TransGood-Translation memory software Trados, SDL, ForeignDesk, Wordfast, WordFisher, Déjà Vu (DVX), 译佳计算机辅助翻译软件, 雅信CAT TransGood, TransMemory, Translation Software Tools, Computer-assisted translation, computer-aided translation, CAT, machine-aided translation, Translation memory software, Terminology management software, Alignment software, Software localization tools, ?bersetzung Software, Logiciels de traduction, Software di traduzione, Traducción de Software, Mémoire de traduction, Tradu??o memória, Memoria de traducción, Memoria di traduzione, Перевод Software, ForeignDesk, Okapi Framework, OmegaT, Transolution, AidTransStudio, Cafetran, Déjà Vu (DVX), Heartsome Translation Suite, MemoQ, MetaTexis, Rainbow, SDLX, SDL, STAR Transit, Trados, SDL Trados, Wordfast, WordFisher, Similis, Open Language Tools, 翻訳ソフトウェア, 翻訳メモリ, 翻译软件 辅助翻译软件 计算机辅助翻译软件 人工智能翻译 翻译工具 专业翻译软件 翻译记忆软件 塔多思 Trados SDL WordFast 雅信CAT 翻译公司 牛津词典 Oxford Dictionary of poor quality; shoddy 品质低劣的; 质量差的: cheap furniture, jewellery, shoes 劣质家具、珠宝、 鞋* a cheap and nasty bottle of wine 一瓶质量恶劣的、难喝的葡萄酒. 4 insincere; shallow(2) 不真诚的; 肤浅的: cheap flattery 虚伪的奉承. 5 (of people, words or actions) not worthy of respect; despicable; contemptible （指人、词语或行为）不值得尊敬的, 卑鄙的, 可耻的: a cheap gibe, joke, remark, retort, etc 低级的嘲弄、玩笑、言语、反驳等* That was a cheap trick to play on her. 那样捉弄她是可耻的. * He's just a cheap crook. 他纯粹是个卑鄙的无赖. * His treatment of her made her feel cheap. 他那样对待她, 她觉得很丢脸. 6 (esp US) excessively careful with one's money; mean; stingy 对钱过分仔细的; 吝啬的; 小气的. 7 (idm 习语) cheap/common as dirt => dirt. cheap at the price so well worth having that the price, however high it is, does not seem too much 无论价钱多麽高都值得: The holiday will be very expensive but if it helps to make you fit and healthy again it will be cheap at the price. 度假要花很多钱, 但能助你恢复健康, 花钱再多也值 得. ,hold sth `cheap (fml 文) consider sth to be of little value or importance 认为某事物无价值或不 重要; 轻视. ,make oneself `cheap do sth which causes other people to respect one less 做出让人看 不起的事. on the `cheap (infml 口) without paying the usual, or a fair, price 没有付通常的或公道的 价钱; 便宜的: buy, sell, get sth on the cheap 便宜地买、卖、得到某事物. cheap adv (infml 口) 1 for a low price 廉价地: get sth cheap 廉价买到某物* sell sth off cheap 廉价卖 出某物. 2 (idm 习语) ,go `cheap (infml 口) be offered for sale at a low price 廉价卖: The local shop has some radios going cheap. 本地商店有些廉价的收音机. cheaply adv 1 for a low price 廉价地: buy, sell, get sth cheaply 廉价买、卖、得到某事物. 2ina cheap(1a) manner 廉价地; 便宜地: The room was cheaply furnished. 屋里配置了便宜的家具. 3 (idm 习语) get off lightly/cheaply => lightly (light3). cheapness n. [U]. cheapen / 5tFi:pEn; `tFipEn/ v 1 [Tn] (cause sth to) become cheap or cheaper 减价: cheapen the cost of sth 降低某事物的价钱. 2 [Tn] make (oneself/sth) less worthy of respect; degrade 降低（自 己[某事物]）的身价; 贬低: It's only cheapening yourself to behave like that. 那样做只能使你自贬 身价. cheapjack / 5tFi:pdVAk; `tFip9dVAk/ n person who sells inferior goods at low prices 廉价出售劣质 品的人; 廉价品商贩. cheapjack adj. inferior; shoddy 劣质的; 低级的. cheapskate / 5tFi:pskeIt; `tFip9sket/ n (infml 口esp US) mean or stingy person; miser 吝啬的人; 小 气的人; 财迷; 守财奴. cheat / tFi:t; tFit/ v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (at sth) act dishonestly or unfairly in order to win an advantage or profit 欺骗: accuse sb of cheating at cards 指责某人玩纸牌时作弊. 2 [Tn] trick or deceive (sb/sth) 欺骗或瞒哄（某人[某事物]）: cheat the taxman, ie avoid one's taxes 欺瞒税务局（逃税） * (fig 比 喻) cheat death, ie come close to dying but stay alive by luck or cunning 死里逃生. 3 [Ipr, Tn] ~ (on) sb (esp US) be unfaithful to one's wife, husband or lover 不忠实于妻子、丈夫或情人. 4 (phr v) cheat sb (out) of sth prevent sb from having sth, esp in an unfair or a dishonest way 防止某人得到某 事物（尤指以不正当或不诚实的手段）: He was cheated (out) of his rightful inheritance. 他依法应 得的遗产被人骗走了. cheat n. 1 person who cheats, esp in a game 骗子;（尤指游戏或比赛中的）作弊者. 2 dishonest trick 欺骗手段. check / tFek; tFZk/ v 1 (a) [I, Ip, Tf no passive 不用于被动语态, Tw no passive 不用于被动语态] ~ (up) make sure of sth by examining or investigating it （用检查或调查的方法）印证某事物: I think I remembered to switch the oven off but you'd better check (up) (that I did). 我好像记得把烤箱关了, 但你最好再查看一下（我是否关了）. * Could you go and check if the baby's asleep? 你去看看孩 子睡了没有好吗? (b) [Tn] examine (sth) in order to make sure that it is correct, safe, satisfactory or in good condition 检查; 检验; 核对; 核实: check the oil, ie make sure there is enough oil in a car engine 检查机油（确保汽车发动机中的油足够）* check the tyres, ie make sure there is enough air in a car's tyres 检查轮胎（确保汽车轮胎气足）* check the items against the list, ie to see that it tallies 照清单查点各项（看是否相符） * He must check his work more carefully it's full of mistakes. 他检查工作时要再仔细一些--到处是错. 2 [Tn] (a) cause (sb/sth) to stop or go more slowly; slow down; control 使（某人[某事物]）停止或缓慢进行; 减缓; 控制: check the enemy's advance 阻止敌军前进* check the flow of blood from a wound 为伤口止血* The Government is determined to check the growth of public spending. 政府立意控制公共开支的增长. (b) hold (sth) back; restrain (sth/oneself) 阻止住（某事物）; 抑制（某事物）; 克制（自己）: unable to check one's laughter, tears, anger 控制不住笑声、眼泪、愤怒. 3 [I] stop suddenly 突然停止: She went forward a few yards, checked and turned back. 她向前走了几码, 突然停住脚步又返回来. 4 [I, Tn] (in chess) put (one's opponent) in a position in which he must move his king to prevent its capture （国 际象棋中）将（对方的王）. Cf 参看checkmate. 5 [Tn] (US) (a) leave (hats, coats, etc) to be stored for a short period 暂存（帽子、大衣等）. (b) leave (luggage, etc) ready to be despatched 托运（行 李等）. 6 (phr v) check in (at...); check into... register as a guest at a hotel or as a passenger at an airport, etc （为住旅馆或登机等）办理登记手续: Passengers should check in for flight BA 125 to Berlin. 去柏林的英航125 航班旅客请办理登机手续. check sth in (a) leave or accept sth to be transported by train or by air 托运, 收运（经火车或飞机运送之物）: check in one's luggage 托运 行李. (b) (esp US) leave or accept sth for safe keeping in a cloakroom or left-luggage office （在衣帽 间或行李寄存处）存取某物: Is there a place we can check in our coats? 有暂存大衣的地方吗? check sth off mark (items on a list) as correct or as having been dealt with （在清单的项目上）作记 号表示正确或已处理; 核对. check (up) on sb investigate sb's behaviour, background, etc 调查某人 的行为、背景等: The police are checking up on him. 警方正在调查他. check (up) on sth examine sth to discover if it is true, safe, correct, etc 检查某事物（是否真实、安全、正确等）. check out (of...) pay one's bill and leave a hotel 办理旅馆付帐及退房手续. check sth out (esp US) = check up on sth. checker n. person who checks (esp stores, orders, etc) 审核员（尤指审核存货、定货单等者）. check-in n. 1 act of checking in at an airport 在机 : [attrib 作定语] the check-in desk 办理登机 手续的柜台* one's check-in time 办理登机手续的时间. 2 place where one checks in at an airport before a flight （在机场的飞机起飞前的）登记处. checking account ( US) = current account (current1). checklist n. list of items to be marked as present or having been dealt with （对现有的或已处理的 项目进行查点的）清单: a checklist of things to take on holiday 度假携带物品的清单. check-out n. 1 act of checking out (check1 6) 办理旅馆付帐及退房手续. 2 place where customers pay for goods in a supermarket （超级市场中的）付款处. check-point n. place, eg on a frontier, where travellers are stopped and their vehicles and documents inspected 检查站（如于边境处的）. checkroom n. (US) (a) cloakroom in a hotel, theatre, etc （旅馆、剧院等的）衣帽间. (b) left-luggage office 行李寄存处. check-up n. thorough examination, esp a medical one 全面检查; （尤指）体格检查: go for/have a check-up 去[作]体检. check / tFek; tFZk/ n 1 [C] ~ (on sth) (a) examination to make sure that sth is correct, safe, satisfactory or in good condition 检查（以确保某事物正确、安全、满意或处于良好状态）: Could you give the tyres a check, please? 你能给检查一下轮胎吗? * We conduct regular checks on the quality of our products. 我们对产品做例行质量检查. (b) method of testing the accuracy or genuineness of sth 检验（以测试某事物准确度或真假）. 2 [C] ~ (on sb) investigation 调查: The police made a check on all the victim's friends. 警方对受害者所有的朋友进行了调查. 3 [C] (a) slowing down or stopping; pause 减慢; 停止; 暂停: a check in the rate of production 生产速度减 慢. (b) ~ (on sth) thing that restrains or stops sth 制止或停止某事物的事物: The presence of the army should act as a check on civil unrest. 有了军队应能制止民间的动乱. 4 [sing] (in chess) situation in which a player must move his king in order to prevent its capture by his opponent （国际 象棋中）将军: You're in check! 将你一军! Cf 参看 checkmate. 5 [C] (US) = cheque. 6 [C] (US) = bill1: I'll ask the waiter for the check. 我找服务员要帐单. 7 [C] (US) ticket or token used to identify and reclaim clothing or property left in a cloakroom or left-luggage office 存放证, 寄存牌 （用以领取寄存物品的存根或收据）. 8 [C] (US) = tick1. 9 (idm 习语) hold/keep sth in `check prevent sth from advancing or increasing; control sth 抑止; 约束; 制止: keep one's temper in check 控制自己不发脾气* The epidemic was held in check by widespread vaccination. 这种传染病靠广 泛的预防注射已受到控制. take a rain check => rain1. check interj (in chess) call made to one's opponent to show that his king is in check （国际象棋中）将, 将 军（向对方的呼叫）. checkbook n. (US) = cheque-book (cheque). check / tFek; tFZk/ n (a) [C] pattern of crossed lines (often in different colours) forming squares 方格 图案: Which do you want for your new dress, a stripe or a check? 你要哪种料子来做新连衣裙, 条 子的还是方格的? (b) [U] cloth with this pattern 方格布: [attrib 作定语] a check skirt, jacket, table-cloth 方格的裙子、短上衣、桌布. checked / tFekt; tFZkt/ adj having a check pattern 方格图形的: checked material 方格形材料. checker / 5tFekE(r); `tFZkL/ v (US) = chequer. checkers / 5tFekEz; `tFZkLz/ n [sing v] (US) = draughts. checkerboard n. (US) = draughtboard (draught). checkmate / 5tFekmeIt; `tFZk9met/ (also mate) n [sing] 1 (in chess) situation in which one player cannot prevent the capture of his king and the other player is therefore the winner （国际象棋中）将 死. Cf 参看 check2 4. 2 total defeat 彻底失败. checkmate v. [Tn] 1 (in chess) put (one's opponent) in a position in which he cannot prevent the capture of his king （国际象棋中）将死（对方）. Cf 参看check1 4. 2 defeat (sb/sth) totally; frustrate 使（某人[某事物]）彻底失败; 挫败. interj (in chess) call made when checkmating one's opponent 将, 将军（国际象棋中将死对方时的呼叫）. Cheddar / 5tFedE(r); `tFZdL/ n [U] type of firm yellowish cheese 切德乾酪（一种淡黄色的硬奶酪）. cheek / tFi:k; tFik/ n 1 [C] either side of the face below the eye 面颊; 脸蛋儿: healthy pink cheeks 健康的红面颊* dancing cheek to cheek, ie with the cheek of one partner touching that of the other 跳贴面舞（面颊接触舞伴面颊）. =>illus at head 见head 之插图. 2 [C] (infml 口) either of the buttocks 屁股（指半边）. 3 [U, sing] impertinent talk or behaviour; impudence 无礼的、冒失的、 不当的话或行为; 厚颜无耻: That's enough of your cheek! 不要恬不知耻! * He had the cheek to ask me to do his work for him. 他居然有脸叫我替他工作. * What (a) cheek! ie How very cheeky! 真没皮没脸! 4 (idm 习语) ,cheek by `jowl (with sb/sth) close together 紧紧靠著: live/lie cheek by jowl 亲密地生活[躺在一起]. ,turn the other `cheek accept violent attack without being violent oneself 受到猛烈攻击而不还手. with tongue in cheek => tongue. cheek v. [Tn] speak cheekily to (sb) 对（某人）厚颜无耻地说. -cheeked ( forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having the specified type of cheeks 有 某种面颊的: a rosy-cheeked boy. cheeky adj. (-ier, -iest) (of a person, his manner, etc) lacking respect, esp in a bold or cheerful way; impertinent; impudent （指人、言谈、举止等）厚脸皮的, 放肆的, 鲁莽的, 厚颜无耻的: a cheeky boy, remark 厚脸皮的男孩儿、言语. cheekily adv. cheekiness n. [U]. cheek-bone n. bone below the eye 颧骨. cheep / tFi:p; tFip/ n weak shrill cry of a young bird （雏鸟的）吱吱叫声. cheep v. [I] make this cry 作吱吱叫. Bronx cheer / 9brCNks 5tFIE(r); 9brBNks `tFIr/ (US infml 口) = raspberry 2. cheer / tFIE(r); tFIr/ v 1 [I, Tn] give shouts of joy, praise, support or encouragement to (sb) 向（某 人）欢呼; 喝采: The crowd cheered loudly as the Queen appeared. 女王出现时群众高声欢呼. * The winning team were cheered by their supporters. 获胜的队受到热情观众的喝采. 2 [Tn] give comfort, hope, support or encouragement to (sb); gladden 给（某人）安慰、希望、支持或鼓励; 使 欢喜: He was greatly cheered by the news. 他听到这个消息非常高兴. 3 (phr v) cheer sb on encourage sb to make greater efforts by cheering 鼓舞或鼓励某人更加努力: The crowd cheered the runners on as they started the last lap. 赛跑进入最后一圈时, 观众为运动员加油鼓劲. cheer (sb) up (cause sb to) become happier or more cheerful （使某人）更高兴或更快活: Try and cheer up a bit; life isn't that bad! 想办法高兴点儿, 生活并不是那麽糟! * You look as though you need cheering up, ie to be cheered up. 看来你需要振作起来. * (fig 比喻) Flowers always cheer a room up. 房间里一有 花就满室生辉. cheering adj. encouraging; gladdening 令人鼓舞的; 令人欢喜的: cheering news 令人振奋的消息. n [U]: The cheering could be heard half a mile away. 半英里以外都可以听到欢呼声. cheer / tFIE(r); tFIr/ n 1 [C] shout of joy, praise, support or encouragement 欢呼声; 喝采声: the cheers of the crowd 群众的欢呼声 * Three cheers for (ie Shout `hurray' three times to show admiration for) the bride and groom! 向新娘、新郎三次欢呼! 2 [U] (arch 古) happiness and hopefulness 欢愉与乐观: Christmas should be a time of great cheer. 圣诞节应是欢乐的时刻. cheer-leader n. (esp US) person who leads the cheering by a crowd, esp at a sporting event 带领观 众欢呼的人; （尤指体育比赛中的）啦啦队长. cheerful / 5tFIEfl; `tFIrfEl/ adj 1 (a) in good spirits; happy 兴高采烈的; 精神振奋的; 快乐的: a cheerful smile, disposition 欢快的微笑、性情* You're very cheerful today. 你今天很快活. (b) causing happiness; pleasant 令人快活的; 令人高兴的: The news isn't very cheerful, I'm afraid. 我 看这个消息不太乐观. 2 pleasantly bright 欢快明亮的: cheerful colours 悦目的色彩 * a cheerful room 使人感到愉快的房间. 3 not grudging; willing 愿意的: a cheerful worker 肯干的工人. > cheerfully/-fElI; -fElI/ adv: accept sth, smile, whistle, work cheerfully 欢快地接受某事物、微笑、吹 口哨、工作. cheerfulness n. [U]. cheerio / 9tFIErI5EU; `tFIrI9o/ interj (Brit infml 口) goodbye 再见. cheerless / 5tFIElIs; `tFIrlIs/ adj gloomy; dreary 阴暗的; 惨淡的: a cold, cheerless day 寒冷阴暗的 一天* a damp, cheerless room 潮湿阴暗的房间. cheerlessly adv. cheerlessness n. [U]. Bronx cheer / 9brCNks 5tFIE(r); 9brBNks `tFIr/ (US infml 口) = raspberry 2. cheese / tFi:z; tFiz/ n 1 (a) [U] food made from milk curds 乾酪; 奶酪: Cheddar cheese 切德乾酪 * a lump/piece/slice of cheese 一大块[块/片]乾酪 * [attrib 作定语] a cheese sandwich 乾酪三明治. (b) [C] particular type of this 某种乾酪: a selection of French cheeses 精选法国乾酪. (c) [C] shaped and wrapped portion or mass of this （制成一定形状及有包装的）乾酪, 奶酪: two cream cheeses 两 块乳脂乾酪. 2 [U] type of thick jam 稠果酱: lemon, damson cheese 柠檬、洋李果酱. 3 (idm 习语) a big cheese => big. different as chalk and/from cheese => different. cheese v. (phr v) cheese sb off (esp passive 尤用于被动语态) (infml 口) make sb annoyed, bored or frustrated 使某人烦恼、厌烦或灰心: He's cheesed off with his job. 他厌倦他的工作. cheesy adj. (-ier, -iest) like cheese in taste or smell （味道或气味）像乾酪的. cheese-board n. board for cutting cheese on 乾酪板（切乾酪用的板）. cheeseburger n. hamburger with a slice of cheese in it 乾酪汉堡包. cheese-paring n. [U] (derog 贬) excessive carefulness in the spending of money; stinginess 花钱过 分仔细; 吝啬. adj (derog 贬) stingy; mean 吝啬的; 小气的. cheesecake / 5tFi:zkeIk; `tFiz9kek/ n 1 [C, U] type of tart made with cream cheese, eggs, sugar, etc on a base of pastry or crushed biscuits 奶酪饼（以油酥面或碎饼乾作底, 上有乳脂奶酪、蛋、糖 等制成的糕饼）: a cherry cheesecake 樱桃奶酪饼* Have some more cheesecake. 请再用一些奶酪 饼. 2 [U] (infml 口) pictures of women with shapely bodies, esp as used in advertisements （身材匀 称的）女子照片（尤指用于广告的）. cheesecloth / 5tFi:zklCW; ?@ -klR:W; `tFiz9klRW/ n [U] thin, loosely woven, cotton fabric 薄纱织 物: [attrib 作定语] a cheesecloth shirt 薄纱衬衫. cheetah / 5tFi:tE; `tFitE/ n African wild animal of the cat family with black spots and long legs, and able to run very fast 猎豹（产于非洲, 有黑色斑点, 腿长善跑）. chef / Fef; FZf/ n professional cook, esp the chief cook in a restaurant 厨师; （尤指饭店的）厨师长. chef-d'oeuvre / FeI 5d\:vrE; Fe `dvrE/ n (pl chefsd'oeuvre/ FeI5d\:vrE; Fe `dvrE/) (French 法) masterpiece 杰作. chemical / 5kemIkl; `kZmIkl/ adj 1 of or relating to chemistry 化学的; 关于化学的: the chemical industry 化学工业. 2 produced by or using chemistry or chemicals 用化学方法或化学品产生的 或生产的: a chemical experiment 化学实验* a chemical reaction, ie one causing changes in the structure of atoms or molecules 化学反应（造成原子或分子结构变化的反应）. chemical n. substance obtained by or used in a chemical process 在化学反应中得到的或使用的物 质. chemically / -klI; -klI/ adv. chemical engineering engineering that deals with processes involving chemical changes and with the equipment needed for these 化学工程. chemical engineer n. chemical warfare use of poisonous gases and other harmful chemicals in war 化学战. chemise / FE5mi:z; FE`miz/ n (a) loose-fitting under-garment hanging straight from the shoulders, formerly worn by women （直筒式的）宽松内衣（旧时女子穿的）. (b) dress similar to this （直 筒式的）宽松连衣裙. chemist / 5kemIst; `kZmIst/ n 1 (US druggist) person who prepares and sells medicines, and usu also sells cosmetics, toiletries, etc; pharmacist 药剂师; 药商: buy aspirin at the chemist's (ie chemist's shop) on the corner 在大街拐角的药房买阿司匹林. Cf 参看 pharmacist. 2 expert in chemistry 化学专家; 化学家. chemistry / 5kemIstrI; `kZmIstrI/ n [U] 1 scientific study of the structure of substances, how they react when combined or in contact with one another, and how they behave under different conditions 化学: Chemistry was her favourite subject at school. 她上学时最喜欢化学. * [attrib 作定语] a chemistry lesson 化学课. 2 chemical structure, properties (property 4) and reactions of a particular substance 某物质的化学组成、性质和反应: the chemistry of copper 铜的化学组成、性质和反 应. 3 any mysterious or complex change or process 任何神秘的或复杂的变化或过程: the strange chemistry that causes two people to fall in love 使两人相爱的不可思议的过程. chemotherapy / 9ki:mEU5WerEpI; 9kimo`WZrEpI/ n [U] treatment of disease by drugs and other chemical substances 化学疗法. chenille / FE5ni:l; FE`nil/ n [U] (a) thick velvety cord used for trimming furniture 雪尼尔线, 绳绒线 （用以装饰家具的天鹅绒粗线）. (b) fabric made of this 雪尼尔线的织物. cheque (US check) / tFek; tFZk/ n 1 (special printed form on which one writes an) order to a bank to pay a sum of money from one's account to another person 支票: write (sb)/sign a cheque for ￡50 给 （某人）开[签]一张50 英镑的支票* Are you paying in cash or by cheque? 您付现款还是付支票? 2 (idm 习语) a blank cheque => blank. cheque-book (US checkbook) n. book of printed cheques 支票簿. cheque card card issued by a bank to sb who has an account with it, guaranteeing payment of his cheques up to a specified amount 支票保付卡（银行发给存户的卡片, 保证支付其高达某预定限额的支票）. chequer (US checker) / 5tFekE(r); `tFZkL/ n pattern of squares, usu of alternate colours 方格图案（通 常为交错颜色的）. =>illus at pattern 见pattern 之插图. chequer v. [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] mark (sth) with a pattern of squares or patches of different colours or shades 使（某物）呈现方格图案或不同颜色或不同深浅的方格: a lawn chequered with sunlight and shade 有阳光和阴影交错的草坪. chequered (US checkered) adj. [esp attrib 尤作定语] (fig 比喻) marked by periods of good and bad fortune 好运与恶运交替的: a chequered career/history/past 荣辱盛衰的事业[历史/过去]. cherish / 5tFerIF; `tFZrIF/ v [Tn] 1 protect or tend (sb/sth) lovingly; care for 爱护或珍爱（某人[某 事物]）; 关心. 2 be fond of (sb/sth); love 喜爱（某人[某事物]）; 爱. 3 keep (a feeling or an idea) in one's mind or heart and think of it with pleasure 怀有（某种感情或想法）; 怀念: cherish the memory of one's dead mother 怀念先母* cherish the hope of winning an Olympic medal 盼望获奥 林匹克奖牌* He cherishes the illusion that she's in love with him. 他怀有一种幻想, 认为她已经 爱上他了. cheroot / FE5ru:t; FE`rut/ n cigar with both ends open （两端都开口的）雪茄烟. cherry / 5tFerI; `tFZrI/ n 1 [C] small soft round fruit (red or black when ripe) containing a stone 樱 桃. =>illus at fruit 见fruit 之插图. 2 (a) (also `cherry-tree) [C] tree on which this fruit grows 樱桃 树: a flowering cherry 开花的樱桃树 * [attrib 作定语] cherry blossom 樱桃花. (b) [U] wood of this tree 樱桃木. 2 [U] (also ,cherry `red) bright red colour 樱桃色; 鲜红色: [attrib 作定语] cherry lips 樱唇. 3 (idm 习语) have/get two bites at the cherry => bite2. cherub / 5tFerEb; `tFZrEb/ n 1 (pl ~im/ 5tFerEbIm; `tFZrE-bIm/) (Bible 圣经) one of the second highest order of angels, usu represented in paintings as a plump child with wings 二级天使（通常绘 作圆胖有翼的孩子）. =>illus at angel 见angel 之插图. Cf 参看seraph. 2 (pl ~s) (a) (in art) angelic plump child with wings （艺术上的）天使般的圆胖而有翼的孩子. (b) sweet or innocent-looking child 可爱的或天真无邪的孩子. cherubic / tFI5ru:bIk; tFE`rubIk/ adj (esp of a child) with a plump and innocent face （尤指孩子）有 著胖乎乎而天真无邪的面孔的. chervil / 5tF\:vIl; `tF[vIl/ n [U] (a) type of garden herb 有喙欧芹. (b) its leaves used to flavour soups and salads 有喙欧芹叶（用作汤羹和色拉的调料）. chess / tFes; tFZs/ n [U] game for two people, played on a board with pieces that are moved in an attempt to checkmate the opponent's king 国际象棋. =>illus 见插图. chessboard n. chequered board with 64 black and white squares on which chess and draughts are played （国际象棋的）棋盘. chess-man / 5tFesmAn; `tFZs9mAn/ n (pl -men/ -men;-9mZn/) any of the pieces used in the game of chess （国际象棋的）棋子. =>illus 见插图. chest / tFest; tFZst/ n 1 large strong box for storing or shipping things in 大箱子: a `tea chest 茶叶 箱* a `medicine chest 药品箱* a `tool chest 工具箱. 2 upper front part of the body from the neck to the stomach 胸部: a hairy chest 多毛的胸部* What size are you round the chest? 你的胸 围是多少? * [attrib 作定语] `chest pains 胸部疼痛* a `chest cold, ie one that affects the lungs 重 感冒. =>illus at human 见human 之插图. 3 (idm 习语) ,get sth off one's `chest (infml 口) say sth that one has wanted to say for a long time 说出积存已久的话: You're obviously worried about something; why not get it off your chest? 你显然有心事, 何不一吐为快? hold/keep one's cards close to one's chest => card1. -chested ( forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having the specified type of chest 有某 种胸部的: ,broad-chested * ,bare-chested * She's ,flat-chested, ie She has very small breasts. 她胸部 扁平（乳房很小）. chesty adj. (Brit infml 口) tending to suffer from or showing the symptoms of bronchial disease 易 患支气管疾病的; 有支气管疾患症状的: She often gets chesty in wet weather. 在潮湿天气, 她经 常犯支气管炎. * a chesty cough 患支气管炎引起的咳嗽. chestiness n. [U]. chest of drawers (US also bureau) piece of furniture with drawers for storing clothes in （有抽屉的）衣橱. =>illus at App 1 见附录1 之插图, page xvi. chesterfield / 5tFestEfi:ld; `tFZstL9fild/ n sofa with a padded back, seat and ends （靠背、座位和两 端都有垫料的）长沙发. chestnut / 5tFesnQt; `tFZs9nQt/ n 1 (a) (also `chestnut tree) [C] any of various types of tree producing smooth reddish-brown nuts enclosed in prickly cases (those of some types being edible) 栗 树. (b) [C] one of these nuts 栗子: roast chestnuts 炒栗子 * [attrib 作定语] chestnut stuffing, ie a mixture of chestnuts, herbs, etc used to stuff a chicken, turkey, etc 栗子馅（用以填充鸡、火鸡等）. =>illus at nut 见nut 之插图. (c) wood of the chestnut tree 栗木: [attrib 作定语] a chestnut table 栗 木桌子. 2 [U] deep reddish-brown colour 栗色（深棕红色）: [attrib 作定语] chestnut hair 栗色的 头发* a chestnut mare 栗色的雌马. 3 [C] horse of this colour 栗色马. 4 [C] (infml 口) old joke or story that is no longer amusing （因陈腐而无味的）笑话或故事: an old chestnut 老掉牙的 笑话[故事]. chevron / 5FevrEn; `FZvrEn/ n bent line or stripe in the shape of a normal or upside-down V, worn by a policeman or soldier to show his rank （警察或士兵所佩带以示衔级的）`形或-形标志. chew / tFu:; tFu/ v 1 [I, Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) work or grind (food) between the teeth 嚼碎或咀嚼（食 物）: Chew your food well before you swallow it. 食物要先嚼烂再下咽. 2 (idm 习语) bite off more than one can chew => bite1. ,chew the `cud (of sth) reflect upon sth already said or done; ponder sth 回味、体味、玩味某事物; 深思某事物. ,chew the `fat/`rag (infml 口) talk about sth, often in a grumbling or argumentative way 谈论某事物（常为以抱怨或争辩的方式）; 发牢骚; 唠叨; 拌嘴. 3 (phr v) chew sth over (infml 口) think about sth slowly and carefully （从容审慎地）细想某事 物: ,chew over a `problem 仔细考虑一个问题* I'll give you till tomorrow to ,chew it `over. 我给你 一天时间考虑考虑这问题. chew n. 1 act of chewing 咀嚼. 2 thing that can be chewed, eg a sweet or a piece of tobacco 可 以咀嚼的东西（如糖果或烟草）. chewing-gum (also gum) n. [U] sticky substance flavoured and sweetened for prolonged chewing 口香糖. Chianti / kI5AntI; kI`AntI/ n [C, U] (particular type of) dry red or white wine, from central Italy 基安 蒂葡萄酒（意大利中部产的不甜的红的或白的葡萄酒）. chiaroscuro / kI9B:rE5skUErEU; kI9BrE`skJro/ n [U] (art 美术) 1 treatment of the light and dark parts in a painting 明暗对照法（绘画中明暗部分的处理法）. 2 use of contrast in literature, music, etc （文学、音乐等中使用的）对比法. chic / Fi:k; Fik/ adj elegant and stylish 高雅的: She always looks very chic. 她的样子总是很高雅. chic n. [U] stylishness and elegance 高雅: She dresses with chic. 她的穿著雅致. chicanery / FI5keInErI; FI`kenErI/ n 1 [U] use of clever but misleading talk in order to trick sb, esp in legal matters; dishonest practice 耍花招哄骗别人（尤指于法律事务中）; 不诚实的行为: accuse a politician of chicanery 谴责一政客的欺骗手段. 2 [C] trick or deception 哄骗; 欺骗. chick / tFIk; tFIk/ n 1 young bird, esp a young chicken, just before or after hatching （即将孵出的或 刚孵出的）雏鸟; （尤指）小鸡: a hen with her chicks 母鸡及其小鸡. 2 (dated sexist 旧, 性别偏 见) young woman 黄毛丫头. chick-pea / 5tFIk pi:; `tFIk9pi/ n (a) Asian plant grown for its edible pea-like seeds 鹰嘴豆（亚洲产, 豆状籽可食）. (b) one of these seeds . chicken / 5tFIkIn; `tFIkIn/ n 1 [C] young bird, esp of the domestic fowl 雏鸟; （尤指）小鸡. =>illus at App 1 见附录1 之插图, page v. 2 (a) [C] domestic fowl kept for its eggs or meat 鸡: keep chickens 养鸡. Cf 参看cock1, hen. (b) [U] its flesh eaten as food 鸡肉: slices of roast chicken 烧 烤鸡肉片. 3 [C] (sl 俚) coward 胆小鬼; 懦夫. 4 [U] (sl 俚) children's game that tests sb's courage in the face of danger （儿童的）胆量比试游戏. 5 (idm 习语) be ,no (spring) `chicken (infml 口) (esp of women) be no longer young （尤指女子）已不年轻. count one's chickens => count1. chicken v. (phr v) chicken out (of sth) (infml 口) decide not to do sth because one is afraid 因害怕 而决定不做某事: He had an appointment to see the dentist but he chickened out (of it) at the last moment. 他已预约治牙, 但到时候却不敢去了. chicken adj. [pred 作表语] (sl 俚) cowardly 胆小; 怯懦. chicken-feed n. [U] 1 food for poultry 家禽饲料. 2 (fig infml 比喻, 口) small amount, esp of money 少量（尤指钱）: Your salary is chicken-feed compared to what you could earn in America. 你 的薪水和美国的相比, 太少了. chicken-hearted adj. lacking courage; cowardly 缺乏勇气的; 胆小的. chicken-pox n. [U] disease, esp of children, with a mild fever and itchy red spots on the skin 水痘: catch chicken-pox 患水痘. chicken-run n. area surrounded by a fence where chickens are kept 鸡圈. chicken wire type of thin wire netting 细铁丝网. chickweed / 5tFIkwi:d; `tFIk9wid/ n [U] common type of weed with small white flowers , . chicle / 5tFIkl; `tFIkl/ n [U] milky juice of a tropical American tree, the main ingredient of chewing-gum 糖胶树胶（美洲热带树的乳汁, 制口香糖的主要原料）. chicory / 5tFIkErI; `tFIkErI/ n [U] (a) (also endive) blue-flowered plant, the leaves of which are eaten raw in salads 菊苣（开蓝花, 叶可作色拉）. (b) these leaves 菊苣叶. (c) root of this plant, roasted, ground and used with or instead of coffee 菊苣根（烤后磨碎与咖啡同用或作其代用品）. chide / 5tFaId; tFaId/ v (pt chided / 5tFaIdId; `tFaIdId/ or chid / tFId; tFId/, pp chided, chid or chidden / 5tFIdn;`tFIdn/) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (for sth) (dated or fml 旧或文) rebuke; scold 指责; 责骂: She chided him for his laziness. 她责备他懒惰. chief / tFi:f; tFif/ n 1 leader or ruler, esp of a tribe or clan 领袖; 统治者; （尤指）酋长, 族长. 2 person with the highest rank in an organization, a department, etc （组织、部门等的）最高级别的 人, 首长, 领导人, 主任: a chief of police 警长. chief adj. 1 [esp attrib 尤作定语] most important; main; principal 最重要的; 主要的; 首要的: the chief rivers of India 印度主要的河流* The chief thing to remember is... 要记住的最重要的事 是... * Smoking is one of the chief causes of lung cancer. 吸烟是导致肺癌的主要成因之一. 2 [attrib 作定语] having the highest rank or authority 最高级别的; 最高权威的: the chief priest 祭司 长. chiefly adv (a) above all; principally 首先; 首要地: The Government is chiefly concerned with controlling inflation. 政府的当务之急是控制通货膨胀. (b) mostly; mainly 大部分; 主要地: Air consists chiefly of nitrogen. 空气主要由氮气组成. Chief Constable ( Brit) head of the police force in a particular area （一地区的）警察局长. Chief of Staff ( in the armed forces) highest ranking member of the group of officers serving under and advising a commander （军队的）参谋长. -in-chief ( forming compound ns 用以构成复合名词): editor-in-chief, ie chief editor * commander-in-chief. chieftain / 5tFi:ftEn; `tFiftEn/ n leader of a tribe or clan; chief （部落或氏族的）首领, 领袖; 酋长: a Highland chieftain 高地族长. chiffon / 5FIfCn; ?@ FI5fCn; FI`fBn/ n [U] thin, almost transparent fabric made of silk, nylon, etc 雪 纺绸, 薄绸（丝、尼龙等制成的近乎透明的薄织物）: [attrib 作定语] a chiffon scarf 丝头巾. chignon / 5Fi:njCn; `FinjBn/ n woman's hair twisted into a coil or thick knot at the back of the head 发髻. chihuahua / tFI5wB:wE; ?@ tFI5wB:wB:; tFI`wBwB/ n type of very small smooth-haired dog, originally from Mexico 奇瓦瓦狗（毛光滑的小狗, 产自墨西哥）. chilblain / 5tFIlbleIn; `tFIl9blen/ n (usu pl 通常作复数) painful swelling, esp on the hand or foot, caused by exposure to cold 冻疮. child / tFaIld; tFaIld/ n (pl children/ 5tFIldrEn; `tFIldrEn/) 1 (a) young human being below the age of puberty; boy or girl 儿童: a child of six, ie one who is six years old 六岁的儿童 * [attrib 作定语] a child actor 儿童演员. (b) son or daughter (of any age) （任何年龄的）儿子或女儿: an only child, ie one with no brothers or sisters 独生子女* She is married with three children. 她已婚, 有三个孩子. =>App 8 见附录8. (c) unborn or newly born human being; baby 胎儿; 婴儿: She is expecting (ie is pregnant with) her first child. 她不久要生头胎. 2 (a) person who behaves like a child 行为像孩子 的人: You wouldn't think a man of forty could be such a child. 想不到四十岁的人竟像个孩子. (b) inexperienced person 没有经验的人: He's a child in financial matters. 他在财务方面毫无经验. 3 ~ of sth person or thing strongly influenced by a period, place or person 受某时期、地方或人强烈影 响的人或事物; 产儿; 产物: She's a real child of the(19)60's. 她是真正的（二十世纪）六十年代的 产儿. 4 (idm 习语) be with child (arch 古) be pregnant 怀孕. the child is father of the man (saying 谚) the experiences of childhood determine a person's character as an adult 童年的经历可决定成年 后的性格. `child's play (infml 口) thing that is very easy to do 容易做的事: It's not a difficult climb it should be child's play for an experienced mountaineer. 这次攀登并不难--对于有经验的登山运动 员应是轻而易举的事. an only child => only1. spare the rod and spoil the child => spare2. childhood / 5tFaIldhUd; `tFaIld9hJd/ n 1 [U, C] condition or period of being a child 童年; 幼年时 代: the joys of childhood 童年的快乐* She had an unhappy childhood. 她的童年很不幸. * [attrib 作定语] childhood memories 童年的回忆. 2 (idm 习语) a/one's second `childhood (often joc 常作 戏谑语) period in later life when one acts as one did as a child 行为像孩提时的晚年时期; 老小孩: He's in his second childhood, playing with his grandson's toy trains. 他返老还童, 玩儿他孙子的玩 具火车. childless adj. having no children 无子女的: a childless couple/marriage 无子女的夫妻[婚姻生活]. child-bearing n. [U] giving birth to children 生孩子: [attrib 作定语] She's past child-bearing age. 她已过生育年龄. child benefit ( Brit) payment made by the Government to parents of children up to a certain age 儿 童补助金（政府发给儿童的父母, 到儿童某一年龄为止）. childbirth n. [U] process of giving birth to a child 分娩: She died in childbirth. 她分娩时死亡. childlike adj. (esp approv 尤作褒义) like or characteristicof a child; innocent; not devious 孩子般 的; 孩子气的; 天真的; 无邪的: childlike enjoyment, trust, honesty, etc 孩子般的欢乐、信任、诚 实等. Cf 参看 childish. child-minder n. (esp Brit) person who is paid to look after children, esp those of parents who are both at work 受雇照顾孩子的人（尤指因孩子父母都工作）. child-proof adj. (of equipment, appliances, etc) which cannot be operated, opened, damaged, etc by a young child （指设备、用具等）防儿童的（不能被幼儿开动、打开、损坏...的）: Most car doors are now fitted with child-proof locks. 汽车门现在大都装有预防儿童开启的锁. childish / 5tFaIldIF; `tFaIldIF/ (a) (characteristic) of a child 孩子（特有）的: childish laughter 孩子 的笑声. (b) (derog 贬) (of an adult) (behaving) like a child; immature; silly （指成人）（举止）像孩 子的, 幼稚的, 傻里傻气的: Don'tbe so childish! 不要这麽孩子气! * a childish attitude, fear,remark 幼稚的态度、恐惧、言语. Cf 参看 childlike (child). childishly adv: behave childishly 表现得像孩子. childishness n. [U]. chili ( US) = chilli. chill / tFIl; tFIl/ n 1 [sing] unpleasant coldness in the air, in the body, in water, etc 寒冷: There's quite a chill in the air this morning. 今晨空气很寒冷. 2 [C] illness caused by cold and damp, with shivering of the body; feverish cold 受寒; 著凉; 感冒发烧: catch a chill 著凉. 3 [sing] (fig 比喻) feeling of gloom or depression 冷淡; 寒心: The bad news cast a chill over the gathering. 这坏消息 使参加聚会的人颇为扫兴. chill v. 1 [Tn] make (sb/sth) cold 使（某人）感到冷; 使（某物）冷却: The March wind chilled us. 三月的风使我们感到十分寒冷. * (fig 比喻) His sinister threat chilled (ie frightened) all who heard it. 他这一凶恶的威胁使所有听到的人不寒而栗. 2 (a) [I, Tn] (cause food and drink to) become cool, eg in a refrigerator （指食物和饮料）变凉或冷却（如在冰箱中）: Let the pudding chill for an hour. 把布丁冰镇一小时. * This wine is best served chilled. 这种葡萄酒最好冷饮. (b) [Tn] preserve (food) at a low temperature without freezing it 冷藏（在低温而未冰冻的情况下保存）（食 物）: chilled beef 冷藏的牛肉. 3 [Tn] lessen (sth); dampen 减少（某事物）; 减轻: The raw weather chilled our enthusiasm for a swim. 天气阴冷, 我们游泳的兴致大减. 4 (idm 习语) chill sb to the `bone/`marrow make sb very cold 使某人感到非常冷: Come by the fire you must be chilled to the marrow! 到火旁边来吧--你一定冻坏了. chill adj. = chilly: a chill wind 寒风. chilling / 5tFIlIN; `tFIlIN/ adj frightening 吓人的: a chilling ghost story 吓人的鬼故事. chilly / 5tFIlI; `tFIlI/ adj (-ier, -iest) 1 rather cold; unpleasantly cold 寒冷的; 冷得难受的: a chilly day, morning, room 寒冷的天、早晨、房间* feel chilly 感到寒冷. 2 (fig 比喻) unfriendly 冷 淡的; 不友好的: a chilly welcome, reception, stare 冷淡的迎接、接待、注视* chilly politeness 冷淡的客套. chilliness n. [U]. chilli ( US chili) / 5tFIlI; `tFIlI/ n (pl chillies; US chilies) [C, U] small pod of a type of pepper plant, often dried or made into powder and used to give a hot taste to food 辣椒: How much chilli did you put in the curry? 你在咖喱食品中放了多少辣椒? * [attrib 作定语] chilli peppers 辣椒 * `chilli powder 辣椒粉. chilli con carne / kCn 5kB:nI; kBn `kBrnI/ stew of minced beef and kidney beans, flavoured with chillies or chilli powder 辣味牛肉末炖菜豆. chime / tFaIm; tFaIm/ n 1 set of tuned bells 成套编钟; 排钟: a chime of bells 一套编钟. 2 series of notes sounded by such a set 编钟发出的声音: ring the chimes 敲编钟* the chime of church bells/of the clock 教堂钟[时钟]的钟声. chime v. 1 (a) [I] (of bells) sound a chime; ring （指钟）敲出乐声; 响: cathedral bells chiming 大 教堂钟声在响. (b) [Tn] cause (bells) to ring 使（钟）响; 敲. 2 [I, Tn] (of bells or a clock) show (the time) by ringing （指钟或时钟）响声报（时）: The church clock chimed (at) midnight. 教堂午夜 钟响报时. 3 (phr v) chime in (with sth) (infml 口) interrupt a conversation 插话: He kept chiming in with his own opinions. 他不断插话发表意见. chime (in) with sth (infml 口) fit sth; suit sth 符合 某事; 适合某事: It's good that your plans chime (in) with ours. 你们的计划和我们的相吻合, 真是 好极了. chimera (also chimaera) / kaI5mIErE; kaI`mIrE/ n 1 imaginary monster made up of parts of several different animals （由几种动物的各部分构成的）假想的怪物. 2 (fig 比喻) wild or impossible idea 不可能实现的想法; 幻想; 妄想. chimerical / kaI5merIkl; kaI`mZrIkl/ adj unreal; fanciful 不真实的; 奇异的: chimerical ideas, schemes, etc 异想天开的主意、计划等. chimney / 5tFImnI; `tFImnI/ n 1 structure through which smoke or steam is carried away from a fire, furnace, etc and through the roof or wall of a building 烟囱: a blocked chimney 堵塞的烟囱 * factory chimneys 工厂的烟囱. =>illus at App 1 见附录1 之插图, page vii. 2 glass tube that protects the flame of an oil-lamp from draughts （油灯的）玻璃灯罩. 3 (in mountaineering) narrow opening in a rock or cliff up which a person may climb （登山中）（岩石或峭壁中的）狭孔（可供 人攀登的）. =>illus at mountain 见mountain 之插图. chimney-breast n. projecting part of the wall of a room which encloses the bottom of the chimney and the fireplace 壁炉腔. chimney-piece n. = mantelpiece. chimney-pot n. short metal or earthenware pipe fitted to the top of a chimney 烟囱管帽（装在烟囱 顶上的短的金属管或陶管）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1 之插图, page vii. chimney-stack n. group of chimneys standing together, esp on a roof 烟囱体（立在一起的一组烟囱, 尤指屋顶上的）. chimney-sweep (also sweep) n. person whose job is removing soot, etc from inside chimneys 烟囱 清洁工. chimp / tFImp; tFImp/ n (infml 口) chimpanzee 黑猩猩. chimpanzee / 9tFImpEn5zi:, 9tFImpAn5zi:; 9tFImpAn`zi/ n type of small African ape 黑猩猩. =>illus at ape 见ape 之插图. chin / 5tFIn; tFIn/ n 1 part of the face below the mouth; front part of the lower jaw 颏; 下巴: a double chin, ie a fold of fat under the chin 双下巴. =>illus at head 见head 之插图. 2 (idm 习语) chuck sb under the chin => chuck1. keep one's `chin up (infml 口) remain cheerful in difficult circumstances 在困难环境下仍然乐观; 毫不气馁. chinless adj. 1 having a small chin, regarded as a sign of a weak character 小下巴的（视为性格懦 弱的标志）. 2 (idm 习语) a chinless `wonder (Brit infml 口) (esp young upper-class) person with a weak character （尤指上层社会的青年）性格懦弱者. chin-strap n. strap on a helmet, etc, that fastens under the chin 下颏带（钢盔等上系在颏下的带 子）. chin-wag n. (Brit infml 口) chat 聊天; 闲谈: have a chin-wag 聊天. china / 5tFaInE; `tFaInE/ n [U] 1 (a) fine baked and glazed white clay; porcelain 瓷; 瓷料; 瓷器: made of china 瓷制的 * [attrib 作定语] a china vase 瓷花瓶. (b) objects made of this, eg cups, saucers, plates 瓷制品（如杯、碟、盘）: household china 家用瓷器* Shall we use the (ieour) best china? 我们是用（我们）最好的瓷器吗? 2 (idm 习语) a bull in a china shop => bull1. china clay = kaolin. china-cupboard n. cupboard in which china is kept or displayed 瓷器柜（放置或展示瓷器的柜）. chinaware n. [U] = china 1. chinchilla / tFIn5tFIlE; tFIn`tFIlE/ n 1 [C] small squirrel-like S American animal 毛丝鼠（南美洲像 松鼠的小动物）. 2 [U] soft grey fur of this animal 毛丝鼠的软灰毛皮. chine / tFaIn; tFaIn/ n (a) animal's backbone （动物的）脊骨, 脊柱, 脊椎. (b) joint of meat including part of this 脊肉（带部分脊骨的肉）; 排骨肉. chink / tFInk; tFINk/ n 1 narrow opening; crack; slit 缝隙; 裂口; 裂缝: Sunlight entered the room through a chink in the curtains. 阳光穿过窗帘的缝隙照射到室内. * He peeped through a chink in the fence. 他从围栏的缝隙窥视. 2 (idm 习语) a chink in sb's `armour weak point or flaw in sb's argument, character, etc （论点、性格等的）弱点或缺陷. chink / tFINk; tFINk/ n ~ (of sth) light ringing sound (as) of coins, glasses, etc striking together （硬 币、玻璃杯等相互轻碰的）叮当声: the chink of crockery 陶器相碰发出的叮当声. chink v. [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (A and B) (together) (cause things to) make this sound （使）发叮当声: We chinked glasses and drank each other's health. 我们叮叮当当地碰杯为彼此的健康祝酒. chintz / tFInts; tFInts/ n [U] type of (usu glazed) cotton cloth with a printed design, used for curtains, furniture covers, etc （通常擦光的）印花棉布（用作窗帘、家具罩布等）. chip / tFIp; tFIp/ n 1 thin piece cut or broken off from wood, stone, china, glass, etc （木、石、瓷、 玻璃等切割下或碰下的）薄片, 破片, 碎块, 碎屑: a chip of wood 木屑. 2 place from which such a piece has been broken （这种碎块所留下的）缺损处: This mug has a chip in it. 这个缸子上有个 缺口. =>illus 见插图. 3 (US French `fry) (usu pl 通常作复数) thin strip of potato fried in deep fat 炸马铃薯条: a plate of chips 一盘炸土豆条*,fish and `chips, ie fish coated in batter, fried and served with chips 炸鱼和炸土豆条. =>illus at potato 见potato 之插图. 4 (US) = crisp n. 5 flat plastic counter2(1) used to represent money, esp in gambling 筹码（用以代钱, 尤用于赌博）. 6 = microchip. 7 (also `chip shot) (esp in golf and football) shot or kick that travels steeply upwards and then lands within a short distance （尤指高尔夫球和足球）高球. 8 (idm 习语) a ,chip off the old `block (infml 口) person (esp a man or boy) who is like his father in character 性格像父亲的人（尤 指男的）. have a `chip on one's shoulder (infml 口) be bitter, resentful or defiant because one feels that one's past, background, physical appearance, etc, causes other people to be prejudiced against one 因感到自己的过去、背景、外貌等使别人产生偏见而怀恨、不满或对抗: She's got a chip on her shoulder about not having gone to university. 她因为没有进入大学而愤愤不平. have had one's `chips (Brit sl 俚) be dead, dying or defeated 已死、垂死或受挫. when the chips are down (infml 口) when a crisis point is reached 危急关头: When the chips were down he found the courage to carry on. 他在关键时刻勇于坚持到底. chipboard n. [U] building material made of compressed wood chips and resin 刨花板（用压缩木片 和树脂制成的建筑材料）. chip / tFIp; tFIp/ v 1 (a) [Tn] break or cut (sth) at the edge or surface （在边缘或表面）打破或切削 （某物）: a badly chipped saucer 边缘严重破损的碟子* chip a tooth 锛了牙齿* He chipped one of my best glasses. 他碰坏了我最好的玻璃杯. =>illus 见插图. (b) [I] (tend to) break at the edge or surface （易于）从边缘或表面破裂: Be careful with these plates they chip very easily. 小心这些 盘子--边缘容易破损. * The paint is chipping badly. 油漆在严重剥落. 2 (a) [Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth from/off sth; ~ sth off break or cut (a small piece) from the edge or surface of sth 从某物的边缘或表 面折下或切下（一小块）: A piece was chipped off the piano when we moved house. 我们搬家时钢 琴碰掉了一小块. * We chipped the old plaster (away) (ie removed it in small pieces) from the wall. 我们把旧墙皮从墙上铲掉. (b) [Ipr, Ip] ~ off (sth) be broken off in small pieces 呈小块掉下; 剥落: The paint has chipped off where the table touches the wall. 桌子接触墙壁的地方漆皮已剥落. [Tn] shape or carve (sth) by cutting the edge or surface (with an axe, chisel, etc) （用斧、凿等切削 边缘或表面）雕刻（某物）或使（某物）成形; 砍成; 凿成. 4 [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] make (potatoes) into chips (chip1 3) 将（土豆）切成小条: chipped potatoes 土豆条. 5 [I, Tn] (esp in golf and football, etc) strike or kick (the ball) so that it travels steeply upwards and then lands within a short distance （尤指高尔夫球或足球）打高或踢高（球）. 6 (phr v) chip away at sth continuously break off small pieces from sth 从某物上不断除去小块: chipping away at a block of marble with a chisel 用凿子在大理石上不停地凿 * (fig 比喻) He kept chipping away at the problem until he had solved it. 他一直在琢磨这一问题, 直到把它解决为止. chip in (with sth) (infml 口) (a) join in or interrupt a conversation 参加谈话或插嘴: She chipped in with some interesting remarks. 她插进一些话, 说得很有趣. (b) contribute (money) 凑（钱）; 捐（款）: If everyone chips `in we'll be able to buy her a really nice leaving present. 若每个人都凑些钱, 就能真 正给她买件好的送别礼物. chippings n. [pl] chips of stone, etc used for making a road surface （石头等的）碎块（用于铺路 面）; 碎石: Danger! Loose chippings, eg as a warning to motorists. 危险! 小心路面碎石（如用以 警告开车的人）. chipmunk / 5tFIpmQNk; `tFIpmQNk/ n small striped squirrel-like N American animal 花鼠（北美洲 产, 有条纹, 似松鼠）. chipolata / 9tFIpE5lB:tE; 9tFIpE`lBtE/ n (esp Brit) small sausage 小香肠. Chippendale / 5tFIpEndeIl; `tFIpEn9del/ n [U] elegant style of 18th-century English furniture 奇彭代 尔式家具（18 世纪英国精美的家具）: [attrib 作定语] Chippendale chairs 奇彭代尔式的椅子. chiropodist / kI5rCpEdIst; kE`rBpEdIst/ (US podiatrist)n person whose job is treating or preventing minor disorders of people's feet 足科治疗师. chiropody / kI5rCpEdI; kE`rBpEdI/ (US podiatry) n [U] such treatment 足病治疗与预防术. chiropractor / 5kaIErEUprAktE(r); `kaIrE9prAktL/ n person whose job is treating diseases by manipulating people's joints, esp those of the spine 按摩师. chiropractic / 9kaIErEU5prAktIk; 9kaIrE`prAktIk/ n [U] such treatment 按摩（尤指脊关节）疗法. chirp / tF\:p; tF[p/ n short sharp sound made by a small bird or a cricket （小鸟或蟋蟀发出的）短而 尖的叫声; 啁啾声; 唧唧声: the chirp of a sparrow 麻雀叽叽喳喳的叫声. chirp v. [I, Ip] make this sound 作唧唧声: birds chirping (away) merrily in the trees 树林中快乐地 叽叽喳喳叫（个不停）的小鸟. chirpy / 5tF\:pI; `tF[pI/ adj (-ier, -iest) (Brit infml 口) lively and cheerful 活泼的; 快活的: You seem very chirpy today! 今天你好像很快活似的! > chirpily adv: whistle chirpily 快活地吹口哨. chirpiness n. [U]. chirrup / 5tFIrEp; `tFIrEp/ n series of chirps 连续的唧唧声. chirrup v. (-p-) [I] make a chirrup; twitter 唧唧叫. chisel / 5tFIzl; `tFIzl/ n tool with a sharp cutting edge at the end, for shaping wood, stone or metal 凿 子; 錾子. =>illus 见插图. chisel v. (-ll-; US also -l-) 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] (a) ~ sth (into sth) cut or shape sth with a chisel 用凿子或 錾子凿开或凿成某物: The sculptor chiselled the lump of marble into a fine statue. 雕刻家把大理石 块凿成优美的雕像. * (fig 比喻) a woman with (finely) chiselled features, ie a sharply defined face 眉清目秀的女人. (b) ~ sth (out of sth) form sth using a chisel 用凿子做成某物: a temple chiselled out of solid rock 在岩石中凿出的庙宇. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (out of sth) (sl 俚) cheat or swindle sb 欺骗或诈骗某人. chiseller n. (US also chiseler) person who chisels (chisel 2) people; swindler 骗子. chit / tFIt; tFIt/ n 1 young child 幼儿. 2 (usu derog 通常作贬义) small or thin young woman 瘦 小的少女: a mere chit of a girl 只是个黄毛丫头. chit / tFIt; tFIt/ n 1 short written note or letter 便条; 短信. 2 note showing an amount of money owed, eg for drinks at a hotel 欠条, 记帐单（如用旅馆中的饮料）: Can I sign a chit for the drinks I've ordered? 我要的饮料可以记帐吗? chit-chat / 5tFIt tFAt; `tFIt 9tFAt/ n [U] (infml 口) chat; gossip 闲谈; 聊天. chivalry / 5FIvElrI; `FIvlrI/ n [U] 1 (a) (in the Middle Ages) ideal qualities expected of a knight, such as courage, honour, courtesy and concern for the weak and helpless （中世纪的）骑士精神（如 勇气、荣誉感、谦恭及扶助弱小等）. (b) religious, moral and social system of the Middle Ages, based on these qualities 骑士制度: the age of chivalry 骑士制度时代. 2 courtesy and considerate behaviour, esp towards women 谦恭有礼及体贴殷勤（尤指对女子）. chivalrous / 5FIvlrEs; `FIvlrEs/ adj 1 (in the Middle Ages) showing the qualities of a perfect knight （中世纪的）表现出完美的骑士精神的. 2 (of men) courteous and considerate towards women; gallant （指男子）对女子谦恭有礼及体贴殷勤的, 有骑士风度的: a chivalrous old gentleman 彬 彬有体的绅士. chivalrously adv. chive / tFaIv; tFaIv/ n [C] (a) small herb with purple flowers and slender onion-flavoured leaves 细香 葱（开紫花, 叶狭长有洋葱味）. (b) (usu pl 通常作复数) these leaves chopped and used to flavour or decorate salads, etc 细香葱叶（作色拉调料或装饰用切碎的）. chivvy (also chivy) / 5tFIvI; `tFIvI/ v (pt, pp chivvied, chivied) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p, Cn.t] ~ sb (into sth/along) (infml 口) continuously urge sb to do sth, often in an annoying way 不断催促某人做某事 （常使人烦恼）: His mother kept on chivvying him to get his hair cut. 他母亲一直唠唠叨叨地催他 去理发. chloride / 5klR:raId; `klRraId/ n [U] compound of chlorine and one other element 氯化物: sodium chloride 氯化钠. chlorine / 5klR:ri:n; `klRrin/ n [U] chemical element, a poisonous greenish-yellow gas with a pungent smell, used to sterilize water and in industry 氯. =>App 10 见附录10. chlorinate / 5klR:rIneIt; `klRrI9net/ v [Tn] treat or sterilize (esp water) with chlorine 用氯处理或消 毒（尤指水）: Is the swimming-pool chlorinated? 游泳池的水用氯消毒了吗? chlorination / 9klR:rI5neIFn; 9klRrI`neFEn/ n [U]. chloroform / 5klCrEfR:m; ?@ 5klR:r-; `klRrE9fRrm/ n [U] colourless liquid, the vapour of which makes a person unconscious when it is breathed in 氯仿. chloroform v. [Tn] make (sb) unconscious with this 用氯仿使（某人）失去知觉. chlorophyll / 5klCrEfIl; ?@ 5klR:r-; `klRrE9fIl/ n [U] green substance in plants that absorbs energy from sunlight to help them grow 叶绿素. Cf 参看 photosynthesis. ChM / 9si: eItF 5em; 9si etF `Zm/ abbr 缩写= Master of Surgery (Latin Chirurgiae Magister) 外科 硕士（源自拉丁文Chirurgiae Magister）: have/be a ChM 有外科硕士学位[为外科硕士] * John Wall ChM 约翰·沃尔外科硕士. choc / tFCk; tFBk/ n (Brit infml 口) chocolate 巧克力: a box of chocs 一盒巧克力. choc-ice (also choc-bar) n. (Brit) small block of ice-cream thinly coated with chocolate 巧克力脆皮 冰棍儿. chock / tFCk; tFBk/ n block or wedge used to prevent a wheel, barrel, door, etc, from moving （用以 防止轮子、桶、门等移动的）垫块. chock v. [Tn] wedge (sth) with a chock or chocks 用垫块塞住（某物）. chock-a-block adj. [pred 作表语] ~ (with sth/sb) completely full; tightly packed 充满; 塞满: The town centre was chock-a-block (with traffic). 市中心（车辆）挤得水泄不通. chock-full adj. [pred 作表语] ~ (of sth/sb) completely full 充满: The dustbin is chock-full (of rubbish). 垃圾箱塞满了（垃圾）. chocolate / 5tFCklEt; `tFBkElEt/ n 1 [U] brown edible substance in the form of powder or a block, made from roasted and crushed cacao seeds 巧克力. 2 [U, C] sweet made of or coated with this 巧 克力糖; 夹心巧克力糖: a bar of (milk/plain) chocolate 一条（牛奶的[纯的]）巧克力糖* a box of chocolates 一盒巧克力糖* Have another chocolate. 再吃一块巧克力糖. 3 [U] drink made by mixing powdered chocolate with hot water or milk 巧克力粉与热水或奶混合制成的饮料: a mug of hot chocolate 一缸子热巧克力饮料. 4 [sing] colour of chocolate; dark brown 巧克力色; 深褐色. chocolate adj. 1 made or coated with chocolate 用巧克力制成的; 有巧克力糖衣的: chocolate sauce 巧克力汁* a chocolate biscuit 巧克力饼乾. 2 having the colour of chocolate; dark brown 巧克力色的; 深褐色的: a chocolate carpet 深褐色地毯. choice / 5tFRIs; tFRIs/ n 1 [C] ~ (between A and B) act of choosing between two or more possibilities 挑选; 选择: make a choice 做出选择* We are faced with a difficult choice. 我们面临 困难的抉择. * What influenced you most in your choice of career? 在你选择职业时, 对你影响最 大的因素是什麽? 2 [U] right or possibility of choosing 选择的权利或可能性: He had no choice but to resign, ie Resigning was the only thing he could do. 他除了辞职别无他途. * If I had the choice, I would retire at thirty. 假如我有选择的余地, 我三十岁就退休. 3 [C] one of two or more possibilities from which sb may choose; alternative 可供选择的可能性之一; 另一选择: You have several choices open to you. 有几种可能性供你选择. 4 [C] person or thing chosen 选中的人或物; 中选者: She wouldn't be my choice as Prime Minister. 她不是我看中做首相的人. * I don't like his choice of (ie the people he chooses as his) friends. 我不喜欢他找的那类朋友. 5 [U] variety from which to choose; range 供选择的种类; 范围: There's not much choice in the shops. 这些商店中没 有多少可挑选的东西. 6 (idm 习语) be spoilt for choice => spoil. for choice preferably 宁可. of one's choice that one chooses 某人所选定的: First prize in the competition will be a meal at the restaurant of your choice. 获头奖者可自选饭店用一餐. out of/from choice willingly 愿意地: do sth out of choice 出于自愿做某事物. you pays your money and you takes your choice => pay2. choice adj. (-r, -st) 1 [esp attrib 尤作定语] (esp of fruit and vegetables) of very good quality （尤指水果和蔬菜）优质的. 2 carefully chosen 精选的: She summed up the situation in a few choice phrases. 她言简意赅地总结了情况. * (joc 谑) He used some pretty choice (ie rude or offensive) language! 他使用粗鄙的语言! Hobson's choice / 9hCbsnz 5tFRIs; `hBbsnz`tFRIs/ situation in which a person must accept what is offered because there is no alternative other than taking nothing at all 无可选择的选择; 没有选择余 地的局面. choir / 5kwaIE(r); kwaIr/ n 1 [CGp] organized group of singers, esp one that performs in church services 合唱队（尤指教堂作礼拜时合唱者的）; 唱诗班: She sings in the school choir. 她在校唱 诗班唱歌. 2 [C] part of a church where these singers sit 教堂中唱诗班坐的席位: [attrib 作定语] choir stalls 唱诗班席位. =>illus at App 1 见附录1 之插图, page viii. choirboy n. boy who sings in a church choir 唱诗班的男童歌手. choirmaster n. person who trains and conducts a choir 唱诗班指挥. choir school school attached to or associated with a cathedral or college 唱诗班学校（附属于大教堂或学院或与 之有关的学校）. choke / tFEUk; tFok/ v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (on sth) be unable to breathe because one's windpipe is blocked by sth 窒息: She choked (to death) on a fish bone. 鱼刺把她卡住而窒息（致死）. 2 [Tn] cause (sb) to stop breathing by squeezing or blocking the windpipe; (of smoke, etc) make (sb) unable to breathe easily （掐住或阻塞气管）使（某人）停止呼吸; （指烟等）使（某人）难以呼吸; 呛: choke the life out of sb 扼死某人* The fumes almost choked me. 烟雾几乎把我呛死. 3 [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (with sth) (cause sb to) become speechless （使某人）说不出话来: She was choking with emotion. 她激 动得说不出话来. * Anger choked his words. 他气得说不出话来. 4 [Tn, Tn.pr esp passive 尤用于 被动语态, Tn.p esp passive 尤用于被动语态] ~ sth (up) (with sth) block or fill (a passage, space, etc); clog or smother sth 阻塞, 充满（通道、空间等）; 填满某物; 窒息某物: The drains are choked (up) with dead leaves. 下水道被枯叶堵住. * The garden is choked with weeds. 花园杂草丛生. 5 (phr v) choke sth back restrain or suppress sth 克制、抑制、忍住或压制某事物: choke back one's tears, anger, indignation 忍住眼泪、愤怒、义愤. choke sth down swallow sth with difficulty 困难 地咽下某物. choke sb off (infml 口) (a) interrupt sb rudely or abruptly 粗鲁地或突然阻止某人. (b) reprimand sb severely (for doing sth) 严厉申斥某人（之所为）. choke n. 1 act or sound of choking 窒息; 窒息时发出的声音. 2 (knob which operates the) valve controlling the flow of air into a petrol engine 阻风门（开关）（控制进入汽油机空气量的阀 门）: Won't your car start? Try giving it a bit more choke, ie letting more air into the engine by pulling out the choke. 你的汽车不能启动啦? 把阻风门开大一点儿（外拉阻风门钮让更多的空气进入发 动机）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1 之插图, page xii. choked adj. [pred 作表语] ~ (about sth) (infml 口) upset; angry 心烦; 愤怒: He was pretty choked about being dropped from the team. 他因为队里未选用他而耿耿于怀. choker / 5tFEUkE(r); `tFokL/ n close-fitting necklace or band of material worn round the throat by women （女子紧围颈部的）项链或箍带: a pearl choker 短的珍珠项链. cholera / 5kClErE; `kBlErE/ n [U] infectious and often fatal disease causing severe diarrhoea and vomiting, common in hot countries 霍乱: an outbreak of cholera 霍乱突然蔓延 * [attrib 作定语] a cholera epidemic 霍乱流行. choleric / 5kClErIk; `kBlErIk/ adj easily angered; bad-tempered 易怒的; 坏脾气的. cholesterol / kE5lestErCl; kE`lZstE9rRl/ n [U] fatty substance found in animal fluids and tissue, thought to cause hardening of the arteries 胆固醇: [attrib 作定语] A high cholesterol level in the blood can cause heart disease. 血液中胆固醇含量高可导致心脏病. choose / tFu:z; tFuz/ v (pt chose/ tFEUz; tFoz/, pp chosen/ 5tFEUzn; `tFozn/) 1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.n/a, Cn.t] ~ (between A and/or B); ~ (A) (from B); ~ sb/sth as sth pick out or select (sb/sth that one prefers or considers the best, most suitable, etc) from a number of alternatives 选择, 挑选, 选取（某 人[某事物]）: choose carefully 细心挑选* She had to choose between giving up her job or hiring a nanny. 她得在放弃工作和雇用保姆两者间作一选择. * We offer a wide range of holidays to choose from. 我们提供各种旅游度假方式可供选择. * choose a carpet, career, chairman 挑选地毯、选择 职业、选举主席* We have to choose a new manager from a short-list of five candidates. 我们得从 五位候选人中挑选新经理. * The Americans chose Mr Clinton as president/to be president. 美国人 选举了克林顿先生任[当]总统. 2 (a) [Tw no passive 不用于被动语态, Tt] decide (to do one thing rather than another) 决定（做一事而不做另一事）: Have you chosen what you want for your birthday? 你过生日要什麽东西决定了吗? * We chose to go by train. 我们决定乘火车去. (b) [I, Tt] like; prefer 喜欢; 愿意: You may do as you choose. 你喜欢怎麽做就怎麽做. * The author chooses to remain anonymous. 作者愿不署名. 3 (idm 习语) pick and choose => pick3. there is nothing, not much, little, etc to choose between A and B there is very little difference between two or more things or people 事物与事物或人与人之间无甚差别. choose NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Select suggests a more carefully considered decision than choose *用select 表示所作出的决定比用choose 考虑得更为周到: Our shops select only the very best quality produce. 我们商店都是精选的质量最高的产品. Pick is less formal than select *pick 比 select 通俗: Who are you going to pick for the team? 你打算挑选谁参加这个队? Choose suggests a freely made decision and can refer to a decision between only two items. (We usually select or pick from a number greater than two) 用choose 表示的是自由作出的决定, 可仅指两者之间. （不止两 项时通常用select 或pick）: She chose the red sweater rather than the pink one. 她选中那件红毛衣 而不要那件粉红的. Opt (for) refers to the choice of courses of action rather than of items and suggests the weighing up of advantages and disadvantages *opt (for) 所指的选择对象是行动而不是 项目, 且有权衡利弊之意: Most people opt for buying their own homes rather than renting them. 大 多数人愿意买房子而不愿意租房子. choosy (also choosey) / 5tFu:zI; `tFuzI/ adj (-sier, -siest) (infml 口) careful in choosing; fussy or hard to please 精心挑选的; 挑剔的; 难以取悦的: She's very choosy about who she goes out with. 她愿 意和谁幽会不愿意和谁幽会是很挑剔的. choosiness n. [U]. chop / tFCp; tFBp/ v (-pp-) 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) (into sth) cut sth into pieces with an axe, a knife, etc （用斧、刀等）将某物切碎, 劈开, 剁碎: chopping wood in the garden 在花园中劈木 头* He chopped the logs (up) into firewood, ie into sticks. 他把原木劈成了柴. * Chop the meat into cubes before frying it. 把肉切成方块再炸. * finely chopped onions, carrots, parsley, etc 剁碎的洋 葱、胡萝卜、芫荽等. 2 [Tn] hit (sth) with a short downward stroke or blow 剁, 砍（某物）. =>Usage at cut1 用法见cut1. 3 [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] (Brit infml 口) stop or greatly reduce (sth) 终止或削减（某事物）: Bus services in this area have been chopped. 这一地区的公共 汽车班次已大为削减. 4 (phr v) chop at sth aim blows at sth with an axe, a knife, etc （用斧、刀 等）向某物砍或劈. chop sth down cause sth to fall down by cutting it at the base 砍倒（某物）: chop down a dead tree 砍倒枯树. chop sth off (sth) remove sth (from sth) by cutting with an axe, etc （用 斧等）砍掉某物: He chopped a branch off the tree. 他从树上砍下一根树枝. * (infml 口) Charles I had his head chopped off. 查里一世遭斩首. chop a/one's way through sth make a path through sth by chopping branches, etc （砍掉树枝等）开路穿过某处. chop / tFCp; tFBp/ n 1 [C] (a) cutting stroke, esp one made with an axe 砍, 劈（尤指用斧）: She cut down the sapling with one chop. 她一斧子就把树苗砍倒了. (b) chopping blow, esp one made with the side of the hand 砍击（尤指用掌侧）; 掌劈: a karate chop 空手道掌劈. 2 [C] thick slice of meat, usu including a rib 粗肉条（通常带肋骨）; 排骨: a pork/lamb/mutton chop 猪[羔羊/羊]排骨. 3 the chop [sing] (sl 俚esp Brit) act of dismissing or killing sb; act of discontinuing sth 辞退某人; 杀掉某人; 中止某事物: She got the chop after ten years with the company. 她在公司工作十年后遭 解雇. * The public spending cuts will mean the chop for several hospitals. 削减公费开支意味著要砍 掉几所医院. chop / tFCp; tFBp/ v (-pp-) 1 (idm 习语) ,chop and `change keep changing one's plans, opinions, etc 不断改变计划、意见等; 变化无常. 2 (phr v) chop about/round (of the wind) change direction suddenly （指风）突然改变方向. =>Usage at cut1 用法见cut1. chop-suey / 9tFCp5su:I; `tFBp`suI/ n [U] Chinese dish of small pieces of meat fried with rice and vegetables 炒饭. chopper / 5tFCpE(r); `tFBpL/ n 1 chopping tool, esp a short axe or a butcher's heavy knife with a large blade 砍割工具（尤指短斧或屠夫的宽刃重刀）; 砍刀; 屠刀. 2 (infml 口) helicopter 直升 飞机. choppy / 5tFCpI; `tFBpI/ adj (-ier, -iest) (of the sea) moving in short broken waves; slightly rough （指 海洋）有浪花起伏的, 稍有波浪的. choppiness n. [U]. chopsticks / 5tFCpstIks; `tFBp9stIks/ n [pl] pair of thin sticks made of wood, ivory, etc, used in China, Japan, etc for lifting food to the mouth 筷子. choral / 5kR:rEl; `kRrEl/ adj of, composed for or sung by a choir 唱诗班的; 为唱诗班创作的; 由唱 诗班演唱的: a choral society 唱诗班合唱团* choral evensong 合唱晚祷 * Beethoven's choral symphony 贝多芬的合唱交响曲. chorale / kE5rB:l; kE`rBl/ n 1 (music for a) hymn sung by a choir and congregation together, as part of a church service 众赞歌（曲调）. 2 (esp US) group of singers; choir 合唱队; 唱诗班. chord / kR:d; kRrd/ n (in music) combination of notes usu sounded together in harmony （音乐的）和 弦, 和音. chord / kR:d; kRrd/ n 1 (mathematics 数) straight line that joins two points on the circumference of a circle or the ends of an arc 弦（与圆的两点或弧的两端相交的直线）. =>illus at circle 见circle 之插图. 2 string of a harp, etc （竖琴等的）弦. 3 (idm 习语) strike a chord => strike2. touch the right chord => touch2. chore / tFR:(r); tFRr/ n 1 small routine task 日常的零星事务; 琐事: do the chores, eg the housework 干杂活儿（如家务活儿）* household/domestic chores, ie dusting, ironing, making the beds, etc 家务杂活儿（打扫、熨衣、铺床等）. 2 unpleasant or tiring task 讨厌的或累人的工 作: She finds shopping a chore. 她认为买东西是烦人的事. choreograph / 5kCrIEgrB:f, also -grAf; ?@ 5kR:rIEgrAf; `kRrIE9-rAf/ v [Tn] design and arrange steps and dances for (a ballet, etc) 为（芭蕾舞等）设计舞步与编舞; 设计舞蹈动作. choreography / 9kCrI5CgrEfI; ?@ 9kR:rI-; 9kRrI`B-rEfI/ n [U] (art of designing and arranging) steps for ballet and dancing on stage （芭蕾舞和其他舞台舞的）舞步（的设计与编排艺术）. choreographer / 9kCrI5CgrEfE(r); ?@ 9kR:rI-; 9kRrI`B-rEfL/ n. choreographic / 9kCrIE5grAfIk; ?@ 9kR:rI-; 9kRrIE`-rAfIk/ adj. chorister / 5kCrIstE(r); ?@ 5kR:r-; `kRrIstL/ n member of a choir, esp a choirboy 唱诗班歌手（尤指 男童歌手）. chortle / 5tFR:tl; `tFRrtl/ n loud chuckle of pleasure or amusement 大声的笑; 咯咯的笑. chortle v. [I] utter a chortle 哈哈大笑; 咯咯笑: chortle with delight at a joke 让笑话逗得哈哈大 笑. chortle NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Chuckle and chortle both indicate laughing with pleasure and satisfaction. *chuckle 和chortle 均指因高兴和满足而笑. Chuckling is usually quiet and may be a response to private thoughts or reading *chuckling 通常是低声或无声的, 也可为独自思考和阅读的 反应: He chuckled to himself when he remembered the trick he'd played on them. 他想起捉弄他们 的事就忍俊不禁. Chortling is usually louder and more public *chortling 通常声音较大, 而且多是当 众的: When I told them what had happened to me, they all chortled with mirth. 我把我的事告诉他们 以后, 他们咯咯地笑起来了. chorus / 5kR:rEs; `kRrEs/ n 1 [CGp] (usu large) group of singers; choir （通常为大型的）合唱团; 唱诗班: the Bath Festival Chorus 巴斯音乐节大合唱团. 2 [C] piece of music, usu part of a larger work, composed for such a group 合唱曲: the Hallelujah Chorus 哈利路亚合唱曲. 3 [C] part of a song that is sung after each verse, esp by a group of people （歌曲中的）合唱部分: Bill sang the verses and everyone joined in the chorus. 比尔先唱独唱部分, 然后大家一起合唱. 4 [C] thing said or shouted by many people together 齐声说或齐声喊的内容: a chorus of boos, cheers, laughter, etc 齐声喊呸、欢呼、大笑等* The proposal was greeted with a chorus of approval. 大家对该建 议异口同声表示赞成. 5 [CGp] group of performers who sing and dance in a musical comedy （歌 舞喜剧中的）歌舞队: [attrib 作定语] a chorus line （歌舞喜剧中的）歌舞队唱词. 6 [CGp] (in ancient Greek drama) group of singers and dancers who comment on the events of the play （古希腊 戏剧中）（为剧中事件作评注的）歌舞队. 7 [C] (esp in Elizabethan drama) actor who speaks the prologue and epilogue of a play （尤指伊丽莎白时代戏剧中）（宣读开场白和收场白的）男演员. 8 (idm 习语) in chorus all together; in unison 一起; 同时; 一齐; 一致: act, speak, answer in chorus 一致行动、异口同声地说、同时回答. chorus v. [Tn] sing or say (sth) all together 同时唱或说（某事）: The crowd chorused their approval (of the decision). 群众（对该决定）齐声表示赞成. chorus-girl n. girl or young woman who sings or dances in a chorus(5) （歌舞喜剧中的）歌舞队女 演员. chose, chosen pt, pp of choose. chose, chosen pt, pp of choose. chough / tFQf; tFQf/ n type of crow with red legs and a red beak 山鸦（红腿红嘴的鸦）. chow / tFaU; tFaJ/ n type of dog with a thick coat, originally from China （原产于中国的一种被毛厚 的）狗. chow / tFaU; tFaJ/ n [U] (sl 俚) food 食物. chow mein / 9tFaU 5meIn; `tFaJ `men/ n [U] Chinese dish of fried noodles with shredded meat and vegetables 炒面. chowder / 5tFaUdE(r); `tFaJdL/ n [U] (US) thick soup or stew made with vegetables and fish （用蔬 菜与鱼烹调的）浓汤或杂烩: clam chowder 蛤肉杂烩汤. Christ / kraIst; kraIst/ n (a) (also Jesus, Jesus Christ/ 9dVi:zEs 5kraIst; 9dVizEs 5kraIst/) the founder of the Christian religion 基督. (b) image or picture of Christ 基督的图像. Christ interj (also Jesus, Jesus Christ) ( infml 讳, 口) (expressing anger, annoyance, surprise, etc 表示 愤怒、烦恼、惊讶等): Christ! We're running out of petrol. 天哪! 我们的汽油要用完了. Christlike adj. like Christ in character or action （性格或行为）像基督的: showing Christlike humility （表现出）像基督那样谦卑的. christen / 5krIsn; `krIsn/ v 1 [Tn] receive (sb) into the Christian Church by sprinkling water on his head and giving him a name 为（某人）施洗礼（在头上洒水并为之命名以加入基督教）. Cf 参 看 baptize. 2 [esp passive 尤用于被动语态: Tn, Cn.n] (a) give a name to (sb) at such a ceremony （在洗礼仪式上）为（某人）命名: The child was christened Mary. 这孩子洗礼时命名为玛丽. (b) give a name to (esp a ship when it is launched) 为（尤指下水的轮船）命名. 3 [Tn] (fig infml 比喻, 口) use (sth) for the first time 第一次使用（某物）: Let's have a drink to christen our new sherry glasses. 让我们为使用我们新的雪利酒杯喝点儿酒. christening / 5krIsnIN; `krIsnIN/ n ceremony in which sb is christened; baptism 洗礼（给某人施洗礼 命名的仪式）: [attrib 作定语] a christening service 洗礼仪式. Christendom / 5krIsndEm; `krIsndEm/ n [sing] (fml 文) (a) all Christian people throughout the world （全世界所有的）基督教徒. (b) (dated 旧) the Christian countries of the world （全世界的）基督 教国家. =>Usage at Christian 用法见Christian. Christian / 5krIstFEn; 5krIstFEn/ adj 1 of or based on the teachings of Christ or the doctrines of Christianity 基督教导的; 根据基督教导的; 基督教义的; 根据基督教义的: the Christian Church, faith, religion 基督教教堂、基督教的信仰、基督教* a Christian upbringing 基督教义的熏陶. 2 of or believing in the Christian religion 基督教的; 信仰基督教的: a Christian country 信仰基督 教的国家. 3 of Christians 基督教徒的: the Christian sector of the city 城市的基督教徒区. 4 showing the qualities of a Christian; kind and humane 表现出基督徒的品质的; 仁慈与慈悲的: That's not a very Christian way to behave. 那可不太像基督徒的行为. Christian n. 1 person who believes in the Christian religion 信仰基督教的人; 基督徒. 2 (infml 口) person who has Christian qualities 有基督徒品质的人. Christianity / 9krIstI5AnEtI; 9krIstFI`AnEtI/ n [U] 1 the religion based on the belief that Christ was the son of God, and on his teachings 基督教（基于相信基督是上帝之子并信仰其教导的宗教）: She was converted to Christianity. 她已皈依基督教. 2 (a) being a Christian 基督徒身分: He derives strength from his Christianity. 他身为基督徒而从中获得力量. (b) Christian character or qualities 基 督徒的特性或品质. the Christian Era the period of history from the birth of Christ to the present day 基督纪元; 公元. Christian name (US also given name) name given to sb when he is christened; first name 教名（洗礼时所取者）; 名字. =>Usage at name1 用法见name1. Christian Science religious system which claims that disease can be cured through Christian faith, without medical treatment 基督教科学派（主张靠基督教的信仰无须医药即可治愈疾病的教派）. Christian Scientist person who believes in this system 基督教科学派信徒. Christianity NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Christianity, Islam and Judaism are the names of religions or faiths followed by Christians, Muslims and Jews respectively. *Christianity 、 Islam 、 Judaism 是分 别由基督教徒、伊斯兰教徒、犹太教徒信奉的宗教或信仰. The word Christendom, which is now dated, refers to all Christian countries or all Christians in the world. *Christendom 一词现已过时, 意 为世界上所有的基督教国家或所有的基督教徒. Historically it has been used to mean the whole world from a European point of view 从欧洲人的观点来看, 这个词在历史上用以指全世界: Rome was the greatest city in all Christendom. 罗马是当时世界上最伟大的城市. Jewry is the collective name for all Jews *Jewry 是全体犹太人的统称: British Jewry 英国的犹太人. Muhammedanism (now dated) is an alternative name for Islam, used particularly by non-Muslims *Muhammedanism 一 词（现已过时）是Islam 的别称, 尤为非穆斯林所使用. Christmas / 5krIsmEs; `krIsmEs/ n 1 (also ,Christmas `Day) annual celebration by Christians of the birth of Christ (on 25 December) 圣诞节（12 月25 日）: [attrib 作定语] Christmas dinner, presents 圣 诞节晚餐、礼物. 2 (also `Christmas-time, `Christmas-tide) period of several days before and after Christmas Day 圣诞节节期（圣诞节前后的几天）: spend Christmas with one's family 和全家一起 过圣诞节 * [attrib 作定语] the Christmas holidays 圣诞节假期. Christmassy / 5krIsmEsI; `krIsmEsI/ adj (infml 口) typical of Christmas; looking festive 有圣诞节特 点的; 像节日的. Christmas box n. (Brit) small gift, usu of money, given at Christmas, esp to sb (eg a postman or a milkman) who provides a service throughout the year 圣诞节的节礼（通常为赏钱, 尤指酬谢全年服 务的人, 如邮递员或送牛奶的人）. Christmas cake rich fruit cake, usu covered with marzipan and icing and eaten at Christmas 圣诞节蛋糕（多水果的糕 饼, 通常覆有杏仁蛋白糊、糖霜等, 于圣诞节食用）. Christmas card greetings card sent to friends at Christmas 圣诞卡. Christmas cracker = cracker 2b. Christmas Eve ( evening of the) day before Christmas Day, 24 December 圣诞节前夕, 圣诞夜（圣 诞节的前一天, 12 月24 日或当晚）. Christmas pudding rich steamed pudding made with dried fruit and eaten at Christmas 圣诞节布丁（乾果制成的蒸糕, 于圣诞节食用）. Christmas tree evergreen or artificial tree decorated with lights, tinsel, etc at Christmas 圣诞树（圣诞节时摆设的常 绿树或人造树, 装饰有灯、闪光的金属丝、片等）. chromatic / krEU5mAtIk; kro`mAtIk/ adj 1 (a) of colour 有颜色的. (b) in bright colours 颜色鲜艳 的. 2 (music 音) having the notes of the chromatic scale 有半音阶的; 半音的. chromatic scale ( music 音) series of notes rising or falling in semitones 半音音阶. chrome / krEUm; krom/ n [U] 1 chromium (esp when used as a protective coating on other metals) 铬. 2 yellow colouring matter obtained from a compound of chromium and used in paints 铬黄. chrome steel alloy of steel and chromium 铬钢. chromium / 5krEUmIEm; `kromIEm/ n [U] metallic chemical element used in making alloys (such as stainless steel) and as a shiny protective coating on other metals 铬: chromium plating, eg on a car bumper 镀铬（如在汽车保险杠上） * chromium-plated 镀铬的. =>App 10 见附录10. chromosome / 5krEUmEsEUm; `kromE9som/ n (biology 生) any of the tiny threads or rods in animal and plant cells, carrying genes 染色体. chron(o)- : comb form 构词成分of or relating to time 时间的; 有关时间的: chronology * chronometer. chronic / 5krCnIk; `krBnIk/ adj 1 (esp of a disease) lasting for a long time; continually recurring （尤指疾病）长期的, 慢性的; 连续复发的: chronic bronchitis, arthritis, etc 慢性支气管炎、关节 炎等 * the country's chronic unemployment problem 国家的长期失业问题. Cf 参看acute. having had a disease or a habit for a long time 长期患病的; 长期有某种习惯的: a chronic alcoholic, invalid, etc 长期酗酒的、病弱的等. 3 (Brit sl 俚) very bad 极坏的: The film was absolutely chronic. 这个电影糟透了. chronically / 5krCnIklI; `krBnIklI/ adv: the chronically ill 患有慢性病的. chronicle / 5krCnIkl; `krBnIkl/ n (often pl 常作复数) record of historical events in the order in which they happened 编年史: He consulted the chronicles of the period. 他参考了这一时期的编年史. chronicle v. [Tn] record (sth) in a chronicle 将（某事物）载入编年史: chronicling the events of a war 把战争中的重大事件载入编年史中. chronicler / 5krC-nIklE(r); `krBnIklL/ n. chronological / 9krCnE5lCdVIkl; 9krBnE`lBdVIkl/ adj arranged in the order in which they occurred 按时间的前后顺序排列的: a chronological list of Shakespeare's plays, ie in the order in which they were written 莎士比亚戏剧的编年表. chronologically / -klI; -klI/ adv. chronology / krE5nClEdVI; krE`nBlEdVI/ n 1 [U] science of fixing the dates of historical events 年 代学. 2 [C] arrangement or list of events in the order in which they occurred 年表: a chronology of Mozart's life 莫札特生平年表. chronometer / krE5nCmItE(r); krE`nBmEtL/ n instrument that keeps very accurate time, used esp for navigating at sea 极准确的记时仪器; （尤指用于航海的）精密记时计; 天文钟. chrysalis / 5krIsElIs; `krIslIs/ n (pl ~es) 1 form of an insect at the stage of its life when it changes from a grub to an adult insect, esp a butterfly or moth; pupa 蛹; （尤指）蝶蛹, 蛾蛹. =>illus at butterfly 见butterfly 之插图. 2 hard case that encloses an insect during this stage 蛹壳. 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