TransGood-Translation memory software Trados, SDL, ForeignDesk, Wordfast, WordFisher, Déjà Vu (DVX), 译佳计算机辅助翻译软件, 雅信CAT TransGood, TransMemory, Translation Software Tools, Computer-assisted translation, computer-aided translation, CAT, machine-aided translation, Translation memory software, Terminology management software, Alignment software, Software localization tools, ?bersetzung Software, Logiciels de traduction, Software di traduzione, Traducción de Software, Mémoire de traduction, Tradu??o memória, Memoria de traducción, Memoria di traduzione, Перевод Software, ForeignDesk, Okapi Framework, OmegaT, Transolution, AidTransStudio, Cafetran, Déjà Vu (DVX), Heartsome Translation Suite, MemoQ, MetaTexis, Rainbow, SDLX, SDL, STAR Transit, Trados, SDL Trados, Wordfast, WordFisher, Similis, Open Language Tools, 翻訳ソフトウェア, 翻訳メモリ, 翻译软件 辅助翻译软件 计算机辅助翻译软件 人工智能翻译 翻译工具 专业翻译软件 翻译记忆软件 塔多思 Trados SDL WordFast 雅信CAT 翻译公司 牛津词典 Oxford Dictionary Conseil Europeen pour la Recherche Nucleaire) 欧洲原子核研究组织（源自法文Conseil Europeen pour la Recherche Nucleaire）. certitude / 5s\:tItju:d; ?@ -tu:d; `s[tE9tud/ n [U] (fml 文) feeling of certainty; lack of doubt 确信; 确 定无疑. cert / s\:t; s[t/ n (Brit infml 口) thing that is sure to happen, be successful, etc; certainty 必然发生的 事情; 确实的事情: Black Widow is a (dead) cert for (ie is sure to win) the next race. ｀黑寡妇＇马下 一场比赛赢定了. cert abbr. 缩写 = certified. Cert Ed / 9s\:t 5ed; 9s[t `Zd/ abbr 缩写= Certificate in Education 教育学证书: have/be a Cert Ed 有教育学证书* Jim Smith BA Cert Ed 吉姆·史密斯文学士, 持有教育学证书. certain / 5s\:tn; `s[tn/ adj 1 [pred 作表语] ~ (that...); ~ (to do sth) sure beyond doubt; that can be relied on 无疑; 确定: It is certain that he will agree/He is certain to agree. 肯定他会同意[他一定同 意]. * One thing is certain: I'm not coming here again. 有一件事可以肯定, 我再也不来了. 2 [pred 作表语] ~ (that...); ~ (of/about sth) positive in one's mind; completely sure 确信; 肯定: I'm certain (that) she saw me. 我肯定她看见我了. * She saw me: I'm certain of that. 她看见我了, 这一点我可 以肯定. * I'm not certain (of) what she wants. 我不清楚她想要什麽. 3 [attrib 作定语] sure to come, happen or be effective; assured 一定会来到、发生或生效的; 有把握的: There is no certain cure for this disease. 这种病没有特效药. * They face certain death unless they can be rescued today. 他们除非今天获救, 否则必死无疑. 4 [attrib 作定语] specific but not named or stated 某（不指明 的或不说出的）: For certain reasons I will be unable to attend the meeting. 因为某种原因, 我不能 出席这次会议. * The terrorists will only release their hostages on certain conditions. 恐怖分子只有 在某些条件下才释放人质. 5 [attrib 作定语] named but not known 说出姓名但不认识的: A certain Mr Brown telephoned while you were out. 你出去的时候, 有个叫布朗的先生来过电话. [attrib 作定语] slight; some 稍微的; 一些的; 一点儿的: There was a certain coldness in her attitude towards me. 她对我的态度有点儿冷淡. * I felt a certain reluctance to tell her the news. 我 不太愿意告诉她这个消息. 7 (idm 习语) for `certain without doubt 无疑地; 确定地: I couldn't say for certain when he'll arrive. 我说不准他什麽时候到. * I don't yet know for certain. 我知道得 不确切. make certain (that...) inquire in order to be sure about sth 弄清楚; 弄明白; 弄确实: I think there's a train at 8.20 but you ought to make certain. 我想8 点20 分有一班火车, 不过你应该打听清 楚. make certain of sth/of doing sth do sth in order to be sure of (doing) sth else 采取行动以便确有 把握做其他事: You'd better leave now if you want to make certain of getting there on time. 你要想 准时到达那里就最好马上走. certain pron ~ of... some particular members of (a group of people or things) （人或物中的）某些: Certain of those present had had too much to drink. 有些出席的人喝得太多了. certainly adv 1 without doubt; definitely 无疑地; 确定地: He will certainly die if you don't call a doctor. 你 不请大夫来, 他就得死了. Cf 参看 surely. 2 (used in answer to questions 用于回答问题) of course 当然: `May I borrow your pen for a moment?' `Certainly.' ｀我可以借用一下你的钢笔 吗?＇ ｀当然可以.＇ * `Do you consider yourself a rude person?' `Certainly not!' ｀你认为你是个 粗鲁的人吗?＇｀当然不是!＇ certainty / 5s\:tntI; `s[tntI/ n 1 [C] thing that is certain 确定的事情: England will lose the match that's a certainty! 这场比赛英格兰要输--这是肯定的! * That horse is a certainty, ie is certain to win. 那匹马赢定了（准赢）. 2 [U] state of being certain 确知; 确信; 确实; 必然: I can't say with any certainty where I shall be next week. 我说不准我下星期在什麽地方. * We can have no certainty of success. 我们没有成功的把握. certain NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Sure and certain are often used in the same way *sure 和certain 的 用法常常是相同的: They're sure/certain to be late. 他们一定迟到. * I'm sure/certain (that) they'll be late. 我肯定他们得迟到. * One thing was sure/certain: they'd be late. 有一件事是确定无疑的, 他们得迟到. * They made sure/certain (that) they weren't late. 他们有把握不迟到. With `it' as an indefinite subject or object only certain can be used *it 作不定主语或不定宾语时, 只可用certain 与 之连用: It was certain/ I thought it certain that they would be late. 肯定[我肯定]他们要迟到. Sure can sound weaker than certain, especially in conversation *sure 的语气听起来比certain 弱些, 特别 是在对话中: I'm sure he'll manage it, ie I think/hope he will. 我确信他能办到（即我认为[希望]他能 办到）. certifiable / 9s\:tI5faIbl; `s[tE9faIEbl/ adj that can or should be certified, esp as insane 可证明的, 应 证明的（尤指证明为精神病患者）: He's certifiable, ie mad. 可证明他是精神病患者. certificate / sE5tIfIkEt; sL`tIfEkEt/ n official written or printed statement that may be used as proof or evidence of certain facts 证（明）书: a `birth/ `marriage/ `death certificate 出生[结婚/死亡]证书 * an examination certificate, ie proving that sb has passed an examination 及格证明书. certificated / -keItId; -9ketId/ adj having been awarded a certificate; qualified 授予证明书的; 合格 的. certification / 9s\:tIfI5keIFn; 9s[tEfE`keFEn/ n [U] action of certifying or state of being certified 证 明. Certificate of Secondary Education ( in Britain) former examination in a range of subjects taken by pupils aged 15 and over 中等教育证书（英国年满15 岁的学生参加的各科考试）. Cf 参看 General Certificate of Education (general), General Certificate of Secondary Education (general). certify / 5s\:tIfaI; `s[tE9faI/ v (pt, pp -fied) 1 [Tn, Tf, Cn.a, Cn.n/a, Cn.t] ~ sb/sth as sth formally declare (sth), esp in writing or on a printed document （尤指书面）证明（某事物）: a document certifying sb's birth 证明某人出生的文件* He certified (that) it was his wife's handwriting. 他证明 那是他妻子的手迹. * The accused has been certified (as) insane/certified to be insane. 被告有书面 证明为精神失常. 2 [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] officially declare (sb) to be insane 正式证 明（某人）精神失常: He was certified and sent to a mental hospital. 他经诊断为精神失常而送往精 神病院. certified cheque ( US) cheque that is guaranteed by the bank 保付支票（由银行担保的支票）. certitude / 5s\:tItju:d; ?@ -tu:d; `s[tE9tud/ n [U] (fml 文) feeling of certainty; lack of doubt 确信; 确 定无疑. cervix / 5s\:vIks; `s[vIks/ n (pl cervices/ 5s\:vIsi:z;`s[vE9siz/ or ~es/ -vIksIz; -vIksIz/) (anatomy 解) narrow part of the womb where it joins the vagina 子宫颈. =>illus at female 见female 之插图. cervical / sE:5vaIkl; ?@ 5s\:vIkl; `s[vIkl/ adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] of or relating to the cervix 子宫 颈的; 与子宫颈有关的: cervical cancer 子宫颈癌* a cervical smear, ie one taken from the cervix to test for cancer 子宫颈涂片（取自子宫颈的涂片, 用以检验子宫颈癌）. Cesarian (also Cesarean) = caesarean. cessation / se5seIFn; sZ`seFEn/ n [U, C] (fml 文) action or act of ceasing; pause 停止; 中止; 中断: The bombardment continued without cessation. 轰炸持续不断地进行著. * a temporary cessation of hostilities 暂时停战. cession / 5seFn; `sZFEn/ n (fml 文) (a) [U] action of ceding sth, esp land or rights 让与或割让某事 物（尤指土地或权利）. (b) [C] thing that is ceded, esp land 被割让的事物（尤指土地）. cesspit / 5sespIt; `sZs9pIt/ (also cesspool/ 5sespu:l;`sZs9pul/) n 1 covered pit where liquid waste or sewage is stored temporarily （有盖的）污水坑, 粪坑. 2 (fig 比喻) dirty or corrupt place 污秽的 场所: a cesspool of vice 罪恶的渊薮. CET / 9si: i: 5ti:; 9si i `ti/ abbr 缩写= Central European Time 欧洲中部时间. et cetera / It 5setErE, et-; It `sZtErE, Zt-/ (usu abbr 通常缩写作etc) and other similar things; and the rest; and so on 以及诸如此类的事物; 及其他等等; 等等. cf / 9si: 5ef; 9si `Zf/ abbr 缩写= compare (Latin confer) 参看; 试比较（源自拉丁文confer）. Cf 参 看 cp. CFE / 9si: ef 5i:; 9si Zf `i/ abbr 缩写= (Brit) College of Further Education 进修学院. ch (also chap) abbr. 缩写= chapter(1): the Gospel of St John ch 9 v 4 《圣约翰福音》第9 章第 4 节. cha-cha / 5tFB: tFB:; `tFBtFB/ (also ,cha-cha-`cha) n (~s) ballroom dance performed with small steps and swaying hip movements 恰恰舞（一种小步摆臀的交际舞）: dance/do the cha-cha 跳恰恰舞. Chablis / 5FAbli:; FA`bli/ n [U] dry white wine from E France 沙布利白葡萄酒（产自法国东部的无 甜味白葡萄酒）. chafe / tFeIf; tFef/ v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (at/under sth) become irritated or impatient (because of sth) （因某 事物）恼怒或不耐烦: The passengers sat chafing at the long delay. 乘客们因长时间的耽搁而坐得 很不耐烦. * chafe under an illness 因病而烦躁. 2 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become sore by rubbing （使某物）因摩擦而疼痛: Her skin chafes easily. 她的皮肤一擦就疼. * His shirt collar chafed his neck. 他的衬衫领口把脖子摩疼了. * chafed hands 摩疼的手. 3 [Tn] warm (sth) by rubbing, esp with the hands 摩擦（某物）而生热（尤指手）: chafe a baby's feet 擦热婴儿的脚. chafe n. sore place on the skin caused by rubbing （皮肤受摩擦的）疼处. chaff / tFB:f; ?@ tFAf; tFAf/ n [U] 1 outer covering of corn, etc, separated from the grain by threshing or winnowing 谷物的皮谷. Cf 参看husk. 2 hay or straw cut up as food for cattle （切碎 作饲料用的）乾草, 草料. 3 (idm 习语) separate the wheat from the chaff => separate2. chaff / tFB:f; ?@ tFAf; tFAf/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (about sth) (dated or fml 旧或文) tease sb in a good-natured way （善意地）戏弄某人, 开某人的玩笑: They chaffed him about his love-life. 他们 拿他的爱情生活开玩笑. chaff n. [U] good-natured teasing or joking （善意的）戏弄或玩笑. chaffinch / 5tFAfIntF; `tFAfIntF/ n common type of European finch 苍头燕雀. =>illus at App 1 见附 录1 之插图, page iv. chafing-dish / 5tFeIfIN dIF; `tFefIN dIF/ n (dated 旧) pan with a heater underneath it for cooking food or keeping it warm at table （在餐桌上烹饪或使食物保温的）火锅. chagrin / 5FAgrIn; ?@ FE5gri:n; FE`-rIn/ n [U] feeling of disappointment or annoyance (at having failed, made a mistake, etc) （因失败、犯错等）失望, 灰心, 懊恼: Much to his chagrin, he came last in the race. 他因跑个倒数第一而垂头丧气. chagrin v. [Tn usu passive 通常用于被动语态] affect (sb) with chagrin 使（某人）懊恼, 悔恨: be/feel chagrined at/by sth 对[因]某事物而[感到]懊恼. chain / tFeIn; tFen/ n 1 (a) [C, U] (length of) connected metal links or rings, used for hauling or supporting weights or for fastening or restraining things 链子; 链条: keep a dog on a chain 用链子 把狗拴住* pull the chain, ie to flush the toilet 拉链子（冲抽水马桶）* Remember to put the chain on the door when you lock it. 锁门时别忘挂防盗链. * a length of chain 一截链条. (b) [C] length or loop of chain used for a specific purpose （有某种用途的）一截或一圈链条: a bicycle chain, ie for transmitting power from the pedals to the wheels 自行车链条* The mayor wore her chain of office round her neck. 市长戴带著象徵她官职的项链儿. * She wore a locket hanging on a silver chain. 她 戴著银项链儿, 坠著个挂盒. =>illus at App 1 见附录1 之插图, page xiii. =>illus 见插图. 2 [C usu pl 通常作复数] (fig 比喻) thing that confines or restrains 束缚或限制的事物: the chains of poverty 贫困的桎梏. 3 [C] series of connected things 一系列的事物: a chain of mountains/a mountain chain 连绵的山[山脉] * a chain of circumstances, events, ideas 一系列的情况、事件、 意见. 4 [C] group of shops or hotels owned by the same company 同一公司所属的商店或旅店; 联号: a chain of supermarkets/a supermarket chain 超级市场联号. 5 [C] (formerly) unit of length (66 feet) for measuring land （旧时）测链（测量土地的长度单位, 等于66 英尺）. =>App 5 见附 录5. 6 (idm 习语) in chains (a) (of a prisoner) bound with chains （指囚犯）用链锁住的. (b) not free; kept as a prisoner 不自由; 被囚禁. chain v. [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sb/sth (to sb/sth); ~ sb/sth (up) fasten or confine sb/sth with or as if with a chain 用链子或像用链子一样拴住或束缚住某人[某事物]: prisoners chained to a wall, each other 用链子锁在墙上、互相锁住的囚犯* chain (up) a dog for the night 晚上用链子把狗拴起来 * (fig 比喻) Too many women feel chained to the kitchen sink, ie feel that they spend all their time doing housework. 很多妇女觉得自己被拴了在厨房的洗涤槽上. chain-gang n. (US) group of prisoners chained together or forced to work in chains 用链子拴在一 起的囚犯. chain-letter n. letter sent to several people each of whom is asked to make copies of it and send them to other people who will do the same 连锁信（寄给数人的信, 要求每个收信人复制数份再分寄给 他人, 如此延续下去）. chain-mail n. [U] armour made of metal rings linked together 锁子甲. chain reaction ( a) chemical change forming products which themselves cause more changes so that new compounds are produced 连锁反应. (b) series of events each of which causes the next 连锁式反 应的一系列事件: The Government fear the strike may produce a chain reaction in other industries. 政府害怕罢工可能在其他行业产生连锁反应. chain-saw n. saw with teeth set on an endless chain and driven by a motor 链锯. chain-smoke v. [I, Tn] smoke (cigarettes or cigars) continuously, esp by lighting each from the one just smoked 一枝接一枝不断地吸（香烟或雪茄）. chain-smoker n. chain-stitch n. (a) [U] (in crochet or embroidery) type of sewing in which each stitch makes a loop through which the next stitch is taken （钩针或刺绣织品的）链状工艺. (b) [C] stitch made in this way 链状针脚. chain-store n. any of a series of similar shops owned by the same company 联号（同一公司所属的 一系列类似商店之一）. bath chair / 9bB:W 5tFeE(r); `bAW9tFZr/ type of wheelchair for an invalid 伤残人使用的一种轮椅. chair / tFeE(r); tFZr/ n 1 [C] moveable seat with a back and sometimes with arms, for one person to sit on 椅子: a table and chairs 桌子和椅子* Have/Take a chair, ie Sit down. 入座[就座]（坐下）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1 之插图, page xvi. 2 the chair [sing] (position of the) person in charge of a meeting 主持会议的主席（的席位或职位）: She takes the chair in all our meetings. 她担任我们一 切会议的主席. * Who is in the chair today? 今天谁当主席? * All remarks should be addressed to the chair. 所有意见均应向主席提出. 3 [C] position of a university professor; professorship 大学教授 的职位: He holds the chair of philosophy at Oxford. 他任牛津大学哲学教授. 4 the chair [sing] (US infml 口) = the electric chair (electric). chair v. 1 [Tn] act as chairman of (sth) 担任（某事务）的主席: chair a meeting 主持会议. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] (Brit) carry (sb who has won sth) in a sitting position on the shoulders of a group 扛著（得胜 者）（坐在人们的肩上）: The winning team chaired their captain off the field. 获胜的队扛著队长走 出场地. chair-lift n. series of chairs suspended from an endless cable for carrying people up and down a mountain, etc 架空吊椅（运送人上山下山等用的一系列循环吊椅）. chairman / -mEn; -mEn/ (pl -men, fem 阴性作`chairwoman) 1 person in charge of a meeting （主 持会议的）主席: `Madam Chairman, ladies and gentlemen,' began the speaker. 发言人开始讲话: ｀ 主席、女士们、先生们＇. 2 permanent president of a committee, board of directors of a company, etc （委员会、公司董事会等的）委员长, 董事长, 主席: chairman of the board of governors (of a school) （学校的）理事会会长* the chairman's report, ie the annual report of a company, presented at its annual general meeting （公司在年会上作出的）年度报告. chairperson n. chairman or chairwoman （男或女）主席. chair NOTE ON USAGE 用法: The affix -man is used in a lot of words (eg chairman) to indicate positions and occupations which today are filled by both women and men. *-man 这一词缀用于很多 词中（如chairman 主席）, 所指的职位和职务今日男女均可充任. To avoid sexual bias and unnecessary repetition (chairman or chairwoman) -person can be used 为免除性别偏颇和不必要的 重复（chairman or chairwoman）, 可用-person 这一词缀: chairperson, spokesperson, business person, etc 主席、发言人、商人等. Chair is increasingly used to mean chairman or chairwoman *chair 一 词逐渐多用作主席, 男女均可: She was the chair of the planning committee. 她曾任计划委员会主 席. chaise longue / 9FeIz 5lCN; ?@ 5lR:N; `Fez `lRN/ (pl chaises longues/ 9FeIz 5lCN; ?@ 5lR:N; `Fez `lRN/) (French 法) low chair with a long seat on which the person sitting can stretch out his legs 躺 椅. chalet / 5FAleI; FA`le/ n 1 (esp in Switzerland) type of mountain hut or cottage built of wood and with an overhanging roof （尤指瑞士山区的）小木屋. =>illus 见插图. 2 house built in a similar style （类似这种形式的）房屋. 3 small hut in a holiday camp, etc （度假等用的）小屋. chalice / 5tFAlIs; `tFAlIs/ n large cup for holding wine, esp one from which consecrated wine is drunk at the Eucharist 大酒杯; （尤指）圣餐杯. =>illus at App 1 见附录1 之插图, page viii. chalk / tFR:k; tFRk/ n 1 [U] type of soft white rock used for burning to make lime 白垩: [attrib 作 定语] the chalk downs of southern England 英格兰南部的白垩质高地. 2 (a) [U] this or a similar substance made into white or coloured sticks for writing or drawing on blackboards 制造白色或彩色 粉笔的白垩或类似的物质: a stick of chalk 一枝粉笔 * a picture drawn in chalk 粉笔画 * a teacher with chalk on his jacket 外衣上有粉笔末的教师 * [attrib 作定语] chalk dust 粉笔末. (b) [C] one of these sticks 粉笔: (a box of) coloured chalks （一盒）彩色粉笔. 3 (idm 习语) different as chalk and/from cheese => different. not by a long chalk/shot => long1. chalk v. 1 [I, Tn] write, draw or mark (sth) with chalk 用粉笔写、画、涂（某物）. 2 (phr v) chalk sth out draw (the outline of sth) with chalk 用粉笔画（某物的轮廓）: The boys chalked out goalposts on the playground wall. 男孩子们在运动场的墙上用粉笔画上了球门柱. chalk sth up (infml 口) (a) write sth with chalk, esp on a blackboard （尤指在黑板上）用粉笔写: chalk up one's score, eg when playing darts 用粉笔写出自己得的分数（如玩投镖游戏时）. (b) achieve or register (a success) 获得或取得（成功）: The team has chalked up its fifth win in a row. 这队一连五次取得 胜利. chalk sth up (to sb/sth) give credit (to sb or sb's account) for sth, esp drinks, etc bought in a pub （尤指在小酒店买饮品等）记（某人的帐）: Chalk this round up to me, please, barman. 服务员, 请 把这些人的费用记在我的帐上. chalky adj. (-ier, -iest) of or like chalk 白垩的; 似白垩的. chalkiness n. [U]. chalkboard n. = blackboard (black1). challenge / 5tFAlIndV; `tFAlIndV/ n 1 ~ (to sb) (to do sth) invitation or call (to sb) to take part in a game, contest, fight etc to prove who is better, stronger, more able, etc 约请或要（某人）参加比赛、 竞赛、战斗等以证明谁更好、更强、更能干等; 邀请比赛; 挑战: issue/accept a challenge 发出 [接受]挑战. 2 order given by a sentry to stop and say who one is 哨兵发出的止步命令, 并问来者 是谁: The sentry gave the challenge, `Who goes there?' 哨兵查问: 谁在那儿? 3 ~ (to sth) statement or action which questions or disputes (sth) 对（某事物）表示怀疑或争论的言论或行为异 议; 质问; 怀疑: a serious challenge to the Prime Minister's authority 对首相的权威性郑重提出的 异议. 4 difficult, demanding or stimulating task 艰巨的、高难度的或有激励性的任务: She likes her job to be a challenge. 她喜欢艰巨的工作. * Reducing the gap between rich and poor is one of the main challenges facing the government. 缩小贫富之间的差距是政府面临的主要难题之一. 5 formal objection, eg to a member of a jury 正式的反对（如反对陪审团的一个成员）. challenge / 5tFAlIndV; `tFAlIndV/ v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.t] ~ sb (to sth) invite sb to do sth (esp to take part in a contest or to prove or justify sth) 要求某人做某事（尤指参加竞赛或证明某事正当）: challenge sb to a duel, a game of tennis 要求某人参加决斗、网球赛 * She challenged the newspaper to prove its story. 她要求这家报纸证实报道的真实性. 2 [Tn] order (sb) to stop and say who he is 命令（某人）停步并说出是谁; 问口令: The sentry challenged the stranger at the gates. 哨 兵查问在门口的陌生人. 3 [Tn] question the truth, rightness or validity of (sth); dispute 怀疑（某 事）的真实性、正确性或有效性; 提出异议: challenge sb's authority/right to do sth 怀疑某人是否 有权力[权利]做某事* challenge a claim, an assertion, a verdict 对某要求、主张、判决质疑 * This new discovery challenges traditional beliefs. 这项新的发现对传统观念提出了异议. 4 [Tn] test the ability of (sb); stimulate 考验（某人）的能力; 激励; 鞭策: The job doesn't really challenge him. 这项工作不能真正考验他. 5 [Tn] make a formal objection to (esp a member of a jury) 宣布 反对（尤指陪审团某成员）. challenger n. person who challenges, esp in sport 提出竞争要求的人（尤指体育运动中）; 挑战者. challenging adj. offering problems that test sb's ability; stimulating （为考验某人的能力）提出难 题的; 激励的; 挑战的: a challenging job, test, assignment, etc 激励人的工作、考验、任务等. chamber / 5tFeImbE(r); `tFembL/ n 1 [C] (formerly) room, esp a bedroom （旧时）房间, （尤指） 寝室. 2 chambers [pl] (a) judge's room for hearing cases that do not need to be taken into court 法官 的办公室（用以审理不需要提出诉讼的案件）. (b) (Brit) set of rooms in a larger building, esp the offices in the Inns of Court used by barristers for interviewing clients, etc 大建筑物中的成套房间; （尤指法律协会的）办公室（讼务律师用以接待委托人等的）. 3 [C, CGp] (hall used by an) administrative or legislative assembly, eg one of the houses of a parliament 行政或立法机构（用的大 厅）（如议会的会议厅）: The members left the council chamber. 议员们离开了会议厅. * the Upper/Lower Chamber, eg (in Britain) the House of Lords/Commons 上[下]议院（如英国的上[下] 议院）. 4 [C] (a) enclosed space or cavity in the body of an animal, in a plant or in some kinds of machinery （动植物体内或某些机器中封闭的）洞穴, 腔, 室: the chambers of the heart, ie the auricle and the ventricle 心腔（心房与心室）* a combustion chamber 燃烧室. =>illus at piston 见 piston 之插图. (b) enclosed space under the ground 地下的封闭空间; 洞穴: The cavers discovered a vast underground chamber. 探穴人发现了一个地下大洞穴. 5 [C] part of a gun that holds the bullets 枪膛; 炮膛. chamber concert concert of chamber music 室内乐音乐会. chambermaid n. woman whose job is cleaning and tidying bedrooms, usu in a hotel 以打扫和整理 卧室为工作的妇女（通常指旅馆中的）; 女服务员; 女侍. chamber music music written for a small group of players (eg a string quartet) 为小乐队演奏谱写的乐曲（如弦乐四 重奏）; 室内乐. chamber of commerce group of businessmen organized to promote local commercial interests 商会. chamber of horrors place full of horrifying things, eg the room of criminals in Madame Tussaud's waxworks 充满恐怖事 物的地方（如图索德夫人蜡像馆中的罪犯塑像室）. chamber orchestra small orchestra, esp one that performs baroque and early classical music 室内乐队（尤指表演巴罗克 风格的作品和早期经典乐曲的小乐队）. chamber-pot n. pottery vessel for urine, used in bedrooms 尿壶; 尿盆; 尿桶. chamberlain / 5tFeImbElIn; `tFembLlIn/ n (formerly) official who managed the household of a monarch or nobleman （旧时）管理君主或贵族家务的人员; 管家. chameleon / kE5mi:lIEn; kE`milIEn/ n 1 any of various types of small lizard that can change colour according to its surroundings 避役（能变色的小蜥蜴）; 变色龙. 2 (fig 比喻) person who changes his behaviour or opinions to suit the situation 改变行为或看法以适应情况的人. chamois / 5FAmwB:; ?@ 5FAmI; `FAmI/ n (pl unchanged 复数不变) type of small antelope living in the mountains of Europe and Asia （欧洲和亚洲山区的）小羚羊. chamois-leather (also shammy-leather / 5FmIleTE(r); `FAmI `lZTL/, `shammy) n. (a) [U] soft leather made from the skin of goats, sheep, deer, etc （由山羊、绵羊、鹿等的皮制成的）软皮革. (b) [C] piece of this 软皮革: polish the car with a shammy 用软皮擦汽车. chamomile = camomile. champ / tFAmp; tFAmp/ v 1 [I, Tn] (esp of horses) chew (food) noisily （尤指马）大声嚼（食物）. 2 [Ipr, Tn] ~ (at/on) sth (of horses) bite at sth nervously or impatiently （指马）急躁地或不耐烦地咬 某物: horses champing at the bit 咬著嚼子的马. 3 [I, Ipr, It] ~ (at sth) (used esp in the continuous tenses 尤用于进行时态) be eager or impatient, esp to begin sth 急切或不耐烦（尤指开始做某事 物）: He was champing with rage at the delay. 他对这一延误著急上火. * The boys were champing to start. 男孩儿们恨不得马上就出发. 4 (idm 习语) ,champ at the `bit (infml 口) be restlessly impatient to start doing sth 迫不及待要做某事. champ / tFAmp; tFAmp/ n (infml 口) = champion 2. champagne / FAm5peIn; FAm`pen/ n 1 [C, U] (any of various types of) sparkling white wine from E France 香槟酒: a ,glass of cham`pagne 一杯香槟酒 * [attrib 作定语] ,champagne `cocktails 香槟 鸡尾酒. 2 [U] colour of this; pale straw colour 香槟酒的颜色; 淡草色; 淡黄色. champion / 5tFAmpIEn; `tFAmpIEn/ n 1 person, team, animal or plant that has defeated or excelled all others in a competition 冠军; 优胜者: a chess champion 国际象棋冠军* The English football team were world champions in 1966. 英格兰足球队是1966 年的世界冠军. * the heavyweight (boxing) champion of the world 重量级（拳击）世界冠军 * [attrib 作定语] a champion swimmer, horse, marrow 优胜的游泳运动员、马、西葫芦. 2 person who fights, argues or speaks in support of another or of a cause(3) 支持他人或某一事业而进行战斗、辩护或解释说明的人; 斗士; 拥护 者: a champion of the poor/of women's rights 穷苦人的[妇女权利的]卫士. champion v. [Tn] support the cause of (sb/sth); defend vigorously 支持（某人[某事物]）的事业; 维 护; 卫护: champion the cause of gay rights 维护同性恋权利. championship n. 1 [C often pl 常作复数] contest to decide who is the champion 锦标赛: win the world championship 赢得世界冠军* The European championships are being held in Rome. 欧洲锦 标赛正在罗马举行. * [attrib 作定语] a championship medal 冠军奖章. 2 [C] position of being a champion 冠军地位: The championship is ours. 冠军是我们的. =>Usage at sport 用法见sport. 3 [U] vigorous support 有力的支持: her championship of our cause 她对我们事业的有力支持. chance / tFB:ns; ?@ tFAns; tFAns/ n 1 [U] way in which things happen without any cause that can be seen or understood; luck; fortune 无任何可见到的或可了解的原因而发生的情况; 机会; 运气: Chance plays a big part in many board games. 在许多棋类游戏中, 大多靠碰运气取胜. * It was (pure) chance our meeting in Paris/that we met in Paris. 我们在巴黎相遇（纯）属巧合. * trust to chance 凭机会; 碰运气* leave nothing to chance, ie take great care in planning sth to reduce the chance of bad luck 不靠运气（极仔细地计划某事物以减少不利的可能性）* a game of chance, ie one decided by luck, not skill 靠碰运气的游戏 * [attrib 作定语] a chance meeting, encounter, occurrence, happening, etc 巧遇、偶然相遇、偶发事件、偶然发生的事. 2 ~ of (doing) sth/to do sth/that... [C, U] possibility; likelihood 可能性: Is there any chance of getting tickets for tonight's performance? 有可能得到今晚演出的票吗? * What are the chances of his coming? 他来的可能性 有多大? * She has a good chance/no chance/not much chance/only a slim chance of winning. 她大有 希望[没有可能/没什麽希望/只有些微的可能]获胜. * What chance of success do we have? 我们成 功的把握有多大? * There's a faint chance that you'll find him at home. 在他家里找到他的可能性很 小. 3 [C] ~ (of doing sth/to do sth) occasion when success seems very probable; opportunity 很有可 能成功的时机; 机会: It was the chance she had been waiting for. 这就是她一直等待的机会. * You won't get another chance of going there. 你没有再到那里去的机会了. * Please give me a chance to explain. 请给我个机会让我解释一下. * You'd be a fool to ignore a chance like that. 你放弃掉那样 的机会可太蠢了. * This is your big chance! ie your best opportunity of success. 这是你的大好机会! =>Usage at opportunity 用法见opportunity. 4 [C] risk; gamble 冒险; 赌博: This road may not be the one we want but that's a chance we're going to have to take. 我们要走的并不是这条路--但我 们还是要冒险试一试. 5 [C] unplanned event, esp a lucky one; accident 意外事件; （尤指）机会; 机遇: By a happy chance a policeman was passing as I was attacked. 在我受到攻击时, 幸好有个警 察经过. 6 (idm 习语) as ,chance would `have it by coincidence; as it happens 凑巧; 碰巧: As chance would have it he was going to London as well and was able to give me a lift. 赶巧他也去伦敦, 所以能载我一程. by `any chance perhaps; possibly 或许; 可能: Would you by any chance have change for 5? 你能找换5 英镑的零钱吗? by `chance by accident; accidentally; unintentionally 偶然 地; 意外地; 非有意地: I met her quite by chance. 我遇见她完全是偶然的. a cat in hell's chance => cat1. `chance would be a fine thing (infml 口) I would like to do sth but will never have an opportunity to do it 愿作某事但永远没有机会去作. the chances are (that)... (infml 口) it is likely that... 很可能...: The chances are that she'll be coming. 很可能她要来. an even chance => even1. even chances/odds/money => even1. a fighting chance => fight1. give sb/sth half a `chance give sb/sth some opportunity of being or doing sth 给某人[某事物]一些机会去成为或去做某事物: She's keen and I'm sure she'll succeed given half a chance. 她聪明机智, 只要有点儿机会我肯定她会成功. have an eye for/on/to the main chance => eye1. no chance (infml 口) there is no possibility of that 没 有可能; 没有希望. not have a chance/hope in hell => hell. on the (off) chance (of doing sth/that...) in the hope of sth happening, although it is unlikely 希望某事发生（虽然可能性不大）; 抱（一线） 希望: I didn't think you'd be at home, but I just called on the `off chance. 我想你不会在家的, 只是 抱著一线希望给你打个电话. a sporting chance => sporting. stand a chance (of sth/of doing sth) have a chance of (achieving) sth 有（完成）某事物的希望; 有达到某目的的机会: He stands a (good/fair) chance of passing the examination. 他考试及格（大[很]）有希望. take a `chance (on sth) attempt to do sth, in spite of the possibility of failure; take a risk 试图做成某事物（虽然有失败的可能性）; 冒 险; 碰运气. take `chances behave riskily 冒险: You should never take chances when driving a car. 开车时决不应冒险. take one's `chance profit as much as one can from one's opportunities 从自己的 机遇中尽量取得利益. chance / tFB:ns; ?@ tFAns; tFAns/ v 1 (fml 文) happen by chance 偶然发生; 碰巧: She chanced to be in/It chanced that she was in when he called. 他打电话时碰巧她在家. =>Usage at appear 用法 见appear. 2 [Tn, Tg] (infml 口) risk (sth) 冒（某事的）险: `Take an umbrella.' `No I'll chance it (ie risk getting wet).' ｀带著雨伞吧.＇｀不带了--豁出去了（可能被淋湿）.＇* We'll have to chance meeting an enemy patrol. 我们不得不冒著可能遇上敌人巡逻兵的危险. 3 (idm 习语) ,chance one's `arm (infml 口) take a risk, although it is likely that one will fail （尽管可能失败）仍冒险试一 试. 4 (phr v) chance on sb/sth (fml 文) happen to meet sb or find sth 偶然遇见某人; 偶然发现某 事物. chancel / 5tFB:nsl; ?@ 5tFAnsl; `tFAnsl/ n part of a church near the altar, used by the priests and the choir 圣坛（教堂中靠近祭坛部分, 供牧师和唱诗班用）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1 之插图, page viii. chancellery / 5tFB:nsElErI; ?@ 5tFAns-; `tFAnsElErI/ n 1 [C] position, department or official residence of a chancellor 大臣的职位、部门或官邸. 2 [Gp] staff in a chancellor's department 大 臣部门中的全体工作人员. 3 [C] office where business is done in an embassy or a consulate 大使 馆或领事馆的办事处. chancellor / 5tFB:nsElE(r); ?@ 5tFAns-; `tFAnsElL/ n 1 head of government in Austria etc （奥地利 等国的）总理, 首相. 2 (Brit) honorary head of some universities （某些大学的）名誉校长: chancellor of London University 伦敦大学的名誉校长. 3 State or law official of various kinds 政 府的或司法的各类官员: the Lord Chancellor, ie the highest judge (and chairman of the House of Lords) 大法官（及上议院议长）. Chancellor of the Exchequer ( Brit) cabinet minister responsible for finance 财政大臣. chancery / 5tFB:nsErI; ?@ 5tFAnsErI; `tFAnsErI/ n 1 (Brit) Lord Chancellor's division of the High Court of Justice 高等法院的大法官法院. 2 (US) court that settles cases according to general principles of justice and fairness not covered by the law; court of equity 衡平法院（以正义公平即衡 平为总原则, 审理不属普通法范围的案件的法院）. 3 office where public records are kept 档案馆; 档案室. 4 (idm 习语) ward in chancery => ward. chancy / 5tFB:nsI; `tFAnsI/ adj (-ier, -iest) risky; uncertain 冒险的; 不确定的: a chancy business 冒 险的生意. chancily adj. chandelier / 9FAndE5lIE(r); 9FAndl`Ir/ n ornamental hanging light with branches for several bulbs or candles 枝形吊灯（有分枝的装饰吊灯, 可装几盏灯或蜡烛）. chandler / 5tFB:ndlE(r); ?@ 5tFAnd-; `tFAndlL/ n (also ship's chandler) dealer in ropes, canvas and other supplies for ships 船用杂货商（经售绳索、帆布及其他船用物品的商人）. change / tFeIndV; tFendV/ v 1 [I, Tn] (cause sb/sth to) become different; alter （使某人[某事物]） 变; 改变: You've changed a lot since I last saw you. 自从我上次见到你以来, 你改变了很多. * Our plans have changed. 我们的计划已经改变了. * change one's attitude, ideas, opinion, etc 改变态度、 主意、意见等* an event which changed the course of history 改变历史进程的事件. =>Usage 见 所附用法. 2 (a) [Ipr, Tn.pr] ~ (sb/sth) (from sth) to/into sth (cause sb/sth to) pass from one form to another （使某人[某事物]）改变形式: Caterpillars change into butterflies or moths. 毛虫能变成蝴 蝶或蛾子. * The witch changed the prince into a frog. 巫婆把王子变成了青蛙. (b) [I, Ipr, Tn.pr] ~ (sb/sth) (from A) (to/into B) (cause sb/sth to) pass from one stage to another （使某人[某事物]）进入 另一阶段: The traffic lights have changed (from red to green). 交通灯由红灯变绿灯了. * Britain changed to a metric system of currency in 1970. 1970 年英国已改用公制货币. 3 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (for sb/sth) take or use another instead of sb/sth; replace sb/sth with another 替换或代替某人 [某事物]: change one's doctor 另找一位医生看病* change one's job 换一份工作 * change one's address, ie move to a new home 更改地址* change a light bulb 换个灯泡* change gear, ie engage a different gear in a car, etc in order to travel at a higher or lower speed 换挡（汽车等换另一排挡, 以 加速或减速行车）* I must change these trousers (ie put on a clean pair) they've got oil on them. 我必须换换裤子（换一条乾净的）--上面弄上油了. * I'm thinking of changing my car for a bigger one. 我正在考虑换辆大汽车. (b) [Tn] move from one (thing, direction, etc) to another; switch 转换, 转变（事物、方向等）: change sides, eg in a war, debate, etc 转变立场（如在战争、辩论中等） * The ship changed course, ie began to travel in a different direction. 轮船改变了航向. * The wind has changed direction. 风向变了. (c) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sb) (used with a pl object 与复数宾语连 用) (of two people) exchange (positions, places, etc) （指两人）交换（位置、地方等）: Can we change seats?/Can I change seats with you? 咱们可以换换座位吗? [我可以和你换个座位吗?] (d) [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (from sth to sth) go from one (train, bus, etc) to another 换乘（火车、公共汽车等）: Change (trains) at Crewe for Stockport. 在克鲁换（火）车到斯托克波特去. * This is where we change from car to bus. 这就是我们从小汽车换乘公共汽车的地方. * All change! ie This train stops here; everyone must leave it. 所有乘客全部换车! （本次列车已到终点站, 所有乘客均须下车.） (e) [Tn] put different clothes or covering on (sb/sth) 给（某人[某物]）换上衣服或覆盖物: change (ie put a clean nappy on) the baby 给婴儿换尿布* change (ie put clean sheets on) the beds 换床单. 4 [I, Ipr] ~ (out of sth) (into sth) take off one's clothes and put others on 换衣服; 更衣: go upstairs to change 到 楼上换衣服* change (ie into more formal clothes) for dinner 换上宴会服* Go and change out of those damp clothes into something dry. 去把湿衣服脱掉换上乾的. 5 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (for/into sth) give or receive (money) in exchange for the equivalent sum in coins or notes of smaller value or in a different currency 兑换（钱）: Can you change a five-pound note? 你能换开五英镑的票子吗? * I need to change my dollars into francs. 我需要把美金换成法郎. 6 (idm 习语) change `hands pass into another person's possession 归另一人所有; 转手: The house has changed hands several times recently. 这房子最近几经转手. change/swap horses in midstream => horse. change one's/sb's `mind alter one's decision or opinion 改变决定或意见: Nothing will make me change my mind. 任何事情 都不能使我改变主意. change `places (with sb) (of two people, groups, etc) exchange positions, seats, etc （指两人、组等）交换地位、座位等: Let me change places with you/Let's change places so you can be next to the window. 我和你换换地方吧[咱们换换地方吧, 这样你就能靠近窗户]. change one's spots (try to) be or do sth that is against one's nature （试图）违反本性或做违反本性的事; 改 变本性. change step adjust one's step when marching so that one is marching in the correct rhythm 行 军时调整步伐跟上节奏. ,change the `subject start talking about sth different 开始谈其他的事; 改 变话题. ,change one's `tune (infml 口) alter one's manner or attitude, eg becoming humble instead of insolent 改变举止或态度（如前倨后恭）. change one's ways start to live one's life differently, esp in order to suit changed circumstances 开始过另一种生活（尤指为适应环境的改变）. chop and change => chop3. 7 (phr v) change back (into sb/sth) return to one's earlier form, character, etc 回复到原来 的样子、特性等: Cats can never change back into kittens. 老猫绝变不成小猫. change back (into sth) take off one's clothes and put on others that one was wearing earlier 换上原来穿的衣物: Can I change back into my jeans now? 现在我能换上原来穿的牛仔裤了吗? change sth back (into sth) give back (money) and receive the equivalent sum in the original currency 将（钱）换成原来的货币: change back francs into dollars 将法郎换成原来的美元. ,change `down engage a lower gear when driving a car, etc （开汽车等时）换成低挡. ,change `over (from sth) (to sth) change from one system or position to another 改变制度或地位: The country has changed over from military to democratic rule. 这个国家已经由军事统治转变为民主领导. ,change `up engage a higher gear when driving a car, etc （开汽车等时）换成高挡. changeable / 5tFeIndVEbl; 9tFendVE`bl/ adj 1 tending to change; often changing 易变的; 常变的: a changeable person, mood 喜怒无常的人、情绪* changeable weather 多变的天气. 2 that can be changed 能被改变的. change-over n. change from one system to another 制度的改变: a peaceful change-over to civilian rule 和平地转变为文官统治. change NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Change has a general use and indicates any act of making something different *change 的词义很广, 表示使某事物改变的任何作用: Most English women change their names when they marry. 英国妇女大多因结婚而改姓. * He changed the design of the house completely. 他完全更改了房屋的设计. Alter indicates the making of a small difference in the appearance, character, use, etc of something *alter 表示使某事物在外观、性质、用途等方面稍作 改变: I'll have to alter the diagram. I've made a mistake. 我得修改图表. 我出了点儿错. Modify is more formal. *modify 一词较文. When applied to objects, especially machines, it suggests a partial change in structure or function 用于物体时, 尤指用于机器时, 表示结构或功能的部分改变: The car has been modified for racing. 这辆汽车已改装为赛车. It can also indicate the softening of attitudes, opinions, etc 这个词还可表示态度、意见等的软化: He'll have to modify his views if he wants to be elected. 他要想当选就得把观点改得缓和些. Vary describes the changing of something or its parts, often temporarily and repeatedly *vary 所指某事物或其部分的改变常为暂时的或反覆 的: It's better to vary your diet rather than eat the same things all the time. 你最好变换一下饮食, 不 要总吃同样的东西. All these verbs (except modify) can also be used intransitively 所有这些动词 （除modify 外）还均可用作不及物动词: Her expression changed when she heard the news. 她听到 这一消息时表情就变了. * This place hasn't altered since I was a girl. 从我幼时起, 这地方就没发 生过变化. * Political opinions vary according to wealth, age, etc. 政治见解因财富、年龄等不同 而有所区别. change / tFeIndV; tFendV/ n 1 [C, U] ~ (in/to sth) (act of) making or becoming different; alteration 变化（的行动）; 改变; 变更; 变动: a change in the weather 天气的变化* There has been a change in the programme. 节目有变动. * The Government plans to make important changes to the tax system. 政府计划对税收制度作重大改变. * Doctors say there is no change in the patient's condition. 医生说病人的情况没有变化. * Are you for or against change? 你赞同还是反对改动? 2 [C]~ (of sth) (a) act of changing one thing for another 从一事物改换成另一事物的行动: a change of job 换 工作* Please note my change of address. 请注意我改换了地址. * The party needs a change of leader. 这个党需要更换领袖. * This is the third change of government the country has seen in two years. 这次是国家两年来的第三次政府更替. (b) thing used in place of another or others 替代物: Don't forget to take a change of (ie a second set of) clothes. 不要忘记带著替换的衣服. 3 [C] ~ (from sth) (to sth) (a) act of going from one train or bus to another 换车; 转车: He had to make a quick change at Crewe. 他得在克鲁迅速换车. (b) changed or different routine, occupation or surroundings 改换后的或另一路线、职业或环境: a welcome change from town to country life 从 城市到乡村生活的喜人变化* She badly needs a change. 她亟须改变一下. 4 [U] (a) coins or notes of lower values equivalent to a single coin or note of a higher value 辅币: Can you give me/Have you got change for a five-pound note? 你能否给我[你有没有]五英镑的辅币? (b) coins of low value 低值硬币: I've no small change. 我没有零钱. (c) money returned when the price of sth is less than the amount given in payment 找回的钱; 找给的钱: Don't forget your change! 不要忘了找 你的钱! * 25p change 找给25 便士. 5 (idm 习语) a change for the `better/`worse improvement/worsening of sth that already exists or that has gone before 现有的或曾有过的某事物 的改善[变坏]: The situation is now so bad that any change is likely to be a change for the better. 目前 情况恶劣, 只要有变化就是向好处变. a ,change of `air/`climate different conditions or surroundings 换换条件或环境: A change of air (eg a holiday away from home) will do you good. 换换环境（如离 家度假）对你有好处. a ,change of `heart great change in one's attitude or feelings, esp towards greater friendliness or co-operation 态度或感情的巨大变化（尤指对增进友好或合作关系）. the ,change of `life (euph 婉) = menopause. for a `change to vary one's routine; for the sake of variety 为了改变常 规; 为了有变化: We usually go to France in the summer, but this year we're going to Spain for a change. 我们夏天通常去法国, 但今年为了换个地方我们去西班牙. get no change out of sb (infml 口) receive no help, information, etc from sb 从某人处得不到帮助、信息等. ring the changes => ring2. changeless adj. never changing 从不改变的. changeling / 5tFeIndVlIN; `tFendVlIN/ n child or thing believed to have been secretly substituted for another （据信是被偷换了的）儿童, 东西. channel / 5tFAnl; `tFAnl/ n 1 [C] (a) sunken bed of a river, stream or canal 河床. (b) passage along which a liquid may flow （液体的）通道. 2 [C] navigable part of a stretch of water, deeper than the parts on either side of it 航道: The channel is marked by buoys. 航道有浮标标明. 3 (a) [C] stretch of water joining two seas 海峡. (b) the Channel [sing] = the English Channel (English): [attrib 作定 语] The Channel crossing was very calm. 这次横渡英吉利海峡风平浪静. 4 [C] (fig 比喻) any way by which news, information, etc may travel （新闻、信息等传递的）途径, 线路: Your complaint must be made through the proper channels. 你的意见必须通过正当途径投诉. * He has secret channels of information. 他有秘密的消息来源. 5 [C] (a) band of frequencies (frequency 2) used for broadcasting a particular set of radio or television programmes 频道. (b) particular television station 某电视台: What's your favourite channel? 你喜欢哪个电视台? channel v. (-ll-; US also -l-) 1 [Tn] form a channel or channels in (sth) 在（某物）上形成槽或沟: Deep grooves channelled the soft rock. 在软岩石上形成许多深槽. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] carry (sth) in a channel; direct 经水道运送（某物）; 引导: Water is channelled through a series of irrigation canals. 把水引入一系列灌溉渠中. * (fig 比喻) We must channel all our energies into the new scheme. 我们 必须把一切精力都用到新的计划上. chant / tFB:nt; tFAnt/ n 1 simple tune to which psalms or canticles are fitted by singing several syllables or words to the same note 圣歌. 2 words sung or shouted rhythmically and repeatedly （有 节奏地、反覆地）唱的或喊叫的词语: The team's supporters sang a victory chant. 拥护这个队的 人有节奏地反覆喊著胜利的口号. chant v. [I, Tn] 1 sing or recite (a psalm, etc) as a chant （如圣歌般）歌唱或背诵（赞美诗等）: chant the liturgy 在礼拜仪式上唱圣歌. 2 sing or shout (sth) rhythmically and repeatedly （有节奏 地、反覆地）唱或喊叫（某词语）: `We are the champions!' chanted the football fans. 足球迷们有 节奏地反覆喊叫: ｀我们是冠军.＇ chanty, chantey ( US) = shanty. chanty, chantey ( US) = shanty. chaos / 5keICs; `keBs/ n [U] complete disorder or confusion 混乱; 紊乱: The burglars left the house in (a state of) chaos. 窃贼走后房屋中一片凌乱. * The wintry weather has caused chaos on the roads. 因风雪交加道路上混乱不堪. chaotic / keI5CtIk; ke`BtIk/ adj in a state of chaos; completely disorganized 处于混乱状态的; 完全 无秩序的: With no one to keep order the situation in the classroom was chaotic. 因无人维持秩序, 教室里一片混乱. chaotically / keI5CtIklI; ke`BtIklI/ adv. chap / tFAp; tFAp/ v (-pp-) (a) [I] (of the skin) become cracked, rough or sore （指皮肤）皲裂, 变粗 糙, 疼痛: My skin soon chaps in cold weather. 我的皮肤在寒冷天气很快就裂了. (b) [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] cause (sth) to become cracked, rough or sore 使（某物）皲裂、变粗糙 或疼痛: chapped lips 皲裂的嘴唇* hands and face chapped by the cold 因寒冷而皲裂的手和脸. chap n. sore crack in the skin （皮肤上疼痛的）皲裂处, 裂口. chap / tFAp; tFAp/ n (infml 口esp Brit) man or boy; fellow 男子; 小伙子; 家伙: Be a good chap and open the door for me, would you? 好兄弟, 给我开开门行吗? chap abbr. 缩写 = chapter(1). chapel / 5tFApl; `tFApl/ n 1 [C] small building or room used for Christian worship, eg in a school, prison, large private house, etc （基督徒礼拜用的）小教堂或房间（如学校、监狱、私人大宅 等中的）: a college chapel 学院小教堂* Chapel is (ie Services in chapel are) at 8 o'clock. （小教堂 的）礼拜在8 点钟举行. 2 [C] separate part of a church or cathedral with its own altar, used for small services and private prayer 私人祈祷处（教堂或大教堂中有自己祭坛的独立部分, 用于小规模礼 拜或私人祈祷）: a `Lady chapel, ie one dedicated to Mary, the mother of Jesus 圣母堂（供奉耶稣之 母马利亚的礼拜堂）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1 之插图, page viii. 3 [C](Brit) place used for Christian worship by Nonconformists （非英国国教徒礼拜基督的）教堂: a Methodist `chapel 卫理 公会教堂* She goes to/attends chapel regularly. 她经常去新教徒教堂作礼拜. * (dated 旧) Are they church or chapel? ie Do they belong to the Anglican Church or to a Nonconformist denomination? 他们是英国国教徒还是非国教徒? 4 [CGp] (members of a) branch of a trade union in a newspaper office or printing house 报社或印刷厂工会（会员）: The chapel voted against a strike. 印刷工会投 票反对罢工. 5 [C] (esp US) local branch of a club, society, etc 俱乐部、社团等的地方分部. chaperon / 5FApErEUn; `FApE9ron/ n (esp formerly) older person, usu a woman, who looks after a girl or a young unmarried woman on social occasions （尤指旧时）在社交场合照顾少女或未婚女 子的年长者（通常为妇女）; 年长女伴; 保护人. chaperon v. [Tn] act as a chaperon for (sb) 当（某人的）年长女伴. chaperonage n. [U]. chaplain / 5tFAplIn; `tFAplIn/ n clergyman attached to the chapel of a school, prison, etc, or serving in the armed forces （学校、监狱、军队等的）教士: an army chaplain 随军教士. Cf 参看 padre. chaplaincy n. position, period of office or house of a chaplain 随军教士的职位、任期或住所. chaplet / 5tFAplIt; `tFAplIt/ n 1 wreath of leaves, flowers, jewels, etc for the head 花冠（叶子、花、 珠宝等做成的环, 用作头饰）. 2 short string of beads for counting prayers （祈祷时计数用的） 短串珠. chapter / 5tFAptE(r); `tFAptL/ n 1 [C] (abbrs 缩写ch, chap) (usu numbered) division of a book （通常为编序的）（书中的）章, 篇, 回: I've just finished Chapter 3. 我刚看完第3 章. 2 [C] period of time 时期: the most glorious chapter in our country's history 我国历史上最光辉的时期. 3 [Gp] (a) all the canons of a cathedral or the members of a monastery or convent 大教堂的全体教士或修道 院或女修道院的全体成员. (b) [C] meeting of these 大教堂或修道院的会议. 4 (idm 习 语) ,chapter and `verse exact reference to a passage or an authority; exact details of sth （某段或某权 威论述的）准确出处; （某事物的）准确细节: I can't quote chapter and verse but I can give you the main points the author was making. 我无法引用确切的原文, 但是我可以告诉你作者所述的要点. a ,chapter of `accidents series or sequence of unfortunate events 一系列的或一连串的不幸事件. char / tFB:(r); tFBr/ v (-rr-) (a) [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become black by burning; scorch （使某物）燃烧 而变黑; 烧焦: charred wood 烧焦的木头. (b) [Tn] reduce (sth) to charcoal by burning 使（某物） 燃烧成焦炭: the charred remains of the bonfire 营火的余烬. char / tFB:r; tFBr/ n (Brit) = charwoman. char v. (-rr-) [I] work as a charwoman 做打杂女工. char / tFB:(r); tFBr/ n [U] (dated Brit infml 旧, 口) tea 茶: a cup of char 一杯茶. charabanc / 5FArEbAN; `FArE9bAN/ n (dated 旧Brit) early type of bus with bench seats facing forward, used esp for pleasure trips 大型游览车（旧式公共汽车, 有面向前的板, 尤用于游览）. character / 5kArEktE(r); `kArIktL/ n 1 [C] (a) mental or moral qualities that make a person, group, nation, etc different from others （个人、集体、民族等特有的）品质, 特性: What does her handwriting tell you about her character? 你从她的画法中看到她有什麽个性? * His character is very different from his wife's. 他和他妻子的性格迥然不同. * The British character is often said to be phlegmatic. 英国人的性格常说成是冷漠的. (b) all those features that make a thing, a place, an event, etc what it is and different from others （事物、地方、事件等的）特点, 特徵, 特性, 特 色: the character of the desert landscape 沙漠景色的特点* The whole character of the village has changed since I was last here. 自从我上次到这里以来, 这个村庄的特色完全改变了. * The wedding took on the character of (ie became like) a farce when the vicar fell flat on his face. 牧师 了个大马趴, 婚礼变得像出笑剧. 2 [U] (a) striking individuality 显著的个性: drab houses with no character 没有特色的单调房屋. (b) moral strength 道德的力量; 品格; 品德: a woman of character 有道德的女子* It takes character to say a thing like that. 说那样的话需要有骨气. * Some people think military service is character-building. 有些人认为服兵役能陶冶情操. 3 [C] (a) (infml 口) person, esp an odd or unpleasant one 人（尤指古怪或令人讨厌的人）: He looks a suspicious character. 他像个可疑的人. (b) (approv 褒) person who is not ordinary or typical; person with individuality 与众不同的人; 有个性的人: She's a real/quite a character! 她真[很]有个性! 4 [C] person in a novel, play, etc （小说、戏剧等中的）人物: the characters in the novels of Charles Dickens 狄更斯小说中的人物. 5 [C] reputation, esp a good one 名声（尤指好名声）; 声望: damage sb's character 损害某人的名声. 6 [C] letter, sign or mark used in a system of writing or printing （用于书写或印刷系统的）字母、符号或记号: Chinese, Greek, Russian, etc characters 汉 字、希腊字母、俄文字母. 7 (idm 习语) in/out of character typical/not typical of a person's character(1a) 合乎[不合乎]某人的性格: Her behaviour last night was quite out of character. 她昨晚 的举止与她的性格很不相符. characterless adj. (derog 贬) without character(2a); uninteresting; ordinary 无特徵的; 无趣的; 平 庸的: a characterless place 无特色的地方. character actor, character actress actor who specializes in playing odd or eccentric characters 性格演员. character reference ( Brit) written description of a person's qualities; testimonial （对人的品质的） 书面描述, 证明书. characterize, characterise / 5kArEktEraIz; `kArIktE9raIz/ v 1 [Cn.n/a] ~ sb/sth as sth describe or portray the character of sb/sth as sth 将某人[某事物]的特点描述成或刻画成某事物: The novelist characterizes his heroine as capricious and passionate. 这位小说家把女主人公刻画成反覆无常而又 多情的人. 2 [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] be typical of (sb/sth); be characteristic of 表现（某 人[某事物]）的典型; 以... 为特徵: the rolling downs that characterize this part of England 英格兰这 一地区特有的开阔的丘陵地* The giraffe is characterized by its very long neck. 长颈鹿以其长颈 为特徵. characterization, -isation / -raI5zeIFn; -raI`zeFEn/ n [U] action or process of characterizing (characterize 1), esp the portrayal of human character in novels, plays, etc 描述, 刻画, 塑造（尤指人 物性格）: Jane Austen's skill at characterization 简·奥斯汀刻画人物的技巧. characteristic / 9kArEktE5rIstIk; 9kArIktE`rIstIk/ adj ~ (of sb/sth) forming part of the character(1a) of a person or thing; typical 构成人或事物特徵之一部分的; 典型性的: He spoke with characteristic enthusiasm. 他以特有的热情说话. * Such bluntness is characteristic of him. 他就是这麽迟钝. characteristic n. distinguishing feature 与众不同的特徵: What characteristics distinguish the Americans from the Canadians? 美国人和加拿大人的特徵有什麽不同? * Arrogance is one of his less attractive characteristics. 骄傲自大是他的一个缺点. characteristically adv: Characteristically she took the joke very well. 从她的性格来说, 她经得起那个玩笑. characterize, characterise / 5kArEktEraIz; `kArIktE9raIz/ v 1 [Cn.n/a] ~ sb/sth as sth describe or portray the character of sb/sth as sth 将某人[某事物]的特点描述成或刻画成某事物: The novelist characterizes his heroine as capricious and passionate. 这位小说家把女主人公刻画成反覆无常而又 多情的人. 2 [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] be typical of (sb/sth); be characteristic of 表现（某 人[某事物]）的典型; 以... 为特徵: the rolling downs that characterize this part of England 英格兰这 一地区特有的开阔的丘陵地* The giraffe is characterized by its very long neck. 长颈鹿以其长颈 为特徵. characterization, -isation / -raI5zeIFn; -raI`zeFEn/ n [U] action or process of characterizing (characterize 1), esp the portrayal of human character in novels, plays, etc 描述, 刻画, 塑造（尤指人 物性格）: Jane Austen's skill at characterization 简·奥斯汀刻画人物的技巧. charade / FE5rB:d; ?@ FE5reId; FE`red/ n 1 charades [sing v] game in which one team acts a series of little plays containing syllables of a word which the other team tries to guess 哑谜猜字游戏（一组 进行若干短小的表演, 表示一字的各音节, 由另一组猜字）. 2 [C] scene in a game of charades 这种游戏的表演. 3 [C] (fig 比喻) absurd and obvious pretence 荒唐可笑又显而易见的伪装. charcoal / 5tFB:kEUl; `tFBr9kol/ n 1 [U] black substance made by burning wood slowly in an oven with a little air, used as a filtering material or as fuel or for drawing 木炭: a stick/piece/lump of charcoal 一根、一块木炭 * [attrib 作定语] a charcoal sketch 炭笔素描. 2 (also charcoal `grey) [U] very dark grey colour 深灰色. charcoal-burner n. (formerly) person making charcoal （旧时）烧炭者. chard / tFB:d; tFBrd/ n [U] (also Swiss chard) type of beet whose leaves are eaten as a vegetable 其叶 可做蔬菜的一种甜菜. charge / tFB:dV; tFBrdV/ n 1 [C] claim that a person has done wrong, esp a formal claim that he has committed a crime; accusation 指责; 指控; （尤指）控告: arrested on a charge of murder/a murder charge 以谋杀罪被捕* I resent the charges of incompetence made against me. 说我无能, 我感到 很气愤. 2 [C] rushing violent attack (by soldiers, wild animals, footballers, etc) （士兵、野兽、足 球队员等）猛攻: lead a charge 带头进攻. 3 [C] price asked for goods or services （货物或服务所 需的）费用: an admission/entry charge, eg to visit a museum 入场[门]费（如参观博物馆） * His charges are very reasonable. 他要的价钱很公道. * All goods are delivered free of charge. 一切物品 免费送货. =>Usage at price 用法见price. 4 (a) [U] responsible possession; care; custody 掌管; 照 管; 监护: leave a child in a friend's charge 把孩子留给朋友照管* He assumed full charge of the firm in his father's absence. 他在父亲不在时全权掌管公司. (b) [C] (fml 文) person or thing left in sb's care 留给某人照管的人或事物: He became his uncle's charge after his parents died. 他在父母 去世后, 由叔父抚养. 5 [C] (fml 文) task; duty 任务; 责任. 6 [C] amount of explosive needed to fire a gun or cause an explosion （开枪放炮或产生爆炸所需的）炸药量. 7 [C] (a) amount of electricity put into a battery or contained in a substance 充电量; 电荷: a positive/negative charge 正 [负]电荷. (b) energy stored chemically for conversion into electricity （以化学物质贮存的可转化为 电的）能量. 8 [C] (fml 文) instructions; directions 指示; 命令: the judge's charge to the jury, ie his advice to them about their verdict 法官给陪审团的指示（引导他们作出裁断）. 9 (idm 习语) bring a charge (of sth) against sb formally accuse sb (of a crime, etc) 正式控告某人（某罪行等）. a charge on sb/sth person or thing that must be paid for as part of a particular area of expenditure 必须为某人 或某事物支付的某项开支: They are a charge on the rates. 这是（徵收）房地产税的金额. face a charge/charges => face2. give sb in `charge (esp Brit) hand sb over to the police 把某人交给警方. have charge of sth have responsibility for sth 对某事物有责任. in charge (of sb/sth) in a position of control or command (over sb/sth) 处于控制或支配（某人[某事物]）的地位: Who's in charge here? 这儿谁负责? * He was left in charge of the shop while the manager was away. 经理不在时, 他负责 这个商店. in/under sb's charge in the care of sb 在某人照看下: These patients are under the charge of Dr Wilson. 这些病人由威尔逊医生治疗. lay sth to sb's charge (fml 文) accuse sb of sth 控告某 人犯某罪. prefer a charge/charges => prefer. reverse the charges => reverse3.take charge (of sth) take control of sth; become responsible for sth 控制或掌管某事物;承担某事物的责任: The department was badly organized until she took charge (of it). 这个部门在她负责以前组织工作做得很差. charge account ( US) = credit account (credit1). charge-sheet n. (Brit) record kept in a police station of charges (charge1 1) made 保存在警察局的 控告记录. charge / tFB:dV; tFBrdV/ v 1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (with sth) accuse sb of sth, esp formally in a court of law 以某事指控某人; （尤指在法庭上）控告某人: He was charged with murder. 他被控犯谋杀 罪. * She charged me with neglecting my duty. 她指控我玩忽职守. (b) [Tf] (fml 文) claim; assert 声称; 断言: It is charged (ie in a court of law) that on 30 November, the accused.... 现指控被告于11 月30 日.... 2 (a) [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ ((at) sb/sth) rush forward and attack (sb/sth) 进攻: The troops charged (at) the enemy lines. 部队进攻敌军防线. * One of our strikers was violently charged by a defender, ie in a game of football. 我方一前锋受到对方后卫的猛冲拦截（足球赛中）. (b) [Ipr, Ip] ~ down, in, up, etc rush in the specified direction 向某方向冲去: The children charged down the stairs. 孩子们 冲下楼梯. 3 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.n] ~ (sb/sth) for sth; ~ (sb) sth (for sth) ask (an amount) as a price 要价: How much do you charge for mending shoes? 修鞋要多少钱? * As long as you've paid in advance we won't charge you for delivery. 只要你预先付款, 我们就不收你送货费. * I'm not going there again they charged (me) 1 for a cup of coffee! 我再也不到那儿去了--一杯咖啡就要了（我） 1 英镑! 4 [Tn] (a) load (a gun) 为（枪炮）装弹药. (b) (fml 文) fill (a glass) 注满（杯子）: Please charge your glasses and drink a toast to the bride and groom! 请各位将酒杯斟满, 向新娘、新郎祝 酒! 5 (a) [Tn] put a charge1(7a) into (sth) 给（某物）充电: charge a battery 给蓄电池充电. (b) [esp passive 尤用于被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) (fig 比喻) fill sth (with an emotion) 使某事物 充满（情感）: a voice charged with tension 充满紧张情绪的声音* The atmosphere was charged with excitement. 气氛中充满了激情. 6 [Tn, Cn.t] (fml 文) give (sb) a responsibility; command; instruct 交给（某人）责任; 命令; 指示: I charge you not to forget what I have said. 你千万别忘记 我的话. * The judge charged the jury, ie advised them about their verdict. 法官对陪审团作指示（引 导他们作出裁断）. 7 (phr v) charge sth (up) to sb; charge sth up record sth as a debt to be paid by sb 将某人的欠款记在帐上: Please charge these goods (up) to my account. 请把这些货物记在我的帐 上. charge sb/oneself with sth (fml 文) give sb/oneself a duty or responsibility 使某人[自己]承担任 务或责任: She was charged with an important mission. 她被委以重任. charge d'affaires / 9FB:VeI dA5feE(r); FBr`Ve dA`fZr/ n(pl charges d'affaires/ 9FB:VeI d5feE(r); FBr`Ve dA`fZr/)1 diplomat who takes the place of an ambassador or a minister when the ambassador or minister is absent 代理大使（大使或公使不在时代替大使或公使的外交官）. 2 diplomat below the rank of ambassador or minister who heads a diplomatic mission in a minor country 代办（低于大 使或公使的外交官, 率领出使小国的使团）. chargeable / 5tFB:dVEbl; `tFBrdVEbl/ adj 1 (a) able or liable to be charged (charge2 1a) 可被指控 的; 可能被控告的: If you steal, you are chargeable with theft. 如果偷窃就可能被控偷窃罪. (b) liable to result in a legal charge 可能导致控告后果的: a chargeable offence 可能导致遭控告的过 失. 2 ~ to sb (of a debt) to be paid by sb or put on sb's account （指债款）应由某人偿付的或记在 某人帐上的: Any expenses you may incur will be chargeable to the company. 你的所有开销都可以 由公司偿付. charger / 5tFB:dVE(r); `tFBrdVL/ n (arch 古) horse ridden by a soldier in battle; cavalry horse 军马; 战马. chariot / 5tFArIEt; `tFArIEt/ n horse-drawn open vehicle with two wheels, used in ancient times in battle and for racing 敞篷双轮马车（古代用于战争或竞赛）. charioteer / 9tFArIE5tIE(r); 9tFArIEt`Ir/ n person driving a chariot （敞篷马车的）驭者. charisma / kE5rIzmE; kE`rIzmE/ n (pl ~s or ~ta) 1 [U] power to inspire devotion and enthusiasm 吸 引人效忠的能力; 号召力: a politician with charisma 有一呼百应能力的政客. 2 [C] (religion 宗) power or talent given by God 神授的力量或才能. charismatic / 9kArIz5mAtIk; 9kArIz`mAtIk/ adj 1 having charisma 有号召力的; 有神授能力的: a charismatic figure, leader, politician, etc 有号召力的人物、领袖、政治家等. 2 (of a religious group) emphasizing the divine gifts, eg the power to heal the sick （指宗教组织）崇尚神赐天赋的（如 治病的力量）. charismatically / -klI; -klI/ adv. charitable / 5tFArEtEbl; `tFArEtEbl/ adj ~ (to/towards sb) 1 generous in giving money, food, etc to poor people （给穷人钱、食物等）慷慨的, 慈善的. 2 of, for or connected with a charity(4) or charities 慈善组织的; 为慈善组织的; 关于慈善组织的: a charitable institution, organization, body, etc 慈善机构、组织、团体等* a charitable venture, ie one to raise money for charity 慈善事业. 3 kind in one's attitude to others 宽厚的; 慈爱的: That wasn't a very charitable remark. 那话说得可 不太厚道. charitably / -blI; -blI/ adv. charity / 5tFArEtI; `tFArEtI/ n 1 [U] loving kindness towards others 慈善; 慈悲; 慈爱; 仁爱. 2 [U] tolerance in judging others; kindness; leniency 宽容; 宽厚; 仁慈; 宽大: judge people with charity 宽厚度人. 3 [U] (a) (generosity in) giving money, food, help, etc to the needy 施舍; 布施; 慷慨: do sth out of charity 出于慷慨助人而做某事物* raise money for charity 为施舍助人而集资 * [attrib 作定语] a charity ball, concert, jumble sale, etc 慈善舞会、音乐会、义卖等. (b) help given in this way （慷慨施舍的）帮助: live on/off charity 靠赈济生活. 4 [C] society or organization for helping the needy 慈善团体: Many charities sent money to help the victims of the famine. 许多慈善团体捐款赈济饥民. 5 (idm 习语) charity begins at `home (saying 谚) a person's first duty is to help and care for his own family 慈善先惠及家人（一个人的首要责任是帮助和照顾 自己的家庭）. charlady / 5tFB:leIdI; `tFBr9ledI/ n = charwoman. charlatan / 5FB:lEtEn; `FBrlEtn/ n person who falsely claims to have special knowledge or skill, esp in medicine 冒充内行的人; （尤指）庸医; 江湖医生. charlatanism n. [U]. Charleston / 5tFB:lstEn; `tFBrlstEn/ n fast dance, popular in the 1920's, in which the knees are turned inwards and the legs kicked sideways 查尔斯顿舞（流行于20 世纪20 年代的快步舞, 舞时膝盖内 屈, 腿向两侧踢）. charlie / 5tFB:lI; `tFBrlI/ n (Brit infml 口) foolish person 蠢人: You must have felt a proper charlie! 你一定觉得自己很蠢! * He looks a real charlie in that hat. 他戴那顶帽子看起来真像个傻瓜. charm / tFB:m; tFBrm/ n 1 (a) [U] power of pleasing, fascinating or attracting people; attractiveness 迷人或吸引人的力量; 魅力: a woman of great charm 极为迷人的女子* He has a lot of charm. 他 很有魅力. * the charm of the countryside in spring 郊外的春光明媚. (b) [C] pleasing or attractive feature or quality 吸引人的特点或性质; 妩媚: a woman's charms, ie her beauty or attractive manner 一女子的妩媚. 2 [C] (a) object worn because it is believed to protect the wearer and bring good luck 护身符. (b) small ornament worn on a chain or bracelet （装在链上或手镯上的）小饰物: [attrib 作定语] a `charm bracelet 带有饰物的手镯. 3 [C] act or words believed to have magic power; magic spell 魔法; 咒符; 咒语. 4 (idm 习语) ,work like a `charm (infml 口) be immediately and completely successful 迅速地而完全地获得成功: Those new pills you gave me worked like a charm. 你给我的那些新药丸真是药到病除. charm / tFB:m; tFBrm/ v [Tn] 1 please, fascinate or attract (sb); delight 取悦, 迷住或吸引（某人）; 使欣喜: He charms everyone he meets. 他使他遇见的每一个人都感到愉快. * He was charmed by her vivacity and high spirits. 她的活泼与兴高采烈的情绪把他迷住了. 2 influence or protect (sb/sth) by or as if by magic （如有魔法般）影响或保护（某人[某事物]）: He has a charmed life, ie has escaped many dangers, as if protected by magic. 他的生命似有神灵保护（多次脱险似有神助）. 3 (phr v) charm sth from/out of sb/sth get sth from sb/sth by using charm 使用迷人手段从某人[某事 物]处得到某事物: She could charm the birds from the trees! 她有沉鱼落雁的魅力! charmer n. person who charms people of the opposite sex 对异性有吸引力的人. charming adj. delightful 令人高兴的; 迷人的; 可爱的: a charming man, village, song 令人喜爱 的男子、村庄、歌. charmingly adv. charnel-house / 5tFB:nl haUs; `tFBrnl 9haJs/ n (formerly) place for keeping dead human bodies or bones （旧时）存放人的尸体或骸骨的地方. chart / tFB:t; tFBrt/ n 1 [C] (a) detailed map used to help navigation at sea, showing coasts, rocks, the depth of the sea, etc 航海图: a naval chart 海军航图. (b) similar map for navigation by air 航空 地图. 2 [C] map, diagram, graph or table giving clear information, esp about sth that changes over a period of time 地图; 示意图; 曲线图或表: a weather chart 天气图* a temperature chart, ie one showing changes in a person's temperature 体温图表* a sales chart, ie one showing the level of a company's sales 销售图. =>illus 见插图. Cf 参看map, plan 2. 3 the charts [pl] weekly list of the best-selling pop music records （流行音乐唱片最畅销的）每周选录. chart v. 1 [Tn] make a chart of (sth); map 绘制（某事物）的图表; 绘制...的地图. 2 [Tn] record or follow (sth) on or as if on a chart （犹如）在图表上记录或跟踪某事物: Scientists are carefully charting the progress of the spacecraft. 科学家密切跟踪航天器的运行. charter / tFB:tE(r); `tFBrtL/ n 1 (a) written statement by a ruler or a government granting certain rights and privileges to a town, company, university, etc 特许状（统治者或政府给予一城市、公司、 大学等的某些权利或特权的证书）: privileges granted by royal charter 皇家特许状所给予的特权. (b) written statement of the main functions and principles of an organization or institution; constitution （写明某组织或机构的主要职责与原则的）章程, 宪章. 2 hiring of a ship, an aircraft or a vehicle for a particular purpose or group of people （为某目的或某团体对船只、飞机或车辆的）包租: [attrib 作定语] a `charter plane 包机. charter v. [Tn] 1 grant a charter(2) to (sb/sth) 准予（某人[某事物]）包租（船只、飞机或车辆）. 2 hire (an aircraft, etc) for a particular purpose （为某目的）包租（飞机等）: a chartered plane 包 机. chartered / 5tFB:tEd; `tFBrtLd/ adj [attrib 作定语] qualified according to the rules of a professional association which has a royal charter （根据持有皇家特许状的专业协会的规章）合格的: a chartered engineer, librarian, surveyor, etc 特许工程师、图书馆馆长、检测官等. ,chartered ac`countant (Brit) (US ,certified ,public ac`countant) fully trained and qualified accountant 特许会计师. charter flight flight by a chartered aircraft 包机航班. charter-party n. (commerce 商) agreement for the hire of a ship for a particular voyage or period of time 租船契约; 租船合同. Chartism / 5tFB:tIzEm; `tFBrtIzEm/ n [U] movement in Britain in the 1830's seeking electoral and social reform 宪章运动（英国19 世纪30 年代争取普选和社会改革的运动）. > Chartist/ 5tFB:tIst; `tFBrtIst/ n. chartreuse / FB:5tr\:z; ?@ FB:5tru:z; FBr`truz/ n [U] 1 green or yellow liqueur made with herbs 荨 麻酒（加药草酿制, 呈绿色或黄色）. 2 yellowish-green colour 黄绿色. charwoman / 5tFB:wUmEn; `tFBr9wJmEn/ (also char-lady, char) n woman employed to clean a house, an office building, etc 女清洁工 chary / 5tFeErI; `tFZrI/ adj (-ier, -iest) ~ (of sth) 1 cautious; wary 小心的; 谨慎的; 仔细的: chary of lending money 贷款谨慎的. 2 sparing 节省的; 舍不得的: chary of giving praise, ie seldom praising people 不轻易赞扬人的. charily adv. Charybdis / kE5rIbdIs; kE`rIbdIs/ n (idm 习语) between Scylla and Charybdis => Scylla. chase / tFeIs; tFes/ v 1 [Ipr, Tn] ~ (after) sb/sth run after in order to capture or overtake sb/sth 追捕; 追逐; 追赶; 追击: My dog likes chasing rabbits. 我的狗喜欢追逐兔子. * He chased (after) the burglar but couldn't catch him. 他追赶窃贼却未捉住. 2 [Ipr, Tn] ~ (after) sb make sexual advances to sb in an unsubtle way 露骨地向某人求爱: He's always chasing (after) women. 他不断地追逐女 人. 3 [Tn] (infml 口) try to win (sth) 试图赢获（某事物）: Liverpool are chasing their third league title in four years. 利物浦队正全力以赴准备四年后第三次赢获联赛冠军. 4 (phr v) chase about, around, etc rush or hurry in the specified direction 向某方向急奔: I've been chasing around town all morning looking for a present for her. 为了送给她一件礼物, 我一上午都在全市奔走寻找. chase sb/sth away, off, out, etc force sb/sth to run away, etc; drive sb/sth away, etc 赶走; 驱逐: chase the cat out of the kitchen 把猫赶出厨房. chase sb up (Brit infml 口) contact sb and try to obtain esp money or information 向某人追讨或索要（尤指钱或信息）: chase up clients with outstanding debts 向委 托人追索未清还的债款. chase sth up (Brit infml 口) try to investigate sth or make sth happen more quickly 追查或催促某事物: chase up a delayed order 追查逾期的订货单. chase / tFeIs; tFes/ n 1 act of chasing; pursuit 追捕; 追逐; 追赶; 追击; 追寻: The criminal was caught after a car chase. 开著汽车追来追去才把罪犯捉住. 2 (idm 习语) give `chase begin to run after sb/sth 开始追逐某人[某事物]: After the robbery the police immediately gave chase. 劫案发生 后警方立即跟踪追击. ,give up the `chase stop chasing sb/sth 停止追赶某人[某物]. a wild goose chase => wild. chase / tFeIs; tFes/ v [Tn] cut patterns or designs on (metal); engrave or emboss 在（金属）上镂刻图 案或花样; 雕刻; 刻浮雕: chased silver 雕花银器. chaser / 5tFeIsE(r); `tFesL/ n 1 horse for steeplechasing （越野赛或障碍赛的）马. 2 (infml 口) drink taken after another of a different kind, eg a weaker alcoholic drink after a strong one （喝完一种 饮料后再喝的另一种的）饮料（如烈酒之后的淡酒）. chasm / 5kAzEm; `kAzEm/ n 1 deep opening in the ground; abyss; gorge （地上的）深坑; 深渊; 峡 谷. 2 (fig 比喻) wide difference of feelings or interests between people, groups, etc （人、团体等 的情感或利益的）巨大差距, 分歧: the vast chasm separating rich and poor 贫富的鸿沟. chassis / 5FAsI; `FAsI/ n (pl unchanged 复数不变/ 5FAsIz; `FAsIz/) framework on which the body and working parts of a vehicle, radio or television are built （车辆的）底盘, 车架; （收音机或电视 机的）底盘, 框架. =>illus at App 1 见附录1 之插图, page xii. chaste / tFeIst; tFest/ adj 1 (dated 旧) not having had sexual intercourse; virgin 没有经过性交的; 童贞的. 2 not having sexual intercourse except with the person to whom one is married （性生活） 忠于配偶的. 3 pure; virtuous 纯真的; 有道德的. 4 simple in style; not ornate （风格）简单的; 不修饰的. chastely adv. chasten / 5tFeIsn; `tFesn/ v [Tn] 1 punish (sb) in order to correct or improve; discipline 惩罚（某人） （使之改正或改进）; 惩戒. 2 subdue (sb); restrain 遏制（某人）; 制止: a chastening experience 使人抑制的感受* He was chastened by his failure. 他因失败而一蹶不振. chastise / tFA5staIz; tFAs`taIz/ v [Tn] (fml 文) punish (sb) severely, esp by beating 严惩（某人）（尤 指责打）. chastisement / tFA5staIzmEnt, also 5tFAstIzmEnt; tFAs`taIzmEnt; `tFAstIzmEnt/ n [C, U] (fml 文) severe punishment 严惩. chastity / 5tFAstEtI; `tFAstEtI/ n [U] (state of) being chaste (1, 2, 3) 童贞; 贞洁; 贞操; 纯洁; 正派: vows of chastity, eg those taken by a nun or a monk 贞操誓言（如修女或修道士所发的）. chasuble / 5tFAzjUbl; `tFAzjJbl/ n loose garment worn over all other vestments by a priest celebrating the Eucharist 十字褡（神父行圣餐礼时穿在最外层的宽松长袍）. chat / tFAt; tFAt/ n [C, U] friendly informal conversation 聊天; 闲谈: I had a long chat with her (about her job). （关于她的工作）我和她聊了很久. * That's enough chat get back to work. 别再 聊了--回去工作吧. =>Usage at talk1 用法见talk1. chat v. (-tt-) 1 [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (away); ~ (to/with sb) (about sth) have a chat 聊天; 闲谈: They were chatting (away) in the corner. 他们在角落里闲谈. * What were you chatting to him about? 你和他 聊了些什麽? 2 (phr v) chat sb up (Brit infml 口) talk to sb in a friendly or flirtatious manner in order to gain his or her confidence 和某人亲切地或轻佻地交谈（以获取信任）: Who was that pretty girl you were chatting up last night? 昨晚你与之谈笑风生的那个漂亮姑娘是谁? chatty adj. (-ier, -iest) 1 fond of chatting 爱闲聊的; 爱聊天的. 2 resembling chat; informal 闲 聊般的; 非正式的: a chatty description 随便的描述. chattily adv. chattiness n. [U]. chat show television or radio programme in which (esp well-known) people are interviewed 电视或无线电采访 节目（尤指对知名人士的）. chateau / 5FAtEU; ?@ FA5tEU; FA`to/ n (pl ~x/ -tEUz;-toz/) castle or large country house in France 法国的城堡或大别墅. chattel / 5tFAtl; `tFAtl/ n (idm 习语) sb's goods and chattels => goods. chatter / 5tFAtE(r); `tFAtL/ v 1 [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (away/on) (about sth) talk quickly, continuously or foolishly about unimportant matters 唠叨; 喋喋不休: Do stop chattering on about the weather when I'm trying to read. 别再没完没了地唠叨天气了, 我要看书了. 2 [I, Ip] ~ (away) (of birds and monkeys) make short repeated high-pitched noises （指鸟和猴）短促连声尖叫, 啾啾叫, 吱吱叫: sparrows chattering in the trees 在树上啾啾叫的麻雀. 3 [I, Ip] ~ (together) (of the teeth) strike together with a clicking sound because of cold or fear （指牙齿）打颤. chatter n. [U] 1 continuous rapid talk 唠叨的话: I've had enough of your constant chatter. 我已经 听够你那没完没了的唠叨话. 2 chattering sound 吱吱叫的声音: the chatter of monkeys 猴子的 吱吱叫声. chatterbox n. talkative person, esp a child 话多的人（尤指小孩）. chauffeur / 5FEUfE(r); ?@ FEU5f\:r; Fo`f[/ n person employedto drive a car, esp for sb rich or important 受雇开车的人; （尤指富人或要人的）司机. chauffeur v. [Tn] drive (sb) as a chauffeur 任司机为（某人）开车. chauvinism / 5FEUvInIzEm; `FovIn9IzEm/ n [U] 1 aggressiveand irrational belief that one's own country is better than all others 沙文主义. 2 = male chauvinism (male). chauvinist / 5FEUvInIst; `FovInIst/ n, adj (person) displaying or feeling chauvinism 沙文主义的; 沙 文主义者. chauvinistic / 9FEUvI5nIstIk; 9FovI`nIstIk/ adj. chauvinistically / -klI; -klI/ adv. ChB / 9si: eItF 5bi:; 9si etF `bi/ abbr 缩写= Bachelor of Surgery (Latin Chirurgiae Baccalaureus) 外 科医学士（源自拉丁文Chirurgiae Baccalaureus）: have/be a ChB 有外科医学士学位[为外科医学 士] * Philip Watt MB, ChB 菲利浦瓦特内科医学士, 外科医学士. cheap / tFi:p; tFip/ adj (-er, -est) 1 (a) low in price; costing little money 廉价的; 花钱少的; 便宜的: cheap tickets, fares 廉价票、便宜的交通费 * the cheap seats in a theatre 剧院的廉价座位 * Cauliflowers are very cheap at the moment. 菜花现在很便宜. (b) worth more than the cost; offering good value 合算的; 实惠的; 价钱好的: 3 is very cheap for a hardback book. 花3 英镑买精装书很 上算. 2 charging low prices 要价低的: a cheap hairdresser, restaurant 要价低的理发师、饭馆. 3 Oxford Dictionary Translation memory software company ForeignDesk, Okapi Framework, OmegaT, Transolution, AidTransStudio, Cafetran, Déjà Vu (DVX), Heartsome Translation Suite, MemoQ, MetaTexis, Rainbow, SDLX, SDL, STAR Transit, Trados, SDL Trados, Wordfast, WordFisher, Similis, Open Language Tools http://www.transgood.com