TransGood-Translation memory software Trados, SDL, ForeignDesk, Wordfast, WordFisher, Déjà Vu (DVX), 译佳计算机辅助翻译软件, 雅信CAT TransGood, TransMemory, Translation Software Tools, Computer-assisted translation, computer-aided translation, CAT, machine-aided translation, Translation memory software, Terminology management software, Alignment software, Software localization tools, ?bersetzung Software, Logiciels de traduction, Software di traduzione, Traducción de Software, Mémoire de traduction, Tradu??o memória, Memoria de traducción, Memoria di traduzione, Перевод Software, ForeignDesk, Okapi Framework, OmegaT, Transolution, AidTransStudio, Cafetran, Déjà Vu (DVX), Heartsome Translation Suite, MemoQ, MetaTexis, Rainbow, SDLX, SDL, STAR Transit, Trados, SDL Trados, Wordfast, WordFisher, Similis, Open Language Tools, 翻訳ソフトウェア, 翻訳メモリ, 翻译软件 辅助翻译软件 计算机辅助翻译软件 人工智能翻译 翻译工具 专业翻译软件 翻译记忆软件 塔多思 Trados SDL WordFast 雅信CAT 翻译公司 牛津词典 Oxford Dictionary boulevard / 5bu:lEvB:d; ?@ 5bUl-;`bJlE9vBrd/ n 1 wide city street, often with trees on each side 大 街（两旁常植有树木的）; 林荫大道. 2 (US) broad main road 干路; 大道. bounce / 5baUns; baJns/ v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] (cause sth to) spring back when sent against sth hard （使某物）（碰到硬物）弹回: A rubber ball bounces well. 橡皮球弹力好. * The ball bounced over the wall. 那球弹过墙去了. * The goalkeeper bounced the ball twice before kicking it. 守门员先把球拍 了两下, 然后一脚踢出. * She bounced the ball against the wall. 她把球掷到墙上让它弹回. 2 [I, Ip, Tn] (cause sb to) move up and down in a lively manner (in the specified direction) （使某人）活 跃地上下跳动: The child bounced (up and down) on the bed. 那孩子在床上蹦蹦跳跳. * He bounced his baby on his knee. 他把婴儿放在膝上颠著玩. =>Usage at jump2 用法见jump2. 3 [I] (infml 口) (of a cheque) be sent back by a bank as worthless (because there is no money in the account) （指支票）遭银行退票（因帐户中无钱）: I hope this cheque doesn't bounce. 我希望这张 支票别遭退票. Cf 参看dishonour v 2. 4 (phr v) bounce along, down, into, etc move in the specified direction with an up and down motion 以上上下下的动作沿某方向移动: He came bouncing into the room. 他蹦蹦跳跳地进了房间. * The car bounced along the bumpy mountain road. 汽车在崎岖的山路上颠簸行驶. bounce back (infml 口) recover well after a setback 受挫折后恢复 原状: Share prices bounced back this morning. 股票价格今晨回升了. * She's had many misfortunes in her life but she always bounces back. 她一生中经历过许多挫折,然而总是能重新振作起来. bounce n. 1 [C] act of bouncing 弹跳: catch a ball on the bounce/first bounce, ie after it has bounced once 球弹起时[一弹起]就把它抓住. 2 [U] (a) ability to bounce 弹力. (b) (of a person) liveliness; vitality （指人）活力; 生气: She's got a lot of bounce. 她浑身都是劲儿. bouncer (also bumper) n. 1 (in cricket) bowled ball that bounces high and forcefully （板球）反弹 力大的高球: bowl sb a fast bouncer 向某人投掷反弹力大的快速高球. 2 (infml 口) person employed by a club, restaurant, etc to throw out trouble-makers （俱乐部, 饭店等雇用的）驱逐捣乱 者的人. bouncing adj. ~ (with sth) strong and healthy 健壮的; 强健的: a bouncing baby 健壮的婴儿 * He was bouncing with energy. 他身强力壮. bouncy adj. (-ier, -iest) 1 (of a ball) able to bounce （指球）有弹性的. 2 (of a person) lively （指 人）活跃的. bound / baUnd; baJnd/ v [Tn usu passive 通常用于被动语态] form the boundary of (sth); limit 形成 （某事物）的界线; 限制: Germany is bounded on the west by France and on the south by Switzerland. 德国西面与法国接壤, 南与瑞士为邻. * The airfield is bounded by woods on all sides. 飞机场的四周都是树林. bound / baUnd; baJnd/ v [Ipr, Ip] jump or spring; run with jumping movements (in a specified direction) 跳; 跃; 蹦著跑（向某方向）: He bounded into the room and announced that he was getting married. 他蹦蹦跳跳地跑进房间里, 宣布他要结婚了. * The dog came bounding up to its master. 那狗蹿到主人面前. bound n. 1 bounding movement; leap; spring 跳; 跳跃: The dog cleared (ie jumped over) the gate in one bound. 那狗一跳就越过了栅门. 2 (idm 习语) by/in leaps and bounds => leap. bound / baUnd; baJnd/ v [Ipr, Ip] jump or spring; run with jumping movements (in a specified direction) 跳; 跃; 蹦著跑（向某方向）: He bounded into the room and announced that he was getting married. 他蹦蹦跳跳地跑进房间里, 宣布他要结婚了. * The dog came bounding up to its master. 那狗蹿到主人面前. bound / baUnd; baJnd/ adj [pred 作表语] ~ (for...) going or ready to go in the direction of 去; 准备 去: Where are you bound (for)? 你要去哪儿? * We are bound for home. 我们打算回家. * This ship is outward bound/homeward bound, ie sailing away from/towards its home port. 这只船是在出航[返 航]. > -bound (forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) heading for a specified place or in a specified direction 向某处的; 向某方向的: We're London-bound. 我们是前往伦敦的. * Northbound traffic may be delayed because of an accident on the motorway. 因高速公路上发生了事 故, 北往的交通可能受阻. bound pt, pp of bind. bound / baUnd; baJnd/ adj [pred 作表语] ~ to do sth 1 certain to do sth 一定做某事: The weather is bound to get better tomorrow. 明天天气一定会变好. * You've done so much work that you're bound to pass the exam. 你下了这麽大工夫, 一定能考及格. 2 obliged by law or duty to do sth 有 法律责任或有义务做某事的: I feel bound to tell you that you're drinking too much. 我觉得有必要 跟你说, 你酒喝得太多了. * I am bound to say I disagree with you on this point. 我必须声明不同意 你这一点. 3 (idm 习语) bound `up in sth very busy with sth; very interested in sth 忙于某事的; 热衷于某事物的: He seems very bound up in his work. 他似乎非常喜欢自己的工作. bound `up with sth closely connected with sth 与某事物关系密切的: The welfare of the individual is bound up with the welfare of the community. 个人的福利与社会的福利有著密切的关系. honour bound => honour1. `I'll be bound (dated infml 旧, 口) I feel sure 我确信: The children are up to some mischief, I'll be bound! 孩子们在搞恶作剧, 我敢肯定! -bound ( forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) 1 confined to a specified place 限制在 某个场所的: I don't like being desk-bound (eg in an office) all day. 我不喜欢整天拴在办公桌旁（如 在办公室里）. * His illness has left him completely house-bound. 他因病完全足不出户. 2 obstructed or hindered by the specified conditions 因某种情况而受阻的: fogbound/snowbound airports * Strikebound travellers face long delays this weekend. 因罢工而受阻的旅客本周末要耽搁 很长时间了. boundary / 5baUndrI; `baJndrI/ n 1 line that marks a limit; dividing line 界限; 分界线: The fence marks the boundary between my land and hers. 这道栅栏是我的地和她的地的分界线. * The ball was caught by a fielder standing just inside the boundary. 那球被正站在边界线内的守场员接住了. * (fig 比喻) Scientists continue to push back the boundaries of knowledge. 科学家不断地把知识领 域的边缘向外扩展. =>Usage at border 用法见border. 2 (in cricket) hit to or over the boundary, scoring 4 or 6 runs （板球）击至或击过边线（可得4 分或6 分）: He scored 26 runs, all in boundaries. 他得了26 分, 都是打边线球获得的. bounden / 5baUndEn; `baJndEn/ adj (idm 习语) one's bounden `duty (fml 文) duty dictated by one's conscience 本分. bounder / 5baUndE(r); `baJndL/ n (dated Brit infml derog 旧, 口, 贬) man whose behaviour is morally unacceptable 不道德的人. boundless / 5baUndlIs; `baJndlIs/ adj without limits 无限的: boundless generosity, enthusiasm 无比 的慷慨、热情. boundlessly adv. bounds / baUndz; baJndz/ n [pl] 1 limits 界限: keep within/go beyond the bounds of reason, sanity, decency, propriety, etc 有[没]理性、理智、体统、礼貌等* It is not beyond the bounds of possibility (that...). （... ）不是不可能的. * Are there no bounds to his ambition? 他的野心难道没有止境吗? * Public spending must be kept within reasonable bounds. 公共事务的开销必须保持在合理的范围以 内. 2 (idm 习语) know no bounds => know. out of `bounds (to sb) (US off limits) (of a place) not to be entered or visited (by sb) （指某地方）禁止（某人）入内; 谢绝（某人）参观: The town's pubs and bars are out of bounds to troops. 军人不得进入城里的酒馆和酒吧. bounteous / 5baUntIEs; `baJntIEs/ adj (dated or rhet 旧或修辞) 1 (of a person) generous （指人） 慷慨的. 2 freely given; plentiful 丰富的; 充裕的: God's bounteous blessings. 上帝的慷慨赐福. bounteously adv. bounteousness n. [U]. bountiful / 5baUntIfl; `baJntEfEl/ adj (dated 旧) 1 giving generously 慷慨给予的. 2 abundant 丰 富的; 充裕的: a bountiful supply of food 充足的食物供应. bountifully / 5baUntIfElI; `baJntEflI/ adv. bounty / 5baUntI; `baJntI/ n 1 [U] (dated 旧) generosity in giving; liberality 慷慨; 大方: a monarch famous for his bounty 以好施而闻名的君主. 2 [C] (dated 旧) generous gift 慷慨馈赠的 礼物. 3 [C] reward or payment offered (usu by a government) to encourage sb to do sth (eg to increase production of goods) 奖金（通常由政府提供, 以鼓励某人作某事, 如提高产量）. bouquet / bU5keI; bu`ke/ n 1 bunch of flowers for carrying in the hand (often presented as a gift) 花 束（常用作礼物）: a bride's bouquet 新娘的花束* The soloist received a huge bouquet of roses. 独 唱者得到了很大的一束玫瑰花. 2 (fig 比喻) expression of praise; com-pliment 称赞; 恭维. 3 characteristic aroma of a wine or liqueur 酒的芳香: This brandy has a fine bouquet. 这种白兰地酒 芳香扑鼻. bouquet garni / 9bu:keI 5gB:ni:; bu`ke -B`ni/ bunch of herbs used for flavouring soups, stews, etc 香 料束（捆成束的香料, 作汤、炖菜等的作料）. bourbon / 5b\:bEn; `b[bEn/ n (a) [U] type of whisky distilled in the US chiefly from maize 波旁威士 忌（产于美国, 多酿自玉米）. (b) [C] glass of this 一杯波旁威士忌酒. bourgeois / 5bR:VwB:; ?@ 9bUEr5VwB:; bJr`VwB/ adj 1 of or relating to the property-owning middle class 中产阶级的; 关于中产阶级的. 2 (derog 贬) (a) concerned with material possessions and social status 耽于名利的: They've become very bourgeois since they got married. 他们结婚以后 就一味追求物质享受和社会地位了. (b) conventionally respectable; conservative 清高的; 保守的: bourgeois tastes, attitudes, ideas, etc 高雅的趣味、风度、思想等. (c) unimaginative; philistine 缺乏 想像力的; 平庸的. 3 (in Marxist thought) of or relating to the bourgeoisie(2); capitalist （马克思学 说中）资产阶级的, 关于资产阶级的, 资本家的, 资本主义的. bourgeois n. (pl unchanged 复数不变) [C] (usu derog 通常作贬义) bourgeois person 中产阶级分 子; 耽于名利的人; 清高的人; 平庸的人; 资产阶级分子. bourgeoisie / 9bUEVwB:5zi:, 9bUEVwB:5zi:; 9bJrVwB`zi/ n [Gp] (usu derog 通常作贬义) 1 middle classes, esp those owning property 中产阶级: the rise of the bourgeoisie in the 19th century 19 世纪中产阶级的兴起. 2 (in Marxist thought) capitalist ruling class that exploits the working class （马克思学说中）居于统治地位的资产阶级（剥削工人阶级者）. Cf 参看 proletariat. petit bourgeois / 9petI 5bR:VwB:; ?@ -bUErV-; 9pZtI`bJrVwB/ n (pl unchanged 复数不变) (French 法) member of the lower middle class 小资产阶级: [attrib 作定语] petit bourgeois interests, occupations, prejudices, etc 小资产阶级的情趣、职业、偏见等. bourse / bUEs; bJrs/ n European stock exchange, esp (the Bourse) the one in Paris 欧洲证券交易所; （尤指）巴黎证券交易所. bout / baUt; baJt/ n 1 ~ (of sth/doing sth) (a) short period of a specified activity 一回; 一次; 一阵: a `drinking-bout 一次宴饮* She has bouts of hard work followed by long periods of inactivity. 她 总是努力干上一阵, 然后一待就是很长时间. (b) attack (of an illness) （指疾病）侵袭, 发作: a bout of flu, bronchitis, rheumatism, etc 流感、支气管炎、风湿病等的侵袭* He suffers from frequent bouts of depression. 他患多发性抑郁症. 2 boxing or wrestling contest 拳击或摔跤比赛. boutique / bu:5ti:k; bu`tik/ n small shop selling clothes and other articles of the latest fashion 精品店 （经销时装及时髦用品的小商店）. bovine / 5bEUvaIn; `bovaIn/ adj 1 (fml 文) of or relating to cattle 牛的; 关于牛的. 2 (derog 贬) dull and stupid 迟钝的; 笨拙的: a bovine expression, character, mentality 鲁钝的表情、性情、头脑 * bovine stupidity 像牛一样的笨拙. bow / bEU; bo/ n 1 piece of wood bent into a curve by a tight string joining its ends, used as a weapon for shooting arrows （射箭用的）弓: hunt with bows and arrows 以弓、箭行猎. =>illus at archer 见archery 之插图. 2 wooden rod with strands of horse-hair stretched from end to end, used for playing stringed instruments 琴弓. =>illus at App 1 见附录1 之插图, page xi. 3 knot made with loops; ribbon tied in this way 蝴蝶结; 打成蝴蝶结的丝带: tie shoelaces in a bow 把鞋带打成蝴蝶 结* a dress decorated with bows 饰有蝴蝶结的连衣裙. =>illus 见插图. 4 (idm 习语) have two strings/a second, etc string to one's bow have a second person, skill or resource available to one for a particular purpose, as a replacement for or an alternative to a first 有后备人选、技术或资源; 有两手 准备: As both a novelist and a university lecturer, she has two strings to her bow. 她又是小说家又当 大学讲师, 有两手准备. bow v. [I, Tn] use a bow on (a stringed instrument) 用弓拉（弦乐器）. bowing n. [U] technique of using the bow to play a violin, etc （拉小提琴等的）弓法: The cellist's bowing was very sensitive. 那位大提琴手的弓法十分细腻. bow-legs n. [pl] legs that curve outwards at the knees 弓形腿; 罗圈腿. bow-legged adj: a ,bow-`legged gait 罗圈腿的步态. bowman / -mEn; -mEn/ n (pl -men/ -mEn; -mEn/) archer 弓箭手. bow-tie n. man's necktie tied in a knot with a double loop, worn esp on formal occasions 蝶形领结. =>illus 见插图. bow-window n. type of bay window with curved glass 弓形窗; 凸肚窗. bow / baU; baJ/ v 1 (a) [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (down) (to/before sb/sth) bend the head or body as a sign of respect or as a greeting 鞠躬; 点头（表示尊敬或打招呼）: The cast bowed as the audience applauded. 演员们向鼓掌的观众鞠躬. * We all bowed to the Queen. 我们都向女王鞠躬致敬. * The priest bowed down before the altar. 牧师在圣坛前行鞠躬礼. (b) [Tn] bend (the head or body) as a sign of respect 俯（首）或欠（身）致敬: The congregation bowed their heads in prayer. 会众在一起低头 祷告. 2 [usu passive 通常用于被动语态: Tn, Tn.p] bend (sb/sth) under or as if under a weight 压 弯（某人[某物]）; 像被压弯: His back was bowed with age. 他因年老而驼背. * branches bowed down by the snow on them 被积雪压弯的树枝. 3 (idm 习语) ,bow and `scrape (usu derog 通常作 贬义) behave in an obsequious or a servile manner 点头哈腰; 奴颜婢膝: The waiter showed us to our table with much bowing and scraping. 服务员一个劲儿地点头哈腰领我们就座. 4 (phr v) bow sb in/out bow to sb as he enters/leaves a room, etc 躬身迎入[送出]某人. bow out (of sth) (a) withdraw from sth 退出, 离开某事物: I'm bowing out of this scheme I don't approve of it. 我退出 这个计划--我不同意它. (b) retire from an important position 从要位上离退: After thirty years in politics, he is finally bowing out. 他从政三十年之后, 终于决定退出政坛. bow to sth submit to sth; accept sth 顺从某事物; 接受某事物: bow to the inevitable 顺从命运; 听天由命 * bow to sb's opinion, wishes, greater experience 尊重某人的意见、意愿、丰富的经验* We're tired of having to bow to authority. 我们对必须服从权威这一点感到厌倦. bow n. 1 bending of the head or body (as a greeting, etc) 点头致意; 鞠躬礼: acknowledge sb with a bow 点头招呼某人* He made a bow and left the room. 他鞠了一个躬就离开了房间. (idm 习语) take a/one's `bow (of an actor or actors) acknowledge applause by bowing (bow2 1a) （指 演员）鞠躬谢幕. bow / baU; baJ/ n 1 (often pl 常作复数) front or forward end of a boat or ship 船头; 船首; 艏: The yacht hit a rock and damaged her bows. 游艇碰上了礁石, 撞坏了船头. =>illus at yacht 见 yacht 之插图. 2 (in rowing) oarsman nearest the bow （划艇）船头的划桨手. Cf 参看 stroke1 bow-wow / 9baU 5waU; `baJ`waJ/ interj (imitating the bark of a dog 模仿狗叫声). bow-wow n. (used by or to young children 儿语) dog 狗. bowdlerize, bowdlerise / 5baUdlEraIz; `baJdlE9raIz/ v [Tn] (sometimes derog 有时作贬义) remove words or scenes considered indecent from (a book, play, etc); expurgate; censor 删除（书刊、剧本等 中）有伤风化的词语或场面;删去; 删改. bowdlerization, -isation / 9baUdlEraI-5zeIFn; ?@ -rI5z-; 9baJdlErE`zeFEn/ n [C, U]. bowel / 5baUEl; `baJEl/ n (usu pl, except in medical use and when used attributively 除用作医学名 词及修饰语外, 通常作复数) 1 part of the alimentary canal below the stomach; intestine 肠: [attrib 作定语] a bowel complaint/disorder 腹泻[肠道疾患] * cancer of the bowel 肠癌* move one's bowels, ie defecate 大便（通便）. 2 deepest or innermost part (of a place) （某处的）最深的或最 靠里面的部分: in the bowels of the earth, ie deep underground 在地下深处. bowel movement ( a) discharge of waste matter from the bowels 排便. (b) waste matter discharged; faeces 粪便; 大便. bower / 5baUE(r); `baJL/ n 1 (a) shady place under trees or climbing-plants in a wood or garden; arbour （树林或花园中的）荫凉处; 凉棚. (b) summer-house 凉亭. 2 (dated 旧) lady's bedroom; boudoir （女子的）卧室; 闺房. bower-bird n. type of Australian bird of paradise 造园鸟（产于澳大利亚）. bowl / bEUl; bol/ n 1 (a) (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) deep round dish, used esp for holding food or liquid 碗;碟: a sugar bowl 糖碟* a fruit bowl 果盘* a washing-up bowl 洗涤盆. (b) amount contained in a bowl 一碗的量: a bowl of soup, cereal, porridge, etc 一碗汤、谷类食品、 麦片粥等. =>illus at bucket, plate 见bucket 、plate 之插图. 2 hollow rounded part of certain objects （物体的）圆形凹陷部分: the bowl of a spoon 匙子的凹处* a lavatory bowl 便池* He filled the bowl of his pipe with tobacco. 他往烟斗里装烟丝. 3 (esp US) amphitheatre (for open-air concerts, etc) （供音乐会等用的）圆形露天剧场: the Hollywood Bowl 好莱坞圆形露天剧场. bowl / bEUl; bol/ n 1 [C] heavy wooden ball that is weighted so that it rolls in a curve, used in the game of bowls （滚木球戏所用的）木球. 2 [C] heavy ball used in skittles and ten-pin bowling （撞 柱戏和十柱保龄球戏所用的）球. 3 bowls [sing v] game played on a smooth lawn, in which two players take turns to roll bowls as near as possible to a small ball 滚木球戏（在平坦草地上进行, 两 人轮流滚动木球, 力求接近一小球）: play bowls 玩滚木球戏. bowl / bEUl; bol/ v 1 [I] play a game of bowls or bowling 玩滚木球或地滚球（保龄球）. 2 [Tn] (in the games of bowls or bowling) roll (a ball) （滚木球或保龄球戏）滚（球）. 3 [I, Tn] (in cricket) send (the ball) from one's hand towards the batsman by swinging the arm over the head without bending the elbow （板球）投（球）: bowl fast/slow 投得快[慢] * Well bowled! 投得好! 4 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sb (out) dismiss (a batsman) by bowling a ball that hits the wicket behind him （因投出的球击中击 球员后面的三柱门）使（击球员）出局: He was bowled for 120, ie dismissed in this way after scoring 120 runs. 他得到120 分之后被判出局. 5 (phr v) bowl along, down, etc (of a car or its passengers) move fast and smoothly (in the specified direction) （指汽车或其乘客）快而稳地行进: We were bowling along (the motorway) at seventy miles per hour. 我们以每小时七十英里的速度（在高速公 路上）飞驰. bowl sb over (a) knock sb down 击倒某人. (b) surprise sb greatly; astound sb 使某人大 吃一惊; 令某人惊奇: We were bowled over by the news of her marriage. 我们听到她结婚的消息大 为惊讶. bowler / 5bEUlE(r); `bolL/ n 1 person who bowls in cricket （板球）投球手: a fast, slow, etc bowler 投球快、慢等的投球手 * a left-arm spin bowler 投左手旋转球的投球手. =>illus at cricket 见 cricket 之插图. 2 person who plays bowls 玩滚木球戏的人. bowler / 5bEUlE(r); `bolL/ n (also ,bowler `hat, US derby) hard, usu black, felt hat with a curved brim and rounded top 常礼帽（一种卷檐的圆顶硬毡帽, 通常为黑色）: Many London businessmen wear bowlers. 伦敦的许多商人戴常礼帽. =>illus at hat 见hat 之插图. bowline / 5bEUlIn; `bolIn/ n (also `bowline knot) knot forming a secure loop at the end of a rope, used by sailors, climbers, etc 单套结（水手、攀登者等打的一种结实的结）. bowling / 5bEUlIN; `bolIN/ n [U] 1 any of various games (eg skittles, ten-pin bowling) in which heavy balls are rolled along a special track towards a group of wooden pins 地滚球戏（使用重球沿轨 道朝木柱滚动的各种游戏, 如撞柱戏、十柱保龄球戏）: a bowling match 保龄球比赛. 2 the game of bowls 滚木球戏. 3 (in cricket) sending the ball from the hand towards the batsman （板球）朝 击球员方向投球: a good piece of bowling 投一个好球. bowling-alley n. (a) long narrow track along which balls are rolled in bowling or skittles （保龄球戏 或撞柱戏的狭长的）球道. (b) building containing several of these 地滚球场. bowling-green n. area of grass cut short for playing bowls on 草地滚木球场. tenpin bowling / 9tenpIn 5bEUlIN; 9tZnpIn `bolIN/ (USalso tenpins/ 5tenpInz; `tZn9pInz/ [pl]) game like ninepins,but with an extra skittle 十柱保龄球戏. Cf 参看 skittle. bowls => bowl2 3. bowsprit / 5bEUsprIt; `bo9sprIt/ n long pole projecting from the front of a ship, to which the ropes supporting the sails are fasten 船首斜桅. box / bCks; bBks/ n 1 [C] (a) (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) container made of wood, cardboard, metal, etc with a flat base and usu a lid, for holding solids 盒; 匣; 箱: a tool-box * a money-box * a shoe box * a cigar box * She packed her books in cardboard boxes. 她把书装进纸箱 里. (b) box with its contents 盒或箱及其盛物: a box of chocolates, matches, cigars 一盒巧克力、火 柴、雪茄烟. 2 [C] (a) separate compartment or enclosed area, eg for a group of people in a theatre, stadium, etc, for witnesses in a lawcourt, or for a horse in a stable 分离的隔间或围著的区域（如戏院 的包厢、运动场的分区看台、法庭的证人席、马厩中的隔栏）: reserve a box at the theatre 预订 戏院的一个包厢* the witness box 证人席* a horse-box 马栏. =>illus at App 1 见附录1 之插图, page ix. (b) small hut or shelter for a specific purpose （为某目的而设的）小亭, 岗亭: a sentry-box 哨亭 * a signal-box 信号所* a telephone-box 电话间. 3 [C] (in cricket) rounded plastic shield worn by batsmen and wicket-keepers to protect the genitals （板球）护身（击球员和守门员为防止 生殖器受伤而戴的圆形塑料护罩）. 4 the box [sing] (Brit infml 口) television 电视: What's on the box tonight? 今晚电视上有什麽节目? 5 [C] = box number. box v. 1 [Tn] put (sth) into a box 将（某物）装入盒或箱中: a boxed set of records 盒装的一套 唱片. 2 (phr v) box sb/sth in prevent (a runner, horse, car, etc) from moving freely (esp in a race) 妨 碍（赛跑者、马、汽车等）自由行动（尤于比赛中）: One of the runners got boxed in on the final bend. 一个赛跑者在转最后一弯时被人挡住了. box sb/sth in/up shut sb/sth in a small space 将某人[某物] 禁锢在狭小的空间里: He feels boxed in, living in that tiny flat. 他身居斗室, 感到很不自在. * She hates being boxed up in an office all day. 她讨厌整天关在办公室里. boxful n. full box (of sth) （某物的）整盒, 整箱: a boxful of books, clothes, toys 一整箱书、衣服、 玩具. boxcar n. (US) enclosed railway goods van （火车的）载货车厢. box junction ( Brit) area of road where two roads cross, marked with a criss-cross pattern of yellow stripes on which vehicles must not stop, designed to help the flow of traffic 路口黄格区（绘有黄色斜 格的路口, 机动车不得停留其间以利交通疏导）. box-kite n. kite with an open box-like frame 箱形风筝（有开口的箱形框架）. box lunch ( US) light meal, usu of sandwiches and fruit, provided in a cardboard box or similar container 盒饭. box number number given in newspaper advertisementsto which replies may be sent （报纸广告中为读者覆信而 设的）信箱号码. box-office n. office at a theatre, cinema, etc where tickets are bought or reserved （戏院、影院等的） 售票处, 票房: [attrib 作定语] The film was a box-office success, ie It was financially successful because many people went to see it. 这部影片很卖座. box / bCks; bBks/ v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (with/against sb) fight (sb) with the fists, esp wearing padded gloves, as a sport 拳击（某人）（尤指戴拳击手套的运动）: Did you box at school? 你在学校时练 过拳击吗? 2 (idm 习语) box sb's ears hit sb on the ear with the open hand or fist （以掌或拳）打 某人耳光: He boxed the boy's ears for being cheeky. 他打了这男孩儿耳光以教训其不懂羞耻. box n. (usu sing 通常作单数) blow (usu on sb's ear) with the open hand or fist 掌击或拳击（通常 指打耳光）. boxer n. 1 person who boxes, esp as a sport 拳击者; （尤指）拳击运动员: a heavyweight boxer 重量级拳击手. 2 breed of dog like a bulldog but with longer legs 拳师犬（似斗牛狗而腿稍长）. `boxer shorts man's loose-fitting underpants （男用宽松的）内裤衩. boxing n. [U] sport of fighting with the fists 拳击（运动）. `boxing-glove n either of a pair of padded gloves worn for boxing 拳击手套. =>illus 见插图. boxing-match n. fight between two boxers 拳击比赛. box / bCks; bBks/ n 1 [C, U] small evergreen shrub with thick dark leaves, used esp for garden hedges 黄杨. 2 (also `boxwood) [U] hard wood of this shrub 黄杨木. Boxing Day / 5bCksIN deI; `bBksIN9de/ the first weekday after Christmas Day 节礼日（圣诞节之后 的第一个周日）. boy / bRI; bRI/ n 1 [C] male child; son 男孩; 儿子: The Joneses have two boys and a girl. 琼斯一 家有两个男孩儿一个女孩儿. * His eldest boy is at university. 他的长子上大学了. 2 [C] young man; lad; youth 小伙子; 少年; 青年: He lived in Edinburgh as a boy. 他年轻时住在爱丁堡. * A group of boys were playing football in the street. 一帮小伙子当时正在街上踢足球. * How many boys are there in your class at school? 你们班有多少男同学? 3 [C] (esp in compounds 尤用以构 成复合词) boy or young man who does a specified job 从事某种职业的男童或小伙子: the paper-boy. 4 the boys [pl] (infml 口) group of men who are friends and go out together 哥儿们: a night out with the boys, eg at a public house 与哥儿们在外泡了一夜（如在酒馆里） * He plays football with the boys on Saturday afternoons. 他星期六下午跟弟兄们踢足球. * He likes to feel that he's one of the boys. 他乐于把自己当成弟兄们的一分子. 5 [C] (derog offensive 贬, 蔑) (in some countries) male servant or labourer （某些国家的）男仆或男性劳工. 6 (idm 习语) back-room boys => back-room (back2). sb's blue-eyed boy => blue1. the boys in `blue (Brit infml 口) the police or a group of police officers 警方; 一群警察. ,boys ,will be `boys (saying 谚) young boys, and also sometimes grown men, occasionally behave in a childish way, and this may be excused 孩子总归是 孩子（男孩子, 甚至有些成年男子, 偶尔现出孩子气, 可以谅解）. jobs for the boys => job1. man and boy => man. sort out the men from the boys => sort2. boyhood n. [U, C usu sing 通常作单数] state or time of being a boy （男子的）童年, 少年时期: a happy, unhappy, lonely, etc boyhood （指男子）幸福的、不幸的、孤独的... 童年时期 * [attrib 作 定语] boyhood friends （指男子）童年时代的朋友们. boyish adj. (often approv 常作褒义) of or like a boy 男孩子的; 男孩子般的: boyish ambitions, hopes, enthusiasm 男孩子的志向、愿望、热情* He/She has boyish good looks. 他长得稚气可爱 [她长得像个好看的男孩儿]. boy-friend n. regular male companion of a girl or woman, with whom she is romantically or sexually involved 男朋友: She had lots of boy-friends before she got married. 她婚前有许多男朋友. Boy Scout = scout 2. boy / bRI; bRI/ interj (infml 口esp US) (expressing surprise, pleasure, relief or contempt 表示惊奇、 愉快、快慰或轻视): Boy, am I glad to see you! 啊, 见到你真高兴! Teddy boy / 5tedI bRI; `tZdI 9bRI/ (also ted/ ted; tZd/) n (Brit infml 口) (in the 1950's) young man who expressed rebellion by wearing clothes similar to those of the Edwardian period (1901-10), and sometimes behaved violently （五十年代的）不良少年（穿著类似爱德华时代--1901-1910--的服 装, 行为有时粗野以示叛逆）. boycott / 5bRIkCt; `bRI9kBt/ v [Tn] (a) (usu of a group of people) refuse to have social or commercial relations with (a person, company, country, etc) （通常指一群人）拒绝与（某人、公司、国家等） 交往或通商. (b) refuse to handle or buy (goods); refuse to take part in (eg a meeting) 拒绝处理或购 买（货物）; 拒绝参加（如会议）; 抵制: boycotting foreign imports 抵制外国货物进口 * Athletes from several countries boycotted the Olympic Games. 有好几国的运动员抵制奥林匹克运动会. boycott n. refusal to deal or trade with (a person, country, etc); refusal to handle (goods) （对与某 人、某国等交往或贸易的）抵制; （对处理货物的）抵制: place/put sth under a boycott 对某事物 实行抵制. BP / 9bi: 5pi:; 9bi `pi/ abbr 缩写= British Petroleum 英国石油公司: work for BP 为英国石油公司 工作. BPC / 9bi: pi: 5si:; 9bi pi `si/ abbr 缩写 = (esp on labels of chemical products) British Pharmaceutical Codex （尤用于化学产品标签）英国副药典. BR / 9bi: 5B:(r); 9bi `Br/ abbr 缩写= British Rail 英国铁路公司: BR's Southern Region services 英国铁路公司南部地区服务段. Br abbr. 缩写 = 1 British. 2 (religion 宗) Brother: Br Peter 彼得修士. bra / brB:; brB/ n = brassiere. brace / breIs; bres/ n 1 [C] device that clamps things together or holds and supports them in position 夹具; 支架; 支撑之物. Cf 参看bit2 2. 2 [C] wire device worn inside the mouth (esp by children) for straightening the teeth 牙箍（矫正牙齿的钢丝套, 尤为儿童所用）: My daughter has to wear a brace on her teeth. 我的女儿得戴牙箍以矫正牙齿. 3 braces [pl] (US suspenders) straps for holding trousers up, fastened to the waistband at the front and the back and passing over the shoulders 吊裤带; 背带: a pair of braces 一副背带. 4 [C] either of the two marks { and } used in printing or writing to show that words, etc between them are connected 大括号（"{", "}" 之任何一边）. Cf 参 看 bracket. brace and bit hand tool for boring holes, with a revolving handle and a removable drill 手摇曲柄钻. brace / breIs; bres/ n (pl unchanged 复数不变) pair (esp of game birds) 一对, 一双（尤指作猎物的 鸟）: two brace of partridge(s) 两对山鹑. brace / breIs; bres/ v 1 [Tn] (a) support (sth) with a brace1(1) 用支架支住（某物）: The struts are firmly braced. 构架的支柱很牢固. (b) make (sth) stronger or firmer; reinforce 使（某物）更为坚固; 增强. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] place (one's hand or foot) firmly in order to resist an impact or balance oneself 把（手或脚）支撑稳（以防冲撞或以保持身体平衡）: He braced his foot against the wall and jumped. 他一只脚抵著墙跳. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ oneself (for sth) steady or prepare oneself for sth difficult or unpleasant （针对困难的或令人不快的事物）稳住情绪或做好准备: We braced ourselves for a bumpy landing. 我们已做好准备, 著陆时会很颠簸. 4 (phr v) brace up (esp US) not become sad or dispirited, eg after a defeat or disappointment; take heart 振作起来; 打起精神. bracing adj. (esp of weather conditions) invigorating; stimulating （尤指天气情况）令人振奋的, 给 人带来活力的: bracing sea air 宜人的海滨空气* a bracing walk 令人心神爽快的散步. bracelet / 5breIslIt; `breslIt/ n ornamental band worn on the wrist or arm 手镯; 臂镯. bracken / 5brkEn; `brAkEn/ n [U] (a) large fern growing on hillsides and heathland 欧洲蕨（一种大 的蕨类植物, 生长在山坡和荒原上）. (b) mass of such ferns 一簇欧洲蕨. bracket / 5brkIt; `brAkIt/ n 1 (a) wooden or metal angle-shaped support fixed to or built into a wall to hold a shelf, etc 托架（木制或金属制, 固定在墙上以托住搁板等）. (b) support on a wall for a lamp 墙壁上的灯架. 2 (usu pl 通常作复数) (in printing or writing) any one of the marks used in pairs for enclosing words, figures, etc to separate them from what precedes or follows, eg () (round brackets or parentheses), [] (square brackets), <> (angle brackets), {} (braces) （印刷或书写中）括号 （如圆括号（）、方括号 [] 、尖括号＜＞、大括号 {} 任何一对的一边）: Put your name in brackets at the top of each page. 把你的名字填在每页上端的括号内. =>App 3 见附录3. 3 group or category within specified limits （有一定上下限的）分类, 档次: be in the lower/higher income bracket 属于低[高]收入等级* the 20-30 age bracket, ie those people between the ages of 20 and 30 20-30 岁的年龄组. bracket v. 1 [Tn] support (sth) with a bracket （用托架）支撑（某物）. 2 [Tn] (in printing or writing) enclose (words, figures, etc) in brackets (bracket 2) （印刷或书写中）把（词语、数字等） 置于括号中. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ A and B (together); ~ A with B group things or people in the same category (to suggest that they are similar, equal or connected in some way) 将事物或人置于同一范 畴（以示相似、相同或相关）: It's wrong to bracket him with the extremists in his party his views are very moderate. 把他跟他们党内的极端分子等同看待是不对的--他的观点其实很温和. brackish / 5brkIF; `brAkIF/ adj (of water) slightly salty （指水）略咸的. bract / brkt; brAkt/ n leaf-like and often brightly coloured part of a plant, growing below the flower (eg in bougainvillaea and poinsettia) 苞. brad / brd; brAd/ n thin flat nail with no head or a very small head 角钉, 无头钉（无头或头很小的）. bradawl / 5brdR:l; `brAd9Rl/ n small hand-tool with a sharp point for boring holes 小锥子. brae / breI; bre/ n (Scot 苏格兰) steep slope; hillside 陡坡; 山坡. brag / brAg; brA-/ v (-gg-) [I, Ipr, Tf] ~ (about/of sth) talk with too much pride (about sth); boast 吹 嘘（某事物）; 自夸: Stop bragging! 别吹牛! * He's been bragging about his new car. 他一直夸他 的新汽车. * She bragged that she could run faster than me. 她夸口说她比我跑得快. brag n. [U, C] boastful talk or statement 大话. braggart / 5brgEt; `brA-Lt/ n person who brags 吹牛者; 说大话者. brahmin / 5brB:mIn; `brBmIn/ (also brahman/ -En;-En/) n member of the highest or priestly Hinducaste 婆罗门（印度种姓制度中最高等级或僧侣阶级）. braid / breId; bred/ n 1 [U] number of threads of silk, cotton, etc woven together in a narrow band for decorating clothes and material 穗带（由丝线、棉线等编织而成, 用作衣物和料子的装饰）: The general's uniform was trimmed with gold braid. 将官的制服饰有金色的穗带. 2 [C] (US) = plait 发辫; 辫子: She wears her hair in braids. 她梳著辫子. =>illus at plait 见plait 之插图. braid v. [Tn] 1 decorate (clothes or material) with braid 用穗带装饰（衣物或料子）: She braided the neckline, hem and cuffs of the dress. 她用穗带装饰连衣裙的领口、摺边和袖口. 2 (US) = plait 编成辫子: She braids her hair every morning. 她每天早晨都梳辫子. Braille / breIl; brel/ n [U] system of reading and writing for blind people, using raised dots to represent letters which can be read by touching them 盲文（供盲人阅读和书写用的凸点符号）. brain / breIn; bren/ n 1 [C] organ of the body that controls thought, memory and feeling, consisting of a mass of soft grey matter inside the head 脑: a disease of the brain 脑部疾患* The brain is the centre of the nervous system. 脑是神经系统的中枢. * [attrib 作定语] brain surgery 脑外科. 2 [U, C often pl 常作复数] mind or intellect; intelligence 头脑; 智力: He has very little brain. 他没有什 麽头脑. * She has an excellent brain. 她很有头脑. * You need brains to become a university professor. 当大学教授要有才智. * He has one of the best brains in the university. 他是这所大学里 才智出众的人. 3 (a) [C] (infml 口) clever person; intellectual 聪明人; 知识分子: He is one of the leading brains in the country. 他是国家的知识分子精英. (b) the brains [sing v] (infml 口) cleverest person in a group 智力超群的人: He's the brains of the family. 他是全家最聪明的人. * She was the brains behind the whole scheme. 她是整个方案背后的主脑. 4 (idm 习语) blow one's brains out => blow1. cudgel one's brains => cudgel. have sth on the brain (infml 口) think about sth constantly; be obsessed by sth 一心想著某事物; 对某事物入迷: I've had this tune on the brain all day but I can't remember what it's called. 我脑海里整天回荡著这个曲调, 但我想不起来叫什麽了. pick sb's brains => pick3. rack one's brain(s) => rack2. tax one's/sb's brains => tax. brain v. [Tn] kill (a person or an animal) with a heavy blow on the head （猛击头部）打死（人或 动物）: (fig infml 比喻, 口) I nearly brained myself on that low beam. 那低矮的横梁险些把我的头 撞碎. brainless adj. stupid; foolish 没有头脑的; 愚蠢的; 傻的: That was a pretty brainless thing to do. 那样做很愚蠢. brainy adj. (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) clever; intelligent 聪明的; 有智慧的: Her children are all very brainy. 她的孩子个个都很聪明. brain-child n. [sing] person's original plan, invention or idea 某人的构想、构思、发明或创见: The new arts centre is the brain-child of a wealthy local businessman. 这座新艺术馆是根据当地一位富 商的构想而修建的. brain-drain n. (usu sing 通常作单数) (infml 口) loss to a country when skilled and clever people emigrate from it to other countries 人才外流. brain fever inflammation of the brain 脑膜炎. brainpower n. [U] ability to think; intelligence 智力; 智能. brain-teaser n. difficult problem; puzzle 困难问题; 难题. brains trust (US brain trust) group of experts who answer questions and give advice, eg on a radio programme （提供咨询服务的） 专家小组（如于电台节目中的）; 智囊团. brainstorm / 5breInstR:m; `bren9stRrm/ n 1 sudden violent mental disturbance 突发性精神错乱. 2 (Brit infml 口) moment of confusion or forgetfulness; sudden mental aberration 一时糊涂、忘记或 想不起来; 突然的神智不清: I must have had a brainstorm I couldn't remember my own telephone number for a moment. 我一定是糊涂了--一时想不起自己的电话号码了. 3 (US infml 口) = brainwave. brainstorming / 5breInstR:mIN; `bren9stRrmIN/ n [U] (esp US) method of solving problems in which all the members of a group suggest ideas which are then discussed 群策群力, 通力攻关（大家献计 献策, 通过集体讨论解决问题）: [attrib 作定语] a brainstorming session 通力攻关会. brainwash / 5breInwCF; `bren9wRF/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (into doing sth) force sb to reject old beliefs or ideas and to accept new ones by the use of extreme mental pressure 洗脑（以极大的精神压力迫使某 人放弃旧的信念或思想而接受新的一套）: (fig 比喻) I refuse to be brainwashed by advertisers into buying something I don't need. 我可不让广告商给我洗脑, 去买那些我不需要的东西. brainwashing n. [U]. brainwave / 5breInweIv; `bren9wev/ (US brainstorm) n (infml 口) sudden clever idea 灵机; 灵感脑 波: Unless someone has a brainwave we'll never solve this problem. 除非谁能灵机一动拿出主意, 否则我们永远解决不了这个问题. braise / breIz; brez/ v [Tn] cook (meat or vegetables) slowly with very little liquid in a closed container 炖（肉或蔬菜）; 焖; 煨: braised beef and onions 炖洋葱牛肉* braising steak, ie steak to be braised 用来炖的肉排. brake / breIk; brek/ n (a) device for reducing the speed of or stopping a car, bicycle, train, etc 制动器; 闸; 刹车: put on/apply the brake(s) 使用制动器* His brakes failed on a steep hill. 他的车闸在陡 峭的山路上失灵了. * (fig 比喻) The Government is determined to put a brake on public spending. 政府决定遏制公共事务的开支. * Ignorance acts as a brake to progress. 无知阻碍了进步. =>illus at App 1 见附录1 之插图, page xiii. (b) pedal, etc that operates such a device 制动器的踏板等: The brake (pedal) is between the clutch and the accelerator. 制动器（踏板）在离合器和加速器之间. =>illus at App 1 见附录1 之插图, page xii. brake v. [I, Tn] (cause sth to) slow down using a brake 用制动器（使某物）减速; 刹（车）: The driver braked hard as the child ran onto the road in front of him. 那孩子跑到汽车前面的路上, 司机 猛踩刹车. brake fluid liquid used in hydraulic brakes 制动液（液压制动器所用的液体）. brake light (US stoplight) red light at the back of a car, etc which lights up when the brakes are applied 制动灯, 刹车灯（汽车 等刹车时尾部亮起的红灯）. brake-horsepower n. [U] power of an engine measured by the force needed to brake it 制动马力; 刹车马力. brake-shoe n. curved block or plate that presses against a wheel to brake it 闸瓦; 制动片; 刹车片. brake / breIk; brek/ n area of brushwood, thick undergrowth or bracken; thicket 矮丛林地带; 灌木 丛. bramble / 5brmbl; `brAmbl/ n wild shrub with long prickly shoots; blackberry bush 荆棘; 黑莓灌木 丛. bran / brn; brAn/ n [U] outer covering of grain separated from the flour by sifting 糠; 麸. Cf 参看 husk 1. bran-tub n. (Brit) tub containing bran or sawdust in which small gifts are hidden; lucky dip 糠桶（装 有糠或锯末的摸彩桶, 内藏小件礼物）. branch / brB:ntF; ?@ brntF; brAntF/ n 1 arm-like division of a tree, growing from the trunk or from a bough 树枝: He climbed up the tree and hid among the branches. 他爬上树, 藏在树枝后面. =>illus at App 1 见附录1 之插图, page i. 2 similar division of a river, road, railway or mountain range （河流、公路、铁路或山脉的）类似分支: a branch of the Rhine 莱茵河的支流 * [attrib 作 定语] a branch line, ie a division of a main railway line, serving country areas 支线（铁路干线通往乡 村的分支）. 3 subdivision of a family, a subject of knowledge, or a group of languages （家族的） 分支; （知识的）分科; （语言的）分系: His uncle's branch of the family emigrated to Australia. 他 的家族中叔父这一支系已移居澳大利亚. * Gynaecology is a branch of medicine. 妇科学是医学的 一个分科. 4 local office or shop belonging to a large firm or organization （属于某大公司或机构 的）地方办事处或分店: The bank has branches in all parts of the country. 该银行在全国各地设有分 行. * [attrib 作定语] a branch post office 邮局的分局. 5 (idm 习语) root and branch => root1. branch v. [I] 1 (of a tree) send out or divide into branches （指树）长出枝, 分出枝杈. 2(of a road) divide into branches （指道路）分岔: The road branches after the level-crossing. 这条路在经 过平面交叉道口后岔开了. 3 (phr v) branch `off (of a vehicle or road) turn from one road into a (usu) smaller one （指车辆或大路）转入或转为（通常为）小路: The car in front of us suddenly branched off to the left. 我们前面的那辆汽车突然转入左边的小路上去了. * The road to the village branches off on the right. 通往该村的道路向右转为一条小路. branch `out (into sth) extend or expand one's activities or interests in a new direction 向新的方向扩展自己的活动或兴趣: The company began by specializing in radios but has now decided to branch out into computers. 该公司 开始时专营无线电器材, 现在已决定扩展业务经营计算机了. * She's leaving the company to branch out on her own. 她打算脱离这家公司, 自己开业. brand / brnd; brAnd/ n 1 (a) particular make of goods or their trade mark 商品的牌子; 商标: Which brand of toothpaste do you prefer? 你爱用什麽牌子的牙膏? * [attrib 作定语] a `brand name 商标名称* brand loyalty, ie tendency of customers to continue buying the same brand 对某商标的 信赖（顾客购买同一牌子商品的倾向）. (b) particular type or kind 特殊的种类: a strange brand of humour 一种古怪的幽默. 2 piece of burning wood 燃烧著的木头. 3 (a) mark of identification (esp on cattle and sheep) made with a hot iron 烙印（尤指打在牛羊身上的）. (b) (also `branding-iron) iron used for this （作上述用的）烙铁. =>illus at iron 见iron 之插图. brand v. 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (on sth) mark sth with or as if with a brand(3a) （似）在某事物上打 烙印: On big farms cattle are usually branded. 大农场里的牛通常打有烙印. * (fig 比喻) The experiences of his unhappy childhood are branded on his memory. 他童年的不幸遭遇铭刻在他的记 忆里. 2 [Tn, Cn.n, Cn.n/a] ~ sb (as sth) give a bad name to sb; denounce sb 给某人加上污名; 谴责 某人: The scandal branded him for life. 这件丑事使他终生蒙受耻辱. * He was branded (as) a trouble-maker for taking part in the demonstration. 他因参加了示威游行而被指责为捣乱分子. brand-new adj. completely new 全新的; 崭新的. branding-iron n. = brand 3b. brandish / 5brndIF; `brAndIF/ v [Tn] wave (sth) in a triumphant or threatening way; display 得意地 或威胁地挥动（某物）; 显示: brandish a gun, a knife, an axe, etc 挥舞枪、刀子、斧头等 * The demonstrators brandished banners and shouted slogans. 示威者挥舞著旗帜, 呼喊著口号. brandy / 5brndI; `brAndI/ n (a) [U] strong alcoholic drink distilled from wine or fermented fruit-juice 白兰地. (b) [C] type of brandy 一种白兰地: Cognac and Armagnac are fine brandies. 科尼亚克和阿 马尼亚克是两种优质白兰地. (c) [C] glass of brandy 一杯白兰地: Two brandies and soda, please. 劳驾, 来两杯白兰地加苏打水. brandy-snap n. crisp rolled gingerbread wafer, often filled with cream 白兰地小脆饼（常有奶油夹 层）. brash / brF; brAF/ adj (derog 贬) 1 (of a person, his manner, etc) confident in a rude or aggressive way; impudently self-assertive （指人、态度等）粗鲁而自信的, 盛气凌人的, 自以为是的: His brash answers annoyed the interviewers. 他回答问题自以为是, 面试的人感到很不痛快. 2 (of colours, clothing, etc) loud; garish; showy （指颜色、衣服等）花哨的, 俗气的: He was wearing a rather brash tie. 他系著一条颇为显眼的领带. brashly adv. brashness n. [U]. brass / brB:s; ?@ brs; brAs/ n 1 [U] bright yellow metal made by mixing copper and zinc 黄铜: [attrib 作定语] brass doorknobs, buttons 黄铜的门把手、钮扣* a brass foundry 黄铜铸造厂. 2 (a) [U] objects made of brass, eg candlesticks, ornaments, etc 黄铜制品（如烛台、饰物等）: do/clean/polish the brass 处理[擦净/擦亮]黄铜器. (b) [C] brass ornament worn by a horse 马戴的黄 铜饰物. 3 the brass [Gp] (group of people in an orchestra who play) wind instruments made of brass （乐队中的）铜管乐器（组）: The brass is/are too loud. 铜管乐的声音过大. =>illus at App 1 见附 录1 之插图, page x.4 [C] (esp Brit) brass memorial tablet fixed to the floor or wall of a church （教堂 的地上或墙上的）黄铜纪念牌. 5 [U] (Brit sl 俚) money 钱: He's got plenty of brass. 他很有钱. 6 [U] (infml 口) impudence; cheek 厚颜无耻; 厚脸皮: He had the brass to ask his boss for a 20% pay rise. 他厚著脸皮要求老板给他增加20% 的工资. 7 (idm 习语) bold as brass => bold. get down to brass `tacks (infml 口) start to consider the basic facts or practical details of sth 开始考虑某 事物的基本事实或具体细节. top brass => top1. brassy adj. (-ier, -iest) 1 like brass in colour 黄铜色的. 2 like a brass musical instrument in sound; harsh; blaring 声如铜管乐器的; 刺耳的; 嘹亮的. 3 (esp of a woman, her manner, etc) vulgarly showy and impudent; loud and flashy （尤指女人、其举止等）俗不可耐的, 无耻招摇的, 花 里胡哨的. brassily adv. brassiness n. [U]. brass band band playing brass and percussion instruments only 铜管乐队. brass hat ( infml 口esp Brit) high-ranking officer in the army; any important person 高级军官; 要 员. brass knuckles ( US) = knuckleduster (knuckle. brass plate plate of brass displayed outside a house or office, giving the name and profession of the occupant 黄 铜门牌. brass-rubbing n. 1 [U] making a copy of the design on a brass(4) by rubbing a piece of paper placed over it with chalk or wax （用粉笔或蜡笔在覆盖于黄铜纪念牌上的纸上涂画以）拓印图案. 2 [C] copy made in this way （使用上述方法制成的）拓印品. brasserie / 5brsErI; 9brAsE`ri/ n type of restaurant serving esp beer with food （以售啤酒为主的）餐 馆. brassiere / 5brsIE(r); ?@ brE5zIEr; brE`zIr/ (also bra/brB:; brB/) n woman's undergarment worn to support the breasts 乳罩. brat / brAt; brAt/ n (derog 贬) child, esp a badly-behaved one 孩子; （尤指）顽童. bravado / brE5vB:dEU; brE`vBdo/ n [U] (usu unnecessary or false) display of boldness （通常指无必 要的或虚伪的）逞能, 虚张声势: Take no notice of his threats they're sheer bravado. 别理会他的 威胁--完全是虚张声势. brave / breIv; brev/ adj (-r, -st) 1 (of a person) ready to face and endure danger, pain or suffering; having no fear; courageous （指人）勇敢的; 无畏的; 有勇气的: brave men and women 勇敢的男 男女女* Be brave! 勇敢些! * It was brave of her to go into the burning building. 她进入了燃烧著 的大楼, 真勇敢. * He was very brave about his operation. 他对手术毫无惧色. 2 (of an action) requiring or showing courage （指行为）需要勇气的, 表现勇敢的: a brave act, deed, speech 有勇 气的举动、行为、讲话* a brave fight against disease 与疾病进行的毫不畏惧的斗争. 3 (idm 习 语) (a) brave new world (catchphrase often ironic 警语, 常作反语) a new era resulting from revolutionary changes, reforms, etc in society 美好的新世界（社会经历革命、改革等之后的新时 期）. brave n. 1 [C] N American Indian warrior 北美洲的印第安战士. 2 the brave [pl v] brave people 勇敢的人: the brave who died in battle 阵亡的英勇战士. brave v. 1 [Tn] endure or face (sth/sb) without showing fear 以无畏的精神忍受或面对（某事物 [某人]）: brave dangers 冒著危险* brave one's critics 勇于面对批评* We decided to brave (ie go out in spite of) the bad weather. 尽管天气不好, 我们仍决定要出去. 2 (phr v) brave it `out face hostility, suspicion or blame defiantly 对含敌意、猜疑或责难的言行持对抗态度: He tried to brave it out when the police questioned him. 警察盘问他时, 他想硬著头皮顶过去. bravely adv. bravery / 5breIvErI; `brevErI/ n [U] being brave; courage 勇气; 胆量: a medal for bravery in battle 授予在战斗中表现英勇者的奖章. bravo / 9brB:5vEU; `brBvo/ interj, n (pl ~s) shout of approval, esp to an actor or a performer 喝采声 （尤用以称赞演员或表演者）: Bravo! Well played! 好哇! 演得好哇! bravura / brE5vUErE; brE`vJrE/ n [U] (in a musical performance) brilliant style or technique （音乐演 奏中）优美的风格或精湛的技巧: [attrib 作定语] a bravura performance 精采的演奏. brawl / brR:l; brRl/ n noisy quarrel or fight 大声争吵; 打架: a drunken brawl in a bar 在酒吧间里醉 汉的吵闹. brawl v. [I] take part in a brawl 打闹: gangs of youths brawling in the street 在街上打打闹闹的一 帮青年. brawler n. brawn / brR:n; brRn/ n [U] 1 strong muscles; muscular strength 强壮的肌肉; 强健的体力: a job needing brains (ie intelligence) rather than brawn 需用脑力而非体力的工作. 2 (Brit) (US head cheese) meat, esp from a pig's or calf's head, boiled, chopped and pressed in a mould with jelly 肉冻 （尤指猪的或牛犊的头肉, 煮熟切碎加果胶或明胶模压而成）. brawny adj. (-ier, -iest) strong and muscular 强壮的; 肌肉发达的: brawny arms 肌肉发达的胳膊. bray / breI; bre/ n (a) cry of a donkey 驴叫声. (b) sound like this 似驴叫的声音. bray v. [I] make this cry or sound （驴）叫; 发出似驴叫的声音: a braying laugh 粗声大笑. brazen / 5breIzn; `brezn/ adj 1 (derog 贬) shameless; insolent 无耻的; 无礼的: brazen insolence, rudeness, etc 不知羞耻的无礼举动、粗野举动等* a brazen hussy 恬不知耻的荡妇. 2 (a) made of brass; like brass 黄铜制的; 黄铜般的. (b) having a harsh brassy sound 声音响亮刺耳的: the brazen notes of a trumpet 喇叭的响亮的声音. brazen v. (phr v) brazen it `out behave, after doing wrong, as if one has nothing to be ashamed of （做错事以后）显出若无其事的样子. brazenly adv shamelessly 厚颜无耻地. brazier / 5breIzIE(r); `breVL/ n open metal framework for holding a charcoal or coal fire （金属的） 火盆. breach / bri:tF; britF/ n 1 [C, U] breaking or neglect (of a law, an agreement, a duty, etc) 违犯, 违反 （法规、协议、职责等）: a breach of loyalty, trust, protocol, etc 不忠、背信、背约等* a breach of confidence, ie giving away a secret 泄密* sue sb for breach of contract 控告某人违反合同 * a breach of security, ie failure to protect official secrets 破坏安全的行为（泄露政府机密）. 2 [C] break in usu friendly relations between people or groups （友好关系的）中断: a breach of diplomatic relations between two countries 两国之间外交关系的破裂. 3 [C] opening, eg one made in a wall by attacking forces or the sea 缺口（如墙上或堤上的突破口）: The huge waves made a breach in the sea wall. 大浪在堤上冲出一个缺口. 4 (idm 习语) step into the breach => step1. breach v. [Tn] make a gap in (a defensive wall, etc) （在防御工事等上）打开缺口: Our tanks have breached the enemy defences. 我方坦克突破了敌人的防线. breach of promise ( law 律) (formerly) breaking of a promise to marry sb （旧时）悔婚. breach of the peace ( law 律) crime of causing a public disturbance, eg by fighting in the street 扰 乱治安罪（如在街上斗殴）. bread / bred; brZd/ n [U] 1 food made of flour, water and usu yeast, kneaded and then baked 面包: a loaf/slice/piece of bread 一条[片/块]面包 * brown/white bread 黑[白]面包. =>illus 见插图. 2 (sl 俚) money 钱. 3 (idm 习语) ,bread and `water plainest possible food 简单的饮食: I had to live on bread and water when I was a student. 我上大学时只能靠粗茶淡饭过活. cast one's bread upon the water(s) => cast1. one's daily bread => daily. half a loaf is better than none/than no bread => half. know which side one's bread is buttered => know. take the bread out of sb's `mouth take away sb's means of earning a living 使某人无以为生; 砸某人的饭碗. breaded adj. (of meat or fish) sprinkled with breadcrumbs for cooking （指肉或鱼）（为烹饪用）撒 上面包屑的. bread and butter / 9bred n 5bQtE(r); `brZdn`bQtL/ 1 slices of bread spread with butter 抹黄油的面 包片. 2 (infml 口) (way of earning) one's living 生活; 生计; 谋生之道: Acting is his bread and butter. 演戏就是他的饭碗. * How does he earn his bread and butter? 他怎样谋生? * [attrib 作定语] Jobs, pensions and housing are the bread-and-butter issues of politics, ie the basic ones. 就业、养老金 和住房问题是和政治有关的基本问题. 3 (idm 习语) a bread-and-`butter letter letter thanking a host or hostess for hospitality 感谢款待的信. bread-bin n. container for keeping loaves of bread in 面包盒; 面包箱. breadboard n. board of wood, etc for cutting bread on 切面包板. breadcrumbs n. [pl] tiny pieces of bread, usu from the inner part of a loaf 面包屑（通常得自面包 瓤）: fish covered with breadcrumbs and then fried 裹上面包屑后煎炸的鱼. bread-fruit / 5bredfru:t; `brZd9frut/ n [C, U] round edible tropical fruit with white starchy pulp 面包 果（一种可食的圆形热带水果, 果肉白色, 含淀粉）. bread-winner / 5bredwInE(r); `brZd9wInL/ n person whose earnings support his or her family 养家活 口者: Mum's the bread-winner in our family. 妈妈养活我们全家. breadline / 5bredlaIn; `brZd9laIn/ n 1 queue of people waiting for free food given as charity 等候领 救济食品的队伍. 2 (idm 习语) on the breadline very poor 极其穷困: We've been living on the breadline for weeks. 几个星期以来我们一直吃了上顿没下顿. breadth / bredW; brZdW/ n 1 [U, C] distance or measurement from side to side; width 宽度: a garden, room, river ten metres in breadth 十米宽的花园、房间、河流* pieces of material of different breadths 宽度不一的料子. =>illus at dimension 见dimension 之插图. 2 [U] wide extent (eg of knowledge); range 宽广的程度（如指知识）; 范围: Her breadth of experience makes her ideal for the job. 她经验丰富, 最能胜任这项工作. 3 [U] freedom from narrow-mindedness or prejudice 宽宏 大量的; 不抱偏见的: show breadth of mind, outlook, opinions, etc 在思想、观点、见解等方面表现 宽宏大度. 4 (idm 习语) by a hair/a hair's breadth => hair. the length and breadth of sth => length. break / breIk; brek/ v (pt broke/ brEUk; brok/, pp broken/ 5brEUkEn; `brokEn/) 1 (a) [I, Ipr] ~ (in/into sth) (of a whole object) separate into two or more parts as a result of force or strain (but not by cutting) （指完整物体）破, 碎, 断（非切割所致）: The string broke. 绳子断了. * Glass breaks easily. 玻璃容易破碎. * The bag broke under the weight of the shopping inside it. 买的东西太重, 把袋子 撑破了. * She dropped the plate and it broke into pieces/in two. 她把盘子摔碎[两半]了. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (in/into sth) cause (a whole object) to do this 弄破, 弄碎, 弄断（完整物体）: break a cup, vase, window, etc 打破杯子、花瓶、窗户等* She fell off a ladder and broke her arm. 她从梯子上 摔下来, 跌断了胳膊. * If you pull too hard you will break the rope. 如果太用力拉, 就会把绳子拉 断. * He broke the bar of chocolate into two (pieces). 他把巧克力掰成两半. 2 [I, Tn] become unusable by being damaged; make (sth) unusable by damaging 已坏; 损坏（某物）: My watch is broken. 我的表坏了. 3 [Tn] cut the surface of (the skin) so as to cause bleeding 弄破（皮肤）表面 以致出血: The dog bit me but didn't break the skin. 那狗咬了我一口, 但是没有把皮咬破. 4 [Tn] not follow or obey (sth); fail to observe (a law, promise, etc) 不依从或不服从（某事物）; 不遵守（法 律、诺言等）: break the law, the rules, the conditions, etc 违反法律、规则、所定条件等* break an agreement, a contract, a promise, one's word, etc 违反协议、合同、诺言、自己说的话等* break an appointment, ie fail to come to it 爽约（未能赴约）* He was breaking the speed limit, ie travelling faster than the law allows. 他违章超速行驶. 5 [I, Ip] ~ (off) stop doing sth for a while; pause 稍停; 停顿: Let's break for tea. 咱们停一停, 喝点儿茶. 6 [Tn] (a) destroy the continuity of (sth); interrupt 中断（某事物）; 打断: break sb's concentration 分散某人的注意力 * We broke our journey (to London) at Oxford, ie stopped in Oxford on the way to London. 我们在牛津中止了（去 伦敦的）行程. * a broken night's sleep, ie a night during which the sleeper keeps waking 夜间断断续 续? break down ( a) cease to function because of a mechanical, electrical, etc fault （因机械、电力等故 障）停止运转, 失灵, 失效: The telephone system has broken down. 电话系统失灵了. * We (ie Our car) broke down on the motorway. 我们（的汽车）在高速公路上抛锚了. (b) fail; collapse 失败; 崩 溃; 瓦解; 垮: Negotiations between the two sides have broken down. 双方谈判已经破裂. * If law and order break down, anarchy will result. 法治一垮, 就会出现无政府状态. (c) (of sb's health) become very bad; collapse （指某人健康状况）变得恶劣; 垮: Her health broke down under the pressure of work. 工作的压力把她的身体弄垮了. (d) lose control of one's feelings 感情失去控制: He broke down and wept when he heard the news. 他听到这个消息时不禁痛哭起来. break (sth) down (esp of money spent) be divided or divide into parts by analysis （尤指金钱花费）分成几部分, 细分: Expenditure on the project breaks down as follows: wages 10m, plant 4m, raw materials 5m. 该 工程费用开支可分成如下几部分: 工资一千万英镑, 厂房设备四百万英镑, 原料五百万英镑. break sth down (a) make sth collapse by striking it hard 猛击某物使之毁坏: Firemen had to break the door down to reach the people trapped inside. 消防人员须破门而入, 才能抢救困在屋里的人. (b) cause sth to collapse; overcome, conquer or destroy sth 使某事物瓦解; 镇压、克服、破坏某事 物: break down resistance, opposition, etc 镇压抵抗、反抗等* break down sb's reserve, shyness, etc 克服某人的沉默、羞怯等心态* How can we break down the barriers of fear and hostility which divide the two communities? 怎样才能消除这两地区人民之间的恐惧和仇恨呢? (c) change the chemical composition of sth 改变某物的化学成分: Sugar and starch are broken down in the stomach. 糖和淀粉在胃里被分解. break sth from sth remove sth from sth larger by breaking 折断某物以除去其中某部分: He broke a piece of bread from the loaf. 他从长条面包中掰下一小块. break in enter a building by force 强行进入屋内: Burglars had broken in while we were away on holiday. 我 们假日外出时, 窃贼曾进入屋内. break sb/sth in train and discipline sb/sth 训练某人[某物]: break in new recruits, a young horse 训练新兵、驯服小马. break in (on sth) interrupt or disturb (sth) 打断, 干扰（某事物）: Please don't break in on our conversation. 请别打断我们的谈话. break into sth ( a) enter sth by force 强行进入某处: His house was broken into (eg by burglars) last week. 上星期有人闯入他的房屋（如窃贼）. (b) suddenly begin (to laugh, sing, cheer, etc) 突然开 始（大笑、唱歌、欢呼等）: As the President's car arrived, the crowd broke into loud applause. 总统 的汽车到达时, 群众中爆发出热烈的掌声. (c) suddenly change (from a slower to a faster pace) 突 然改变（由慢到快）: break into a trot/canter/gallop （马）突然改成小跑[慢跑/飞跑] * The man broke into a run when he saw the police. 那人一见到警察, 拔腿就跑. (d) (of an activity) use up (time that would normally be spent doing sth else) （指活动）用去（应做其他事情的时间）: All this extra work I'm doing is breaking into my leisure time. 我目前的这一切额外工作用去了我的闲暇时间. (e) use (a banknote or coin of high value) to buy sth costing less 使用（大面值的钞票或硬币）购买低于该 面值的某事物: I can't pay the 50p I owe you without breaking into a 5 note. 我得把一张5 英镑的钞 票兑开, 才能把欠你的50 便士付给你. (f) open and use (sth kept for an emergency) 动用（应急储 备物资）: break into emergency supplies of food 动用应急储备的食物. break off stop speaking 停止讲话: He broke off in the middle of a sentence. 他一句话只说了一半就停住了. break (sth) off ( cause sth to) become separated from sth as a result of force or strain （使某物）折 断: The door handle has broken off. 门的把手断了. * She broke off a piece of chocolate and gave it to me. 她掰下一块巧克力给我. break sth off end sth suddenly; discontinue sth 突然中止某事物; 中断某事物: break off diplomatic relations (with a country) 中断（与某国的）外交关系 * They've broken off their engagement/broken it off. 他们已经解除了婚约. break out ( of violent events) start suddenly （指激烈事件）突然发生: Fire broke out during the night. 夜间突然发生了火灾. * Rioting broke out between rival groups of fans. 双方球迷之间发生 了骚乱. * War broke out in 1939. 1939 年爆发了战争. Cf 参看outbreak. break out (of sth) escape from a place by using force （强行）逃出某处: Several prisoners broke out of the jail. 有几名囚犯 越狱了. Cf 参看break-out. break out in sth (a) suddenly become covered in sth 突然布满某物: His face broke out in a rash. 他的脸上突然长满了皮疹. * He broke out in a cold sweat, eg through fear. 他出了一身冷汗（如由于恐惧）. (b) suddenly begin to show strong feelings 突然流露出强烈的感 情: She broke out in a rage. 她勃然大怒. break through make new and important discoveries 有重要创见; 突破: Scientists say they are beginning to break through in the fight against cancer. 科学家们说, 他们在防治癌症方面开始有所突破. break through (sth) (a) make a way through (sth) using force; penetrate (sth) 强行穿过（某事物）; 插入（某事物）: Demonstrators broke through the police cordon. 示威群众突破了警戒线. (b) (of the sun or moon) appear from behind (clouds) （指太阳或月亮）从（云层）后面出现: The sun broke through at last in the afternoon. 太阳在下午终于从云层后面钻出来了. break through sth overcome sth 克服某事物: break through sb's reserve, shyness, etc 克服某人的沉默、羞怯等心态. break up ( a) (of members of a group) go away in different directions; disperse （指群体中的成员） 解散, 散去: The meeting broke up at eleven o'clock. 会议在十一点钟散会. (b) (Brit) (of a school, its staff or its pupils) begin the holidays when school closes at the end of term （指学校、教职员或学 生）期末放假: When do you break up for Christmas? 你们什麽时候放圣诞节假? (c) become very weak; collapse 变得衰弱; 瓦解; 崩溃: He was breaking up under the strain. 他劳累过度, 身体逐 渐衰弱. (d) (esp of a period of fine weather) end （尤指一段时期的好天气）结束: The weather shows signs of breaking up. 好天气看样子要过去了. break (sth) up (a) (cause sth to) separate into smaller pieces by cutting, striking, etc （将某物）割碎, 击碎, 打碎, 撞碎: The ship broke up on the rocks. 船触礁撞毁了. * The ship was broken up for scrap metal. 这艘船拆毁了当废铁用. (b) (cause sth to) come to an end （使某事物）结束: Their marriage is breaking up. 他们的婚姻已破裂. * They decided to break up the partnership. 他们决定终止合作关系. break sth up (a) disperse or scatter sth using force 强行驱散某物: Police were called in to break up the meeting. 出动了警察将集会驱散. (b) divide sth by means of analysis, an administrative decision, etc （通过分析、行政决定等方法） 分开某事物: Sentences can be broken up into clauses. 句子可分成分句. * The Government has broken up the large private estates. 政府把大片的私人地产分割开. break up (with sb) end a relationship with sb 与某人绝交: She's just broken up with her boy-friend. 她刚与男朋友绝交. break with sb end a relationship with sb 与某人绝交: break with one's girl-friend 与女朋友绝交. break with sth give up sth; abandon sth 与某事物决裂; 放弃某事物: break with tradition, old habits, the past, etc 与传统、旧习惯、过去等决裂. breakable / 5breIkEbl; `brekEbl/ adj easily broken 易碎的. breakables n [pl] breakable objects, eg glasses and cups 易碎的物品（如玻璃杯和瓷杯）. breakaway n. loss of members from a group by withdrawal; secession 脱离组织; 退出: a breakaway from the Tory party 脱离保守党 * [attrib 作定语] a breakaway group on the left of the Labour party 脱离工党左派的组织. break-dancing n. [U] energetic and acrobatic style of dancing, often competitive or as a display, esp popular with young Black Americans 霹雳舞. break-in n. forcible entry into a building 闯入某建筑物: Police are investigating a break-in at the bank. 警方正在调查有人闯入银行的事件. break-out n. escape from prison, esp one involving the use of force （尤指强行）越狱: a mass break-out of prisoners 囚犯集体越狱. breakthrough n. 1 act of breaking through an enemy's defences 突破敌人防线. 2 important development or discovery, esp in scientific knowledge 重大的发展, 发现, 突破（尤指科学知识方 面）: a major breakthrough in cancer research 癌症研究方面的重大突破* a breakthrough in negotiations 谈判的重大进展. breakup n. end (of a relationship or partnership) （关系或合作的）决裂: The breakup of their marriage surprised no one. 他们婚姻破裂谁都不觉得奇怪. break / breIk; brek/ n 1 ~ (in sth) (a) opening made by breaking; broken place 裂缝; 破裂处: a break in a fence, wall, water-pipe 篱笆、墙壁、水管的裂口. (b) gap; space 空隙; 空间: a break in the clouds, ie where blue sky is visible 云层间的空隙（可以看到蓝天）* Wait for a break in the traffic before crossing the road. 要等到暂无车辆来往时, 再过马路. 2 (a) interval, esp between periods of work; pause （时间的）间隙（尤指工作期间的）; 停歇: morning break, eg between lessons at school 上午的休息（如课间时）* lunch-break, eg in an office, a school or a factory 午餐时间的休 息（如办公室、学校或工厂中的）* have/take an hour's break for lunch 休息一小时进午餐 * work for five hours without a break 五小时一直不间断地工作* a break in a conversation 谈话中的停顿. (b) short holiday 短期假日: a weekend break in the country 在乡村过的周末假日. 3 ~ (in sth); ~ (with sb/sth) (a) change or interruption in sth continuous （有连贯性的事物的）改变, 中断: a break in a child's education 孩子教育的中断* a break in the weather, ie a change from bad to good weather 天气的转变（由坏转好）* a break with tradition, ie a significant change from what is accepted in art, behaviour, morals, etc 与旧传统决裂（背离公认的艺术、行为、道德等准则）. (b) discontinuation or end of a relationship 中止或断绝关系: a break in diplomatic relations 外交关系 的中断* She's been depressed since the break with her boy-friend. 她自从与男朋友断绝关系以来 一直情绪消沉. 4 (infml 口) piece of luck, esp one that leads to further success 机会; 幸运; （尤 指）转运, 转机: a big/lucky break 难得的[幸运的]机会* a bad break, ie a piece of bad luck 坏运 气（倒霉）* give sb a break, ie a chance to show his ability 给某人一次机会（表现才能的时机）. 5 (in cricket) change in direction of a bowled ball as it bounces （板球）（投的球）改向反弹: an off/a leg break, ie a ball that spins to the right/left on bouncing 球向右的[左的]旋转反弹. 6 (also break of service, service break) (in tennis) instance of winning a point when one's opponent is serving （网 球）接对手发球时 break NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Break applies especially to a rest during the working day or at school *break 尤用作工间或课间的休息: a lunch, coffee break 午餐时间的、喝咖啡时间的休息 * the mid-morning break 上午的中间休息* 10 minutes' break 10 分钟的休息. It also covers the meanings of several other words. 这个词还含有其他几个词的意思. A pause is usually short and often applied to speech *pause 通常为时很短, 常用于指讲话中的停顿: a pause for breath 喘口气 的停顿* a pause/break in the conversation 谈话中的停顿. Recess is the scheduled holiday of Parliament, and in US English it is also the break between school classes.*recess 是议会的规定假日, 美式英语中还指学校课间的休息. An interval in British English is the break between the parts of a play, etc *interval 在英式英语中指戏剧等演出的幕间休息: We had a quick drink in the interval. 我 们在中间休息时匆匆喝了点东西. This is also called an intermission, especially in US English. 这种 休息也叫 intermission, 尤用于美式英语. An interlude may be an interval or a short event during a longer activity, often contrasting with it *interlude 可指interval, 也可指在一长期活动中的片段, 往 往是相对长期活动而言的: Her time in Paris was a happy interlude in a difficult career. 她在巴黎期 间是她艰辛的事业中一段愉快的插曲. A rest does not indicate a definite length of time, but suggests a necessary period of relaxation after an activity *rest 不表示确切的时间长短, 而是指在一活动之 后需要松驰的一段时间: You look tired. You need a good rest. 你看来累了. 你需要好好休息一下. breakage / 5breIkIdV; `brekIdV/ n 1 [C, U] act of or damage caused by breaking 毁坏; 破损: a parcel carefully packed to prevent breakage 防止破损而仔细包好的包裹. 2 [C] broken thing 破损 之物. 3 [C usu pl 通常作复数] broken objects 破损物件: The hotel allows 300 a year for breakages, ie for the cost of replacing broken dishes, etc. 这家旅馆每年打出300 英镑的损耗费（盘 碟等损坏补充费用）. breakdown / 5breIkdaUn; `brek9daJn/ n 1 mechanical failure 机械的故障: Our car/We had a breakdown on the motorway. 我们的汽车[我们]在高速公路上抛锚了. 2 collapse or failure 瓦解; 失败; 破裂: a breakdown of negotiations on disarmament 裁军谈判的破裂. 3 weakening or collapse of sb's (esp mental) health 身体（尤指精神）衰弱: The strain of his job led to the complete breakdown of his health. 他工作过度, 把身体完全累垮了. * She suffered a nervous breakdown. 她 患神经衰弱. 4 statistical analysis 统计分析: a breakdown of expenditure 支出的统计分析. breaker / 5breIkE(r); `brekL/ n 1 large wave that breaks into foam as it moves towards the shore 大 浪（拍岸而成浪花的）. 2 (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) person or thing that breaks 击 碎者; 打破者: a ship-breaker * a law-breaker * a record-breaker. breakfast / 5brekfEst; `brZkfEst/ n [C, U] 1 first meal of the day 一天的第一顿饭; 早餐; 早饭: a light/big/hearty breakfast 量少的[量多的/丰富的]早餐* have bacon and eggs for breakfast 早餐有 腌猪肉和鸡蛋* They were having breakfast when I arrived. 我到达时, 他们正在用早餐. * She doesn't eat much breakfast. 她早点吃得不多. 2 (idm 习语) bed and breakfast => bed1. a dog's breakfast/dinner => dog1. eat sb for breakfast => eat. breakfast v. [I, Ipr] ~ (on sth) eat breakfast 用早餐; 吃早饭: We breakfasted on toast and coffee. 我们用的早餐是烤面包片和咖啡. breakneck / 5breIknek; `brek9nZk/ adj [attrib 作定语] dangerously fast 快得危险的: drive, ride, travel, etc at breakneck speed 以非常危险的高速度开车、骑马、行进等. breakwater / 5breIkwR:tE(r); `brek9wRtL/ n wall built out into the sea to protect a coast or harbour from the force of the waves 防波堤. bream / bri:m; brim/ n (pl unchanged 复数不变) 1 type of freshwater fish of the carp family 欧鲷 （一种鲤科的淡水鱼）. 2 (also `sea-bream) type of salt-water fish similar to this 鲷科的海鱼. breast / brest; brZst/ n 1 [C] either of the two parts of a woman's body that produce milk （女子的） 乳房: a baby at the breast 哺乳的婴孩* cancer of the breast 乳（腺）癌* The breasts swell during pregnancy. 怀孕期乳房发胀. 2 [C] (a) (rhet 修辞) upper front part of the human body; chest （人 体的）胸部, 胸膛: clasp/hold sb to one's breast 把某人拥抱在怀里. (b) part of a garment covering this （衣服的）胸部: a soldier with medals pinned to the breast of his coat 胸前别著许多奖章的士 兵. 3 [C, U] part of an animal corresponding to the human breast, eaten as food （动物的）胸脯（作 食物用者）: chicken breasts 鸡胸脯* breast of lamb 羔羊胸脯. 4 (dated 旧) source of feelings; heart 心情; 思绪: a troubled breast 心烦意乱. 5 (idm 习语) beat one's breast => beat1. make a clean breast of sth => clean1. breast v. [Tn] 1 (a) touch (sth) with the breast(2a) 以胸部触及（某物）: The runner breasted the tape, ie to win a race. 赛跑者以胸部触线（赛跑获胜）. (b) face and move forward against (sth) 挺 身冲向（某事物）: breasting the waves 破浪前进. 2 reach the top of (sth) 抵达（某事物）的顶 端: breast a hill/rise 抵达山[岗]的顶端. breastbone (also sternum) n. thin flat vertical bone in the chest between the ribs 胸骨. =>illus at skeleton 见skeleton 之插图. breast-feed v. (pt, pp `breast-fed) [Tn] feed (a baby) with milk from the breast 用乳房的奶喂（婴 儿）: Were her children breast-fed or bottle-fed? 她的孩子喂的是人奶还是牛奶? breast-high adj, adv high as the breast 齐胸高（的）: The wheat was/stood breast-high. 麦子长得齐胸高. breastplate n. piece of armour covering the breast 护胸甲. breast pocket pocket on the breast of a jacket （上衣）胸前的口袋. breast-stroke n. [sing] swimming stroke, with chest downwards, in which the arms are extended in front of the head and then swept back, while the legs move in a corresponding way 蛙泳: do (the) breast-stroke 游蛙泳. breastwork n. low wall of earth, etc put up as a temporary defence 胸墙. breath / breW; brZW/ n 1 (a) [U] (also infml 口语亦作puff) air taken into and sent out of the lungs （呼吸的）空气: You can see people's breath on a cold day. 冷天能看到人们呼出的空气. * His breath smelt of garlic. 他呼出的气中有蒜味. (b) [C] single act of taking air into the lungs 吸气: take a deep breath, ie fill the lungs with air 深吸一口气. 2 ~ of sth [sing] slight movement of air; gently blowing（空气的）轻微流动; 微风: There wasn't a breath of air/wind. 一点儿风都没有. 3 ~ of sth [sing] (fig 比喻) slight suggestion or rumour of sth; hint of sth 迹象; 暗示: a breath of scandal 一丝 流言蜚语 * the first breath of spring 早春的气息. 4 (idm 习语) a breath of fresh air (a) opportunity to breathe clean air, esp out of doors 呼吸新鲜空气的机会（尤指户外）. (b) person or thing that is a welcome and refreshing change 带来起色的人或事物: Her smile is a breath of fresh air in this gloomy office. 她的微笑给沉闷的办公室带来生气. the breath of `life (to/for sb) thing that stimulates or inspires (sb); thing that is necessary (to sb) （某人的）精神支柱; （某人）必不可少 的东西: Religion is the breath of life to/for her. 宗教是她不可或缺的精神支柱. catch one's breath => catch1. draw breath => draw2. draw one's first/last breath => draw2. get one's `breath (again/back) return to one's normal rate of breathing 恢复正常呼吸: It took us a few minutes to get our breath back after the race. 赛跑后我们用了好几分钟才恢复了正常呼吸. hold one's `breath stop breathing for a short time (eg during a medical examination or from fear or excitement) 暂时屏住呼吸（如体检 时或因恐惧、激动）: How long can you hold your breath for? 你能屏住呼吸多久? * The audience held its/their breath as the acrobat walked along the tightrope. 杂技演员走钢丝时, 观众都屏住了呼 吸. in the same breath => same. lose one's breath => lose. one's last/dying `breath last moment of one's life 临终. (be) out of/short of `breath breathing very quickly (eg after running fast); panting hard 呼 吸急促（如快跑以后）; 喘不过气来; 上气不接下气: His heart condition makes him sh breathy adj. (-ier, -iest) (of the voice) with a noticeable sound of breathing （指嗓音）带有明显呼 吸声音的. breath test test of a driver's breath to measure how much alcohol he has drunk 呼吸测验（对司机的呼吸的测验, 以确定其体内酒精含量）. breathalyse / 5breWElaIz; `brZWElaIz/ v test (sb) with a breathalyser （用呼吸分析器）检验（某人）. breathalyser n. (Brit) (US breathalyzer, drunkometer) device used by the police for measuring the amount of alcohol in a driver's breath 呼吸分析器（警方用以测量司机呼吸中的酒精含量的仪器）. breathe / bri:T; briT/ v 1 [I] take air into the lungs and send it out again 呼吸: People breathe more slowly when they are asleep. 人睡觉时呼吸比较缓慢. * She's still breathing, ie still alive. 她仍在呼 吸（还活著）. * He was breathing hard/heavily after racing for the train. 他跑著赶上火车以后, 吃 力地喘著气. 2 [Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ in/out; ~ sth (in/out) take (air, etc) into or send (it) out of the lungs 吸入或呼出（空气等）: The doctor told me to breathe in and then breathe out (again) slowly. 医生叫 我吸气然后（再）慢慢地呼出. * It's good to breathe (in) fresh country air instead of city smoke. 呼 吸乡间的新鲜空气而不吸入城市的烟尘是有益的. 3 [Tn] say (sth) softly; whisper 轻声说（某事）; 低语: breathe loving words in sb's ear 在某人耳边低语情话* breathe a threat 低声说出恐吓的话. 4 show that one is full of (a feeling); exude 表示充满（感情）; 流露: The team breathed confidence before the match. 该队在比赛前显得很有信心. 5 (idm 习语) (be able to) breathe (easily/freely) again feel calm or relieved after a period of tension, fear or exertion; relax （在一度紧张、恐惧或努 力之后）恢复平静或安下心来; 松口气: Now my debts are paid I can breathe again. 现在我已还清 欠债, 可以松口气了. breathe down sb's `neck (infml 口) be close behind sb (eg in a race); watch sb (too) closely 随后紧跟某人（如赛跑中）; 紧紧盯住（某人）: I can't concentrate with you breathing down my neck. 你这样紧紧盯著我, 使我精神无法集中. (not) breathe a `word (of/about sth) (to sb) (not) tell sb sth (esp a secret); (not) reveal sth to sb （不）告诉某人某事（尤指秘密）; （不）向某 人透露某事: Promise me you won't breathe a word of this to anyone. 答应我别将此事泄漏给任何 人. breathe one's `last (fml euph 文, 婉) die 断气. 6 (phr v) breathe sth into sb/sth fill (a person or group) with (a feeling) 使（某人或团体）充满（某种感情）: The new manager has breathed fresh life into (ie revitalized) the company. 新经理给公司带来了朝气. breathing n. [U] action of breathing 呼吸: heavy breathing 深沉的呼吸 * [attrib 作定语] breathing apparatus 呼吸器. breathing-space n. [C, U] time to rest between periods of effort; pause 歇口气的时间; 暂停: The summer holidays gave us a welcome breathing-space. 暑假给了我们一段愉快的歇夏时间. breather / 5bri:TE(r); `briTL/ n (infml 口) 1 short pause for rest 短时间的休息: take/have a breather 休息一下. 2 short period to refresh oneself in the open air （为提神而到户外的）短暂活 动: I must go out for a quick breather. 我得出去换换脑子了. breathless / 5breWlIs; `brZWlIs/ adj 1 (a) breathing quickly or with difficulty; panting 呼吸急促或 困难的; 气喘吁吁的: breathless after running up the stairs 跑上楼梯后气喘吁吁的 * Heavy smoking makes him breathless. 吸烟过多使他气喘. (b) causing one to be breathless; strenuous 引起Oxford Dictionary Translation memory software company ForeignDesk, Okapi Framework, OmegaT, Transolution, AidTransStudio, Cafetran, Déjà Vu (DVX), Heartsome Translation Suite, MemoQ, MetaTexis, Rainbow, SDLX, SDL, STAR Transit, Trados, SDL Trados, Wordfast, WordFisher, Similis, Open Language Tools http://www.transgood.com