TransGood-Translation memory software Trados, SDL, ForeignDesk, Wordfast, WordFisher, Déjà Vu (DVX), 译佳计算机辅助翻译软件, 雅信CAT TransGood, TransMemory, Translation Software Tools, Computer-assisted translation, computer-aided translation, CAT, machine-aided translation, Translation memory software, Terminology management software, Alignment software, Software localization tools, ?bersetzung Software, Logiciels de traduction, Software di traduzione, Traducción de Software, Mémoire de traduction, Tradu??o memória, Memoria de traducción, Memoria di traduzione, Перевод Software, ForeignDesk, Okapi Framework, OmegaT, Transolution, AidTransStudio, Cafetran, Déjà Vu (DVX), Heartsome Translation Suite, MemoQ, MetaTexis, Rainbow, SDLX, SDL, STAR Transit, Trados, SDL Trados, Wordfast, WordFisher, Similis, Open Language Tools, 翻訳ソフトウェア, 翻訳メモリ, 翻译软件 辅助翻译软件 计算机辅助翻译软件 人工智能翻译 翻译工具 专业翻译软件 翻译记忆软件 塔多思 Trados SDL WordFast 雅信CAT 翻译公司 牛津词典 Oxford Dictionary chrysanthemum / krI5sAnWEmEm; krIs`AnWEmEm/ n (a) garden plant with brightly coloured flowers 菊花. (b) one of these flowers 菊花（花朵）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1 之插图, page ii. chub / tFQb; tFQb/ n (pl unchanged 复数不变) small freshwater fish with a thick body 查布鱼（一种 小型体粗的淡水鱼）. chubby / 5tFQbI; `tFQbI/ adj (-ier, -iest) round and plump; slightly fat 圆胖丰满的; 稍胖的: chubby cheeks 圆胖脸* a chubby child 胖乎乎的孩子. =>Usage at fat1 用法见fat1. chubbiness n. [U]. chuck / tFQk; tFQk/ v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p, Dn.n] (infml 口) throw (sth) carelessly or casually （胡乱 地或随便地）扔、抛（某物）: Chuck it in the bin! 把它扔到垃圾桶里去! * chuck old clothes away/out 把旧衣服扔掉[出去] * Chuck me (over) the newspaper if you've finished reading it. 你看 完了报就扔给我. 2 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sb/sth (in/up) (infml 口) give up sb/sth; abandon 放弃某人[某事 物]; 抛弃: She's just chucked her boy-friend, ie ended her relationship with him. 她刚刚甩了男朋友. * He chucked in his job last week. 上星期他辞掉了工作. 3 (idm 习语) chuck it (sl 俚) stop doing sth immediately 立即停止做某事物: I'm sick of your sarcastic remarks just chuck it (ie stop making them), will you? 我已经听腻了你的冷嘲热讽--别说了, 行吗? chuck sb under the chin touch or stroke sb lovingly or playfully under the chin 爱抚或抚弄某人的下巴. 4 (phr v) chuck sb out (of sth) (infml 口) force sb to leave (a place) 迫使某人离开（某地）; 撵走: They were chucked out of the pub for being too rowdy. 他们因为太吵闹被撵出酒馆. * He failed his exams and was chucked out of university. 他考试不及格, 被大学开除. chuck n. 1 playful touch or stroke under the chin 抚弄或抚摸下巴. 2 (idm 习语) give sb/get the chuck (infml 口) dismiss or reject sb/be dismissed or rejected 辞退或拒绝某人[被辞退或拒绝]. chucker-out / 9tFQkEr 5aUt; 9tFQkL`aJt/ n (infml 口) person whose job is to remove troublesome people from public-houses, meetings, etc （受雇从酒馆、会议等中撵走捣乱者的）保安人员. chuck / tFQk; tFQk/ n (a) part of a lathe that grips the object to be worked on 卡盘, 夹盘（车床上用 以夹住工件的部分）. (b) part of a drill that grips the bit 夹头（钻或钻床上用以夹住钻头的部分）. =>illus at drill 见drill 之插图. chuck / tFQk; tFQk/ n [U] (also `chuck steak) cut2(5) of beef taken from the neck to the ribs （牛的从 颈到肋骨的）颈肉. chuckle / 5tFQkl; `tFQkl/ v [I, Ipr] laugh quietly or to oneself 轻声地笑; 暗自笑: He chuckled (to himself) as he read the newpaper. 他看报时暗暗（独自）发笑. * What are you chuckling about? 你 独自笑什麽? =>Usage at chortle 用法见chortle. chuckle n. quiet or partly suppressed laugh 轻声的笑; 忍俊不禁: She gave a chuckle of delight. 她高兴得笑出声来. chuffed / tFQft; tFQft/ adj [pred 作表语] ~ (about/at sth) (Brit infml 口) very pleased 愉快: look/feel chuffed 看起来[感到]很愉快* She was chuffed at/about getting a pay rise. 她因获加薪而洋洋得 意. chug / tFQg; tFQ-/ v (-gg-) 1 [I] make the short dull repeated sound of an engine running slowly （发动机缓慢运转时）发出（持续而单调的）短声; 发出突突声. 2 (phr v) chug along, down, up, etc move steadily in the specified direction while making this sound （发出突突声朝某方向）稳稳行 进: The boat chugged along the canal. 小船稳稳地顺著运河突突地航行. chug n. sound made by a chugging engine （发动机缓慢运转时发出的）突突声. chum / tFQm; tFQm/ n (infml 口) close friend 好友: an old school chum 老同学. chum v. (-mm-) (phr v) chum up (with sb) (infml 口) become very friendly (with sb) （与某人）成 为好友. chummy adj. (infml 口) very friendly 非常友好的. chummily adv. chumminess n. [U]. chump / tFQmp; tFQmp/ n 1 (infml 口) foolish person 傻瓜; 笨蛋: Don't be such a chump! 不要 这麽傻了! 2 short thick block of wood 短而厚的木块. 3 (Brit also ,chump `chop) thick end of a loin of lamb or mutton 羊腰部的厚肉. 4 (idm 习语) off one's `chump (dated Brit sl 旧, 俚) crazy 发疯; 发狂. chunk / tFQNk; tFQNk/ n 1 thick solid piece cut or broken off sth （从某物上切下或折下的）大块: a chunk of bread, meat, ice, wood, etc 一大块面包、肉、冰、木头等. 2 (infml 口) fairly large amount (of sth) （某物）相当大的部分: I've completed a fair chunk of my article. 我已经把文章的 一大部分写完了. chunky / 5tFQNkI; `tFQNkI/ adj (-ier, -iest) 1 having a short thick body; stocky 身体短粗的; 矮胖 的; 敦实的: a chunky footballer 敦实的足球运动员. 2 containing chunks of fruit, etc 含有大块水 果等的: chunky marmalade 橙块果酱. 3 (of clothes) made of thick bulky (usu woollen) material （指衣物）用厚而蓬松材料（通常为毛料）制的: a chunky sweater 厚毛衣. chunkily adv: He's chunkily built. 他长得很结实. chunkiness n. [U]. church / 5tF\:tF; tF[tF/ n 1 [C] building used for public Christian worship 教堂: The procession moved into the church. 人们陆续进入教堂. * [attrib 作定语] a church steeple 教堂的尖顶 * a church service 教堂的礼拜仪式. =>illus at App 1 见附录1 之插图, page viii. 2 [U] service in such a building; public worship （教堂的）礼拜仪式; （会众的）礼拜: Church begins/is at 9 o'clock. 礼 拜仪式9 点开始. * How often do you go to church? 你隔多久去做一次礼拜? * They're in/at church, ie attending a service. 他们在做礼拜. =>Usage at school1 用法见school1. 3 the Church [sing] all Christians regarded as a group 全体基督教徒: The Church has a duty to condemn violence. 基督徒 有责任谴责暴力. 4 Church [C] particular group of Christians; denomination 基督教教派; 派别: the Anglican Church 英国国教; 圣公会* the Catholic Church 天主教* the Free Churches 自由 教会. 5 the Church [sing] (a) (esp the Christian) religion regarded as an established institution （尤 指基督教的）教会, 宗教: the conflict between (the) Church and (the) State 政教冲突. (b) the ministers of the Christian religion; the clergy or clerical profession 基督教牧师; 教士; 神职: go into/enter the Church, ie become a Christian minister 开始担任神职（成为基督教牧师）. churchgoer n. person who goes to church services regularly 按时去教堂做礼拜的人. the Church of England the established Protestant Church in England; the Anglican Church 英国国教会; 圣公会. churchwarden n. (in a Church of England parish) one of usu two elected officials responsible for church money and property （英国国教教区的）教会执事（通常为选出的两名执事之一, 负责教 会财务和财产）. churchyard n. enclosed area of land round a church, often used for burials 教堂的庭院（常用作墓 地）. churl / tF\:l; tF[l/ n (dated 旧) bad-mannered or bad-tempered person 举止或脾气不佳的人; 粗暴的 人. churlish adj: It seems churlish to refuse such a generous offer. 拒绝这样慷慨的建议未免有些失礼. churlishly adv. churlishness n. [U]. churn / tF\:n; tF[n/ n 1 machine in which milk or cream is beaten to make butter 搅乳器（用以搅拌 牛奶或乳脂以制成黄油的机器）. 2 (Brit) large (usu metal) container in which milk is carried from a farm 奶桶（通常为金属的）. churn v. 1 [Tn] (a) beat (milk or cream) to make butter 搅拌（牛奶或乳脂）以制黄油. (b) make (butter) in this way （用此种方法）制（黄油）. 2 (a) [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) cause sth to move violently; stir or disturb sth 使某物猛动; 搅动; 扰乱某物: motor boats churning (up) the peaceful waters of the bay 激荡著海湾平静水面的汽艇* The earth had been churned up by the wheels of the tractor. 拖拉机轮子把泥土掀了起来. * (fig 比喻) The bitter argument left her feeling churned up (ie agitated and upset) inside. 这场激烈的争论使她忐忑不安. (b) [I] (esp of liquids) move about violently （尤指液体）翻腾: the churning waters of a whirlpool 旋涡翻腾的水 * His stomach churned with nausea. 他的胃翻腾欲呕. 3 (phr v) churn sth out (infml 口) produce sth (usu of bad quality) in large amounts 大量生产某物（通常质量恶劣）; 粗制滥造: She churns out romantic novels. 她写了很多浪漫小说, 质量很差. chute / Fu:t; Fut/ n 1 sloping or vertical passage down which things can slide or be dropped （物件 可以滑下或落下的）斜的或垂直的通道, 斜道, 滑道, 斜槽, 立槽: a rubbish chute, eg from the upper storeys of a high building 垃圾滑道（如高层建筑自上面各层通到下面的管道）. 2 (infml 口) parachute 降落伞. chutney / 5tFQtnI; `tFQtnI/ n [U] hot-tasting mixture of fruit, vinegar, sugar and spices, eaten with curries, cold meat, cheese, etc 酸辣酱（水果、醋、糖和香料的混合物, 与咖喱、冷肉、奶酪 等一起食用）: green tomato chutney 绿西红柿酸辣酱. CI abbr. 缩写= (Brit) Channel Islands (Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney and Sark) 海峡群岛（泽西、根 西、奥尔德尼、萨克等四岛）: St Peter Port, Guernsey, CI, eg in an address 海峡群岛根西岛圣 彼得港（如用于通讯处）. CIA / 9si: aI 5eI; 9si aI `e/ abbr 缩写= (US) Central Intelligence Agency 中央情报局: working for the CIA 为中央情报局工作. Cf 参看 FBI. cicada / sI5kB:dE; ?@ sI5keIdE; sI`kedE/ n insect like a grasshopper, common in hot countries, the male of which makes a shrill chirping noise 蝉. cicatrice / 5sIkEtrIs; `sIkEtrIs/ (also cicatrix/ 5sIkEtrIks;`sIkEtrIks/) n (pl -trices/ sIkE5traIsi:z; sIkE`traIsiz/) scar left by a wound that has healed 疤; 伤痕; 疤痕. CID / 9si: aI 5di:; 9si aI `di/ abbr 缩写= (Brit) Criminal Investigation Department 刑事调查局: an inspector from the CID 刑事调查局的调查员. -cide comb form 构词成分 (forming ns 用以构成名词) 1 act of killing sb 杀（人）: genocide * patricide. 2 person or thing that kills 可致死的人或物: insecticide * fungicide. -cidal comb form 构词成分 (forming adjs 用以构成形容词) of or related to killing 杀的; 有关杀的: homicidal. cider / 5saIdE(r); `saIdL/ n 1 (also cyder) [U] drink made from fermented apple-juice 苹果酒: dry/sweet cider 不甜的[甜的]苹果酒 * [attrib 作定语] cider apples 制酒的苹果. Cf 参看 perry. 2 [U] (US also sweet cider) non-alcoholic drink made from apples 苹果汁. 3 [C] drink or glass of either of these 一些或一杯苹果酒或苹果汁: Two ciders, please. 请来两杯苹果酒. cider-press n. machine for squeezing the juice from apples 苹果榨汁器. cif / 9si: aI 5ef; 9si aI `Zf/ abbr 缩写 = (commerce 商) cost, insurance, freight (included in the price) 到岸价（包括成本、保险费、运费）: The invoice was for 35 cif. 发票为到岸价35 英镑. cigar / sI5gB:(r); sI`-Br/ n tight roll of tobacco leaves for smoking 雪茄烟: [attrib 作定语] the smell of cigar smoke 雪茄烟的气味. cigarette (US also cigaret) / 9sIgE5ret; ?@ 5sIgEret;`sI-E9rZt/ n roll of shredded tobacco enclosed in thin paper for smoking 纸烟; 香烟; 烟卷. cigarette-case n. small flat (usu metal) box for holding cigarettes 香烟盒（装香烟的小扁盒, 通常 为金属的）. cigarette-holder n. tube in one end of which a cigarette may be put for smoking 烟嘴. cigarette-lighter (also lighter) n. device that produces a small flame for lighting cigarettes and cigars 打火机. cigarette-paper n. [C, U] (piece of) thin paper in which tobacco is rolled to make cigarettes 卷烟纸. cinch / sIntF; sIntF/ n (sl 俚) 1 easy task 容易做的事情: `How was the exam?' `It was a cinch!' ｀ 考试怎麽样?＇｀很容易!＇ 2 sure or certain thing 必然发生的事: He's a cinch to win the race. 他 肯定会赢得这次比赛. 3 (US) = girth 2. cinch v. [Tn] (US) fasten a girth(2) on (a horse) 给（马）系上肚带. cinder / 5sIndE(r); `sIndL/ n 1 [C] small piece of partly burnt coal, wood, etc that is no longer burning but may still be hot 煤渣, 炭渣, 炉渣等（不再燃烧但仍可能有余热）. 2 cinders [pl] ashes 灰. 3 (idm 习语) burn, etc sth to a `cinder cook (food) until it is hard and black 将（食物）做胡: The cakes were burnt to a cinder. 饼烤胡了. cinder-track n. running-track made with finely crushed cinders 灰渣跑道. Cinderella / 9sIndE5relE; 9sIndE`rZlE/ n 1 girl or woman whose beauty or abilities have not been recognized 灰姑娘; （美貌或能力未被赏识的）女子. 2 person or thing that has been persistently neglected 长期被忽视的人或物; 被埋没的人: This department has been the Cinderella of the company for far too long. 这个部门在公司不受重视由来已久. cine- : comb form 构词成分 of the cinema 电影的: cine-projector. cine-camera / 5sInI kAmErE; `sInI 9kAmErE/ n camera used for taking moving pictures 电影摄影机. cine-film / 5sInI fIlm; `sInI 9fIlm/ n [C, U] film used for taking moving pictures 电影胶片. cine-projector / 5sInI prEdVektE(r); `sInI prE9dVZktL/ n machine for showing moving pictures on a screen 电影放映机. cinema / 5sInEmB:, 5sInEmE; `sInEmE/ n 1 [C] (US movie house, movie theatre) building in which motion-picture films are shown 电影院: go to the cinema, ie to see a film 去看电影. 2 (also the cinema) [sing] (esp Brit) (US the movies) films as an art-form or an industry 电影艺术; 电影业: She's interested in (the) cinema. 她对电影艺术很感兴趣. * He works in the cinema. 他从事电影业. cinematic / 9sInE5mtIk; 9sInI`mAtIk/ adj of or relating to cinema 电影的; 有关电影的. cinematography / 9sInEmE5tCgrEfI; 9sInEmE`tB-rEfI/ n [U] art or science of making motion-picture films 摄制电影的艺术. cinematographer / 9sInEmE5tCgrEfE(r);9sInEmE`tB-rEfL/ n. cinematographic / 9sInEmtE-5grfIk; 9sInE9mAtE`-rAfIk/ adj. cinnamon / 5sInEmEn; `sInEmEn/ n 1 (a) [U] spice made from the inner bark of a SE Asian tree 桂 皮. (b) [C] this tree 肉桂; 桂. 2 [U] yellowish-brown colour 黄褐色. cipher (also cypher) / 5saIfE(r); `saIfL/ n 1 (a) [C, U] (method of) secret writing in which a set of letters or symbols is used to represent others; code 密码编写（的方法）; 密码: a message in cipher 密码信. (b) [C] message written in this way 用密码写的信息. (c) [C] key1(5b) to a secret message 密码索引; 密码检索本. 2 [C] the symbol 0, representing nought or zero 0（代表无或零的符号）; 零. 3 [C] any of the numbers from 1 to 9 从1 至9 的任何阿拉伯数字. 4 [C] (fig derog 比喻, 贬) person or thing of no importance 不重要的人或物: a mere cipher 无足轻重的人. cipher v. [Tn] write (a message) in secret writing; encode 用密码书写（信息）; 译成密码. circa / 5s\:kE; `s[kE/ prep (Latin 拉) (abbrs 缩写c, ca) (with dates) about （与日期连用）大约: born circa 150 BC 生于公元前约150 年. circle / 5s\:kl; `s[kl/ n 1 (round space enclosed by a) curved line every point on which is the same distance from the centre 圆周; 圆; 圆形空间: Use your compasses to draw a circle. 用圆规画圆. =>App 5 见附录5. =>illus 见插图. 2 thing shaped like this; ring 圆形物; 环; 圈: a circle of trees, hills, spectators 一圈树、小山、旁观者* standing in a circle 站成一圈. 3 (US balcony) group of seats in curved and banked rows raised above the floor level of a theatre, cinema, concert-hall, etc 楼 厅包厢（剧院、电影院、音乐厅等的半圆形楼座）: We've booked seats in the circle. 我们预订 了楼厅包厢的座位. =>illus at App 1 见附录1 之插图, page ix. 4 group of people who are connected by having the same interests, profession, etc （有共同兴趣、职业等的人形成的）圈子, 阶 层, 界: be well known in business, political, theatrical, etc circles, ie among people connected with business, politics, the theatre, etc 在商、政、戏剧等界中知名* move in fashionable circles 进入 上层社会* She has a large circle of friends. 她交游很广. 5 (idm 习语) come full circle => full. go round in `circles work busily at a task without making any progress 工作忙忙碌碌而无进展; 瞎 忙. square the circle => square3. a vicious circle => vicious. circle v. 1 [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (about/around/round) (over sb/sth) move in a circle, esp in the air 转圈（尤 指在空中）; 盘旋; 环行: vultures circling (round) over a dead animal 在死的动物上空盘旋的秃鹫. 2 [Tn] (a) move in or form a circle round (sb/sth) 围绕（某人[某物]）转圈; 盘旋; 环行: The plane circled the airport before landing. 飞机著陆前围绕机场盘旋. * The moon circles the earth every 28 days. 月亮每28 天绕地球一圈. * a town circled by hills 群山环绕的城镇. (b) draw a circle round (sth) 围绕（某物）画圈: spelling mistakes circled in red ink 用红笔圈起的拼写错误. circlet / 5s\:klIt; `s[klIt/ n circular band, eg of precious metal, flowers, etc, worn round the head as an ornament 圆箍饰环（如贵金属、花等制的）. circuit / 5s\:kIt; `s[kIt/ n 1 line, route or journey round a place 围绕一地方的线、路线或旅程; 周 线; 圈: The circuit of the city walls is three miles. 环绕本市城墙的周长是三英里. * The earth takes a year to make a circuit of (ie go round) the sun. 地球绕太阳一周需要一年时间. * She ran four circuits of the track. 她在跑道上跑了四圈. 2 (a) complete path along which an electric current flows 电路: There must be a break in the circuit. 电路中一定有断路. (b) apparatus with a sequence of conductors, valves, etc, through which an electric current flows 电器装置: [attrib 作定语] a circuit diagram, ie one showing the connections in such an apparatus 电路图. 3 (a) regular journey made by a judge round a particular area to hear cases in court 巡回审判（法官定期巡回某地区）: go on circuit, ie make this journey 进行巡回审判 * [attrib 作定语] a circuit judge 巡回法官. (b) area covered by such a journey 巡回审判地区. 4 (in sport) series of tournaments in which the same players regularly take part 联赛: the American golf circuit 美国高尔夫球联赛. 5 group of Methodist churches sharing the same preachers within a particular area （在某地区有同一批传教士 的）卫理公会组织. circuit-breaker n. automatic device for interrupting an electric current 断路器（自动切断电路的装 置）. circuit training method of training using a series of different athletic exercises 循环训练法（用一系列体育项目锻炼 的方法）. circuitous / sE5kju:ItEs; sL`kjuItEs/ adj (fml 文) long and indirect; roundabout 迂回的; 绕行的: a circuitous route 迂回的路线. circuitously adv. circular / 5s\:kjUlE(r); `s[kjElL/ adj 1 shaped like a circle; round 圆形的; 环绕的. 2 moving round a circle 环程移动的; 循环的: a circular tour, ie one taking a route that brings travellers back to the starting-point 环程旅行. 3 (of reasoning) using the point it is trying to prove as evidence for its conclusion （指推理）循环论证的: a circular argument 循环论证. 4 [usu attrib 通常作定语] sent to a large number of people 送达很多人的; 传阅的: a circular letter 传阅的信件. circular n. printed letter, notice or advertisement sent to a large number of people （送达很多人的） 印刷信件、通知或宣传品; 传阅文件. circularity / 9s\:kjU5lrEtI; 9s[kjE`lArEtI/ n [U]. circularize, -ise / 5s\:kjUlEraIz; `s[kjElE9raIz/ v [Tn] send a circular to (sb) 发通知给（某人）. circular saw n. rotating metal disc with a serrated edge used for cutting wood, etc 圆锯. circulate / 5s\:kjUleIt; `s[kjE9let/ v 1 (a) [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] (cause sth to) go round continuously （使 某物）循环: Blood circulates through the body. 血液在体内循环. (b) [I] move about freely 流通: open a window to allow the air to circulate 开窗使空气流通. 2 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] (cause sth to) pass from one place, person, etc to another （使某事物）流传, 传播: The news of her death circulated (ie spread) quickly. 她死去的消息迅速传开. * The host and hostess circulated (among their guests). 男 女主人（在客人间）走来走去招待客人. * circulate a letter 传阅信件. 3 [Tn] inform (sb) by means of a circular 发通知告知（某人）: Have you been circulated with details of the conference? 你收到 会议详情的通知了吗? circulation / 9s\:kjU5leIFn; 9s[kjE`leFEn/ n 1 [C, U] movement of blood round the body from and back to the heart 血液循环: have (a) good/bad circulation 血液循环良好[不佳]. 2 [U] (a) passing of sth from one person or place to another; spread 流传; 传播: the circulation of news, information, rumours, etc 新闻、信息、谣言的传播. (b) state of circulating or being circulated 流通: Police say a number of forged banknotes are in circulation. 警方称市面上有一定数量的伪钞. * Pound notes have been withdrawn from circulation. 一英镑面值的钞票已停止流通. * (fig 比喻) She's been ill but now she's back in circulation, ie going out and meeting people again. 她一直生病, 但现在又重 新参加活动了. 3 [C] number of copies of a newspaper, magazine, etc sold to the public 报纸、杂 志等售出的份数; 发行额; 销售量: a newspaper with a (daily) circulation of more than one million （日）销售量超过一百万份的报纸 * [attrib 作定语] circulation figures 销售数字. circulatory / 9s\:kjU5leItErI; ?@ 5s\:kjElEtR:rI; `s[kjElE-9tRrI/ adj of or relating to the circulation of blood 血液循环的; 有关血液循环的: circulatory disorders 血液循环失调. circumcise / 5s\:kEmsaIz; `s[kEm9saIz/ v [Tn] (a) cut off the foreskin of (a male person) as a religious rite or for medical reasons 切除（某男子）的包皮. (b) cut off the clitoris of (a female person) 切除 （某女子）的阴蒂. circumcision / 9s\:kEm5sIVn; 9s[kEm`sIVEn/ n [C, U] (action or ceremony of) circumcising 割礼; 包皮环切术; 阴蒂切除术. circumference / sE5kQmfErEns; sL`kQmfErEns/ n (a) line that marks out a circle or other curved figure1(2b) 周线; 周缘; 圆周. =>App 5 见附录5. (b) distance round this 周长: The circumference of the earth is almost 25000 miles/The earth is almost 25000 miles in circumference. 地球的圆周长 约为25000. =>illus at circle 见circle 之插图. Cf 参看 perimeter. circumflex / 5s\:kEmfleks; `s[kEm9flZks/ n (also circumflex accent) mark put over a vowel in French and some other languages to show how it is pronounced, as in role or fete （标在法文或其他文字元 音字母上）表示如何发音的符号（如在role 或fete 中的）. circumlocution / 9s\:kEmlE5kju:Fn; 9s[kEmlo`kjuFEn/ n [C, U] (instance of the) use of many words to say sth that could be said in a few words 累赘的说法; 迂回的说法. circumlocutory / 9s\:kEm5lCkjUtErI; 9s[kEm`lBkjE9tRrI/ adj. circumnavigate / 9s\:kEm5nAvIgeIt; 9s[kEm`nAvE9-et/v [Tn] (fml 文) sail round (esp the world) 环 绕（尤指地球）航行: Magellan was the first person to circumnavigate the globe. 麦哲伦是第一个环 球航行的人. circumnavigation / 9s\:kEm9nAvI5geIFn; 9s[kEm9nAvE`-eFEn/ n [C, U]. circumscribe / 5s\:kEmskraIb; 9s[kEm`skraIb/ v [Tn] 1 (fml 文) restrict (sth) within limits; confine 将（某事物）限制于一定范围内; 约束: a life circumscribed by poverty 受制于贫穷的一生. draw a line round (a geometrical figure) so that it touches all the outside points 画（几何图形的）外 接圆: circumscribe a square 画正方形的外接圆. circumscription / 9s\:kEm5skrIpFn; 9s[kEm`skrIpFEn/ n [U] circumscribing or being circumscribed 限制; 受限制; 画外接圆. circumspect / 5s\:kEmspekt; `s[kEm9spZkt/ adj [usu pred 通常作表语] considering everything carefully before acting; cautious; wary 小心; 慎重; 细心. circumspection / 9s\:kEm5spekFn; 9s[kEm`spZkFEn/ n [U] caution; prudence 小心; 谨慎: proceeding with great circumspection 小心谨慎地进行. circumspectly adv. circumstance / 5s\:kEmstEns; `s[kEm9stEns/ n 1 [C usu pl 通常作复数] condition or fact connected with an event or action 环境; 情形; 情况: What were the circumstances of/surrounding her death? ie Where, when and how did she die? 她是在什麽情况下死的? （她是在何地、何时及如何死的?） * She was found dead in suspicious circumstances, ie She may have been murdered. 她死的情形可疑 （她可能是被谋杀的）. * He was a victim of circumstance(s), ie What happened to him was beyond his control. 他是客观环境的牺牲者（他所遇到的事是他无法控制的）. * Circumstances forced us to change our plans. 客观情况迫使我们改变了计划. 2 circumstances [pl] financial position 经济状 况: What are his circumstances? 他的经济状况如何? * in easy/poor circumstances, ie having much/not enough money 处于富裕[贫穷]境况. 3 (idm 习语) in/under the `circumstances this being the case; such being the state of affairs 在这种情况下; 情形既然如此: Under the circumstances (eg because the salary offered was too low) he felt unable to accept the job. 在这种情 况下（如所提的薪金太低）, 他觉得无法接受这项工作. * She coped well in the circumstances, eg even though she was feeling ill. 她在这种情况下仍处理得当（如虽然身体不适）. in/under no circumstances in no case; never 在任何情况下决不; 无论如何不: Under no circumstances should you lend him any money. 你无论如何都不该把钱借给他. in straitened circumstances => straitened. pomp and circumstance => pomp. circumstantial / 9s\:kEm5stAnFl; 9s[kEm`stAnFEl/ adj 1 (of a description) giving full details （指描 述）详细的. 2 (of evidence) consisting of details that strongly suggest sth but do not prove it （指证 据）有充分细节却无法证实的: You can't convict a man of a crime on circumstantial evidence alone. 不能只靠旁证就判定一个人有罪. circumstantially / -nFElI; -nFElI/ adv. circumvent / 9s\:kEm5vent; 9s[kEm`vZnt/ v [Tn] (fml 文) find a way of overcoming or avoiding (sth) 设法克服或避免（某事物）; 规避; 回避: circumvent a law, rule, problem, difficulty 规避一法规、 规则、问题、困难. circumvention / 9s\:kEm5venFn; 9s[kEm`vZnFEn/ n [U]. circus / 5s\:kEs; `s[kEs/ n 1 (a) [CGp] travelling company of entertainers, including acrobats, riders, clowns and performing animals 马戏团. (b) the circus [sing] public performance given by such a company, usu in a large tent 马戏表演（通常在大帐篷中）: go to the circus 看马戏表演. 2 [C] (infml 口) scene of lively action 热闹的场面. 3 [C] (Brit) (in place-names 用于地名) open space in a town where several streets meet （城市中数条街道相会聚的）广场: Piccadilly Circus 皮卡迪 利广场. Cf 参看roundabout n 2. 4 [C] (in ancient Rome) round or oval arena for chariot racing and public games （古罗马）（圆形或椭圆形的）竞技场. citizen / 5sItIzn; `sItEzn/ n 1 person who has full rights as a member of a country, either by birth or by being granted such rights 公民: an American citizen 美国公民* She is German by birth but is now a French citizen. 她在德国出生而现在是法国公民. 2 person who lives in a town or city 市民: the citizens of Rome 罗马市民. 3 (esp US) = civilian. citizenship n. [U] (status of) being a citizen, esp of a particular country, with the rights and duties that involves 公民资格, 公民身分（尤指公民的权利和义务）: apply for/be granted British citizenship 申请[被给予]英国国籍. citizen's arrest arrest(1) made by a member of the public (allowable in certain cases under common law) 公民采取的 逮捕行动（根据英国法律中的普通法在某些情况下准许的）. citizens' band range of radio frequencies used by members of the public for local communication 民用无线电波段. citizen NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Citizen and subject both indicate a person who has the rights given by a state to its members, eg the right to vote. *citizen 和subject 二词均指享有国家给予的权利（如 选举权）的人. Subject is used when the state is ruled by a monarch. *subject 用于君主制国家. Citizen is used in all types of state but especially republics *citizen 用于任何类型的国家, 但尤用于共和国: a British subject/citizen 英国的臣民[公民] * a French citizen 法国的公民. citric acid / 9sItrIk 5AsId; 9sItrIk `AsId/ (chemistry 化) acid present in the juice of oranges, lemons, limes, etc 柠檬酸. citron / 5sItrEn; `sItrEn/ n 1 pale yellow fruit like a lemon but larger, less sour and with a thicker skin 枸橼; 香橼. 2 small Asian tree bearing this fruit 香橼树. citrus / 5sItrEs; `sItrEs/ n any of a group of related trees including the lemon, lime, orange and grapefruit 柑橘属果树: [attrib 作定语] citrus fruit 柑橘属水果. citrous adj. of or relating to these trees or their fruit 柑橘（树）的; 有关柑橘（树）的. city / 5sItI; `sItI/ n 1 [C] large and important town 城市; 都市; 市: Which is the world's largest city? 世界上最大的城市是哪个? * [attrib 作定语] the city `centre, ie the central area of a city 市中心. 2 [C] (a) (Brit) town with special rights given by royal charter and usu containing a cathedral 特许市 （由皇家特许状赋予特权, 且通常有大教堂的城市）: the city of York 约克特许市. (b) (US) town given special rights by State charter 特许市（由国家特许状赋予特权的城市）. 3 [CGp] all the people living in a city, as a group 全市居民: The city turned out to welcome back its victorious team. 全市居民倾城而出迎接凯旋球队. 4 the City [sing] the oldest part of London, now its commercial and financial centre 伦敦商业区（伦敦最古老的部分, 现为商业及金融中心）: She works in the City, eg as a stockbroker. 她在伦敦商业区工作（如做证券经纪人）. * The City reacted sharply to the fall in oil prices. 伦敦商业区对油价下跌反应强烈. 5 (idm 习语) the freedom of the city => freedom. city desk 1 (Brit) department of a newspaper dealing with financial news （报纸的）财经新闻部. 2 (US) department of a newspaper dealing with local news （报纸的）本地新闻部. city editor 1 (Brit) (on a newspaper) journalist responsible for financial news （报纸的）负责财经新闻的编辑. 2 (US) (on a newspaper) journalist responsible for local news （报纸的）负责本地新闻的编辑. city-state n. (formerly) independent state consisting of a city and the surrounding area (eg Athens in ancient times) （旧时）城邦（由一城市和周围地区组成的独立国家, 如古代雅典）. civet / 5sIvIt; `sIvIt/ n 1 (also `civet-cat) [C] small spotted catlike animal living in central Africa and S Asia 灵猫（产于中非和南亚）. 2 [U] strong-smelling substance obtained from its glands and used in making perfume 灵猫香（用做香料）. civic / 5sIvIk; `sIvIk/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] 1 of a town or city; municipal 集镇的; 城市的; 市的: a civic function, eg the opening of a new hospital by the mayor of a town 城市的庆典（如市长 为新医院剪彩）. 2 of citizens or citizenship 公民的; 公民身分的; 市民的: civic pride, ie citizens' pride in their town 市民的自豪（市民对自己城市的自豪）* civic duties, responsibilities etc 公民 的义务、责任. civics / 5sIvIks; `sIvIks/ n [sing v] study of municipal government and the rights and responsibilities of citizens 公民学（研究市政和公民的权利与责任的学科）. civic centre ( Brit) area in which the public buildings of a town (eg the town hall, library, etc) are grouped together 市中心（城市公共建筑, 如市政厅、图书馆等集中的地区）. civies = civvies. civil / 5sIvl; `sIvl/ adj 1 of or relating to the citizens of a country 公民的; 民间的; 国内的: civil disorder, eg rioting 民间的动乱* civil strife, eg fighting between different political or religious groups within a country 内乱. 2 of or relating to ordinary citizens rather than the armed forces or the Church 普通公民的（非军队的或教会的）; 文职的; 文官的: civil government 文官政府. polite and helpful 礼貌的; 助人的; 文明的: How very civil of you! 你多麽彬彬有礼呀! * Keep a civil tongue in your head! ie Don't speak rudely! 说话要文明有礼! 4 involving civil law rather than criminal law 民法的（非刑法的）: civil cases 民事案件* a civil court 民事诉讼法庭. Cf 参看 criminal 2 (crime). civility / sI5vIlEtI; sE`vIlEtI/ n [C, U] (fml 文) (act of) politeness 礼貌; 客气: You should show more civility to your host. 你是客人, 应该对主人有礼貌. civilly / 5sIvElI; `sIvlI/ adv politely 有礼貌地. civil defence organizing of civilians to protect people and property during air raids or other enemy attacks in wartime 民防. civil disobedience refusal to obey certain laws, pay taxes, etc, as a peaceful means of (esp political) protest （人民针对政 府的）非暴力反抗: a campaign of civil disobedience 非暴力反抗运动. civil engineering design and building of roads, railways, bridges, canals, etc 土木工程. ,civil engi`neer 土木工程师. civil law law dealing with the private rights of citizens, rather than with crime 民法. civil liberty individual's freedom of action, limited only by laws designed to protect the community 公民自由. civil list ( Brit) allowance of money made by Parliament for the household expenses of the Royal Family 王室年俸. civil marriage marriage which does not involve a religious ceremony but is recognized by law 公证结婚（未经宗教 仪式但为法律承认的婚姻）. civil rights rights of each citizen to freedom and equality (eg in voting and employment) regardless of sex, race or religion 公民权. ,civil `rights movement organized movement aiming to establish full civil rights for a particular group of citizens, eg for Blacks in the USA 民权运动. civil servant person employed by the Civil Service （政府中的）公务员, 文职人员, 文官. the Civil Service ( a) [sing] all government departments other than the armed forces （政府中的） 文职部门, 行政机关: She works in the Civil Service, eg in the Home Office. 她在政府行政机关中 工作（如在内政部）. (b) [Gp] all the people employed in these （政府文职部门中的）全体公务员: The Civil Service is/are threatening to strike. 政府行政部门的全体公务员威胁要举行罢工. civil war war between groups of citizens of the same country 内战: the Spanish Civil War 西班牙内战. civilian / sI5vIlIEn; sE`vIljEn/ n person not serving in the armed forces or the police force 平民, 百 姓（不在军队或警察部队中服役的人）: Two soldiers and one civilian were killed in the explosion. 在爆炸中有两个士兵和一个平民被炸死. * [attrib 作定语] He left the army and returned to civilian life. 他退伍后恢复平民生活. civilization, civilisation / 9sIvElaI5zeIFn; ?@ -ElI5z-;9sIvlE`zeFEn/ n 1 [U] becoming or making sb civilized 开化; 教化: The civilization of mankind has taken thousands of years. 人类经数千年才文 明开化. 2 (a) [U] (esp advanced) state of human social development （尤指高级的）文明, 文明阶 段. (b) [C] culture and way of life of a people, nation or period regarded as a stage in the development of organized society （一民族、国家或时期的）文化和生活方式: the civilizations of ancient Egypt and Babylon 古埃及和巴比伦文化. 3 [U] civilized conditions or society 文明的环境; 文明社会; 文明世界: live far from civilization, ie far from a large town or city 在远离文明世界的地方生活（远 离大城市） * (joc 谑) It's good to get back to civilization after living in a tent for two weeks! 在帐篷 里过了两个星期后, 又回到文明社会可真舒服! civilize, civilise / 5sIvElaIz; `sIvl9aIz/ v [Tn] 1 cause (sb/sth) to improve from a primitive stage of human society to a more developed one 使（某人[某物]）开化, 文明: civilize a jungle tribe 使丛林 部族开化. 2 improve the behaviour or manners of (sb); refine 改善（某人）的举止行为; 教化: His wife has had a civilizing influence on him. 他妻子对改进他言谈举止有潜移默化的影响. civilized, -ised / 5sIvElaIzd; `sIvl9aIzd/ adj polite; refined 有礼貌的; 文雅的: civilized society, behaviour 有礼貌的社会、行为. civvies (also civies) / 5sIvIz; `sIvIz/ n [pl] (dated Brit sl 旧, 俚) clothes worn by civilians, ie not military uniform 便服（平民穿的衣服, 即非军服）. Civvy Street / 5sIvI stri:t; `sIvI `strit/ (dated Brit sl 旧, 俚) civilian life 平民生活. cl abbr. 缩写= 1 (pl unchanged or cls 复数或不变或作cls) centilitre: 75 cl 75 厘升. 2 class: two 2nd cl tickets 两张二等票. clack / klAk; klAk/ n short sharp sound (as) of hard objects being struck together （硬物相碰的）短 促而尖锐的声响: the clack of high heels on a stone floor 高跟鞋在石地上的嗒嗒声* the clack of knitting needles, a typewriter 织针、打字机的啪嗒声. clack v. [I, Tn] (cause sth to) make this sound （使某物）作喀哒声: (fig 比喻) Pay no attention to clacking tongues, ie to people gossiping. 不理会叽叽喳喳的饶舌. clad / klAd; klAd/ adj 1 (used after an adv, with in and a noun, or in compounds 用于副词后, 与in 及名词连用或用于复合词) (dated or fml 旧或文) dressed; clothed 穿衣的: warmly, scantily clad 穿著暖暖的、单薄的* motor-cyclists clad in leather/leather-clad motor-cyclists 穿皮衣的摩托车 手. 2 (in compounds 用以构成复合词) (fml 文) covered 覆盖的: an ivy-clad tower 爬满常春藤 的塔* iron-clad battleships 装甲战列舰. cladding / 5klAdIN; `klAdIN/ n [U] protective covering applied to the surface of a material or the outside walls of a building 覆面（施加于材料表面或建筑物外壁的保护层）. claim / kleIm; klem/ v 1 (a) [Tn] demand or request (sth) because it is or one believes it is one's right or one's property 要求或索要（某事物）（因是应得的权利或财物）: claim diplomatic immunity, the protection of the law, etc 要求外交豁免、法律保护等* After the Duke's death, his eldest son claimed the title. 公爵死后, 其长子要求继承爵位. * She claims ownership (ie says she is the rightful owner) of the land. 她对这块土地的产权提出要求（称她是合法所有人）. * claim an item of lost property 认领丢失的财物 * (fig 比喻) Gardening claims (ie takes up) much of my time in the summer. 夏天, 园艺工作需要（占去）我大量时间. (b) [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (for sth) demand (money) under an insurance policy, as compensation, etc 凭保险单要求赔偿（款项）; 索赔: Have you claimed (the insurance) yet? 你索取（保险金）了吗? * You can always claim on the insurance. 反正出了事可按 保险索赔. * claim for damages 要求损害赔偿金. 2 [Tn, Tf, Tt] state or declare (sth) as a fact (without being able to prove it); assert 声称; 宣称; 断言: claim knowledge (ie to have knowledge) of sth 自称知道某事* After the battle both sides claimed victory. 战斗结束后, 双方均宣称获胜. * She claims (that) she is related to the Queen/claims to be related to the Queen. 她声称和女王有亲属 关系. 3 [Tn] (of things) need (sth); deserve （指事物）需要, 值得: important matters claiming one's attention 值得注意的重要事情. 4 [Tn] (of a disaster, an accident, etc) cause the loss or death of (sb) （指灾难、事故等）使（某人）失踪或死亡: The earthquake claimed thousands of lives/victims. 地 震夺去数以千计的[人]罹难者的生命. 5 (phr v) claim sth back ask for sth to be returned 要回某物; 索回: You can claim your money back if the goods are damaged. 货物有损坏, 可以要求退钱. claim / kleIm; klem/ n 1 [C] (a) ~ (for sth) demand for a sum of money (as insurance, compensation, a wage increase, etc) 索款（作为保险金、赔偿、增薪等）: put in/make a claim for damages, a pay rise, etc 提出损害赔偿、增薪等要求. (b) sum of money demanded 索要的金额: That's a very large claim! 索要的是一大笔钱! 2 [C, U] ~ (to sth); ~ (on sb/sth) right to sth 对某事物的权利: His claim to ownership is invalid. 他的所有权是无效的. * a claim to the throne 对获得王位的权利 * You have no claim on (ie no right to ask for) my sympathy. 你没有要我同情的权利. * His only claim to fame (ie The only remarkable thing about him) is that he once met Stalin. 他唯一出风头的 事是他与斯大林有一面之缘. 3 [C] statement of sth as a fact; assertion 称某事为事实的陈述; 声 称; 断言: Nobody believed his claim that he was innocent/to be innocent. 他说他清白, 谁也不相信. 4 [C] thing claimed, esp a piece of land 索要之物（尤指土地）. 5 (idm 习语) lay claim to sth (a) state that one has a right to sth 声称对某事物有权利: lay claim to an inheritance, an estate, a property, etc 声称对遗产、产业、财产等有权利. (b) (usu negative 通常作否定) state that one has knowledge, understanding, a skill, etc 自称有知识、智力、技能等: I lay no claim to being an expert economist. 我决不自命为经济学专家. stake a/one's claim => stake. claimant / 5kleImEnt; `klemEnt/ n person who makes a claim2(1a), esp in law 索偿者（尤指在法律 上）. clairvoyance / kleE5vRIEns; klZr`vRIEns/ n [U] supposedpower of seeing in the mind either future events or things that exist or are happening out of sight （超人的）视力, 洞察力. clairvoyant / kleE5vRIEnt; klZr`vRIEnt/ n, adj (person) having such power 有超人视力的（人）; 有 洞察力的（人）. clam / klAm; klAm/ n large shellfish with a hinged shell 蛤; 蛤蜊; 蚌. clam v. (-mm-) 1 [I] (US) (usu 通常作go clamming) dig for clams (on a beach) （在沙滩上）挖 蛤. 2 (phr v) clam up (infml 口) become silent; refuse to speak 沉默不语; 拒不说话: He always clammed up when we asked him about his family. 我们一问到他的家庭时, 他总是闭口不言. clambake n. (US) picnic on the sea-shore at which clams and other seafood are cooked and eaten 烤 蚌野餐（在海滨以蛤和其他海味为主的野餐）. clamber / 5klAmbE(r); `klAmbL/ v [I, Ipr, Ip] climb, esp with difficulty or effort, using the hands and feet 攀爬, 攀登（尤指艰难地或费力地）: The children clambered over the rocks. 孩子们吃力地爬 过了岩石. clamber n. (esp sing 尤作单数) difficult or awkward climb 困难的或麻烦的攀登. clammy / 5klAmI; `klAmI/ adj (-ier, -iest) unpleasantly moist and sticky; damp 又潮又黏的; 潮湿的: clammy hands 又湿又黏的手 * a face clammy with sweat 汗涔涔的脸 * clammy (ie close or humid) weather 潮湿的天气. clammily adv. clamminess n. [U]. clamour (US clamor) / 5klAmE(r); `klAmL/ n [C, U] 1 loud confused noise, esp of shouting 喧哗声 （尤指喊叫声）; 喧闹; 吵闹. 2 ~ (for/against sth) loud demand or protest 大声的要求或抗议: a clamour for revenge 复仇的喊声. clamour (US clamor) v. 1 [I] make a clamour(1) 喧哗; 吵闹. 2 [Ipr, It] ~ for/against sth make a loud demand or protest 大声地要求或抗议: The public are clamouring for a change of government. 公众大声疾呼要求撤换政府. * The baby clamoured to be fed. 婴儿饿得大声哭叫. clamorous / 5klAmErEs; `klAmErEs/ adj (fml 文) making loud demands or protests 大声要求的; 大 声抗议的. clamp / klAmp; klAmp/ n 1 (also cramp) device for holding things tightly together, usu by means of a screw 夹具; 夹铗. 2 piece of wood, metal, etc used for strengthening other materials or fastening things together 夹板; 压板. =>illus 见插图 clamp v. 1 [Tn] grip or hold (sth) (as if) with a clamp （像）用夹具夹住（某物）: He kept his pipe clamped between his teeth. 他一直叼著烟斗. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ A and B (together); ~ A to B fasten (one thing to another) with a clamp 用夹具将（一物与另一物）夹紧, 固定住: clamp two boards together 把两块板夹在一起. 3 (phr v) clamp down on sb/sth (infml 口) become stricter about sth; use one's authority against sb or to prevent or suppress sth 对某事更严格; 利用权势反对某人或防 止或压制某事: The Government intends to clamp down on soccer hooliganism. 政府拟采取措施严 禁在足球比赛中闹事. clamp-down n. sudden policy of increased strictness in preventing or suppressing sth （为防止或压 制某事而突然采取的）严格的政策. clan / klAn; klAn/ n [CGp] 1 group of families, esp in Scotland, descended from a common ancestor 宗族; 家族; （尤指苏格兰的）氏族: the `Campbell clan/the clan `Campbell 坎贝尔氏族. 2 (infml 口) large family forming a close group 大家族; 大家庭. 3 group of people closely connected by similar aims, interests, etc; coterie 集团; 帮会; 宗派. clannish adj. (often derog 常作贬义) (of members of a group) associating closely with each other and showing little interest in other people （指集团的成员）抱成一团的. clannishly adv. clannishness n. [U]. clansman / -mEn; -mEn/ n (pl -men)/ -mEn; -mEn/ (fem 阴性作`clanswoman, -women) member of a clan 宗族、家族、氏族或集团等的成员. clandestine / klAn5destIn; klAn`dZstIn/ adj (fml 文) done secretly; kept secret; surreptitious 秘密的; 保密的; 暗中的: a clan,destine `marriage 秘密结婚. clang / klAN; klAN/ n loud ringing sound (as) of metal being struck （金属敲击的）铿锵声, 叮当声: the clang of the school bell 校铃的叮当声. clang v. [I, Tn] (cause sth to) make this sound （使某物）发出匡啷声: The prison gates clanged shut. 监狱的大门匡啷一声关上了. clanger / 5klANE(r); `klANL/ n (Brit infml 口) 1 obvious and embarrassing mistake; gaffe （明显 而使人难为情的）错误; 出丑. 2 (idm 习语) drop a brick/clanger => drop2. clangour (US clangor) / 5klANE(r), 5klANgE(r); `klANL/ n [U] continued clanging noise; series of clangs 连续的铿锵声; 一连串的叮当声. clangorous / 5klNErEs, 5klNgErEs; `klANErEs/ adj. clank / klANk; klANk/ n dull metallic sound (as) of chains striking together （如铁链撞击在一起的） 低沉的金属声, 叮当声. clank v. [I, Tn] (cause sth to) make this sound （使某物）发出叮当声: The chains clanked as the drawbridge opened. 吊桥放下时, 铁链发出叮当声. clap / klAp; klAp/ v (-pp-) 1 (a) [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (together) strike (the palms of one's hands) together 拍（手）; 鼓（掌）: She clapped her hands in delight. 她高兴地拍起手来. * They clapped their hands in time to the music. 他们随著音乐的节拍鼓起掌来. (b) [I, Tn] do this continually to show approval of (sb/sth); applaud 不断鼓掌以示赞许（某人[某事物]）; 鼓掌欢迎: The audience clapped (her/her speech) enthusiastically. 听众热情地（为她[为她的讲话]）鼓起掌来. 2 [Tn.pr] ~ sb on sth strike or slap sb lightly with an open hand, usu in a friendly way （用手掌）轻轻拍打某人（通常为友好地）: clap sb on the back 轻拍某人的背. 3 (idm 习语) clap/lay/set eyes on sb/sth => eye1. clap hold of sb/sth (infml 口) seize sb/sth suddenly or with force 突然或用力抓住某人[某物]: Here, clap hold of this! 喂, 抓住这个! clap sb in/into jail, prison, etc (infml 口) put sb in prison quickly (often without a trial) 迅速将某人关进监狱（常未经审讯）. 4 (phr v) clap sth on (sth) (infml 口) add sth to the price of sth, esp in an unwelcome way 涨价, 提价（尤指不得人心的）: The Government has clapped an extra ten pence on a packet of cigarettes. 政府对每包香烟额外提价十便士. (be) clapped out (Brit infml 口) (of people or things) completely worn out or exhausted （指人）筋疲力尽; （指物）破烂 不堪: a clapped-out old bicycle 破烂不堪的旧自行车. clap n. 1 [sing] act or sound of clapping (clap1 1a) 鼓掌; 掌声: Let's give her a big clap, ie applaud her. 咱们给她用力鼓掌. 2 [C] ~ on sth friendly slap 善意的拍打: give sb a clap on the back 在某人背上拍一下. 3 [C] sudden loud noise 突然的巨响: a clap of thunder 雷鸣. clap / klAp; klAp/ (also the clap) n [U] (sl 俚) venereal disease, esp gonorrhoea 花柳病; （尤指）淋 病. clapboard / 5klApbR:d; ?@ 5klAbR:rd; `klAbRrd/ (US) = weather-board (weather1). clapper / 5klApE(r); `klApL/ n 1 piece of metal, etc fixed loosely inside a bell and making it sound by striking the side （钟铃的）击锤; 钟舌; 铃舌. =>illus at bell 见bell 之插图. 2 (idm 习语) like the `clappers (Brit infml 口) very fast or hard; vigorously 很快; 很用力; 强有力地: go, run, work, etc like the clappers 一个劲儿地走、跑、工作等. clapper-board n. (in film-making) pair of hinged boards brought together sharply to help in synchronizing the sound and the picture at the start of filming （拍电影时用的）拍板, 场记板. claptrap / 5klAptrp; `klAp9trAp/ n [U] worthless, insincere or pretentious talk; nonsense 无价值的、 不诚恳的或虚伪的话; 废话: What a load of claptrap! 废话真多! claret / 5klArEt; `klArEt/ n (a) [C, U] (any of various types of) dry red wine, esp from the Bordeaux area of France 乾红葡萄酒（尤指法国波尔多地区产的）: I prefer Burgundy to claret. 我喜欢勃艮 第葡萄酒, 不喜欢波尔多产的葡萄酒. (b) [U] colour of this 深红色（此种酒的颜色）. Cf 参看 Bordeaux. claret adj. dark red 深红色的. clarify / 5klArIfaI; `klArE9faI/ v (pt, pp -fied) 1 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become clear or easier to understand （使某事物）清楚易懂; 澄清: clarify a remark, statement 澄清一项意见、声明* I hope that what I say will clarify the situation. 我希望我说的话能澄清这一情况. 2 [Tn] remove impurities from (fats), eg by heating 除去（油脂）中的杂质（如用加热法）: clarified butter 已除 去杂质的黄油. clarification / 9klArIfI5keIFn; 9klArEfE`keFEn/ n [U] clarifying or being clarified 澄清; 被澄清: The whole issue needs clarification. 整个问题都需要澄清. clarinet / 9klArE5net; 9klArE`nZt/ n musical instrument of the woodwind group with finger-holes and keys 单簧管; 竖笛. =>illus at App 1 见附录1 之插图, page x. clarinettist (also clarinetist) n. person who plays the clarinet 单簧管或竖笛吹奏者. clarion / 5klArIEn; `klArIEn/ adj [attrib 作定语] loud, clear and rousing 响亮、清澈而又有激励作 用的: a clarion call to action 激励人行动起来的鲜明口号. clarity / 5klArEtI; `klArEtI/ n [U] clearness; lucidity 清楚; 明晰; 清澈: clarity of expression, thinking, vision 表达、思维、视觉清楚. clash / klAF; klAF/ v 1 [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (sth and sth) (together) (cause things to) strike together with a loud, harsh noise （使）发出巨大刺耳的撞击声: Their swords clashed. 他们的剑互相撞击, 铿锵有声. * She clashed the cymbals together. 她敲铙钹. 2 [I, Ipr] (a) ~ (with sb) come together and fight 冲突; 交战: The two armies clashed. 两军交战. * Demonstrators clashed with police. 示 威者与警察发生冲突. (b) ~ (with sb) (on/over sth) disagree seriously (about sth) （对某事）重大分 歧: The Government clashed with the Opposition/The Government and the Opposition clashed on the question of unemployment. 政府与反对党在失业问题上有重大分歧. 3 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) happen inconveniently at the same time (as sth else) （与另一事）时间上冲突: It's a pity the two concerts clash; I wanted to go to both of them. 真可惜两个音乐会时间上有冲突, 我本来想两个都去. * Your party clashes with a wedding I'm going to. 你们的聚会和我要去参加的婚礼时间上有冲突. 4 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) (of colours, designs, etc) not match or harmonize （指颜色、花样等）不相配, 不和谐: The (colour of the) wallpaper clashes with the (colour of the) carpet/The wallpaper and the carpet clash. 壁纸（的颜色）和地毯（的颜色）不和谐. clash / klAF; klAF/ n 1 clashing noise 碰撞声; 撞击声: a clash of cymbals, swords 铙钹、剑的撞 击声. 2 (a) ~ (with sb/sth); ~ (between A and B) violent contact; fight 激烈的冲突; 打斗: clashes between police and demonstrators 警察与示威者间的冲突. (b) ~ (with sb/sth) (on/over sth); ~ (between sb and sb)(on/over sth) serious disagreement; argument 重大的分歧; 争论: a clash between the Prime Minister and the leader of the Opposition on defence spending 首相与反对党领袖在国防 开支上的争论. (c) serious difference; conflict 极大的区别; 冲突: a clash of interests, personalities, cultures, opinions 利益、个性、文化、意见的巨大的差别. 3 ~ (between A and B) coinciding of events or dates 事情或日期的冲突: a clash between two classes 两堂课在时间上的冲突. 4 failure of colours, designs, etc to match or harmonize （颜色、花样等的）不相配或不和谐. clasp / klB:sp; ?@ klAsp; klAsp/ n 1 device for fastening things (eg the ends of a belt or a necklace) together 钩子, 扣子, 扣环（如腰带或项链的两端）: The clasp of my brooch is broken. 我胸针的 钩子坏了. 2 (a) firm hold with the hand; grasp; grip 紧握; 抓; 攥: He held her hand in a firm clasp. 他紧紧握著她的手. (b) embrace 拥抱. clasp-knife n. folding knife with a catch for holding the blade open 弹簧摺刀. clasp / klB:sp; ?@ klAsp; klAsp/ v 1 (a) [Tn, Tn.p] hold (sb/sth) tightly in the hand 握紧（某人[某 物]）; 紧握; 攥: She was clasping a knife. 她攥著一把刀. * They clasped hands (ie held each other's hands) briefly before saying goodbye. 他们匆匆握手告别. * His hands were clasped (together) in prayer. 他祈祷时双手十指交叉（在一起）握著. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] hold (sb) tightly with the arms; embrace 抱紧（某人）; 拥抱: He clasped her to his chest. 他把她紧紧地抱在怀里. * They stood clasped in each other's arms. 他们站著相互拥抱. 2 [I, Tn, Tn.pr] be fastened or fasten (sth) with a clasp1(1) 被扣紧; 被钩紧: clasp a bracelet round one's wrist 将手镯戴在手腕上. class / klB:s; ?@ klAs; klAs/ n 1 (a) [CGp] group of people at the same social or economic level 阶 级; 阶层; 社会等级: the working/middle/upper class 工人阶级[中产阶级/上层社会] * the professional class(es) 专业阶层. (b) [U] system that divides people into such groups 阶级制度: [attrib 作定语] class differences, distinctions, divisions, etc 阶级差别、界限、划分. 2 (a) [CGp] group of students taught together 班级: We were in the same class at school. 我们上学时在同一班. * Form 4 is/are a difficult class to teach. 四年级很难教. (b) [C] occasion when this group meets to be taught; lesson 上课; 课: I have a maths class at 9 o'clock. 我9 点钟有数学课. (c) [CGp] (US) group of students who finish their studies at school or university in a particular year （毕业生的）同届: the class of '82 1982 年届. 3 [C] set of people, animals or things grouped together, esp according to quality 级, 等, 等级, 种类（尤指按质量划分的）: As an actress Jane is not in the same class as (ie is not as good as) Susan. 作为演员, 简不如苏珊. * [attrib 作定语] a top-class athlete 一流运动员. 4 [U] (infml 口) high quality; excellence; distinction 高质量; 优秀; 优异: She's got (a lot of) class. 她（实在）很有气质. * [attrib 作定语] a class (tennis) player 优秀（网球）运动员. 5 [C] (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) one of several different levels of comfort, etc available to travellers in a train, plane, bus, etc （火车、飞机、公共汽车等的）等级: first class * tourist class * [attrib 作 定语] a second-class compartment, eg on a train. 6 [C] (Brit) (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合 词) one of several grades of achievement in a university degree examination （大学学位考试成绩的） 等级: a first-/ second-/ third-class (honours) degree. 7 [C] (biology 生) second highest group into which animals and plants are divided, below a phylum and including several orders (order1 9) （动植 物分类的）纲. Cf 参看family 4, genus 1, species. 1. 8 (idm 习语) in a class of one's/its `own; in a class by one`self/it`self better than everyone/anything else of his/its kind; unequalled 独一无二; 无以 伦比: Pele was in a class of his own as a footballer. 贝利是举世无双的足球健将. class v. [Tn, Cn.n/a] ~ sb/sth (as sth) place sb/sth in a class(1b); classify sb/sth 将某人[某事物]归入 某类; 把...分类: Immigrant workers were classed as resident aliens. 移民来的工人已归入外侨类. classless adj. 1 not clearly belonging to any particular social class 不明显属于某一阶级或阶层 的: a classless accent 无任何阶层特徵的口音. 2 without social classes 无阶级的: a classless society 无阶级的社会. classy / 5klB:sI; ?@ 5klAsI; `klAsI/ adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) of high quality; stylish; superior 高质 量的; 时髦的; 优等的: a classy hotel 高级旅馆. class-conscious adj. aware of belonging to a particular social class or of the differences between social classes 意识到属于某阶级的; 有阶级意识的. class-consciousness n. [U]. class-feeling n. [U] feelings of hostility between social classes 阶级意识（阶级间的敌意）. class-list n. (Brit) list showing the class of degree achieved by university students in their final examinations （大学生最后考试的）学位成绩名单. class-mate n. person who was or is in the same class as oneself at school 同班同学: We were class-mates at primary school. 我们在小学是同班同学. class-room n. room where a class of pupils or students is taught 教室. the class struggle (also the class war) ( esp in Marxist thought) the continuing fight for economic and political power between the capitalist ruling class and the working class （尤指马克思主义思想的） 阶级斗争. classic / 5klAsIk; `klAsIk/ adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] 1 having a high quality that is recognized and unquestioned; of lasting value and importance 最优秀的; 第一流的; 经典的: a classic novel, work of scholarship, game of football 最佳的小说、学术著作、足球赛. 2 very typical 典型的: a classic example 典型的例子* classic symptoms of pneumonia 肺炎的典型症状* a classic case of malnutrition 营养不良的典型病例. 3(a) simple, harmonious and restrained; classical(3) 典雅的; 古雅的. (b) (of clothes, designs, etc) having a simple traditional style that is not affected by changes in fashion （指衣服、设计等）传统式样的: a classic dress 传统的连衣裙. 4 famous through being long established （因为时已久）著名的; 传统的: one of the classic events of the sporting calendar 体 育运动日程表中传统比赛项目之一. classic / 5klAsIk; `klAsIk/ n 1 [C] writer, artist or work of art recognized as being of high quality and lasting value 文豪; 大艺术家; 杰作; 名著; 经典著作: This novel may well become a classic. 这本小说很可能成为经典著作. * She enjoys reading the classics, ie the great works of literature. 她 喜欢读经典著作. 2 [C] outstanding example of its kind 优秀的典范: The (football) match was a classic. 那场（足球）比赛堪称典范. 3 Classics [sing v] (study of) ancient Greek and Roman language and literature 古代希腊与罗马的语言和文学（的研究）: She studied Classics at university. 她在大学学习古希腊与古罗马的语言文学. 4 [C] garment that is classic1(3b) in style 传统样式 的服装. classical / 5klAsIkl; `klAsIkl/ adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] 1 of, relating to or influenced by the art and literature of ancient Greece and Rome 古希腊与古罗马文学艺术的; 受古希腊与古罗马文学艺术 影响的: classical studies 古希腊与古罗马文学艺术的研究* a classical scholar, ie an expert in Latin and Greek 研究古希腊与古罗马文学艺术的学者（拉丁文与希腊文专家） * a classical education, ie one based on the study of Latin and Greek 以学习拉丁文与希腊文为基础的教育 * classical architecture 古希腊与古罗马式的建筑风格. 2 (a) (of music) serious and traditional in style （指音乐）古典的（风格严谨而传统的）: the classical music of India 印度的古典音乐. Cf 参 看pop3. (b) (of music) (characteristic) of the period 1750-1800 （指音乐）表现1750-1800 年时期 （特徵）的; 古典派的: classical composers such as Mozart and Haydn 古典派的作曲家如莫札特和 海顿* the classical symphony 古典派的交响乐. 3 simple, restrained and harmonious in style 风 格朴实、严谨及和谐的: a classical elegance 典雅. classically / klsIkElI;`klAsIklI/ adv. classicism / 5klAsIsIzEm; `klAsE9sIzEm/ n [U] 1 (following of the) style and principles of classical(1) art and literature （遵循）古典主义, 古典文学艺术的风格与原则. Cf 参看 idealism 2, realism 2, romanticism (romantic). 2 simplicity and regularity of style or form （风格或形式的）朴 素和正规. classicist / 5klAsIsIst; `klAsEsIst/ n 1 person who follows classicism in art or literature 古典主义者. 2 expert in or student of ancient Greek or Latin 古希腊文或拉丁文的专家或学者. classification / 9klAsIfI5keIFn; 9klAsEfE`keFEn/ n 1 [U] classifying or being classified 分类; 分 级. 2 [C] group or class into which sth is put （某事物所归入的）类别, 种类, 门类. 3 [U] (biology 生) placing of animals and plants into groups according to similarities of structure, origin, etc （动植物的）分类（法）. 4 [C] (in libraries, etc) system of grouping books, magazines, etc according to their subject （图书馆等中的）编目. classify / 5klAsIfaI; `klAsE9faI/ v (pt, pp -fied) 1 (a)[Tn] arrange (sth) systematically in classes or groups 将（某事物）编排, 分类: The books in the library are classified by/according to subject. 图 书馆的书是按照[根据]科目分类的. (b) [Tn, Cn.n/a] ~ sb/sth (as sth) place sb/sth in a particular class(3) 将某人[某事物]归类: Would you classify her novels as serious literature or as mere entertainment? 你认为她的小说属于文学类呢, 还是属于通俗读物类? 2 [Tn] declare (information, documents, etc) to be officially secret and available only to certain people 将（资料、文 件等）定为官方密件而仅供某些人使用. classifiable / 5klAsIfaIEbl; `klAsE9faIEbl/ adj that can be classified 可分类的. classified adj. [usu attrib 通常作定语] 1 arranged in groups 分类的: a classified directory, ie one in which the names of firms, etc are entered under labelled headings, eg builders, electricians, plumbers 分类电话簿. 2 declared officially secret (by a government) and available only to certain people （由政府）定为机密而仅供某些人使用的: classified information, documents 机密情报、文 件. classified advertisements (also classified ads / dz; Adz/, esp US `want ads) small advertisements placed in a newspaper, etc by people wishing to buy or sell sth, employ sb, find a job, etc 分类广告. clatter / 5klAtE(r); `klAtL/ n [sing] continuous noise (as) of hard objects falling or knocking against each other （硬物落下或相撞时发出的）连续撞击声: the clatter of cutlery, horse's hoofs, a typewriter 刀叉、马蹄、打字机的咔嗒声. clatter v. 1 [I, Ipr, Tn] (cause sth to) make a clatter （使某物）发出连续咔嗒声: Don't clatter your knives and forks. 不要将刀叉相碰出声. 2 (phr v) clatter across, down, in, etc move across, etc, making a clatter 发出连续咔嗒声地跨过等: The children clattered (ie ran noisily) downstairs. 孩子 们咔咔地跑下楼. * The cart clattered over the cobble-stones. 马车咔嗒咔嗒响著经过大卵石路. Santa Claus / 5sAntE klR:z; `sAntE9klRz/ (also esp Brit Father Christmas) man with a white beard and dressed in red, who, children are told, comes down chimneys at Christmas to bring presents 圣诞 老人. clause / klR:z; klRz/ n 1 (grammar) group of words that includes a subject1(4a) and a verb, forming a sentence or part of a sentence 从句; 分句; 子句: The sentence `He often visits Spain because he likes the climate' consists of a main clause and a subordinate clause. He often visits Spain because he likes the climate 一句中有一个主句和一个从句. 2 paragraph or section in a legal document (eg a will, contract or treaty) stating a particular obligation, condition, etc （在法律文件如遗嘱、合同或 条约中, 陈述具体义务、条件等的）段落或章节; 条款: There is a clause in the contract forbidding tenants to sublet. 合同中列有条款, 禁止承租人转租. claustrophobia / 9klR:strE5fEUbIE; 9klRstrE`fobIE/ n [U] abnormal fear of being in an enclosed space 幽闭恐怖（症）. claustrophobic / 9klR:strE5fEUbIk; 9klRstrE`fobIk/ adj suffering from or causing claustrophobia 患 幽闭恐怖（症）的; 诱发幽闭恐怖（症）的: feel claustrophobic 感到幽闭恐怖* a claustrophobic little room 使人感到幽闭恐怖的房间. clavichord / 5klAvIkR:d; `klAvE9kRrd/ n early type of keyboard instrument with a very soft tone 击 弦键琴（钢琴的前身）. clavicle / 5klAvIkl; `klAvEkl/ n (anatomy 解) collar-bone 锁骨. =>illus at skeleton 见skeleton 之插 图. claw / klR:; klR/ n 1 (a) any of the pointed nails (nail1) on the feet of some mammals, birds and reptiles 爪（某些哺乳类、鸟类和爬行类动物的尖利脚趾甲）: Cats have sharp claws. 猫有尖爪. (b) (esp in birds) foot with claws （尤指鸟类）带爪的脚: The eagle held a mouse in its claws. 鹰用 爪抓住了老鼠. 2 pincers of a shellfish （甲壳类动物的）钳, 螯: a lobster's claw 龙虾的螯. =>illus at shellfish 见shellfish 之插图. 3 mechanical device like a claw, used for gripping and lifting things 爪形器具（用以抓住或提起物件）. 4 (idm 习语) get one's claws into sb (infml 口) (esp of a woman) attach oneself to (a partner) in a determined way （尤指女子）依附于伴侣: She's really got her claws into him! 她完全依靠他了! claw v. 1 [Ipr, Tn] ~ (at) sb/sth (try to) scratch or tear sb/sth with a claw or claws or with one's finger-nails （试图）用爪或指甲抓或撕某人[某物]; 搔; 挠; 刮: The cats clawed at each other. 猫 用爪子互相抓. * The prisoner clawed at the cell door in desperation. 囚犯绝望地乱抓牢房的门. * His face was badly clawed. 他的脸给抓坏了. 2 (idm 习语) claw one's way across, up, through, etc move across, etc by using the claws or the hands 用爪或手爬行过去等: They slowly clawed their way up the cliff. 他们缓慢地爬上峭壁. 3 (phr v) claw sth back (of a government) recover, esp by taxation, money paid as an allowance to people who are not thought to need financial help （指政府） （尤指用税收）收回认为不需资助者的补助金. claw-back n. act of clawing sth back 收回补助金. claw-hammer n. hammer with one end of its head bent and divided for pulling out nails 羊角榔头; 拔钉锤. =>illus at hammer 见hammer 之插图. clay / kleI; kle/ n 1 [U] stiff sticky earth that becomes hard when baked, used for making bricks and pottery 黏土: [attrib 作定语] clay soil 黏质土壤 * clay tiles 陶土瓦. 2 (idm 习语) have feet of clay => foot1. clayey / kleII; `kleI/ adj like, containing or covered with clay 像黏土的; 含有黏土的; 粘著黏土的. clay pigeon breakable disc thrown in the air as a target for shooting at 泥鸽靶（掷到空中作射击靶子的易碎圆 盘）: [attrib 作定语] clay `pigeon shooting 泥鸽靶射击. clay pipe tobacco pipe made of clay pottery 陶制烟斗. claymore / 5kleImR:(r); `klemRr/ n large two-edged sword, formerly used by Scottish Highlanders （旧时苏格兰高地人用的）双刃大刀. clean / kli:n; klin/ adj (-er, -est) 1 (a) free from dirt or impurities 清洁的; 乾净的; 无杂质的: clean hands 乾净的手* clean air, ie free from smoke, etc 清洁的空气* a clean wound, ie one that is not infected 未感染的伤口* wash, wipe, scrub, brush, etc sth clean 把某物洗、擦、擦洗、刷... 乾 净. (b) that has been washed since it was last worn or used 洗过的: a clean dress, towel, knife 洗过 的连衣裙、手巾、小刀* He wears clean socks every day. 他每天穿新洗的袜子. * put clean sheets on a bed 把洗过的床单铺在床上. (c) having clean habits; caring about cleanliness 爱乾净的; 讲究清洁的: Cats are clean animals. 猫很爱乾净. 2 not yet used; unmarked 尚未用过的; 未作过 标记的: a clean sheet of paper 一张白纸. 3 (a) not obscene or indecent 不猥亵的; 不下流的: Keep it clean! ie Don't tell dirty jokes! 嘴乾净点! （别开下流玩笑!） (b) (dated 旧) good; innocent 好的; 无辜的; 清白的: lead a clean life 过清白的生活. (c) showing or having no record of offences 无过失记录的: a clean driving-licence, ie one with no endorsements 无违章记录的驾驶执照 * She has a clean record. 她无违法记录. (d) keeping to the rules; not unfair 遵守规则的; 公平的; 正当的; 不违例的: a hard-fought but clean match 激烈而规矩的比赛* a clean tackle, eg in a game of football 正当的抢截（如在足球赛中）. 4 having a simple and pleasing shape; well-formed 外形简 洁美观的; 形状好的: a car with clean lines 美观的汽车. 5 with a smooth edge or surface; regular; even 边或面光滑的; 规则的; 均匀的; 整齐的: A sharp knife makes a clean cut. 快刀切得整齐. * a clean break, eg the breaking of a bone in one place 整齐的断裂处（如骨折于一处）. 6 (esp in sport) skilfully and accurately done （尤指体育运动）动作纯熟准确的, 乾净利落的: a clean hit, stroke, blow, etc 乾净利落的击中目标、一击、一拳等. 7 (infml 口) (of a nuclear weapon) producing little radioactivity （指核武器）几乎无放射性尘埃的. 8 (idm 习语) (as) clean as a new `pin (infml 口) very clean and tidy 非常整洁. (as) clean as a `whistle (infml 口) (a) very clean 非常 清洁. (b) skilfully; deftly 熟练地; 灵巧地: The dog jumped through the hoop as clean as a whistle, ie without touching it. 狗灵巧地跳过钻圈（没有触到圈）. a clean bill of `health report showing that one's health is good, esp after illness 健康状况良好的报告（尤指病后）: The doctor gave him a clean bill of health. 医生给他一份健康良好的报告. a clean `sheet/`slate record of work or behaviour that does not show any wrongdoing in the past 过去工作或操行中无过错的记录: He came out of prison hoping to start (life) again with a clean sheet, ie with his previous offences forgotten. 他出狱后希望 重新做人. (make) a clean sweep (of sth) (a) the removing of things or people that are thought to be unnecessary 去掉认为不必要的事物或人; 清除; 撤换: The new manager made a clean sweep of the department. 新经理清除了部门中的冗员. (b) victory in all of a group of similar or related competitions, games, etc （在所有有关竞争、比赛等中）大获全胜: The Russians made a clean sweep of (the medals in) the gymnastics events. 俄罗斯运动员囊括体操项目奖牌. keep one's nose clean => nose1. make a clean break (with sth) change one's previous manner of living entirely 完全改 变以前的生活方式: He's made a clean break with the past. 他完全改变了过去的生活方式. make a clean breast of sth make a full confession of sth 完全承认某事物: He made a clean breast of his crime to the police. 他向警方如实招供. show a clean pair of heels => show2. wipe the slate clean => wipe. clean adv 1 completely; entirely 彻底地; 完全地; 全部地: The bullet went clean through his shoulder. 子弹穿透他的肩膀. * The thief got clean away. 窃贼逃得无影无踪. * I clean forgot about it. 我把 它忘得一乾二净. * The batsman was clean bowled, ie without the ball hitting the bat or the pads first. 击球员被迫出局（球未先击中球板或护胫）. 2 (idm 习语) come clean (with sb) (about sth) (infml 口) make a full and honest confession 全盘招供; 和盘托出: I've got to come `clean (with you) I was the one who broke the window. 我（向你）说实话--窗户是我打破的. clean-cut adj. (a) clearly outlined 轮廓清楚的:,clean-cut `features 轮廓清楚的脸型. (b) (approv 褒) looking neat and respectable 外貌整洁体面的: a,clean-cut `student 整洁体面的学生. clean-limbed adj. (approv 褒) (esp of young people) having well-formed and slender limbs （尤指 年轻人）体形优美四肢修长的. clean-shaven adj. (of men) not having a moustache or a beard （指男子）胡须刮得乾净的. clean / kli:n; klin/ v 1 (a) [Tn] make (sth) clean or free of dirt, etc 使（某物）清洁或无灰尘等: clean the windows, one's shoes, one's teeth 擦窗户、擦鞋、刷牙* I must have this suit cleaned, ie at the dry-cleaner's. 我得把这套衣服送去乾洗. * The cat sat cleaning itself. 猫坐著舔乾净自己的身体. (b) [I] become clean 变乾净: This floor cleans easily, ie is easy to clean. 这地面容易擦洗乾净. 2 (phr v) clean sth down clean sth thoroughly by wiping or brushing it 擦净或刷净某物: clean down the walls 擦净墙壁. clean sth from/off sth remove sth from sth by brushing, scraping, wiping, etc 从 某物上将他物刷掉、刮掉、擦掉等: She cleaned the dirt from her finger-nails. 她从指甲里剔掉 污垢. clean sth out clean the inside of sth thoroughly 彻底将某物内部弄得乾乾净净: clean out the stables 彻底清扫马厩. clean sb out (of sth) (infml 口) use up or take all sb's money; take or buy all sb's stock 将某人所有的钱用完或取走; 将某人所有的存货取走或买走: I haven't a penny left; buying drinks for everyone has cleaned me out completely. 我一个便士都没有了, 给大家买饮料把 我的钱全花光了. * The burglars cleaned her out of all her jewellery. 窃贼把她所有的首饰都偷走了. clean (oneself) up (infml 口) wash oneself 把身体洗乾净: My hands are filthy; I'd better go and clean (myself) up. 我的手脏了, 最好去洗洗. clean (sth) up (a) remove (dirt, rubbish, etc) from a place to clean it; make (a place) clean by removing dirt, etc 除去（污物、垃圾等）把一地方打扫乾 净; 除去污物等使（一地方）乾净: The workmen cleaned up (the mess) before they left. 工人们清 理（杂物）后就走了. * clean up (a room) after a party 聚会后（把房间）打扫乾净. (b) (infml 口) make or win (a lot of money) 挣得或赢得（很多钱）: He cleaned up a small fortune. 他发了一笔小 财. clean sth up remove criminals, harmful influences, etc from sth 从某事物中清除罪犯、有害影 响等: The mayor is determined to clean up the city. 市长决心清除市内的不良现象. * a campaign to clean up (ie reduce the amount of sex and violence shown on) television 清除电视中不良现象的运 动（减少播放色情和暴力的节目）. cleaning woman woman employed to clean offices, a private house, etc 女清洁工. clean-up n. (a) removal of dirt, etc from a person or place 清洗; 打扫. (b) removal of criminals, etc 清除罪犯等. cleaner / 5kli:nE(r); `klinL/ n 1 (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) person or thing that cleans 做清扫工作的人或物: an `office cleaner 办公室清洁工 * a `floor cleaner, ie a substance that removes grease, stains, etc from floors 地板除垢剂（从地板上清除油渍、污点之物）. 2 cleaners [pl] place where clothes and fabrics are cleaned, esp with chemicals 洗衣店: send a suit to the cleaners 把一套衣服送到洗衣店去. 3 (idm 习语) take sb to the `cleaners (infml 口) (a) rob or cheat sb of his money 抢或骗某人的钱. (b) criticize sb harshly 粗暴地批评某人. cleanly / 5kli:nlI; `klinlI/ adv easily; smoothly 容易地; 光洁地: Blunt scissors don't cut cleanly. 钝 剪刀剪不齐. * catch a ball cleanly, ie without fumbling 利落地接住球. cleanly / 5klenlI; `klZnlI/ adj (-ier, -iest) habitually clean; having clean habits 习惯上清洁的; 有清洁 习惯的: Cats are cleanly animals. 猫很爱清洁. cleanliness n. [U] being clean 清洁; 乾净. cleanse / 5klenz; klZnz/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (of sth) make thoroughly clean 使彻底清洁; 清洗: a cleansing cream, ie one that cleans the skin 洁肤膏（使皮肤清洁的乳剂）* (fig fml 比喻, 文) She felt cleansed of her sins after confession. 她忏悔之后觉得自己的罪洗清了. cleanser n. substance that cleanses, eg a detergent or a lotion 清洁剂. clear / klIE(r); klIr/ adj (-er/ 5klIErE(r); `klIrL/, -est/ 5klIErIst; `klIrIst/) 1 (a) easy to see through; transparent 清澈的; 透明的: clear glass 透明的玻璃* the clear water of a mountain lake 山上清 澈的湖水. (b) without cloud or mist 无云雾的; 晴朗的: a clear sky, day 晴朗的天空、一天 * clear weather 无云雾的天气. (c) without spots or blemishes 无污点或瑕疵的; 洁净的: clear skin 洁净 的皮肤* a clear complexion 洁净的面孔. 2 (a) easy to see or hear; distinct 易看清或听清的; 清 晰的: a clear photograph 清晰的照片* a clear reflection in the water 水中清晰的倒影 * a clear voice, speaker, sound 清晰的嗓音、扬声器、声音. (b) easy to understand 易懂的; 明白的: a clear explanation, article, meaning 易懂的解释、文章、意思* You'll do as you're told, is that clear? 让 你怎麽做就怎麽做, 明白吗? 3 ~ (about/on sth) without doubt, confusion or difficulty; certain 无 疑的; 不混淆的; 无困难的; 肯定的: a clear thinker 思维清楚的思考者* a clear understanding of the problems 对问题透澈的了解* My memory is not clear on that point. 那一点我记不清楚了. * Are you quite clear about what the job involves? 这一工作涉及哪些内容, 你都明白吗? 4~(to sb) evident; obvious; definite 明显的; 显然的; 明确的: a clear case of cheating 明显的欺骗* have a clear advantage/lead, eg in a contest 明显的优势[领先]（如在比赛中）* It is quite clear that she is not coming. 很清楚, 她不来了. 5 ~ (of sth) (a) free from obstructions, obstacles, difficulties or dangers 无阻塞、障碍、困难或危险的: a clear view 一览无遗* Wait until the road is clear (of traffic) before crossing. 等路上无车辆来往时, 再穿过马路. * I want to keep next weekend clear so that I can do some gardening. 我要留出下周末的时间作些园艺工作. (b) free from guilt 无罪的; 无辜的: have a clear conscience 问心无愧. (c) free from sth undesirable 无厌恶之物的: clear of debt 无债务的* You are now clear of all suspicion. 你现在已经没有嫌疑了. 6 [pred 作表语] ~ (of sb/sth) not touching sth; away from sth 不触及某事物; 与某事物有距离: The plane climbed until it was clear of the clouds. 飞机爬升穿出了云层. * Park (your car) about nine inches clear of the kerb. （把你的汽车）停放在离路边石九英寸的地方. 7 [attrib 作定语] complete 整整的; 十足 的: Allow three clear days for the letter to arrive. 信要整整三天才能到达. * The bill was passed by a clear (ie fairly large) majority. 议案获绝对多数票通过. 8 [attrib 作定语] (of a sum of money) with nothing to be deducted; net （指一笔钱）不再扣除的, 纯的, 净的: a clear profit 净利. 9 (idm 习语) (as) clear as a `bell clearly and easily heard 清楚而容易听到的. (as) clear as `day easy to see or understand; obvious 显而易见的; 易懂的; 显然的. (as) clear as `mud (infml 口) very unclear; not apparent or well explained 很不清楚的; 不明显的; 未解释清楚的. the coast is clear => coast1. in the `clear (infml 口) no longer in danger or suspected of sth 不再有危险的; 不再因某事物受嫌 疑: She was very ill for a few days but doctors say she's now in the clear. 她大病了几天, 但医生说 她现在已无危险. make oneself `clear express oneself clearly 把自己的意思表达清楚: Do I make myself clear? 我讲得清楚吗? make sth `clear/`plain (to sb) make sth fully understood 使某事物被 充分理解: I made it clear to him that I rejected his proposal. 我清楚地告诉他, 我拒绝了他的建议. clearly adv 1 in a clear manner; distinctly 清楚地; 明白地; 明显地: speak clearly 清楚地说* It is too dark to see clearly. 天太黑看不清楚. 2 obviously; undoubtedly 显然地; 无疑地: That clearly cannot be true. 显然那不是真的. clearness n. [U] state of being clear; clarity 清楚; 明白; 清澈; 透明: the clearness of the atmosphere 空气清新* clearness of vision 视觉清楚. clear-headed adj. thinking or understanding clearly; sensible 头脑清楚的; 明事理的. clearheadedly adv. clear-headedness n. [U]. clear-sighted adj. seeing, understanding or thinking clearly; discerning 观察、理解或思维清楚的; 有眼力的. clearway n. (Brit) road other than a motorway on which vehicles may not normally stop or park 畅 通路（公路上的不准停车路段, 与高速公路不同）. clear / klIE(r); klIr/ adv 1 clearly; distinctly 清楚地; 明白地; 明显地: I can hear you loud and clear. 你的声音很大, 我听得很清楚. 2 ~ (of sth) out of the way of sth; no longer near or touching sth 不阻碍某事物; 不再接触或接近某事物: Stand clear of the doors. 别站在门口挡道. * He managed to leap clear of (ie out of) the burning car. 他设法从燃烧著的汽车中跳了出来. * He jumped three inches clear of (ie above) the bar. 他跳得比杆儿高出三英寸. 3 completely 彻底; 完 全: The prisoner got clear away. 该囚犯逃之夭夭了. 4 (idm 习语) keep/stay/steer clear (of sb/sth) avoid meeting sb or becoming involved with sth or going near a place or using sth 避免见到某人或 涉及某事物或接近某处或使用某物: Try to keep clear of trouble. 尽量避免麻烦. * I prefer to keep clear of town during the rush-hour. 我不愿意在交通拥挤的时间去市区. * (infml 口) His doctor advised him to steer clear of alcohol. 医生建议他不要喝酒. pull sb/sth clear => pull2. clear-cut adj. not vague; definite 不含混的; 明确的: ,clear-cut `plans, pro`posals, di`stinctions 明 确的计划、提议、区分. clear / klIE(r); klIr/ v 1 (a) [I] become transparent 变得透明: The muddy water slowly cleared. 有 泥的水慢慢地变清了. (b) [I] (of the sky or the weather) become free of cloud or rain （指天空或天Oxford Dictionary Translation memory software company ForeignDesk, Okapi Framework, OmegaT, Transolution, AidTransStudio, Cafetran, Déjà Vu (DVX), Heartsome Translation Suite, MemoQ, MetaTexis, Rainbow, SDLX, SDL, STAR Transit, Trados, SDL Trados, Wordfast, WordFisher, Similis, Open Language Tools http://www.transgood.com