TransGood-Translation memory software Trados, SDL, ForeignDesk, Wordfast, WordFisher, Déjà Vu (DVX), 译佳计算机辅助翻译软件, 雅信CAT TransGood, TransMemory, Translation Software Tools, Computer-assisted translation, computer-aided translation, CAT, machine-aided translation, Translation memory software, Terminology management software, Alignment software, Software localization tools, ?bersetzung Software, Logiciels de traduction, Software di traduzione, Traducción de Software, Mémoire de traduction, Tradu??o memória, Memoria de traducción, Memoria di traduzione, Перевод Software, ForeignDesk, Okapi Framework, OmegaT, Transolution, AidTransStudio, Cafetran, Déjà Vu (DVX), Heartsome Translation Suite, MemoQ, MetaTexis, Rainbow, SDLX, SDL, STAR Transit, Trados, SDL Trados, Wordfast, WordFisher, Similis, Open Language Tools, 翻訳ソフトウェア, 翻訳メモリ, 翻译软件 辅助翻译软件 计算机辅助翻译软件 人工智能翻译 翻译工具 专业翻译软件 翻译记忆软件 塔多思 Trados SDL WordFast 雅信CAT 翻译公司 牛津词典 Oxford Dictionary 购买某物* rising share, land, property values 上涨的股票、土地、房 地产的价值* gain, appreciate, go up, etc in value 增值* drop, fall, go down, e tc in value 贬值* order software to the value of 700 定购价值为700 英镑的软件. ( b) [U] worth of sth compared with the price paid for it 值（价值抵得上）; 上算: This tea is good value at 39p a packet. 这种茶39 便士一包, 很实惠. * Charter flig hts give/offer the best value for (your) money. 乘坐包机最合算. 2 [U] quality o f being useful or worthwhile or important 实用性; 有价值; 重要性: the value of r egular exercise 经常练习的好处* be of great, little, some, no, etc value to sb 对某人有很大、没什麽、有一些、毫无...帮助* have a high novelty, street, ente rtainment value 在创新方面、黑市上、娱乐性上有很高价值 * have a high energy, nutritionalvalue 有很高的能量、营养价值* the news value of a royal romance 皇室春情的新闻 价值. 3 values [pl] moral or professional standards of behaviour; principles 价值观念; 道德观念; 职业道德; 行为标准; 准则: artistic, legal, scientific values 艺术、法律、科学标准* a return to Victorian values 恢复到维多利亚时代的标准* the values of justice and democracy 正义和民主的 价值观 * hold, respect, adopt, etc a set of values 遵循、尊重、奉行...一套准则. 4 (a) [C] (mathematics 数) number or quantity represented by a letter 值; 数值: find the value of x 求x 的值. (b) [C] (music 音) full time indicated by a note 时值: Give the semibreve its full value. 奏出该全音 符的全音长. (c) [U] (in language) meaning; effect （语言的）意义, 作用: use a word with all its poetic value 充分发挥一词的诗意色彩. (d) [C] (in art) relation of light and shade （绘画的）明暗 关系: tone values in a painting 画中的色调值. Cf 参看face value (face1). value v. 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (at sth) estimate the money value of sth 估计某物的价值; 给某物估 价: He valued the house for me at 80000. 那所房子他给我估价80000 英镑. 2 [Tn, Cn.n/a] ~ sth/sb (as sth) (not used in the continuous tenses 不用于进行时态) have a high opinion of sth/sb 重视某事 物[某人]: value sb's advice 重视某人的劝告* value truth above all else 把真理看得比什麽都重要 * a valued client, customer, etc 重要的主顾、顾客等* Do you value her as a friend? 你把她当好 朋友吗? valuer n person whose profession is to estimate the money value of property, land, etc （房地 产等的）估价人. valueless adj. without value or effect; worthless 无价值的; 无效果的; 没用的. =>Usage at invaluable 用法见 invaluable. value added tax (abbr 缩写 VAT) tax on the rise in value of a product at each stage of its manufacture 增值税（随产品在各生产阶段增 加价值而加徵的税款）. value judgement ( derog 贬) estimate of moral, artistic,etc worth based on personal assessment rather than objective fact 价值判断（对道德、艺术等价值所作的主观评价）: make value judgements 作价值判断. valve / vlv; vAlv/ n 1 mechanical device for controlling the flow of air, liquid or gas in one direction only 阀; 阀门; 活门: the inlet/outlet valves of a petrol or steam engine 汽油发动机或蒸汽机的进 给[排放]阀* the valve of a bicycle tyre 自行车胎的气嘴* a safety, exhaust valve 安全阀、排气 阀. =>illus at App 1 见附录1 插图, page xiii. Cf 参看tap1 1. 2 structure in the heart or in a blood-vessel allowing the blood to flow in one direction only （心脏或血管的）瓣膜. 3 device in certain brass musical instruments, eg cornets, for changing the pitch by changing the length of the column of air （管乐器的）活塞. =>illus at App 1 见附录1 插图, page x. 4 (biology 生) each half of the hinged shell of oysters, mussels, etc 贝壳瓣. Cf 参看 bivalve. 5 = vacuum tube. valvular / 5vAlvjUlE(r); `vAlvjElL/ adj of valves, esp those regulating the flow of blood 阀的; （尤 指）（心脏或血管）瓣（膜）的: a valvular disease of the heart 心脏瓣膜疾病. vamoose / vE5mu:s; vA`mus/ v [I] (dated US infml 旧, 口) (often imperative 常用于祈使语气) go away quickly 快走开. vamp / vAmp; vAmp/ n upper front part of a boot or shoe 靴面或鞋面的前部. vamp / vAmp; vAmp/ v 1 [I, Tn] (esp derog 尤作贬义) improvise (a basic tune or accompaniment), esp on the piano 即席奏出（基本曲调或伴奏曲）（尤指用钢琴）. 2 (phr v) vamp sth up (infml 口) make sth new from old or existing material （用旧的或现有的材料）做出新的东西: vamp up some lectures out of/from old notes 用旧笔记中的材料拼凑成几篇讲演稿. vamp / vAmp; vAmp/ n (dated infml 旧, 口) (esp in the 1920's and 1930's) seductive woman using her attractions to exploit men （尤指二十世纪二十到三十年代）以色相勾引并利用男子的女子. vamp v. [I, Tn] exploit or flirt with (a man) unscrupulously 不道德地利用（男子）或与之调情. vampire / 5vAmpaIE(r); `vAmpaIr/ n 1 reanimated corpsebelieved by some to leave its grave at night and suck the blood of living people 吸血鬼（传说在夜间离开坟墓去吸人血的）. 2 ruthless person who preys on others 残酷剥削他人的人. 3 (also `vampire bat) any of various types of bloodsucking bat from Central and S America 吸血蝠（产于中南美洲）. van / vAn; vAn/ n 1 covered vehicle, with no side windows, for transporting goods or people （有篷 盖的）客货车: the `baker's van 装载面包的货车* a `furniture/re`moval van 搬运家具的[搬迁用的] 货车* a police van, ie for transporting police or prisoners 警车 * [attrib 作定语] a `van driver 客 货车司机. 2 (Brit) closed railway carriage for luggage, mail or goods, or for the use of the guard （铁路上运送行李、邮件或货物的）厢式货车, 守车: the `luggage van 装运行李的车厢 * the `guard's van 守车. van / vAn; vAn/ n the van [sing] (dated 旧) vanguard or forefront of an army or fleet （部队或舰队 的）前锋, 先锋: positioned in the van 处于前锋位置. vanadium / 9vE5neIdIEm; vE`nedIEm/ n [U] chemical element, a hard whitish metal sometimes used in steel alloys 钒. =>App 10 见附录10. vandal / 5vAndl; `vAndl/ n person who wilfully destroys or damages works of art, public and private property, the beauties of nature, etc 恣意破坏艺术品、公物、私人财产、自然美景等的人: telephone vandals, ie vandals who damage public phone boxes 破坏公用电话亭的流氓. vandalism / -dElIzEm; -dl9IzEm/ n [U] behaviour characteristic of vandals 恣意破坏公物等的行 为. vandalize, vandalise / -dElaIz; -dl9aIz/ v [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] wilfully destroy or damage (eg publicproperty) 恣意破坏（公物等）: vandalize a train compartment,public convenience, lift 故意毁坏列车车厢、公共厕所、电梯* The ground-floor flats had been badly vandalized. 一 楼公寓受到严重恶意破坏. vane / veIn; ven/ n 1 arrow or pointer on the top of a building, turned by the wind so as to show its direction 风向标; 风信旗. 2 blade of a propeller, sail of a windmill, or a similar device with a flat surface acted on or moved by wind or water （螺旋桨、风车、轮机等的）翼, 叶片. vanguard / 5vAngB:d; `vAn9-Brd/ n the vanguard [sing]1 leading part of an advancing army or fleet 先头部队; 先头舰队; 前锋; 先锋. 2 (fig 比喻) leaders of a movement or fashion （运动或时尚 的）先驱, 先锋, 领导者: researchers in the vanguard of scientific progress 在科学进步前列的研究 人员. Cf 参看 rearguard (rear1). vanilla / vE5nIlE; vE`nIlE/ n 1 [C] tropical orchid with sweet-smelling flowers 香子兰（热带兰科 植物, 花味香醇）. 2 [U] flavouring obtained from vanilla pods or a synthetic product resembling this 香草醛（自香子兰荚中提取或由人工合成的香精）: [attrib 作定语] vanilla ice-cream, essence 香草冰激凌、香精. vanish / 5vAnIF; `vAnIF/ v [I] (a) disappear completely and suddenly 突然完全消失: The thief vanished into the crowd. 那小偷消失在人群中. * vanish into thin air, ie completely 消失得无影无 踪. (b) (fig 比喻) cease to exist or fade away 不复存在; 消逝: My prospects/hopes of success have vanished. 我的成功前景[希望]已破灭. vanishing-point n. [sing] (in perspective) point at which all parallel lines in the same plane appear to meet （透视法的）灭点, 消失点: (fig 比喻) Our morale had almost reached vanishing-point, ie disappeared. 我们的士气已丧失殆尽. vanity / 5vAnEtI; `vAnEtI/ n 1 [U] having too high an opinion of one's looks, abilities, etc; conceit 自负; 虚荣; 虚荣心: not a trace of vanity in her behaviour 在她的举止中毫无虚荣表现 * tickle sb's vanity, ie do or say sth that flatters him 迎合某人的虚荣心* injured vanity, ie resentment caused by some slight or humiliation 受到伤害的虚荣心. 2 (fml 文) (a) [U] quality of being unsatisfying or futile; worthlessness 不满意的或无益的境况; 无价值: the vanity of human achievements 人类成就之徒劳无益. (b) vanities [pl] vain, worthless thing or act 无意义、无价值 的事物或行为. vanity bag, vanity case woman's small bag or case for carrying cosmetics, toilet articles, etc （女子放梳妆用品等的）小手提 包, 小梳妆盒. vanquish / 5vANkwIF; `vANkwIF/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (at/in sth) (fml 文) defeat (an opponent, etc) 征 服, 战胜（对手等）: vanquish the enemy in battle 在战斗中打败敌人 * (fig 比喻) vanquish one's rival at chess, tennis, etc 在国际象棋、网球等比赛中击败对手. vantage / 5vB:ntIdV; ?@ 5vAn-; `vAntIdV/ n 1 [U] position,etc that gives sb superiority or advantage 优势; 有利地位: a point of vantage 有利之处. 2 [C] (in tennis) first point scored after deuce （网球）平分后获得的第一分. vantage-point n. position from which one has a good or advantageous view of sth （观看某事物的） 有利地点: From their vantage-point on the cliff, they could watch the ships coming and going. 他们 在悬崖上居高临下, 能看到来来往往的船. * (fig 比喻) the war, seen from the vantage-point of the 1980's 以二十世纪八十年代的进步观点来看待这场战争. vapid / 5vApId; `vApId/ adj (fml 文) dull or uninteresting 乏味的; 无趣味的: vapid utterances, remarks, comments, etc 枯燥无味的话语、言语、评语等* His conversation was vapid in the extreme. 他谈话乏味已极. vapidity / vE5pIdEtI; vE`pIdEtI/ n (fml 文) (a) [U] state of being vapid 乏味; 枯燥. (b) [C] vapid remark 枯燥无味的言语. vaporize, vaporise / 5veIpEraIz; `vepE9raIz/ v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become vapour （使某物）汽化, 蒸发. vaporization, vaporisation / 9veIpEraI5zeIFn; ?@ -rI5z-;9vepErE`zeFEn/ n [U]. vaporizer, vaporiser n. pressurized container for sending out liquid in the form of a vapour 汽化器; 喷雾器; 蒸馏器. vaporous / 5veIpErEs; `vepLEs/ adj (fml 文) full of or like vapour 多蒸气的; 似蒸气的: vaporous clouds of mist, smoke, steam 雾、烟、蒸汽的弥漫. vaporous / 5veIpErEs; `vepLEs/ adj (fml 文) full of or like vapour 多蒸气的; 似蒸气的: vaporous clouds of mist, smoke, steam 雾、烟、蒸汽的弥漫. vapour (US vapor) / 5veIpE(r); `vepL/ n 1 [C, U] moisture or other substance spread about or hanging in the air 潮气; 水汽: the steamy vapours of a Turkish bath 土耳其浴的水蒸气. 2 [U] gaseous form into which certain liquid or solid substances can be converted by heating 蒸气: `water vapour 水蒸气. 3 the vapours [pl] (arch or joc 古或谑) sudden feeling of faintness 突然的眩晕感: have/get (an attack of) the vapours 突然（一阵）头昏眼花. vapour trail (also ,conden`sation trail) trail of condensed water left in the sky by a high-flying aircraft 雾化尾迹（飞机在高空飞行时留下 的）. variable / 5veErIEbl; `vZrIEbl/ adj 1 varying; changeable 变化的; 可变的; 易变的: variable pressure, rainfall, weather, speed 变化不定的压力、降雨量、天气、速度* Winds are mainly light and variable. 风力多微弱, 风向多变. * His mood/temper is variable. 他的情绪[脾气]反覆无常. * The quality of the hotel food is distinctly variable. 这个旅馆的饭菜有时很好有时很差. 2 (astronomy 天) (of a star) periodically varying in brightness （指星）亮度周期变化的. variable n. (often pl 常作复数) variable thing or quantity 可变的事物; 可变的量: With so many variables, the exact cost is difficult to estimate. 由于有许多可变因素, 很难准确地估算出成本. * Temperature was a variablein the experiment. 在该实验中温度是一个变量. Cf 参看 constant n. variability / 9veErIE5bIlEtI; 9vZrIE`bIlEtI/ n [U] quality of being variable; tendency to vary 可变 性; 易变性. variably / -EblI; -EblI/ adv. variance / 5veErIEns; `vZrIEns/ n (idm 习语) at variance (with sb/sth) (fml 文) disagreeing or having a difference of opinion (with sb); in conflict (with sth) （与某人）意见不一, 有分歧; （与某事物） 冲突, 矛盾: Jill and Sue are at variance (with each other) over/about their lodger. 吉尔和休在对待房 客的问题上（彼此）意见不和. * set people at variance (among themselves), ie make them quarrel 使 大家不睦* This theory is at variance with the known facts. 这种理论与已知事实不符. variant / 5veErIEnt; `vZrIEnt/ n thing that differs from other things or from a standard 变体; 变种; 变型: The story has many variants. 这个故事有很多说法. * [attrib 作定语] forty variant types of pigeon 四十种变种鸽子* variant spelling, pronunciation 不同的拼法、发音. variation / 9veErI5eIFn; 9vZrI`eFEn/ n 1 [C, U] ~ (in/of sth) (degree of) varying or being variant 变 化, 变动, 变异（的程度）: Prices have not shown much variation this year. 今年物价没显出多大变 化. * Currency exchange rates are always subject to variation. 货币兑换率是经常变的. * The dial records very slight variations in pressure. 刻度盘显示出压力有微小变化. 2 [C] ~ (on sth) (music 音) repetition of a simple melody in a different (and usu more complicated) form 变奏; 变奏曲: a set of variations on a theme by Mozart 以莫扎特某一乐曲为主题的一组变奏曲* piano, orchestral, etc variations 钢琴、管弦乐等变奏曲 * (fig 比喻) His numerous complaints are all variations on a theme, ie about the same thing. 他的牢骚说来道去都是一回事儿. 3 (a) [U] (biology 生) change in structure or form caused by new conditions, environment, etc 变异; 变种. (b) [U] (mathematics 数) change in a function, etc due to small changes in the values of constants 变分; 变差. (c) [C] instance of such change 变异; 变种; 变分; 变差. varicose / 5vArIkEUs; `vArI9kos/ adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] (of a vein, esp in the leg) permanently swollen or enlarged and therefore painful （指静脉, 尤指腿部的）曲张的: varicose ulcers, ie caused by the condition of the veins 静脉曲张性溃疡. varied / 5veErId; `vZrId/ adj 1 of different sorts; diverse 各种各样的; 不同的: varied opinions, scenes, menus 各种不同的意见、景象、菜单* Holiday jobs are many and varied. 假期的工作 又多又杂. 2 showing changes or variety 多变的; 多样的: lead a full and varied life 过丰富多彩 的生活* My experience is not sufficiently varied. 我的阅历不够广. variegated / 5veErIgeItId; `vZrI9-etId/ adj marked irregularlywith differently coloured patches, streaks, spots, etc 杂色的; 斑驳的: variegated geranium leaves, pansy flowers, etc 杂色的天竺葵叶、三色 堇花等* This specimen is richly variegated in colour. 这件标本上有很多颜色. variegation / 9veErI5geIFn; 9vZrI`-eFEn/ n [U] such irregular colouring or marking 杂色; 斑驳. variety / vE5raIEtI; vE`raIEtI/ n 1 [U] quality of not being the same, or not being the same at all times 变化; 多变（性）; 多样（化）: offer, show, lack variety 提供??显示出、缺乏 多样化的事物* a life full of change and variety 丰富多彩的生活* We all need variety in our diet. 我们都需要饮食多样化. 2 [sing] ~ (of sth) number or range of different things; assortment 若干不 同的事物（的混合）: He left for a variety of reasons. 他由于种种原因而离开了. * a large/wide variety of patterns to choose from 可供选择的种类繁多的花样. 3 [C] ~ (of sth) (a) (member of a) class of things that differ from others in the same general group 同类中的分类事物: collect rare varieties of stamps 搜集邮票珍品. (b) (biology 生) subdivision of a species 变种: several varieties of lettuce, mosquito, deer 莴苣、蚊子、鹿的几个变种. 4 (Brit) (US vaudeville) [U] light entertainment consisting of a series of acts, eg singing, dancing, juggling, comedy, as performed on TV, at a theatre, or (esp formerly) in a music-hall 综艺节目（包括一系列演出, 如歌、舞、杂耍、滑 稽剧等）: [attrib 作定语] a va`riety show, theatre, artist 综艺表演、剧场、演员. variety store ( US) shop selling a wide range of small inexpensive items 杂货铺. various / 5veErIEs; `vZrIEs/ adj 1 of several kinds, unlike one another 不同种类的; 各种各样的: tents in various (different) shapes and sizes 各种（不同）形状及大小的帐篷* Their hobbies are many and various. 他们的业余爱好五花八门. 2 [attrib 作定语] more than one; individual and separate 不止一个的; 各个的; 各别的: for various reasons 由于种种原因* at various times 多次 * write under various names 使用许多笔名写作. variously adv (fml 文) differently according to the particular case, time, place, etc （情况、时间、处所等） 不同地: He was variously described as a hero, a genius and a fool. 把他说成是英雄、天才、笨蛋, 不一而足. varnish / 5vB:nIF; `vBrnIF/ n [U, C] 1 (a) hard shiny transparent coating applied to the surface of esp woodwork or metalwork 清漆的面（尤指木器或金属制品上的）: a cover, coat, film, etc of varnish 一层清漆* scratch, chip, scrape, etc the varnish on a table 划伤、碰坏、刮掉... 桌子上的 清漆. (b) (particular type of) liquid used to give such a coating 清漆; 罩光漆; 凡立水: a natural, a gloss, an oak, a polyurethane varnish 天然的、发亮的、栎树、聚氨酯清漆. Cf 参看 lacquer 1. 2 (esp Brit) = nail varnish (nail). varnish v. [Tn] put varnish on (sth) 在（某物）上涂清漆: a highly varnished table-top 涂了一层厚 厚的清漆的桌面 * sand and varnish a chair 用砂纸把椅子打磨光再涂上清漆 * varnish an oil-painting 给一幅油画上光* Some women varnish their toe-nails. 有些女子在脚趾甲上涂指甲 油. varsity / 5vB:sEtI; `vBrsEtI/ n 1 (dated Brit infml 旧, 口) (not used in names 不用于名称) university, esp Oxford or Cambridge 大学（尤指牛津或剑桥）: [attrib 作定语] a varsity tie, match, dinner 大学的领带、体育比赛、宴会. 2 (US) team representing a university, college or school, esp in sports competitions （学校的）代表队, 校队（尤指体育的）. vary / 5veErI; `vZrI/ v (pt, pp varied) 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (in sth) be different in size, volume, strength, etc （体积、容积、力量等）呈现不同: These fish vary in weight from 3 lb to 5 lb. 这些鱼的重量从 3 磅到5 磅不等. * Opinions vary on this point. 对这一点看法各异. * The results of the experiment varied wildly. 实验结果差异很大. 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth); ~ (from sth to sth) change, esp according to some factor 改变, 变动, 变化（尤指伴随某种因素而产生）: Our routine never varies. 我们的 常规从无变化. * Prices vary with the seasons. 物价随季节而变动. * Her mood varied from optimism to extreme depression. 她的情绪由乐观一变而为极度消沉. * work with varying degrees of enthusiasm 工作积极性有所不同. =>Usage at change1 用法见change1. 3 [Tn] make sth different by introducing changes 使某事物有变化; 改变某事物: vary a programme, route 更改程序、路线 * varying the pace/speed at which you work 改变你的工作节奏[速度]. vascular / 5vAskjUlE(r); `vAskjElL/ adj of or containing vessels or ducts through which blood or lymph flows in animals or sap in plants 血管的; 维管的: vascular tissue 维管组织. vase / vB:z; ?@ veIs, also veIz; ves, vez/ n vessel without handles, usu made of glass, china, etc and used for holding cut flowers or as an ornament 花瓶; 装饰瓶. vasectomy / vE5sektEmI; vEs`ZktEmI/ n surgical removalof part of each of the ducts through which semen passes from the testicles, esp as a method of birth control 输精管切除术. Vaseline / 5vAsEli:n; `vAsl9in/ n [U] (propr 专利名) yellowish petroleum jelly used as an ointment or a lubricant 凡士林; 矿脂. vassal / 5vAsl; `vAsl/ n 1 (in the Middle Ages) man promising to fight for and be loyal to a king or lord in return for the right to hold land （中世纪的）封臣, 家臣（为国君或领主效忠可受封土地者）. 2 (fig 比喻) person or nation dependent on another 附庸; 下属; 属国: [attrib 作定语] vassal states, kingdoms, etc 附庸国、王国等. vassalage / 5vAsElIdV; `vAslIdV/ n [U]: reduce a dukedom to vassalage 将一公爵降为封臣. vast / vB:st; ?@ vAst; vAst/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] 1 very large in area, size, quantity or degree; immense （面积、体积、数量或程度）巨大的: a vast expanse of desert, water, snow, etc 浩 瀚的沙漠、浩淼的水域、茫茫的积雪* His business empire was truly vast. 他的企业规模极大. * a vast crowd, throng, gathering, etc 大群的人. 2 (infml 口) very great 极大的: a vast fortune, expense, profit, sum of money, etc 大量的财产、花费、利润、金钱等* a vast difference 极大 的差异. vastly adv (esp infml 尤作口语) very greatly 极大地:a vastly superior intellect 智慧超群的人* be vastly amused,suspicious 非常逗人、可疑. vastness n. [U, C]: lost in the vastness(es) of space 消失在广阔无垠的太空. vat / vAt; vAt/ n tank or large container for holding liquids, esp in distilling, brewing, dyeing and tanning 大桶、大盆等巨大容器（尤指蒸馏、酿造、染色及鞣革用的）. VAT (also Vat) / 9vi: eI 5ti:, also vAt; 9vi e `ti, vAt/ abbr 缩写= value added tax 增值税: Prices include 15% VAT. 价格中含有15%增值税. Vatican / 5vAtIkEn; `vAtIkEn/ n the Vatican (a) [sing] the Pope's residence in Rome 梵蒂冈（罗马教 皇的驻在地）. (b) [Gp] papal government 罗马教廷; 教皇权力. vaudeville / 5vR:dEvIl; `vRdE9vIl/ n [U] (US) = variety 4. vault 1 / vR:lt; vRlt/ n 1 arched roof; series of arches forming a roof 拱券; 拱顶: fan vaulting, ie vaults wherethe arches have ribs, like a fan 扇形拱券. =>illus at App 1 见附录1 插图, page viii. 2 (a) cellar or underground room used for storing things at a cool temperature 地窖; 地下室: `wine-vaults 酒窖. (b) similar room beneath a church or in a cemetery, used for burials （教堂或坟场的）地下墓 室: in the family vault 在家族的地下墓室中. 3 similar room, esp in a bank and protected by locks, alarms, thick walls, etc, used for keeping valuables safe （设于地下的）金库, 保险库（尤指银行的）. 4 covering like an arched roof 拱券状覆盖物: (rhet 修辞) the vault of heaven, ie the sky 苍穹（天 空）. vaulted adj. having a vault or vaults; built in the form of a vault 有拱券的; 建成拱状的: a vaulted roof, chamber, etc 拱形屋顶、有拱券的会堂等. vault / vR:lt; vRlt/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (over sth) jump in asingle movement over or onto an object with the hand(s) resting on it or with the help of a pole （用手或竿支撑）跳跃: vault (over) a fence 用手支撑 跳过篱笆墙* The jockey vaulted lightly into the saddle. 那骑师用手一按马背轻身跃上了马鞍. * (fig fml 比喻, 文) vaulting (ie boundless, overreaching) ambition 奢想. vault n. jump made in this way 撑物跳跃; 撑竿跳. vaulter n. (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) personwho vaults 撑物跳跃的人: a pole-vaulter 撑竿跳高运动员. vaulting horse wooden apparatus for practice in vaulting （练习跳跃用的）鞍马. =>illus 见插图. vaunt / vR:nt; vRnt/ v [Tn] (fml derog 文, 贬) boast about (sth); draw attention to (sth) in a conceited way 吹嘘, 夸耀（某事物）: The bank's much-vaunted security system failed completely. 这家银行 大肆吹嘘的保安设施完全无济于事. * vaunting her charm, success, wealth for all to see 向大家炫 示她的魅力、成就、财富. vauntingly adv. VC / 9vi: 5si:; 9vi `si/ abbr 缩写 = 1 Vice-Chairman. 2 Vice-Chancellor. 3 Vice-Consul. 4 (Brit) Victoria Cross: be awarded the VC 获得维多利亚十字勋章* Col James Blunt VC 维多利亚 十字勋章获得者詹姆斯·勃朗特上校. Cf 参看 GC. VCR / 9vi: si: 5B:(r); 9vi si `Br/ abbr 缩写= video cassette recorder. VD / 9vi: 5di:; 9vi `di/ abbr 缩写= venereal disease. VDU / 9vi: di: 5ju:; 9vi di `ju/ abbr 缩写 = (computing 计) visual display unit: check a file on the VDU 用视频显示器检验文件 * a VDU operator 视频显示器操作员. =>illus at computer 见 computer 图。 veal / vi:l; vil/ n [U] flesh of a calf used as meat （食用的）小牛肉: [attrib 作定语] veal cutlets 小牛 肉的肉块. vector / 5vektE(r); `vZktL/ n 1 (mathematics 数) quantitythat has both magnitude and direction, eg velocity 矢量; 向量. Cf 参看 scalar. 2 (biology 生) organism (esp an insect) that transmits a particular disease or infection （传播疾病的）媒介生物, （尤指）媒介昆虫. Cf 参看 carrier 4. veer / vIE(r); vIr/ v 1 (a) [I, Ipr, Ip] (esp of a vehicle) change direction or course （尤指交通工具） 改变方向或路线: The plane veered wildly. 那架飞机乱改航线. * The car suddenly veered off the road. 那辆汽车突然驶离了公路路面. * The wind has veered round. 风向相反了. (b) [Ipr] (fig 比 喻) (of a conversation, sb's behaviour or opinion) change suddenly or very noticeably （指谈话内容、 人的行为或观点）突然改变, 明显转变: The discussion veered away from religion and round to politics. 这场讨论从宗教问题一下子转到了政治问题上. 2 [I, Ipr, Ip] (of the wind) change gradually in a clockwise direction in the N Hemisphere and an anti-clockwise direction in the S Hemisphere （指风）（在北半球按顺时针方向、在南半球按反时针方向）逐渐转向: The wind veered (round to the) north. 近日风向已转北了. Cf 参看 back4 7. veg / vedV; vZdV/ n [U, C] (pl unchanged 复数不变) (Brit infml 口) vegetable(s) 蔬菜: meat and two veg 肉和两样蔬菜. vegan / 5vi:gEn; `vi-En/ n strict vegetarian who neither eats nor uses any animal products, eg eggs, silk, leather 纯素主义者（既不吃也不用任何动物产品, 如蛋、丝绸、皮革）: [attrib 作定语] a vegan diet, restaurant, fruit-cake 纯素食谱、餐厅、水果糕点. vegetable / 5vedVtEbl; `vZdVtEbl/ n 1 (part of various types of) plant eaten as food, eg potatoes, beans, onions 蔬菜: green vegetables, ie cabbage, lettuce, Brussels sprouts, etc 绿色蔬菜（卷心菜、 莴苣、汤菜等）* a salad of raw vegetables 生菜色拉 * [attrib 作定语] a vegetable curry, garden, knife 咖喱素菜、菜园、蔬菜用刀* vegetable oils, eg in margarine 植物油. Cf 参看 animal, mineral. 2 (fig 比喻) (a) person who is physically alive but mentally inactive because of injury, illness or abnormality 植物人（因伤、病或异常情况而丧失思维能力但仍有生命的人）: Severe brain damage turned him into a vegetable. 他因脑部重伤而成了植物人. * [attrib 作定语] lead a vegetable existence 处于植物人的状态. (b) person who has a dull monotonous life 生活单调的人: Stuck at home like this, she felt like a vegetable. 像这样闷在家里, 她觉得生活太单调. vegetable marrow ( fml 文) = marrow. vegetarian / 9vedVI5teErIEn; 9vZdVE`tZrIEn/ n person who,for humane, religious or health reasons, eats no meat 吃素的人: [attrib 作定语] a vegetarian meal, diet, restaurant 素食饭菜、食谱、餐馆. Cf 参看 vegan. vegetarianism / -IzEm; -IzEm/ n [U] practice or philosophy of being a vegetarian 素食; 素食主义. vegetate / 5vedVIteIt; `vZdVE9tet/ v [I] (fig 比喻) live a dull life with little activity or interest 过枯 燥的生活（无甚活动或趣味）: the unemployed vegetating at home 在家百无聊赖的失业者. vegetation / 9vedVI5teIFn; 9vZdVE`teFEn/ n [U] plants in general; those found in a particular environment 植物（总称）; 草木: There is little vegetation in the desert. 沙漠里植物稀少. * the luxuriant vegetation of tropical rain forests 热带雨林中繁茂的植物. vehement / 5vi:EmEnt; `viEmEnt/ adj showing or caused by strong feeling; passionate 感情强烈的; 热情的: a vehement objection, protest, denial, attack, etc 强烈的反对、抗议、否认、攻击等 * a vehement urge, impulse, desire, etc 强烈的欲望、冲动、愿望等* He slammed the door with a vehement (ie furious) gesture. 他愤怒地用力把门关上. vehemence / -mEns; -mEns/ n [U]. vehemently adv: The charge was vehemently denied. 那一指控 遭断然否认. vehicle / 5vIEkl; ?@ 5vi:hIkl; `vihIkl/ n 1 (esp fml 尤作文雅语) conveyance such as a car, lorry or cart used for transporting goods or passengers on land 陆上交通工具; 车: motor vehicles, ie cars, buses, motor cycles, etc 机动车辆 * [attrib 作定语] vehicle licensing laws, eg for motor vehicles 机 动车驾驶执照法* a space vehicle, ie for carrying people into space 宇宙飞船. 2 ~ (for sth) (fig 比喻) means by which thought, feeling, etc can be expressed 表达思想、感情等的工具或手段: Art may be used as a vehicle for propaganda. 艺术可用作宣传工具. * The play was an excellent vehicle for the actress's talents. 那出戏给了那位女演员一个大好机会一展才华. vehicular / vI5hIkjUlE(r); vi`hIkjElL/ adj (fml 文) intended for or consisting of vehicles 供车辆使 用的; 车辆的: vehicular access 车辆驶入口* The road is closed to vehicular traffic. 此路不准车 辆通行. veil / veIl; vel/ n 1 [C] (a) covering of fine net or other (usu transparent) material worn, esp by women, to protect or hide the face, or as part of a head-dress 面纱, 面罩（尤指女用的）: a bridal veil 新娘的面纱* She raised/lowered her veil. 她撩起[放下]面罩. (b) piece of linen, etc covering the head and sometimes the shoulders, esp of nuns 头巾（尤指修女的）. 2 [sing] (fig 比喻) thing that hides or disguises 遮盖物; 掩饰物: a veil of mist over the hills 笼罩小山上的薄雾* plot under the veil of secrecy, innocence 在秘密、正经事物掩盖下搞的阴谋. 3 (idm 习语) draw a curtain/veil over sth => draw2. take the `veil become a nun 当修女. veil v. [Tn] 1 put a veil over (sb/sth) 给（某人[某物]）带面纱或面罩: a veiled Muslim woman 戴 著面纱的穆斯林女子. 2 (fig 比喻) hide or disguise (sth) 遮掩, 掩饰（某事物）: a thinly veiled threat, insult, hint, etc 含沙射影的威胁、侮辱、暗示等* He could hardly veil his contempt at my ignorance. 他掩盖不住对我无知的轻蔑之情. vein / veIn; ven/ n 1 [C] any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to the heart 静脉: Royal blood ran in his veins. 他有王族血统. Cf 参看artery. 2 [C] any of the thread-like lines forming the framework of a leaf or of an insect's wing 叶脉; 翅脉. 3 [C] narrow strip or streak of a different colour in some kinds of stone, eg marble, or in some cheeses （大理石等或某些乾酪的）纹 理, 纹路. 4 [C] crack or fissure in rock, filled with mineral or ore; seam 矿脉; 岩脉; 矿层: a vein of gold 金矿脉. 5 [sing] ~ (of sth) (fig 比喻) distinctive feature or quality; streak 特徵; 气质; 性 情: have a vein of melancholy in one's character 性格中含有忧郁的成分 * Her stories struck/revealed a rich vein of humour. 她的小说饶有风趣. 6 [sing] manner or style; mood 方式; 风格; 心情; 情绪: in a sad, comic, creative, etc vein 以忧伤的心情、喜剧的风格、富于创造性 的方式等* The complaints continued in the same vein. 总是那一类的牢骚话, 没完没了. veined / veInd; vend/, veiny / 5veInI; `venI/ adjs marked with or having veins 有静脉的; 有叶脉的; 有翅脉的; 有纹理的; 有矿脉的: a veined hand 显露青筋的手* veined marble 有纹理的大理石 * blue-veined cheese, eg Stilton 有蓝色条纹的乾酪（如斯第尔顿奶酪）. velar / 5vi:lE(r); `vilL/ adj (phonetics 语音) (of a speech sound) made by placing the back of the tongue against or near the soft palate （指语音）软腭音的. velar n. velar speech sound (eg / k/, / -/) 软腭音（如 /k/ 、 /g/）. velcro (also Velcro) / 5velkrEU; `vZlkro/ n [U] (propr 专利名) fastener for clothes, etc consisting of two nylon strips, one rough and one smooth, which stick together when pressed 尼龙搭扣（用于衣物 等, 由两条尼龙带组成, 按压而粘合一起）. veld (also veldt) / velt; vZlt/ n [U] flat treeless open grassland of the S African plateau （南非高原上 的）草原. Cf 参看pampas, prairie, savannah, steppe. vellum / 5velEm; `vZlEm/ n [U] 1 fine parchment or bookbinding material made from calf, kid or lamb skin （用小牛皮或小羊皮制的）精制皮纸, 犊皮纸, 羊皮纸. 2 smooth fine-quality writing-paper 质优而光滑的书写用纸. velocity / vI5lCsEtI; vE`lBsEtI/ n 1 [U, C] (esp physics 尤用于物理学) (usu of inanimate things 通 常用以指无生命之物) speed, esp in a given direction 速度（尤指沿已知方向的）: gain/lose velocity 增加[降低]速度* the velocity of a projectile 一个抛射体的速度. 2 [U] (fml 文) quickness or swiftness 迅速; 快速: Gazelles can movewith astonishing velocity. 羚羊跑起来有时速度惊人. velour (also velours) / vE5lUE(r); vE`lJr/ n [U] woven fabric like velvet or felt 丝绒: [attrib 作定 语] velour chair-covers, coats, hats 丝绒椅罩、大衣、帽子. velvet / 5velvIt; `vZlvIt/ n [U] 1 woven fabric, esp of silk or nylon, with a thick soft nap on one side 立绒; 天鹅绒: [attrib 作定语] a velvet jacket, curtain 天鹅绒短上衣、帘子. 2 (idm 习语) an iron fist/hand in a velvet glove => iron1. smooth as velvet => smooth1. velvety adj. (approv 褒) soft like velvet 天鹅绒般柔软的: a horse's velvety nose 柔软的马鼻子 * her velvety brown eyes 她那柔和的棕色眼睛. velveteen / 9velvI5ti:n; 9vZlvE`tin/ n [U] cotton fabric with a nap like velvet 平绒. venal / 5vi:nl; `vinl/ adj (fml 文) 1 ready to accept money for doing sth dishonest 贪财而行不义的: venal judges, politicians, etc 贪赃枉法的法官、政客等. 2 (of conduct) influenced by or done for bribery （指行为）因受贿而为的: venal practices 受贿而做的事. venality / vi:5nAlEtI; vi`nAlEtI/ n [U] quality of being venal 受贿做坏事; 贪赃枉法. venally / -nElI; -nlI/ adv. vend / vend; vZnd/ v [Tn] (esp law 尤用于法律) offer(esp small articles) for sale 出售（尤指小物 件）. =>Usage at sell 用法见sell. vendee / ven5di:; vZn`di/ n (law 律) person to whom sth is sold 买主; 买方. vendor / -dE(r); -dL/ n 1 (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) person who sells food or other small items from a stall in the open air 摊贩; 小贩: `street vendors 街头小贩* `news-vendors, ie newspaper sellers 报贩. 2 (law 律) seller of a house or other property （房屋等的）卖主, 卖方. Cf 参看 purchaser (purchase2). vending-machine n. coin-operated slot machinefor the sale of small items, eg cigarettes, drinks, sandwiches（投币式）自动售货机（出售小件商品的, 如香烟、饮料、三明治等）. vendetta / ven5detE; vZn`dZtE/ n 1 hereditary feud between families in which murders are committed in revenge for previous murders 家族世仇; 族间仇杀. 2 bitter long-standing quarrel 长 期争斗; 积怨: (joc 谑) wage a personal vendetta against the Post Office 个人向邮局进行的长期斗 争. veneer / vE5nIE(r); vE`nIr/ n 1 [C, U] (thin layer of) decorative wood or plastic glued to the surface of cheaper wood (for furniture, etc) 薄片镶饰（粘在廉价木料上的木质或塑料薄层, 如家具等上 的）. 2 [sing] ~ (of sth) (fig usu derog 比喻, 通常作贬义) superficial appearance (of politeness, etc) covering or disguising the true nature of sb/sth 虚假的外表; 虚饰: a thin veneer of Western civilization 西方文明之金玉其外. Cf 参看 gloss1 2. veneer v. [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) put a veneer on (a surface) 在（某物表面）上加薄片镶饰: veneer a deal desk with walnut 给松木书桌镶上胡桃木薄板. venerable / 5venErEbl; `vZnErEbl/ adj 1 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (fml 文) deserving respect because of age, character, associations, etc （因年岁、品格、有某种关联等）值得敬重的, 受敬 佩的: a venerable scholar 德高望重的学者* the venerable ruins of the abbey 大寺院令人肃然起 敬的遗迹. 2 (religion 宗) (a) (in the Church of England) title of an archdeacon （英国国教的）副 主教的称号. (b) (in the Roman Catholic Church) title of sb thought to be very holy but not yet made a saint （天主教）备受敬仰但尚未被列入圣徒者的称号. venerability / 9venErE5bIlEtI; 9vZnErE`bIlEtI/ n [U]. venerate / 5venEreIt; `vZnE9ret/ v [Tn] (fml 文) respect (sb/sth) deeply; regard as sacred 敬重（某人 [某事物]）; 崇敬: venerate the memory, name, spirit, etc of Mozart 怀著崇敬之情纪念莫扎特、景 仰莫扎特的大名、崇敬莫扎特的精神. veneration / 9venE5reIFn; 9vZnE`reFEn/ n [U]: The relics were objects of veneration/were held in veneration. 这些遗物是备受崇敬之物. venereal disease / vE9nIErIEl dI5zi:z; vE9nIrIEl dI`ziz/ [C, U] (abbr 缩写 VD) disease communicated by sexual contact, eg gonorrhea, syphilis 性病. venetian blind / vE9ni:Fn 5blaInd; vE9niFEn `blaInd/ window screen made of horizontal wooden or plastic slats that can be adjusted to let in light and air as desired 百叶窗帘. vengeance / 5vendVEns; `vZndVEns/ n 1 [U] ~ (on/uponsb) paying back of an injury that one has suffered; revenge 报复; 报仇; 复仇: take/seek/swear vengeance for the bombing 因遭轰炸而进行 [伺机/发誓]报复. 2 (idm 习语) with a `vengeance (infml 口) to a greater degree than is normal, expected or desired （比正常的、预期的或想要的）程度更深或更甚: set to work with a vengeance 加倍努力地干起活来* The rain came down with a vengeance. 雨下得大极了. vengeful / 5vendVfl; `vZndVfEl/ adj (fml 文) showing a desire for revenge; vindictive 报复心驱使 的; 图谋报复的; 复仇的. vengefully / -fElI; -fElI/ adv. venial / 5vi:nIEl; `vinIEl/ adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] (of a sin or fault) not serious; excusable （指罪过 或过错）不严重的, 可原谅的. venison / 5venIzn, 5venIsn; `vZnEzn, `vZnEsn/ n [U] flesh of a deer used as meat （食用的）鹿肉: roast venison 烤鹿肉. venom / 5venEm; `vZnEm/ n [U] 1 poisonous fluid of certain snakes, scorpions, etc, injected by a bite or sting （某些蛇、蝎子等分泌的）毒液. 2 (fig 比喻) strong bitter feeling or language; hatred 愤恨的感情或言语; 怨恨: `You liar!' he said, with venom in his voice. ｀你撒谎!＇他说道, 声音中 含著怨恨. venomous / 5venEmEs; `vZnEmEs/ adj 1 (of a snake, etc) secreting venom （指蛇等）分泌毒液 的, 有毒的. 2 (fig 比喻) full of bitter or spiteful feeling 充满恶意的; 恶毒的: a venomous look, remark, insult, etc 恶狠狠的样子、言语、侮辱等. venomously adv. venous / 5vi:nEs; `vinEs/ adj 1 (anatomy 解) of or contained in the veins 静脉的; 静脉中的: venous blood 静脉血. 2 (botany 植) having veins 有脉的: a venous leaf 有脉的叶子. vent / vent; vZnt/ n 1 opening that allows air, gas, liquid, etc to pass out of or into a confined space （气体、液体等进出的）孔, 口. 2 anus of a bird, fish, reptile or small mammal （鸟、鱼、爬 行动物或小哺乳动物的）肛门. 3 (idm 习语) give (full) vent to sth express sth freely （任意地） 表达某事: He gave vent to his feelings in an impassioned speech. 他慷慨陈词抒发感情. vent v. [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (on sb) find or provide an outlet for (an emotion) 发泄（情感）: He vented his anger on his long-suffering wife. 他拿一贯受气的妻子出气. vent / vent; vZnt/ n slit at the bottom of the back or side seam of a coat or jacket （大衣或上衣背部或 侧面下端的）开口, 开衩. ventilate / 5ventIleIt; ?@ -tEleIt; `vZntl9et/ v [Tn] 1 cause air to enter and move freely through (a room, building, etc) 使空气进入（房间、建筑物等）; 使空气流通: ventilate the galleries of a coal-mine 使煤矿坑道通风 * My office is well-/poorly-ventilated. 我的办公室通风良好[不良]. 2 (fml fig 文, 比喻) make (a question, grievance, etc) widely known and cause it to be discussed 将 （问题、不满的意见等）公开并引起讨论: These issues have been very well ventilated. 这些问题 已经过充分讨论. ventilation / 9ventI5leIFn; ?@ -tE5leIFn; 9vZntl`eFEn/ n [U] 1 ventilating or being ventilated 空 气流通: increase ventilation by opening the top centre part of the carriage window 把车厢窗户上面 的中央部分打开以增进空气的流通 * [attrib 作定语] the ventilation shaft of a coal-mine 煤矿的 通风竖井. 2 system or method by which a room, building, etc is ventilated 通风设备; 通风方法: The ventilation isn't working. 这个通风设备出故障了. ventilator / 5ventIleItE(r); ?@ -tEl-; `vZntl9etL/ n device or opening for ventilating a room, etc 通 风设备; 通风口. ventral / 5ventrEl; `vZntrEl/ adj (biology 生) of or on the abdomen 腹的; 腹部的; 腹面的: a fish's ventral fins 鱼的腹鳍. ventrally / -trElI; -trElI/ adv. Cf 参看 dorsal. ventricle / 5ventrIkl; `vZntrIkl/ n (anatomy 解) 1 one of the chambers in the heart, whose function is to pump blood into the arteries 心室. Cf 参看auricle 2. 2 any of various cavities in the body, esp the four in the brain （体内的）室, 腔, （尤指）脑室. ventriloquism / ven5trIlEkwIzEm; vZn`trIlE9kwIzEm/ n [U] art of producing voice-sounds so that they seem to come from a person or place at a distance from the speaker 口技（使人听起来好像声音 来自远方或另一人的发声技巧）. ventriloquist / -kwIst; -kwIst/ n person skilled in this 会口技的人: a ventriloquist's dummy 表演口 技用的假人. venture / 5ventFE(r); `vZntFL/ n 1 project or undertaking,esp a commercial one where there is a risk of failure 工作项目或事业; （尤指有风险的）商业, 企业: embark on a risky, doubtful, etc venture 从事一项冒险的、成败未卜的...企业项目* The car-hire firm is their latest (joint) business venture. 这个出租汽车公司是他们最新的大胆的（合资）经营项目. * [attrib 作定语] venture capital, ie money invested in a new enterprise, esp a risky one 风险资本, 创业基金（投资于新企业的, 尤指有 风险的）. Cf 参看 enterprise 1. 2 (idm 习语) at a `venture (fml 文) at random; by chance 随便地; 碰运气地. venture v. (fml 文) 1 [Ipr, Ip] dare to go (somewheredangerous or unpleasant) 敢于去（危 险的或令人厌恶的地方）: venture into the water, over the wall 敢于入水、越过墙??* venture too near the edge of a cliff 敢于十分接近悬崖的边缘* The mouse never ventured far from its hole. 老 鼠从来不敢离开窝太远. * I'm not venturing out in this rain. 我不敢冒这样的雨外出. 2 [Tn, Tt] (a) dare to say or utter (sth) 敢说（某话）: venture an opinion,objection, explanation 敢于亮明观点、表 示异议、进行辩解* May I venture to suggest a change? 我可以冒昧提个更动意见吗? * I venture to disagree. 恕我不敢苟同. (b) dare to do (sth dangerous or unpleasant) 敢做（危险的或令人厌恶的 事）: venture a visit to the doctor/to visit the doctor 硬著头皮去看病. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (on sth) take the risk of losing or failing in sth 冒著受损失或失败的风险: I ventured a small bet on the horse. 我在那匹马上下了一小笔赌注. 4 (idm 习语) nothing `venture, nothing `gain/`win (saying 谚) one cannot expect to achieve anything if one risks nothing 不敢冒险就一事无成; 不入虎穴, 焉得 虎子. 5 (phr v) venture on/upon sth dare to attempt sth 敢于尝试做某事: venture on a trip up the Amazon 敢于溯亚马逊河而上旅行. venturesome / -sEm; -sEm/ adj (fml 文) (a) (of people) ready to take risks; daring （指人）好冒险 的, 大胆的: be of a venturesome spirit 有冒险精神. (b) (of acts or behaviour) involving danger; risky （指行动或行为）有危险的, 冒险的. venue / 5venju:; `vZnju/ n place where people agree to meet, esp for a sports contest or match 聚集地 点; 会场; （尤指）体育比赛场所: a last-minute change of venue 事到临头更改的地点. Venus / 5vi:nEs; `vinEs/ n (astronomy 天) the planet secondin order from the sun, next to the Earth 金星; 太白星. veracious / vE5reIFEs; vE`reFEs/ adj (fml 文) (a) (of a person) truthful （指人）诚实的. (b) (of a statement, etc) true （指陈述等）真实的. veraciously adv. veracity / vE5rAsEtI; vE`rAsEtI/ n [U] (fml 文) truthfulness; truth 诚实; 真实: I don't doubt the veracity of your report. 我毫不怀疑你报告中的真实性. veranda (also verandah) / vE5rAndE; vE`rAndE/ (US also porch) n roofed open-fronted terrace or platform which extends from the front, back or side(s) of a house, sports pavilion, etc （半敞的）走廊: sitting on the veranda 坐在走廊处. Cf 参看 patio 1. verb / v\:b; v[b/ n word or phrase indicating an action, an event or a state, eg bring, happen, exist 动 词. verbal / 5v\:bl; `v[bl/ adj 1 of or in words 词语的; 言语的; 文字的; 用言语的; 用文字的: verbal skills, ie reading and writing 阅读和书写的技能 * non-verbal communication,ie gestures, facial expressions, etc 非言语交际（手势、面部表情等）. 2 spoken, not written 口头的（非书面的）: a verbal explanation, agreement, warning, reminder, etc 口头解释、协议、警告、提示等. 3 word for word; literal 逐字的; 一字不差的: a verbal translation 逐字的翻译. 4 (grammar) of verbs 动 词的: a noun performing a verbal function 起动词作用的名词. verbally / 5v\:bElI; `v[blI/ adv in spoken words, not in writing 口头上（非书面形式）. verbal noun (also gerund) noun derived from a verb, eg swimming in the sentence Swimming is a good form of exercise 动名词 （如在Swimming is a good form of exercise 句中的 swimming）. verbalize, verbalise / 5v\:bElaIz; `v[bl9aIz/ v [I, Tn] (fml 文) put (ideas or feelings) into words 用言 语表达（思想或感情）: find it difficult to verbalize 感到很难用言语表达. verbatim / v\:5beItIm; v[`betIm/ adj, adv exactly as spoken or written; word for word 一字不差（的）; 逐字（的）: a verbatim report 一字不差的报告* report a speechverbatim 逐字报道一篇讲话. verbena / v\:5bi:nE; v[`binE/ n type of herbaceous plant whose garden varieties have flowers of many colours 马鞭草. verbiage / 5v\:bIIdV; `v[bIIdV/ n [U] (fml derog 文, 贬)(use of) too many words, or unnecessarily difficult words,to express an idea, etc 冗词, 艰涩词语（的使用）: The speaker lost himself in verbiage. 那个人演讲叠床架屋兴头十足. * plough through the verbiage of an official report, ie read it with difficulty 吃力地阅读晦涩的官方报告. verbose / v\:5bEUs; v[`bos/ adj (fml 文) using or containing more words than are needed 冗长的: a verbose speaker, speech, style 言词冗赘的演讲者、讲话、文体. verbosely adv. verbosity / v\:5bCsEtI; v[`bBsEtI/ n [U] (fml 文) state or quality of being verbose 冗长. verdant / 5v\:dnt; `v[dnt/ adj (fml or rhet 文或修辞) (of grass, vegetation, fields, etc) fresh and green （指草、田野等）嫩绿的, 青翠的: verdant lawns 绿油油的草地* trees verdant with young leaves 嫩叶青青的树木. verdancy / -dnsI; -dnsI/ n [U]. verdict / 5v\:dIkt; `v[dIkt/ n 1 decision reached by a jury on a question of fact in a law case （陪审团 的）裁断, 裁决, 裁定: question/dispute a verdict 对裁断提出疑义[ 异议] * The jury returned/announced/brought in their verdict. 陪审团做出了裁断. * a verdict of guilty/not guilty 有 罪[无罪]的裁断* a majority verdict of 8 to 4 以8 票对4 票的多数通过的裁断. 2 (fig 比喻) decision or opinion given after testing, examining or experiencing sth （经过试验、检验或体验发 表的）决定, 意见: the verdict of the electors 选举人的决定 * (infml 口) My wife's verdict on my cooking was very favourable. 我妻子认为我做的饭菜极好. verdigris / 5v\:dIgrIs, -gri:s; `v[dI9-rIs, --ris/ n [U] greenish-blue substance that forms on copper, brass and bronze surfaces (as rust forms on iron surfaces) 铜绿. verge / v\:dV; v[dV/ n 1 (a) = soft shoulder (soft): Heavy lorries have damaged the grass verge. 重 型卡车把长草的软质路肩轧坏了. (b) grass edging along a path or round a flower-bed, etc （道路、 花坛等的）长著草的边缘. 2 (idm 习语) on/to the verge of sth at or close to the point where sth new begins or takes place 在某事即将发生之际; 接近出现某事物之点: on the verge of war, success, bankruptcy 在接近战争爆发、成功、破产之际* Her misery brought her to the verge of tears. 她 难过得快要哭了. verge v. (phr v) verge on sth be very close or similar to sth; be approaching sth 极接近某事物: a situation verging on the ridiculous, tragic, chaotic, etc 迹近可笑的、悲惨的、混乱的...地步 * He's verging on 80 now and needs constant attention. 他已近80 岁, 需要侍候左右. verger / 5v\:dVE(r); `v[dVL/ n 1 Church of England official who acts as a caretaker and attendant in a church （英国国教的）教堂司事. 2 (Brit) official who carries a mace, etc before a bishop or other dignitary （为主教或其他要人）持权杖等的人. verify / 5verIfaI; `vZrE9faI/ v (pt, pp -fied) 1 [Tn, Tf, Tw] make sure that (sth) is true or accurate; check 证实, 核对（某事物）; 检查: verify statements, allegations, conditions,facts, etc 证实某些言 论、说法、情况、资料等属实* verify the figures, details, etc of a report 核实报告中的数字、 细节等* The computer verified that/whether the data was loaded correctly. 计算机已查实数据输入 [是否]正确. 2 [Tn, Tf] show that (sb's fears, suspicions, etc) are justified; confirm 证明（某人之恐 惧、怀疑等）有道理; 确定. verifiable / 5verIfaIEbl; `vZrE9faIEbl/ adj that can be verified 可证实的; 可核实的: verifiable truths, facts, assets 可核实的真相、事实、资产. verification / 9verIfI5keIFn; 9vZrIfI`keFEn/ n [U, C] 1 verifying or being verified 证实; 核实: Verification (eg Checking that weapons have been removed) could be an obstacle to an arms agreement. 裁减军备协议难以达成, 症结在于如何证实（如检查武器确已销毁）. 2 proof or evidence 证明; 证据. verisimilitude / 9verIsI5mIlItju:d; ?@ -tu:d; 9vZrEsE`mIlE9tud/ n [U] (fml 文) appearance or semblance ofbeing true or real 逼真; 貌似真实: These flower illustrationsshow the artist's concern for verisimilitude. 这些花卉插图表明这个画家很注重写实. veritable / 5verItEbl; `vZrEtEbl/ adj [attrib 作定语] (fml or joc 文或谑) rightly named or called; real 名副其实的; 真正的: a veritable villain 不折不扣的坏蛋 * The rain turned our holiday into a veritable disaster. 这场雨把我们的假日完全毁了. verity / 5verEtI; `vZrEtI/ n 1 [U] (arch 古) truth (of a statement, etc) （陈述等的）真实性. 2 [C usu pl 通常作复数] (fml 文) idea, principle, etc generally thought to be true; fundamental fact 真理; 基本事实: universal, scientific, moral, etc verities 普遍的真理、科学的真谛、道德的准则. 3 (idm 习语) the eternal verities => eternal. vermicelli / 9v\:mI5selI, -5tFelI; 9v[mE`sZlI, -`tFZlI/ n [U] pasta made into long slender threads, like spaghetti but much thinner, and often added to soups 细面条; 线面. vermiform / 5v\:mIfR:m; `v[mE9fRrm/ adj (anatomy 解) worm-like in shape 蠕虫样的: the vermiform appendix 阑尾. =>illus at digestive 见 digestive 插图. vermilion / vE5mIlIEn; vL`mIljEn/ adj, n [U] (of a) bright red 朱红色（的）; 鲜红（的）: a vermilion sash 朱红色的腰带. vermin / 5v\:mIn; `v[mIn/ n [U, usu pl v 通常与复数动词连用] 1 certain wild animals and birds (eg rats, foxes, moles, owls) which are harmful to crops and farmyard animals and birds 害兽及害鸟 （为害庄稼及家畜家禽的, 如鼠、狐、鼹鼠、枭）: put down (exterminate) vermin 消灭害兽 和害鸟. Cf 参看pest 2. 2 insects (eg lice) sometimes found on the bodies of human beings and other animals 害虫（如虱）: a room alive/crawling with vermin 有害虫的房间. 3 human beings who are harmful to society or who prey on others 为害社会或他人的人; 蟊贼; 害人虫. verminous / -Es; -Es/ adj 1 infested with fleas, lice, etc 有（蚤、虱等）害虫的: verminous children 长著虱子的儿童. 2 of the nature of or caused by vermin (1) 属害兽及害鸟一类的; 由害兽及害鸟 引起的: verminous diseases 由害兽及害鸟引起的疾病. vermouth / 5v\:mEW; ?@ vEr5mu:W; vL`muW/ n (a) [U] strong white wine flavoured with herbs, drunk as an aperitif (often in strong cocktails) 味美思酒（用作开胃酒, 常调入鸡尾酒中）. (b) [C] glass or drink of this 一杯或一份味美思酒. vernacular / vE5nAkjUlE(r); vL`nAkjElL/ n [C] language or dialect spoken in a particular country or region, as compared with a formal or written language 本地话; 土语; 本国语: Arabic vernaculars, ie as compared withclassical Arabic 阿拉伯土语 * [attrib 作定语] Vernacularliterature quickly replaced Latin. 用本国语创作的文学作品很快取代了拉丁文学. * a vernacular poet, ie one who writes in dialect 使用本地话写作的诗人. vernal / 5v\:nl; `v[nl/ adj [attrib 作定语] (fml or rhet 文或修辞) of, in or appropriate to the season of spring 春季的; 在春季的; 适合春季的: vernal breezes, flowers 春风、春天的花. Veronal / 5verEnl; `vZrEnEl/ n [U] (propr 专利名) type of sedative drug 佛罗那（镇静药）. veronica / vE5rCnIkE; vE`rBnIkE/ n [U, C] any of various types of herb, often with blue flowers; speedwell 婆婆纳（草本植物, 花多为蓝色）. verruca / vE5ru:kE; vE`rukE/ n (pl 复数作~s or, in medical use, 医学用语复数作-cae / -ki:; -ki/) small hard infectious growth on the skin (usu on the bottom of the feet); wart 疣（通常生于足底）; 肉 赘; 瘊子. vice versa / 9vaIsI 5v\:sE; 9vaIsI `v[sE/ the other way round; with the terms or conditions reversed 反 之亦然; 反过来情况也一样: ,We gossip about `them and ,vice `versa, ie they gossip about us. 我们 议论他们, 他们也议论我们. versatile / 5v\:sEtaIl; ?@ -tl; `v[sEtl/ adj (approv 褒)1 turning easily or readily from one subject, skill or occupation to another 有多种学问、技能或职业的; 多才多艺的: a versatile cook, writer, athlete 多才多艺的厨师、作家、运动员* a versatile mind 多面手. 2 (of a tool, machine, etc) having various uses （指工具、机器等）多用途的, 多功能的: a versatile drill, truck, etc 万用钻、多用 途卡车. versatility / 9v\:sE5tIlEtI; 9v[sE`tIlEtI/ n [U]. verse / v\:s; v[s/ n 1 [U] (form of) writing arranged in lines, often with a regular rhythm or rhyme scheme; poetry 韵文; 诗; 诗句; 诗体: Most of the scene is written in verse, but some is in prose. 这 场戏大部分内容是用韵文写成的, 但也有一些是散文形式的. * blank verse, ie without rhymes at the end of the lines 无韵诗 * [attrib 作定语] a verse translation of Homer's `Iliad' 荷马《伊利亚特》 的诗体翻译. Cf 参看prose. 2 [C] group of lines forming a unit in a poem or song （诗或歌的）句, 节: a hymn of/with six verses 一首有六节的赞美诗. 3 verses [pl] (dated 旧) poetry 诗: a book of humorous verses 一本幽默诗集. 4 [C] any one of the short numbered divisions of a chapter in the Bible （《圣经》的）节. 5 (idm 习语) chapter and verse => chapter. versed / v\:st; v[st/ adj [pred 作表语] ~ in sth knowledgeable about or skilled in sth 精通某事物; 对 某事物熟练: well versed in mathematics, the arts, etc 精通数学、文科等* well versed in the ways of journalists 熟悉新闻工作. versicle / 5v\:sIkl; `v[sIkl/ n each of the short sentencesin the liturgy said or sung by the clergyman and answeredby the congregation （做礼拜时, 牧师领读或领唱, 会众相随的）短句; （启应文中的） 启文. Cf 参看 response 3. versify / 5v\:sIfaI; `v[sE9faI/ v (pt, pp -fied) (fml 文) 1 [I] compose verse 写韵文; 作诗. 2 [Tn] put (prose) into verse 将（散文）改写成韵文: versify an old legend 把一个古老的传说改写成韵文. versification / 9v\:sIfI5keIFn; 9v[sEfE`keFEn/ n [U] (fml 文) (a) art of composing verse 诗格; 诗 律. (b) style in which verse is composed; metre 诗体; 韵律. versifier n. (sometimes derog 有时作贬义) maker of verses 写韵文的人; 把散文改写成韵文的人; 平庸诗人: amateur versifiers 业余诗人. version / 5v\:Fn; ?@ -Vn; `v[VEn/ n 1 account of an event, etc from the point of view of one person （个人对一件事的）说法: There were contradictory versions of what happened/of what the President said. 对于发生的事情[对于总统说的话]说法相互矛盾. 2 (a) special or variant form of sth made （某制造物的具体的或改变的）种, 类: the standard/de luxe version of this car 这种汽车的标准的 [豪华的]型号 * the original/final version of the play 这个话剧的最初的[最后的]形式. (b) specialadaptation of a book, piece of music, etc （书、乐曲等的）某种版本或改编本: the radio, film, etc version of `JaneEyre' 根据《简·爱》改编的广播、电影等* an orchestral version of a suite for strings 由弦乐组曲改编的管弦乐曲* a bilingual, an illustrated, etc version of the poems 这些诗的 双语的、插图的...版本. 3 translation into another language 译本; 译文: the Authorized/Revised Version of the Bible 《圣经》钦定英译本[钦定本的修订本]. verso / 5v\:sEU; `v[so/ n (pl ~s) any left-hand page of a book having an even number of pages （书的） 左页; 偶数书页. Cf 参看 recto. versus / 5v\:sEs; `v[sEs/ prep (abbrs 缩写v, vs) (Latin 拉) against (sb/sth) 对, 对抗（某人[某事 物]）: the advantageof better job opportunities versus the inconvenience of moving house and leaving one's friends 较好的求职机会之利与搬家及远离朋友之弊* Kent v(ersus) Surrey, eg in cricket 肯 特对萨里（如板球比赛） * (law 律) Rexv(ersus) Crippen 雷克斯对克里平案. vertebra / 5v\:tIbrE; `v[tEbrE/ n (pl -rae / -ri:; -ri/) any one of the segments of the backbone 椎骨; 脊 椎. =>illus at skeleton 见 skeleton 插图. vertebral / -rEl; -rEl/ adj: the vertebral column, ie the backbone 脊柱. vertebrate / 5v\:tIbreIt; `v[tE9bret/ n, adj (animal, bird, etc) having a backbone （鸟兽等）有脊柱的; 脊椎动物. vertex / 5v\:teks; `v[tZks/ n (pl -tices / -tIsi:z; -tE9siz/) 1(fml 文) highest point or top; apex 最高点; 顶点: (anatomy 解) the vertex of the skull 颅骨顶. 2 (mathematics 数) (a) point of a triangle, cone, etc opposite the base （三角形、圆锥体等与底相对的）顶. (b) meeting point of lines that form an angle, eg any point of a triangle, polygon, etc （三角形、多角形等的）角的顶点. vertical / 5v\:tIkl; `v[tIkl/ adj 1 at a right angle to another line or plane, or to the earth's surface （相 对于另一线或平面, 或相对于地面）垂直的, 竖的, 直立的: the vertical axis of a graph 图表的纵 轴线* The cliff was almost vertical. 那个悬崖近乎直上直下. * a vertical take-off aircraft, ie one that rises straight up into the air without needing a runway 垂直起飞的飞机. 2 in the direction from top to bottom of a picture, etc （图等上的方向）从上到下的, 纵向的: the vertical clues of a crossword 纵横字谜的纵行提示词语. vertical n. vertical line, part or position 垂直线; 垂直部分; 垂直位置: out of the vertical, ie not vertical 不垂直的. vertically / -klI; -klI/ adv. vertices pl of vertex. vertigo / 5v\:tIgEU; `v[tI9-o/ n [U] feeling of losing one's balance, caused esp by looking down from a great height; dizziness 眩晕; （尤指）高处俯视性眩晕; 头晕: suffer from (an attack of) vertigo 感 到（一阵）眩晕. vertiginous / v\:5tIdVInEs; v[`tIdVEnEs/ adj of or causing vertigo 眩晕的; 引起眩晕的: a vertiginous drop, descent, etc 令人眩晕的下落、下降等. verve / v\:v; v[v/ n [U] enthusiasm, spirit or vigour, esp in artistic or literary work （尤指在艺术或文 学工作中的）热忱, 精神, 活力: write, sing, act, etc with verve 积极地写作、歌唱、表演等 * The performance lacked verve. 这次表演缺乏生气. very / 5verI; `vZrI/ adv 1 (used as an intensifier before adjs, advs and dets 用于形容词、副词、限 定词前以加强语气) in a high degree; extremely 很; 非常; 十分; 极: very small, hot, useful 很小、 热、有用* very quickly, soon, far 极快、早、远* very much, few, etc 非常多、少等 * `Are you busy?' `Not very.' ｀你忙吗?＇｀不太忙.＇ 2 (before a superlative adj or own 用于形容词最 高级或own 之前) in the fullest sense 十足; 完全: the very best quality 最好的质量* the very first to arrive 最先到达者* six o'clock at the very latest 最迟6 点钟* your very own cheque-book 你 自己的那本支票簿. 3 exactly 正是: sitting in the very same seat 就坐在同一个座位上. very high frequency (abbr 缩写 VHF) radio frequency of 30 to 300 megahertz 甚高频（30 到300 兆赫的无线电频率）. very NOTE ON USAGE 用法: 1 Very much is used to modify verbs *very much 用以修饰动词: She likes Beethoven very much. 她很喜欢贝多芬的作品. * We have enjoyed staying with you very much. 我们很喜欢和你在一起. 2 Much or very much can modify past participles *much 或very much 可用以修饰过去分词: She is (very) much loved by everyone. 她深受大家喜爱. 3 Very is used to modify adjectives and past participles used as adjectives *very 用以修饰形容词和作形容词 用的过去分词: She is very talented. 她很有才华. * I am very tired. 我很累. * They were very interested. 他们很感兴趣. very / 5verI; `vZrI/ adj [attrib 作定语] 1 itself, himself, etc and no other; actual; truly such 正是的; 实在的; 真正的: This is the very book I want! 这正是我想要的书! * At that very moment the phone rang. 正好在那个时候电话铃响了. * You're the very man I want to see. 你就是我想见的人. * These pills are the very thing for your cold. 这些药丸才是治你感冒的药. 2 extreme 极端的: at the very end/beginning 最终[最初]. 3 (used to emphasize a n 用以加强名词的语气): He knows our very thoughts, ie our thoughts themselves, even our innermost thoughts. 他了解我们内心深处的 想法. * The very idea (ie The idea alone, quite apart from the reality) of going abroad delighted him. 他想到出国一事就很欢喜. * The very idea/thought! ie That is an impractical or improper suggestion. 真是个馊主意! （不切实际或不恰当.）* Sardine tins can be the very devil (ie very difficult) to open. 沙丁鱼罐头有时候还真难打开. 4 (idm 习语) under/before one's very eyes => eye1. Very light / 5verI laIt; `vZrI 9laIt/ coloured signal flare fired at night, eg as a sign of distress from a ship 维里信号弹（有彩色光, 夜间发射, 如用作船的遇难信号）. vesicle / 5vesIkl; `vZsIkl/ n (anatomy or biology 解或生) 1 small hollow bladder or cavity in the body of a plant or an animal （动植物体内的）囊, 泡. 2 blister 水疱. vesicular / vE5sIkjUlE(r); vE`sIkjElL/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of or characterized by the formation of vesicles 囊的; 泡的; 水疱的: swine vesicular disease 猪水疱病. vespers / 5vespEz; `vZspLz/ n [pl] church service or prayers in the evening; evensong （天主教及基 督教某些教派的）晚课; （英国国教的）晚祷. Cf 参看 matins. vessel / 5vesl; `vZsl/ n 1 (fml 文) ship or boat, esp a large one 船（尤指大船）; 舰: ocean-going vessels 远洋轮船* cargo vessels 货轮. Cf 参看 craft 2. 2 (fml 文) any hollow container, esp one used for holding liquids, eg a cask, bowl, bottle or cup 容器, 器皿（尤指盛液体的, 如桶、碗、瓶、 杯）. 3 tube-like structure in the body of an animal or a plant, conveying or holding blood or other fluid （动植物体内用以输送血液或其他液体的）管状结构; 血管; 脉管; 导管: blood-vessels 血 管. vest / vest; vZst/ n 1 (a) (Brit) (US undershirt) garment worn under a shirt, etc next to the skin 内衣; 汗衫; （贴身穿的）背心: thermal, cotton, string, etc vests 保暖汗衫、棉汗衫、网眼背心. (b) special (usu sleeveless) garment covering the upper part of the body 坎肩; （穿在外面的）背心: a bullet-proof vest 防弹背心. 2 (US) = waistcoat (waist). vest-pocket adj. [attrib 作定语] (esp US) small enough to fit in a waistcoat pocket 可放入坎肩口 袋里的; 袖珍的: a ,vest-pocket `camera 袖珍照相机. vest / vest; vZst/ v 1 [Tn.pr usu passive 通常用于被动语态] ~ sth in sb/sth; ~ sb/sth with sth (fml 文) give sth as a firm or legal right to sb/sth; confer sth on sb/sth 给予或赋予某人[某事物]（合法权 力）; 授予: the powersvested in a priest 赋予牧师的权力* Authority is vested in the people. 权力 属于人民. * vest sb with authority, rights in an estate, etc 授予某人权力、产权等* Parliament is vested with the power of making laws. 国会有立法权.2 [Tn] (arch or religion 古或宗) put on (ceremonial garments) 穿上（祭服）. 3 (idm 习语) have a vested interest (in sth) expect to benefit (from sth) 期望（从某事物中）受益: You have a vested interest in Tim's resignation, eg because you may get his job. 蒂姆辞职可能对你有好处（如因你可能得到他那份工作）. vestibule / 5vestIbju:l; `vZstE9bjul/ n 1 (fml 文) lobby or entrance hall, eg where hats and coats may be left 前厅, 门厅（如可放衣帽处）: the vestibule of a theatre, hotel, etc 戏院、旅馆等的前 厅. 2 (US) enclosed space between passenger coaches on a train 连廊, 通廊（列车两车厢相连处）: [attrib 作定语] vestibule train 连廊列车. vestige / 5vestIdV; `vZstIdV/ n 1 small remaining part of what once existed; trace 残余部分; 遗迹; 痕迹: Not a vestige of the abbey remains. 那修道院的遗迹已荡然无存. 2 (esp in negative sentences 尤用于否定句) not even a small amount 毫无; 一点也不: not a vestige of truth/common sense in the report 该报告中之毫无真实性[常识]. 3 (anatomy 解) organ, or part of one, that is a survival of sth that once existed 退化的器官; 退化器官的痕迹: man's vestige of a tail 人的尾巴的 痕迹. vestigial / ve5stIdVIEl; vZs`tIdVIEl/ adj remaining as a vestige 残留的; 退化的. vestment / 5vestmEnt; `vZstmEnt/ n (esp pl 尤作复数) ceremonial garment, esp one worn by a priest in church 礼仪服装; （尤指牧师的）法衣, 圣衣, 祭服. vestry / 5vestrI; `vZstrI/ n room or building attached to a church, where vestments are kept and where clergy and choir can put them on （教堂的）法衣室, 法衣更衣处. =>illus at App 1 见附录1 插图, page viii. vet / vet; vZt/ n (infml 口) = veterinary surgeon (veterinary). vet / vet; vZt/ v (-tt-) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth/sb (for sth) (Brit) examine (sb's past record, qualifications, etc) closely and critically 审查（某人过去的记录、资格等）: All staff are vetted for links with extremist groups before being employed. 所有职员录用前均须审查是否与极端分子团体有关. * be positively vetted for a government post, ie be found to be trustworthy 已通过政府部门任职审查. vet / vet; vZt/ n (US infml 口) = veteran 2. vetch / vetF; vZtF/ n plant of the pea family, used as fodder for cattle 巢菜, 大巢菜, 野豌豆（用作牲 畜饲料）. veteran / 5vetErEn; `vZtErEn/ n 1 person with much or long experience, esp as a soldier 经验丰富 的人; 老手; （尤指）老军人, 老兵: war veterans 经历过战争的老战士* veterans of two World Wars 经历过两次世界大战的老兵* veterans of the civil rights campaign 民权运动的老战士 * [attrib 作定语] a veteran politician, golfer 资深的政治家、高尔夫球老手. 2 (also infml 口语作 vet) (US) any ex-serviceman 退伍军人: `Veterans Day, ie 11 November, commemorating the armistice (1918) in World War I 停战纪念日, 退伍军人节（11 月11 日, 为纪念1918 年第一次世 界大战停战日）. veteran car ( Brit) car made before 1916, esp before 1905 老爷车（1916 年以前的, 尤指1905 年以 前生产的）: a veteran Rolls Royce 一辆劳斯莱斯老爷车. Cf 参看 vintage 2. veterinary / 5vetrInrI; ?@ 5vetErInerI; `vZtErE9nZrI/ adj [attrib 作定语] of or for the diseases and injuries of (esp farm and domestic) animals （为医治）动物（尤指家畜家禽）疾病的; 兽医的: veterinary medicine, studies 兽医学、动物疾病研究. veterinary surgeon ( also infml 口语作vet, US veterinarian / 9vetErI5neErIEn; 9vZtErE`nZrIEn/) (fml 文) person who is skilled in the treatment of animal diseases and injuries 兽医. veto / 5vi:tEU; `vito/ n (pl ~es) (a) [C, U] constitutional right to reject or forbid a legislative proposal or action 否决权: the ministerial veto 内阁的否决权* exercise the power/right of veto 行使否决 权* Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council have a veto over any proposal. 联 合国安全理事会常任理事国对一切提案均有否决权. * Japan used her veto to block the resolution. 日本使用了否决权反对该项决议. (b) [C] statement that rejects or forbids sth 否决或禁止某事物的 声明. veto v. (pres p vetoing) [Tn] reject or forbid (sth) authoritatively 否决或禁止（某事物）: The President vetoed the tax cuts. 总统否决了削减税收的议案. * (joc 谑) John's parents vetoed his plan to buy a motor bike. 约翰的父母不同意他买摩托车. vex / veks; vZks/ v (dated or fml 旧或文) 1 [Tn] anger or annoy (sb), esp with trivial matters 使（某 人）生气或恼怒（尤指因琐事）: His silly chatter would vex a saint. 他说的话很无聊, 多有涵养的 人也得气得发火. * She was vexed that I was late. 她嗔怪我来晚了. 2 [Tn esp passive 尤用于被 动语态] worry or distress (sb) 使（某人）忧虑或悲哀: He was vexed at his failure. 他失败后垂头 丧气. 3 (idm 习语) a vexed `question difficult problem that causes much discussion 引起很多争论 的问题: the vexed question of who pays for the damage 应由谁赔偿损失, 这个争论不休的问题. vexation / vek5seIFn; vZks`eFEn/ n 1 [U] state of being annoyed or worried 烦恼; 忧虑. 2 [C esp pl 尤作复数] thing causing annoyance or worry 使人恼怒或忧虑的事物: life's little vexations 生活中恼人的琐事. vexatious / vek5seIFEs; vZks`eFEs/ adj (dated or fml 旧或文) annoying or worrying 使人恼怒或 忧虑的: vexatious rules and regulations 烦人的规章制度. vg abbr. 缩写= (esp on corrected written work) very good （尤用以批改作业）很好. VHF / 9vi: eItF 5ef; 9vi etF `Zf/ abbr 缩写 = (radio 无) very high frequency: programmes broadcast on VHF 以甚高频播出的节目* a VHF radio 甚高频收音机. Cf 参看 UHF. via / 5vaIE; `vaIE/ prep by way of (sth); through 经由（某事物）; 通过: go from London to Washington via New York 从伦敦经纽约到华盛顿* I can send him a note via the internal mail system. 我可以通过内部通讯系统给他发个通知. viable / 5vaIEbl; `vaIEbl/ adj 1 sound and workable; feasible 切实可行的; 可实施的: a viable plan, proposition, proposal,etc 切实可行的计画、提议、建议等* scientifically, politically, economically viable 科学上、政治上、经济上可行的. 2 (biology 生) capable of developing and surviving independently 能自行生长发育的: viable eggs, seeds, foetuses 能孵化的蛋、能萌发的种子、能 成活的胎儿. viability / 9vaIE5bIlEtI; 9vaIE`bIlEtI/ n [U]: test the commercial viability of solar power 试验将太 阳能商品化的可行性. viaduct / 5vaIEdQkt; `vaIE9dQkt/ n long bridge, usu with many arches, carrying a road or railway across a valley or dip in the ground （跨越山谷或洼地以连通公路或铁路的）高架桥（通常有多孔）. vial / 5vaIEl; `vaIEl/ n = phial. vibes / vaIbz; vaIbz/ n 1 [sing or pl v] (infml 口) vibraphone 电颤琴: [attrib 作定语] a vibes player, eg in a jazz band 演奏电颤琴的人（如爵士乐队中的）. 2 [pl] (sl 俚) = vibrations (vibration 3): get good, bad, weird, etc vibes from sth 受某事物影响而产生的好的、不好的、奇怪的...情绪. vibrant / 5vaIbrEnt; `vaIbrEnt/ adj 1 vibrating strongly; resonant 振动的; 颤动的; 响亮的: the vibrant notes of a cello, contralto, canary 大提琴、女低音、金丝雀的颤音. 2 (fig 比喻) full of life and energy; exciting 充满生气的; 精力充沛的; 兴奋的: a vibrant atmosphere, personality,performance 活跃的气氛、活泼的个性、有活力的表演* She was vibrant with health and enthusiasm. 她健康活泼生气勃勃. 3 (esp of colours) bright and striking （尤指颜色）鲜明的, 醒目的: vibrant blues and yellows 鲜明的蓝色和黄色. vibrancy / -brEnsI; -brEnsI/ n [U]. vibraphone / 5vaIbrEfEUn; `vaIbrE9fon/ n musical instrumentlike a xylophone but with electric resonators under the metal bars giving a vibrating effect 电颤琴（类似木琴, 在金属棒下有电子共鸣 器可产生颤音效果）. vibrate / vaI5breIt; ?@ 5vaIbreIt; `vaIbret/ v [I, Tn] 1 (cause sth to) move rapidly and continuously backwards and forwards; shake （使某物）振动, 颤动, 摇摆: The whole house vibrates whenever a heavy lorry passes. 重型卡车一经过, 整所房子都震. 2 (cause sth to) resound or quiver with rapid slight variations of pitch （使某物）振动出声或发颤音: The strings of a piano vibrate when the keys are struck. 钢琴的琴键一弹琴弦就振动出声. * His voice vibrated with passion. 他激动得声音发 颤. * The trilled `r' is produced by vibrating the tongue against the upper teeth. 发带颤音的r, 舌抬向 上齿颤动而成. vibrator / -tE(r); -tL/ n device that vibrates or causes vibrations, esp one used in massage 振动装置; 震动器; （尤指）颤动按摩器. vibratory / -tErI; ?@ -tR:rI; -tRrI/ adj [attrib 作定语] (fml 文) vibrating or causing vibrations 振动 的; 颤动的; 产生振动的: a vibratory massage 颤动按摩. vibration / vaI5breIFn; vaI`breFEn/ n 1 [U, C] vibrating movement or sensation 振动; 颤动: Even at full speed the ship's engines cause very little vibration. 这条船即使全速前进, 发动机的震动也很 小. 2 [C] (physics 物) single movement to and fro when equilibrium has been disturbed （偏离平衡 位置的）一次往复振动: Middle C is equivalent to 256 vibrations per second. 中央C 音相当于每秒 钟振动256 次. 3 vibrations (infml 口) (also sl 俚语作 vibes) [pl] mood or mental influence produced by a particular person, thing, place, etc （由某人、事物、地方等引起的）感触, 感受. vibrato / vI5brB:tEU; vI`brBto/ n [U, C] (pl ~s) (music 音) throbbing or tremulous effect in singing or on a stringed or wind instrument, consisting of rapid slight variations in pitch （演唱的或管弦乐器演 奏产生的）颤音效果, 颤音. Cf 参看 tremolo. viburnum / vaI5b\:nEm; vaI`b[nEm/ n any of various types of shrub, usu with white flowers 荚迷属 （灌木, 通常开白花）. vicar / 5vIkE(r); `vIkL/ n (in the Church of England) clergyman in charge of a parish where tithes formerly belonged to another person or an institution （英国国教的）牧区牧师. Cf 参看 curate, minister1 3, priest, rector. vicarage / 5vIkErIdV; `vIkErIdV/ n house of a vicar 牧区牧师的住宅. Vicar of Christ title sometimes given to the Pope 有时作教皇的称号. vicarious / vI5keErIEs; ?@ vaI5k-; vaI`kZrIEs/ adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] 1 felt or experienced indirectly, by sharing imaginatively in the feelings, activities, etc of another person 设身处地的; 间 接感受到的; 有同感的: vicarious pleasure, satisfaction, etc 间接得到的乐趣、满足感等* He got a vicarious thrill out of watching his son score the winning goal. 他看著儿子射入一球获胜, 也感到 同样兴奋. 2 done, felt or experienced by one person on behalf of another 代别人做的、感受的或 经历的: vicarious punishment, suffering, etc 代人受的惩罚、苦难等. vicariously adv. vice / vaIs; vaIs/ n 1 (a) [U] evil or unprincipled conduct; wickedness 邪恶; 恶劣行径; 缺德行为: vice and corruption in the Secret Service 特工部门的邪恶与腐败现象. (b) [C] particular form of this 邪恶的或不道德的行为或现象: Greed is a terrible vice. 贪得无厌是可鄙的行为. Cf 参看 virtue 1. 2 [C] (infml or joc 口或谑) fault or bad habit; weakness 缺点; 坏习惯; 坏毛病: Sherry is one of my little vices! 我有个毛病, 就是好喝雪利酒! 3 [U] criminal or immoral behaviour, eg gambling,drug-trafficking, pornography, prostitution 罪恶行径, 不道德的行为（如赌博、贩毒、色 情勾当、卖淫）: [attrib 作定语] `vice squads, ie groups of police who try to prevent this 警方取缔 赌博、贩毒、色情活动的行动队* Detectives smash London vice ring, eg in a newspaper headline. 警探侦破伦敦黄赌毒团伙（如报刊标题）. 4 (idm 习语) a den of iniquity/vice => den. vice (US vise) / vaIs; vaIs/ n metal tool, used in woodwork, etc, with a pair of jaws that hold a thing securely while work is done on it 台钳; （老）虎钳: (fig 比喻) He held my arm in a vice-like (ie very firm) grip. 他的手像虎钳一样紧紧抓住了我的手臂. vice- : comb form 构词成分 1 acting as substitute or deputy for 代理; 副: vice-president * vice-chancellor. 2 next in rank to 级别低于: vice-admiral. =>App 9 见附录9. vice versa / 9vaIsI 5v\:sE; 9vaIsI `v[sE/ the other way round; with the terms or conditions reversed 反 之亦然; 反过来情况也一样: ,We gossip about `them and ,vice `versa, ie they gossip about us. 我们 议论他们, 他们也议论我们. viceroy / 5vaIsrRI; `vaIsrRI/ n person governing a colony, province, etc as the deputy of a sovereign （国王任命统治殖民地、自治领等的）总督. viceregal / vaIs5ri:gl; vaIs`ri-l/ adj of a viceroy 总督的. vicereine / 5vaIsreIn; `vaIsren/ n wife of a viceroy; female viceroy 总督夫人; 女总督. vicinity / vI5sInEtI; vE`sInEtI/ n (idm 习语) in the vicinity (of sth) (fml 文) in the surrounding district; in the neighbourhood 在周围地区; 在附近: There isn't a good school in the (immediate) vicinity. 附近没有好学校. * crowds gathering in the vicinity of Trafalgar Square 聚集在特拉法尔加 广场周围的人群 * (fig 比喻) a population in the vicinity of (ie of approximately) 100000 10 万左右 的人口. vicious / 5vIFEs; `vIFEs/ adj 1 acting or done with evil intentions; spiteful 有恶意的; 恶毒的: Vicious thugs attacked an elderly man. 歹徒们袭击了一个老大爷. * a vicious kick, look, remark 恶狠狠的一踢、样子、言语. 2 given up to vice1(3); depraved 邪恶的; 为非作歹的; 道 德败坏的; 堕落的: a vicious life 堕落的生活* vicious practices, habits, etc 恶行、恶习. 3 (of animals) savage and dangerous （指动物）凶猛而危险的. 4 (infml 口) violent or severe 剧烈的; 严重的: a vicious wind, headache, flu-virus 极厉害的大风、头痛、流感病毒. 5 (idm 习语) a vicious `circle state of affairs in which a cause produces an effect which itself produces the original cause, so continuing the whole process 恶性循环: I need experience to get a job but without a job I can't get experience it's a vicious circle. 我得有经验才能找到工作, 可是没有工作我就无法获得 经验--这真是个恶性循环. a vicious `spiral continuous rise in one thing (eg prices) caused by a continuous rise in sth else (eg wages) 恶性螺旋形上升（如工资不断增加, 造成物价不断上涨）. viciously adv. viciousness n. [U]. vicissitude / vI5sIsItju:d; ?@ -tu:d; vE`sIsE9tud/ n (usu pl 通常作复数) (fml 文) change in one's circumstances,esp for the worse （个人境况的）改变, （尤指）变坏: battlingagainst the vicissitudes of life 在每况愈下的生活中奋斗. victim / 5vIktIm; `vIktIm/ n 1 person, animal or thing thatis injured, killed or destroyed as the result of carelessness,crime or misfortune 被伤害、杀害或毁灭的人、动物或事物: Many pets are victims of overfeeding. 有许多宠物因喂食过量而遭殃. * murder, rape victims 谋杀案、强奸案的受害人 * earthquake, accident, strike victims 地震、事故、罢工事件的受难者 * (fig 比喻) He is the victim of his own success, eg because overwork has made him ill. 他成了自己成就的牺牲品（如积 劳成疾）. 2 (fig 比喻) person who is tricked or fooled 受骗者; 遭愚弄的人: the victim of a hoax, practical joke, conspiracy, etc 在骗局、恶作剧、阴谋等中上当的人. 3 living creature killed and offered as a religious sacrifice 为祭祀而宰杀的动物; 牺牲: a sacrificial victim 动物祭品. 4 (idm 习语) fall victim (to sth) be overcome (by sth); succumb (to sth) 被（某事物）降伏; 屈服（于某事 物）: He soon fell victim to her charms. 他很快就让她的魅力给迷住了. victimize, victimise / 5vIktImaIz; `vIktIm9aIz/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (for sth) 1 blame or punish sb unfairly for actions that others have carried out 责怪或处罚某人不当（使之受冤或代人受过）: Union leaders claimed that somemembers had been victimized (eg by being dismissed) for taking part in the strike. 工会领袖声称有些会员参加罢工竟遭资方惩处（如遭解雇）. 2 harm sb or make sb suffer unfairly; bully sb 不正当地使某人受损害或受苦难; 欺侮某人: The fat boy was victimized by his classmates. 那个胖小子挨同学欺侮了. victimization, victimisation / 9vIktImaI5zeIFn; US -mI5z-; 9vIktImE`zeFEn/ n [U]: The strikersagreed to return to work provided there would be no victimization of their leaders. 罢工工人同意复工, 条 件是不得惩处他们的领导人. victor / 5vIktE(r); `vIktL/ n (fml 文) winner of a battle, contest, game, etc 胜利者; 获胜者: emerge the victors 产生胜利者. Victoria Cross / vIk9tR:rIE 5krCs; ?@ 5krR:s; vIk9tRrIE `krRs/(abbr 缩写VC) (Brit) the highest military award for bravery 维多利亚十字勋章: Private Jones was awarded the Victoria Cross (for his Oxford Dictionary Translation memory software company ForeignDesk, Okapi Framework, OmegaT, Transolution, AidTransStudio, Cafetran, Déjà Vu (DVX), Heartsome Translation Suite, MemoQ, MetaTexis, Rainbow, SDLX, SDL, STAR Transit, Trados, SDL Trados, Wordfast, WordFisher, Similis, Open Language Tools http://www.transgood.com