicycle saddle （自行车后座上的）挂包. saddle-sore adj. (of a rider) sore and stiff after riding （指骑马人）（骑马后）疼痛并发僵的. saddle stitching long running-stitch made with thick thread, used decoratively 鞍形针迹. sadhu / 5sB:du:; `sBdu/ n Hindu holy man who lives an ascetic life 衣食简朴的印度教圣人. sadism / 5seIdIzEm; `sedIzEm/ n [U] (a) enjoyment of watching or inflicting cruelty 施虐狂: sadism in the treatment of prisoners 从虐待囚犯中得到的乐趣. (b) getting sexual pleasure from this 性施 虐狂. Cf 参看 masochism. sadist / 5seIdIst; `sedIst/ person who practises sadism 有施虐狂的人; 有性欲施虐狂的人. sadistic / sE5dIstIk; sE`dIstIk/ adj of or showing sadism 有施虐狂的; 表现性欲施虐的: sadistic laughter 施虐狂般的笑声* a sadisticteacher 以虐待学生为乐的教师. sadistically / -klI; -klI/ adv. sado-masochism / 9seIdEU5mAsEkIzEm; 9sedo`mAsEkIzm/n [U] combination of sadism and masochism in one person, each type of behaviour being displayed at different times 施虐受虐狂; 性 施虐受虐狂. sado-masochist / 9seIdEU5mAsEkIst; 9sedo`mAsEkIst/ adj, n. sae / 9es eI 5i:; 9Zs e `i/ abbr 缩写= stamped addressed envelope 贴有邮票并写好地址的信封: enclose sae for reply 附贴有邮票并写明地址的信封以便作覆. safari / sE5fB:rI; sE`fBrI/ n (pl -ris) [U, C] 1 hunting expedition or overland journey, esp in E or Central Africa 游猎, 陆路旅行（尤指在东非或中非）: on safari 在东非游猎* return from (a) safari 中非陆路旅行归来. 2 similar expedition organized as a holiday tour 类似游猎的假日旅行. safari park park where wild animals are kept in the open for visitors to see from their cars as they drive around （可开车四处观赏的）野生动物园. safari suit casual suit in linen or a similar fabric 游猎便装. safe / seIf; sef/ adj ( -r, -st) 1 [pred 作表语] ~ (from sth/sb) protected from danger and harm; secure 安全; 平安; 无危险: You'll be safe here. 你在这里很安全. * safe from attack/attackers 免 受攻击[他人攻击]. 2 [pred 作表语] not or unlikely to be damaged, hurt, lost, etc 不会或不致受到 损害、伤害、损失等: The missing child was found safe and well. 失踪的孩子已经找到, 平安无 事. * She got back safe from her adventure. 她有惊无险已安全返回. * The plane crashed but the crew are safe. 那架飞机失事了, 但机组人员都安然无恙. * Will the car be safe outside? 汽车停在 外面安全吗? * Your secret is safe with me, ie I will not tell it to anyone. 我一定给你保密. 3 not likely to cause or lead to damage, injury, loss, etc 不致引起或导致损害、损伤、损失等的: a safe car, speed, road 安全的汽车、速度、道路* safer methods of testing drugs 检验药物的更可靠的 方法* Is that ladder safe? 那梯子结实吗? * It's not safe to go out at night. 夜晚出门不安全. * Are the toys safe for small children? 小孩儿玩儿这样的玩具有危险吗? * a safe investment, ie that will not lose money 无风险的投资* Put it in a safe place, ie where it will not be stolen, lost, etc. 把它放 在安全的地方. 4 (a) [usu attrib 通常作定语] (of a person) unlikely to do dangerous things; cautious （指人）不冒险的, 小心的: a safe driver, worker, goalkeeper 谨慎的驾驶员、工人、守 门员. (b) (often derog 常作贬义) showing a cautious attitude 谨小慎微的: a safe choice 过于小心 的选择* They appointed a safe person as the new manager, eg one unlikely to make changes, offend people, etc. 他们任命了一个谨小慎微的人担任新经理. 5 (idm 习语) better safe than sorry => better2 . for safe `keeping to be kept safely, protected, etc 妥善保管、保护等: Before the game I gave my watch to my wife for safe keeping. 我在比赛前把手表交妻子保管. in (sb's) safe `keeping being kept safely, protected, etc (by sb) 由（某人）保管、保护等: Can I leave the children in your safe keeping? 我把孩子交给你看管行吗? on the `safe side taking no risks 为慎重起见; 以防万 一: Although the sun was shining, I took an umbrella (just) to be on the safe side. 虽然有太阳, 但我 仍带了雨伞以防万一. play (it) `safe carefully avoid risks 小心避开危险; 稳重行事: The bus might be early, so we'd better play safe and leave now. 公共汽车可能早到, 因此我们得稳妥点, 现在就动 身. ,safe and `sound unharmed 平安无事: The rescuers brought the climbers back safe and sound. 救 援人员把登山的人都平安地救了回来. (as) safe as `houses very safe 非常安全: If you fix the brakes the car will be as safe as houses. 把制动器修好, 汽车就非常安全了. a safe bet thing that is certain to be successful 肯定成功的事情: I'm wearing black for the party it's always a safe bet. 我 穿黑色礼服参加聚会--万无一失. > safely adv. safeness n [U]: a feeling of safeness 安全感. safe conduct ( document granting) freedom from the danger of attack, arrest, etc when passing through an area 安全通行权; 安全通行证: The robbers wanted safe conduct to the airport for themselves and their hostages. 劫匪要求保证他们自己以及他们劫持的人质去机场的安全. safe deposit (US ,safe deposit) building containingstrong-rooms and safes which people may rent separatelyfor storing valuables 贵 重物品保管处（其保险箱可供人租用）. safe-deposit box small safe in such a building （贵重物品 保管处的）保险箱. safe house house used by criminals, secret agents, etc, where sb can be kept without being discovered or disturbed 罪犯、特务等用来藏匿人的房子. the safe period time just before and during a woman's period when sexual intercourse is unlikely to make her pregnant 安全期（妇女受孕可能性极小的时期）. safe seat ( Brit) Parliamentary seat which a candidate for a particular party cannot lose 保险席位 （一政党候选人肯定可以得到的国会议席）. safe / seIf; sef/ n strong lockable box, cabinet, etc for storing valuables 保险箱; 保险柜. safe-breaker (Brit) (also esp US `safe-cracker) n. person who breaks into safes to steal valuables 破 开保险箱的盗贼. safeguard / 5seIfgB:d; `sef9-Brd/ n ~ (against sb/sth) thing that serves as a protection from harm, risk or danger 安全设施; 保护性措施: We make copies of our computer disks as a safeguard against accidents. 我们复制了计算机磁盘以防意外. * We will introduce legal safeguards against fraud. 我 们为制止诈骗活动要采取法律保护措施. safeguard v. [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (against sb/sth) protect or guard sb/sth 保护或保卫某人[某事物]: We have found a way of safeguarding our money. 我们已有了保护钱财的办法. * a high fence that safeguards (the house) against intruders 防止外人擅入（房子）的高栅栏* new ways of safeguarding personal data, ie so that it will remain private 保护私人资料的新方法. safety / 5seIftI; `seftI/ n [U] 1 being safe; not being dangerous or in danger 安全; 平安: I'm worried about the safety of the children, ie I'm afraid something may happen to them. 我为孩子们的安全担 心. * I'm worried about the safety of the product, ie I'm afraid it may be dangerous. 我担心使用这种 产品是否安全. * We reached the safety of the river bank, ie a place where we would be safe. 我们到 了河岸的安全地带. * We're keeping you here for your own safety. 我们让你呆在这里是为了你自 身的安全. * road safety, ie stopping accidentson the roads 道路安全 * [attrib 作定语] safety precautions 安全保护措施* a safety harness, bolt 安全带、保险螺栓. 2 (idm 习语) ,safety `first (saying 谚) safety is the most important thing 安全第一. there's ,safety in `numbers (saying 谚) being in a group makes one feel more confident 人多势众: We decided to go to see the boss together; there's safety in numbers. 我们决定一起去找老板, 人多胆壮. safety-belt n. 1 = seat-belt (seat). 2 strap securing a person, eg sb working on a high building 安 全带（如高空作业用的）. safety-catch n. device that prevents the dangerous or accidental operation of a machine, etc, esp one that stops a gun being fired accidentally 安全制动装置;（尤指枪炮上的）保险栓: Is the safety-catch on? 保险栓拉上了吗? safety curtain fireproof curtain that can be lowered between the stage and the auditorium of a theatre （剧院舞台与 观众席之间可降落的）防火幕. safety glass glass that does not shatter or splinter when broken 安全玻璃（不易破碎或破碎时不易散落的）. safety island (also `safety zone) ( US) = traffic island (traffic). safety lamp miner's lamp in which the flame is protected so that it will not ignite dangerous gases （矿工的）安全 灯. safety match match that will only ignite when rubbed against a special surface, eg on the side of the matchbox 安全 火柴. safety net 1 net placed to catch an acrobat, etc if he should fall （杂技演员等用的）安全网. 2 (fig 比喻) arrangement that helps to prevent disaster if sth goes wrong 安全保障措施: If I lose my job, I've got no safety net. 我丢掉这份工作就无计可施了. safety-pin n. pin like a brooch, with the point bent back towards the head and covered by a guard when closed 别针. safety razor razor with a guard to prevent the blade cutting the skin 安全剃刀; 保险刀. safety-valve n. 1 valve that releases pressure in a steam boiler, etc when it becomes too great 安全 阀. => illus at pan 见 pan 插图. 2 (fig 比喻) way of releasing feelings of anger, resentment, etc harmlessly （无害地）发泄怒气、怨恨等的方式: My hobby is a good safety-valve for the tension that builds up at work. 我用业余爱好来消除工作中产生的紧张情绪. saffron / 5sAfrEn; `sAfrEn/ n [U] (colour of the) bright orange strands obtained from the flowers of the autumn crocus, used in cooking 藏红花的橘黄色色丝（用于烹饪）; 橘黄色. saffron adj: saffron robes 橘黄色长袍. sag / sAg; sA-/ v (-gg-) [I] 1 sink or curve down in the middle under weight or pressure （因负重或 受压）向下凹或中间下陷: a sagging roof 下陷的屋顶* The tent began to sag as the canvas became wet. 帐篷因帆布湿了中间有些下坠. 2 hang loosely or unevenly 松弛或不整齐地悬著: old torn curtains sagging at one end 垂在一端的破旧窗帘* Your skin starts to sag as you get older. 人一老 皮肤就松弛了. sag n. [U, sing] extent to which sth sags; sagging 下陷或松弛的程度; 下陷或松弛: too much sag in the mattress 床垫过于松弛* a sag in the seat of the chair 椅子座位部分的凹陷. saga / 5sB:gE; `sB-E/ n 1 long story of heroic deeds, esp of Icelandic or Norwegian heroes 长篇英 雄故事, 萨迦（尤指冰岛或挪威的英雄的）. 2 story of a long series of events or adventures, esp one involving several generations of people （情节曲折或惊险的）长篇故事（尤指家世小说）: The Forsyte Saga 《福赛特世家》* His biography is a saga of scientific research. 他的传记就是一部科 研记实. * (joc 谑) the latest episode in her house-hunting saga 在她寻找住房漫长过程中最近发生 的新鲜事. sagacious / sE5geIFEs; sE`-eFEs/ adj (fml 文) showing wisdom and good judgement 睿智的; 精明 的; 有判断力的: a sagacious person, remark, decision 精明的人、精辟的论断、英明的决定. sagaciously adv. sagacity / sE5gAsEtI; sE`-AsEtI/ n [U] (fml 文) quality of being sagacious; wisdom and good judgement 睿智; 精明; 精确的判断: Sagacity, unlike cleverness, may increase with age. 睿智与聪 明不同, 前者可与年龄俱增. sage / seIdV; sedV/ n (fml 文) very wise man 圣人; 贤哲; 智者: consult the sages of the tribe 向部 落的智者求教. sage adj. [usu attrib 通常作定语] (fml often ironic 文, 常作反语) wise or wise-looking 贤明的; 貌似聪明的: a sage judge, priest, ruler, etc 贤明的法官、牧师、统治者等* in the sage opinion of experienced journalists 根据有经验记者的高见. sagely adv. sage / seIdV; sedV/ n [U] herb with fragrant greyish-green leaves used to flavour food 鼠尾草（叶色 灰绿, 用于调味）: sage and onion stuffing, ie used to stuff a goose, duck, etc 鼠尾草和洋葱填料（用 作烹调鹅、鸭等者）. sage-brush n. [U] plant with a fragrance like sage growing in the US 灌木蒿（产于美国, 有鼠尾草 味）. Sagittarius / 9sAdVI5teErIEs; 9sAdVI`tZrIEs/ n 1 [U] the ninth sign of the zodiac, the Archer 人马 宫（黄道第九宫）. 2 [C] person born under the influence of this sign 属人马宫星座的人. =>illus at zodiac 见 zodiac 插图. Sagittarian / -5teErIEn; -`tZrIEn/ n, adj. => Usage at zodiac 用法见 zodiac. sago / 5seIgEU; `se-o/ n [U] starchy food in the form of hard white grains, used in puddings, obtained from the pith of a type of palm-tree (the sago-palm) 西米, 西谷米（用棕榈茎髓制的白色硬粒状的 淀粉质食物）. sahib / sB:b, 5sB:Ib; `sBIb/ n (often used in India, formerly, to address or refer to a) male European, usu with some social or official status （常用于印度, 旧时用作对欧洲男子直接或间接的称呼）老 爷（通常用以指有社会地位或官职者）. said / sed; sZd/ 1 pt, pp of say. 2 adj [attrib 作定语] (fml 文) = aforementioned. sail / seIl; sel/ n 1 (a) [C] (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) sheet of canvas spread to catch the wind and drive a ship or boat along 帆: hoist/lower the sails 扬[下]帆* the `foresail 前桅帆 * the `mainsail 主帆. (b) [U] sails; propulsion by means of sails 帆（总称）; （扬帆）航行: put on more sail 多扯起些帆* take in sail 收回些帆* the age of sail, ie when ships all used sails 帆船时代. 2 [sing] (a) voyage or excursion on water for pleasure 航行游览: go for a sail 乘船游玩. (b) voyage of a specified length 航程: a three-day sail to get to Brest 到布雷斯特的三天航程* How many days' sail is it from Hull to Oslo? 从赫尔到奥斯陆有几天的航程? 3 [C] (pl unchanged 复数不变) (nautical 海) ship 船: a fleet of twenty sail 有二十艘船的船队* There wasn't a sail in sight. 一条 船也看不见. 4 [C] set of slats attached to the arm of a windmill to catch the wind 风车的翼板. =>illus at windmill 见windmill 插图. 5 (idm 习语) crowdon sail =>crowd2. in full sail => full. set sail (from/to/for...) begin a voyage 起航: We set sail (for France) at high tide. 我们在涨潮时起航（去 法国）. take the wind out of sb's sails => wind1. under `sail (moving) with sails spread 扬著帆（行 进）: The yacht wasn't under sail because the wind wasn't strong enough. 风不够大, 赛艇未能扬起 风帆. sailboat n. (US) boat driven by sails 帆船. sailcloth n. [U] canvas for sails 帆布. sail / seIl; sel/ v 1 (a) [Ipr, Ip] travel on water in a ship, yacht, etc using sails or engine power; move forward on ice, a sandy beach, etc in a wheeled vehicle with sails （乘船或机帆船、游艇等）作水 上旅行; （坐带帆的轮式运载工具）在冰上或沙滩上滑行: sail up/along the coast 向[沿]海岸航行 * sail into the harbour 驶入海港* an oil tanker sailing by 驶过的油轮. (b) [I] (usu 通常作 go sailing) travel on water in a boat with sails, esp as a sport 乘帆船航行; （尤指）帆船运动. =>Usage at travel 用法见travel. 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (from...) (for/to...) (of a ship or the crew and passengers) begin a voyage （指船或船员和乘客）起航: When does the ship sail? 这船何时起航? * He has sailed (from Southampton) for New York. 他已乘船（从南安普顿）去纽约了. 3 [Tn] travel by ship across or on (a sea, an ocean, etc) 乘船在（海洋等）上或越过（海洋等）旅行: sail the Aegean in a cruiser 乘游艇在爱琴海上旅游. 4 [I, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] (be able to) control (a ship or boat) （能）驾驶（船）: Do you sail? 你会驾驶船吗? * She sails her own yacht. 她驾驶自己的游艇. * He sailed the boat between the islands. 他驾驶著船在两岛之间航行. 5 (idm 习语) run/sail before the wind => wind 1. sail close/near to the `wind behave in a way that is dangerous or nearly illegal 干危险或近乎违法 的事: He never actually tells lies, but he often sails pretty close to the wind. 他实际上从不撒谎, 但 说的话常迹近撒谎. 6 (phr v) sail across, into, past, etc sb/sth move in a smooth or very confident way in the direction specified 顺利地或极有信心地沿某方向行进: clouds sailing across the sky 轻 快地飘过天空的云彩* The manager sailed into the room. 经理神态自若地走进房间. * She sailed past (me), ignoring me completely. 她从我身旁翩然走过, 全然不理会我. sail in enter an argument or dispute energetically 参与激烈争论或辩论: Ann then sailed in with a furious attack on the chairman. 安随后严词抨击董事长. sail into sb attack sb in words 抨击某人: He sailed into the witness, accusing him of lying. 他指责证人撒谎. sail through (sth) come through (an examination, a test, etc) without difficulty 顺利通过（考试、测验等）: She sailed through her finals. 她顺利通过 期末考试. sailing n. 1 [U] travelling in a yacht, dinghy, etc, esp as a sport 驾驶帆船航行（尤指作为运动）: I love sailing. 我喜欢帆船运动. * [attrib 作定语] a sailing club, dinghy 帆船俱乐部、帆船. 2 [C] voyage made regularly; departure of a ship on a voyage （轮船的）航班; 起船: three sailings a day from here to Calais 从这里到加来每日三次轮船航班. 3 (idm 习语) plain sailing => plain1. sailing-boat, `sailing-ship ns boat or ship that uses sails 帆船. =>illus at dinghy 见插图 dinghy. 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