TransGood-Translation memory software Trados, SDL, ForeignDesk, Wordfast, WordFisher, Déjà Vu (DVX), 译佳计算机辅助翻译软件, 雅信CAT TransGood, TransMemory, Translation Software Tools, Computer-assisted translation, computer-aided translation, CAT, machine-aided translation, Translation memory software, Terminology management software, Alignment software, Software localization tools, ?bersetzung Software, Logiciels de traduction, Software di traduzione, Traducción de Software, Mémoire de traduction, Tradu??o memória, Memoria de traducción, Memoria di traduzione, Перевод Software, ForeignDesk, Okapi Framework, OmegaT, Transolution, AidTransStudio, Cafetran, Déjà Vu (DVX), Heartsome Translation Suite, MemoQ, MetaTexis, Rainbow, SDLX, SDL, STAR Transit, Trados, SDL Trados, Wordfast, WordFisher, Similis, Open Language Tools, 翻訳ソフトウェア, 翻訳メモリ, 翻译软件 辅助翻译软件 计算机辅助翻译软件 人工智能翻译 翻译工具 专业翻译软件 翻译记忆软件 塔多思 Trados SDL WordFast 雅信CAT 翻译公司 牛津词典 Oxford Dictionary government in a television broadcast. 首相在电视广播中公布了内阁的工作目标. set in ( of rain, bad weather, infection, etc) begin and seem likely to continue （指雨、坏天气、传 染等）开始并可能继续下去: I must get those bulbs planted before the cold weather sets in. 我得在天 气转冷之前把这些球茎秧种上. * Those beams will need to be replaced; it looks as though woodworm has set in. 那些大梁该换了, 看样子里面生了蛀虫了. set off begin (a journey, race, etc) 开始（旅行、赛跑等）: What time are you planning to set off tomorrow? 你打算明天几点钟启程? * They've set off on a journey round the world. 他们已经开始环游世界. * If you want to catch that train we'd better set off for the station immediately. 你要是想赶上那班火车, 咱们就最好马上动身去火车站. set sth off (a) cause (a bomb, mine, etc) to explode 使（炸弹、地 雷等）爆炸: Do be careful with those fireworks; the slightest spark could set them off. 这些烟火要格 外小心, 稍有火星就能引起爆炸. (b) cause or prompt sth 引起或激发某事物: Panic on the stock market set off a wave of selling. 股票市场上人心惶惶, 掀起抛售浪潮. (c) make sth appear more attractive by contrast （通过对比）使某事物更有吸引力: That jumper sets off the blue of her eyes. 在这件毛衣衬托下, 她眼睛的蓝色显得更漂亮了. set sb off (doing sth) cause sb to start (doing sth) 使某人开始做（某事物）: Don't set him off talking politics or he'll go on all evening. 可别让他谈起 政治来, 要不然他一谈就得一个晚上. * Her imitations always set me off (laughing). 她模仿别人的 动作, 每次都把我逗得哈哈大笑. set on sb attack sb 攻击某人: I was set on by their dog as soon as I opened the gate. 我刚一开大门, 他们的 狗就朝我扑来. set sb/sth on sb cause (a person or an animal) to attack sb 使（人或动物）攻击某人: The farmer threatened to set his dogs on us. 那个农场主威胁著要让狗咬我们. set out leave a place and begin a journey 从某地出发上路: She set out at dawn. 她天一亮就动身了. * They set out on the last stage of their journey. 他们开始了旅行的最后一程. set sth out (a) arrange or display (items) 安排或摆放（物件）: We'll need to set out chairs for the meeting. 我们要为会议摆 好椅子. * She set out the pieces on the chess-board. 她把国际象棋的棋子摆在棋盘上了. * Her work is always very well set out. 她的工作总是很有条理. * (fig 比喻) You haven't set out your ideas very clearly in this essay. 在你这篇文章里, 你没把意思说清楚. (b) state or declare sth 陈述 或宣布某事: He set out his objections to the scheme. 他说他反对这项计画. * She set out the reasons for her resignation in a long letter. 她在一封长信里阐明了辞职原因. set out to do sth begin a job, task, etc with a particular aim or goal （带著某目的）开始做某事: She set out to break the world land speed record. 她决心要打破陆上速度的世界纪录. * They succeeded in what they set out to do. 他 们打算做的事已经做成了. set to ( a) begin doing sth energetically 精力充沛地开始做某事: The engineers set to on repair work to the bridge. 工程师奋力进行修桥工作. * If we really set to we can get the whole house cleaned in an afternoon. 我们要是认真干, 一个下午就能把房子打扫乾净. (b) begin to fight or argue 开始打斗或争吵: The boys set to and had to be separated by a teacher. 那些男生大打出手, 来个老师才把他们拉开. set sb up ( infml 口) (a) make sb healthier, stronger, more lively, etc 使某人更健康、强壮、活跃 等: A hot drink will soon set you up. 你喝杯热饮料马上就精神了. * A week in the country will set her up nicely after her operation. 她手术后在郊外住上一个星期一定能复原. (b) provide sb with the money to start a business, buy a house, etc 使某人有钱创业、买房子等: Her father set her up in business. 她父亲出钱帮她创业. * His father set him up as a bookseller. 他父亲资助他做了书商. * Winning all that money on the pools set her up for life. 她赢得足球普尔的那些彩金已够她一生花 用不尽. set sth up (a) place sth in position; erect sth 摆放或竖起某物: set up a memorial, monument, statue, etc 竖起纪念物、纪念碑、塑像等* Police set up road-blocks on routes leading out of the city. 警方在通往城外的路上设置了路障. (b) make (an apparatus, a machine, etc) ready for use 使 （器械、机器等）准备使用: How long will it take to set up the projector? 把这个放映机安放好需 要多长时间? (c) establish or create sth 建立或开创某事物: The government has set up a working party to look into the problem of drug abuse. 政府已成立工作组调查滥用毒品问题. * A fund will be set up for the dead men's families. 抚恤死难工人家属的基金会即将建立起来. (d) establish (a record speed, time or distance in a sport) 创（体育）记录: She set up a new world record time in the 100 metres. 她创下了新的百米世界记录. (e) cause or produce sth 造成或产生某事物: The slump on Wall Street set up a chain reaction in stock markets around the world. 华尔街金融滑坡引起世界 股票市场的连锁反应. (f) begin to make (the specified loud noise) 开始发出（很大的噪声）: set up a commotion, din, row, etc 发出骚乱声、嘈杂声、争吵声等* The cats set up a frightful yowling when the dog appeared. 猫看到那条狗就都大声叫起来. set (oneself) up as sb establish oneself in business as (a shopkeeper, craftsman, etc) 当上（店主、手艺人等）: He moved to Leeds and set up as a printer. 他搬到利兹干起了印刷业. set oneself up as sb regard oneself as or claim to be (the specified type of person) 将自己视为或称作（某种人）: He likes to set himself up as an intellectual. 他喜欢自命为知识分子. set-back n. thing that hinders the progress of sth 妨碍发展的事物: Hopes of an early end to the strike received/suffered a severe set-back yesterday. 希望罢工早些结束, 这一愿望昨日严重受挫. * Defeat in the by-election is a major set-back to the ruling party. 执政党在补缺选举中落选, 是一极 大挫折. ,set `book (also ,set `text) book on which students must answer questions in an examination 必修课本: What are your set books for English A Level? 你们参加高级程度英语考试要读哪些必 修课本? setline = trawl line (trawl). set-to n. (pl set-tos) fight or argument 打斗; 争吵: They had the most frightful set-to. 他们大打出 手, 从来没有这麽厉害. set-up n. (usu sing 通常作单数) (infml 口) structure of an organization 组织的结构: What's the set-up (like) in your company? 你们公司的机构是怎样的? * I've only been here for a couple of weeks and don't really know the set-up. 我才刚来俩星期, 还不大了解这里的组织结构. set / set; sZt/ adj 1 [usu pred 通常作表语] having the specified position 处于某位置: a house set on a wooded hillside 在树木丛生的山坡上的房子* She has deep-set eyes. 她的眼窝很深. 2 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (of a person's expression) fixed; stiff （指人的表情）凝滞的, 呆板的: Her face wore a grim, set look. 她脸上显出严厉、木然的神情. * a set (ie insincere) smile 假笑. 3 [usu attrib 通常作定语] fixed or arranged in advance 固定的; 事先安排的: The meals in this hotel are at set times. 这家旅馆的用餐时间是固定的. * There is a set procedure for making formal complaints. 要正式提出投诉是有固定程序的. * Are there set hours of work in your company? 你们公司有固定 的办公时间吗? 4 fixed and unchanging 固定不变的: He's a man of set opinions. 他是个有固定见 解的人. * She has very set ideas about politics. 她在政治问题上有自己的固定看法. * As people get older they become more set in their ways. 人越老越有一定之规. 5 [attrib 作定语] deliberate; specific 故意的; 具体的: We've come here for a set purpose. 我们来到这里是有目的的. 6 (idm 习语) be (dead) `set against sth/doing sth be (firmly) opposed to sth （坚决）反对某事: The government are set against (the idea of) raising taxes. 内阁坚决反对增加税收（的意见）. be set on sth/doing sth be determined to do sth 决定做某事: He's set on going to university. 他决心要上大学. * She's absolutely set on publishing as a career. 她决意从事出版事业. set piece scene in a novel, film, play, etc arranged in a fixed or typical pattern or style （小说、电影、戏剧 等中）以固定模式或风格安排的场景: The play contains a number of typical Stoppard set pieces. 这 出戏里有若干典型的斯托帕特式的场景. set square / 5set skweE(r); `sZtskwZr/ triangular piece of plastic, metal or wood with angles of 90 , 60 and 30 (or 90, 45 and 45), used for drawing straight lines, esp at these angles 三角板; 三角尺. sett / set; sZt/ n = set1 9, 10. settee / se5ti:; sZ`ti/ n long soft seat with a back and usu with arms, for two or more people 长沙发. =>illus at App 1 见附录 1 插图, page xvi. setter / 5setE(r); `sZtL/ n 1 any of several breeds of long-haired dog, trained to stand motionless when it scents animals or birds being hunted 蹲伏猎狗（毛长,经训练嗅到猎物蹲伏不动以助猎）. =>illus at App 1 见附录 1 插图, page iii. 2 (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) person or thing that sets sth (in various meanings of set) （set 各词义所指的）人或事物: the setter of an examination paper 试卷命题人* a `type-setter 排字工人* a trend-setter 新潮倡导人. setting / 5setIN; `sZtIN/ n 1 [C] way or place in which sth is fixed or fastened 镶嵌; 镶嵌底座: The ring has a ruby in a silver setting. 这枚戒指的银底座上镶著一块红宝石. 2 [C] (a) surroundings; environment 环境: The castle stands in a picturesque setting surrounded by hills. 这座城堡四周环山, 风景如画. (b) place and time at which an event occurs or a play, novel, etc is set （某事、戏剧、小 说等的）背景: The setting of the story is a hotel in Paris during the war. 故事发生在战时巴黎的一家 旅馆里. * a gruesome setting for the murder 那谋杀案令人毛骨悚然的背景. 3 [C] speed, height, temperature, etc at which a device, machine, etc is or can be set to operate 装置、机器等（可调）定 的速度、高度、温度等; 挡: The cooker has several temperature settings. 这个炉具有几个温度定 位挡. 4 [C] music composed for a poem, etc （为诗等谱写的）乐曲: Schubert's setting of a poem by Goethe 舒伯特为歌德的诗谱写的乐曲. 5 [sing] descent (of the sun, moon, etc) below the horizon （日、月等的）落（在地平线以下）. settle / 5setl; `sZtl/ n wooden seat for two or more people, with a high back and arms, the seat often being the lid of a chest 木制有扶手的高背长椅（座位下常为柜橱, 座位即盖儿）. settle / 5setl; `sZtl/ v 1 (a) [I, Ipr, Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] make one's permanent home in (a country, etc) as a colonist 在（某国等）殖民: The Dutch settled in South Africa. 荷兰人在南非殖 民. * (fml 文) This area was settled by immigrants over a century ago. 这一带在一个世纪以前是移 民的殖民地. (b) [I, Ipr] make one's home in a place 定居; 安家落户: After years of travel, we decided to settle here. 我们旅行多年后, 决定在此定居. * settle in London, in Canada, in the country, near the coast 在伦敦、在加拿大、在乡村、在沿海安家. 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (on/over sth) come to rest on sth; stay for some time on sth 在某处停歇或停留一时: Will the snow settle? ie Will it remain on the ground without melting? 这雪呆得住吗? （能落在地上不融化吗? ） * The bird settled on a branch. 那只鸟落在树枝上了. * Clouds have settled over the mountain tops. 那些云彩 在山顶上空停留不散. * The dust had settled on everything. 到处都是积尘. * The cold has settled on my chest, ie It is making me cough, etc. 我患感冒已引起胸部不适（咳嗽等）. * (fig 比喻) A tense silence had settled over the waiting crowd. 在等候的人群中有一种紧张的寂静感. 3 [I, Ip, Tn] ~ (back) make (sb/oneself) comfortable in a new position 使（某人[自己]）在新位置上觉得舒 适: settle (back) in one's armchair 舒适地（仰）坐在单座沙发上* The nurse settled her patient for the night, ie made him comfortable, gave him medicine, etc. 护士安顿病人过夜（让他舒适、给他 药等）. * He settled himself on the sofa to watch TV. 他舒舒服服地坐在长沙发上看电视. 4 [I, Tn] (cause sb/sth to) become calm, composed or relaxed （使某人[某事物]）平静、镇静或放松: Wait until all the excitementhas settled. 等到激动情绪平静下来再说. * Have a drink to settle your stomach. 喝点饮料胃口就舒服些. * The thunderstorm may settle the weather. 这场雷暴过后天气 可能反而好些. * This pill will help to settle your nerves. 你吃了这片药神经就不那麽紧张了. * He had been quite anxious, but I managed to settle his mind. 他原来很著急, 我总算把他的情绪稳定下 来了. 5 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tf, Tw] ~ sth (with sb) make an agreement about sth; arrange sth finally or satisfactorily; deal with sth 对某事物达成一致意见; 终于或满意地安排好某事物; 解决; 处理: settle a dispute, an argument, an issue, etc 解决一争端、争论、问题等* That settles the matter. 事 情就那样解决了. * Nothing is settled yet. 什麽也没定下来. * You should settle your affairs (eg by making a will) before you leave. 你应该把你的事情处理好再走（如先写好遗嘱）. * It's time you settled your dispute with him. 现在你该跟他把争端解决了. * We have settled that we will leave next week. 我们已经安排好下星期走. * Have you settled how it will be done? 对于如何处理这件 事, 你们是否已达成协议了? (b) [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb) resolve a legal dispute by mutual agreement 相 互同意解决一法律上的争端: The parties in the lawsuit settled (with each other) out of court, ie reached an agreement before the case was heard in court. 涉讼双方（相互）达成协议庭外和解. 6 (a) [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn] ~ (up) (with sb) pay (what is owed, a bill, etc) 偿付, 结算（欠债、帐单等）: You owe a lot, and it's now time to settle (with your creditors). 你欠了很多债, 现在该偿还（给债权人）了. * Have you settled (up) with her for the goods? 你跟她结算货款了吗? * If you pay for both of us now, we can settle up later. 你要是现在先付清咱们两人的帐, 事后咱们俩再细算. * The insurance company has settled her claim. 保险公司已经清偿了她的索赔款额. * Please settle your bill before leaving the hotel. 离开旅馆前请先结帐. (b) [Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (with sb) (fig 比喻) punish sb for (an injury, insult, etc that one has suffered) 为（所受的伤害、侮辱等）惩罚某人: He thinks he can laugh at me, but I'll settle with him soon. 他以为他嘲笑我之后就算完事了, 我马上就要找他算这 笔帐. * settle a score, grievance, etc 清算旧仇、积怨等. 7 (a) [I, Tn] (cause sth to) sink to a lower level （使某物）下沉, 下降: The dregs have settled at the bottom of the bottle. 渣滓都沉到瓶底了. * Stir the coffee to settle the grounds. 把咖啡搅一搅好让渣滓沉淀. * The shower of rain has settled the dust. 这一阵雨把尘土都赶到地上了. (b) [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become clear as solid matter sinks （使某物）清澈（因固体下沉所致）: Has the beer settled? 啤酒澄清了吗? * Leave the wine on a shelf for a week to settle it. 把酒搁在架子上放一个星期好让它澄清. (c) [I] become more compact; subside 变得更紧实或坚实; 下陷: The wall sagged as the earth beneath it settled. 由于墙基的土下 陷, 墙也凹陷了. * The contents of the packet have settled in transit, ie come closer together, so that there appears to be less. 小包装袋里的东西在运输中已经压实了（显得少了）. 8 (idm 习语) pay/settle an old score => old. settle one's/an ac`count (with sb) get revenge for an injury, insult, etc 为受到的伤害、侮辱等复仇: She insulted my mother, so I have an account to settle with her. 她侮 辱我的母亲, 我得跟她算这笔帐. settle sb's`hash (infml 口) deal finally with sb who is being awkward, aggressive, etc 终于整治一下那个闹别扭、找麻烦等的人. when the dust has settled =>dust1. 9 (phr v) settle down (a) sit or lie in a comfortable position 舒适地坐或躺: She settled down in an armchair to read her book. 她舒适地坐在单座沙发上看书. (b) adopt a more stable or quiet way of life; get used to a new way of life, job, etc 过更安定或宁静的生活; 习惯于新的生活 方式、工作等: When are you going to marry and settle down? 你什麽时候结婚过上安定生活? * She is settling down well in her new job. 她很能适应这份新工作. settle (sb) down (cause sb to) become calm, less restless, etc （使某人）安静、安顿、安心等: Wait until the children settle down before you start the lesson. 等学生都静下心来再开始上课. * After all the recent excitement things have begun to settle down again. 经过最近这些激烈事情之后, 一切又都平静下来了. * The chairman tried to settle the audience down, ie get them to stop talking, etc. 主席尽力让听众安静下 来. settle (down) to sth begin to give one's attention to sth 开始注意某事物: The constant interruptions stopped me settling (down) to my work. 我受到不断打扰, 无法定下心来工作. settle for sth accept sth that is seen as not quite satisfactory 勉强认可某事物: I had hoped to get 1000 for my old car but had to settle for a lot less. 我那辆旧汽车原指望卖上 1000 英镑, 后来少卖了很多也认了. settle (sb) in/into sth ( help sb to) move into a new home, job, etc and become established there （帮 助某人）迁入新居、做新工作等, 并安顿下来: We only moved house last week and we haven't settled in yet. 我们上星期才搬的家, 还没安顿下来呢. * We settled the children into new schools when we moved to London. 我们搬到伦敦后就给孩子们转好了新学校. settle on sth choose sth; decide to take sth 选择某事物; 决定做某事: Have you settled on the wallpaper you prefer? 你选好你喜欢的壁纸了吗? * We must settle on a place to meet. 咱们得把见面的地点定下 来. settle sth on sb (law 律) transfer (property, etc) to sb's ownership 将（财产等）转让给某人: He settled part of his estate on his son. 他把部分财产转让给儿子了. settled / 5setld; `sZtld/ adj not changing or likely to change; stable 不变的; 不大可能改变的; 稳定 的: a settled spell of weather 持续一阵的天气* lead a more settled life 过著安定些的生活. settlement / 5setlmEnt; `sZtlmEnt/ n 1 (a) [U] settling or being settled 解决; 处理; 决定; 和解: the settlement of a debt, dispute, claim 债务的偿还、争端的解决、索赔的清偿. (b) [C] agreement, etc that settles sth 解决某事物之协议等: a lasting settlement of the troubles 一劳永逸的解决纠纷 的办法* The strikers have reached a settlement with the employers. 罢工的人已同雇主达成协议. 2 [C] (law 律) (document stating the) terms on which money or property is given to sb; money or property given in this way 金钱或财产的转让（契约）; 转让的金钱或财产: a `marriage settlement, ie one made by a spouse in favour of his/her spouse when they get married 婚姻财产协议（结婚时一 方向配偶转让财产的协议）. 3 (a) [U] process of settling in a colony 殖民（过程）: the gradual settlement of the American West 向美国西部逐渐伸展的殖民过程. (b) [C] place where colonists have settled 殖民地: Dutch and English settlements in North America 荷兰人和英国人在北美的殖 民地* penal settlements in Australia 澳大利亚流放地. 4 (idm 习语) in settlement (of sth) as payment (for sth) 对（债务等的）清偿: I enclose a cheque in settlement of your account. 兹附支票 一张以结清贵处帐目. settler / 5setlE(r); `sZtlL/ n person who comes to live permanently in a new, developing country; colonist 移民到新的发展中国家的人; 殖民者: Welsh settlers in Argentina 移居阿根廷的威尔士 人. seven / 5sevn; `sZvEn/ pron, det 7; one more than six 7,七（个）. =>App 4 见附录4. seven n. 1 the number 7 *7; 七. 2 (idm 习语) at sixes and sevens => six . seven- ( in compounds 用以构成复合词) having seven of the thing specified 有七个...的: a seven-line poem 一首七行诗. seventh / 5sevnW; `sZvEnW/ pron, det 7th; next after sixth 第7, 第七（个）. n one of seven equal parts of sth 七分之一. seventhly adv. For the uses of seven and seventh see the examples at five and fifth. 关于 seven 和 seventh 的用法见 five 和 fifth 词条中的示例. the seventh day the Sabbath (Saturday for Jews, Sunday for Christians) 安息日（犹太教徒之星期六; 基督教徒之星 期日）. seventeen / 9sevn5ti:n; 9sZvEn`tin/ pron, det 17; one more than sixteen 17, 十七（个）. =>App 4 见 附录4. seventeen n. the number 17 *17; 十七. seventeenth / 9sevn5ti:nW; 9sZvEn`tinW/ pron, det 17th; next after sixteenth 第17, 第十七（个）. n one of seventeen equal parts of sth 十七分之一. For the uses of seventeen and seventeenth see the examples at five and fifth. 关于 seventeen 和 seventeenth 的用法见 five 和 fifth 词条中的示例. seventy / 5sevntI; `sZvEntI/ pron, det 70; one more than sixty-nine 70, 七十（个）. =>App 4 见附录 4. seventieth / 5sevntIEW; `sZvEntIEW/ pron, det 70th; next after sixty-ninth 第70, 第七十（个）. n one of seventy equal parts of sth 七十分之一. seventy n. 1 [C] the number 70 *70; 七十. 2 the seventies [pl] numbers, years or temperature from 70 to 79 从 70 到 79 的数目、年数或温度. 3 (idm 习语) in one's `seventies between the ages of 70 and 80 在 70 到 80 岁之间. For the uses of seventy and seventieth see the examples at five and fifth. 关于 seventy 和 seventieth 的用法见 five 和 fifth 词条中的示例. seventy-eight n. old-fashioned type of gramophone record to be played at 78 revolutions per minute 每分钟 78 转的旧式电唱机唱片. sever / 5sevE(r); `sZvL/ v (fml 文) 1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr]~ sth (from sth) divide or break or separate sth by cutting 切断, 割断（某物）: sever a rope 割断绳子* a severed limb, artery 截断的一肢、动 脉* His hand was severed from his arm. 他的手切下与胳膊分离了. (b) [Tn] (fig 比喻) break off; end 中止; 结束: sever relationswith sb 与某人断绝关系* She has severed her connection with the firm. 她已同那家公司脱离了关系. 2 [I] break 断; 裂: The rope severed under the strain. 绳子拉 断了. severance / 5sevErEns; `sZvErEns/ n (fml 文) [U] cutting or being cut; discontinuation 切; 割; 中 断: the severance of diplomatic relations, of communications, of family ties 外交关系、通讯、家 庭关系的断绝. severance pay money paid to an employee whose contract is terminated 遣散费; 离职金; 解雇费. several / 5sevrEl; `sZvrEl/ indef det, indef pron more than three; some, but fewer than many 三个以 上; 一些（但不多）; 几个. (a) (det) : Several letters arrived this morning. 今天上午来了几封信. * He's written several books about India. 他已经写了几本关于印度的书. * Several more people than usual came to the lunchtime concert. 来参加午餐时间音乐会的人比平日多了几个. (b) (pron) : If you're looking for a photograph of Alice you'll find several in here. 你要是想找艾丽斯的照片, 这儿 有几张. * There was a fire in the art gallery and several of the paintings were destroyed. 美术馆失了 场火, 烧毁了几张画. * Several of you need to work harder. 你们有几个人还需要努力. severally / 5sevrElI; `sZvrElI/ adv (dated or fml 旧或文) separately 分开地: They had all severally reached the same conclusion. 他们分别得出了同一结论. severe / sI5vIE(r); sE`vIr/ adj (-r, -st) 1 ~ (on/with sb/sth) strict or harsh in attitude or treatment; imposing stern discipline 严格的; 严厉的; 苛刻的; 纪律严明的: a severe look, punishment, measure 严厉的样子、惩罚、措施* a severe critic of modern drama 严厉批评现代戏剧的评论 家* be severe with one's children 对子女很严* Was the judge too severe on the thief? 这个法官 对小偷是不是太严厉了? 2 very bad, intense, difficult, etc 非常恶劣、紧张、困难等: a severe storm 猛烈的风暴* severe pain, injuries, etc 剧痛、重伤* a severe attack of toothache 牙齿的剧 痛* The drought is becoming increasingly severe. 旱灾日趋严重. 3 demanding great skill, ability, patience, etc （对技巧、能力、耐心等）要求很高的: a severe test of climbers' stamina 对攀登者 耐力的严峻考验* severe competition for university places 考大学的激烈竞争* The pace of the race was too severe to be maintained for long. 比赛的速度极快, 很难持久. 4 (of style, appearance, clothing, etc) unadorned; simple （指风格、外貌、衣物等）无装饰的, 简单的, 朴素的: Her plain black dress was too severe for such a cheerful occasion. 她穿著黑色连衣裙, 在这种欢乐的场合未 免太素了. severely adv: punish sb severely 严厉惩罚某人 * severely handicapped 严重伤残* dress very severely 穿 得很朴素. severity / sI5verEtI; sE`vZrEtI/ n 1 [U] quality of being severe 严格; 严厉; 苛刻; 剧烈; 朴素: punish sb with severity 严厉惩罚某人* the severity (ie extreme cold) of the winter 冬天的严寒. 2 severities [pl] (fml 文) severe treatment or conditions 严厉的对待; 艰苦的环境: the harsh severities of life in the desert 沙漠生活的艰苦. sew / sEU; so/ v (pt sewed, pp sewn / sEUn; son/ or sewed) 1 (a) [I, Ipr] make stitches in cloth, etc with a needle and thread （用针线）缝: sitting sewing by the fire 坐在火炉旁不停地缝著* sew by hand/by machine 用手[用机器]缝* sew round the hem 缝边* sew over the seam again 在缝合处 再缝一次. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] make or attach or fasten (sth) by stitching 缝制或缝上或缝合（某物）: sew a dress, skirt, etc 缝制连衣裙、裙子等* a hand-sewn shirt 手工缝的衬衫* sew a button onto the shirt 把钮扣缝在衬衫上* sew the parts of the shirt together 把衬衫各部分缝在一起* sew the flap of the pocket down 缝上衣服口袋的盖儿. 2 (phr v) sew sth in/into sth enclose sth by sewing 将某物缝进去: sew money into the lining of a coat 把钱缝在大衣的衬里儿里. sew sth up (a) join or mend sth by sewing 缝合或缝补某物: sew up a hole in a sock 把袜子上的洞缝补好* The suit was sewn up along the seams by hand. 这套衣服是手工缝的. (b) (esp passive 尤用于被动语态) (infml 口) arrange sth; settle sth 安排或解决某事: sew up a deal, project, etc 安排一交易、计画等 * By the end of the meeting everything should be nicely sewn up. 到会议结束时, 一切均应妥善解决. sewer / 5sEUE(r); `soL/ n. sewing n. [U] 1 activity of sewing （用针线的）缝, 缝合, 缝纫. 2 work (clothes, etc) that is being sown 缝制的东西（衣物等）: Where is my sewing? 我的针线活儿在哪儿呢? * I've got a pile of sewing to do. 我有很多东西要缝. * a sewing table, basket, etc 裁缝案子、篮子等. sewing-machine n. machine for sewing 缝纫机. sewage / 5su:IdV or, in British use, 英式英语读作5sju:-;`suIdV/ n [U] waste matter from human bodies, factories, towns, etc that flows away in sewers (sewer1) （下水道里的）污物: chemical treatment of sewage 对下水道污物的化学处理 * [attrib 作定语] sewage disposal 下水道污物处 理. sewage farm place where sewage is treated, esp for use as manure （下水道的）污物处理场（尤指用作肥料的）. sewage works place where sewage is purified so that it can be allowed to flow away safely into a river, etc （对下水 道的）污物处理厂. sewer / 5su:E(r) or, in British use, 英式英语读作5sju:-;`suL/ n underground pipe or passage that carries sewage away to be treated or purified 下水道; 阴沟; 污水管; 排水管. sewerage / -IdV; -IdV/ n [U] system of sewers; drainage 排水系统. sewer 2 =>sew. sewn pp of sew. sex / seks; sZks/ n 1 (a) [U] condition of being male or female; gender 性别; 性: differences of sex 性的区别* What sex is your dog? 你的狗是公的还是母的? * Everyone is welcome, regardless of age or sex. 欢迎大家, 无论男女老幼一律欢迎. * [attrib 作定语] sex discrimination, ie treating sb differently because of his/her sex 性别歧视. (b) [C] either of the two main groups (male and female) into which living things are placed according to their functions in the process of reproduction (reproduce 4) 男性, 女性, 雄性, 雌性（指生殖功能而言的）: Is this behaviour typical of the male sex? 这种行为是雄性特有的吗? * There has always been some conflict between the sexes. 两性之 间从来就有矛盾. 2 [U] ~ (with sb) sexual intercourse 性交: have sex (with sb) （与某人）性交 * They often had sex together. 他们常发生性关系. * [attrib 作定语] sex organs, ie penis, vagina, etc 性器官. 3 [U] activities that lead to and include sexual intercourse; mutual physical attraction between people 性行为; 性吸引; 性感: a film with lots of sex in it 有很多性行为镜头的电影 * During puberty, young people become more interested in sex. 年轻人在青春期对性逐渐产生较大兴 趣. * [attrib 作定语] a sex manual, ie giving information on sexual behaviour 性知识手册* a sex shop, ie selling pornography, devices to make sex more enjoyable, etc 性用品商店. 4 (idm 习语) the weaker sex => weak. sex v. [Tn] find out the sex(1) of (a creature) 鉴别（某生物）的性别: sexing very young chicks 识 别小雏鸡的性别. -sexed ( forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having the specified amount of sexual desire 有某程度的性欲的: a highly-sexed youth * over-sexed, ie too interested in sexual matters. sexless adj. 1 lacking sexual desire, attractiveness or activity 缺乏性欲、性感或性行为的: a dry, sexless person 冷淡、无性感的人* a sexless relationship 无性行为的关系. 2 neither male nor female; having neither masculine nor feminine characteristics; neuter 无性的; 无雌雄特徵的; 中 性的. sexy adj. (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) 1 of or about sex(2,3) （关于）性交的, 性行为的, 性吸引的: a sexy book, film, etc 关于性行为的书、影片等* making sexy suggestions 提出性交的想法. 2 (a) causing sexual desire 引起性欲的; 性感的: You look very sexy in that dress. 你穿著那件连衣裙很 性感. (b) feeling sexual desire 有性欲的: get/feel sexy 产生性欲[感到有性欲]. sexily adv. sexiness n. [U]. sex act sexual intercourse 性交. sex appeal sexual attractiveness 性的魅力; 性感: a man with lots of sex appeal 极性感的男子. sex life person's sexual activities 性生活: How's your sex life? 你的性生活怎样? sex-starved adj. (infml 口) not having enough opportunities for sexual intercourse 缺少性交机会 的; 性饥饿的. sex- : comb form 构词成分 six 六: sexcentenary, ie 600th anniversary. sexagenarian / 9seksEdVI5neErIEn; 9sZksEdVE`nZrIEn/ n, adj [attrib 作定语] (fml 文) (person who is) of any age from 60 to 69 60 到 69 岁之间的（人）. sexism / 5seksIzEm; `sZksIzEm/ n [U] (derog 贬) prejudice or discrimination against people (esp women) because of their sex 性别偏见或歧视（尤指对女性）: blatant sexism in the selection of staff 在挑选职员时明显的性别歧视. sexist / 5seksIst; `sZksIst/ adj (derog 贬) of or showing sexism （表现）性别偏见的, 性别歧视的 （尤指对女性）: a sexist person, attitude, remark, book 有性别歧视的人、态度、言语、书 * It is sexist to say that women are less intelligent than men. 所谓女性没有男性聪明的说法是对性别的 偏见. n (derog 贬) person who shows sexism or has a sexist attitude 有性别偏见或性别歧视的人 （尤指对女性）. sexology / sek5sClEdVI; sZk`sBlEdVI/ n [U] scientific study of human sexual behaviour 性学. sexologist / sek5sClEdVIst; sZk`sBlEdVIst/ n expert in sexology 性学专家. sextant / 5sekstEnt; `sZkstEnt/ n instrument used for measuring the altitude of the sun, eg in order to determine the position of one's ship 六分仪（测量太阳高度的仪器, 如用以为船定位）. sextet (also sextette) / seks5tet; sZks`tZt/ n (piece of music for a) group of six singers or players 六 重唱（曲）; 六重奏（曲）. sexton / 5sekstEn; `sZkstEn/ n person who takes care of a church and its churchyard, rings the church bell, etc 教堂司事（负责看管教堂及其墓地、敲钟等）. sexual / 5sekFUEl; `sZkFJEl/ adj 1 (a) of sex(2,3) or the sexes or the physical attraction between them 性交的; 性行为的; 性吸引的; 两性的; 肉体吸引的: sexual feelings, activity, desire 性吸引 的感受、性活动、性欲* Her interest in him is primarily sexual. 她喜欢他主要是肉体上的. (b) of sex(1) or gender 性别的; 性的; 男性或女性的; 雄性或雌性的: sexual differences, characteristics, etc 性的区别、特徵等. 2 [attrib 作定语] concerned with the reproduction of offspring 生殖的; 有性生殖的: sexual organs, ie penis, vagina, etc 生殖器官* sexual reproduction in plants 植物的有 性生殖. sexuality / 9sekFU5AlEtI; 9sZkFJ`AlEtI/ n [U] sexual nature or characteristics 性别的特性或特徵; 性吸引; 性感; 性能力. sexually / -ElI; -ElI/ adv: sexually active 在性方面活跃* a sexually transmitted disease 性传染 病. sexual intercourse (also intercourse) insertion of a man's penis into a woman's vagina, usu leading to the ejaculation of semen; copulation 性交; 交媾. SF / 9es 5ef; 9Zs `Zf/ abbr 缩写 = (infml 口) science fiction. sgd abbr. 缩写= signed (on a form, etc). Sgt abbr. 缩写 = Sergt. sh / F; F/ interj be quiet!; be silent! 安静! ; 静一静!: Sh! You'll wake the baby! 嘘! 你要把孩子吵 醒的! shabby / 5FAbI; `FAbI/ adj (-ier, -iest) 1 (a) (of things) in poor condition through much use or being badly cared for （指东西）因使用过久或照管不善而破旧的: a shabby dress, chair, room 破旧的连 衣裙、椅子、房间* a tramp in shabby old clothes 衣衫褴褛的流浪者. (b) (of people) poorly dressed （指人）衣著寒酸的: You look rather shabby in those clothes. 你穿著那种衣服显得很寒酸. 2 (fig 比喻) (of behaviour) mean and unfair; dishonourable （指行为）卑鄙而不正当的, 不光彩的: a shabby excuse 卑劣的藉口* play a shabby trick on sb 对某人耍鬼花招. shabbily / 5FAbIlI; `FAblI/ adv: I think you have been shabbily treated. 我看是人家亏待你了. shabbiness n. [U]. shack / FAk; FAk/ n roughly built shed, hut or house 简陋的棚子、小屋或房子. shack v. (phr v) shack up (with sb/together) (Brit sl 俚) (esp of a couple) live together although not married （尤指情侣）未婚而同居: They've decided to shack up together in her flat. 他们决定在她 的公寓里同居. shackle / 5FAkl; `FAkl/ n 1 [C usu pl 通常作复数] either of a pair of metal rings linked by a chain, used for fastening a prisoner's wrists or ankles together 手铐; 脚镣; 镣铐. 2 shackles [pl] the ~s of sth (fig 比喻) conditions, circumstances, etc that prevent one from acting or speaking freely 束缚; 羁绊: the shackles of convention 习俗的束缚. shackle v. 1 [Tn] put shackles on (sb) 给（某人）带上手铐或脚镣. 2 [Tn esp passive 尤用于被 动语态] (fig 比喻) prevent (sb) from acting or speaking freely 束缚（某人）: shackled by outdated attitudes 受旧观念的束缚. shad / FAd; FAd/ n (pl unchanged 复数不变) large edible fish of the N Atlantic coast of N America 西鲱（体大, 食用鱼, 产于北美北大西洋沿岸）. shade / FeId; Fed/ n 1 [U] ~ (from sth) (place where there is) comparative darkness and often coolness caused by sth blocking direct light or heat, esp of the sun 荫; 阴凉处: a temperature of 35C in the shade 阴凉处35C 的温度* sit in the shade of a tree, wall, etc 坐在树、墙等的阴凉处 * Stay in the shade it's cooler. 呆在背阴处吧--那儿凉快些. * The trees give some welcome shade from the sun. 这些树遮住了阳光, 很舒适凉快. 2 [C] (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) thing that shuts out light or makes it less bright 遮光物: an `eye-shade 遮光帽檐* a new shade for the `lamp/`lampshade 新灯罩. 3 shades [pl] the ~s of sth (fml 文) the darkness of sth 黑暗: the shades of evening/night 暮[夜]色. 4 shades [pl] (infml 口 esp US) sun-glasses 墨镜. 5 [U] darker part(s) of a picture, etc （图画、照片等的）较阴暗部分: There is not enough light and shade in your drawing. 你这幅画的明暗色调不够. 6 [C] (degree or depth of) colour; hue 颜色; 色度: material in several shades of blue 几种色度的蓝色材料* choose a lighter shade 选择淡些的颜色 * Do you like the blouse in this shade? 你喜欢这种色度的女衬衫吗? 7 (a) [C] ~ of sth slight difference in sth 细微的差别: a word with many shades of meaning 有许多相近意思的一个词 * people with all shades of opinion 意见不一的人们. (b) [sing] a ~ (better, worse, etc) a small amount 少量; 些微: I think it's a shade warmer today. 我觉得今天暖和一点儿. * She feels a shade better than yesterday. 她感觉比昨天好一些. 8 shades [pl] ~ s of sb/sth (infml 口) reminders of sb/sth 对 某人[某事物]的联想: `Shades of Hitler!' I thought, as I listened to the dictator haranguing the crowd. 那个独裁者向群众声嘶力竭地训话, 我一听就想到, ｀真像希特勒!＇ * In some modern fashions we can see shades of the 1930s. 在有些摩登时装中可以看到三十年代的影子. 9 [C] (fml 文) soul after death; ghost 灵魂; 鬼魂; 阴魂: the shades of my dead ancestors 我的先祖的幽魂. 10 (idm 习语) put sb/sth in the `shade be very superior to sb/sth 使某人[某事物]相形失色: I thought I was quite a good artist, but your painting puts mine in the shade. 我原以为自己画得不错, 可比起你 的画儿来未免相形见绌. shade v. 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (from sth) block off light from sb/sth; give shade to sb/sth 给某人 [某物]遮住光线; 给某人[某物]阴凉: She shaded her eyes (from the sun) with her hand. 她把手放在 眼睛上方挡住阳光. 2 [Tn] screen (a lamp, light, etc) to reduce its brightness 遮挡（灯、光等）以 减弱亮度: shade the bulb with a dark cloth 用深色布遮挡灯泡使光暗些. 3 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (in) darken (a part of a drawing, etc), eg with parallel pencil lines, to give an effect of light and shade 将 （图画等的某部）颜色加深（如加铅笔线条以显出明暗效果）: shade (in) this area to represent the person's shadow 把这部分画暗些以显出人影* the shaded areas on the map 地图上颜色深的地方. 4 [Ipr, Ip] ~ from sth into sth; ~ (off) into sth (esp of colours) change gradually into (another colour or variety) （尤指颜色）逐渐变成（其他颜色）: scarlet shading (off) into pink 猩红色逐渐变成粉色 * a colour that shades from blue into green 由蓝逐渐变绿的颜色 * (fig 比喻) socialism shading into communism 逐渐向共产主义过渡的社会主义. shading n [U] (use of) pencil marks, etc that give an effect of darkness in a part of a picture （绘画的）明暗（运用）. shadow / 5FAdEU; `FAdo/ n 1 [C, U] (patch of) shade caused by an object blocking direct rays of light 阴影; 影子: The chair casts a shadow on the wall. 椅子的影子映到墙上了. * Shadows are longer when the sun is low in the sky. 太阳很低时, 物体的影子就很长. * Her face was in deep shadow. 她的脸部在一片很暗的阴影中. * (fig 比喻) The bad news cast a shadow on/over our meeting, ie made us sad. 那个坏消息给会议蒙上了阴影. => illus at shade 见shade 插图. 2 [C] dark patch or area 深色的斑; 深色部分: have shadows under/round the eyes, eg because of illness or lack of sleep 眼睛下面[周围]有黑圈（如因病或缺觉）. 3 [U] shaded part of a picture （绘画的） 阴暗部分: areas of light and shadow 明暗的部分* The light from one side leaves half the subject's face in shadow. 因光线来自一边, 画中人的脸有一半成为阴暗部分. 4 shadows [pl] partial darkness 不完全的黑暗: a figure standing in the shadows 站在较暗处的人* the shadows of evening 暮色. 5 [C] (a) person's constant attendant or companion 如影随形的随从或伙伴: The dog is his master's shadow. 这条狗和主人形影不离.(b) person who secretly follows and watches sb, eg a criminal 跟踪盯梢的人（如对罪犯的）: The police put a shadow on the suspected robber. 警方 派探员盯住那个抢劫疑犯. 6 [C] thing that is weak or unreal 微弱的或虚幻的东西: catch at shadows, ie try to obtain sth that does not exist 捕捉虚无缥缈的东西* You can't spend your life chasing after shadows. 你不能一辈子追求不存在的东西. 7 [sing] ~ of sth (usu in negative sentences 通常用于否定句) slight trace of sth 某事物的痕迹: not a shadow of (a) doubt 毫无疑义 * There's not a shadow of justification for your behaviour. 你的举动毫无道理.8 [sing] the ~ of sb/sth the strong influence of sb/sth 某人[某事物]的巨大影响: the shadow of the approaching catastrophe 灾难即将降临的威胁* For years he lived in the shadow of his famous mother. 他受母亲盛名荫庇 多年. * The shadow of this early tragedy has affected her whole life. 她年纪轻轻遭此劫难, 影响了 她一生. 9 (idm 习语) be afraid of one's own shadow => afraid . a `shadow of one's/its former self not having the strength, influence, etc that one/it formerly had 已不再有以前的力量、影响力等: She used to be a great player, but now she's only a shadow of her former self. 她以前是个健将, 现在 已不及当年了. shadow v. [Tn] 1 cast a shadow on (sb/sth) 使阴影或影子映在（某人[某物]）上: The wide brim of his hat shadowed his face. 他的大帽檐的影子映在他的脸上. 2 follow and watch (sb) secretly 跟踪盯住（某人）: A policeman in plain clothes shadowed the criminal all day. 有个便衣警察整天 秘密监视那个罪犯. shadow adj. [attrib 作定语] (Brit politics 政) denoting leading members of the Opposition party who would probably be Cabinet ministers if their party became the Government, and who act as spokesmen on matters for which they would then be responsible 影子内阁的（指在野党若组阁, 有 望成为内阁各大臣的人对各自应负责的事务发表言论方面）: the Shadow Cabinet 影子内阁 * the Shadow Foreign Secretary 影子外交大臣. shadowy adj. 1 full of shadows or shade 有影子的; 多阴凉的: the shadowy interior of the barn 谷仓阴凉的内部 * cool, shadowy woods 凉爽、多阴凉的树林. 2 (fig 比喻) like a shadow; indistinct 似影子的; 模糊的: a shadowy figure glimpsed in the twilight 在暮色中闪现出的一个人 影. shadow-box v. [I] box with an imaginary opponent 与假想对手打拳: shadow-boxing alone in the ring 在拳击台上自己练习打拳. shadow-boxing n. [U]. shady / 5FeIdI; `FedI/ adj (-ier, -iest) 1 giving shade from sunlight; situated in the shade 遮阳的; 背 阴的; 成荫的; 在背阴处的: a shady orchard 成荫的果园* a shady corner of the garden 花园背阴 的一角. 2 (infml derog 口, 贬) not entirely honest; disreputable 不太正直的; 名声不好的: a shady business, deal, organization 不正当的生意、交易、组织机构* a shady-looking person 鬼 头鬼脑的人. shadily / -IlI; -IlI/ adv. shadiness n. [U]. shaft / FB:ft; ?@ FAft; FAft/ n 1 [C] (a) long slender stem of an arrow or a spear 箭杆; 矛杆. (b) [C] (arch 古) arrow; spear 箭; 矛. 2 [C] ~ (of sth) (fig 比喻) remark intended to wound or stimulate 旨在伤人或刺激人的话: shafts of malice 恶意挖苦人的话* her brilliant shafts of wit 她的机智犀 利的词锋. 3 [C] long handle of an axe or other tool, or eg of a golf-club 长柄（如斧、高尔夫球杆 等用具的）. 4 [C] either of the two bars or poles between which a horse is harnessed to pull a cart, etc 辕; 辕子. 5 [C] main part of a column, between the base and the capital 柱身. => illus at column 见column 插图. 6 [C] (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) bar or rod joining parts of a machine or transmitting power in a machine （机器的）连杆, 传动轴, 旋转轴: a `crankshaft * a `drive-shaft.7 [C] (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) long narrow (usu vertical) space, eg for a lift to move up and down in, for entry into a mine, or for ventilation 通道（通常指垂直的, 如为电 梯、矿井升降机等上下移动的, 或通风用的）: a `lift-shaft 升降机井 * a `mine-shaft 井筒 * sink a shaft 挖竖井. Cf 参看gallery 6. 8 the shaft [sing] (US infml 口) unfair treatment; trickery 苛待; 诡计: give sb/get the shaft 亏待某人[受到亏待] * We were given the shaft, and lost a lot of money. 我们上了大当, 损失了很多钱. 9 [C] ~ (of sth) long thin beam (of light, etc) （光线等的）束: a shaft of light/sunlight/moonlight/lightning 一道光[阳光/月光/闪光]. shaft v. [Tn] (US infml 口) treat (sb) unfairly or harshly; cheat 苛待（某人）; 欺骗. shag / FAg; FA-/ n [U] strong coarse type of cut tobacco 浓味粗烟丝. shag / FAg; FA-/ v [I, Tn] ( Brit sl 讳, 俚) have sexual intercourse with (sb) 与（某人）性交. shagged / FAgd; FA-d/ adj [pred 作表语] (also shagged `out) (Brit sl 俚) very tired 非常累; 精疲力 竭. shaggy / 5FAgI; `FA-I/ adj (-ier, -iest) 1 rough, thick and untidy 粗糙、浓密而不整齐的: shaggy hair, eyebrows 蓬乱的头发、粗眉* a shaggy beard 蓬乱的胡子.2 covered with rough untidy hair or fibres, etc 有粗糙而不整齐的毛发或纤维的: a shaggy dog, mat, coat 粗毛的狗、垫子、大衣. shaggily / -IlI; -IlI/ adv. shagginess n. [U]. shaggy-dog story long rambling joke, often with a pointless and not very funny ending 冗长杂乱的笑话（结尾常 为平淡无趣的）. shah / FB:; FB/ n (title of a) former ruler of Iran 沙（旧时伊朗国王或其称号）. shake / FeIk; Fek/ v (pt shook / FUk; FJk/, pp shaken / 5FeIkEn; `FekEn/) 1 (a) [La, I, Tn, Tn.p, Cn.a] ~ sb/sth (about/around) (cause sb/sth to) move quickly and often jerkily from side to side or up and down （使某人[某物]）急速摇动或颠簸（常指猛然产生或停止）: a bolt shaking loose in an engine 发动机上震松的螺栓* The earth shook under us, eg in an earthquake. 大地在我们脚下抖动（如地 震时）. * The table shook when she banged her fist on it. 她用拳头把桌子敲得直颤. * Shake the bottle before taking the medicine. 服药前先将药瓶摇一摇. * He shook the carpet to get rid of the dust. 他把地毯上的尘土抖掉了. * He shook her violently as a dog shakes a rat. 他使劲把她推来推 去, 像狗玩老鼠似的. * Great sobs shook his whole body. 他哭得浑身发抖. * The bumpy car ride shook us around a bit. 汽车把我们颠得有些摇摇晃晃. * Vibrations shook the panel loose. 仪表板 震松了. (b) [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) (of a person) tremble; quiver （指人）发抖, 打颤: laughed until their sides shook 笑得他们浑身直颤* shaking with laughter, fear, rage, etc 笑得、吓得、气得...打颤 * shaking with cold 冻得发抖. 2 (a) [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sb (up) disturb the calmness of sb; trouble or shock sb 使某人心绪不宁; 烦扰或惊吓某人: shaken by the news of her death 受到她死讯的震惊 * They were badly shaken (up) in the accident. 他们在这次事故中受到很大打击. * This surprising development quite shook me. 这一惊人的新情况把我吓坏了. (b) [Tn] make (sth) less certain; weaken 动摇（某人）的想法; 减弱: shake sb's faith, courage, belief, etc 动摇某人的信仰、削弱 某人的勇气、动摇某人的信念* Her theory has been shaken by this new evidence. 这一新证据动 摇了她的理论. 3 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) (of sb's voice) become weak or faltering; tremble （指某人的 嗓音）变弱, 发颤, 颤抖: His voice shook (with emotion) as he announced the news. 他宣布这一消 息时, 声音（因激动）有些颤抖. 4 [I, Ipr] ~ (on sth) (infml 口) shake hands 握手: We're agreed, so let's shake (on it). 咱们意见一致了, 握握手吧. 5 (idm 习语) shake the dust (of...) off one's feet leave a place one does not like, hoping not to return 离开厌恶之处, 但愿不再返回: After a year of misery here, I'm finally shaking the dust of this town off my feet. 我在这个市镇受了一年罪, 总算 离开这里了. shake one's `fist (at sb) show that one is angry with sb or threaten sb by shaking one's fist 向某人挥拳表示愤怒或恐吓. shake sb's `hand/shake `hands (with sb)/shake sb by the `hand grasp sb's hand and move it up and down as a greeting, or to express agreement, etc 握手（表示问候或同意 等）. shake one's `head turn one's head from side to side as a way of indicating `no', or to express doubt, sorrow, disapproval, etc 摇头（表示否定、怀疑、悲伤、不赞成等）. shake in one's `shoes (infml 口) be very frightened 非常害怕: He was shaking in his shoes at the thought of flying for the first time. 他想到这是他第一次乘飞机就吓得要命. shake a `leg (dated Brit sl 旧, 俚) (esp imperative 尤用于祈使句) get moving; start to act; hurry 出发; 动手; 赶快; 快点儿: Come on, shake a leg, we're late already. 好啦, 快点儿吧, 我们已经晚啦. shake like a leaf tremble with fear, nervousness, etc 因害怕、紧张...而发抖. 6 (phr v) shake down (a) settle down and function properly 安顿下来, 一切就绪: The new office staff are shaking down well. 新职员各方面都很顺利. (b) sleep somewhere where there is no proper bed 睡在没有正式床的地方: You can shake down on the floor. 你可以临时睡在地板上. shake sb down (US infml 口) get money from sb by threats, violence, etc 勒索或敲诈某人. shake sb/sth down (US infml 口) search sb/sth thoroughly 彻底搜查某人[某处]: Police shook the club down, looking for narcotics. 警方为搜索毒品把那个俱乐部彻底搜查了一遍. shake sth from, into, onto, out of, etc sth move sth in the specified direction by shaking 摇动某物使之沿某方向移动: shake scouring powder into the bath 把去污粉撒进浴缸里* shake salt from the salt-cellar onto one's food 摇晃盐瓶把盐 撒在食物上* shake sand out of one's shoes 把鞋里的沙子抖落出来. shake sb off rid oneself of (sb unwanted); escape from sb 摆脱（某人）; 从某人处逃脱: shake off one's pursuers 甩掉跟踪的人* She tried to shake him off but he continued to pester her. 她想甩开他, 但他仍不断 缠著她. shake sth off get rid of sth 摆脱某事物: shake off a cold, a fit of depression 治好感冒、消 除沮丧的情绪. shake sth off (sth) remove sth by shaking 用摇动等方法除掉某物: shake the snow off (one's coat) 抖掉（大衣上的）雪. shake sth out open or spread sth by shaking 用摇动等方法打开或展开某物: shake out a sheet, sail, etc 抖开床 单、帆等. shake sth up mix sth thoroughly by shaking 用摇动等方法将某物混合均匀: Shake up the salad-dressing before you put it on. 把色拉调味汁摇匀再洒在色拉上. shake sb up rouse sb from a state of lethargy, apathy, etc 使某人振作起来、积极起来等: We've got to shake up all these people with old-fashioned ideas. 我们得让这些老脑筋的人清醒清醒了. shaker n. (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) container in which or from which sth is shaken 摇动的容器; 可摇出东西的容器: a `cocktail-shaker 鸡尾酒摇动器* a `dice-shaker 色子摇盒. shaking n. [sing] act of shaking 摇动; 震动; 颠簸: give sth a good shaking, ie shake it well 把某 物摇匀. shakedown n. 1 improvised bed 临时床铺: a shakedown on the floor 地铺. 2 (US infml 口) act of getting money by violence, threats, etc 勒索; 敲诈. 3 (US infml 口) thorough search 彻底的搜 查: a shakedown of drug dealers 对毒贩进行的彻底搜查. 4 final test, eg of a ship, aircraft, etc 最 后的测试（如对船、飞行器等的）: [attrib 作定语] a shakedown voyage, flight, trial, etc 最后试 航、试飞、试用等. shake-up (also `shake-out) n. major reform or reorganization 大改革; 大改组: The only thing that will save the company is a thorough shake-up of the way it is run. 挽救该公司的唯一办法是彻底改 变其经营方式. shake / FeIk; Fek/ n 1 [C usu sing 通常作单数] act of shaking or being shaken 摇动; 震动; 颠簸: a shake of the head, ie indicating `no' 摇一下头（表示否定）* I gave my purse a shake, and a coin fell out. 我摇了一下钱包, 掉出一枚硬币. 2 the shakes [sing v] (infml 口) fit of trembling or shivering 哆嗦; 寒战: a high temperature and a fit of the shakes 发高烧打哆嗦. 3 (idm 习语) a fair shake =>fair1. in a couple of `shakes/in two `shakes (of a lamb's tail) (infml 口) in a moment; very soon 马上; 立刻: Hang on! I'll be back in two shakes! 电话先不要挂! 我马上就来! no great shakes => great. Shakespearian (also Shakespearean) / FeIk5spIErIEn; Fek`spIrIEn/ adj (in the style) of Shakespeare 莎士比亚的（风格的）: Shakespearean sonnets 莎士比亚十四行诗* Shakespearian quotations 莎 士比亚语录. shaky / 5FeIkI; `FekI/ adj (-ier, -iest) 1 shaking or trembling through weakness, illness, etc （因病、 体弱等）摇晃的, 发抖的, 颤抖的: a shaky walk, voice 摇摇晃晃的步子、颤抖的声音 * Her hands are shaky because she's nervous. 她紧张得双手发抖. * He looks a bit shaky on his feet. 他像 是站不稳的样子. 2 not firm and steady; not safe and reliable 不坚定的; 不稳定的; 不安全的; 不 可靠的: a shaky chair, table, wall 不安全的椅子、桌子、墙* The tripod is too shaky. 这个三角 架太不稳了. * (fig 比喻) a shaky argument 站不住脚的论点* The government is looking very shaky at the moment. 政府目前看来很不稳固. * My French is a bit shaky, ie I don't speak it very well. 我的法语不太好. shakily / -IlI;-IlI/ adv. shakiness n. [U]. shale / FeIl; Fel/ n [U] type of soft rock that splits easily into thin flat pieces 页岩. shaly adj. shale-oil n. [U] oil extracted from shale 页岩油. shall / FEl; Fl strong form 强读式FAl; FAl/ modal v (esp Brit) (neg 否定式 shall not, contracted form 缩约式shan't / FB:nt; FAnt/; pt should / FUd; FJd/, neg 否定式should not, contracted form 缩约式shouldn't / 5FUdnt; `FJdnt/) 1 (indicating future predictions 表示预言): We shan't know the results until next week. 我们下星期才能知道结果. * Shall we be there in time for tea? 咱们能及 时赶到那里吃下午茶点吗? * This time next week I shall be sitting on a beach in Greece. 下星期此 时此刻我正坐在希腊海滨呢. * I said I should be glad to help. 我说过我很愿意帮忙. =>Usage 1 见所附用法第1 项. 2 (fml 文) (indicating will or determination 表示意愿或决心): I shall write to you again at the end of the month. 我月底给你再写一封信. * You shall have a new dress for your birthday. 你过生日一定得有件新连衣裙. * He insisted that the papers should be destroyed. 他坚持 那些文件得销毁. * She was determined that we should finish on time. 她坚决要我们按时完成. (indicating offers or suggestions 表示提供意见或建议): Shall I (ie Would you like me to) do the washing-up? 我来洗餐具好吗? * What shall we do this weekend? 我们本周末干什麽呢? * Let's look at it again, shall we? 咱们再看一看好吗? =>Usage 3 见所附用法第3 项. 4 (fml 文) (indicating orders or instructions 表示命令或指示): Candidates shall remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. 试卷全部收回后应试人才可离开座位. * The lease stated that tenants should maintain the property in good condition. 租约规定承租人必须保持房产完好无损. shall NOTE ON USAGE 用法: 1 PREDICTIONS 预言(shall, will1) (a) Shall is used with I or we to predict a future event *shall 与I 或we 连用, 预示将要发生的事情: I shall be in touch with you again shortly. 我很快再和你联系. Will (when speaking usu contracted to 'll) is used with you, he, she, it, they as well as I and we, often in more informal contexts than shall *will （口语中通常缩略成'll） 与I 和we 连用, 也与you 、 he、 she、 it、 they 连用, 与shall 相比, 多用于口语或较随便的场 合: She'll never finish in time. 她决不能按时完成. * It'll be our first holiday for years. 这（将）是我 们多年来的第一次假期. (b) In indirect speech, should and would (when speaking usu contracted to 'd) are used 在间接引语中用should 和would （口语中通常缩略成'd）: I estimated that I should finish in ten days. 我估计我十天能完成. * Bill said he'd soon be back. 比尔说他很快就回来. 2 VOLITION 决定(shall, will1) (a) Both shall and will can express determination. *shall 和will 均可 用以表示决心. Shall is more formal, especially when used with pronouns other than I or we *shall 词 义较文, 与除I 或we 的其他代词连用时, 尤其来得庄重:He shall be given a fair trial. 他一定可以 得到公平审判的. * You'll have your radio back on Tuesday. 星期二你就能取回收音机了. * We `will get the thing right! 我们决心要把这件事弄对! (b) Should and would are used in clauses after be certain, be determined, insist, etc *should 和would 用于从句中的be certain 、 be determined 、 insist 等词语之后: He insisted that we should make a fresh start. 他硬要我们重新开始. 3 SUGGESTIONS 建议(shall, can2, could1) (a) Shall I and shall we are used to make suggestions *shall I 和shall we 可用以提出建议: Shall I drive? 我来开车好吗? * Shall we take our swim-suits? 我们带著游泳衣好不好? Can (often with of course and/or always) is also used for this purpose *can （常与of course 和[或]always 连用）也可用以提出建议: We can always come back tomorrow if you prefer. 只要你愿意的话, 我们反正明天还可以回来. Could is used to make more tentative suggestions *could 可用以提出较试探性的建议: You could try pushing the car. 你不妨推推这辆汽 车试试看. * Couldn't we ask a policeman? 我们问问警察行吗? (b) Any of these verbs can be used to ask for suggestions 这些动词均可用以徵询意见: Where shall we go now? 我们现在上哪儿去? * Can we perhaps try another route? 我们是不是可以另试试别的路线? * How could we make them listen? 我们怎样才能让他们听呢? shallot / FE5lCt; FE`lBt/ n type of onion that grows as a cluster of small bulbs 青葱. shallow / 5FAlEU; `FAlo/ adj (-er, -est) 1 not deep 浅的: shallow water 浅水* a shallow saucer, dish, bowl, etc 浅的茶托、碟子、盆等* the shallow end, eg of a swimming-pool 水浅的一端（如 游泳池的）* shallow breathing 浅呼吸. 2 (derog 贬) (of a person) not thinking or capable of thinking seriously; (of ideas, remarks, etc) not showing serious thought （指人）肤浅的, 浅薄的;（指 思想言语等）肤浅的, 浅显的: a shallow writer, argument, conversation, book 浅薄的作家、议论、 交谈、书. Cf 参看 deep1. shallow v. [I] become shallow 变浅. shallowly adv. shallowness n. [U]. shallows n. [pl] shallow place in a river or in the sea （河或海的）浅水处. sham / FAm; FAm/ v (-mm-) [I, Tn] pretend (sth); feign 装作（某事物）; 假装: He's only shamming. 他只是假装而已. * sham illness, death, sleep 装病、装死、装睡* sham dead, ie pretend to be dead 装死. sham n. (usu derog 通常作贬义) 1 [C] (a) person who pretends to be what he is not 装成与自己 实际情况不符的人: She claims to know all about computers but really she's a sham. 她自称精通计 算机, 其实她是假充内行. (b) (usu sing 通常作单数) thing, feeling, etc that is not what sb pretends that it is 装出的事物、感情等: His love was a sham; he only wanted her money. 他爱她是假的, 他 只想要她的钱. * Their marriage had become a complete sham. 他们的婚姻关系已虚有其表. 2 [U] pretence 假装: What he says is all sham. 他说的都是假的. sham adj. [attrib 作定语] (usu derog 通常作贬义) pretended; not genuine 假装的; 假的: sham piety, sympathy, anger, etc 假虔诚、同情、生气等* sham jewellery 假珠宝. shamble / 5FAmbl; `FAmbl/ v [I, Ipr, Ip] walk or run awkwardly, without raising one's feet properly 笨拙地走或跑（拖著脚）: a shambling gait 蹒跚的脚步* The old tramp shambled up to me. 那个 老流浪者拖著脚向我走来. * The hungry marchers shambled slowly along (the road). 行军的人饿得 步履蹒跚在路上慢慢走著. => Usage at shuffle 用法见 shuffle. shamble n. [sing] shambling walk 拖著脚走的步态. shambles / 5FAmblz; `FAmblz/ n [sing v] (infml 口) scene of complete disorder; muddle; mess 混乱 的场面; 凌乱; 杂乱: Your room is (in) a shambles. Tidy it up! 你的房间乱七八糟. 把它整理一下 吧! shambolic / FAm5bClIk; FAm`bBlIk/ adj (Brit infml joc 口, 谑) disorganized; chaotic 凌乱的; 混乱 的. shame / FeIm; Fem/ n 1 [U] painful feeling caused by wrong, dishonourable, improper or ridiculous behaviour (by oneself, one's family, etc) 羞耻; 羞愧; 惭愧: feel shame at having told a lie 说谎后感 到羞愧* hang one's head in shame 惭愧得低下了头* To my shame (ie I feel shame that) I never thanked him for his kindness. 我感到惭愧的是对他的好意我从未表示过感谢. 2 [U] ability to feel shame 羞愧感: How could you do such a thing? Have you no shame? 你怎麽竟然做出这种事? 你难道不知羞耻吗? * She is completely without shame. 她恬不知耻. 3 [U] dishonour 耻辱: bring shame on sb/oneself, eg by doing sth wrong or unworthy 使某人[自己]丢脸* How can we make people forget the family's shame? 我们怎麽能让人忘记这一家庭耻辱呢? 4 a shame [sing] (derog infml 贬, 口) (a) person or thing that causes shame or is unworthy 可耻的人或事物: It's a shame to take money from those who can't afford it. 拿别人的钱使人家无以自立是十分可耻的. (b) thing that is regrettable; a pity 遗憾的事; 可惜: What a shame you didn't win. 你没赢, 真遗憾. * Isn't it a shame that the rain spoiled our picnic? 这场雨把我们的野餐给搅了, 可惜不可惜? 5 (idm 习语) put sb/sth to `shame be greatly superior to sb/sth 大大优越于某人[某事物]: Your beautiful handwriting puts my untidy scrawl to shame. 你漂亮的字体把我的潦草字迹比得见不得人. `shame on you you should feel shame (about what you have done or said) 你（对做的事或说的话）应该感 到羞耻: How could you treat her so badly? Shame on you! 你怎麽能待她那麽坏? 真可耻! shame v. 1 [Tn] (a) cause (sb) to feel shame(1) 使（某人）感到羞愧: He was shamed by how much more work the others had done. 别人做得多得多, 他感到很难为情. (b) bring shame(3) upon (sb); dishonour 给（某人）带来耻辱; 使丢脸: You've shamed your family. 你给你们家丢脸了. * It's quite shaming that our society cares so little for the poor. 我们这个社会对穷人很不关心, 是很难堪的事. 2 (phr v) shame sb into/out of doing sth cause sb to do/not to do sth by making him feel shame 使某 人感到惭愧而做[不做]某事: shame sb into apologizing 使某人惭愧得赔礼道歉. shameful / -fl; -fEl/ adj causing shame; disgraceful 可耻的; 丢脸的: shameful conduct, deceit, etc 可耻的行为、骗局等. shamefully / -fElI; -flI/ adv. shamefulness n. [U]. shameless adj. (derog 贬) having or showing no feeling of shame; immodest or impudent 无羞耻感 的; 无耻的; 不要脸的: a shameless hussy 不知羞耻的荡妇* a shameless cheat, liar, etc 无耻的骗 子、说谎的人等* She's quite shameless about wearing sexy clothes at work. 她穿著性感的衣服上 班而不觉羞耻. shamelessly adv. shamelessness n. [U]. shamefaced / 9FeIm5feIst; `Fem9fest/ adj showing feelings of shame 羞愧的; 羞怯的: a ,shame-faced expression, apology, `culprit 感到惭愧的表情、致歉、罪犯. shamefacedly / -5feIstlI; -`festlI/ adv. shammy / 5FAmI; `FAmI/ n [U, C] (also shammy leather) (infml 口) = chamois-leather (chamois). shampoo / FAm5pu:; FAm`pu/ n (pl ~s) 1 [C, U] (a) (type of) soapy liquid, cream, etc for washing the hair 洗发剂; 洗发液; 洗发膏: a new perfumed shampoo 新出的香型洗发液* Don't use too much shampoo. 使用洗发剂不要过多. * dry shampoo, ie a powder brushed into the hair to clean it without wetting it 洗发粉（刷入头发中而不用水洗的粉剂）. (b) (type of) liquid or chemical for cleaning carpets, upholstery, etc or for washing a car （清洗地毯、室内饰物、汽车等的）洗涤剂. 2 [C] (a) act of washing the hair 洗发: give sb a shampoo 给某人洗头发* a shampoo and set 洗头 发并做头发. (b) act of cleaning a carpet, etc 清洗地毯等. shampoo v. (pt, pp -pooed, pres p -pooing) [Tn] wash (hair, carpets, upholstery, etc) 洗（毛发、地 毯、室内饰物等）. shamrock / 5FAmrCk; `FAmrBk/ n [C, U] clover-like plant with three leaves on each stem, the nationalemblem of Ireland 白花酢浆草（爱尔兰的国花）: wearingsome shamrock on his lapel 他西 装翻领上戴著白花酢浆草. shan't contracted form of shall not (shall) *shall not 的缩约式（参看shall） shandy / 5FAndI; `FAndI/ n (Brit) (a) [U] drink made by mixing beer with ginger-beer or lemonade 啤 酒与姜汁汽水或其他汽水混合而成的饮料. (b) [C] glass of this 一杯啤酒与姜汁汽水或其他汽水 混合而成的饮料: Two lemonade shandies, please. 请来两杯啤酒与汽水混合的饮料. shanghai / FAN5haI; FAN`haI/ v (pt, pp -haied / -5haId; -haId/, pres p -haiing / -5haIIN; -haIIN/) 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (into doing sth) (infml 口) trick or force sb into doing sth 诱骗或强迫某人做某事: tourists shanghaied into buying expensive fakes 被诱骗买昂贵假货的游客.2 [Tn] (sl 俚) (formerly) make (a man) unconscious with drink or drugs and take him away to be a sailor （旧时）用酒或麻醉 剂使（男子）失去知觉后将其掳走当水手. shank / FANk; FANk/ n 1 straight slender part of an implement, etc; shaft 工具等的长柄; 杆: the shank of an anchor, a key, a golf-club 锚杆、钥匙柄、高尔夫球棒的杆. 2 (usu pl 通常作复数) (often joc or derog 常作戏谑语或作贬义) leg, esp the part between the knee and the ankle 腿; （尤 指）小腿: long thin shanks 细长的腿. 3 (idm 习语) on Shanks's `pony/`mare (dated infml joc 旧, 口, 谑) on foot (not by car, etc) 步行; 徒步: If you won't drive me, I'll have to get there on Shanks's pony. 要是你不开车送我去, 那我就只好走著去了. tam-o-shanter / 9tAm E 5FAntE(r); 9tAmE`FAntL/ (also tammy / 5tmI; `tAmI/) n round Scottish woollen cap with a soft full top （苏格兰人的）呢子圆帽. shantung / FAn5tQN; FAn`tQN/ n [U] type of heavy silk material, usu undyed 茧绸（通常未染色）; 山东绸. shanty / 5FAntI; `FAntI/ n poorly-built hut, shed or cabin; shack 简陋的棚、舍或小屋. shanty town area inside or just outside a town, where poor people live in shanties （城镇中或近郊的）贫民窟. shanty (US chantey, chanty) / 5FAntI; `FAntI/ n (also `sea-shanty) song formerly sung by sailors while hauling ropes, etc （旧时水手拉绳索时唱的）劳动号子. shape / FeIp; Fep/ n 1 [C, U] outer form or appearance; outline of an area, a figure, etc 外形; 形状; 样子: clouds of different shapes in the sky 天空中各种形状的云彩* a garden in the shape of a semicircle 半圆形的花园* trees in all shapes and sizes 大大小小形状各异的树* the odd shape of his nose 他那鼻子的怪模样* a dress that hasn't got much shape 外形欠佳的连衣裙 * The picture is round in shape. 这幅画是圆形的. * (fig 比喻) He's a devil in human shape. 他是披著人皮的魔 鬼. 2 [C] thing that is difficult to see properly; vague form 模糊的东西; 朦胧的形状: I made out two dim shapes in the gloom. 我在朦胧中看出有两个模糊的影子. * A huge shape loomed up out of the fog. 在雾中隐约出现一个巨大的影像. 3 [U] (infml 口) condition; state 情况; 状态: She's in good shape (ie fit) after months of training. 她经过几个月训练身体好了. * What shape is the team in after its defeat? 这个队失败后情况如何? * The illness has left him in rather poor shape. 他经过 这场大病已形容枯槁. 4 (a) C] mould, etc in which sth, eg jelly, is given a particular form 模; 模 子. (b) [C, U] jelly, etc shaped in such a mould 模制的果子冻等: Have some more shape. 再吃点果 子冻. 5 (idm 习语) get (oneself) into `shape take exercise, etc in order to become fit 为健美而进行 锻炼等: I've been jogging a lot to get myself into shape. 我长期慢跑锻炼身体. get/knock/lick sth/sbinto `shape get sth/sb into an orderly state; arrange sth/sb properly 使某事物[某人]有条理; 恰 当地安排某事物[某人]: We need a new manager to get the business into shape. 我们需要有个新经 理来把业务安排妥当. * A sergeant soon knocks new recruits into shape. 中士很快就把新兵训练得 规规矩矩. give shape to sth express sth clearly 清晰地表达某事: I'm having trouble giving shape to my ideas in this essay. 我在这篇文章中表达不清自己的想法. in `any shape (or form) (infml 口) in whatever form sth appears or is presented 某事物的任何形式: I don't drink alcohol in any shape or form. 我什麽酒都不喝. in `shape fit 健康: You'll never be in shape until you eat less and take more exercise. 只有少吃多锻炼才能健美. in the shape/form of sb/sth (infml 口) appearing specifically as sb/sth 以某人[某事物]的形式: Help arrived in the shape of our next-door neighbours. 来帮助我们 的是隔壁的邻居. * I received a nasty surprise in the shape of a letter from the taxman. 我收到税务 局的来信, 把我吓得六神无主. out of `shape (a) not having the usual shape 变形; 走样: The children have been playing with my hat they've knocked it out of shape. 孩子们一直玩著我的帽子 --把它弄得不成样子了. (b) unfit 不健康: Take exercise if you're out of shape. 身体不好就要锻炼. press sth into shape => press2. the ,shape of ,things to `come sign that shows how the future is likely to develop 未来事物可能呈现的状况. take `shape take on a definite form; become more organized 成形; 变得更有条理: The plan is beginning to take shape in my mind. 这个计画在我脑子里逐渐有 了眉目. * After months of work, the new book is gradually taking shape. 经过多月的努力, 这本新 书渐渐像个样子了. shapeless adj. having no definite shape; not elegant in shape 无定形的; 形状不雅致的: The book is rather shapeless. 这本书不太像样子. * a shapeless mass, form, dress 不成形的一堆、不雅观的 形态、不成样式的连衣裙. shapelessly adv. shapelessness n. [U]. shape / FeIp; Fep/ v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (into sth) give a shape or form to sth 做成某物的形状: shape the wet clay on a potter's wheel 在陶钧上用湿黏土制坯* shape the sand into a mound 把沙 堆成小丘. 2 [Tn] have a great influence upon (sb/sth); determine the nature of (sth) 对（某人[某事 物]）有重大影响; 决定（某事物）的性质: These events helped to shape her future career. 这些事 促成了她后来从事的事业. * His attitudes were shaped partly by early experiences. 他的想法在一 定程度上是由他早期的经历决定的. 3 [I, Ip] ~ (up) develop in a certain way 进展: Our plans are shaping (up) well, ie giving signs that they will be successful. 我们的计画进展顺利. * How is the new team shaping up? 新队的表现怎样? 4 [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] make (a garment) conform to the shape of the body 使（衣服）合身: The jacket is shaped (ie becomes narrower) at the waist. 这件外衣腰部很贴身（较窄）. -shaped ( in compounds 用以构成复合词) having the specified shape 具有某形状的: a ,kidney-shaped `swimming-pool 肾形的游泳池* His figure is somewhat `pear-shaped. 他的体形 有点像梨. * Rugby is played with an ,egg-shaped `ball. 英式橄榄球运动使用的是卵形的球. SHAPE (also Shape) / FeIp; Fep/ abbr 缩写= Supreme Headquarters of Allied Powers in Europe 欧洲盟军最高司令部. shapely / 5FeIplI; `FeplI/ adj (-ier, -iest) (approv 褒) (esp of a woman's body) having an attractive shape; well formed （尤指女子的身材）漂亮的, 匀称的: a shapely bosom 线条优美的胸部 * shapely legs 匀称的腿. shapeliness n. [U]. shard / FB:d; FBrd/ (also sherd / F\:d; F[d/) n broken piece of pottery, glass, etc （陶器、玻璃等的） 碎片. Cf 参看 potsherd. share / FeE(r); FZr/ n 1 [C] ~ (in/of sth) part or portion of a larger amount which is divided among several or many people, or to which several or many people contribute （分享到的或贡献出的）一份: a fair share of the food 应得的一份食物* the robber's share of the stolen money 劫匪的一份赃款 * Your share of the cost is 10. 你这一份费用是10 英镑. * Everyone who helped gets a share in the profits. 凡是帮过忙的就得到一份利润. 2 [U, sing] ~ (in/of sth) person's part in sth done, received, etc by several people （参与、得到等的）份儿: What share did he have in their success? 在他们的 成绩中他有何贡献? * She must take her share of the blame, ie accept that she was partly responsible. 她必须承担事故的部分责任. * You're not taking much share in the conversation, ie you're saying little. 在交谈中你没怎麽说话. 3 [C] any of the equal parts into which the capital of a business company is divided, giving the holder a right to a portion of the profits 股; 股份: stocks and shares 股份* buy/hold 500 shares in a shipping company 购买[持有]某航运公司的500 股股份 * 2 shares are now worth 2.75. 2 英镑的股份现值2.75 英镑. * [attrib 作定语] share capital, dealing, prices 股本、股票交易、股票价格* a share certificate 股票. 4 (idm 习语) get, etc a/one's fair share of sth => fair1. get, etc a slice/share of the cake => cake. go `shares (with sb) (in sth) (Brit infml 口) share (profits, costs, etc) equally with others 与他人分享（利润）或分摊（费用）: Let me go shares with you in the taxi fare. 我和你分摊计程车费吧. the lion's share => lion. share v. 1 (a) [Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (out) (among/between sb) give a share of sth to others 将某物平 均分配: share 100 equally between five people, ie by giving them 20 each 把100 英镑平分给五个人 （每人得20 英镑）* share the sweets among the children 把糖分给孩子们* The profits are shared (out) equally among the partners. 合伙人均分利润. (b) [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (with sb) have a share of (sth) with another or others 与别人分享（某物）: Let's share (the last cake); you have half and I'll have half. 咱们分了（最后这块蛋糕）吧, 你一半我一半. * He would share his last pound with me. 他要是剩下最后一镑也会和我分著用. 2 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (with sb) have or use (sth) with others; have (sth) in common 与别人共有或合用（某物）; 在（某方面）有共同之处: There's only one bedroom, so we'll have to share. 只有一个卧室, 所以我们得合著用. * share a bed, room, house, etc 合用一张床、一个房间、一所房子等* share sb's belief, faith, optimism, etc 与某人 有共同的信仰、信念、乐观态度等* He shares my fears about a possible war. 他和我一样害怕 有可能发生战争. * We both share the credit for (ie were both responsible for) this success. 做成这件 事我们俩都有功劳. * Will you share your pen with me? 我能与你合用你的笔吗? 3 [Ipr, Tn] ~ (in) sth have a share in sth; participate in sth 分摊或分享某事物; 参与某事物: I will share (in) the cost with you. 我愿与你分摊费用. * She shares (in) my troubles as well as my joys. 她与我同甘共苦. 4 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sb) tell sb about sth 将某事告诉某人: She won't share her secret (with us). 她不肯把她的秘密告诉我们. * I want to share my news with you. 我想把我得到的消息告诉你. 5 (idm 习语) share and share a`like (saying 谚) share things equally 事事均分: Don't be so selfish it's share and share alike in this house. 别这麽自私--在这所房子里要事事均分. share-cropper n. (esp US) tenant farmer who gives part of his crop as rent to the owner of the land 佃农. shareholder n. owner of shares in a business company 股东. share index number used to show the current value of shares on the stock market, based on the prices of a selected number of shares 股票指数: The Financial Times share index went up five points yesterday. 《金融时 报》的股票指数昨天上升了五点. share-out n. [sing] distribution 分配; 分摊: After the robbery the crooks had a share-out (of the stolen money). 歹徒们打劫后把赃款分掉了. share / FeE(r); FZr/ n = ploughshare (plough). shark / FB:k; FBrk/ n 1 any of various types of sea-fish with a triangular fin on its back, some of which are large and dangerous to bathers 鲨鱼. 2 (infml derog 口, 贬) person who extorts money from others or lends money at very high interest rates; swindler 敲诈勒索的人; 放高利贷的人; 骗 子. shark-skin n. [U] textile fabric with a smooth, slightly shiny surface, used for outer clothing 雪克斯 金细呢, 鲨皮布（表面光滑发亮、用作面料的织物）: [attrib 作定语] a shark-skin jacket, suit, etc 鲨皮布外衣、套装等. sharp / FB:p; FBrp/ adj (-er, -est) 1 having a fine edge or point; capable of cutting or piercing; not blunt 锋利的; 尖锐的: a sharp knife, pin, needle, etc 锋利的刀、尖的大头针、尖的针 * The shears aren't sharp enough to cut the grass. 这把大剪刀不够快, 剪不动草. 2 (a) (of curves, bends, slopes, etc) changing direction suddenly; abrupt （指曲线、弯、斜坡等）急转的, 陡峭的: a sharp bend in the road 路上的急转弯* a sharp turn to the left 向左的急转. (b) [usu attrib 通常作定语] sudden; abrupt 突然的; 急剧的: a sharp drop in prices 价格的暴跌* a sharp rise in crime 犯罪率 的急剧上升. 3 well-defined; distinct; clear 轮廓鲜明的; 明显的; 清晰的: a sharp outline 清晰的 轮廓* a sharp photographic image, ie one with clear contrasts between areas of light and shade 反差 大的影像* in sharp focus 锐聚焦* The TV picture isn't very sharp. 电视图像不太清晰. * There is a sharp contrast between the lives of the poorest and the richest members of society. 社会上贫富悬 殊. 4 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (of sounds) shrill; piercing （指声音）尖锐的, 刺耳的: a sharp cry of distress 痛苦的尖叫声* the sharp raucous cawing of a crow 乌鸦的粗哑而刺耳的叫声. 5 (of tastes or smells) producing a smarting sensation; pungent （指味道或气味）强烈的, 辛辣的, 刺鼻 的: the sharp taste of lemon juice 柠檬汁的强烈酸味* the sharp smell of the acid 酸的刺鼻气味 * The cheese is a little too sharp for me, ie tastes too strong. 我觉得这乾酪味道太重了点. 6 producing a physical sensation of cutting or piercing; keen 刺骨的; 凛冽的; 剧烈的: a sharp frost/wind 严寒的霜[风] * a sharp pain in the back 背部的剧痛. 7 quickly aware of things; acute; alert 灵敏的; 敏锐的; 机警的: sharp eyes, ears, reflexes 灵敏的眼睛、耳朵、反应* a sharp person, mind, intelligence 机灵的人、敏锐的头脑、机智* a sharp sense of smell 敏锐的嗅觉 * keep a sharp look-out 严密警戒* It was very sharp of you to notice that detail straight away. 你真 机灵, 一下子就注意到这一细节. 8 ~ (with sb) (derog 贬) intended or intending to criticize, injure, etc; harsh; severe 蓄意批评、中伤等的; 尖刻的; 严厉的: a sharp criticism, rebuke, remark, etc 尖 锐的批评、严厉的指责、刻薄的言语* She was very sharp with me (ie rebuked me) when I forgot my book. 我忘带书了, 她把我训斥了一顿. * He has a sharp tongue, ie often speaks harshly or angrily. 他说话尖酸刻薄. 9 [usu attrib 通常作定语] quick; brisk; vigorous 迅速的; 敏捷的; 活 跃的: a sharp struggle, contest, etc 激烈的斗争、竞赛等* sharp competition for the job 为获得这 一工作而产生的剧烈竞争* That was sharp work, ie It was done quickly or energetically. 这件工作 干得很利索. 10 (often derog 常作贬义) quick to take advantage of sb/sth; unscrupulous 过分精明 的; 狡猾的; 不择手段的: a sharp lawyer, accountant, etc 精明的律师、会计等* She was too sharp for me, ie outwitted me. 她太精明（我斗不过她）. 11 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (infml 口) (too) smart or stylish （过分）时髦的, 漂亮的: a gambler in a sharp suit 衣著入时的赌徒* be a very sharp dresser 是个衣著漂亮的人. 12 (music 音) (a) (of a sound, an instrument, etc) above the normal or correct pitch （指声音、乐器的音调等）偏高的: That note sounded sharp. 那个音调听 起来偏高. (b) (usu following ns 通常用于名词之后) (of notes) raised half a tone in pitch （指音符） 升半音的: in the key of C sharp minor 用升C 小调. =>illus at music 见music 插图. Cf 参看 flat2 10. 13 (idm 习语) look `sharp be brisk; hurry 赶紧; 赶快: You'd better look sharp or you'll be late. 你得赶快, 不然就晚了. (as) sharp as a needle very intelligent and quick-witted 非常聪敏的. sharp `practice business dealings that are not entirely honest 不够诚实的交易手段. sharp n. (symb 符号为 #) (music 音) (symbol used to indicate a) sharp note 升半音; 升半音号: a difficult piano piece full of sharps and flats 有很多升半音、降半音难度很大的钢琴曲. Cf 参看 flat4 4, natural6. sharp adv 1 (infml 口) punctually 准时地: Please be here at seven (o'clock) sharp. 请七点整到这里. 2 (infml 口) suddenly; abruptly 突然地; 急剧地: stopped sharp 突然停住* turn sharp left 向左急 转. 3 (music 音) above the correct pitch 偏高: sing sharp 唱得偏高. sharpen / 5FB:pEn; `FBrpEn/ v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become sharp （使某物）锋利, 尖锐, 陡峭, 清晰, 强烈: The tone of his letters has sharpened (ie become less friendly) recently. 他最近来信的口 气变得刻薄起来. * sharpen a pencil 削铅笔* This knife needs sharpening. 这把刀要磨一下. * This incident has sharpened public awareness of the economic crisis. 这件事提高了公众对经济危机 的认识. * sharpen sb's wits, ie make sb more mentally alert 使某人更机智. sharpener / 5FB:pnE(r);`FBrpEnL/ n (usu in compounds 通常用以构成复合词) device that sharpens 磨具; 削具: a `pencil-sharpener * a `knife-sharpener. sharper (also `card-sharper) n. swindler, esp one who makes a living by cheating at cards 骗子（尤 指以赌纸牌行骗为生者）. sharpish adj. rather sharp 相当尖锐的; 相当敏锐的. adv (infml 口) quickly; briskly 迅速地; 敏 捷地. sharply adv 1 in a sharp way 尖锐地; 急剧地: sharply pointed 尖尖的* The road bends sharply. 这条路 的弯转得很急. * prices dropping sharply 暴跌的价格* sharply contrasted styles 迥然不同的风格 * speak sharply to sb 斥责某人. 2 (idm 习语) bring/pull sb up short/sharply => short2. sharpness n. [U]. sharp-eyed adj. having good eyesight; quick to notice things 眼快的; 目光敏锐的: A ,sharp-eyed police officer spotted the stolen car. 那个目光敏锐的警察发现了那辆被盗的汽车. sharpshooter n. person who is skilled at shooting with a gun, etc 神射手; 神枪手. sharp-sighted adj. having good eyesight 眼快的; 目光敏锐的. sharp-witted adj. able to think quickly; alert 思维敏捷的; 机智的: She was sharp-witted enough to dodge her attacker. 她才思敏捷足以避开别人的攻击. shat pt, pp of shit. shatter / 5FAtE(r); `FAtL/ v 1 I, Tn] (cause sth to) break suddenly and violently into small pieces Oxford Dictionary Translation memory software company ForeignDesk, Okapi Framework, OmegaT, Transolution, AidTransStudio, Cafetran, Déjà Vu (DVX), Heartsome Translation Suite, MemoQ, MetaTexis, Rainbow, SDLX, SDL, STAR Transit, Trados, SDL Trados, Wordfast, WordFisher, Similis, Open Language Tools http://www.transgood.com