TransGood-Translation memory software Trados, SDL, ForeignDesk, Wordfast, WordFisher, Déjà Vu (DVX), 译佳计算机辅助翻译软件, 雅信CAT TransGood, TransMemory, Translation Software Tools, Computer-assisted translation, computer-aided translation, CAT, machine-aided translation, Translation memory software, Terminology management software, Alignment software, Software localization tools, ?bersetzung Software, Logiciels de traduction, Software di traduzione, Traducción de Software, Mémoire de traduction, Tradu??o memória, Memoria de traducción, Memoria di traduzione, Перевод Software, ForeignDesk, Okapi Framework, OmegaT, Transolution, AidTransStudio, Cafetran, Déjà Vu (DVX), Heartsome Translation Suite, MemoQ, MetaTexis, Rainbow, SDLX, SDL, STAR Transit, Trados, SDL Trados, Wordfast, WordFisher, Similis, Open Language Tools, 翻訳ソフトウェア, 翻訳メモリ, 翻译软件 辅助翻译软件 计算机辅助翻译软件 人工智能翻译 翻译工具 专业翻译软件 翻译记忆软件 塔多思 Trados SDL WordFast 雅信CAT 翻译公司 牛津词典 Oxford Dictionary 表语] ~ to sth depending on sth as a condition 以某事物为条件; 取决于某事物: sold subject to contract, ie provided that a contract is signed 依照合同出售* The plan is subject to the director's approval. 该计画须经主管批准. subjective / sEb5dVektIv; sEb`dVZktIv/ adj 1 (of ideas, feelings, etc) existing in the mind and not produced by things outside the mind （指思想、感情等）主观的（属于自我意识方面的）: a subjective impression, sensation, etc 主观印象、感觉等 * Our perception of things is often influenced by subjective factors, such as tiredness. 我们对事物的感知能力常受到主观因素（如疲 劳）的影响. 2 (sometimes derog 有时作贬义) based on personal taste, views, etc 主观的（以个人 之好恶、观点等为依据的）: a very subjective judgement of the play 对该剧极其主观的评判 * A literary critic should not be too subjective in his approach. 文学评论家的看法不应太主观. Cf 参看 objective. subjectively adv in a subjective way 主观地: Don't judge her work too subjectively. 评论她的作品不要过于主 观. subjectivity / 9sQbdVek5tIvEtI; 9sQbdVZk`tIvEtI/ n [U]. subjoin / 9sQb5dVRIn; sQb`dVRIn/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sth) (fml 文) add sth to the end of sth （在 末尾）增补或添加某事物: subjoin a postscript to a letter 在信末加一附笔. subjugate / 5sQbdVUgeIt; `sQbdVE9-et/ v [Tn] gain controlof (a country, etc); subdue; conquer 征服 （某国家等）; 制伏; 降伏. subjugation / 9sQbdVU5geIFn; 9sQbdVE`-eFEn/ n [U]. subjunctive / sEb5dVQNktIv; sEb`dVQNktIv/ adj (grammar) of the special form of a verb that expresses a wish, possibility, condition, etc （动词）虚拟式的, 虚拟语气的: In the phrase `if I were you', `were' is subjunctive. 在if I were you 这一短语中, were 是虚拟式的. Cf 参看 imperative 3, indicative. subjunctive n. (grammar) 1 the subjunctive [U]the whole group of subjunctive verb-forms; the subjunctivemood 虚拟式; 虚拟语气: In `I wish you were here', `were' is in the subjunctive. 在I wish you were here 一句中, were 表达的是虚拟语气. 2 [C] subjunctive verb 虚拟式动词. sublease / 9sQb5li:s; sQb`lis/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) lease (a house, land, etc leased to oneself) to another person; sublet sth 将（房屋、土地等）转租或分租给他人; 转租或分租某物: The company subleases flats to students. 公司把公寓分租给大学生. sublease n. lease of this kind （房屋、土地等的）转租, 分租. sublet / 9sQb5let; sQb`lZt/ v (-tt-; pt, pp sublet) [I, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) rent (a house, flat, etc of which one is the tenant, or part of it) to sb else 将（房屋、其中部分等）转租或分租给他人: sublet a room to a friend 把一个房间转租给朋友. sublimate / 5sQblImeIt; `sQblE9met/ v [Tn] 1 (psychology 心) express (instinctual urges, esp sexual ones) in more socially acceptable ways 以较符合社会准则的方式表现（本能的冲动, 尤指性欲）; 使升华: sublimating one's sex drive by working hard 把性的冲动转化成努力工作. 2 (chemistry 化) convert (a substance) from the solid state to vapour by heating it, then allowing it to cool and become solid again, in order to purify it 使（某物质）升华. sublimate n. substance purified by sublimating (sublimate2) 升华物. sublimation / 9sQblI5meIFn; 9sQblE`meFEn/ n [U]. sublime / sE5blaIm; sE`blaIm/ adj 1 of the greatest, most admirable kind; causing awe and reverence 伟大的;崇高的; 令人赞叹的; 令人崇敬的: sublime heroism, beauty, scenery 令人叹为观止的英雄 行为、美丽、景色* her sublime devotion to the cause 她献身于事业的崇高精神 * (infml 口) The food was absolutely sublime. 这吃的东西棒极了. 2 [attrib 作定语] (sometimes derog 有时作 贬义) extreme; suggesting a person who is not afraid of the consequences of his actions 极端的; 不 顾后果的: sublime conceit, indifference, impudence 极其骄横、冷淡、无耻* She approached the angry crowd with a sublime lack of concern for her own safety. 她完全不顾自己的安全走近愤怒的 人群. 3 (idm 习语) from the sublime to the ridiculous from sth great, admirable, etc to sth trivial, absurd, etc 由极好转到极无聊的事物上: Interrupting an opera on television for a pet-food commercial is going from the sublime to the ridiculous. 在电视播演歌剧时插播宠物食品广告真是 煞风景. sublimely adv: play the piano sublimely 钢琴弹得棒极了* She was sublimely unaware of how foolish she looked. 她根本不知道她的样子多愚蠢. sublimity / sE5blImEtI; sE`blImEtI/ n [U]. subliminal / 9sQb5lImInl; sQb`lImEnl/ adj being perceivedor affecting the mind without one being aware of it 下意识的; 潜意识的: the subliminal message of the text, ie one not explicitly stated 文 中的言外之意* subliminal advertising, eg by means of an image flashed onto a screen so briefly that it is noted only by the subconscious mind 潜意识广告（如影像在屏幕上一闪而过, 在观众潜意识 中留下印象）. submarine / 9sQbmE5ri:n; ?@ 5sQbmEri:n; `sQbmE9rin/ n 1 naval vessel that can operate underwater as well as onthe surface 潜（水）艇: [attrib 作定语] a submarine officer,crew 潜艇军官、 全体官兵. 2 (also ,submarine `sandwich) (esp US) sandwich made from a long bread roll split lengthwise and filled with meat, cheese, salad, etc 潜艇三明治（长面包纵向切开, 夹肉、乾酪、色 拉等）. submarine adj. [attrib 作定语] (existing or placed) under the surface of the sea （存在或置于）海 面下的: submarine plants 海生植物* submarine exploration 海中探测* a submarine cable 海底 电缆. submariner / sQb5mArInE(r); ?@ 5sQbmEri:nEr; `sQbmE9rinL/ n member of a submarine's crew 潜艇人员. submerge / sEb5m\:dV; sEb`m[dV/ v 1 (a) [I] go under the surface of a liquid, the sea, etc 进入液 面、海面等的下面: The submarine submerged to avoid enemy ships. 该潜艇潜入水下以躲避敌舰. (b) [Tn] cause (sth) to go under the surface of a liquid, the sea, etc; cover with a liquid 使（某物）进 入液面、海面等之下; 淹没: a wall submerged by flood water 被洪水淹没的墙 * The child submerged all her toys in the bath. 那孩子把所有的玩具都泡在澡盆里. 2 [Tn usu passive 通常用 于被动语态] (fig 比喻) completely cover (sb/sth); overwhelm 完全覆盖（某人[某事物]）; 遮住: be submerged by paperwork 埋头于文牍工作 * The main argument was submerged in a mass of tedious detail. 大量单调乏味的细节掩盖了主要论点. submerged adj. under the surface of the sea, etc 在海面等的下面的: a partly-submerged wreck 部 分淹没的遇难船的残骸. submergence / sEb5m\:dVEns; sEb`m[dVEns/, submersion / sEb5m\:Fn; ?@ -m\:rVn; sEb`m[VEn/ ns [U]. submersible / sEb5m\:sEbl; sEb`m[sEbl/ n, adj (ship or craft) that can be submerged 可潜入水中的 （船只等）: exploring the sea bed in a submersible 乘潜水器探测海底. submission / sEb5mIFn; sEb`mIFEn/ n ~ (to sb/sth) 1 [U] (a) acceptance of another`s power; submitting 归顺; 降服; 投降: submission to sb's will 屈从于某人的意志 * starve the city into submission, ie force it to submit by cutting off its food supplies 以饥饿迫使该城投降. (b) state in which one accepts the superior power of sb else 屈从; 服从; 顺从: During the occupation, we had to live in total submission (to the invader). 在沦陷时期, 我们得听凭（侵略者的）摆布. * parents who want children to show complete submission to their wishes 要孩子百依百顺的父母. 2 [C, U] (act of) presenting sth for consideration, a decision, etc 提交; 呈递: the submission of a claim, a petition, an appeal, etc 要求、请愿书、上诉书等的提交. 3 [C, U] (law 律) opinion or argument presented to a judge or jury 向法官或陪审团提出的意见或论据: In my submission, the witness is lying. 本人 认为证人所言不实. submissive / sEb5mIsIv; sEb`mIsIv/ adj willing to yield to the authority of others; obedient 服从的; 顺从的:a humble and submissive servant 恭顺的仆人. submissively adv. submissiveness n. [U]. submit / sEb5mIt; sEb`mIt/ v (-tt-) 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (to sb/sth) accept the control, superior strength, etc (of sb/sth); yield (to sb/sth) 屈服或归顺于（某人[某事物]）; 服从, 顺从（某人[某事物]）: I refuse to submit. 我决不屈服. * submit to discipline, superior force, etc 遵守纪律、慑服于优势兵力 * submit to the enemy, a tyrant, etc 向敌人投降、向暴君低头. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sb/sth) give sth (to sb/sth) so that it may be considered, decided on, etc （向某人[某事物]）提交或呈递某事物（以 供考虑、裁决等）: submit an essay to one's tutor 向指导教师呈交论文* submit plans to the council for approval 向委员会提交计画呈请批准* submit an application, estimate, claim, etc 提出 一项申请、估价、要求等. 3 [Tf no passive 不用于被动语态] (law 律) suggest (sth); argue 建 议（某事物）; 认为: Counsel for the defence submitted that his client was clearly innocent. 被告的 律师辩称其委托人显然是无辜的. * The case, I would submit, is not proven. 本人认为此案证据不 足. subnormal / 9sQb5nR:ml; sQb`nRrml/ adj 1 below normal; less than normal 低于正常的; 比正常 少的: subnormal temperatures 低于正常的温度. 2 below the normal level of intelligence 智力低 于正常标准的: a subnormal child 弱智儿童* educationally subnormal 在教育方面认为智力低于 正常标准的. subnormal n. (infml 口) subnormal(2) person 智力逊常者; 弱智者. suborbital / 9sQb5R:bItl; sQb`RrbItl/ adj less than (or lasting less time than) one orbit of the earth, moon, etc （绕地球、月球等）不满一周的, 不足一周之时间的, 亚轨道的: a suborbital space flight 亚轨道宇宙飞行. subordinate / sE5bR:dInEt; ?@ -dEnEt; sE`bRrdnIt/ adj (a) ~ (to sb) lower in rank or position 级别或 职位较低的; 下级的: He was always friendly to his subordinate officers. 他对下级官员一向和蔼可 亲. (b) ~ (to sth) of less importance 次要的; 附属的: All the other issues are subordinate to this one. 所有问题都要以这一问题为依归. subordinate n. person who is subordinate tosb else 下级; 部属: the commanding officer and his subordinates 指挥官及其部下. subordinate / sE5bR:dIneIt; ?@ -dEneIt; sE`bRrdn9et/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sth) treat sth as of lesser importance (than sth else) 将某事物置于次要地位: In her book, she subordinates this issue to more generalproblems. 在她的书中, 她把这个问题处理得不如一般问题重要. subordination / sE9bR:dI5neIFn; ?@ -dEn5eIFn; sE9bRrdn`eFEn/ n [U]. subordinate clause (also dependent `clause) ( grammar) clause, usu introduced by a conjunction, that functions like a noun, adjective or adverb, eg when it rang in She answered the phone when it rang 从 句, 从属分句（通常以连词引导, 其作用相当于名词、形容词或副词, 如She answered the phone when it rang 句中的when it rang 即是）. Cf 参看co-ordinate clause (co-ordinate1). suborn / sE5bR:n; sE`bRrn/ v [Tn] (fml 文) use bribery or some other means to persuade (sb) to do sth illegal, esp tell lies in a court of law 以行贿或其他方法唆使（某人）做非法的事（尤指向法庭 提供伪证）: suborn a witness 收买证人. subornation / 9sQbR:5neIFn; 9sQbRr`neFEn/ n [U]. subpoena / sE5pi:nE; sE`pinE/ n (law 律) written order requiring a person to appear in a lawcourt （传唤出庭的）传票: serve a subpoena on a witness 向证人送达传票. subpoena v. [Tn, Cn.n/a, Cn.t] summon (sb) with a subpoena （用传票）传唤（某人）: subpoena a witness 传唤证人* The court subpoenaed her (to appear) as a witness. 法庭传她（到庭）作证. subroutine / 5sQbru:ti:n; 9sQbru`tin/ n (computing 计) self-contained section of a computer program for performing a specific task 子程序; 子例行程序. subscribe / sEb5skraIb; sEb`skraIb/ v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr]~ (sth) (to sth) (agree to) contribute (a sum of money) 认捐, 捐助（一笔款项）: subscribe to a charity 向慈善机构捐款* How much did you subscribe (to the disaster fund)? 你（向赈灾基金）捐了多少钱? 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (to sth) (agree to) buy (a newspaper, periodical, etc) regularly over a period of time 订阅, 订购（报刊等）: The magazine is trying to get more readers to subscribe. 该杂志正大力发展新订户. * Which journal(s) do you subscribe to? 你订阅哪一种杂志? 3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sth) (fml 文) sign (esp one's name) at the foot of a document （在文件下面）签名, （尤指）签字, 签署: subscribe one's name to a petition 在 请愿书上签名* subscribe a few remarks at the end of the essay 在论文后面签注意见. 4 (phr v) subscribe to sth (fml 文) agree with (an opinion, a theory, etc) 同意, 赞成（某观点、理论等）: Do you subscribe to her pessimistic view of the state of the economy? 你是否同意她对经济状况所持的 悲观看法? subscriber n. 1 person who subscribes(1,2) 认捐者; 捐助者; 订阅者; 订购者. 2 person who rents a telephone （电话）用户. subscription / sEb5skrIpFn; sEb`skrIpFEn/ n 1 [U] subscribing or being subscribed 认捐; 捐助; 订阅; 订购; 签字; 签署: a monument paid for by public subscription 由各界捐款建立的纪念碑. 2 [C] (a) sum of money subscribed 捐款; 订阅费; 订购款; 认捐额; 认购额: a 5 subscription to charity 向慈善事业提供的5 英镑的捐款. (b) fee for membership of a club, etc （俱乐部等的）会 员费: renew one's annual subscription 继续缴纳年度会费. subscriber trunk dialling (abbr 缩写STD) system of making long distance calls in which the calleris automatically connected (instead of using an operator) 用户长途电话直拨系统. subscription concert concert where all tickets are paid for in advance 须预订票的音乐会. subsection / 5sQbsekFn; `sQb9sZkFEn/ n part of a section, esp in legal documents, etc 分段; 小节; （尤指法律文书等的）分款, 分项: Please turn to section 5, subsection b. 请翻到第5 款, b 项. subsequent / 5sQbsIkwEnt; `sQbsI9kwEnt/ adj [attrib 作定语] later; following 后来的; 随后的: Subsequent events proved me wrong. 后来发生的事证明我错了. * The first and all subsequent visits were kept secret. 第一次以及随后的各次访问均严守秘密. subsequently adv afterwards 后来; 随后; 接著: They subsequently heard he had left the country. 他们后来听说 他已出国. subsequent to prep. (fml 文) following (sth); after 继（某事物）之后; 在...之后: Subsequent to its success as a play, it was made into a film. 该剧在舞台上获得成功之后, 又摄制成了电影. * He confessed to other crimes subsequent to the bank robbery. 他供认抢劫银行案后, 又坦白了其他罪 行. subservient / sEb5s\:vIEnt; sEb`s[vIEnt/ adj ~ (to sb/sth) 1 (often derog 常作贬义) giving too much respect, obedience, etc; submissive 必恭必敬的; 低声下气的; 恭顺的: a subservient manner, attitude 低三下四的样子、态度* Are priests too subservient to their bishops? 牧师对主教是否过 于恭顺? 2 less important; subordinate 次要的; 从属的: People should not be regarded as subservient to the economic system. 不应把人的因素看成是经济体制的附庸. subservience / -Ens; -Ens/ n [U]. subserviently adv. subside / sEb5saId; sEb`saId/ v 1 [I] sink to a lower or to the normal level 下降至较低或正常水平: The flood waters gradually subsided. 洪水逐渐退去. * The boiling soup subsided when the pot was taken off the heat. 把锅从炉子上端开时, 汤就不再沸腾了. 2 [I] (of land) sink, eg because of mining operations underneath （指土地）下陷（如因在地下采矿）. 3 [I] (of buildings, etc) sink lower into the ground （指建筑物等）下陷: Weak foundations caused the house to subside. 由于地 基不牢, 这所房子已下陷. 4 [I] become less violent, active, intense, etc 减弱; 减轻; 平静下来; 平息: The storm began to subside. 风暴渐渐平息了. * He waited until the applause had subsided. 他 一直等到掌声平息下来, 才继续下去. * I took an aspirin and the pain gradually subsided. 我服用了 阿斯匹林, 疼痛逐渐减轻. 5 [Ipr] (infml joc 口, 谑) let oneself drop into a chair, etc 一下子坐在 椅子等上: subsiding onto the sofa/into an armchair 一屁股坐在长沙发[单座沙发]上. subsidence / sEb5saIdns, 5sQbsIdns; sEb`saIdns,`sQbsEdEns/ n 1 [U] process of subsiding (subside1) 下降; 回落; 回降: the gradual subsidence of the river 河水的逐渐回落. 2 [U, C] process or instance of subsiding (subside2, 3) （土地或建筑物等的）下陷: a building damaged by subsidence 因地基塌陷而毁坏的建筑物* The railway line was closed because of (a) subsidence. 这条铁路因土地下陷而停止运营. subsidiary / sEb5sIdIErI; ?@ -dIerI; sEb`sIdI9ZrI/ adj 1~ (to sth) connected to but smaller, of less importance,etc than sth else; subordinate 附属的; 从属的; 次要的: a subsidiary stream flowing into the main river 流入大河的支流* The question of finance is subsidiary to the question of whether the project will be approved. 财务问题是这一项目是否获准的附带问题. 2 (of a business company) controlled by another （指业务机构）附属的, 附设的. subsidiary n. subsidiary thing, esp a business company 附属事物; （尤指）附属公司. subsidy / 5sQbsIdI; `sQbsEdI/ n [C, U] money paid, esp by a government, to help an industry, to support the arts, to keep prices down, etc 补助金; （尤指政府为扶持工业、资助艺术事业、平抑 物价等而发放的）津贴, 补贴: food subsidies, eg to reduce the price of basic foods 食品补贴（如用 以降低基本食品的价格）* increase/reduce the level of subsidy, eg to the arts, farmers, etc 增加[减 少]补贴（如对艺术界、农民等的）. subsidize, subsidise / 5sQbsIdaIz; `sQbsE9daIz/ v [Tn] give a subsidy to (sth/sb) 给（某事物[某人]） 津贴或补贴; 资助或补助（某人[某事物]）: subsidized industries 受资助的工业. subsidization, subsidisation / 9sQbsIdaI5zeIFn; ?@ -dI5z-; 9sQbsEdE`zeFEn/ n [U]. subsist / sEb5sIst; sEb`sIst/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (on sth) (fml 文) (continue to) stay alive, esp with little food or money; exist （继续）存活, 活下去; （尤指藉微少的食物或金钱）维持生活; 生存: How do they manage to subsist (on such a low wage)? 他们（区区这点工资）怎样口? * He subsisted mainly on vegetables and fruit. 他主要依靠蔬菜和水果维持生命. subsistence / -tEns; -tEns/ n [U] (means of) subsisting 存活; 生存; 生计; 维生之道: reduced to subsistence on bread and water 降到以面包和水维持生活 * [attrib 作定语] subsistence farming, ie farming that produces only enough crops for the farmer and his family to live on, leaving no surplus which could besold 自给农业（收成仅供自家食用, 无剩余出售者）* a subsistence wage, ie one that is only just enough to enable a worker to live 勉强糊口的工资. subsistence crop crop grown to be eaten by the grower 自给作物（供种植者自身食用的）. Cf 参看 cash crop (cash). subsistence level standard of living that is only just high enough to support life 勉强糊口的生活水平. subsoil / 5sQbsRIl; `sQb9sRIl/ n [U] layer of soil lying immediately beneath the surface layer 底土 （层）; 心土（层）. Cf 参看 topsoil (top1). subsonic / 9sQb5sCnIk; 9sQb`sBnIk/ adj (flying at a speed) less than the speed of sound 亚音速（飞 行）的: a subsonic speed, aircraft, flight 亚音速、亚音速飞机、亚音速飞行. Cf 参看 supersonic. substance / 5sQbstEns; `sQbstEns/ n 1 [C] particular type of matter 物质: a poisonous substance like cyanide 类似氰化物的有毒物质* a substance that will prevent rust 防物质* Water and ice are the same substance in different forms. 水和冰是同一物质的不同状态. 2 [U] (a) real matter (contrasted with sth only seen, heard or imagined) 实物（与仅能看到、听到或想像之事物相对）: They maintained that ghosts had no substance. 他们认为鬼魂不是实物. (b) firmness; solidity 坚固; 结实: I like a meal that has some substance to it, ie has nourishing food in it. 我喜欢吃富于营养的饭 菜. * (fig 比喻) an argument of little substance, eg lacking specific details, etc 内容贫乏的议论. 3 [U] most important or essential part of sth; essential meaning 基本部分; 实质部分; 主旨; 要义: the substance of the speech 讲话的要旨* I agree with the substance of what you say/with what you say in substance, but differ on points of detail. 我同意你讲话的基本内容, 不过在一些枝节问题上与 你有分歧. 4 [U] (fml 文) money; property 金钱; 财物; 资产: a man/woman of substance, eg a property owner 有资产的男子[女子]. substandard / 9sQb5stAndEd; sQb`stAndLd/ adj below the usual or required standard 低于标准的; 不够标准的: substandard goods 不合格的货物* She has written good essays before, but this one is substandard. 她以前写的文章不错, 但这一篇却不怎麽样. substantial / sEb5stAnFl; sEb`stAnFEl/ adj 1 large in amount; considerable 数目大的; 可观的: a substantial improvement, decrease 相当大的改善、缩减* Her contribution to the discussion was substantial. 她在讨论中做了很多工作. * obtain a substantial loan 获得大笔贷款. 2 [usu attrib 通 常作定语] solidly or strongly built or made 坚固的; 结实的: a substantial padlock, chair, wall 结实 的挂锁、椅子、墙壁. 3 [usu attrib 通常作定语] owning much property; wealthy 有大量财产的; 富有的: a substantial business, company 殷实的商号、公司 *substantial farmers 富有的农民. 4 [attrib 作定语] concerningthe most important part of sth; essential 实质的; 大体上的; 基本的: We are in substantial agreement. 我们的意见基本一致. 5 (fml 文) having physical existence, not merely seen or heard or imagined; real 实际存在的; 实物的; 真实的: Was it something substantial that you saw, or was it a ghost? 你见到的是实物, 还是鬼魂? substantially / -FElI; -FElI/ adv 1 considerably; greatly 可观地; 大量地: substantially improved 大为改善* They contributed substantially to our success. 他们对我们的成功做出了重大贡献. 2 concerning the substance(3) of sth; essentially 实质上; 大体上; 基本上: Your assessment is substantially correct. 你的估计基本正确. substantiate / sEb5stAnFIeIt; sEb`stAnFI9et/ v [Tn] give facts to support (a claim, statement, etc); prove 用事实支持（某主张、说法等）; 证明; 证实: Can you substantiateyour accusations against him? 你指责他, 能提出事实根据吗? substantiation / sEb9stnFI5eIFn; sEb9stAnFI`eFEn/ n. substantive / 5sQbstEntIv; `sQbstEntIv/ adj (fml 文) genuine or actual; real 真的; 真实的; 实在的; 实际的: a discussion of substantive matters 对实际问题的讨论* a guarantee of substantive progress 取得实质性进展的保证. substantive n. (dated 旧 grammar) noun 名词. substantive / sEb5stAntIv; sEb`stAntIv/ adj [attrib 作定语] (of military rank) permanent; not temporary （指军衔）永久的, 非临时的: a substantive major 在编的少校. substation / 5sQbsteIFn; `sQb9steFEn/ n place whichrelays electric current that has been generated elsewhere 变电所. substitute / 5sQbstItju:t; ?@ -tu:t; `sQbstE9tut/ n ~ (for sb/sth) person or thing that replaces, acts for or serves as sb or sth else 代替、替换或代理的人或事物; 代替者; 代理人; 代用品: The manager was unable to attend but sent his deputy as a substitute. 经理不能出席, 派了个副手代表他. * This type of vinyl is a poor substitute for leather. 这种乙烯基材料代替皮革十分勉强. * [attrib 作定语] a substitute player, horse, machine 替换的队员、马、机器. substitute v. (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (for sb/sth) put or use sb/sth as a substitute (for sb/sth else) 用某 人[某事物]代替（另外的人[事物]）: The understudy was substituted when the leading actor fell ill. 主 角演员患病, 由替角代替演出. * We must substitute a new chair for the broken one. 我们这把破损 的椅子得换个新的. (b) [Ipr] ~ for sb/sth act or serve as a substitute 代替; 替换; 代理; 取代: Can you substitute for (ie go instead of) me at the meeting? 你代我去开会好吗? * Honey can substitute for sugar in this recipe. 在这个食谱中, 可用蜂蜜代替食糖. substitution / 9sQbstI5tju:Fn; ?@ -5tu:Fn; 9sQbstE`tuFEn/ n 1 [U] substituting or being substituted 代替; 替换; 代理; 取代. 2 [C] act of substituting 代替; 替换; 代理; 取代: Two substitutions (ie of players) were made during the match. 在比赛中换了两次人. substratum / 9sQb5strB:tEm; ?@ 5sQbstreItEm; `sQb9stretEm/ n (pl substrata / 9sQb5strB:tE; ?@ 5sQbstreItE;`sQb9stretE/) 1 level lying below another 下面的一层; 底层: a substratum of rock 底 层岩石. 2 (fig 比喻) foundation; basis 基础; 根基: a substratum of truth in her story 她叙述中的 事实根据. substructure / 5sQbstrQktFE(r); `sQb9strQktFL/ n underlying or supporting structure; base or foundation 下部结构; 支撑结构; 基础; 根基. Cf 参看 superstructure 1. subsume / sEb5sju:m; ?@ -5su:m; sEb`sum/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (in/under sth) (fml 文) include sth in a particular group, class, etc or under a rule 将某事物归入某类型、类别等, 或纳入某规则中: This creature can be subsumed in the class of reptiles. 这种生物可以归入爬行动物一类. subtenant / 5sQbtenEnt; `sQb9tZnEnt/ n person to whom a house, flat, etc (or part of it) is sublet by a tenant （房屋、公寓等的）转租承租人. subtenancy / -EnsI;-EnsI/ n [C, U]. subtend / sEb5tend; sEb`tZnd/ v [Tn] (geometry 几) (of a chord2(1) or the side of a triangle) be opposite to (an arc(1) or angle) （指弦或三角形之边）对向（某弧或角）: The chord AC subtends the arc ABC. The side XZ subtends the angle XYZ. AC 弦对向 ABC 弧. XZ 边对向 XYZ 角. =>illus 见插图. subterfuge / 5sQbtEfju:dV; `sQbtL9fjudV/ n (a) [C] trick or excuse, esp one used to avoid difficulties, blame, failure, etc 诡计; 花招; （尤指）（逃避困难、逃脱责备、避免失败等的）手段, 遁辞: Her claim to be a journalist was simply a subterfuge to get into the theatre without paying. 她自称是记者, 这只是个看戏不买票的花招而已. (b) [U] such trickery 诡计; 花招: gain sth by subterfuge 施诡计 获得某事物. subterranean / 9sQbtE5reInIEn; 9sQbtE`renIEn/ adj underthe earth's surface; underground 地表下面 的; 地下的: a subterranean passage, river, tunnel 地下通道、河流、隧道* subterranean digging 在地下进行的采掘. subtitle / 5sQbtaItl; `sQb9taItl/ n 1 secondary title of a book, etc 副标题; 小标题. 2 (usu pl 通常 作复数) (esp cinema 尤用于电影) words printed on a film that translate the dialogue of a foreign film, give those of a silent film or (on television) supply dialogue for deaf viewers 字幕. subtitle v. [Tn usu passive 通常用于被动语态] give a subtitle or subtitles to (sth) 给（书等）加副 标题或小标题; 给（影片等）加字幕: a book subtitled `A Study of Methodism' 以《循道宗教义研 究》为副标题的书. subtle / 5sQtl; `sQtl/ adj (-r, -st) (esp approv 尤作褒义) 1 not easy to detect or describe; fine; delicate 难以察觉或描述的; 细微的; 精细的: a subtle charm, flavour, style 难以形容的魅力、滋 味、式样* subtle humour 巧妙的幽默* a subtle distinction 细微的差别* paint in subtle shades of pink 粉红色度略微不同的颜料. 2 organized in a clever and complex way; ingenious; cunning 巧安排的; 巧妙的; 狡诈的: a subtle argument, design, strategy 巧妙的议论、设计、策略 * a subtle analysis of the problem 对该问题的精辟的分析. 3 able to see and describe fine and delicate differences; sensitive 敏锐的; 感觉灵敏的: a subtle observer, critic, analyst, etc 细心的观察者、评 论者、分析者等* She has a very subtle mind. 她头脑灵敏. subtlety / 5sQtltI; `sQtltI/ n 1 [U] quality of being subtle 细微; 精细; 巧妙; 灵巧; 诡诈; 敏锐. 2 [C] subtle distinction, etc 细微的差别等. subtly / 5sQtlI; `sQtlI/ adv. subtopia / 9sQb5tEUpIE; sQb`topIE/ n [C, U] unattractive suburbs spreading out into the countryside 难看的郊区（尤指城郊住宅区）. subtotal / 5sQbtEUtl; `sQb9totl/ n total of a set of figures that are part of a larger group of figures 部 分合计数; 小计. subtract / sEb5trAkt; sEb`trAkt/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) take (a number or quantity) away from (another number, etc) 从（某数等）中减去（某数或量）: subtract 6 from 99 减6 * 6 subtracted from 9 is 3, ie 9639 减 6 等于 3. Cf 参看 add, deduct. subtraction / sEb5trAkFn; sEb`trAkFEn/ n 1 [U] process of subtracting 减; 减法. 2 [C] act of subtracting 减; 减法: Two from five is a simple subtraction. 五减二是简单的减法. subtropical / 9sQb5trCpIkl; sQb`trBpIkl/ adj of regions bordering on the tropics 亚热带 的: ,subtropical `plants 亚热带植物* a ,subtropical `climate 亚热带气候. Cf 参看 subarctic. suburb / 5sQb\:b; `sQb[b/ n (esp residential) district outside the central part of a town or city （城镇 的）郊区; （尤指）城郊住宅区: an industrial suburb 城郊工业区* a suburb of Naples 那不勒斯 市郊* live in the suburbs, ie in such a district 住在市郊* the inner/outer suburbs 近[远]郊 * a dormitory suburb, ie one from which people travel elsewhere to work 市内工作者的郊外住宅区. suburban / sE5b\:bEn; sE`b[bEn/ adj 1 of or in a suburb 城郊的; 在郊区的; 城郊住宅区的: a suburban street, shop, newspaper 郊区的街道、商店、报纸. 2 (fig derog 比喻, 贬) limited in outlook; dull or ordinary 见闻不广的; 乏味的; 平淡无奇的: a rather suburban attitude to life 闭目 塞听的生活态度. suburbanite / sE5b\:bEnaIt; sE`b[bE9naIt/ n (infml often derog 口, 常作贬义) person who lives in the suburbs 郊区居民. Suburbia / sE5b\:bIE; sE`b[bIE/ n [U] (esp derog 尤作贬义) (type of life lived by or attitudes held by people who live in the) suburbs 郊区; 郊区人的生活方式或处世态度. subvention / sEb5venFn; sEb`vZnFEn/ n (fml 文) grant of money to support an industry, a theatre company, etc; subsidy （资助工业、戏剧团体等的）补助金, 补贴, 津贴. subversive / sEb5v\:sIv; sEb`v[sIv/ adj ~ (of sth) trying or likely to weaken or destroy a political system, an accepted belief, etc 为削弱或破坏某政治制度、公认的信仰等的; 颠覆性的: subversive propaganda 颠覆性的宣传* a subversive book, speaker, influence 具有煽动性的书、 演讲者、影响* Was her speech subversive (of law and order)? 她讲的话是否（对法治）是破坏 性的? subversive n. subversive person 颠覆分子. subversively adv. subversiveness n. [U]. subvert / sQb5v\:t; sQb`v[t/ v [Tn] 1 destroy the authority of (a political system, religious faith, etc) 颠覆, 破坏（政治制度、宗教信仰等）: subvert the monarchy 推翻君主政体* writings that subvert Christianity 攻击基督教教义的文字. 2 corrupt the morals or loyalty of (sb) 使（某人）道德败坏 或不忠: a diplomat subverted by a foreign power 受外国势力影响而变节的外交官. subversion / sEb5v\:Fn; ?@ -5v\:rVn; sEb`v[VEn/ n [U]. subway / 5sQbweI; `sQb9we/ n 1 underground pedestrian tunnel, esp one beneath a road or railway 地下人行道（尤指公路或铁路下的）: Use the subway to cross the road. 请用地下通道穿越马路. Cf 参看underpass. 2 (US) underground railway in a city 市区地下铁道: travel by subway 乘地铁 * [attrib 作定语] a subway train, station 地铁列车、地铁站. Cf 参看underground2 n, tube 3, Metro. subzero / 9sQb5zIErEU; sQb`zIro/ adj (of temperatures) below zero （指温度）零度以下的: the ,subzero `temperaturesof a Siberian winter 西伯利亚冬季的零下气温. succeed / sEk5si:d; sEk`sid/ v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (in sth/doing sth) do what one is trying to do; achieve thedesired end 成功; 做成; 达到目的: The attack succeeded,and the fort was taken. 这次袭击成功, 拿下了堡垒. * She's absolutely determined to succeed (in life). 她决心要实现自己的（人生）目的. * (saying 谚) If at first you don't succeed, try, try again 若一次不成功, 要再接再厉. * (ironic 反语) I tried to clean the watch, but only succeeded in breaking it. 我想把手表弄乾净, 结果却弄坏了. Cf 参看fail 1. 2 [Tn] come next after (sb/sth) and take his/its place 接替（某人[某事物]）; 继任: Who succeeded Churchill (as Prime Minister)? 继邱吉尔出任（首相）的是谁? * The silence was succeeded by the striking of a clock. 时钟鸣响声打破了寂静. 3 [I, Ipr] ~ (to sth) gain the right to (a title, property, etc) when sb dies 继承（头衔、财产等）: When the king died, his eldest son succeeded (to the throne). 国王死后, 其长子继位.4 (idm 习语) ,nothing suc,ceeds like suc`cess (saying 谚) success often leads to further successes 一事成, 事事成: I won the essay prize, then was offered a scholarship: nothing succeeds like success! 我的作文得了奖, 接著就获得了奖学金, 真是 一顺百顺! success / sEk5ses; sEk`sZs/ n 1 [U] achievement of a desired end, or of fame, wealth or social position; succeeding 成功; 成就; 成名; 发财; 胜利; 达到目的: achieve great success in life 在人 生道路上大有成就* make a success of sth 某事取得成功* The race ended in success for (ie was won by) the Irish horse. 比赛的结果是爱尔兰马获胜. * I haven't had much success in my applications for jobs. 我那些求职信都没怎麽达到目的. 2 [C] person or thing that succeeds 成功 者; 达到目的的人或事物: He wasn't a success as a teacher. 他不是个好教师. * Of her plays, three were successes and one was a failure. 她的剧作有三部成功, 一部失败. 3 (idm 习语) ,nothing suc,ceeds like suc`cess => succeed. a roaring success => roaring (roar). a suc`cess story person or thing that is very successful (esp unexpectedly or in the face of difficulties) 大获成功的人或事物（尤 指意外地或面对困难时）: Her rapid rise to the top has been one of the film industry's most remarkable success stories. 她迅速走红是电影界最杰出的一个事例. successful / -fl; -fEl/ adj having success 获得成功的; 取得成效的; 达到目的的: a successful businesswoman,career, plan 获得成功的女商人、事业、计画* My final attempt to fix it was successful. 我最后这次到底把它修好了. successfully / -fElI; -fElI/ adv. succession / sEk5seFn; sEk`sZFEn/ n 1 [C] number of things or people coming one after the other in time or order; series 一连串的事物; 接二连三的人; 一系列: a succession of wet days, defeats, poor leaders 一个接一个的阴雨天、失败、不称职的领导人. 2 [U] the coming of one thing or person after another in time or order 连续; 接连: the succession of the seasons 四季的交替. 3 [U] (right of) succeeding to a title, the throne, property, etc （头衔、王位、财产等的）继承（权）: Who is first in succession to the throne? 谁是王位的第一继承人? 4 (idm 习语) in suc`cession one after the other 连续（的）; 一个接一个（的）: three victories in (quick) succession 一连三次（迅速） 获得的胜利. successive / sEk5sesIv; sEk`sZsIv/ adj [attrib 作定语] coming one after the other in an unbroken series 连续不断的; 接连的; 一连串的: successive governments, victories, attempts 一个接一个的 政府、胜利、尝试* The school has won five successive games. 该校已连胜五场比赛. successively adv. successor / sEk5sesE(r); sEk`sZsL/ n ~ (to sb/sth) person or thing that comes after and takes the place of (sb/sth) 接替的人或事物; 后继者; 继任者; 继承人: the successor to the throne 王位的继承人 * appoint a successor to the headmaster 任命继任校长* This car is the successor to our popular hatchback model. 这种汽车是我厂著名的带上掀式斜背小轿车的换代产品. Cf 参看 predecessor. succinct / sEk5sINkt; sEk`sINkt/ adj (approv 褒) expressedbriefly and clearly; concise 简明的; 简洁 的; 简要的: a succinct summary of the argument 论点的概要. succinctly adv. succinctness n. [U]. succour (US succor) / 5sQkE(r); `sQkL/ n [U] (fml 文) help given to sb in need or in danger 援助; 援救: bring succour to the sick and wounded 援救伤病员. succour v. [Tn] (fml 文) give such help to (sb) 援助或援救（某人）. succubus / 5sQkjUbEs; `sQkjEbEs/ n (pl succubi / 5sQkjUbaI; `sQkjE9baI/) female demon said to have sexual intercourse with sleeping males 传说中与熟睡的男子性交的女妖. Cf 参看 incubus. succulent / 5sQkjUlEnt; `sQkjElEnt/ adj 1 (approv 褒) (of fruit and meat) juicy and delicious （指水 果及肉类）汁多味美的: a succulent steak, pear, etc 鲜美的牛排、梨等. 2 (of plants) having leaves and stems that are thick and contain a lot of water （指植物）茎叶肥厚含水分多的, 肉质的. succulence / -Ens; -Ens/ n [U]. succulent n. succulent plant, eg a cactus 肉质植物（如仙人掌）. succumb / sE5kQm; sE`kQm/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (to sth) (fml 文) stop resisting (temptation, illness, attack, etc); yield 不再抵抗（诱惑、疾病、攻击等）; 屈从: The city succumbed after only a short siege. 该城受围困仅很短时间就不再抵抗了. * Several children have measles, and the others are bound to succumb (to it). 有几个孩子患了麻疹, 其他孩子也必然传染上. * The driver has succumbed to (ie died of) his injuries. 司机已受伤不治. such / sQtF; sQtF/ det 1 (a) (referring back 用以复指前文) of the kind specified earlier 上述一类 的; （像前面提及的）那样的, 这样的, 如此的: He noticed her necklace. Such jewels must have cost thousands, he thought. 他注意到了她的项链. 他想, 这样的首饰价值一定上千了. * He told them about the job he had left. Such information was just what they needed. 他告诉他们他刚辞去的工作 的情况. 这些情况正是他们需要知道的. * I've been invited to an Asian wedding. What happens on such occasions? 我应邀参加亚洲人的婚礼. 这种婚礼是如何举行的? * He said he hadn't got time or made some such excuse. 他说他没有时间, 或是诸如此类的藉口. * This isn't the only story of starving children. Many such cases are reported every day. 这并非饥饿儿童的唯一事例, 很多类似 报道无日无之. (b) ~ sth as/that... (referring forward 用以预指后文) of the specified kind 下述一类 的; （像后面提及的）那样的, 这样的, 如此的: Such a disaster as her car being stolen had never happened before. 有的祸事, 像她的汽车被盗之类, 以前从未发生过. * Such poets as Keats and Shelley wrote Romantic poetry. 有些诗人, 如济慈和雪莱, 写的是浪漫主义的诗歌. * Such advice as (ie The little advice that) he was given proved almost worthless. 给他提的那类建议简直毫无价值. * The knot was fastened in such a way that it was impossible to undo. 这个结系得那麽紧, 根本解不 开. 2 ~ sth (as/that...) to the specified degree (of importance, worth, etc) （重要性、价值等）达到 （后面提及的）那种程度的: On an occasion such as this (ie as important as this) we are privileged to welcome... 在这样重要的场合, 我们有幸能欢迎... * He showed such concern that people took him to be a relative. 他很关心别人, 因而大家都把他当作亲人. * He's not such a fool as he looks. 他并 不像看上去的那样愚蠢. * It was such a boring speech (that) I fell asleep. 这讲演枯燥无味, 听得我 都睡著了. * I'm afraid I can't remember it was such a long time ago. 很抱歉, 我想不起来了--那是 很久以前的事了. * Such is the influence of TV that it can make a person famous overnight. 电视的 影响力就是这麽大, 可以让人转眼成名. 3 (as an intensifier 用以加强语气) so great; so very (much) 这麽大的; 这样（极其）: She's got such talent. 她有非凡的才能. * We're having such a wonderful time. 我们玩儿得真痛快. * Baby giraffes seem to have such long legs. 小长颈鹿的腿显 得格外长. * I've had such a shock. 我震惊得不得了. * Why are you in such a hurry? 你为什麽这样 匆忙? such pron 1 person or thing of a specified kind 某类的人或事物. (a) (referring back 用以复指前文): Cricket was boring. Such (ie That) was her opinion before meeting Ian. 打板球没意思. 她在认识伊 恩以前就是这种看法. * She's a competent leader and has always been regarded as such by her colleagues. 她是个很有能力的领导人, 她的同事一向都是这样认为的. (b) ~ as to do sth; ~ that... (referring forward 用以预指后文): The pain in her foot wasn't such as to stop her walking. 她脚疼, 但还不至于不能行走. * The damage was such that it would cost too much money to repair. 损坏得 很严重, 要用很多钱才能修好. 2 (idm 习语) as such as the word is usually understood; in the strict sense of the word 按照某词通用的词义; 根据某词严格的词义: The new job is not a promotion as such but it brings good prospects for the future. 这一新的工作, 严格说来并不算提升, 不过以后很有发展前途. * I can't call my book a best seller as such but it's very popular. 我不敢说我 的书是畅销书, 但可以说很受欢迎. such as (a) like; for example 像; 诸如; 例如: Wild flowers such as orchids and primroses are becoming rare. 兰花和报春花之类的野花越来越少了. (b) everything that 凡是: Such as remains after tax will be yours when I die. 我死以后全部财产除了交 税以外都给你. ,such as it `is (used to apologize for the poor quality of sth 用以对某物质量不好表 示歉意): You're welcome to join us for supper, such as it is we're only having soup and bread. 欢迎 你和我们一起吃晚饭, 只是没什麽好吃的--只有汤和面包. such-and-such pron, det (thing) of a particular but unspecified type 某种未具体指明的（事物）: Always say at the start of an application that you're applying for such-and-such (a job) because... 在求职信的开头一定 要说明你要求某某工作, 理由是.... suchlike / 5sQtFlaIk; `sQtF9laIk/ pron, det (things) of the same kind 同类的（事物）: You can buy string, glue, paper-clips and suchlike (items) at the corner shop. 在街角小店里可以买到细绳、胶 水、回形针之类的东西. suck / sQk; sQk/ v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] (a) draw (liquid or air, etc) into the mouth by using the lip muscles （用嘴）吸（液体或气体等）; 吮吸; 啜; 嘬: suck the juice from an orange 吸橙子的汁 * suck the poison out (of a wound) 吸出（伤口的）毒液* suck milk through a straw 用吸管吸牛奶 喝. =>illus at blow 见blow 插图. (b) (of a pump, etc) draw (liquid or air, etc) out of sth （指泵等） 抽出（液体或气体等）: The pump sucks air out (of the vessel) through this valve. 这台泵通过这个 阀门把（容器中的）空气抽出. * plants that suck up moisture from the soil 从土壤中吸收水分的植 物. 2 [Tn, Cn.a] draw liquid from (sth) 从（某物）中吸出液体: a baby sucking its mother's breast 正在吃母乳的孩子* suck an orange dry 把橙子吸乾. 3 [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (away) (at/on sth) perform the action of sucking sth 吸食或吮吸某物: The baby sucked (away) (at its bottle) contentedly. 那婴 儿舒适地嘬著（奶瓶）. * The old man was sucking at his pipe. 那老汉正在吸著烟斗. * Suck on the tube to draw up the water. 用管子把水吸上来. 4 [Tn] squeeze or roll (sth) with the tongue while holding it in the mouth 将（某物）含在嘴里: suck a toffee 含著太妃糖* a child that sucks its thumb 吮吸拇指的孩子. 5 (idm 习语) milk/suck sb/sth dry => dry1. teach one's grandmother to suck eggs => teach. 6 (phr v) suck sb in/into sth (usu passive 通常用于被动语态) involve sb in (a scandal, an argument, etc), usu unwillingly 将某人卷入（丑闻、争论等）之中（通常为不情愿者）: I don't want to get sucked into the row about school reform. 我不愿意牵扯到这场学制改革的争论之中. suck sb/sth under, into, etc sth; suck sb/sth down, in, etc pull sb/sth down, under, etc with great force of water or air （以水或气体的巨大吸力）把某人[某物]吞没: The canoe was sucked (down) into the whirlpool. 那独木舟卷进漩涡里了. * Dangerous currents can suck swimmers under. 险急的水流能 把游泳的人吞没. suck up (to sb) (derog sl 贬, 俚) try to please sb by flattering, helping him, etc 奉 承或巴结某人; 拍某人马屁: She sucks up to him by agreeing with everything he says. 她巴结他, 他说什麽话她都同意. suck n. act of sucking 吸; 吮吸; 啜; 咂: have/take a suck (at sth) 吮吸（某物）. sucking-pig n. young pig still taking its mother's milk 乳猪 ; 还在吃奶的小猪. sucker / 5sQkE(r); `sQkL/ n 1 (a) organ of certain animals that enables them to stick to a surface by suction （某些动物的）吸盘: An octopus has suckers on its tentacles 章鱼的腕足上有吸盘. (b) concave (usu rubber) disc that sticks to a surface by suction, and is used eg to attach things to a wall 凹面吸盘（通常用橡胶制成, 可藉吸力附著于平面上, 如用以将物件固著于墙上）. 2 shoot growing from the roots of a tree, shrub, etc 从树等的根部长出的新枝; 根出条. 3 (infml 口) person who is easily deceived 容易受骗的人: all the suckers who bought these worthless shares 购 买这些不值钱的股票的那群外行. 4 ~ for sb/sth (infml 口) person who cannot resist sb/sth or is very fond of sb/sth 抵挡不住某人[某事物]的人; 极喜爱某人[某事物]的人: I've always been a sucker for romantic movies. 我一向非常喜欢传奇性的影片. suckle / 5sQkl; `sQkl/ v [Tn] feed (a baby or young animal) with milk from the breast or udder 给（婴 儿或小动物）喂奶=>illus at cow 见 cow 插图. suckling / 5sQklIN; `sQklIN/ n (idm 习语) out of the mouths of babes and sucklings => mouth1. sucrose / 5su:krEUz, -rEUs; `su9kroz, -ros/ n [U] sugar obtained from sugar-cane and sugar-beet 蔗糖; 甜菜糖. suction / 5sQkFn; `sQkFEn/ n [U] removal of air to create a partial vacuum, used for making two surfaces stick together or for sucking in liquid, dust, etc by means of air pressure 吸; 抽吸: Some pumps and all vacuum cleaners work by suction. 有些泵和所有的真空吸尘器都是藉吸力工作的. * Flies' feet stick to surfaces by suction. 苍蝇的脚藉吸力可附著于物体表面上. * [attrib 作定语] a suction pump, pad 抽气泵、垫. sudden / 5sQdn; `sQdn/ adj 1 happening, coming or done quickly and unexpectedly 迅速而意外地 发生、出现或做出的; 突然的: a sudden decision, arrival, increase 突然的决定、到达、增加 * a sudden turn in the road 路上的急转弯* Your marriage was very sudden. Have you thought things over properly? 你结婚太突然了. 都考虑好了吗? 2 (idm 习语) ,all of a `sudden unexpectedly 突 然; 出乎意料地: All of a sudden, the tyre burst. 轮胎突然爆裂了. ,sudden `death deciding the result of a drawn or tied game by playing one more point or game （因胜负未决而延长比赛）加赛一分或 一场以决胜负: [attrib 作定语] a ,sudden-death `play-off 先得分者即为胜方的加时赛. suddenly adv: The end came quite suddenly. 结局来得很突然. * Suddenly, everyone started shouting and singing. 突然间, 大家都喊起来、唱起来了. suddenness n. [U]. suds / sQdz; sQdz/ n [pl] 1 mass of tiny bubbles on soapy water （肥皂水上的）泡沫. 2 (US infml 口) beer 啤酒. sudsy adj: sudsy water 有肥皂泡沫的水. sue / su:; also, in British use, 英式英语读作sju:; su/ v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sb) (for sth) make a legal claim (against sb) 控告（某人）; （对某人）提起诉讼: If you don't complete the work, I will sue you (for damages), ie for money to compensate for my loss. 你不把工作做完, 我就控告你（要你付 损害赔偿金）. 2 [Ipr] ~ for sth (fml 文) formally ask for sth, often in a lawcourt 请求（常于法庭 上）: sue for peace 请求和解* a prisoner suing for mercy 请求饶恕的囚犯* sue for a divorce 要 求离婚. suede / sweId; swed/ n [U] type of soft leather with one side rubbed so that it has a soft roughened surface 绒面革; 仿麂皮: [attrib 作定语] a suede coat, dress, etc 绒面革的大衣、连衣裙等 * suede shoes 绒面革皮鞋. suet / 5su:It; also, in British use, 英式英语读作5sju:It;`suIt/ [U] hard fat from round the kidneys of cattle and sheep, used in cooking （牛羊腰肾部的）硬脂肪油（烹调用）: [attrib 作定语] a suet pudding, ie one made with flour and suet 牛羊脂肪油布丁. suety adj. like or containing (much) suet 像牛羊脂肪油的; 含（大量）牛羊脂肪油的. suffer / 5sQfE(r); `sQfL/ v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (from/with/for sth) feel pain, discomfort, great sorrow, etc 感 到疼痛、不适、悲伤等; 受苦; 吃苦头: Do you suffer from (ie often have) headaches? 你常头痛 吗? * She's suffering from loss of memory. 她患有遗忘症. * He suffers terribly with (ie is pained by) his feet. 他的脚痛得不得了. * He made a rash decision now he's suffering for it. 他做决定太仓促 --现在可吃到苦头了. * Think how much the parents of the kidnapped boy must have suffered. 那个 男孩儿给拐走了, 想想看他父母得多伤心哪. 2 [Tn] experience or undergo (sth unpleasant) 经历 或遭受（不愉快之事）: suffer pain, torture, defeat 遭受痛苦、折磨、失败* We suffered huge losses in the financial crisis. 我们在金融危机中损失惨重. 3 [I] become worse; lose quality 变坏; 变差; 变糟: Your studies will suffer if you play too much football. 你要是总踢足球, 功课就糟了. * Her business suffered (eg made less profit) when she was ill. 她患病时, 生意受到了影响. 4 [Tn] (fml 文) tolerate (sth); stand 忍受, 容忍（某事物）; 经得起: How can you suffer such insolence? 你 怎能忍受这样的侮辱呢? 5 (idm 习语) not/never suffer `fools gladly not be patient with people whom one considers to be foolish 对自己认为很笨的人缺乏耐心: an arrogant, impatient woman who doesn't suffer fools gladly 不愿与笨人为伍的高傲而无耐性的女子. sufferer / 5sQfErE(r); `sQfErL/ n person who suffers 受苦者; 受难者; 受害者; 患病者: arthritis sufferers 关节炎患者. suffering / 5sQfErIN; `sQfErIN/ n 1 [U] pain of body or mind （肉体或内心的）痛苦: There is so much suffering in this world. 这个世界上多灾多难. 2 sufferings [pl] feelings of pain, unhappiness, etc 痛苦、不幸等的感觉; 苦恼; 折磨: the sufferings of the starving refugees 饥饿中的难民所受 的折磨. sufferance / 5sQfErEns; `sQfErEns/ n [U] (idm 习语) on `sufferance tolerated but not actually wanted 得到别人勉强地容忍: He's here on sufferance. 他是勉强获准留在此地的. suffice / sE5faIs; sE`faIs/ v 1 [I, Ipr, It, Tn no passive 不用于被动语态] ~ (for sb/sth) (not in the continuous tenses 不用于进行时态) (fml 文) be enough (for sb/sth); be adequate 能满足（某人[某 事物]）之需要的; 足够的: Will 10 suffice for the trip? 这趟行程10 英镑够用吗? * One warning sufficed to stop her doing it. 给她一次警告就足以制止她做那件事了. * A light lunch should suffice me. 有一点儿午饭就够我吃了. 2 (idm 习语) suffice it to say (that)... (used to suggest that even though one could say more, what one does say should be enough to show what one means 用以指不 必多说, 只须说...就够了): I won't go into all the depressing details; suffice it to say that the whole affair was an utter disaster. 我不必细说那些让人听了难受的事, 只说一句就够了, 整件事是个惨 祸. sufficient / sE5fIFnt; sE`fIFEnt/ adj ~ (for sth/sb) enough 足够的; 充足的: sufficient money, time, fuel 足够的钱、时间、燃料* Is 10 sufficient for your expenses? 10 英镑够你用的吗? * Do we have sufficient (food) for ten people? 我们有够十个人吃的（食物）吗? sufficiency / -nsI; -nsI/ n ~ of sth [sing] (fml 文) sufficient quantity of sth 足量; 充足: a sufficiency of fuel for the winter 足够过冬的燃料. sufficiently adv: not sufficiently careful 不够细心. suffix / 5sQfIks; `sQfIks/ n letter or group of letters added at the end of a word to make another word, eg -y added to rust to make rusty, or as an inflexion, eg -en in oxen 后缀, 词尾（加在词尾的字母, 用以构成新词, 如将 y 加在 rust 字后构成 rusty, 或用作屈折成分, 如 oxen 字中的 en）. Cf 参看 prefix. suffocate / 5sQfEkeIt; `sQfE9ket/ v 1 [I, Tn] (cause sb to) die as a result of not being able to breathe （使某人）窒息而死; （将某人）闷死: Passengers suffocated in the burning aircraft. 乘客在燃烧 的飞机中窒息死亡. * The fireman was suffocated by the fumes. 那个消防队员让浓烟憋死了. 2 [I] have difficulty in breathing 呼吸困难; 窒息: I'm suffocating in here; can't we open a few windows? 我觉得这儿很憋气, 咱们开几扇窗户好吗? suffocating adj. causing difficulty in breathing 使人呼吸困难的; 使人窒息的: the suffocating heat of a tropical night 热带地区晚间窒闷的炎热 * (fig 比喻) a suffocating bureaucracy, ie one which prevents freedom of action 压制自由的官僚政治. suffocation / 9sQfE5keIFn; 9sQfE`keFEn/ n [U]. suffragan / 5sQfrEgEn; `sQfrE-En/ adj [attrib 作定语] (ofa bishop) appointed to help another bishop by managingpart of his diocese （指主教）被任命协助另一主教管理部分教区的; 副主教的; 副监 督的. suffragan n. suffragan bishop 副主教; 副监督. suffrage / 5sQfrIdV; `sQfrIdV/ n [U] right to vote in political elections （政治性选举的）选举权, 投 票权: universal suffrage, ie the right of all adults to vote 普选权（成年人均有的投票权） * Women had to fight for their suffrage. 妇女须为享有选举权而斗争. suffragette / 9sQfrE5dVet; 9sQfrE`dVZt/ n member of a group of women who, in the early part of the 20th century, campaigned in Britain for women's suffrage *20 世纪初英国为争取妇女选举权而 开展斗争的妇女团体之成员. suffuse / sE5fju:z; sE`fjuz/ v [Tn, Tn.pr esp passive 尤用于被动语态] ~ sth (with sth) (esp of colour or moisture) spread all over sth （尤指颜色或水气）弥漫于某物, 布满, 充满: A blush suffused his cheeks. 他瞬间满脸通红. * The evening sky was suffused with crimson. 黄昏时分天空红霞灿灿. suffusion / sE5fju:Vn; sE`fjuVEn/ n [U]. sugar / 5FUgE(r); `FJ-L/ n 1 (a) [U] sweet substance obtained from the juices of various plants, used in cooking and for sweetening tea, coffee, etc 食糖: Don't eat too much sugar. 糖不要吃得太多. * Do you take sugar? ie Do you have it in your tea, etc? 你要放糖吗（你喝茶等加糖吗）? * [attrib 作 定语] a sugar plantation, refinery, bowl 糖料作物种植园、炼糖厂、糖罐. (b) [C] cube or teaspoonful of sugar 一块方糖; 一茶匙糖: Two sugars in my coffee, please! 请在我的咖啡里放两 块方糖! 2 (infml 口esp US) (used as a form of address to sb one likes 用作亲热的称呼语): Hello, sugar, nice to see you! 喂, 亲爱的, 见到你真高兴! sugar v. [Tn] 1 sweeten or coat (sth) with sugar 在（某物）中加糖; 给（某物）裹上糖衣: Is this tea sugared? 这茶放糖了吗? * sugared almonds 糖衣杏仁. 2 (idm 习语) ,sugar/,sweeten the `pill => pill. sugary / 5FUgErI; `FJ-ErI/ adj 1 tasting of sugar; sweet 甜的; 含糖的: sugary tea 甜茶. 2 (fig derog 比喻, 贬) too sentimental or flattering 甜情蜜意的; 甜言蜜语的: a sugary love scene in a film 电影中柔情蜜意的爱情场面. sugariness n. [U]. sugar-beet n. [U] vegetable from whose large round roots sugar is made 甜菜; 糖萝卜. sugar-cane n. [U] tall tropical grass from which sugar is made 甘蔗. sugar-coated adj. 1 coated with sugar 有糖衣的; 裹糖的. 2 (fig derog 比喻, 贬) made to seem attractive 巧为粉饰的; 表面上吸引人的: a ,sugar-coated `promise 甜言蜜语的许诺. sugar-daddy n. (infml 口) rich man who is generous to a younger woman, usu in return for sexual favours 对年轻女子慷慨的阔男子（通常为换取性方面的好处）. sugar-lump n. small cube of sugar, used to sweeten tea, coffee, etc 方糖. sugar-maple n. N American maple tree, the sap of which is used to make sugar and syrup 糖槭（产 于北美洲, 树汁可制糖和糖浆）. sugar-tongs n. [pl] small tongs for picking up lumps of sugar at table （餐桌上用的）方糖夹子: a pair of sugar-tongs 一把方糖夹子. suggest / sE5dVest; ?@ sEg5dV-; sE-`dVZst/ v 1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tf, Tw, Tg, Cn.n/a] ~ sb (for sth); ~ sb/sth (as sth) put sth/sb forward for consideration 提出某事物[某人]供考虑; 提议; 建议: I suggest a tour of the museum. 我提议去参观博物馆. * Whom would you suggest for the job? 你建议由谁 来做这工作? * I wrote suggesting that he should come for the weekend. 我写信请他来度周末. * Can you suggest how we might tackle the problem? 我们怎样处理这问题, 你能给出个主意吗? * He suggested taking the children to the zoo. 他提议带孩子们去动物园. * I suggest Paris as a good place for a honeymoon. 我提议去巴黎, 那是度蜜月的好去处. (b) [Dn.pr, Dpr.f, Dpr.w] ~ sth to sb propose sth to sb 向某人提议某事物: What did you suggest to the manager? 你向经理提了什麽建 议? * I suggested to him that we should tackle the problem another way. 我向他建议我们用另一种 方式处理这个问题. 2 [Tn, Tf, Dn.pr, Dpr.f] ~ sth (to sb) put (an idea, etc) into sb's mind 使某人想 到（某事物）: Which illness do these symptoms suggest (to you)? 这些症状（照你看来）像是什麽 病? * His cool response suggested that he didn't like the idea. 他反应冷淡表明他并不喜欢这个主意. 3 [Tn, Tf] state (sth) indirectly; imply 间接表明（某事物）; 暗示; 意味著: `Are you suggesting that I'm not telling the truth?' `I wouldn't suggest such a thing for a moment.' ｀你的意思是不是说我没 说实话?＇｀我没有那个意思.＇ 4 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ itself (to sb) come into sb's mind; occur to sb 出现 在心头; 想到: I tried to think what could have happened, but nothing suggested itself. 我尽力回想到 底出了什麽事, 但什麽也想不起来. * An idea suggests itself to me. 我想起一个主意来. suggestible / -Ebl; -Ebl/ adj easily influenced 易受影响的: I did many stupid things when I was young and suggestible. 我年轻时受外界的影响做过不少傻事. suggestibility / sE9dVestE5bIlEtI; ?@ sEg9dV-; sEg9dVZstE`bIlEtI/ n [U]. suggestive / -Iv; -Iv/ adj 1 ~ (of sth) putting particular ideas or associations into sb's mind 提示的; 暗示的; 引起联想的: an aroma suggestive of spring flowers 使人想起春天的花朵的一种香气 * a complex, suggestive poem 意蕴很深的、予人以丰富联想的诗篇. 2 making sb think of improper (esp sexual) things 使人产生邪念（尤指淫乱思想）的: He gave her a suggestive glance, and she blushed. 他用挑逗的目光看了她一眼, 羞得她满脸通红. suggestively adv. suggestion / sE5dVestFEn; ?@ sEg5dV-; sE-`dVZstFEn/ n 1 [U] suggesting (suggest1) or being suggested 提议; 建议: On/At your suggestion (ie Because you suggested it) I bought the more expensive model. 遵照你的建议, 我买了较贵的这种型号. 2 [C] ~ (that...) idea, plan, etc or person that is suggested 提议或建议的内容（主意、计画、人选等）: I want suggestions about what to do today. 今天做什麽, 我想听听有何意见. * Janet was my first suggestion as chairperson. 珍妮 特是我推荐可任主席的第一人选. * There's no suggestion that she should resign, ie That would be completely unthinkable. 没有任何迹象显示她要辞职. 3 [C usu sing 通常作单数] slight amount (of sth that can be detected) 微量; 徵象: speak English with the suggestion of a French accent 说英 语稍带法国口音. 4 [U] putting an idea, etc into sb's mind through linking it to other ideas, pictures, etc 暗示; 联想: Most advertisements work through suggestion. 广告多通过启发人的联想力而发挥 作用. suicide / 5su:IsaId; also, in British use, 英式英语读作5sju:I-; `suE9saId/ n 1 (a) [U] killing oneself intentionally 自杀: commit suicide 自杀* four cases of suicide 四起自杀案件. (b) [C] act of this 自杀行为: three suicides in one week 一周中的三起自杀事件. 2 [C] person who commits suicide 自杀者. 3 [U] (fig 比喻) any action that may have serious consequences for oneself 给自己带来严 重后果的行为: political suicide, ie action by a politician that will ruin his career 政治上的自杀（政 治家自毁前程）* economic suicide, eg adopting policies that will ruin the economy 经济上的自杀 （如施行导致经济崩溃的政策）. suicidal / 9su:I5saIdl; also, in British use, 英式英语读作9sju:I-; 9suE`saIdl/ adj 1 of suicide; likely to lead to suicide 自杀的; 可能导致自杀的: suicidal tendencies 自杀倾向* in a suicidal state 处于可能自杀的状态. 2 (of a person) likely to commit suicide （指人）有自杀倾向的: She's feeling suicidal today. 她今天想自杀. 3 likely to lead to one's ruin 可能导致自我毁灭的: a suicidal policy 自取灭亡的政策. suicidally / -dElI; -dlI/ adv: suicidally depressed 抑郁消沉得想自杀. suit / su:t; also, in British use, 英式英语读作sju:t; sut/ n 1 (a) set of outer garments of the same material, usu a jacket and trousers for a man and a jacket and skirt for a woman （同一料子的）一套 外衣（通常指男子的短上衣和裤子, 或女子的短上衣和裙子）: a `business suit 一套西装 * a ,pin-stripe `lounge suit 一套细条纹西装* a ,two-/,three-piece `suit, ie of two/three garments 两 [三]件式套装* a `dress suit, ie a man's formal evening suit 男子的晚礼服* a `trouser-suit, ie a woman's suit of jacket and trousers 长裤套装（包括短上衣和裤子的女装）. (b) set of clothing for a particular activity （为某活动的）套装: a `spacesuit 宇航服* a `diving suit 潜水服 * an as`bestos suit, eg to protect sb from heat 石棉服（如用以隔热）* a ,suit of `armour 一套盔甲. 2 any of the four sets (ie spades, hearts, clubs, diamonds) forming a pack of playing-cards （组成一副纸牌的）四 种花色（即黑桃、红桃、梅花、方块）的牌中的任何一种. =>illus at playing-card 见playing-card 插图. 3 (also `lawsuit) case in a lawcourt; legal proceedings 诉讼案件; 法律程序: file/bring a suit against sb 对某人提起诉讼* a criminal/civil suit 刑事[民事]诉讼* a divorce suit 离婚诉讼. 4 (fml 文) request made to a person in authority, esp a ruler （向权威人物, 尤指当权者提的）请求, 恳求: grant sb's suit 答应某人的请求* press one's suit, ie beg persistently 执意恳求. 5 (idm 习 语) follow suit => follow. in one's birthday suit => birthday. one's/sb's strong suit => strong. -suited ( forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) wearing a suit of the specified kind 穿著 一套某类服装的: sober-suited city businessmen. suiting n. [U] material for making suits 套装衣料: serge suiting 哔叽套装衣料. suitcase n. case with flat sides, used for carrying clothes, etc when travelling 手提衣箱; 小提箱. =>illus at luggage 见 luggage 插图. suit / su:t; also, in British use, 英式英语读作sju:t; sut/ v 1 [Tn] (esp of clothes, hairstyles, etc) look attractive on (sb) （尤指衣服、发型等）适合于（某人）: Does this skirt suit me? 这裙子我 穿著好看吗? * It doesn't suit you to have your hair cut short. 你不适合剪短发. * That colour doesn't suit your complexion. 那颜色不适合你的肤色.2 (a) [I, Tn] be convenient for or acceptable to (sb) 对（某人）方便; 合（某人）的心意: Will Thursday suit (you)? 星期四（对你）方便吗? * The seven o'clock train will suit us very well. 七点钟那一班火车对我们很合适. * If you want to go by bus, that suits me fine. 你要是想坐公共汽车去, 那对我很方便. * Would it suit you to come at five? 你 五点钟来行吗? (b) [Tn] (usu in negative sentences 通常用于否定句) be right or beneficial for (sb/sth) 对（某人[某事物]）合适或有利: This climate doesn't suit me. 这种气候对我很不相宜. * Very spicy food doesn't suit my stomach, ie makes me feel ill. 太辣的东西我吃了胃部不舒服. 3 [Tn] ~ one`self (infml 口) act according to one's own wishes 随自己的意愿行事: You don't want to join the club? Oh well, suit yourself. 你不愿意参加俱乐部是吗? 那好, 随你的便吧. 4 [Tn.pr] ~ sth to sth/sb make sth appropriate for sth/sb; adapt sth to sth/sb 使某事物适合于某事物[某人]: suit the punishment to the crime 使罚当其罪* suit the play to the audience 使话剧迎合观众的口味. 5 (idm 习语) suit one's/sb's book (infml 口) be convenient or acceptable to sb 对某人方便; 合某人 的心意: It suits my book if I never have to go there again. 若是我再也不用去那里了, 那真是求之 不得呢. suit sb ,down to the `ground (infml 口) be very convenient or appropriate for sb 对某人非常 方便或合适: I've found a job that suits me down to the ground. 我找到了一份工作, 对我再合适不 过了. suited adj. [pred 作表语] ~ (for/to sb/sth) suitableor appropriate (for sb/sth) 适合（于某人[某事 物]）: He is better suited to a job with older pupils. 他较适合教小学高年级学生. * He and his wife are well suited (to each other). 他和妻子十分般配. suitable / 5su:tEbl; also, in British use, 英式英语读作5sju:t-; `sutEbl/ adj ~ (for/to sth/sb) right or appropriatefor a purpose or an occasion 适合的; 适宜的; 恰当的: a suitable room, book, proposal, date 合适的房间、书、建议、日期* clothes suitable for cold weather 适于冷天穿的衣服 * a place suitable for a picnic 适合野餐的地方 * a suitable case for (eg surgical, psychiatric, etc) treatment 适于（如外科、精神病等）治疗的病人* Would now be a suitable moment to show the slides? 现在放幻灯片合适吗? suitability / 9su:tE5bIlEtI; 9sutE`bIlEtI/, suitableness ns [U]. suitably / -EblI; -EblI/ adv: go to a party suitably dressed 穿著得体去参加聚会. en suite / 9Cn 5swi:t; Bn`swit/ (French 法) (of rooms, etc) forming a single unit （指房间等）构成独 立单元: Each bedroom in the hotel has a bathroom en suite. 该旅馆每间卧室都有一洗澡间自成一 套. suite / swi:t; swit/ n 1 set of matching pieces of furniture 一套家具: a three-piece suite, eg two armchairs and a sofa 三件一套的家具（如两张单座沙发和一张长沙发）* a dining-room suite, ie a table, chairs, and often a sideboard 一套饭厅用的家具（一张桌子, 几把椅子, 常包括餐具柜）. 2 (a) set of rooms, eg (in a hotel) a bedroom, sitting-room and bathroom 一套房间, 套间（如旅馆的） （包括卧室、起居室和浴室等）: the honeymoon/bridal suite, ie for a honeymoon couple in a hotel 蜜月[新婚]套间（旅馆中专为新婚夫妇设的）. (b) (US) apartment; flat 一套公寓. 3 complete set of objects used together 一套物件: a suite of programs for a computer 计算机的一组程序. 4 (music 音) piece of music consisting of three or more related parts 组曲（由至少三个相关乐章组成 的）. 5 group of people attending an important person, eg a ruler; retinue （一批）随员, 随从, 侍 从. suitor / 5su:tE(r); also, in British use, 英式英语读作5sju:-; `sutL/ n (dated 旧) man courting a woman 追求某女子的人: She had rejected all her many suitors. 她拒绝了所有追求她的人. sulfate ( US) = sulphate. sulfur ( US) = sulphur. sulk / sQlk; sQlk/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (about/over sth) (derog 贬) be silent or unsociable as a result of bad temper or resentment （因发脾气）不答理人; 生闷气: He's been sulking for days about being left out of the team. 他嗔怪队里没要他, 连日生著闷气. the sulks n. [pl] (infml 口) fit of sulking 生闷气: have (a fit of) the sulks 生（一阵）闷气. sulky adj. (-ier, -iest) having or showing a tendency to sulk 生闷气的: a sulky person, look, mood 生著闷气的人、样子、心情. sulkily / -IlI; -IlI/ adv. sulkiness n. [U]. sullen / 5sQlEn; `sQlEn/ adj (derog 贬) 1 silent, bad-tempered and gloomy 不答理人的; 脾气坏的; 闷闷不乐的: a sullen person, look 郁郁寡欢的人、样子* All my attempts to amuse the children were met with sullen scowls. 我想尽办法哄这些孩子玩儿, 但是他们总是满脸不高兴. 2 (esp rhet 尤作修辞) dark and gloomy; dismal 阴沉的; 阴郁的: a sullen sky 阴沉的天空. sullenly adv. sullenness n. [U]. sully / 5sQlI; `sQlI/ v (pt, pp sullied) [Tn] (fml or rhet usu fig 文或修辞, 通常作比喻) make (sth) dirty; stain; ruin or destroy (sb's reputation, etc) 弄脏（某物）; 玷污或破坏（某人的名声等）: I wouldn't sully my hands by acceptinga bribe. 我决不接受贿赂, 一尘不染. * sully sb's name, honour, etc 玷污某人的名声、荣誉等. sulpha drug (US sulfa drug) / 5sQlfE drQg; `sQlfE9drQ-/ = sulphonamide. sulphate (US sulfate) / 5sQlfeIt; `sQlfet/ n [C, U] compound of sulphuric acid and another chemical 硫酸盐; 硫酸酯: copper sulphate 硫酸铜. sulphide (US sulfide) / 5sQlfaId; `sQlfaId/ n [C, U] compound of sulphur and another element 硫化 物. sulphonamide (US sulfonamide, sulpha drug) / sQl5fCnEmaId; sQl`fBnEmaId/ n any of a group of chemical compounds which are used to kill bacteria 磺胺类药. sulphur (US sulfur) / 5sQlfE(r); `sQlfL/ n [U] chemical element, a light-yellow non-metallic solid that burns with a bright flame and a strong smell, used in medicine and industry 硫; 硫磺. =>App 10 见附录 10. sulphuretted (US sulfuretted) / 5sQlfjUretId; `sQlfjJrZtId/adj [attrib 作定语] (of a compound) containing sulphur （指化合物）硫化的: sulphuretted hydrogen, ie hydrogen sulphide 硫化氢. sulphuric (US sulfuric) / sQl5fjUErIk; sQl`fjJrIk/ adj containing a proportion of sulphur 含硫的. sulphuric acid type of very strong corrosive acid 硫酸. sulphurous (US sulfurous) / 5sQlfErEs; `sQlfErEs/ adj 1 of or like sulphur （似）硫的: a sulphurous smell coming from the laboratory 实验室散发出来的硫磺气味 * the volcano's sulphurous fumes 火山冒出的硫化蒸气. 2 containing a proportion of sulphur 含硫的. sultan / 5sQltEn; `sQltn/ n sovereign ruler of certain Muslim countries 苏丹（某些穆斯林国家的最高 统治者）: the Sultan of Brunei 文莱国的苏丹. sultanate / 5sQltEneIt; `sQltnet/ n 1 position or period of rule of a sultan 苏丹的地位或统治期. 2 territory ruled by a sultan 苏丹统治的领土: the Sultanate of Oman 阿曼国苏丹统治的领土. sultana / sQl5tB:nE; ?@ -AnE; sQl`tAnE/ n 1 small seedless raisin used in puddings and cakes 一种 无子的小葡萄乾（做布丁和糕饼用）. 2 wife, mother, sister or daughter of a sultan 苏丹的女眷（妻 室、母亲、姐妹或女儿）. sultry / 5sQltrI; `sQltrI/ adj (-ier, -iest) 1 (of the weather, air, etc) oppressively hot and humid （指天 气、空气等）湿热难耐的, 闷热的: a sultry summer afternoon 夏天的一个闷热的下午. 2 (of a woman or her looks) darkly and sensually beautiful （指女子或其神态）隐现肉体美的: a sultry smile 迷人的微笑* a sultry Mexican beauty 标致的墨西哥美人. sultrily / -trElI; -trIlI/ adv. sultriness n. [U]. sum / sQm; sQm/ n 1 [C often pl 常作复数] arithmetical calculation 算术: do a sum in one's head 做心算* be good at sums 擅长算术. 2 [C] ~ (of sth) amount of money 金额; 款项: He was fined the sum of 200. 他被处以200 英镑罚金. * Huge sums have been invested in this project. 在这个项 目中投入了大量资金. 3 (a) [C usu sing 通常作单数] ~ (of sth) total obtained by adding together numbers, amounts or items 总数; 总和: The sum of 5 and 3 is 8. 5 加3 的和是8. (b) [sing] (also ,sum `total) the ~ of sth all of sth, esp when it is considered as not being enough 总共, 全部（尤含数量不 足之意）: Is that the sum of what you've done in the last two years? 这就是你最近两年中完成的全 部数量吗? 4 (idm 习语) in `sum (dated 旧) in a few words 简言之; 总而言之: In sum, the plan failed. 总之, 计画告吹了. sum v. (-mm-) (phr v) sum (sth) up (a) give a brief summary (of sth) 总结, 概括（某事物）: Now sum up (your views) in a few words. 现在（把你的观点）用几句话来概括一下. (b) (of a judge) summarize the evidence or arguments in a legal case （指法官）归纳证词或双方论点. sum sb/sth up form an opinion of sb/sth 形成对某人[某事物]的看法: I summed her up as a competent manager. 我 认为她是个很能干的经理. * He summed up the situation at a glance, ie realized at once what was happening. 他一眼就看清了当时的情况. ,summing-`up n (pl summings-up) speech in which a judge sums up the evidence or arguments in a legal case （讼案中法官对证词或辩论情况做的）概述. sum total 1 final total, esp as formed by adding other totals together 总数, 总额（尤指各总数相加的）. 2 = sum 3b. summary / 5sQmErI; `sQmErI/ n 1 brief statement of themain points of sth 总结; 摘要; 概要: a two-page summaryof a government report 共两页的政府报告摘要 * Here is a summary of the news/a news summary. 以下是新闻摘要. 2 (idm 习语) in `summary as a brief statement of the main point(s) 总的说来; 归纳起来: And so I would say, in summary, that the campaign has been a great success. 因此我认为, 总的看来, 这场运动成绩很大. summary adj. [usu attrib 通常作定语] 1 (sometimes derog 有时作贬义) done or given immediately, without attention to details or formal procedure 即刻作出或给予的（未顾及细节或正 常程序）: summary justice, punishment, methods 即决裁判、当场的处罚、简易的方法* Such an offence will lead to a summary fine. 这类过错要当场予以罚款. 2 giving the main points only; brief 概括的; 扼要的; 简明的: a summary account of a long debate 对一长时的辩论的概述. summarily / 5sQmErElI; ?@ sE5merElI; sE`mZrElI/ adv: summarily dismissed 立即开除. summarize, summarise / 5sQmEraIz; `sQmE9raIz/ v [I, Tn] be or make a summary of (sth) 总结, 概括（某事物）: a talk summarizing recent trends in philosophy 概述当前哲学界动态的讲话. summation / sQ5meIFn; sQm`eFEn/ n (fml 文) 1 summing-up; summary 总结; 概括: begin a summation of the evidence presented 对提供的证词进行总结. 2 addition 加（法）: do a rapid summation of the figures 把数字很快加起来. 3 gathering together of different parts to form a representative whole （各部分聚集一起而形成的）有代表性的整体: The exhibition was a summation of his life's work. 这次展览汇集了他一生中典型的作品. summer / 5sQmE(r); `sQmL/ n [U, C] 1 the second and warmest season of the year outside the tropics, coming between spring and autumn, ie from June to August inthe northern hemisphere 夏; 夏 天; 夏季: In (the) summerwe go on holiday. 夏天我们常去度假. * in the summer of 1979 在1979 年的夏季* this/next/last summer 今年[明年/去年]夏天* a cool, hot, wet, etc summer 凉爽的、 炎热的、多雨的... 夏天* a lovely summer's day 夏日晴朗的一天 * (rhet 修辞) a girl of ten summers, ie ten years of age 十岁的女孩儿 * [attrib 作定语] summer weather 夏季的天气 * the summer holidays 暑假* a summer cottage, ie for use during the summer 消夏的小屋舍. 2 (idm 习语) an Indian summer => Indian. one swallow does not make a summer => swallow2. summery / 5sQmErI; `sQmErI/ adj typical of orsuitable for the summer 夏季的; 适合夏季的: a summeryday 夏季的一天* a summery dress 夏天穿的连衣裙. summer-house n. small hut with seats in a garden, park, etc, providing shade in the summer （花园、 公园等的）凉亭. summer pudding ( Brit) pudding of fruits such as raspberries and currants pressed into a case of bread 夏令布丁（用悬钩子和无子小葡萄乾等做的点心）. summer school course of lectures, etc held in the summer vacation, esp at a university 暑期学校; （尤指大学开办 的）暑期班. summer-time n. [U] season of summer 夏季: It's beautiful here in (the) summer-time. 夏天这里很 美. summer time (Brit) (US `fast time) time kept one hour in advance of the actual time during summer, giving long light evenings 夏令时间. Cf 参看daylight saving (daylight). summit / 5sQmIt; `sQmIt/ n 1 highest point; top, esp of a mountain 最高点; 顶点; （尤指）山顶: climb to the summit 登上山顶 * (fig 比喻) the summit of her career, ambition, etc 她事业的颠峰、 最大的抱负等. =>illus at mountain 见mountain 插图. 2 meeting between the heads of two or more governments, esp of the world's most powerful countries 最高级会议（政府首脑间的, 尤指强国的）: attend a summit in Washington 出席在华盛顿召开的最高级会议 * [attrib 作定语] a summit talk/meeting/conference 最高级会谈[会晤/会议] * the summit powers 参加最高级会议的强国. summon / 5sQmEn; `sQmEn/ v 1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p, Dn.t] ~ sb (to sth); ~ sb (together) send a message telling sb to come; call (people) together 召唤某人; 召集（大家）: I was summoned by my boss (to explain my actions). 老板把我召去（要我对自己的行为做出解释）. * The shareholders were summoned to a general meeting. 已召集了股东开全体大会. * Summon the pupils together in the school hall. 把学生召集到学校的礼堂里. (b) [Tn, Dn.t] order (sb) to attend a lawcourt; summons (sb) 传唤（某人）出庭; 召唤（某人）: The debtor was summoned (to appear before the magistrates). （地方法官）已传唤债务人出庭. 2 [Tn] order a group of people to attend (a meeting, etc) 召开（会 议等）: summon a conference 召开会议* The Queen has summoned Parliament. 女王已召集了议 会开会. 3 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) force (a particular quality) to come as if from deep inside oneself, in an attempt to do sth 发挥出（某品性）来做某事: summon (up) one's courage for the battle 鼓起勇 气进行战斗* I had to summon (up) all my nerve to face my boss. 我得鼓足勇气去见上司. * I can't summon up much enthusiasm for the project. 这计画引不起我多大兴趣. 4 (phr v) summon sth up cause sth to come into the mind; evoke sth 使某事物浮现于脑际; 唤起某事物: a smell which summons up memories of my childhood 使我回忆起童年事的一种气味. summons / 5sQmEnz; `sQmEnz/ n (pl ~es) 1 (a) order to attend a lawcourt, esp to answer a charge 传唤, 传讯（尤指对指控进行答辩）: issue a summons 发出传讯命令. (b) document containing this （法院的）传票: The summons was served by a bailiff. 该传票已由法警送达. 2 order to do sth, esp to come to sb 命令（尤指来到某人处）: You must obey the king's summons. 你必须奉诏觐见 国王. summons v. [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.t] ~ sb (for sth) order sb to attend a lawcourt 传唤某人到庭; 传讯某人: He was summonsed for speeding. 他因超速行驶而被传讯出庭. sump / sQmp; sQmp/ n 1 casing under an engine holding the lubricating oil （发动机下面的）润滑 油箱. 2 cavity or hollow area into which waste liquid drains 污水坑; 聚水坑. sumptuous / 5sQmptFUEs; `sQmptFJEs/ adj looking expensive and splendid 华贵的; 豪华的; 奢华 的: a sumptuous feast 盛宴* sumptuous clothes 华贵的服装. sumptuously adv. sumptuousness n. [U]. sun / sQn; sQn/ n 1 (also the sun) [sing] the star around which the earth orbits and from which it receives lightand warmth 太阳; 日: the sun's rays 太阳的光线* sendinga space probe to the sun 向 太阳发射一个航天探测器* A watery sun shone through the rain-clouds. 太阳透过雨云发出有雨 意的光. 2 (also the sun) [sing, U] light and warmth from the sun; sunshine 太阳的光和热; 日光; 阳光: sit in the sun 坐在阳光下* have the sun in one's eyes 阳光照眼* draw the curtains to shut out/let in the sun 拉窗帘遮蔽[放进]阳光* I like lots of sun on holiday. 我喜欢在假日里多晒太阳. 3 [C] any star, esp one around which planets orbit 星体; （尤指）恒星: There are many suns larger than ours. 有许多恒星比我们的太阳还要大. 4 (idm 习语) catch the sun => catch1.make hay while the sun shines => hay. a place in the sun => place1. under the `sun (anywhere) in the world 在 世界上（任何地方）: the best wine under the sun 世界上最好的酒* every country under the sun 世 界上每一个国家. with the `sun at dawn or sunset 在日出或日落时; 在黎明或傍晚时分: get up/go to bed with the sun 黎明即起[日落而息]. sun v. (-nn-) [Tn] `~ oneself expose oneself to the rays of the sun 晒太阳: He sat in a deck-chair `sunning himself. 他坐在帆布躺椅上晒太阳. sunless adj. without sunshine; receiving little or no sunlight 无阳光的; 阳光不足的; 晒不到太阳 的: a sunless day, room 阴天、无阳光的房间. sunny adj. (-ier, -iest) 1 bright with sunlight; receiving much sunlight 阳光充足的; 阳光很强的: a sunny day, room, garden 晴朗的一天、向阳的房间、阳光充足的花园. 2 (fig 比喻) cheerful 快活的; 愉快的: a sunny smile, disposition, welcome 快活的微笑、性情、欢迎 * She always looks on the sunny side, ie is optimistic. 她总是看到光明的一面（即很乐观）. sunnily / -IlI; -IlI/ adv. sunniness n. [U]. sunny-side up ( US) (of an egg) fried on one side only （指蛋）只煎一面的. sun-baked adj. (a) made hard by the heat of the sun （太阳）晒硬或晒乾的: sun-baked mud, fields, etc 晒硬的泥土、晒乾的田地. (b) receiving much sunlight; very sunny 阳光充足的; 阳光很强的: sun-baked beaches 烈日下的海滩. sunbathe v. [I] expose one's body to the sun, eg to become sun-tanned 晒太阳; 沐日光浴. sunbeam n. ray of sunshine 日光; 阳光. sun-blind n. curtain, awning, etc that stops sunlight coming through a window （阻止阳光进入窗内 的）遮帘, 遮篷, 遮挡物. sunburn n. [U] reddening and blistering of the skin caused by being in the sun too much 晒伤的皮 肤; 晒斑. Cf 参看 sun-tan. sunburned, sunburnt / 5sQnb\:nt;`sQn9b[nt/ adjs (a) suffering from sunburn 皮肤晒伤的: sunburnt shoulders 晒伤的肩膀. (b) sun-tanned 晒黑的. sundial / 5sQndaIEl; `sQn9daIEl/ n device showing the time on a clock-like dial by means of a pointer whose shadow moves as the sun moves across the sky 日规; 日晷（仪）. sundown n. [U] (esp US) sunset 日落（时分）. sundowner n. 1 (Austral 澳) tramp who usu arrives (at a sheep farm, etc) at sunset, looking for a place to sleep 通常于日落时分赶到（牧羊场等处）找地方过夜的流浪者. 2 (Brit infml 口) (usu alcoholic) drink taken at sunset （通常含酒精的）傍晚喝的饮料. sun-drenched adj. (approv 褒) receiving great heat and light from the sun 充满阳光的: sun-drenched beaches along the Riviera 里维埃拉一带阳光充足的海滩. sunfish n. large sea fish that is almost round, like a ball 太阳鱼（海中的一种大鱼, 体圆如球）. sunflower n. tall garden plant having large flowers with yellow petals round a dark centre 向日葵: [attrib 作定语] sunflower seeds, oil 葵花子、葵花子油. sun-glasses n. [pl] glasses with dark lenses to protect the wearer's eyes from bright sunlight 太阳眼Oxford Dictionary Translation memory software company ForeignDesk, Okapi Framework, OmegaT, Transolution, AidTransStudio, Cafetran, Déjà Vu (DVX), Heartsome Translation Suite, MemoQ, MetaTexis, Rainbow, SDLX, SDL, STAR Transit, Trados, SDL Trados, Wordfast, WordFisher, Similis, Open Language Tools http://www.transgood.com