TransGood-Translation memory software Trados, SDL, ForeignDesk, Wordfast, WordFisher, Déjà Vu (DVX), 译佳计算机辅助翻译软件, 雅信CAT
TransGood, TransMemory, Translation Software Tools, Computer-assisted translation, computer-aided translation, CAT, machine-aided translation, Translation memory software, Terminology management software, Alignment software, Software localization tools, ?bersetzung Software, Logiciels de traduction, Software di traduzione, Traducción de Software, Mémoire de traduction, Tradu??o memória, Memoria de traducción, Memoria di traduzione, Перевод Software, ForeignDesk, Okapi Framework, OmegaT, Transolution, AidTransStudio, Cafetran, Déjà Vu (DVX), Heartsome Translation Suite, MemoQ, MetaTexis, Rainbow, SDLX, SDL, STAR Transit, Trados, SDL Trados, Wordfast, WordFisher, Similis, Open Language Tools, 翻訳ソフトウェア, 翻訳メモリ, 翻译软件 辅助翻译软件 计算机辅助翻译软件 人工智能翻译 翻译工具 专业翻译软件 翻译记忆软件 塔多思 Trados SDL WordFast 雅信CAT 翻译公司 牛津词典 Oxford Dictionary case => meet1. prove one's/the case/point => prove. case-book n. written record kept by doctors, lawyers, etc of cases they have dealt with （医生、律 师等保存的自己曾处理过的）病历、案例等记录. case grammar ( linguistics 语言) type of transformationalgrammar in which the case relationships are used to describe the deep structure of sentences 格的语法（转换语法的一种类型, 以格的关系来 描述句子的深层结构）. case history record of a person's background, medical history, etc for use in professional treatment (eg by a doctor) 个案记录; 病历. case-law n. [U] law based on decisions made by judges in earlier cases 判例法（以过去的判例为根 据的法律）. Cf 参看common law (common1), statute law (statute). case-load n. all those people for whom a doctor, social worker, etc is responsible （医生、社会工 作者等所负责的）总人数, 工作量. case-study n. study of the development of a person or group of people over a period of time 个案研 究（对一个人或一些人在一段时间的情况发展的研究）. casework n. [U] social work involving the study of individuals or families with problems （对有问 题的个人或家庭所做的）社会工作. caseworker n. case / keIs; kes/ n 1 (a) (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) any of various types of container or protective covering （各种类型的）容器、套、罩或包装: a jewel case * a pencil case * a packing-case, ie a large wooden box for packing goods in * Exhibits in museums are often displayed in glass cases. 博物馆中的展品常摆放在玻璃橱里. (b) this with its contents; amount that it contains （各种类型的）容器及其内容或容量: a case (ie 12 bottles) of champagne 一箱香槟酒（12 瓶）. =>illus at box 见box 之插图. 2 suitcase 手提箱: Could you carry my case for me? 你给我提著手 提箱可以吗? case v. 1 [Tn] enclose (sth) in a case; encase 把（某物）装于容器中; 使装箱; 使装盒. 2 (idm 习语) case the joint (sl 俚) inspect a place carefully (esp before robbing it) 仔细探察一处所（尤指于 抢劫前）. casing n [U, C] protective covering 包装; 套; 罩: wrapped in rubber casing 包在橡胶套 中. case-hardened adj. made callous by experience 由于经历多而变得硬心肠或无感情的; 老于世故 而冷酷无情的. casein / 5keIsi:n; `kesIIn/ n [U] protein that is found in milk and that forms the basis of cheese 酪蛋白; 酪素. casement / 5keIsmEnt; `kesmEnt/ n (also casement window) window that opens on hinges like a door 门式窗. =>illus at App 1 见附录1 之插图, page vi. cash / kAF; kAF/ n 1 [U] (a) money in coins or notes 钱（硬币或纸币）; 现款; 现金: pay (in) cash 付现金* I have no cash on me may I pay by cheque? 我没带现款--可以付支票吗? * I never carry much cash with me. 我从不多带现款. (b) (infml 口) money in any form; wealth （任何形式的）金 钱; 财富: I'm short of cash at the moment. 我现在缺钱. 2 (idm 习语) cash `down with immediate payment of cash 即付现款; 现款交易. cash on de`livery system of paying for goods when they are delivered 货到付款. cash v. 1 [Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (for sb) exchange sth for cash 将某物兑换成现金: cash a cheque (for sb) （给某人）把支票兑现. 2 (phr v) cash in (on sth) take advantage of or profit from sth 从某 事物中获得利益或利润: The shops are cashing in on temporary shortages by raising prices. 商店趁 一时缺货而提高价格从中获利. cashable adj that can be cashed 可兑现的; 可兑换现金的. cash and carry 1 system in which the buyer pays for goods in cash and takes them away himself 现款自运（顾客付 现款自行将所购物品运走的制度）. 2 shop operating this system 现款自运商店（实行上述制度 的商店）: buy food in bulk at the local cash and carry 在本地现款自运商店购买大批食物. cashcard plastic card issued by a bank to its customers for use in a cash dispenser 自动提款卡. cash crop crop grown for selling, rather than for use by the grower 商品作物（为出售而非自用的农作物）. Cf 参看subsistence crop (subsist). cash desk desk or counter where payment is made in a shop 付款柜台; 付款处. cash dispenser machine (in or outside a bank) from which cash can be obtained when a personal coded card is inserted and a special code-number keyed 自动提款机. cash flow movement of money into and out of a business as goods are bought and sold 现金周转: [attrib 作定 语] a healthy cash flow situation, eg having enough money to make payments when required to do so 健康的现金周转状况. cashpoint n. = cash dispenser (dispense). cash register machine used in shops, etc that has a drawer for keeping money in, and displays and records the amount of each purchase 现金收入记录机. cashew / 5kAFu:; `kAFu/ n 1 tropical American tree （美洲热带的）[左木右贾]如树, 腰果树. 2 (also `cashew nut) its small edible kidney-shaped nut 腰果. =>illus at nut 见nut 之插图. cashier / kA5FIE(r); kA`FIr/ n person whose job is to receive and pay out money in a bank, shop, hotel, etc 出纳员. cashier / kA5FIE(r); kA`FIr/ v [Tn] dismiss (an army officer) from service, esp with dishonour 革除 （军官）职务. cashmere / 9kAF5mIE(r); `kAFmIr/ n [U] fine soft wool, esp that made from the hair of a type of Asian goat 开士米; 山羊绒: [attrib 作定语] a ,cashmere `sweater 开士米毛衣. casino / kE5si:nEU; kE`sino/ n (pl ~s) public building or room for gambling and other amusements 赌 场; 娱乐场. cask / kB:sk; ?@ kAsk; kAsk/ n (a) barrel, esp for alcoholic drinks （尤指盛酒精饮料的）桶. (b) amount that it contains 一桶的量. casket / 5kB:skIt; ?@ 5kAskIt; `kAskIt/ n 1 small (usu decorated) box for holding letters, jewels or other valuable things （收藏信件、珠宝或其他贵重物品的, 常为有装饰的）小箱. 2 (US) coffin 棺材. cassava / kE5sB:vE; kE`sBvE/ n 1 [C] tropical plant with starchy roots 木薯. 2 [U] starch or flour obtained from these roots, used to make tapioca 木薯粉. casserole / 5kAsErEUl; `kAsE9rol/ n (a) [C] covered heat-proof dish in which meat, etc is cooked and then served at table 焙盘（烹饪肉食等的带盖浅锅, 也可上桌）; 沙锅. =>illus at pan 见pan 之插 图. (b) [C, U] food cooked in a casserole 用焙盘或沙锅烹饪的食物; 焙盘炖菜: a/some chicken casserole 一份[一些]沙锅鸡. casserole v. [Tn] cook (meat, etc) in a casserole 用焙盘或沙锅烹饪（肉食等）. cassette / kE5set; kE`sZt/ n small sealed case containing a reel of film or magnetic tape （盛胶卷或磁 带等的）封闭小盒: [attrib 作定语] a cassette recorder, ie a tape-recorderwith which cassettes are used 盒式录音机. cassock / 5kAsEk; `kAsEk/ n long (usu black or red) garment worn by certain clergymen and members of a church choir 法衣（某些教士和教会唱诗班成员所穿的长袍, 通常为黑色或红色）. cast / kB:st; ?@ kAst; kAst/ v (pt, pp cast) 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] throw (sth), esp deliberately or with force 扔; 投; 掷; 抛: cast a stone 扔石头* The angler cast his line (into the water). 钓鱼的人把鱼 线抛入水中. 2 [Tn] allow (sth) to fall or drop; shed 脱落; 掉: Snakes cast their skins. 蛇能蜕皮. * The horse cast a shoe, ie One of its shoes came off. 这匹马的一只蹄铁脱落了. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr] turn or send (sth) in a particular direction; direct 向某一方向转或送（某物）: He cast a furtive glance at her. 他偷偷瞥了她一眼. * The tree cast (ie caused there to be) a long shadow (on the grass). 树（在 草地上）投下长长的影子. * (fig 比喻) The tragedy cast a shadow on/over their lives, ie made them gloomy and depressed. 这一悲剧在他们的生命中投下了一片阴影（使他们愁闷、沮丧）. * (fig 比 喻) His muddled evidence casts doubt on his reliability as a witness. 他的证词糊里糊涂, 使人对他 作为见证人的可靠性产生了怀疑. 4 (a) [Tn] shape (molten metal, etc) by pouring it into a mould 浇铸（熔化的金属等）: cast bronze 浇铸青铜. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (in sth) make (an object) in this way 铸造（某物）: a statue cast in bronze 青铜铸成的像 * (fig 比喻) The novel is cast in the form of a diary. 这部小说是以日记的形式写的. 5 (a) [I, Tn] choose actors to play parts in (a play, film, etc) 挑选演员扮演（影剧等中的）角色: We're casting (the play) next week. 我们下星期挑选（话 剧）演员. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (as sb); ~ sb (in sth) give sb a part in a play, etc 选派某人扮演戏剧等 中的角色: He was cast as Othello/cast in the role of Othello. 选派他扮演奥赛罗的角色. 6 (idm 习语) cast `anchor lower an anchor 抛锚. cast aspersions (on sb/sth) make damaging or derogatory remarks (about sb/sth) 中伤或诽谤（某人[某事物]）: How dare you cast aspersions on my wife's character! 你竟敢诽谤我妻子的人格! cast one's bread upon the waters (fml or rhet 文或修辞) do good deeds without expecting anything in return 做好事不图回报. cast an eye/one's eye(s) over sb/sth look or examine sb/sth quickly 很快地看或查某人[某事物]: Would you cast your eye over these calculations to check that they are correct? 你看一下这些计算数字, 检查是否正确, 好吗? cast/shed/throw light on sth => light1. cast/draw lots => lot3. cast one's mind back (to sth) think about the past 回顾; 回想: She cast her mind back to her wedding-day. 她回顾结婚的那一天. cast one's net wide cover a wide field of supply, activity, inquiry, etc 撒开大网（广泛地供应、活动、查询等）: The company is casting its net wide in its search for a new sales director. 公司撒开大网到处物色新 的销售主任. cast pearls before swine (saying 谚) offer beautiful or valuable things to people who cannot appreciate them 明珠暗投. cast a spell on sb/sth put sb/sth under the influence of a magic spell 用符咒迷惑某人[某事物]. cast a/one's `vote give a vote 投票. the die is cast => die3. 7 (phr v) cast about/around for sth try to find or think of sth hurriedly 匆忙寻找或考虑某事物: He cast about desperately for something tosay. 他搜索枯肠找话说. cast sb/sth aside abandon sb/sth as useless or unwanted; discard sb/sth 抛弃; 排除; 消除; 废除: She has cast her old friends aside. 她把老朋友 都撇在一边. * He cast aside all his inhibitions. 他抛弃了一切禁忌. cast sb away (usu passive 通常 用于被动语态) leave sb somewhere as a result of a shipwreck 某人因沉船而流落某处: be cast away on a desert island （因沉船）被撇在荒岛上. cast sb down (usu passive 通常用于被动语态) cause sb to become depressed 使某人沮丧: He is not easily cast down. 很少见他情绪低落. Cf 参看 downcast. cast (sth) off (a) untie the ropes holding a boat in position; release (a boat) in this way 解缆; 解缆放（船）. (b) (in knitting) remove (stitches) from the needles （指编织毛线等）收（针）. cast sb/sth off abandon or reject sb/sth 抛弃或驳回某人[某事物]: She's cast off three boy-friends in a month. 她一个月里就甩了三个男朋友. cast (sth) on (in knitting) put (the first line of stiches) on a needle （指编织毛线等）起（针）. cast sb out (fml 文) (esp passive 尤用于被动语态) drive sb away; expel 把某人赶走; 逐出. Cf 参看 outcast. casting n. 1 [C] object made by casting (cast1 4a) molten metal, etc 铸件. 2 [U] process of choosing actors for a play, film, etc 挑选演员（演话剧、电影等）: a strange bit of casting 演员选 得有些怪. castaway n. person who has been shipwrecked and left in an isolated place 沉船遇难流落在与外界 隔绝之地的人. casting vote vote given (eg by a chairman) to decide an issue when votes on each side are equal 决定票（当各方票 数相等时, 由主席所作的决定性投票）. cast iron hard alloy of iron made by casting in a mould 铸铁; 生铁. Cf 参看 wrought iron (wrought). ,cast-`iron adj 1 made of cast iron 铸铁制的; 生铁造的. 2 (fig 比喻) very strong; that cannot be broken 强壮的; 打不破的: He has a ,cast-iron consti`tution. 他的身体是铁打的. * They won't find her guilty. She's got a,cast-iron de`fence. 他们无法给她定罪. 她的答辩无懈可击. cast-off adj. [attrib 作定语] (esp of clothes) no longer wanted; discarded （尤指衣物）不再要的, 被丢弃的: cast-off shoes 被丢弃的鞋* a cast-off lover 被抛弃的情人. n (usu pl 通常作复数) garment which the original owner will not wear again 原主人不再穿的衣物: He wears his brother's cast-offs. 他穿著他哥哥的旧衣服. cast / kB:st; ?@ kAst; kAst/ n 1 [C] act of throwing sth 扔; 投; 掷; 抛: the cast of the dice 掷色子 * make a cast with a fishing-line/net 抛鱼线[撒鱼网]. 2 [C] (a) object made by pouring or pressing soft material into a mould 铸件; 塑件. (b) mould used to make such an object 模子; 模型. (c) = plaster cast (plaster). 3 [CGp] all the actors in a play, etc 戏剧等的全体演员: a film with a distinguished cast, ie with famous actors in it 名演员联合演出的电影* a cast of thousands, eg for an epic film 成千上万的演出人员（如史诗影片的） * [attrib 作定语] a `cast list 演出人员表. 4 [sing] type or kind (of sth) （某事物的）类型: He has an unusual cast of mind. 他的头脑不寻常. 5 [C] = worm-cast (worm). 6 [C] (dated 旧) slight squint 轻度斜视眼: She has a cast in one eye. 她 一只眼轻度斜视. castanets / 9kAstE5nets; 9kAstE`nZts/ n [pl] pair of shell-shaped pieces of wood or ivory clicked together with the fingers, esp as a rhythmic accompaniment to a Spanish dance 响板（木头或象牙制 成的一对贝壳形板, 用手指拍合作响, 尤作西班牙舞蹈的伴奏器）. caste / kB:st; kAst/ n 1 [C] any of the hereditary Hindu social classes 印度的社会等级: the lowest caste 最低阶层 * [attrib 作定语] the caste system （印度的）社会等级制度. 2 [C] any exclusive social class 任何排他的社会阶层. 3 [U] social system based on rigid distinctions of birth, rank, wealth, etc 种姓（按照血统、阶级、财富等严格区分的社会制度）. 4 (idm 习语) lose caste => lose. castellated / 5kAstEleItId; `kAstE9letId/ adj having turrets or battlements like a castle （似城堡的） 有角楼或城垛的; 有雉堞的. castigate / 5kAstIgeIt; `kAstE9-et/ n [Tn] (fml 文) scold, criticize or punish (sb) severely 严厉责骂、 批评或惩罚（某人）. castigation / 9kstI5geIFn; 9kAstE`-eFEn/ n [C, U] castle / 5kB:sl; ?@ 5kAsl; `kAsl/ 1 large fortified building or group of buildings with thick walls, towers, battlements and sometimes a moat 城堡; 堡垒: a medieval castle 中世纪的城堡 * Windsor Castle 温莎宫. =>illus 见插图. 2 (also rook) (in chess) any of the four pieces placed in the corner squares of the board at the start of a game （国际象棋的）车. =>illus at chess 见chess 之插图. 3 (idm 习语) (build) castles in the `air/in `Spain (have) plans or hopes that are unlikely to be realized; day-dreams 空中楼阁; 白日梦. an English-man's home is his castle => Englishman (English). castle v. [I] (as a single move in chess) move either castle to the square next to the king and the king to the square on the other side of that castle （国际象棋中的一步）用车护王. castor (also caster) / 5kB:stE(r); ?@ 5kAs-; `kAstL/ n 1 any of the small swivelling wheels fixed to the bottom of a piece of furniture so that it can be moved easily （家具的）小脚轮. =>illus at App 1 见附录1 之插图, page xvi. 2 small container with holes in the top for sprinkling sugar, etc 调味瓶 （顶端有小孔, 用以撒糖等）. castor sugar (also caster sugar) white sugar in fine grains 细白砂糖. castor oil / 9kB:stEr 5RIl; ?@ 5kAstEr RIl; `kAstL 9RIl/ thick yellowish oil obtained from the seeds of a tropical plant and used as a laxative and a lubricant 蓖麻油. castrate / kAs5treIt; ?@ 5kAstreIt; `kAstret/ v [Tn] remove the testicles of (a male animal or person); geld 割除（雄性动物或男子的）睾丸; 阉割; 去势: A bullock is a castrated bull. 阉牛是去势的公 牛. castration / k5AstreIFn; kAs`treFEn/ n [U]. casual / 5kAVUEl; `kAVJEl/ adj 1 [esp attrib 尤作定语] happening by chance 偶然的; 碰巧的: a casual encounter, meeting, visit, etc 邂逅、不期而遇、不意的拜访. 2 (a) [esp attrib 尤作定语] made or done without much care or thought; offhand 不经意的; 随便的; 马虎的; 临时的: a casual remark 漫不经心的话. (b) (derog 贬) showing little concern; nonchalant; irresponsible 漠不关心的; 无动于衷的; 不负责任的: His attitude to his job is rather casual. 他的工作态度不太认真. (c) [esp attrib 尤作定语] not methodical or thorough; not serious 无条理的; 不彻底的; 不认真的: a casual inspection 草率的检查* a casual glance at a book 胡乱看一本书* a casual observer, reader, etc 马虎的观察者、读者等. 3 (of clothes) for informal occasions; not formal （衣物）便服的, 非正 式的: casual wear 便装. 4 [attrib 作定语] not permanent; irregular; part-time 非永久的; 不定期 的; 部分时间的: earn one's living by casual labour 靠做短工为生* a casual labourer 临时工 * casual sex, ie not involving a lasting relationship 萍水相逢的性行为（非持久的关系）. 5 [attrib 作 定语] slight; superficial 轻微的; 表面的; 肤浅的: a casual acquaintance 泛泛之交. casually / 5kAVUElI; `kAVJElI/ adv: meet sb casually 巧遇某人* casually dressed 穿得随便的 * casually employed 短期雇用的. casualness n. [U]. casuals n. [pl] informal clothes, esp men's slip-on shoes 便装（尤指男用无带、扣的鞋）. casualty / 5kAVUEltI; `kAVJEltI/ n 1 person who is killed or injured in war or in an accident （战争 或事故中的）伤亡者: Heavy casualties were reported (ie It was reported that many people had been killed) in the fighting. 据报战斗中伤亡惨重（很多人被杀）. * (fig 比喻) Mr Jones was the first casualty of the firm's cut-backs, ie the first to lose his job because of them. 琼斯先生在公司裁员中 首当其冲（第一个被裁掉）. * [attrib 作定语] a casualty list 伤亡名单. 2 thing that is lost, damaged or destroyed in an accident 事故中损失的物品: The cottage was a casualty of the forest fire. 那小屋被森林大火烧毁. 3 (also `casualty ward, `casualty department, US emergency) part of a hospital where people who have been hurt in accidents are taken for urgent treatment 急诊室. casuistry / 5kAzjUIstrI; `kAVJIstrI/ n [U] (fml usu derog 文, 通常作贬义) resolving of moral problems, esp by the use of clever but false reasoning; sophistry 诡辩; 曲解; 诡辩术. casuist n. (fml usu derog 文, 通常作贬义) person who is skilled in casuistry 诡辩家. casuistic / 9kAzjU5IstIk; 9kAVJ`IstIk/ (also casuistical) / -tIkl; -tIkl/ adj. casuistically / -tIklI; -tIklI/ adv. casus belli / 9kB:sUs 5beli:, 9keIsEs 5belaI; `kesEs `bZlaI/ (Latin 拉) act or event which starts a war or is thought to justify starting a war 开战的理由、原因、藉口、行动或事件. cat / kAt; kAt/ n 1 [C] small furry domesticated animal often kept as a pet or for catching mice 猫: We've got three cats and a dog. 我们有三只猫和一只狗. * [attrib 作定语] `cat food 猫食. =>illus at mouse 见mouse 之插图. 2 [C] wild animal related to this 猫科动物: big `cats, ie lions, tigers, leopards, etc 大的猫科动物（狮、虎、豹等） * [attrib 作定语] the cat family 猫科. =>illus 见 插图. 3 [C] (derog 贬) malicious woman 狠毒的女人. 4 the cat [sing] = cat-o'-nine-tails. 5 (idm 习语) be the cat's `whiskers/`pyjamas (infml 口) be the best thing, person, idea, etc 了不起的 东西、人、主意等: He thinks he's the cat's whiskers, ie has a high opinion of himself. 他自命不凡. a cat-and-dog life a life in which partners are frequently or constantly quarrelling （在一起居住者） 经常吵架的生活. a cat in hell's chance (of doing sth) (infml 口) no chance at all 一点儿机会也没有. curiosity killed the cat => curiosity. let the cat out of the bag reveal a secret carelessly or by mistake （无意中）泄露秘密; 露马脚: I wanted mother's present to be a secret, but my sister let the cat out of the bag. 给母亲的礼物我原想保密, 可是妹妹却露了马脚. like a ,cat on hot `bricks (infml 口) very nervous 非常紧张; 像热锅上的蚂蚁; 如坐针毡: He was like a cat on hot bricks before his driving test. 他面临驾驶考试, 紧张得像热锅上的蚂蚁. no room to swing a cat => room. play cat and mouse/play a cat-and-mouse game with sb (infml 口) keep sb in a state of uncertain expectation, treating him alternately cruelly and kindly 对某人时好时坏、忽冷 忽热. put/set the `cat among the pigeons (infml 口) introduce sb/sth that is likely to cause trouble or disturbance 引来可能招惹是非或麻烦的人或事物: The new vicar's a Marxist that'll set the cat among the pigeons! 新来的牧师是马克思主义者--这下子可要鸡犬不宁了. rain cats and `dogs => rain2. wait for the cat to jump/to see which way the cat jumps => wait1. cat burglar ( Brit) burglar who enters houses by climbing up walls, drain-pipes, etc （沿墙壁或水管 潜入屋内的）小偷, 飞贼. cat-o-nine-tails n. [sing] whip with nine knotted lashes, formerly used for flogging prisoners 九尾鞭 （由九条带纥结的鞭条做的鞭子, 旧时用以抽打囚犯）. cat's-cradle n. game in which string is looped round and between the fingers to form patterns 编花 篮, 翻绳儿（将细绳绕于手指上做成各种花样的游戏）. Cat's-eye n. (propr 专利名) any one of a line of reflecting studs marking the centre or edge of a road as a guide to traffic when it is dark 猫眼（安置在道路中央或边缘的小反光镜, 组成一线, 于黑暗 中指示交通用的）. cats-paw n. person who is used by sb else to do sth risky or unpleasant 被人利用做冒险或厌恶事 情的人. cat / kAt; kAt/ n (US infml 口) = caterpillar tractor (caterpillar). CAT / 9si: eI 5ti:; 9si e `ti or, in informal use 俗读作kt; kAt/ abbr 缩写 = (Brit) College of Advanced Technology 工学院. cataclysm / 5kAtEklIzEm; `kAtE9klIzEm/ n sudden violentchange or disaster, eg a flood, an earthquake, a revolution or a war 突发的剧烈变动或灾难（如洪水、地震、革命或战争）. cataclysmic / 9ktE5klIzmIk;9kAtE`klIzmIk/ adj: the cataclysmic events of 1939-45 1939-1945 年间的 战乱. catacombs / 5kAtEku:mz; ?@ -kEUmz; `kAtE9komz/ n [pl] series of underground tunnels with openings along the sides for burying the dead (as in ancient Rome) 地下墓穴（如古罗马的）. catafalque / 5kAtEfAlk; `kAtE9fAlk/ n decorated platform on which the coffin of a distinguished person lies before or during a funeral 灵柩台. catalepsy / 5kAtElepsI; `kAtE9lZpsI/ n [U] disease which causes a person to become temporarily unconscious and his body rigid 强直性昏厥; 僵住症. cataleptic / 9kAtE5leptIk; 9kAtE`lZptIk/ adj of or suffering from catalepsy 强直性昏厥的; 患僵住症 的. n person suffering from catalepsy 僵住症患者. catalogue (US also catalog) / 5kAtElCg; ?@ -lR:g;`kAtl9R-/ n 1 (book or booklet containing a) complete list of items, usu in a special order and with a description of each 目录; 目录册: a library catalogue 图书目录* an exhibition catalogue 展览目录. 2 (fig 比喻) series 系列: a catalogue of disasters 一连串的灾难. catalogue v. [Tn] list (sth) in a catalogue 将（某事物）编成目录, 列入目录. catalysis / kE5tAlEsIs; kE`tAlEsIs/ n [U] process of speeding up a chemical reaction with a catalyst 催化作用; 触媒作用. catalytic / 9kAtE5lItIk; 9kAtl`ItIk/ adj of or causing catalysis 催化作用的; 起催化作用的. catalyst / 5kAtElIst; `kAtlIst/ n 1 substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without itself changing 催化剂; 触媒剂. 2 (fig 比喻) person or thing that causes a change 促使变化的人或事 物: The offer of a new job provided just the catalyst she needed. 这份新工作正是她所需要转变的契 机. catamaran / 9kAtEmE5rAn; 9kAtEmE`rAn/ n 1 sailing-boat with two parallel hulls 双体船. =>illus 见插图. 2 raft made of two boats or logs fastened side by side （两只船或木排组成的）筏子. catapult / 5kAtEpQlt; `kAtE9pQlt/ n 1 (US slingshot) Y-shaped stick with a piece of elastic attached to it, used esp by children for shooting stones 弹弓（尤指儿童玩的）. =>illus 见插图. 2 (in ancient times) machine for throwing heavy stones in war （古时）石弩. 3 apparatus for launching gliders or for launching aircraft from the deck of a ship （使滑翔机或飞行器从轮船甲板上升空的）弹射器. catapult v. 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] shoot or launch (sth) from a catapult 用弹弓、石弩或弹射器射出或弹 射（某物）. 2 [Ipr, Tn.pr] (cause sb/sth to) be thrown suddenly and with force （使某物）被猛力 掷出: In the crash the driver (was) catapulted through the windscreen. 在事故中司机从挡风玻璃中 （被）弹了出来. cataract / 5kAtErAkt; `kAtE9rAkt/ n 1 large steep waterfall （大而陡的）瀑布. 2 (medical 医) (a) disease in which the lens of the eye becomes cloudy, causing partial or total blindness 白内障. (b) area clouded in this way 白内障的晶状体: an operation to remove cataracts 白内障（晶状体）摘除 手术. catarrh / kE5tB:(r); kE`tBr/ n [U] (a) inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose and throat, causing an increased flow of mucus 卡他; （鼻喉）黏膜炎. (b) mucus forming in this way （鼻喉） 黏液: I've a bad cold and I'm full of catarrh. 我得了重感冒, 总流鼻涕. catastrophe / kE5tAstrEfI; kE`tAstrEfI/ n sudden great disaster or misfortune 突如其来的大灾难或 大灾祸: The earthquake was a terrible catastrophe. 这次地震是可怕的灾难. > catastrophic/ 9kAtE5strCfIk; 9kAtE`strBfIk/ adj: a catastrophic failure 灾难性的失败. catastrophically adv. catcall / 5kAtkR:l; `kAt9kRl/ n shrill whistle expressing disapproval （表示反对的）嘘声: The Minister's speech was greeted with jeers and catcalls. 这位大臣的讲话遭到嘲笑, 嘘声四起. catcall v. [I] make catcalls 发出嘘声. catch / kAtF; kAtF/ v (pt, pp caught/ kR:t; kRt/) 1 (a) [Tn] stop and hold (a moving object) esp in the hands 接住（运动的物体）（尤指用手）: I threw a ball to her and she caught it. 我把球扔给她, 她 接住了. * Our dog likes catching biscuits in its mouth. 我们的狗喜欢用嘴接饼乾. (b) [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sb (out) (in cricket) dismiss (a batsman) by catching the ball he has hit before it touches the ground （板球）在球触地之前接住球而迫使（击球员）出场; 接杀出局. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] capture (sb/sth) after a chase, in a trap, etc; seize and hold 捉住; 抓住; 逮住; 捕获: catch a thief 捉贼 * Cats catch mice. 猫捉老鼠. * How many fish did you catch? 你捕到多少鱼? * I caught him (ie met him and stopped him) just as he was leaving the building. 他正要离开大楼的时候, 我把他截住了. * catch sb by the arm, throat, scruff of the neck, etc 抓住某人的胳臂、掐住某人的脖子等. 3 [Ipr, Cn.g] find or discover (sb doing sth); take by surprise 发现或发觉（某人正做某事）; 突然抓住: I caught her with her fingers in the biscuit tin. 我看见她手指还在饼乾盒里呢. * I caught a boy stealing apples from the garden. 我撞见一个男孩儿偷园里的苹果. * You won't catch me working (ie I would never work) on a Sunday! 你决见不到我在星期日工作! 4 [Tn] be in time for (and get on) (sth) 及时赶到; 赶上: catch a bus, plane, train, etc 赶上公共汽车、飞机、火车等* catch the post, ie post letters before the box is emptied by the postman 赶上邮局的一班收信时刻（在邮递员将信箱 里的信取走之前寄出）. 5 [Tn] (US infml 口) see or hear (sth); attend 看或听（某事物）; 参加: Let's eat now and maybe we could catch a movie later. 咱们现在就吃, 说不定吃完能赶场电影. [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (in/on sth) (cause sth to) become fixed, stuck or entangled in or on sth （使某 物）固著、卡住、钩住、缠住、绊住、夹住或挂住某物: The lock won't catch, ie cannot be fastened. 这锁锁不上了. * Her dress caught on a nail. 她的衣服让钉子给钩住了. * He caught his thumb in the door. 他的拇指让门夹了. * He caught his foot on a tree root and stumbled. 他一只脚 被树根绊住而跌倒了. 7 [Tn] become infected with (an illness) 感染上, 传染上（疾病）: catch (a) cold 患感冒* catch 'flu, pneumonia, bronchitis, etc 染上流感、肺炎、支气管炎等. 8 [Tn] hear (sth); understand 听见（某事物）; 理解; 了解: Sorry, I didn't quite catch what you said. 对不起, 我 没听清你的话. * I don't catch your meaning. 我不明白你的意思. 9 [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.n] hit (sth) 击 中（某物）: The stone caught him on the side of the head. 那块石头击中他头部的侧面. * She caught him a blow on the chin. 她打了他下巴一拳. 10 [I] begin to burn 烧著; 著火: These logs are wet: they won't catch. 这些木头很湿, 点不著. 11 [Tn] reproduce (sth) accurately 精确地再现（某事 物）: The artist has caught her smile perfectly. 艺术家巧妙地捕捉住她的笑容. 12 (idm 习语) be caught/taken short => short2. catch sb `at it = catch sb red-handed. catch sb's at`tention/`eye attract sb's attention 吸引某人的注意: Try to catch the waiter's eye. 招呼服务员. * A newspaper headline caught his attention. 报纸的大标题引起他的注意. catch one's `breath stop breathing for a moment (because of fear, shock, etc) （因恐惧、震惊等）一时停止呼吸, 屏息: He caught his breath in surprise. 他惊奇得屏住了呼吸. catch one's death (of cold) (infml 口) catch a severe cold 患重感冒: Don't go out without a coat: you'll catch your death. 别不穿外套出去, 会得重感冒的. catch/take sb's fancy => fancy1. catch `fire begin to burn, esp accidentally 烧著, 著火（尤指意外地）: She was standing too close to the fireplace and her dress caught fire. 她站得离壁炉太近了, 衣服烧著了. catch it (infml 口) be punished or scolded 受罚; 挨骂: If your father finds you here you'll really catch it! 要 是你父亲知道你在这里, 你非挨骂不可! catch sb `napping find sb not paying attention 发现某人精 神不集中: Don't let the boss catch you napping! 别让老板发现你走神儿! catch sb on the wrong `foot catch sb when he is not ready or expecting sth 乘某人不备, 出其不意. catch sb red-`handed discover sb in the act of doing sth wrong or committing a crime 当场发现某人正做坏事或犯罪. catch sight/a glimpse of sb/sth see sb/sth for a moment 一眼瞥见某人[某事物]: She caught sight of a car in the distance. 她一眼瞥见远处的汽车. * He caught a glimpse of her before she vanished into the crowd. 他看见她一闪就在人群中消失了. catch the `sun become sun-burned 晒焦; 晒黑: Your back looks sore you've really caught the sun today. 你后背红了--今天真晒坏了. catch/take sb unawares => unawares (unaware). catch sb with his pants/trousers down (infml 口) catch or trap sb when he is unprepared or not being watchful 乘某人措手不及; 乘其不备; 出其不意; 冷不防. the early bird catches the worm => early. set a sprat to catch a mackerel => sprat. set a thief to catch a thief => thief. 13 (phr v) catch at sth = clutch at sth (clutch). ,catch `on (to sth) (infml 口) understand (sth) 理解, 了解, 懂（某事物）: He is very quick/slow to catch `on. 他理解得很快[很 慢]. ,catch `on (with sb) (infml 口) become popular or fashionable 受欢迎; 变得流行: Mini-skirts first caught on in the 1960's. 超短裙是在六十年代开始流行的. ,catch sb `out show that sb is ignorant or doing sth wrong 显出某人无知或犯错误: Ask me anything you like you won't catch me out. 你尽管问吧--决问不倒我. ,catch `up (with sb); ,catch sb `up reach (and sometimes overtake) sb who is ahead (eg in a race); reach the same stage as sb 赶上（有时超过）某人; 达到与某人相同的 境界: Go on in front. I'll soon catch you up/catch up (with you). 你先走. 我很快就赶上你. * After missing a term through illness he had to work hard to catch up (with the others). 他因病一学期未上 课, 得努力赶上（其他同学）. ,catch `up on sth (a) spend extra time doing sth, in order to compensate for having neglected it 用额外时间做某事（以弥补所耽误的时间）: I've got a lot of work to catch `up on. 我有很多工作得赶著做. (b) acquire information about sth belatedly 事后了解对某事物的 情况: Come over for a chat so we can catch up on each other's news. 来聊聊天, 彼此好通通最近的 消息. be ,caught `up in sth be absorbed or involved in sth 被卷入或陷入某事物中: She was caught up in the anti-nuclear movement. 她投身于反核运动. catcher n. (in baseball) fielder who stands behind the batter （棒球）接球手. =>illus at baseball 见 baseball 之插图. catching adj. (of a disease) infectious （指疾病）传染性的. catchy adj. (-ier, -iest) (of a tune) pleasant and easy to remember （指曲调）悦耳易记的. catch-all n. (esp US) 1 thing for holding many small objects 装零星物品的东西. 2 word, phrase, etc that covers a range of possibilities without describing any of them precisely 笼统的词语. catch crop crop grown between rows of other crops 间作. catch / kAtF; kAtF/ n 1 act of catching (esp a ball) 抓住（尤指球）: a difficult catch 难接的球. 2 (amount of) sth caught 所捕获的某事物（的量）: a huge catch of fish 捕获大量的鱼 * (infml 口) He's a good catch, ie worth getting as a husband. 他是个好对象（值得嫁给他）. 3 device for fastening sth 固著某物的装置: The catch on my handbag is broken. 我的手提包的扣坏了. 4 hidden difficulty or disadvantage 潜在的困难或不利因素: The house is very cheap. There must be a catch somewhere. 这所房子非常便宜. 这里面一定有蹊跷. * [attrib 作定语] a `catch question, ie one intended to trick sb 怪问题（使人上当的问题）. 5 type of humorous song for three or more singers, each starting at a different time 轮唱曲. 6 (idm 习语) catch-22/ 9ktF twentI5tu:; 9kAtF 9twZn-tI`tu/ (sl 俚) dilemma faced by sb who is bound to suffer, whichever course of action he takes 进退维谷: [attrib 作定语] a catch-22 situation 进退维谷的情况. catchment area / 5kAtFmEnt eErIE; `kAtFmEnt 9ZrIE/ 1 (also catchment basin) area from which rainfall flows into a river, reservoir, etc 集水盆地（雨水由此处流入江河、水库等）. 2 (also catchment) area from which people are sent to a particular school, hospital, etc 属区（人们由此处被 送到某学校、医院等）: a school with a large catchment area 有大范围招生区的学校. catchpenny / 5kAtFpenI; `kAtF9pZnI/ adj [attrib 作定语] designed to make money 专为赚钱的: a catchpenny novel, title, device, trick 专为赚钱的小说、头衔、装置、花招. catchphrase / 5kAtFfreIz; `kAtF9frez/ n well-known phrase first used by, and later associated with, an entertainer, political leader, etc 名言; 警语. catchword / 5kAtFw\:d; `kAtF9w[d/ n 1 word or phrase placed where it will attract attention, eg above a paragraph in a newspaper article 醒目的字或词语（如报章段落中的小标题）. 2 first or last word of a page in a dictionary, printed above the columns （词典上的）眉题. catechize, catechise / 5kAtEkaIz; `kAtE9kaIz/ v [Tn] teach (sb) (esp about religion) by means of questions and answers 用问答教学法教（某人）（尤指宗教内容）. catechism / 5kAtEkIzEm; `kAtE9kIzEm/ n (a) [U] summary of the principles of a religion in the form of questions and answers 教义问答. (b) [C] series of such questions, used for religious instruction 教 义问答集. catechize, catechise / 5kAtEkaIz; `kAtE9kaIz/ v [Tn] teach (sb) (esp about religion) by means of questions and answers 用问答教学法教（某人）（尤指宗教内容）. categorical / 9kAtE5gCrIkl; ?@ -gR:r-; 9kAtE`-RrIkl/ adj (of a statement) unconditional; absolute; explicit （指陈述）无条件的, 绝对的, 明确的: a categorical denial, refusal, etc 断然的否认、拒绝 等. categorically /-klI; -klI/ adv. category / 5kAtEgErI; ?@ -gR:rI; `kAtE9-RrI/ n class or group of things in a complete system of grouping 种类; 类别; 范畴: place things in categories 分门别类. categorize, -ise / 5kAtEgEraIz; `kAtE-E9raIz/ v [Tn] place (sth) in a category 将（某事物）分类. cater / 5keItE(r); `ketL/ v 1 (a) [I, Ipr] ~ (for sth/sb) provide food and services, esp at social functions 提供饮食及服务（尤指社交方面）: cater for a party, banquet, etc 为聚会、宴会等备办 食物* Fifty is a lot of people to cater for! 承办五十人的饮食可够多的! (b) [Tn] (esp US) provide food and services for (a party, banquet, etc) 为（聚会、宴会等）提供饮食及服务. 2 [Ipr] (a) ~ for sb/sth provide what is needed or desired by sb/sth 由某人[某事物]提供、迎合: TV must cater for many different tastes. 电视节目必须迎合各种人的爱好. (b) ~ to sth try to satisfy a particular need or demand 满足某种需要或要求: newspapers catering to people's love of scandal 迎合人们爱看丑 闻消息的报纸. caterer n. 1 person whose job is providing food for large social events 承办酒席的人. 2 owner or manager of a hotel, restaurant, etc （旅馆、饭店等的）老板, 经理. catering n. [U] (trade of) providing food, etc for social events 承办酒席（的行业）: Who did the catering for your son's wedding? 谁承办你儿子婚礼的酒席? caterpillar / 5kAtEpIlE(r); `kAtL9pIlL/ n 1 larva of a butterfly or moth 毛虫, 蛹（蝶或蛾的幼虫）. =>illus at butterfly 见butterfly 之插图. 2 (a) (also Cater-pillar track) (propr 专利名) endless belt passing round the wheels of a tractor or tank, enabling it to travel over rough ground 履带. (b) (also Caterpillar tractor, abbr 缩写cat) tractor fitted with such a belt 履带拖拉机. caterwaul / 5kAtEwR:l; `kAtL9wRl/ v [I] make a cat's shrill howling cry 发出猫叫春的声音: Do stop caterwauling, children! 孩子们, 别像猫似的乱叫! caterwaul n. [sing] shrill cry of or like a cat （像）猫叫春的声音. catfish / 5kAtfIF; `kAt9fIF/ n (pl unchanged 复数不变) large (usu freshwater) fish with whisker-like feelers round its mouth 鲶鱼. catgut / 5kAtgQt; `kAt9-Qt/ n [U] thin strong cord made from the dried intestines of animals and used for the strings of violins, tennis rackets, etc （小提琴、网球拍等用的）肠线. Cath abbr. 缩写 = Catholic. catharsis / kE5WB:sIs; kE`WBrsIs/ n (pl -ses/ -si:z; -siz/) 1 [C, U] (instance of the) release of strong feelings through the effect of art, esp drama （通过艺术作用, 尤指戏剧）强烈情感的发抒. 2 [U] (medical 医) emptying of the bowels 导泻; 通便. cathartic / kE5WB:tIk; kE`WBrtIk/ adj causing catharsis; purgative 导泻的; 通便的. n (medical 医) purgative drug 泻药. cathedral / kE5Wi:drEl; kE`WidrEl/ n main church of a district under the care of a bishop 总教堂; 大 教堂: [attrib 作定语] a cathedral city 有大教堂的城市. Catherine wheel / 5kAWrIn wi:l; 9kAWrIn `hwil/ n type of firework that spins when lit 转轮烟火. catheter / 5kAWItE(r); `kAWEtL/ n (medical 医) thin tube used to drain fluids from the body, esp one that is inserted into the bladder to extract urine 导管; （尤指）导尿管. catheterize, -ise [Tn] insert a catheter into (sb/sth) 将导管插入（某人[某物]）. cathode / 5kAWEUd; `kAWod/ n negative electrode, by which an electric current leaves a device such as a battery 阴极; 负极. Cf 参看 anode. cathode ray beam of electrons from the cathode in a vacuum tube 阴极射线. ,cathode `ray tube vacuum tube, eg the picture tube of a TV set, in which cathode rays produce a luminous image on a fluorescent screen 阴极射线管. Catholic / 5kAWElIk; `kAWElIk/ adj 1 = Roman Catholic (Roman): the Catholic Church 天主教会 * a Catholic priest, school 天主教教士、学校. Cf 参看Protestant. 2 (also catholic) of or relating to all Christians or the whole Christian Church 天主教的; 与天主教有关的. Catholic n. (abbr 缩写Cath) member of the Roman Catholic Church 天主教徒: Is she a Catholic or a Protestant? 她是天主教徒还是新教徒? Catholicism / kE5WClEsIzEm; kE`WBlE9sIzEm/ n [U] = Roman Catholicism (Roman). catholic / 5kAWElIk; `kAWElIk/ adj including many or most things; general; universal 包罗万象的; 广泛的; 普遍的: have catholic tastes, interests, views, etc 广泛的爱好、兴趣、意见等. catholicity / 9kWE5lIsEtI; 9kAWE`lIsEtI/ n [U] universalityor breadth (esp of interests) 普遍性, 广 泛性（尤指兴趣）. catkin / 5kAtkIn; `kAtkIn/ n tuft of soft downy flowers hanging from the twigs of such trees as willows or birches 柔荑花序（垂于柳树或桦树枝头的软毛花穗）, 柳絮. catmint / 5kAtmInt; `kAt9mInt/ (also catnip) n [U] aromatic plant with blue flowers whose smell is attractive to cats 猫薄荷; 樟脑草. catnap / 5kAtnp; `kAtnAp/ n short sleep; doze 小睡; 瞌睡; 盹儿. catnap v. (-pp-) [I] have a catnap 小睡片刻; 打瞌睡; 打盹儿. catnip / 5kAtnIp; `kAtnIp/ n [U] = catmint. catsuit / 5kAtsu:t; `kAt9sut/ n close-fitting garment that covers the body from the neck to the feet （从 颈至足全身的）紧身衣. cattle / 5kAtl; `kAtl/ n [pl v] animals with horns and cloven hoofs such as cows, bulls and bullocks, bred for their milk or meat; oxen 牛（总称）: a herd of cattle 一群牛* twenty head of cattle, eg twenty cows 二十头牛* The prisoners were herded like cattle. 囚犯像牲口一样被赶到一起. * [attrib 作定语] `cattle breeding 饲养牛* `cattle sheds 牛棚. cattle-cake n. [U] small blocks of concentrated food fed to cattle 牛饲料. cattle-grid n. (usu metal) grid covering a ditch in a road so that vehicles can pass but not cattle, sheep, etc 拦畜沟栅（通常为金属制的架子, 置于路中的沟上, 车辆可通过而牛羊等无法通过）. catty / 5kAtI; `kAtI/ adj (-ier, -iest) (also cattish) malicious; spiteful 恶毒的; 恶意的: catty remarks 恶毒的话. cattily adv. cattiness n. [U]. catwalk / 5kAtwR:k; `kAt9wRk/ n raised narrow footway along a bridge, over a theatre stage, etc （桥 梁、舞台等的）狭窄的人行道. Caucasian / kR:5keIzIEn, kR:5keIVn; kR`keVEn/ (also Caucasoid/ 5kR:kEzRId; `kRkE9sRId/) adj of or relating to the `white' or light-skinned racial division of mankind 白种人的; 高加索的; 高加索人 的. Caucasian n. Caucasian person 白种人; 高加索人. caucus / 5kR:kEs; `kRkEs/ n [CGp] (sometimes derog 有时作贬义) 1 (meeting of the) parliamentary members of a particular political party or any other legislature 政党或立法机关的议会 成员（的会议）. 2 (US) (meeting of the) members or leaders of a particular political party to choose candidates, decide policy, etc 政党的决策干部（的会议）. 3 local organizing committee of a political party, which decides policy, etc 政党的地方决策委员会. caught pt, pp of catch. caul / kR:l; kRl/ n (anatomy 解) (a) membrane enclosing a foetus in the womb 胎膜. (b) part of this that is sometimes found on a child's head at birth （在幼儿出生时头部有时带有的）部分胎膜. cauldron (also caldron) / 5kR:ldrEn; `kRldrEn/ n large deep pot for boiling things in 大锅. cauliflower / 5kClIflaUE(r); ?@ 5kR:lI-; `kRlE9flaJL/ n [C, U] type of cabbage with a large dense white head of flowers, eaten as a vegetable 花椰菜; 菜花: Have some more cauliflower. 再吃点菜 花. =>illus at cabbage 见cabbage 之插图. cauliflower cheese ( Brit) cauliflower cooked and served with a cheese sauce 奶酪菜花. cauliflower ear ( Brit) ear that has become swollen after repeated blows, eg in boxing 菜花耳（被反 覆殴打而肿胀的耳朵, 如在拳击赛中的）. caulk (also esp US calk) / kR:k; kRk/ v [Tn] (a) make (esp a boat) watertight by filling the seams or joints with waterproof material （用防水材料填充缝隙或连接处）使（尤指船）不漏水. (b) fill up (esp cracks in wood) with a sticky substance 用黏性物质填塞（尤指木缝）; 泥（缝）. causal / kR:zl; `kRzl/ adj 1 of or forming a cause; relating to cause and effect 原因的; 构成原因的; 因果关系的. 2 (grammar) expressing or indicating a cause 表示原因的: `Because' is a causal conjunction. because 一词是表示原因的连接词. causality / kR:5zAlEtI; kR`zAlEtI/ (also causation) n [U] (a) relationship between cause and effect 因 果关系. (b) principle that nothing can happen without a cause 因果性. causation / kR:5zeIFn; kR`zeFEn/ n [U] 1 the causing or producing of an effect 起因; 原因. 2 = causality (causal). causative / 5kR:zEtIv; `kRzEtIv/ adj 1 acting as a cause 成为原因的. 2 (grammar) (of words or forms of words) expressing a cause （指词或词形）使役的: `Blacken' is a causative verb meaning `cause to become black'. blacken 是使役动词, 意思是｀使变黑＇. cause / kR:z; kRz/ n 1 [C] that which produces an effect; thing, event, person, etc that makes sth happen 原因; 导致某事物发生的事物、人等: What was the cause of the fire? 火灾是怎样引起的? * Smoking is one of the causes of heart disease. 吸烟是引起心脏病的一种病因. * Police are investigating the causes of the explosion. 警方正在调查爆炸的原因. 2 [U] ~ (for sth) reason 理由; 缘故: There is no cause for anxiety. 不必忧虑. * You have no cause for complaint/no cause to complain. 你没有理由抱怨. * She is never absent from work without good cause. 她决不无故缺勤. =>Usage at reason1 用法见reason1. 3 [C] aim, principle or movement that is strongly defended or supported 极力维护或支持的目标、原则或运动; 事业: a good cause, ie one that deserves to be supported, eg a charity 高尚的目标（应为之尽力的目标, 如慈善事业） * He fought for the republican cause in the civil war. 他在内战中为共和事业而战. * Her life was devoted to the cause of justice. 她为正义事业而献身. 4 [C] (law 律) question to be resolved in a court of law 诉讼的 问题或事由: pleading one's cause 辩护; 分辩. 5 (idm 习语) a lost cause => lose2. make common cause with sb => common1. the root cause => root1. cause v. [Tn, Tnt, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (for sb) be the cause of (sth); make happen 造成（某事物）; 使 发生: Smoking can cause lung cancer. 吸烟可致肺癌. * What caused the explosion? 爆炸是怎样引 起的? * The cold weather caused the plants to die. 天气寒冷冻死了植物. * He caused his parents much unhappiness. 他弄得父母很不愉快. * She's always causing trouble for people. 她总是给人添 麻烦. cause NOTE ON USAGE 用法: The verbs cause, bring about and make indicate how a certain result, situation or event happens *cause 、bring about 、make 均表示某结果、某情况或某事情是怎样造 成或发生的. These verbs are used in a variety of patterns. 这几个动词可用于多种句型. Bring about and cause can be used with a direct object indicating the result *bring about 和cause . Bring about is more formal and refers to a less direct cause *bring about 较文, 所表示的因果关系不那麽直接: Smoking can cause lung cancer. 吸烟可致肺癌. * The war brought about a reduction in the birth-rate. 战争导致出生率下降. Cause can connect the result with the person, etc affected *cause 可 指所产生的结果与所涉及的人等有关: My car has caused me a lot of trouble. 我的汽车给我带来 很多麻烦. * His parents were caused a lot of worry by his laziness. 他很懒惰, 使父母大伤脑筋. Cause and make can be used with ( to +) an infinitive, but not in the passive *cause 和make 可与（to +）不定式连用, 但不可用于被动语态: The pepper in the food caused me to/made me sneeze. 这食 物中的胡椒味儿呛得我直打喷嚏. When make means `compel', it can be used in the passive (with to + infinitive) 当make 意为｀迫使＇时, 可用于被动语态（与 to+不定式连用）: They made him pay for the damage he had done/He was made to pay for the damage he had done. 那些人叫他赔偿由他 造成的损失[他被迫赔偿自己所造成的损失]. causeway / 5kR:zweI; `kRz9we/ n raised road or path, esp across low or wet ground 堤道, 砌道（尤 指通过低洼或潮湿地带的）. caustic / 5kR:stIk; `kRstIk/ adj 1 that can burn or destroy things by chemical action 腐蚀性的; 苛 性的. 2 (fig 比喻) (of comments) sarcastic; cutting （指评论）讽刺的; 挖苦的: caustic remarks 刻 薄话* a caustic wit 言词尖刻的人. caustically / -klI; -klI/ adv in a caustic(2) way 讽刺地; 挖苦地. caustic soda = sodium hydroxide (sodium). cauterize, cauterise / 5kR:tEraIz; `kRtE9raIz/ v [Tn] burn the surface of (body tissue) with a caustic substance or hot iron to destroy infection or stop bleeding （用腐蚀性物质或烙铁）烧灼（表皮组织） 以消毒或止血: cauterize a snake-bite 烧灼蛇咬伤口. caution / 5kR:Fn; `kRFEn/ n 1 [U] being careful to avoid danger or mistakes; prudence 小心; 谨慎; 慎重: Proceed with caution. 小心行事. * You should exercise extreme caution when driving in fog. 在雾中开车要极为小心. 2 [C] warning, esp one given to sb who has committed a minor crime, that further action will be taken if he commits it again 警告（尤指某人已犯轻罪, 下不为例）: let sb off with a caution 给某人一个警告而放过他. 3 [sing] (dated infml 旧, 口) amusing or surprising person 使人发笑或惊奇的人. 4 (idm 习语) throw, fling, etc caution to the winds stop being cautious in one's actions or when deciding what to do 不顾一切; 鲁莽行事. caution v. 1 (a) [Tn, Dn.t] warn (sb) to be careful 提醒或警告（某人）要小心: We were cautioned not to drive too fast. 人家提醒我们车不要开得太快. (b) [Ipr, Tn.pr] ~ (sb) against sth warn or advise (sb) against sth 警告或劝告（某人）防止某事物: I would caution against undue optimism. 我奉劝 不要过于乐观. 2 [Tn] give a caution(2) to (sb) 对（某人）给予警告: be cautioned by a judge 受到 法官的警告. cautionary / 5kR:FEnErI; ?@ 5kR:FEnerI; `kRFEn9ZrI/ adj giving advice or a warning 给予劝告或 警告的: a cautionary tale 警世的故事. cautious / 5kR:FEs; `kRFEs/ adj ~ (about/of sb/sth) showing or having caution(1); careful 小心的; 谨 慎的; 细心的: a cautious driver 谨慎的司机* cautious of strangers 提防陌生人 * cautious about spending money 用钱仔细. cautiously adv. cautiousness n. [U]. cavalcade / 9kAvl5keId; 9kAvl`ked/ n procession of people on horseback, in cars, etc 骑马、乘车等 的行列. cavalier / 9kAvE5lIE(r); 9kAvE`lIr/ n 1 Cavalier supporter of Charles I in the English Civil War （英 国内战中）拥护查理一世的人, 保皇党党员. Cf 参看 Roundhead (round2). 2 (joc 谑) man escorting a woman （陪伴女子的）护花使者. cavalier adj. [esp attrib 尤作定语] offhand; discourteous 随便的; 不礼貌的: display a cavalier attitude towards the feelings of others 对别人的感情满不在乎* treat sb in a cavalier manner 慢待 某人. cavalry / 5kAvlrI; `kAvlrI/ n [CGp] soldiers fighting on horseback (esp formerly) or in armoured vehicles 骑兵（尤指旧时的）; 装甲兵: [attrib 作定语] a cavalry officer/regiment 装甲兵军官[团]. Cf 参看 infantry. cave / keIv; kev/ n hollow place in the side of a cliff or hill, or underground 洞穴. cave v. 1 [I] (usu 通常作go caving) explore caves as a sport 洞穴探险运动: He likes caving. 他 喜欢洞穴探险运动. 2 (phr v) cave in fall inwards; collapse 塌陷; 坍方; 坍塌: The roof of the tunnel caved in (on the workmen). 隧道顶坍塌（压住工人）. * (fig 比喻) All opposition to the scheme has caved in. 所有反对这一计划的意见都否定了. cave-dweller n. = caveman. cave-in n. sudden collapse of a roof, etc （屋顶等）突然坍塌. caveman / 5keIvmn; `kev9mAn/ n (pl -men/ 5keIvmen; `kev9mZn/) 1 person living in caves, esp in prehistoric times 穴居人（尤指史前时代的）. 2 (infml 口) man of crude or violent feelings and behaviour 野蛮人; 粗野的人. caveat / 5kAvIAt, also 5keIvIAt; `kAvI9At, `kevI9At/ n 1 (fml 文) warning; proviso 警告; 限制性 条款: I recommend the deal, but with certain caveats. 我介绍这笔交易, 但有几项要提请注意. 2 (law 律) procedure for requesting a court to suspend proceedings until the opposition has been heard 中止诉讼的申请. cavern / 5kAvEn; `kAvLn/ n cave, esp a large or dark one 洞穴（尤指大而黑的）. cavernous adj. like a cavern; large and deep 像大洞穴的; 大而深的: cavernous depths 像大洞穴 般的深度* cavernous eyes 深陷的眼睛. caviare (also caviar) / 5kAvIB:(r); 9kAvI`Br/ n [U] 1 pickled roe of sturgeon or other large fish, eaten as a delicacy 鱼子酱. 2 (idm 习语) be ,caviare to the `general (dated or joc 旧或谑) be too refined or delicate to be appreciated by ordinary people 过于高雅而不为一般人所欣赏; 阳春白雪. cavil / 5kAvl; `kAvl/ v (-ll-; US -l-) [I, Ipr] ~ (at sth) (fml 文) make unnecessary complaints (about sth) （对某事物）无端指摘, 挑剔, 吹毛求疵: He cavilled at being asked to cook his own breakfast. 他 嗔怪让他自己做早饭. cavity / 5kAvEtI; `kAvEtI/ n empty space within sth solid, eg a hole in a tooth 腔, 洞（如牙齿中的 洞）. cavity wall wall consisting of two separate walls with a space between, designed to give extra insulation 夹壁墙 （两道墙中间有空隙, 用以增强绝缘性）. cavort / kE5vR:t; kE`vRrt/ v [I, Ip] ~ (about/around) jump about excitedly 欢跃; 跳跃: Stop cavorting around and sit still, just for five minutes! 别欢蹦乱跳的, 坐好了, 就五分钟! caw / kR:; kR/ n harsh cry of a crow, rook or raven 乌鸦的叫声. caw v. [I] make this cry （乌鸦）叫; 发出乌鸦的叫声; 呱呱地叫. cayenne / keI5en; ke`Zn/ n [U] (also ,cayenne `pepper) type of hot red powdered pepper(1), used for seasoning foods 辣椒粉. cayman (also caiman) / 5keImEn; `kemEn/ n type of S American reptile like an alligator （南美的） 大鳄鱼. CB / 9si: 5bi:; 9si `bi/ abbr 缩写= 1 citizens' band: broadcast a message on CB radio 在无线电民 用频带中广播消息. 2 (Brit) Companion (of the Order) of the Bath 最低级巴思爵士. CBC / 9si: bi: 5si:; 9si bi `si/ abbr 缩写= Canadian Broadcasting Corporation 加拿大广播公司: a CBC news programme 加拿大广播公司新闻节目* listen to (the) CBC 收听加拿大广播公司的广 播. CBE / 9si: bi: 5i:; 9si bi `i/ abbr 缩写= (Brit) Commander (of the Order) of the British Empire 英帝 国二等勋位爵士; 英帝国司令勋章: be (made) a CBE （成）为英帝国二等勋位爵士 * John Adams CBE 英帝国二等勋位爵士约翰·亚当斯. Cf 参看DBE, KBE, MBE. CBI / 9si: bi: 5aI:; 9si bi `aI/ abbr 缩写= Confederation of British Industry 英国工业联合会. CBS / 9si: bi: 5es; 9si bi `Zs/ abbr 缩写= (US) Columbia Broadcasting System 哥伦比亚广播公司: a CBS news broadcast 哥伦比亚广播公司的新闻广播* listen to CBS 收听哥伦比亚广播公司的 广播. cc / 9si: 5si:; 9si `si/ abbr 缩写 = 1 (commerce 商) carbon copy (to) 副本（交）: to Luke Petersen, cc Janet Gold, Marion Ryde 交卢克·彼得森, 副本交珍妮特·戈尔德、马里恩·赖德. 2 cubic centimetre(s) 立方厘米: an 850cc engine 850 立方厘米的发动机. Cdr (also Cmdr) abbr. 缩写= Commander: Cdr (John) Stone （约翰）斯通指挥官. W/Cdr abbr. 缩写 = Wing Commander 空军中校: W/Cdr (Bob) Hunt （鲍勃·）亨特空军中校. Cdre (also Cmdre) abbr. 缩写= Commodore: Cdre (James) Wingfield （詹姆斯）温菲尔德海军 准将. CDT / 9si: di: 5ti:; 9si di `ti/ abbr 缩写= (US) Central Daylight Time 中部夏令时间. CE abbr. 缩写= Church of England 英国国教: a CE junior school 英国国教初级学校. Cf 参看 C of E. cease / si:s; sis/ v (fml 文) 1 [I, It, Tn, Tg] come or bring (sth) to an end; stop 停止; 中止: Hostilities (ie Fighting) between the two sides ceased at midnight. 双方在午夜停止敌对行动（战斗）. * The officer ordered his men to cease fire, ie stop shooting. 长官命令士兵停火（停止射击）. * That department has ceased to exist. 那部门已不复存在. * The factory has ceased making bicycles. 那工 厂已停止生产自行车了. 2 (idm 习语) wonders will never cease => wonder n. cease n. (idm 习语) without `cease (fml 文) without stopping; continuously 不停地; 不断地. ceaseless adj. not stopping; without end; continuous 不停的; 不绝的; 不断的: His ceaseless chatter began to annoy me. 他不停的唠叨使我厌烦起来. ceaselessly adv. cease-fire n. 1 signal to stop firing guns in war 战争中的停火信号: order a cease-fire 命令停火. 2 temporary period of truce 休战: negotiate a cease-fire 谈判休战. cedar / 5si:dE(r); `sidL/ n (a) [C] tall evergreen coniferous tree 雪松. (b) (also cedarwood/ 5si:dEwUd; sidL9wUd/) [U] its hard red sweet-smelling wood, used for making boxes, furniture, pencils, etc 雪松 木材（用以制造箱子、家具、铅笔等）: [attrib 作定语] a ,cedar `chest 雪松木的箱子. cede / si:d; sid/ v [Tn, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) give up one's rights to or possession of sth 割让, 让予, 放 弃（某事物的权利或所有权）: cede territory to a neighbouring state 把领土割让给邻国. cedilla / sI5dIlE; sI`dIlE/ n mark put under the c () in certain languages (eg French and Portuguese) to show that it is pronounced/ s; s/, as in facade 下加符, 尾形符（某些语言中, 如法语和葡萄牙语, 字 母c 下面的一撇｀c