TransGood-Translation memory software Trados, SDL, ForeignDesk, Wordfast, WordFisher, Déjà Vu (DVX), 译佳计算机辅助翻译软件, 雅信CAT TransGood, TransMemory, Translation Software Tools, Computer-assisted translation, computer-aided translation, CAT, machine-aided translation, Translation memory software, Terminology management software, Alignment software, Software localization tools, ?bersetzung Software, Logiciels de traduction, Software di traduzione, Traducción de Software, Mémoire de traduction, Tradu??o memória, Memoria de traducción, Memoria di traduzione, Перевод Software, ForeignDesk, Okapi Framework, OmegaT, Transolution, AidTransStudio, Cafetran, Déjà Vu (DVX), Heartsome Translation Suite, MemoQ, MetaTexis, Rainbow, SDLX, SDL, STAR Transit, Trados, SDL Trados, Wordfast, WordFisher, Similis, Open Language Tools, 翻訳ソフトウェア, 翻訳メモリ, 翻译软件 辅助翻译软件 计算机辅助翻译软件 人工智能翻译 翻译工具 专业翻译软件 翻译记忆软件 塔多思 Trados SDL WordFast 雅信CAT 翻译公司 牛津词典 Oxford Dictionary （使某物）突然而剧烈地裂成碎片, 粉碎: The pot shattered as it hit the floor. 罐子掉在地板上摔 了个粉碎. * The explosion shattered all the windows. 这次爆炸把所有窗户都震碎了. * (fig 比喻) What an ear-shattering noise! 这声音能把耳朵震聋! 2 [Tn] (infml 口) destroy (sth) completely 粉 碎（某事物）: shatter sb's hopes 使某人的希望破灭* This event shattered all my previous ideas. 这 件事把我以前所有的想法都摧毁了. 3 [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] (infml 口) disturb the calmness of (sb); shock 扰乱（某人）的心境; 使震骇: We were shattered by the news. 这一消息震 动了我们. 4 [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] (Brit infml 口) exhaust (sb) completely 使（某人） 筋疲力尽: We were totally shattered after the long journey. 我们经过长途旅行都已精疲力竭. shattering / 5FAtErIN; `FAtErIN/ adj very disturbing; shocking 令人极度不安的; 令人震惊的: a shattering experience 令人恐慌的事* The news was shattering. 这个消息令人震惊. shatterproof adj. designed not to shatter 防碎的: shatterproof glass for car windscreens 用作汽车 挡风玻璃的防碎玻璃. shave / FeIv; Fev/ v 1 [I, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (off sth/off) cut (hair) off the face, etc with a razor; cut hair off the face, etc of (sb) in this way （用剃刀）刮（胡须等）; 为（某人）剃毛发: I shave every morning. 我每天早上刮脸. * The nurse washed and shaved the patient. 护士给病人清洗皮肤、刮 去毛发. * Buddhist priests shave their heads. 和尚都剃光头. * She sometimes shaves the hair off her legs. 她有时剃腿上的寒毛. * Why don't you shave your beard off? 你怎麽不把胡子刮掉? 2 [Tn] cut or scrape thin slices from the surface of (wood, etc) 刨（木头等）; 削; 刮. => Usage at clip2 用 法见clip2. 3 [Tn] (infml 口) pass very close to (sb/sth), or touch (sb/sth) slightly in passing 掠过, 擦过（某人[某物]）: The bus just shaved me by an inch. 那辆公共汽车从我身边掠过, 离我只有一 英寸. * The ball narrowly shaved his off stump. 那个球紧贴著他的三柱门的外柱掠过. * The lorry shaved the barrier, scraping its side. 那辆卡车掠过路障, 刮坏了车身. 4 (phr v) shave sth off (sth) remove (a thin layer) from the surface of sth by cutting or scraping 从某物表面削去或刮掉（薄薄的 一层）: shave a millimetre (of wood) off the block 把木块刨去一毫米. shave n. 1 act of shaving 剃; 刮: A sharp razor gives a close shave. 剃刀锋利刮得就乾净. * Have a shave before you go out. 把胡子刮刮再出门. 2 (idm 习语) a close shave => close1. shaven / 5FeIvn; `FevEn/ adj shaved 剃过的; 刮过的: ,clean-shaven 剃得乾净的 * Their heads were shaven. 他们的头都剃了. =>Usage at prove 用法见 prove. shaver n. 1 (also electric razor) razor with an electric motor, operated from the mains or by a battery 电动剃刀. 2 (dated infml 旧, 口) lad; youngster 小伙子; 年轻人: You cheeky young shaver! 你这个毛头小伙子! shavings n. [pl] thin pieces of wood shaved off, esp with a plane 薄木屑;（尤指）刨花: The floor of the carpenter's shop was covered with shavings. 木匠店的地板上满是刨花. =>illus at plane 见 plane 插图. shaving-brush n. brush for spreading lather over the face, etc before shaving 胡刷. shaving-cream, shaving-foam ns cream or foam spread over the face, etc before shaving 剃须膏. shaving-stick n. cylindrical piece of soap for making lather to be used for shaving 剃须皂条. shawl / FR:l; FRl/ n large (usu square or oblong) piece of material worn round the shoulders or head of a woman, or wrapped round a baby （女用）披肩, 围巾; 襁褓. she / Fi:; Fi/ 见词条使用详细说明6.2、 6.3. pers pron 人称代词(used as the subject of a v 用作动 词的主体) female person or animal mentioned earlier or being observed now 她; （指雌性动物）它: My sister's very strong she can swim 5 miles. 我姐姐身体很棒--她能游5 英里. * Doesn't she (ie the woman we are looking at) look like her mother? 她长得是不是很像她母亲? * Do you remember our cat? She had kittens last week. 你还记得我们那只猫吗? 上星期生小猫了. Cf 参看 her1. =>Usage at he 用法见 he. she n. [sing] female animal 雌性动物: We didn't know it was a she until it had puppies. 我们原来 不知道这条狗是母的, 后来这狗下了小狗才知道. she-( forming compound ns 用以构成复合名词) female 雌的: a `she-goat 母山羊. she'd / Fi:d; Fid/ contracted form 缩约式1 she had => have. 2 she would => will1, would1. she'll / Fi:l; Fil/ contracted form 缩约式she will => will1. she's / Fi:z; Fiz/ contracted form 缩约式1 she is =>be. 2 she has =>have. sheaf / Fi:f; Fif/ n (pl sheaves / Fi:vz; Fivz/) 1 bundle of stalks of corn, barley, etc tied together after reaping （谷物等收割后的）束, 捆. 2 bundle of papers, etc laid lengthwise and often tied together （文件等的）束, 扎. shear / FIE(r); FIr/ v (pt ~ed, pp shorn / FR:n; FRrn/ or ~ed) 1 [Tn] cut the wool off (a sheep) with shears 剪（羊）的毛: sheep shearing time 剪羊毛的时节. 2 [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (off) (cause sth to) become twisted or break under pressure （使某物）弯曲或折断: The bolt sheared (off) and the wheel came off. 螺栓折了, 轮子脱了出来. * The bar fell into the machinery and sheared a connecting-rod. 那根棒掉进机器里把连杆给打弯了. 3 (phr v) be shorn of sth be stripped or deprived of sth 被剥 夺或除去某物: The room looked bare, shorn of its rich furnishings. 这个房间除去了豪华的家具以 后, 看上去光秃秃的. * a deposed king shorn of his former power 被剥夺了权力遭废黜的国王. shear sth off (sb/sth) remove (fur, hair, etc) by cutting with shears 剪掉（毛发等）: All her beautiful tresses have been sheared/shorn off. 她那长长的秀发都给剪掉了. shearer n. person who shears sheep 剪羊毛的人. shears / FIEz; FIrz/ n [pl] large cutting instrument shaped like scissors, used for shearing sheep, cutting hedges, etc and usu operated with both hands （剪羊毛、修树篱等用的）大剪刀（通常需 用双手使用）: a pair of shears 一把大剪刀* `gardening shears 园艺剪刀* `pinking shears 有锯 齿的剪刀. =>illus at clipper 见 clipper 插图. sheath / Fi:W; FiW/ n (pl ~ s / Fi:Tz; FiTz/) 1 (a) close-fitting cover for the blade of a weapon or tool 鞘; （工具的）套: Put the dagger back in its sheath. 把短剑插回鞘内. =>illus at knife 见knife 插图. (b) any similar covering 鞘状物: the sheath round an electric cable 电缆的护皮* the `wing-sheath of an insect 昆虫的鞘翅. 2 close-fitting (usu rubber) covering for wearing on the penis during intercourse as a contraceptive; condom （男用）避孕套, 保险套, 阴茎套: a contraceptive sheath 避 孕套. 3 woman's close-fitting dress （女用）紧身连衣裙: [attrib 作定语] a sheath gown 紧身长袍. sheath-knife n. (pl -ves) knife with a fixed blade that fits in a sheath 有鞘的刀. =>illus at knife 见 knife 插图. sheathe / Fi:T; FiT/ v 1 [Tn] (fml 文) put (sth) into a sheath 将（某物）插入鞘或套中: He sheathed his sword. 他把剑插进鞘里. 2 [esp passive 尤用于被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (in/with sth) put a protective covering or casing on sth 给某物加上保护套: electric wire sheathed with plastic 有塑料 护皮的电线. sheathing n. [U, C] protective covering or casing, eg on parts of a building 盖板, 望板（如建筑物 的）. sheaves pl of sheaf. shebang / FI5bAN; FE`bAN/ n (idm 习语) the whole shebang => whole. shebeen / FI5bi:n; FI`bin/ n place selling alcoholic liquor illegally, esp in Ireland and Africa 非法卖酒 的地方（尤指在爱尔兰和非洲的）. shed / Fed; FZd/ n (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) one-storey building used for storing things, sheltering animals, vehicles, etc or as a workshop （用以储物、关牲口、停车辆等或作车 间的）平房, 棚: a `tool-shed 工具房* a `wood-shed 柴房 * a `coal-shed 煤库* a `cattle-shed 牲 口棚 * an `engine-shed 机车库* a `bicycle-shed 自行车棚. =>illus at App 1 见附录1 插图, page vii. Cf 参看 hut. shed / Fed; FZd/ v (-dd-; pt, pp shed) 1 [Tn] lose (sth) by its falling off; let (sth) fall or come off 使 （某物）脱落、剥落、蜕下或脱下: Trees shed their leaves and flowers shed their petals. 到时候 树就落叶、花就掉瓣. * Some kinds of deer shed their horns. 鹿有些种类能脱换鹿角. * The snake sheds its skin regularly. 蛇到时候会蜕皮. * The lorry has shed its load, ie Its load has accidentally fallen off onto the road. 那辆卡车把货物掉在路上了. 2 [Tn] (fml 文) allow (sth) to pour out 使 （某物）流出: shed tears, ie weep 流泪* shed blood, ie wound or kill another person or other people 流血（使他人受伤或丧命）* shed one's blood, ie be wounded or killed 流血（受伤或被杀死）. [Tn] take or throw (sth) off; remove 去掉（某物）; 除掉: shedding one's clothes on a hot day 天热 时脱掉衣服* The duck's feathers shed water immediately. 鸭子的羽毛沾不住水. * (fig 比喻) You must learn to shed (ie get rid of) your inhibitions. 你应该尽量摆脱抑制心态. 4 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (on sb/sth) spread or send sth out 散发出（某物）: a fire shedding warmth 向外散热的火 * The lamp shed soft light on the desk. 台灯柔和的光线照射在桌面上. * (fig 比喻) She sheds happiness all around her. 她焕发著喜悦的神采. 5 (idm 习语) cast/shed/throw light on sth => light1. sheen / Fi:n; Fin/ n [U] gleaming brightness; shiny quality 光辉; 光彩; 光泽: the sheen of silk 丝绸 的光泽* hair with a glossy golden sheen 金灿灿的毛发. sheep / Fi:p; Fip/ n (pl unchanged 复数不变) 1 grass-eating animal with a thick fleecy coat, kept in flocks for its flesh as food and for its wool 羊; 绵羊. Cf 参看ewe, lamb1, ram1, black sheep (black1). 2 (idm 习语) like `sheep too easily influenced or led by others 易受他人影响; 易受他人 左右. make `sheep's eyes at sb (infml 口) look at sb in a loving but foolish way 傻乎乎地向某人送 秋波. one may/might as well be hanged/hung for a sheep as a lamb => hang1. separate the sheep from the goats =>separate2.a wolf in sheep's clothing => wolf. sheep-dip n. [U, C] (liquid used in a) bath in which sheep are immersed to kill the insects, etc in their wool 羊消毒浴（液）. sheep-dog n. dog trained to guard and herd sheep; dog of a breed suitable for this 牧羊犬: [attrib 作 定语] sheep-dog trials, ie contests for trained sheep-dogs 牧羊犬比赛. sheep-fold n. enclosure for sheep 羊栏; 羊圈. sheepskin n. 1 [C] (a) rug consisting of a sheep's skin with the wool on it 羊皮毯（一只羊的整张 毛皮）. (b) garment made of two or more such skins 羊皮袄. 2 [U] leather or parchment made from the skin of sheep 绵羊皮革; 羊皮纸. 3 [C] (US joc 谑) diploma 毕业证书. sheepish / 5Fi:pIF; FipIF/ adj (feeling) foolish and embarrassed through shame 羞怯的; 局促不安 的:a sheepish smile, grin, look, expression, etc 腼腆的微笑、粲然一笑、样子、表情等. sheepishly adv. sheepishness n. [U]. sheer / FIE(r); FIr/ adj 1 [attrib 作定语] complete; thorough; utter 完全的; 彻底的; 十足的: sheer nonsense 一派胡言* a sheer waste of time 纯粹浪费时间* by sheer chance 完全出于偶然地. 2 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (of textiles, etc) thin, light and almost transparent （指织物等）薄的、轻 的、几乎透明的: sheer nylon 薄而透明的尼龙. 3 almost vertical; very steep 近乎垂直的; 陡峭 的: a sheer rock, cliff, etc 陡峭的岩、悬崖等* a sheer drop of 50 feet 50 英尺垂直降落. sheer adv straight up or down 垂直地; 陡峭地: a cliff that rises sheer from the beach 矗立于海滩上的悬 崖* The ground dropped away sheer at our feet. 我们眼前的地面垂直地陷落下去. sheer / FIE(r); FIr/ v (phr v) sheer away (from sth)/sheer off (sth) turn suddenly away from a course, topic, etc that one wishes to avoid 突然改变路线、转换话题等; 避开: When he saw me coming he sheered off in the opposite direction. 他一看到我过来, 掉头就走了. * She tends to sheer away from any discussion of her divorce. 一谈到她离婚的事她就尽量转换话题. sheet / Fi:t; Fit/ n 1 large rectangular piece of cotton, linen, etc, usu used in pairs between which a person sleeps 被单; 褥单; 床单: put clean sheets on the bed 把乾净的被单铺在床上. 2 (a) broad thin piece of any material 薄板; 薄片: a sheet of glass, tin, copper, paper 一块玻璃、一块镀锡铁 皮、一块铜片、一张纸 * [attrib 作定语] sheet metal, copper, tin, etc, ie rolled or hammered into thin sheets 金属薄板、薄铜板、镀锡铁皮. (b) piece of paper for writing or printing on, usu in a standard size （书写或打印用的）纸（通常指大小有一定规格的）: two sheets of A4 两张A4 的 纸* put a fresh sheet in the typewriter 把一张纸放进打字机中. 3 wide expanse (of water, ice, snow, flame, etc) （水、冰、雪、火等的）一片: (infml 口) The rain came down in sheets, ie very heavily. 大雨滂沱. * After the heavy frost the road was a sheet of ice. 浓霜过后, 路面结了一层冰. 4 (idm 习语) a clean sheet/slate => clean1. white as a sheet => white1. sheeting n. [U] material used for making sheets (sheet1 1) 用作被单、褥单或床单等的料子. sheet lightning lightning that appears as a broad expanse of light in the sky 片状闪电. sheet music music published on separate sheets and not bound in a book 活页乐谱. sheikh (also sheik) / FeIk; ?@ Fi:k; Fik/ n 1 Arab chief; head of an Arab village, tribe, etc （阿拉 伯的）酋长; （阿拉伯村庄、部落等的）首领. 2 Muslim religious leader （伊斯兰教的）教长. sheikhdom (also sheikdom) / -dEm; -dEm/ n area of land ruled by a sheikh 酋长统辖的领土; 酋长 国. sheila / 5Fi:lE; `FilE/ n (Austral or NZ sl 澳或新西兰, 俚) girl or young woman 少女; 少妇. shekel / 5Fekl; `FZkl/ n 1 [C] (a) ancient silver coin used by the Jews 谢克尔（古时犹太人用的银 币）. (b) unit of money in Israel 新谢克尔（以色列的货币单位）. 2 shekels [pl] (infml joc 口, 谑) money 钱: She's raking in the shekels (ie earning a lot of money) in her new job. 她做这份新工作可 捞著钱了. sheldrake / 5FeldreIk; `FZl9drek/ n (pl shelduck / 5FeldQk;`FZl9dQk/) type of wild duck with brightly coloured feathers that lives in coastal areas 翘鼻麻鸭. shelduck / 5FeldQk; `FZl9dQk/ n (pl unchanged 复数不变) female sheldrake （雌的）翘鼻麻鸭. shelf / Felf; FZlf/ n (pl shelves / Felvz; FZlvz/) 1 flat rectangular piece of wood, metal, glass or other material fastened horizontally to a wall or in a cupboard, bookcase, etc for things to be placed on （柜 橱、书架等的）搁架, 搁板: put up a shelf 搭搁板* a shelf full of crockery 摆满了陶器的架子 * a `bookshelf 书架. =>illus at App 1 见附录1 插图, page xvi. 2 thing resembling a shelf, esp a piece of rock projecting from a cliff, etc or from the edge of a mass of land under the sea 搁板状物; （尤 指）悬崖等上突出的岩石, 大陆架: the continental shelf 大陆架. 3 (idm 习语) on the `shelf (infml 口) (a) (of a person) put aside as if no longer useful （指人）被闲置（似已无用）: A retired person should not be made to feel he's on the shelf. 不应该让退休的人感到自己是个闲人. (b) (often sexist 常含性别偏见) (of an unmarried woman) regarded as being too old to be likely to be asked to marry sb （指未婚女子）被认为年龄较大因而不太可能有人向她求婚: Women used to think they were on the shelf at 30. 过去女人一到30 岁就认为是过了结婚年龄. shelf-life n. (usu sing 通常作单数) time for which a stored item remains usable 贮藏寿命（物品的 保存期限）: packets of biscuits with a shelf-life of two or three weeks 保存期为二至三星期的袋装 饼乾. shelf-mark n. number marked on a book to show where it should be kept in a library 排架号（图书 馆标于书上指示置于书架位置的编号）. shell / Fel; FZl/ n 1 [C, U] hard outer covering of eggs, of nut-kernels, of some seeds and fruits, and of animals such as oysters, snails, crabs and tortoises （卵、坚果、种子、果实以及牡蛎、蜗牛、 蟹、龟等的）壳: collecting sea-shells on the beach 在海滩捡贝壳* empty coconut shells 空的椰 子壳* broken pieces of shell 贝壳的碎片. =>illus 见插图. 2 [C] (a) walls, outer structure, etc of an unfinished or burnt-out building, ship, etc （尚未完工的或被火烧毁房子或船等的）骨架、框 架等: Only the shell of the factory was left after the fire had been put out. 大火扑灭之后, 工厂只剩 下个空架子了. (b) any structure that forms a firm framework or covering （任何形式的）坚固框架 或外罩: the metal shell of the aircraft engine 飞机发动机的金属外壳* the rigid body shell of a car 汽车坚固的车体外壳. 3 [C] (a) metal case filled with explosive, to be fired from a large gun 炮弹: The building was destroyed by an artillery shell. 这座建筑物被炮弹炸毁了. Cf 参看 cartridge1, shot1 4. (b) (US) = cartridge1. 4 [C] light rowing-boat for racing （轻型的）赛艇. 5 (idm 习语) come out of one's `shell become less shy, reserved, etc 不再羞怯、沉默等: She used to be so quiet, but now she's really coming out of her shell and chatting to everyone. 她一向沉默寡言, 但现在可真 活了, 跟谁都能谈得来. go, retire, withdraw, etc into one's `shell become more shy, reserved, etc 越 发羞怯、沉默等: Her rejection of him seems to have made him go back into his shell. 他遭她拒绝 后就更不爱吭声了. shell v. 1 [Tn] (US also shuck) remove the shell of (sth) 除去（某物）的壳: shell peas, peanuts, almonds, etc 剥豌豆、花生、杏仁等 * (saying 谚) It's as easy as shelling peas, ie very easy. 这事 非常容易. 2 [Tn] fire shells (shell3) at (sb/sth) 炮击（某人[某物]）: shell the enemy positions 炮 击敌人阵地. 3 (phr v) shell out (sth) (for sth) (infml 口) pay out, often reluctantly 付款（常指不情 愿地）: I shall be expected to shell out (the money) for the party. 这次聚会可能要让我花钱. shell bean ( US) bean of which the seed is eaten and not the pod 不连豆荚吃的豆类. shellfish n. (pl unchanged 复数不变) (a) [C] type of water animal with a shell, esp one of the edible types, eg oysters, mussels, crabs and shrimps 水生有壳动物（如牡蛎、贻贝、蟹及虾等可食用者）. (b) [U] such animals as food （作食物用的）水生有壳动物: I eat lots of shellfish. 我常吃虾、蟹 及贝类食物. shell-shock n. [U] nervous illness that can affect soldiers who have been in battle for a long time 炮 弹休克（士兵因久战而患的神经病）. shell-shocked adj. 1 suffering from shell-shock 患炮弹休克的. 2 (fig 比喻) shocked; confused; dazed 震惊的; 慌乱的; 眩晕的: I felt totally shell-shocked after coping with five boisterous children all day. 我和五个吵闹的孩子周旋了一整天, 觉得头昏脑胀. shellac / FE5lAk, also 5FelAk; FE`lAk/ n [U] resinous substance in the form of thin sheets or flakes, used in making varnish 虫胶; 紫（胶虫）胶. shellac v. (-ck-) [Tn] 1 varnish (sth) with shellac 给（某物）涂上虫胶清漆. 2 (US infml 口) defeat (sb) soundly or severely 彻底击败（某人）. shellacking n. (usu sing 通常作单数) (US infml 口) sound or severe defeat 彻底的失败: We gave their team a real shellacking. 我们把他们队打得落花流水. shelter / 5FeltE(r); `FZltL/ n 1 [U] ~ (from sth) condition of being protected, kept safe, etc, eg from rain, danger, attack; refuge 遮蔽, 庇护（如避雨、脱险、免受攻击等）: seek/take shelter from the rain, eg under a tree 避雨（如在树下）* get under shelter, eg when bombs are dropping during an air-raid 隐蔽起来（如在空袭时）* They found shelter from the storm in a barn. 他们在谷仓里躲 避暴风雨. * The high fence gives/affords (us) some shelter from the wind. 这道高栅栏（给我们）挡 住了风. 2 [C] (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) (a) structure built to give protection, esp from rain, wind or attack 遮蔽物, 庇护物（尤指避雨、避风或免受攻击者）: a `bus shelter, ie one in which people wait for buses 公共汽车站的候车亭* an `air-raid shelter 防空掩蔽所. (b) building providing refuge, esp for homeless people 收容所（尤指为无家可归的人提供的）. shelter v. 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (from sb/sth) give shelter to sb/sth; protect sb/sth 给某人[某物]提 供庇护处; 保护某人[某事物]: trees that shelter a house from the wind 给房子挡风的树 * shelter (ie hide, protect) an escaped prisoner 窝藏逃犯* The wall sheltered the soldiers from gunfire. 这堵 墙挡住了攻击士兵的炮火. * He is trying to shelter his boss from criticism. 他极力为老板顶住外界 的批评. * Is our country's industry sheltered from foreign competition? 我国的工业在与外国竞争时 是否有足够保障? 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (from sth) find a place that gives shelter; take shelter 躲避; 避难: shelter under the trees 躲在树下* shelter from the rain 避雨. sheltered adj 1 (of a place) not exposed to wind, rain, etc （指地方）可避风、雨等的: find a sheltered spot for a picnic 找个有遮 蔽的地方野餐. 2 kept away from or not exposed to unhappiness or harmful influences 与不幸的或 有害的事物隔绝的; 不受坏事影响的: a sheltered childhood 未受到坏事物影响的童年时代 * He has led a sheltered life in the countryside. 他在乡村生活, 避免了很多烦恼. shelve / Felv; FZlv/ v [Tn] 1 put (books, etc) on a shelf or shelves 将（书等）放在搁架上. 2 (fig 比 喻) abandon or postpone consideration of (a plan, project, problem, etc); delay dealing with (sth) 放 弃或搁置（计画、方案、问题等）; 缓议（某事物）: The plans for a new theatre have had to be shelved because of lack of money. 兴建新剧院的计画因资金短缺只好搁置起来. shelving n. [U] (material for) shelves 搁板; 制造搁板的材料: wooden shelving 木板架. shelve / Felv; FZlv/ v [I, Ip] ~ (away/down/off) (of land) slope gradually (in the specified direction) （指陆地）呈缓坡倾斜: The river-bottom shelves here. 河底从这里呈缓坡倾斜. * The shore shelves down to the sea. 海岸向海面的倾斜角度很小. shelves pl of shelf. shemozzle / FI5mCzl; FE`mBzl/ n (usu sing 通常作单数) (infml 口) noisy disturbance; rumpus; brawl 喧嚷; 吵闹: I've never heard such a shemozzle! 我从来没听过这麽吵闹的! shenanigans / FI5nAnIgEnz; FE`nAnE-Ens/ n [pl] (infml 口) 1 mischievous or high-spirited behaviour 恶作剧; 胡闹. 2 trickery; deception 诡计; 诈骗. shepherd / 5FepEd; `FZpLd/ n person who takes care of sheep 牧羊人. shepherd v. [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] guide or direct (people) as if they were sheep 带领, 引导（人群）: A guide shepherded the tourists into the coach. 导游把游客领进旅游车里. * The children were shepherded around by two teachers. 这些小学生是由两位老师带领的. shepherdess / 9FepE5des; ?@ 5FepErdIs; `FZpLdIs/ n woman who takes care of sheep 女牧羊人. shepherd's pie (also cottage pie) dish of minced meat baked with mashed potatoes on top 羊倌肉饼（用碎肉做的饼覆以土豆泥烘烤 而成）. Sheraton / 5FerEtEn; `FZrEtn/ n [usu attrib 通常作定语] late 18th century style of English furniture 谢拉顿家具式样（英国18 世纪的家具式样）: Sheraton chairs 谢拉顿式椅子. sherbet / 5F\:bEt; `F[bIt/ [C, U] 1 refreshing drink of weak sweet fruit-juice 带甜味的果汁饮料. 2 (esp Brit) sweet fizzy drink, or the powder from which it is made 甜味汽水; 制甜味汽水的粉. 3 (US) = sorbet. sherd = shard. sheriff / 5FerIf; `FZrIf/ n 1 (often 常作High `Sheriff) chief officer of the Crown in counties and certain cities of England and Wales, with legal and ceremonial duties （英格兰和威尔士某些地区或 城市的）行政长官, 郡长. Cf 参看reeve 1. 2 chief judge of a district in Scotland （苏格兰的）司 法长官. 3 (in the US) chief officer responsible for enforcing the law in a county （美国的）县治安 官. sherry / 5FerI; `FZrI/ n (a) [U, C] type of yellow or brown fortified wine, originally from S Spain 雪 利酒（西班牙南部产的黄色或褐色加度葡萄酒）: Do you like sweet or dry sherry? 你喜欢甜的还 是不甜的雪利酒? * high-quality sherries 上等雪利酒. (b) [C] glass of this 一杯雪利酒: have a sherry before dinner 饭前喝杯雪利酒. Shetland / 5FetlEnd; `FZtlEnd/ n (also the Shetlands [pl]) group of islands off the north coast of Scotland 设得兰群岛（苏格兰北部）. Shetland pony pony of a small rough-coated breed 设得兰小型马. Shetland wool soft fine kind of wool from Shetland sheep 设得兰羊毛（质地柔软）. shew / FEU; Fo/ v (arch 古) = show2. shibboleth / 5FIbEleW; `FIbElZW/ n old slogan or principle that is no longer regarded by many as very important 陈旧的口号或原则（很多人认为已不太重要的）: elderly politicians still clinging to the outmoded shibboleths of party doctrine 仍然抱著党性教条的陈词滥调不放的年迈的政治家. shied pt, pp of shy1, shy2. shield / Fi:ld; Fild/ n 1 (a) piece of (usu metal or leather) armour formerly carried on the arm to protect the body when fighting 盾. (b) (in heraldry) drawing or model of a shield displaying a coat of arms (coat) （纹章中的）盾形纹徽, 盾形徽章. =>illus at coat of arms arms (coat) 见coat of arms (coat) 插图. (c) trophy in the form of a shield 盾形锦标: win the school boxing shield 赢得学校拳击 赛盾形锦标. 2 ~ (against sth) (fig 比喻) person or thing that protects 起保护作用的人或物: This car polish is an effective shield against rust. 这种汽车上光蜡很有防作用. 3 (in machinery, etc) plate or screen that protects the operator or the machine; thing used to keep out wind, dust, etc （机器 等的）护板, 挡风板, 防尘板: a shield around the grip of a chainsaw 链锯手柄的护套 * the `heat-shield on a space capsule 宇宙飞船密封舱的隔热屏* a welder's `eye-shield, ie to stop sparks getting into the eye 电焊工的护目罩. shield v. [Tn, Tn.pr] ~sb/sth (against/from sb/sth) protect sb/sth from harm; defend sb/sth from criticism, attack, etc 保护或庇护某人[某事物]: shield one's eyes (from the sun) with one's hand 用 手（挡住阳光）保护眼睛* The police officer shielded the child with her body. 那警察用她的身体 保护了小孩. * You can't shield this criminal from prosecution. 你不能包庇该罪犯而不起诉他. * I tried to shield him against prying journalists. 我竭力为他挡驾, 拦住那些锲而不舍的记者. shift / FIft; FIft/ v 1 (a) [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p]~ (sth/sb/oneself) (from.../to...); ~ (sth/sb/oneself) (about/around) (cause sth/sb/oneself to) change or move from one position or direction to another （使 某事物[某人/自己]）改变位置或方向: The cargo has shifted, ie has been shaken out of place by the movement of the ship. 货物移动了位置（因船颠簸）. * The wind shifted from east to north. 风由东 转向北. * The tools shift around in the car boot every time we turn a corner. 我们每次转弯, 汽车行 李箱里的工具就来回动. * The audience shifted uneasily in their seats. 观众在座位上不安地动来动 去. * (infml 口) Soap won't shift that stain, ie wash it off. 肥皂洗不掉那个污迹. * Help me to shift the sofa away from the fire. 帮我把这沙发挪得离炉火远些. * You'll have to shift yourselves to another room I want to clean in here. 你得到另一个房间去--我要打扫这里. * The teacher shifted the chairs around in the classroom. 那个教师挪动了教室里的椅子. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from A to/onto B) transfer sth 转移或转换某事物: Don't try to shift the responsibility onto others: you must do the job yourself. 别想把责任推给别人, 你得自己干这件事. * He shifted the load from his left to his right shoulder. 他把重物从左肩换到右肩. 2 [Ipr, Ip, Tn] ~ out of sth/into sth; ~ up/down (esp US) change (gear) in a vehicle 换（挡）: shift out of first into second 从一挡换到二挡* Shift up when you reach 30 mph. 车速达到每小时30 英里时要换高挡. * You have to shift down to climb steep hills. 汽车爬陡坡得换低挡. * Learn to shift gear at the right moment. 要学会掌握在什麽时 候换挡. 3 [I] (Brit infml 口) move quickly 迅速移动: You'll have to shift if you want to get there by nine o'clock. 你要想九点钟到那儿, 就得快点. * That car can really shift! 那辆汽车要是快开的 话还真够快! 4 (idm 习语) shift one's `ground take a new position or a different way of approaching a subject during an argument （辩论中）改变立场或方法. 5 (phr v) shift for oneself manage one's life without help from others 自谋生计: When their parents died, the children had to shift for themselves. 孩子们在父母死后只好自谋生路. shift-key n. key on a typewriter, etc which, when pressed, causes the machine to type capital letters （打字机等的）大小写字体转换键. shift / FIft; FIft/ n 1 ~ (in sth) change of place, nature, form, etc （位置、性质、形式等的）改变, 转变: a gradual shift of people from the country to the town 人们由乡村向市镇的逐渐转移 * shifts in public opinion 公众舆论的转变* There has been a shift in fashion from formal to more informal dress. 服装的式样已经有了转变, 以前很拘谨现在较随便. 2 (period of time worked by a) group of workers which starts work as another group finishes 轮班职工; 轮值的班（工作时间）: the `day/`night shift 日班[夜班] * work an eight-hour shift 八小时轮班工作* working in shifts 轮班 工作 * [attrib 作定语] a shift worker 轮班工作的人* shift work, pay 轮班的工作、工资. Cf 参 看relay 1. 3 trick or scheme for achieving sth or avoiding a difficulty （为获得某事物或逃避困难 的）计谋, 手段: use some dubious shifts to get money 用某种值得怀疑的手段赚钱 * As a temporary shift, he covered up the leak with a plastic bag. 作为权宜之计, 他用塑料袋把漏洞给包 上了. 4 (a) woman's straight narrow dress 狭窄的直筒式连衣裙. (b) (arch 古) woman's undergarment like a dress; chemise 连衣裙式女内衣. 5 mechanism on a typewriter, etc that allows capitals to be typed 换字键（打字机等的大小写字体转换键）: Press `Shift' and type `A'. 按｀换字 键＇然后打字母｀A＇. 6 (idm 习语) make `shift (with sth) (becoming dated 渐旧) use what is available, though it is seen as barely adequate; manage 勉强使用; 将就: We haven't really got enough food for everyone but we'll have to make shift (with what we've got). 我们的食物其实并不 够分的, 只好（用现有的东西）将就了. shiftless adj. (derog 贬) lazy and unambitious; lacking the ability to find ways of getting things done 没出息的; 无能的: a shiftless individual who never works and constantly borrows from others 从不 工作、专靠向人借钱度日的懒家伙. shiftlessness n. [U]. shifty / 5FIftI; `FIftI/ adj (-ier, -iest) untrustworthy; deceitful; seemingly dishonest 不可靠的; 诡诈的; 不诚实的: a shifty-looking person 看上去不可靠的家伙* shifty behaviour 不正直的行为 * shifty eyes, looks 诡诈的眼睛、表情. shiftily / -IlI; -IlI/ adv. shiftiness n. [U] shilling / 5FIlIN; `FIlIN/ n 1 (until 1971) British coin worth twelve old pennies; one twentieth of a pound （到1971 年止）先令（英国货币, 值旧币十二便士, 为一镑的二十分之一）. 2 basic unit of money in Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania; 100 cents 先令（肯尼亚、乌干达、坦桑尼亚的基本货 币单位, 等于 100 分）. shilly-shally / 5FIlI FAlI; `FIlI9FAlI/ v (pt, pp -shallied) [I] (infml derog 口, 贬) be unable to make up one's mind; be undecided; hesitate 犹豫不决; 踌躇; 优柔寡断: If you keep shilly-shallying like this we'll be late. 要是你老这样举棋不定, 我们就来不及了. shimmer / 5FImE(r); `FImL/ v [I] shine with a soft light that seems to waver 发闪烁的微光: moonlight shimmering on the lake 湖面上闪烁的月光* The surface of the road shimmered in the heat of the sun. 路面在烈日的热气中发出闪烁的微光. shimmer n. [U] shimmering light 微光; 闪光: the shimmer of pearls 珍珠的闪光. shin / FIn; FIn/ n front part of the leg below the knee 胫; 胫部: get kicked on the shin 小腿上被踢了 一脚. =>illus at human 见 human 插图. shin v. (-nn-) (phr v) shin up/down (sth) climb up/down (sth), using the hands and legs to grip （手脚 并用沿某物）向上[下]爬: shin up a tree 爬树* shin down a rope 沿绳索爬下来. shin-bone (also tibia) n. inner and (usu) larger of the two bones from the knee to the ankle 胫骨. shin-pad (also `shin-guard) n. pad worn to protect the shin when playing football, etc 护胫（踢足球 等用的）. shindig / 5FIndIg; `FIndI-/ n (infml 口) 1 lively and noisy party 热闹的聚会. 2 = shindy. shindy / 5FIndI; `FIndI/ (also shindig) n (usu sing 通常作单数) (infml 口) noisy disturbance; brawl 吵闹; 争吵; 打架: kick up (ie cause) a shindy 引起一场争吵* There was a dreadful shindy in the pub last night. 昨天晚上酒馆里有人大打出手. shine / FaIn; FaIn/ v (pt, pp shone / FCn; ?@ FEUn; Fon/ or, in sense 3, 用于下述第3 义时作 ~d) 1 [I, Ipr, Ip] give out or reflect light; be bright 发光; 反射光; 照耀: Clean the glasses until they shine. 把眼镜擦亮. * The moon is shining (through the window). 月光（通过窗户）照了进来. * The clouds parted and the sun shone (out). 云开了, 太阳出来了. * The hot sun shone down on the scene. 烈日 照射著这个地方. * (fig 比喻) His face shone with excitement. 他脸上焕发著兴奋的光芒. [Tn.pr, Tn.p] aim the light of (a torch, etc) in a specified direction 用（手电筒等）的光向某方向照 射: The police shone a searchlight on the house. 警察用探照灯照射这所房子. * Shine your torch into the drawer. 你用手电筒照一下这抽屉里面. * I hate lights being shone in my face. 我不喜欢灯 光正对著我的脸. 3 [Tn] (infml 口) polish (sth) 擦亮（某物）: shine shoes, brassware 擦鞋、铜 器. 4 [I, Ipr] ~ (at/in sth) excel in some way 表现突出; 出众: He's a shining (ie outstanding, excellent) example of a hard-working pupil. 他是用功的学生, 是优秀的榜样. * She does not shine in conversation, ie is not a good talker. 她不擅长谈话. * I've never shone at tennis. 我从来就打不好 网球. 5 (idm 习语) a knight in shining armour =>knight. make hay while the sun shines =>hay. rise and shine =>rise2. shine n. 1 [sing, U] brightness; polished appearance 光亮; 光泽: Give your shoes a good shine. 把你的鞋好好擦一下. * There's too much shine on the seat of these old trousers. 这条裤子臀部磨得 太亮了. 2 (idm 习语) come rain, come shine; rain or shine => rain1. take a shine to sb/sth (infml 口) suddenly begin to like sb/sth 突然间喜欢上某人[某事物]: I think that dog has taken a shine to me: it follows me everywhere. 我想这狗已经喜欢上我了, 我走到哪儿它跟到哪儿. shiner n. (dated sl 旧, 俚) black eye 黑眼圈: That's quite a shiner you've got there. 你眼睛那儿可 青了一块. shiny adj. (-ier, -iest) shining; rubbed until bright 发亮的; 磨光的: the shiny head of a bald man 秃 头男子发亮的脑袋* shiny black leather 乌黑发亮的皮革* All the cups are clean and shiny. 杯子 都很乾净明亮. shingle / 5FINgl; `FIN-l/ n [U] small rounded pebbles on the sea-shore 海滨的小圆石. shingly / 5FINglI; `FIN-lI/ adj covered with or consisting of shingle 遍布小圆石的; 由小圆石组 成的: I prefer a sandy beach to a shingly one. 我喜欢沙滩, 不喜欢遍布小圆石的海滩. shingle / 5FINgl; `FIN-l/ n 1 small, flat, square or oblong piece of wood used as a covering on roofs and walls 盖板; 屋顶板; 木瓦; 墙面板. 2 (US infml 口) small wooden signboard put up outside the office of a doctor, dentist, etc （医生等挂在办事处外面的）木质小招牌. shingle v. [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] cover (a roof, etc) with shingles 用盖板覆盖（屋顶 等）: a shingled church spire 用屋顶板覆盖的教堂尖顶. shingles / 5FINglz; `FIN-lz/ n [sing v] (also ,herpes `zoster) disease caused by a virus, with a band of painful spots on the skin, esp around the waist 带状疱疹（尤多生于腰部）. ship / FIp; FIp/ n 1 large vessel carrying people or goods by sea 船; 舰: a `sailing-ship 帆船 * a `merchant ship 商船 * a `warship 战舰* the ship's company, ie the entire crew 全体船员 * board a ship for India 登上去印度的船. 2 (infml 口) (a) spacecraft 宇宙飞船; 太空船: aboard an alien ship 在外星飞船上. (b) (US) aircraft 飞行器. 3 (idm 习语) jump ship =>jump2. (like) ,ships that ,pass in the `night people who meet each other briefly and usu only once 短暂相遇的人（通常指 只遇此一次）. when one's `ship comes home/in when one has become successful 等自己成功时: I'll buy a house in the country when my ship comes in. 等我有钱时, 我要在乡间买一所房子. ship biscuit (also ship's `biscuit) hard coarse biscuit used formerly as food during long voyages 硬饼乾（旧时远航备用的）: a diet of ship biscuit 以硬饼乾作固定食物. shipboard adj. [attrib 作定语] used or occurring on a ship 在船上的; 在船上使用的; 在船上发生 的: a shipboard romance 船上的艳情. n (idm 习语) on shipboard on a ship; on board ship 在船上. shipbuilding n. [U] building ships 造船业; 造船术: [attrib 作定语] a shipbuilding company, yard 造船公司、造船厂. shipbuilder n. ship-canal n. canal that is wide and deep enough for seagoing vessels （可供海船通行的）运河. shipload n. as much cargo or as many passengers as a ship can carry 船载量: set sail with a shipload of grain 载著一船谷物起航. shipmate n. person travelling or working on the same ship as another 同船旅客; 同船船员: He and I were shipmates on a trawler once. 我与他一度同在一艘拖网船上工作. shipowner n. person who owns a ship or ships, or has shares in a shipping company 船主; 船股东. ship's chandler person who deals in supplies and equipment for ships 船具商. shipwreck n. (a) [U] loss or destruction of a ship at sea by storm, collision, etc 海难: suffer shipwreck 遭遇海难. (b) [C] instance of this 海难: He died in a shipwreck off the south coast. 他在 南部海岸一带的海难中死亡. v [Tn usu passive 通常用于被动语态] cause (sb) to suffer shipwreck 使（某人）遭遇海难: shipwrecked sailors 遭海难的水手* We were shipwrecked on a deserted island. 我们遭遇海难而困在荒岛上. shipwright n. person employed in building or repairing ships 造船工; 修船工. shipyard n. place where ships are built or repaired 造船厂. ship / FIp; FIp/ v (-pp-) 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] send or transport (sth/sb), esp in a ship 运送（某人[某 物]）（尤指用船）: Are the goods to be flown or shipped? 这些货物是空运还是海运? * We ship grain to Africa. 我们把谷物运往非洲. * Fresh supplies were shipped (out) by lorry. 新到的货已由卡车运 出. 2 [Tn] take (oars) out of the water into the boat 将（船桨）收进船内: We shipped (the) oars and moored alongside the bank. 我们收起桨, 把船泊在岸边. 3 [Tn] (of a boat) take in (water) over the side, eg in a storm （指船）舷侧进（水）（如在风暴中）: The waves were very high, and the boat began to ship water. 浪很大, 船舷开始进水. 4 [I] become a member of a ship's crew 当船员: ship (ie take a post) as a steward on an Atlantic liner 在航行大西洋的班轮上当乘务员. 5 (phr v) ship sb/sth off (infml 口) send sb/sth away 将某人[某物]送走: The children had been shipped off to boarding-school at an early age. 孩子们很小就送进了寄宿学校. shipment / 5FIpmEnt; `FIpmEnt/ n 1 [U] placing of goods on a ship; transport of goods by any means 装船; 装运: immediate shipment of the cargo 货物立即装运* safe shipment by air 安全空 运. 2 [C] items shipped; consignment 装载的货物; 运输的货物: a shipment of grain for West Africa 运往西非的一批谷物. shipper n. person who arranges for goods to be shipped 托运人; 发货人. shipping n. [U] 1 ships, esp those of a country or port 船舶（尤指一国或一海港的）: The canal is now open to shipping. 该运河现已通航. * [attrib 作定语] a shipping office 海运事务所 * busy shipping lanes 繁忙的海上航道* the shipping forecast, ie a report on the weather conditions at sea 海洋气象预报. 2 transporting goods by ship 船运; 海运: the shipping of oil from the Middle East 从中东经水路运送石油. `shipping-agent n shipowner's representative at a port 船舶业务代理人. -ship suff 后缀(with ns forming ns 与名词结合构成名词) 1 state of being; status; office 状态; 地位; 身分; 职位: friendship * ownership * professorship. 2 proficiency as; skill 技能; 技巧: musicianship * scholarship. Cf 参看 -manship (man1). shipshape / 5FIpFeIp; `FIp9Fep/ adj [usu pred 通常作表语] in good order; tidy 有秩序; 整齐: get the room all nice and shipshape 把房间收拾得井井有条. shire / 5FaIE(r); FaIr or, in compounds, 在复合词中读作-FE(r); -FL/ n 1 [C] (arch 古) county (now chiefly usedin the names of certain counties, eg Hampshire, Yorkshire) 郡（现主要用于地名, 如 Hampshire, Yorkshire）. 2 the shires [pl] certain midland counties of England and parts of these well known for fox-hunting 英格兰中部几个郡（其中有些以猎狐区著名）. shire-horse n. large powerful breed of horse used for pulling carts and wagons 英格兰中部的大挽 马. shirk / F\:k; F[k/ v [I, Tn, Tg] (derog 贬) avoid doing (work, one's duty, etc) through laziness, cowardice, etc （因偷懒、胆怯等）逃避（工作、责任等）: You're supposed to tidy up, so stop shirking and do it! 要你来整理就别躲著了, 干吧! * He always shirks the unpleasant tasks. 他总是逃避那 些厌恶性工作. * She is shirking going to the dentist. 她躲著不愿意去治牙. shirker n. shirt / F\:t; F[t/ n 1 loose-fitting garment (usu worn by men) for the upper part of the body, made of cotton, linen, silk, etc, with long or short sleeves 衬衫, 衬衣（通常指男用的）: a `sports shirt, ie one with short sleeves for casual wear 短袖衬衫 * a `dress shirt, ie a formal one worn with a dinner-jacket, etc 礼服衬衫. =>illus at jacket 见jacket 插图. 2 (idm 习语) keep one's `shirt on (infml 口) (usu imperative 通常用于祈使句) not lose one's temper 不生气; 不发脾气: Keep your shirt on! Nobody meant to offend you. 别发火! 没人想惹你. lose one's shirt =>lose. put one's shirt on sth (sl 俚) bet all one's money on (a horse, etc) 将全部钱财作赌注压在（马、狗等上）; 孤注 一掷: He has put his shirt on his team winning the trophy. 他孤注一掷, 赌自己的队一定能赢得锦 标. a stuffed shirt =>stuff2. shirting n. [U] material for making shirts 做衬衫用的料子. shirt-front n. front part of a shirt, esp the stiffened and starched front part of a formal white shirt 衬 衫的胸部（尤指礼服白衬衫浆硬的部分）. shirt-sleeve n. sleeve of a shirt 衬衫的袖子: in one's shirt-sleeves, ie not wearing a jacket over one's shirt 穿著衬衫（未穿外衣）. shirt-tail n. part of a shirt that extends below the waist 衬衫的下摆. shirtwaist n. (US) woman's dress that buttons down the front to the waist 衬衫式连衣裙（胸部有扣 至腰部的）. shirt / F\:t; F[t/ n 1 loose-fitting garment (usu worn by men) for the upper part of the body, made of cotton, linen, silk, etc, with long or short sleeves 衬衫, 衬衣（通常指男用的）: a `sports shirt, ie one with short sleeves for casual wear 短袖衬衫 * a `dress shirt, ie a formal one worn with a dinner-jacket, etc 礼服衬衫. =>illus at jacket 见jacket 插图. 2 (idm 习语) keep one's `shirt on (infml 口) (usu imperative 通常用于祈使句) not lose one's temper 不生气; 不发脾气: Keep your shirt on! Nobody meant to offend you. 别发火! 没人想惹你. lose one's shirt =>lose. put one's shirt on sth (sl 俚) bet all one's money on (a horse, etc) 将全部钱财作赌注压在（马、狗等上）; 孤注 一掷: He has put his shirt on his team winning the trophy. 他孤注一掷, 赌自己的队一定能赢得锦 标. a stuffed shirt =>stuff2. shirting n. [U] material for making shirts 做衬衫用的料子. shirt-front n. front part of a shirt, esp the stiffened and starched front part of a formal white shirt 衬 衫的胸部（尤指礼服白衬衫浆硬的部分）. shirt-sleeve n. sleeve of a shirt 衬衫的袖子: in one's shirt-sleeves, ie not wearing a jacket over one's shirt 穿著衬衫（未穿外衣）. shirt-tail n. part of a shirt that extends below the waist 衬衫的下摆 shirtwaist n. (US) woman's dress that buttons down the front to the waist 衬衫式连衣裙（胸部有扣 至腰部的）. shirty / 5F\:tI; `F[tI/ adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) annoyed; angry; bad-tempered 发怒的; 生气的; 脾气 坏的: Don't get shirty with me! 别冲著我发脾气! shirtily adv. shirtiness n. [U]. shish kebab / 9FIF kI5bAb; ?@ 5FIF kEbAb; `FIF kE9bBb/ = kebab. shit / FIt; FIt/ n ( sl 讳, 俚) 1 [U] waste matter from the bowels; excrement 粪便; 屎: a pile of dog shit on the pavement 便道上的一堆狗屎. 2 [sing] act of emptying the bowels 拉屎: have/need a shit 拉[要拉]屎. 3 [U] stupid remarks or writing; nonsense 胡说; 胡言; 废话: You do talk a load of shit! 你胡说八道! 4 [C] (derog 贬) contemptible person 讨厌的家伙; 可鄙的人: That little shit stole my money. 那个小混蛋把我的钱偷走了. 5 (idm 习语) in the `shit in trouble 遇到麻烦 事. not give a `shit (about sb/sth) not care at all 毫不关心: He doesn't give a shit about anybody else. 他对别人漠不关心. scare the shit out of sb =>scare. shit v. (-tt-; pt, pp shitted or shat / FAt; FAt/) ( sl 讳, 俚) 1 [I, Tn] empty (solid waste) from the bowels 拉（屎）. 2 [Tn] `~ oneself (a) soil oneself by emptying solid waste from the bowels accidentally 突然拉出屎来把自己弄脏. (b) be very frightened 极害怕. shit interj ( sl 讳, 俚) (used to express annoyance 用以表示恼怒): Shit! I've missed the train! 妈的! 我没赶上火车! shit interj ( sl 讳, 俚) (used to express annoyance 用以表示恼怒): Shit! I've missed the train! 妈的! 我没赶上火车! shitty / 5FItI; `FItI/ adj (-ier, -iest) ( sl 讳, 俚esp Brit)1 nasty; disgusting 令人厌恶的; 令人作 呕的; 讨厌的: I'm not going to eat this shitty food. 我可不吃这种恶心东西. 2 contemptible; mean; unworthy 卑鄙的; 无耻的; 无足取的: What a shitty way to treat a friend! 这样对待一个朋友, 真 不像话! shiver / 5FIvE(r); `FIvL/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) tremble, esp from cold or fear 颤抖（尤指因寒冷或恐 惧）; 哆嗦: She shivered at the thought of going into the dark house alone. 她想到要独自走进那所 黑洞洞的房子里去就不寒而粟. * shivering all over with cold 冷得浑身发抖. shiver n. 1 [C] act of shivering 颤抖; 哆嗦: The gruesome sight sent a shiver down my spine. 那 可怕情景使我的背脊发凉. 2 the shivers [pl] fit of trembling, resulting from fever or fear （因高烧 或恐惧而引起的）颤抖, 战栗: lying in bed with a bout of the shivers 躺在床上浑身打战 * Having to make a speech always gives me the shivers. 一让我演讲我就吓得直哆嗦. shivery / 5FIvErI; `FIvErI/ adj tending to shiver; having or causing a feeling of cold, horror, fear, etc 令人颤抖的; 令人毛骨悚然的: feel shivery in the damp atmosphere 在潮湿的空气中感到毛骨悚 然* a cold, shivery breeze 凛冽的寒风. shiver / 5FIvE(r); `FIvL/ n (usu pl 通常作复数) any of the many small fragments of sth, esp of glass, that has been broken 碎片（尤指玻璃的）: break sth into shivers 把某物打碎* cut one's foot on a small shiver of glass 玻璃碎片把脚划破了. shiver v. [I, Tn] (cause sth to) break into shivers; shatter （使某物）裂成碎片; 打碎. shoal / FEUl; Fol/ n great number of fish swimming together 鱼群: a shoal of herring, cod, etc 一群 鲱鱼、鳕鱼等* swimming in shoals （鱼）成群地游著 * (fig 比喻) Shoals of tourists come here in the summer. 这里夏季游人如鲫. shoal v. [I] (of fish) form a shoal or shoals （指鱼）成群. shock / FCk; FBk/ n 1 [C] violent blow or shake, caused eg by a collision or an explosion 强烈的 冲击或震动（如因碰撞或爆炸造成的）: earthquake shocks 地震* The shock of the blast shattered many windows. 许多窗户在爆炸中震碎了. * I felt the shock as the aircraft hit the ground. 飞机著 陆时我感觉到震了一下. 2 [C] = electric shock (electric): If you touch this live wire, you'll get a shock. 摸这条带电的导线, 就会触电. 3 [C] sudden violent disturbance of the mind or emotions caused eg by bad news, a frightening event, etc 震惊; 震骇; 惊愕: The news of his mother's death was a terrible shock to him. 他母亲去世的噩耗使他非常震惊. * The result of the election came as a shock to us all, ie None of us expected it. 选举的结果令我们惊愕. * It gave me quite a shock to be told I was seriously ill. 听说我的病很严重, 我吃了一惊. 4 [U] state of extreme weakness caused by physical injury, pain, fright, etc 休克: be in/go into shock 处于休克状态* suffering from shock 已休克* What is the correct medical treatment for shock? 在医学上怎样处理休克才对? * She died of shock following an operation on her brain. 她作脑科手术后因休克死亡. shock absorber device fitted to a motor vehicle to absorb vibration caused by the unevenness of the road surface, etc （汽车的）减震器. =>illus at App 1 见附录 1 插图, page xii. shock-proof adj. (esp of a watch) designed to resist damage when knocked, dropped, etc （尤指手 表）防震的. shock tactics sudden, violent or outrageous action taken to achieve a purpose 为达到某目的而采取的突然的、激 烈的或不道德的行动; 出奇制胜战术: The group used shock tactics to get publicity: one of them took his clothes off on TV. 这伙人为了扬名做出了惊人的举动, 其中一人在电视上当众脱下了衣 服. shock therapy (also `shock treatment) way of treating mental illness by giving electric shocks or a drug having a similar effect 电震疗法; 休克疗法. shock-troops n. [pl] troops specially trained for violent assaults 突击队; 奇袭队. shock wave moving region of very high air pressure caused by an explosion or an aircraft moving faster than sound 激震波, 冲击波, 激波（由爆炸或超音速飞机引起的）: (fig 比喻) As soon as news of the tragedy was announced, shock waves spread rapidly to all parts of the country. 这可悲的消息一发表, 震憾人心的冲击波迅速传遍全国各地. shock / FCk; FBk/ n (usu 通常作shock of hair) rough untidy mass of hair on the head 蓬乱的头发. shock-headed adj. (dated 旧) having such hair 头发蓬乱的. shock / FCk; FBk/ v [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] cause a shock1(3) to (sb); cause (sb) to feel disgust, indignation, horror, etc 使（某人）震惊; 使（某人）感到厌恶、愤怒、恐惧等: I was shocked at the news of her death. 我听到她去世的消息十分震惊. * He was shocked to hear his child swearing. 他听见他孩子骂人非常生气. * I'm not easily shocked, but that book really is obscene. 我 并不是大惊小怪的人, 但那本书淫秽之甚确实让我大吃一惊. shocker n. 1 person who shocks 引起震惊、厌恶、愤怒的人. 2 (infml 口) (a) thing that shocks, eg a sensational novel 引起震惊、厌恶、愤怒等的事物（如摄人心魄的小说）: Some of these horror stories are real shockers. 这些恐怖小说有的十分吓人. (b) very bad example of sth 极 坏的典型: You've written bad essays before, but this one is a shocker! 你以前也写过差劲的文章, 但这篇可糟透了! shocking adj. 1 causing indignation, disgust, etc; very bad or wrong 令人气愤的; 令人厌恶的; 极坏的; 非常错误的: shocking behaviour, words, insults 恶劣的行为、恶毒的言语、极大的侮辱 * What she did was so shocking that I can hardly describe it. 她的行为太过分了, 我简直无法形容. 2 causing a shock1(3) 令人震惊的: shocking news, eg of an accident in which many died 令人震惊 的消息. 3 (infml 口) very bad 很糟的: shocking luck, weather, handwriting, work 很糟的运气、 天气、笔迹、作品* The food here is shocking. 这儿的食物糟透了. shockingly adv 1 badly 糟糕地: You're playing shockingly. 你演奏得很糟糕. 2 (infml 口) extremely 极; 非常: a shockingly expensive dress 特贵的连衣裙. shod pt, pp of shoe v. shoddy / 5FCdI; `FBdI/ adj (-ier, -iest) of poor quality or badly made 劣质的; 粗制滥造的: shoddy goods, clothes, etc 劣质的货物、服装等* shoddy workmanship 劣等工艺. shoddily adv: shoddily made 做得很糟. shoddiness n. [U]. shoddy / 5FCdI; `FBdI/ n [U] (poor-quality cloth made from) fibre obtained from old cloth 再生布; 长弹毛（织物）; 软再生毛（织物）. shoe / Fu:; Fu/ n 1 outer covering for a person's foot, usu with a stiff sole and not reaching above the ankle 鞋: a pair of shoes 一双鞋* walking shoes 轻便鞋 * tennis shoes 网球鞋* put on/take off one's shoes 穿[脱]鞋 * [attrib 作定语] a shoe brush, shop 鞋刷、鞋店* shoe polish, leather 鞋 油、制鞋用的皮革. Cf 参看boot1 1, sandal. 2 = horseshoe (horse): cast/throw a shoe, ie lose one 掉了一块马蹄铁. 3 part of a brake that presses against the wheel or its drum (on a bicycle, in a motor vehicle, etc) （自行车、汽车等的）煞车瓦, 闸瓦. 4 any object like a shoe in appearance or use 在外观或用途上似鞋之物. 5 (idm 习语) be in/put oneself in sb's shoes be in/imagine oneself to be in sb else's position （设想）处于某人的地位或处境: I wouldn't like to be in your shoes if they find out what you're doing. 要是人家发现你现在干的这件事, 我可不愿设想你得有多倒霉. dead men's shoes =>dead. fill sb's shoes =>fill1. shake in one's shoes =>shake1. step into sb's shoes =>step1. shoe v. (pt, pp shod / FCd; FBd/) [Tn] fit (a horse) with a shoe or shoes 给（马）钉马蹄铁: a blacksmith shoeing a pony 给小马钉马蹄铁的铁匠. shod adj. [attrib 作定语] (of a person) wearing shoes of a specified type or quality （指人）穿著某 种（式样或质量）鞋的: shod in leather 穿著皮鞋* well shod for wet weather 穿好了雨鞋以防下 雨 * (fig 比喻) an iron-shod stick, ie one with an iron tip 包有铁头的手杖. shoehorn n. device with a curved blade used to help the heel slide easily into a shoe 鞋拔子. shoe-lace n. cord fastened to the edges of a shoe's uppers to hold it tightly on the foot 鞋带. shoemaker n. [C] shoemaking n. [U] (person whose trade is) making or repairing boots and shoes 鞋匠; 制鞋; 补鞋; 制鞋业. shoeshine n. (esp US) person whose job is polishing other people's shoes 以擦皮鞋为业的人: [attrib 作定语] a shoeshine boy 擦鞋男童. shoe-string n. 1 (esp US) shoe-lace 鞋带. 2 (idm 习语) on a `shoe-string using very little money 以极少的钱: living on a shoe-string 过著极节俭的生活. shoe-tree n. shaped piece of wood, plastic or metal placed inside a shoe so that it keeps its shape 鞋 楦. shone pt, pp of shine shoo / Fu:; Fu/ interj (said to make animals or people, esp children, go away 为将动物或人, 尤指儿 童, 赶走时发出的声音): Shoo, all of you, I'm busy. 嘘, 都走开, 我正忙著呢. shoo v. (pt, pp shooed) (phr v) shoo sb/sth away, off, out, etc make sb/sth go away, etc, by saying `shoo' 发嘘声将某人[某物]赶走: shooing the chickens away/into the barn 发出嘘声把鸡轰走[进饲 养棚] * He shooed the little children out of the shop. 他发出嘘声把小孩儿都赶出了商店. shoo-in / 5Fu:In; `Fu9In/ n (US infml 口) person, team, etc that is thought certain to win 被认为肯定 可以取胜的人、队等. shook pt of shake1. shoot / Fu:t; Fut/ v (pt, pp shot / FCt; FBt/) 1 (a) [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (at sb/sth); ~ sth (from sth); ~ sth (off) fire (a gun or some other weapon); fire (a bullet, an arrow, etc) at sb/sth 开（枪 或其他武器）; 向某人[某物]发射（子弹、箭等）: Aim carefully before shooting. 仔细瞄准后再 射击. * Don't shoot I surrender. 别开枪--我投降. * What are you shooting (your gun) at? 你（用 枪）射击什麽呢? * He shot an arrow from his bow. 他拉弓放了一箭. * The police only rarely shoot to kill, ie try to kill the people they shoot at. 警察开枪很少打死人. * The missiles were shot at the aircraft from a ship. 从军舰上向飞机发射导弹. * He shot (off) several bullets before hitting the target. 他射出好几发子弹才击中目标. (b) [I] use a gun, etc; hunt with a gun, etc 使用枪等; 用枪 等打猎: Can you shoot (well)? 你会放枪吗（你枪打得准吗）? * learn to shoot straight 练习枪法 * I need more practice at shooting. 我需要多练习射击. * He enjoys riding, fishing and shooting, ie as sport. 他喜欢骑马、钓鱼和射击. (c) [Tn, Cn.a] kill or wound (sb/sth) with a bullet, an arrow, etc （用子弹、箭等）击毙或射伤（某人[某物]）: She went out shooting rabbits. 她打兔子去了. * The soldier was shot (ie executed by shooting) for desertion. 那士兵因开小差儿而被处死. * She was shot in the leg. 她腿上中了一枪. * The hunter shot the stag dead. 猎人把雄鹿射死了. (d) [I] (of a gun, bow, etc) fire bullets, arrows, etc （指枪、弓等）发射子弹、箭等: This is just a toy gun: it doesn't shoot. 这只是玩具枪, 不能发射子弹. * Get a rifle that shoots straight. 找一杆射得准的步 枪来. (e) [Tn.pr] make (sth) by shooting 由射击造成（某现象）: The gun/gunman shot a hole in the door. 这枪[持枪歹徒]在门上射出一个洞. 2 [Tn] go over (an area) shooting game animals 去（某 地）打猎: shoot a covert, an estate, etc 去丛林、庄园等打猎. =>Usage at hunt1 用法见hunt1. 3 (a) [Ipr, Ip, Tn.pr, Tn.p] (cause sth to) move suddenly or quickly in the specified direction （使某物）沿 某方向突然或迅速运动: The sports car shot past us. 赛车从我们前面飞驰而过. * A meteor shot across the sky. 流星划过天空. * He shot out of the door after her. 他冲出门去追赶她. * The runner shot ahead (of the rest). 那个赛跑的人向前飞奔而去（把其他人抛在后面）. * Flames were shooting (up) from the burning house. 从燃烧著的房子里喷射出火舌. * The snake's tongue shot out. 蛇飞快 地吐出芯子. * The driver was shot out of the open car as it crashed. 那辆敞篷汽车撞车时把司机抛 出车外. =>Usage at whiz 用法见whiz. (b) [I, Ipr] ~ (down, up, etc sth) (of pain) move suddenly and quickly with a stabbing sensation （指疼痛）刺痛, 剧痛: a shooting pain in my back 我背部的刺痛 感* The pain shot up her arm. 她手臂一阵剧痛. (c) [no passive 不用于被动语态: Tn.pr, Dn.n] ~ sth at sb direct sth at sb suddenly or quickly 突然或迅速向某人抛出某物: journalists shooting questions at the minister 向部长发出连珠炮般问题的记者* She shot an angry glance at him/shot him an angry glance. 她愤怒地扫了他一眼. 4 [I] (of plants and bushes) put forth new twigs or branches from a stem; sprout （指花草或灌木）发芽, 生枝: Rose bushes shoot again after being cut back. 玫瑰丛修剪后还能再长出新枝. 5 [I, Tn, Tng no passive 不用于被动语态] (esp cinema 尤 用于电影) photograph (an object, a scene, etc) 拍摄（物、景等）: Cameras ready? OK, shoot! 摄 影机准备好了吗? 好, 开拍! * We're ready to shoot (the ballroom sequence). 我们已经准备好拍摄 （舞厅的连续镜头）. * The film was shot in black and white. 这部电影拍成了黑白片. * shoot a woman riding a horse 拍摄一个骑著马的女子. 6 [Tn] (of a boat or a person in a boat) move quickly through, past, etc (sth) （指船或船中人）迅速穿过（某物）: shooting the rapids 迅速穿过 激流* shoot the bridge, ie pass quickly underneath it 迅速从桥下穿过. 7 [Tn] push (the bolt of a door) into or out of its slot 插上或打开（门闩）. 8 [Tn] (infml 口) (in golf) achieve (a specified number of strokes) in a game （高尔夫球）击出（杆数）: shot a 75 in the first round 第一场击出 75 捍. 9 [Tn] (esp US) play (certain games) 玩（某些游戏）: shoot craps/pool/dice 玩双色子[台球 /掷色子]游戏. 10 (a) [I, Ipr] ~ (at sth) (in football, hockey, etc) try to kick, hit, etc the ball directly into the goal （足球、曲棍球等中）射门: She's looking for an opportunity to shoot (at goal). 她正 在寻找机会射门. (b) [Tn no passive 不用于被动语态] score (a goal) 射中（一球）得分: He shot a goal from twenty yards out. 他从二十码外射门得分. 11 [I] (US infml 口) (only imperative 只用 于祈使句) say what one has to say 说出（要说的话）: You want to tell me something? Well, shoot! 你有事告诉我吗? 那好, 说吧! 12 [Tn no passive 不用于被动语态] (sl 俚) inject (a drug) into one's bloodstream 注射（毒品）: shoot heroin 注射海洛因. 13 (idm 习语) be/get shot of sth/sb (infml 口) be/get rid of sth/sb 摆脱某事物[某人]. shoot one's `bolt (infml 口) make one's final effort, so that there is nothing further one can do to achieve one's aim 竭尽全力. shoot the `breeze (US infml 口) talk casually; gossip 聊天; 闲聊: We sat around in the bar, shooting the breeze. 我们坐在酒吧里 谈天说地. shoot it out (with sb) (infml 口) settle a contest, dispute, etc, using guns 用枪来解决竞 争、争端等: (fig 比喻) rival politicians shooting it out in a television debate 在电视辩论中决一雌 雄的政界敌手. shoot a `line (infml 口) exaggerate; tell lies 夸张; 说谎: She said she was an expert skier but I think she was just shooting a line. 她说自己是滑雪行家, 但我认为她说大话. shoot one's `mouth off (about sth) (infml 口) (a) exaggerate; boast 夸张; 吹牛: He's always shooting his mouth off about his success with women. 他总是瞎吹他如何能赢得女子芳心. (b) talk indiscreetly 轻率地 谈话: It's a secret, so don't go shooting your mouth off about it. 这是秘密, 别随便乱说. shoot pool (US) play pool2(4) 打台球. shoot one's way in/into sth; shoot one's way out/out of sth get into/out of sth by shooting 开枪杀进[杀出]某处: The gangster stole a gun and shot his way out of prison. 歹徒 偷到一枝枪一路杀出监狱. shoot the `works (US infml 口) gamble or use up all one's money, resources, effort, etc 孤注一掷; 竭尽钱财; 不遗余力. 14 (phr v) shoot sb down kill sb, esp cruelly, by shooting 击毙某人; （尤指）残酷枪杀某人: His victims were all shot down in cold blood. 他杀 害的那些人都是遭他疯狂枪杀的. shoot sth/sb down cause (an aircraft or its pilot) to fall to the ground by shooting eg a missile 击落（飞机或其驾驶员）（如用导弹）: ships shooting down fighter planes 把战斗机击落的舰艇 * (fig 比喻) His latest theories have been shot down in flames by the experts. 他的最新理论遭专家们批驳得一无是处. shoot sth off (a) sever sth by shooting it with a gun, etc （用枪等）射断（某物）: His arm was shot off in the war. 他的手臂在战争中打断了. (b) shoot (a gun, fireworks, etc) into the air 朝天放（枪、焰火等）: People were shooting off pistols in the streets to celebrate the victory. 人们在街上朝天鸣枪庆祝胜利. shoot sth up terrorize (a place) by going through it firing guns 在（某地）胡乱放枪制造恐怖: The gangsters ran into the bar and started shooting it up. 歹徒们冲进酒吧胡乱扫射一通. shooting-brake n. (Brit dated 旧) = estate car (estate). shooting-gallery n. building or room where people practise shooting rifles, etc at targets 室内射击 场; 打靶场. shooting match ( idm 习语) the whole shooting match => whole shooting star (also falling star) small meteor that burns up as it enters the earth's atmosphere, appearing as a bright streak in the sky 流星. shooting-stick n. stick with a spiked end (to be stuck into the ground) and a handle which unfolds to form a small seat 摺叠座手杖（可插在地上, 上端可打开成为坐凳）. shoot-out n. battle fought with guns 相互开枪; 枪战: The robbery led to a shoot-out between the robbers and the police. 这次打劫酿成一场警匪枪战. shoot / Fu:t; Fut/ n 1 new young growth on a plant or bush, eg a bud （花草或灌木的）嫩芽, 幼苗, 新枝: train the new shoots of a vine 修整藤蔓的新枝. 2 (Brit) (a) (expedition made by a) group of people shooting game animals for sport 狩猎队; 狩猎: members of a grouse shoot 狩猎松鸡的队员. (b) area of land over which game animals are shot in this way 狩猎场. 3 (idm 习语) the whole (bang) `shoot (infml 口) everything 一切; 全体. -shooter ( in compound ns 用以构成复合名词) 1 person who shoots 射手: a `sharpshooter 神枪手. 2 thing that shoots 发射装置: a `pea-shooter 豆子枪* a `six-shooter 装六发子弹的手枪. shop / FCp; FBp/ n 1 (US store) building or room where goods or services are sold to the public 商 店; 店: a butcher's, chemist's, etc shop 肉店、药房 * a sweet-shop 糖果店* a bookshop 书店 * serve in a shop 当店员. 2 (also `workshop) (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) place where things are manufactured or repaired 工厂; 车间: an engineering shop 机械加工车间 * a machine shop 机械工厂* a paint shop, eg where cars are painted 油漆车间（如汽车喷漆车间）. 3 (infml 口) place of business; institution; establishment 办事处; （工商业）机构; 企业: I want this shop to run as smoothly as possible. 我想让这个机构办得尽可能顺利. 4 (idm 习语) all `over the shop (sl 俚) (a) in great disorder; scattered everywhere 纷乱; 零乱: His clothes lay all over the shop. 他衣服 扔得到处都是. (b) everywhere 各处: I've looked for it all over the shop. 我到处都找过了. a bull in a china shop => bull1. come/go to the wrong shop => wrong. keep `shop look after a shop, serve customers, etc 照管商店; 接待顾客等: Will you keep shop while I go out for lunch? 我去吃午饭, 你照看一下商店好吗? set up `shop start a business 开店; 开业: She set up shop as a bookseller in the High Street. 她在大街开了一家书店. shut up shop => shut. talk shop =>talk2. shop v. (-pp-) 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (for sth) (usu 通常作go shopping) go to a shop or shops to buy things 去买东西; 购物: go shopping every day 每天去店买东西* I'm shopping for Christmas presents. 我正在买圣诞礼物. 2 [Tn] (US) visit (a shop) to buy things 去（商店）买东西: shopping the stores looking for bargains 逛商店找便宜货. 3 [Tn] (Brit sl 俚) give information about (sb), esp to the police 告发（某人）（尤指向警方）: The gang leader was shopped by one of the robbers. 有个劫匪 向警方告发了匪首. 4 (phr v) shop around (for sth) (infml 口) search carefully for goods that are the best value, or for the best services, etc 仔细寻找（物美价廉的东西或最佳服务项目等）: Don't buy the first car you see: shop around a bit. 买汽车时别见到一辆就买, 多转几家挑一挑. * People must shop around for the best school for their children. 人们都要为子女找最好的学校. shopper n person who is shopping 到商店买东西的人: crowds of Christmas shoppers 成群的购买圣诞节物品 的人. shopping n [U] 1 activity of shopping 买东西; 购物: do one's shopping 去买东西. * [attrib 作定语] a `shopping street, ie one with many shops 商业街* a `shopping bag, basket, etc 购物袋、 篮等. 2 goods bought 买到的东西: Where did I leave my shopping? 我把买到的东西忘在哪儿了? ` shopping centre area where there are many shops 购物中心; 商业区. `shopping mall (US) area, closed to traffic and usu covered, where there are many shops （禁行车辆的）商业网点（通常有篷 顶）. shop-assistant (US salesclerk) n. person who serves customers in a shop 店员; 售货员. shop-floor n. [sing] 1 area in a factory where goods are made （工厂里的）生产区: working on the shop-floor 在工厂的生产区工作 * [attrib 作定语] a shop-floor worker 工厂里生产区的工人. workers in a factory (contrasted with the management) 工厂的劳方（相对于资方）: How does the shop-floor feel about these changes? 劳方对这些改革有何想法? shopkeeper (US `storekeeper) n. person who owns or manages a shop, usu a small one 店主, 零售 商（通常指小店的）. shoplift v. [I] steal goods from a shop while pretending to be a customer 入店行窃, 高买（假装买 东西趁机行窃）: started to shoplift as a fifteen-year-old 十五岁就开始到商店里偷东西. shoplifter n. shoplifting n. [U]: arrested for shoplifting 　因在商店偷东西被捕. shop-soiled adj. dirty or faded from being on display in a shop 在店中摆脏的或摆旧的: a sale of shop-soiled goods at half price 店里脏旧货的半价出售. shop-steward n. trade union official elected by his fellow-workers as their spokesman （同厂工人选 出的）工会发言人. shore / FR:(r); FRr/ n [C, U] land along the edge of the sea or of any large body of water （海或湖等 大水域的）岸, 滨: a house on the shore(s) of Lake Geneva 日内瓦湖畔的房子* swim from the ship to the shore 由船边游到岸边* go on shore, eg of sailors from a ship 上岸（如海员离船登岸） * This island is two miles off shore. 这个岛离岸两英里. =>illus at coast 见 coast 插图. =>Usage at coast1 用法见 coast1. shore / FR:(r); FRr/ v (phr v) shore sth up support sth with a wooden beam, etc propped against it （以 支柱等）支撑: shore up the side of an old house to stop it falling down 支撑旧屋墙壁以防倒?* (fig 比喻) She used this evidence to shore up her argument. 她用该证据来支持自己的论点. shore n. wooden beam, etc used to support sth 支柱; 撑柱. shorn pp of shear. short / FR:t; FRrt/ adj (-er, -est) 1 (a) measuring little from one end to the other （长度方面）短的: a short stick, line, dress, journey 短棒、短线、短连衣裙、短途旅行* short grass, fur 短的草、毛 皮* a short distance between the two houses 两所房子间的短距离* You've cut my hair very short. 你把我的头发剪得太短了. * She walked with short quick steps. 她以小而快的步子走路. * The coat is rather short in the sleeves. 这件大衣的袖子有点短. Cf 参看long1 1. (b) below the average height 矮的; 低的: a short person 身材矮的人* short in stature 身材矮小* too short to become a police officer 因身材矮而不能当警察. Cf 参看tall. (c) not lasting long; brief （时间方面）短的, 短暂的; 简短的: a short holiday, speech, film, ceremony 短暂的假期、简短的发言、短片、简 短的仪式* have a short memory, ie remember only things that have happened recently 短暂的记忆 （只能记住最近发生的事）* The days get shorter as winterapproaches. 冬天来临, 滋煸嚼丛蕉 塘? Cf 参看long1 1.2 ~ (of sth) not reaching the usual standard or required weight, length, quantity, etc （在重量、长度、数量等方面）未达到通常标准的, 短缺的: Water is short at this time of year. 每年这个时候缺水. * The shopkeeper gave us short weight: we got 7.5 kilos instead of 10 kilos. 店 主给我们的分量不足: 应该10 公斤我们只得到7.5 公斤. * The soldiers complained that they were getting short rations. 士兵们抱怨他们得到的配给不够数. * These goods are in short supply, ie There are not enough to satisfy the demand for them. 这些货物短缺（供不应求）. * This packet is supposed to contain ten screws, but it's two short. 这包应装有十个螺丝钉, 可是短了两个. * The missile landed ten miles short (of its target). 那枚导弹落在离目标十英里的地方. * We've only raised 2000 so far; we're still 500 short (of the amount we need). 我们到目前为止才筹集到2000 英镑, （离所需数目）还差500 英镑. 3 [pred 作表语] (a) ~ (of sth) not having much or enough of sth; lacking sth （某物）不够; 缺乏（某物）: short of time, money, ideas 缺少时间、钱、主意 * The hospital is getting short of clean linen. 这所医院现在缺少乾净的被服用品. * We can't lend you any sugar, we're a bit short (of it) ourselves. 我们无法借给你糖, 我们自己（的糖）也不太够. * (infml 口) I'm a bit short (ie of money) this week. 我这星期手头不宽裕（缺钱）. (b) ~ on sth (infml 口) lacking (a certain quality) 缺少（某种特质）: He's short on tact. 他处事不够圆通. * Her speeches are rather short on wit. 她的讲话不够风趣. 4 [pred 作表语] ~ for sth serving as an abbreviation of sth 作某事物的简略形式、缩写或简称: `Ben' is usually short for `Benjamin'. Ben 通常为Benjamin 的 简称. 5 (a) [pred 作表语] ~ (with sb) (of a person) speaking sharply and briefly; curt; abrupt （指 人）说话尖刻而简短, 简单粗暴, 唐突无礼: She was rather short with him when he asked for help. 他请她帮帮忙, 她却不客气地把他顶了回去. (b) (of a remark or sb's manner of speaking) expressed in few words; curt （指言语或说话方式）简短的, 唐突无礼的: He gave her a short answer. 他给了 她一个简短生硬的回答. * All his observations were short and to the point. 他的观察报告都很简单 扼要. 6 (a) (of a fielder or his position in cricket) relatively near the batsman （指板球运动的外场 员或其位置）距击球员较近的: short leg, slip, etc 距击球员近的在其左侧的、在其右后侧的... 外场员. (b) (of a bowled ball in cricket) bouncing relatively near to the bowler （指板球中投出的球） 反弹至较近投球手的位置. 7 (of vowels or syllables) pronounced for a relatively brief time （指元 音或音节）短音的: the short vowel in `pull' and the long vowel in `pool' 在pull 一字中的短元音和 在pool 一字中的长元音. 8 (of an alcoholic drink) small and strong, made with spirits （指烈性酒） 少而浓的, 烈性的: I rarely have short drinks. 我很少喝烈性酒. 9 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (commerce 商) (of a bill of exchange, etc) maturing at an early date （指汇票等）短期的, 即将兑现 的: a short bill, bond, etc 短期票据、债券等* a short date, ie an early date for the maturing of a bill, bond, etc 短期（兑现票据、债券等的）. 10 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (of cake or pastry) rich and crumbly as a result of containing much fat （指饼或面点心）油酥的: a flan with a short crust 果馅 酥饼. 11 (idm 习语) be on short `rations be allowed or able to have less than the usual quantity of food 食物配给量不足; 靠不足的食物配给量生活. by a short `head (a) (in horse-racing) by a distance of less than the length of a horse's head （赛马）以不到一个马头的距离: win/lose by a short head 以不到一个马头的距离之差获胜[失败]. (b) by only a little 以极少的量: I got 96 per cent, he got 94, so I beat him by a short head. 我得96 分, 他得94 分, 我仅超过他一点. for `short as an abbreviation 简略形式; 缩写; 简称: Her name is `Frances', or `Fran' for short. 她叫｀弗朗西丝＇或 简称｀弗朗＇. get/have sb by the short `hairs (infml 口) get/have sb in a difficult position or at one's mercy 使某人处境困难; 完全操纵某人. give full/short measure =>measure2. give sb/sth/get short `shrift/FrIft; FrIft/ give sb/sth/get curt treatment or attention 怠慢某人[某事物]; 受冷遇: He went to complain to the boss, but got very short shrift: she told him to get out and stay out 他到老板那儿去 投诉, 但老板态度冷淡: 她叫他出去上一边呆著去. in long/short pants =>pants. in the long/short term =>term. in `short in a few words; briefly 总之; 简言之: Things couldn't be worse, financially: in short, we're bankrupt. 在财务方面已经糟得不能再糟了: 总之一句话, 我们破产了. in short `order quickly and without fuss 迅速而直截了当地: When the children are naughty she deals with them in very short order: they're sent straight to bed. 孩子们一淘气她有个乾脆的办法: 马上打发他们上床 睡觉. in short supply not plentiful; scarce 不充裕; 供应不足. little/nothing short of sth little/nothing less than sth; almost sth 不亚于某事物; 几乎就是: Our escape was little short of miraculous. 我们 能够逃出来简直是奇迹. make short work of sth/sb deal with, or dispose of sth/sb quickly 迅速处理 某事物或对付某人: make short work of one's meal 很快吃完饭* The team made short work of their opponents. 这个队一下子就把对方压倒了. on a short `fuse likely to get angry quickly and easily 易怒的; 脾气暴躁的: Don't irritate her, she's on a short fuse today. 别惹她, 她今天动不动就 发火. out of/short of breath =>breath. (on) short `commons (dated 旧) not having enough to eat 没有 足够的食物吃. a short `cut (a) route that makes a journey, walk, etc shorter 近路; 捷径: I took a short cut across the field to get to school. 我穿过田野抄近路去上学. (b) way of doing sth more efficiently, quickly, etc 更快、更有效等的办事方法: Becoming a doctor requires years of training -- there are really no short cuts. 当医生需要多年的学习和锻炼--实无捷径可言. ,short and `sweet (often ironic 常作反语) brief but pleasant 简短而愉快的: I only needed two minutes with the doctor the visit was short and sweet. 我找医生治病只用了两分钟--别管受罪不受罪, 反正时间短. thick as two short planks =>thick. > shortness n [U]. shortbread n. [U] crumbly dry cake made with flour, sugar and much butter 油酥甜饼（由面粉、 糖、黄油制成）. shortcake n. [U] (a) (Brit) = shortbread. (b) dessert made from a biscuit dough or sponge mixture with cream and fruit on top 油酥糕饼（在发酵面团上覆奶油、水果做成的甜食）: strawberry shortcake 草莓油酥糕饼. short-change v. [Tn] cheat (sb), esp by giving him less than the correct change2(4) （故意）少找给 （某人）钱. short circuit (also infml 口语作short) ( usu faulty) connection in an electric circuit, by which the current flows along a shorter route than the normal one 电路短路. ,short-`circuit (also infml 口语作 short) v 1 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) have a short circuit （使某用电器）短路: The lights short-circuited when I joined up the wires. 我一接上电线, 电灯就短路了. * You've short-circuited the washing-machine. 你把洗衣机弄短路了. 2 [Tn] (fig 比喻) avoid (sth); bypass 避开（某事物）; 绕 过: short-circuit the normal procedures to get sth done quickly 为尽快办成某事不循正常手续. shortcoming n. (usu pl 通常作复数) failure to be of a required standard; fault 缺点; 缺陷: a system/person with many shortcomings 有许多缺点的体系[人]. shortfall n. ~ (in sth) deficit 赤字; 亏空: a shortfall in the annual budget 年度预算中的不足. shorthand (also esp US stenography) n. [U] method of writing rapidly, using special quickly-written symbols 速记法: [attrib 作定语] a shorthand course, typist, letter 速记课程、打字员、信. short-handed adj. [usu pred 通常作表语] not having enough workers, helpers, etc 人手不足: The shop is short-handed, so we are all having to work harder. 店里人手不足, 所以我们都得勤奋些. shorthorn n. breed of cattle with short curved horns 短角牛. short list small number, esp of candidates for a job, selected from a larger number, and from which the final selection is to be made 决选名单（从多数人中挑出的少数候选人, 以备从中选出所需的人, 尤指 应徵职务者）: draw up a short list 拟定一份决选名单* Are you on the short list? 你在决选名单上 吗? short-list v. [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (for sth) put sb on a short list 将某人列入决选名单: Have you been short-listed for the post? 已经把你列入该工作的决选名单上了吗? short-lived / 9FR:t5lIvd; ?@ 5laIvd; FRrt`laIvd/ adj lasting for a short time; brief 短命的; 短暂的: a short-lived triumph, relationship 短暂的胜利、关系* Her interest in tennis was very short-lived. 她喜好网球只是昙花一现. short odds ( in betting) nearly even odds, indicating a horse, etc that is likely to win （赌博中）可能 赢的机会几乎均等. short order ( US) order for food that can be cooked quickly （点叫）快餐: [attrib 作定语] a ,short-order `chef 专做快餐的厨师. short-range adj. [usu attrib 通常作定语] 1 designed for or applying to a limited period of time 短 期间的: a,short-range `plan, `project, etc 短期计画、项目等*,short-range `weather forecasts, ie for one or two days ahead 短期天气预报. 2 (of missiles, etc) designed to travel over relatively short distances （指导弹等）短程的, 近程的. ,short `sight ability to see clearly only what is close 近 视. ,short-`sighted adj 1 suffering from short sight 近视的. 2 (fig 比喻) having or showing an inability to foresee what will happen 目光短浅的; 无远见的: a short-sighted person, attitude, plan 目光短浅的人、看法、计画. short-staffed adj. [usu pred 通常作表语] not having enough staff; understaffed 人员不足: We're very short-staffed in the office this week. 本星期我们办公室人手不够. short story piece of prose fiction that is shorter than a novel, esp one that deals with a single event or theme 短篇 小说. short temper tendency to become angry quickly and easily 易怒; 脾气暴躁: He has a very short temper. 他脾气 很暴躁. short-tempered adj: Being tired often makes me short-tempered. 我一累就容易发脾气. short-term adj. [usu attrib 通常作定语] of or for a short period 短期的: a ,short-term `plan, `loan, agreement, appointment 短期计画、贷款、协议、任命. short time employment for less than the full working week 短工时雇用工作（每周开工不足者）: workers on short time 短工时雇用的工人 * [attrib 作定语] ,short-time `working 短工时的工作. short wave ( abbr 缩写SW) radio wave with a length between 100 and 10 metres 短波（波长在 100 米与10 米之间的无线电波）: [attrib 作定语] a ,short-wave `radio, `broadcast, etc 短波收音机、 广播等. short-winded adj. easily getting breathless after exerting oneself, running, etc （用力、跑步等后就） 容易气喘的. short / FR:t; FRrt/ adv 1 suddenly; abruptly 突然; 唐突地: He stopped short when he heard his Oxford Dictionary Translation memory software company ForeignDesk, Okapi Framework, OmegaT, Transolution, AidTransStudio, Cafetran, Déjà Vu (DVX), Heartsome Translation Suite, MemoQ, MetaTexis, Rainbow, SDLX, SDL, STAR Transit, Trados, SDL Trados, Wordfast, WordFisher, Similis, Open Language Tools http://www.transgood.com