TransGood-Translation memory software Trados, SDL, ForeignDesk, Wordfast, WordFisher, Déjà Vu (DVX), 译佳计算机辅助翻译软件, 雅信CAT TransGood, TransMemory, Translation Software Tools, Computer-assisted translation, computer-aided translation, CAT, machine-aided translation, Translation memory software, Terminology management software, Alignment software, Software localization tools, ?bersetzung Software, Logiciels de traduction, Software di traduzione, Traducción de Software, Mémoire de traduction, Tradu??o memória, Memoria de traducción, Memoria di traduzione, Перевод Software, ForeignDesk, Okapi Framework, OmegaT, Transolution, AidTransStudio, Cafetran, Déjà Vu (DVX), Heartsome Translation Suite, MemoQ, MetaTexis, Rainbow, SDLX, SDL, STAR Transit, Trados, SDL Trados, Wordfast, WordFisher, Similis, Open Language Tools, 翻訳ソフトウェア, 翻訳メモリ, 翻译软件 辅助翻译软件 计算机辅助翻译软件 人工智能翻译 翻译工具 专业翻译软件 翻译记忆软件 塔多思 Trados SDL WordFast 雅信CAT 翻译公司 牛津词典 Oxford Dictionary as a candidate or representative 挑选某人作候选人或代表: She has been adopted as Labour candidate for York. 她被提名为约克郡的工党候选人. 3 [Tn] take over and have or use (sth) as one's own 采纳; 采取; 采用: adopt a name, a custom, an idea, a style of dress 取名, 随俗, 采纳一 意见, 采用一服装式样* adopt a hard line towards terrorists 对恐怖分子采取强硬态度 * her adopted country, ie not her native country but the one in which she has chosen to live 她所选择居留 的国家（非其祖国而由其自择居留的国家）. 4 [Tn] accept (eg a report or recommendation); approve 接受, 通过（如报告或建议）; 批准: Congress has adopted the new measures. 国会通过了 新的议案. adoption / E5dCpFn; E`dBpFEn/ n [C, U] (act of) adopting or being adopted 收养; 过继; 挑选; 采 纳; 采取; 采用; 接受: offer a child for adoption 将孩子送给他人收养* her adoption as Labour candidate for York 她作为约克郡工党候选人的提名* the country of her adoption 她所选择居留 的国家* This textbook has had adoptions (ie been officially chosen for special study) in many countries. 这本教科书已被很多国家采用. adoptive adj. [usu attrib 通常作定语] related by adoption 有收养关系的; 过继的; 采纳的; 接受 的: his adoptive parents 他的养父养母. adorable / E5dR:rEbl; E`dRrEbl/ adj very attractive; delightful; lovable 迷人的; 讨人喜欢的; 可爱 的: What an adorable child! 多可爱的孩子! * Your dress is absolutely adorable. 你的衣服太漂亮了. * My darling, you are adorable. 亲爱的, 你真迷人. adorably /-EblI; -EblI/ adv. adore / E5dR:(r); E`dRr/ v 1 [Tn] (a) love deeply and respect (sb) highly 热爱; 爱慕; 敬爱; 崇敬; 敬仰: He adores his wife and children. 他深爱妻儿. (b) worship (God) 崇拜（上帝）. 2 [Tn, Tg] (infml 口) (not used in the continuous tenses 不用于进行时态) like (sth) very much 非常喜爱（某 事物）: adore ice-cream, Paris, skiing 非常喜欢冰激凌, 巴黎, 滑雪* I simply adore that dress! 我 简直太喜欢那件连衣裙了. adoration / 9AdE5reIFn; 9AdE`reFEn/ n [U] great love or worship 热爱; 爱慕; 敬爱; 崇敬; 崇拜: be filled with adoration 充满敬意* They knelt in adoration of their gods. 他们跪拜诸神. adoring adj. [usu attrib 通常作定语] showing great love 表示爱慕的: his adoring grandmother 他 慈爱的祖母* give sb an adoring look 向某人投以爱慕的目光. adoringly adv. adorn / E5dR:n; E`dRrn/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth/sb/oneself (with sth) add beauty or ornament to sth/sb/oneself 装饰某物[某人/自己]; 装点; 佩带; 装扮: admire the paintings that adorn the walls 欣赏那些装点四壁的绘画* The dancer was adorned with flowers. 跳舞的人戴著很多花. adornment n. 1 [U] act of adorning 装饰; 装点; 佩带; 装扮: a simple dress without adornment 朴素而无装饰的连衣裙. 2 [C] thing that adorns; ornament 装饰物; 装饰品: Many adornments were carved on the temple walls. 寺院的墙壁上刻著很多装饰物. adrenal / E5dri:nl; E`drinl/ adj (anatomy 解) close to the kidneys 肾旁的; 肾上的. adrenal gland ( anatomy 解) either of the two ductless glands above the kidney that produce adrenalin 肾上腺. adrenalin / E5drenElIn; Ed`rZnlIn/ n [U] (medical 医) (a) hormone produced by the adrenal glands that increases the heart rate and stimulates the nervous system, causing a feeling of excitement 肾上 腺素. (b) this substance prepared synthetically for medical use （药用）合成肾上腺素. adrift / E5drIft; E`drIft/ adj [pred 作表语] 1 (a) (esp of a boat) driven by wind and water and out of control; drifting （尤指船）随风及水流漂浮而失去控制; 漂浮: cut a boat adrift from its moorings 割断系索使小船漂离系泊处* The survivors were adrift on a raft for six days. 幸存者在筏子上漂 浮了六天. (b) (fig 比喻) having no purpose; aimless 没有目的; 无目标: young people adrift in our big cities 在我们大城市四处游荡的年轻人* turn sb adrift, ie send sb away without help or support 逐出某人（使其漂泊流浪）. 2 (infml 口) (a) unfastened; loose 脱开; 松开: Part of the car's bumper had come adrift. 汽车的保险杠有一处松动了. (b) out of order; wrong 有故障; 出错; 有毛病: Our plans went badly adrift. 我们的计划严重受挫. adroit / E5drRIt; E`drRIt/ adj ~ (at/in sth) skilful; clever 熟练的; 机敏的; 灵巧的: the minister's adroit handling of the crisis 部长应付难关的巧妙手段* He soon became adroit at steering the boat. 他很快就熟练掌握了驾船技术. Cf 参看 maladroit. adroitly adv adroitness n. [U]. adsorb / Ad5sR:b; Ad`sRrb/ v [Tn] (usu of a solid) attract and hold (a gas or liquid) to its surface （常 指固体）吸附（气体或液体）至其表面: Iron adsorbs oxygen. 铁能吸附氧. adsorbent / -Ent; -Ent/ adj. adsorption / Ed5sR:pFn; Ad`sRrpFEn/ n [U]. ADT / 9eI di: 5ti:; 9e di `ti/ abbr 缩写= (in Canada, Puerto Rico and Bermuda) Atlantic Daylight Time （用于加拿大, 波多黎各, 百慕大的）大西洋夏令时间. adulation / 9AdjU5leIFn; ?@ 9AdVU5l-; 9AdVE`leFEn/ n [U] excessive admiration or praise; flattery 谄媚; 奉承; 吹捧; 恭维: the fans' adulation of their favourite pop stars 歌迷们对他们所喜爱的流 行曲歌手的吹捧. adulatory adj. adult / 5AdQlt, also E5dQlt; `AdQlt, E`dQlt/ adj 1 (a) grown to full size or strength 发育成熟的: adult monkeys 发育成熟的猴子. (b) intellectually and emotionally mature 智力及情感上已成熟 的: His behaviour is not particularly adult. 他的举止行为还不太成熟. 2 (law 律) old enough to vote, marry, etc 已成人的（已达投票, 结婚等年龄的）. adult n. adult person or animal 成年的人或动物: These films are suitable for adults only. 这些电 影只适宜成人观看. * The bear was a fully grown adult. 那支熊已完全发育成熟. * [attrib 作定语] adult education, ie for those over the usual school age 成人教育（为超过学龄的人而设）. adulthood n. [U] state of being adult 成年: reach adulthood 已到成年. adulterate / E5dQltEreIt; E`dQltE9ret/ v [Tn] make (sth) poorer in quality by adding another substance 使（某物）质量因搀入它物而变劣; 搀假; 搀杂: adulterated milk, eg with water added 搀假的奶（如 加水的）. adulteration / E9dQltE5reIFn; E9dQltE`reFEn/ n [U]. adultery / E5dQltErI; E`dQltErI/ n [U] voluntary sexual intercourse between a married person and sb who is not that person's husband or wife 通奸: commit adultery 犯通奸. adulterer / E5dQltErE(r); E`dQltErL/ (fem 阴性作adulteress / E5dQltErIs; E`dQltErIs/) n person who commits adultery 通奸者. adulterous / E5dQltErEs; E`dQltErEs/ adj of or involving adultery 通奸的: have an adulterous affair with sb 与某人有奸情. adumbrate / 5AdQmbreIt; Ad`Qmbret/ v [Tn] (fml 文) 1 indicate (sth) faintly or in outline 略微地 或概括地暗示（某事物）. 2 suggest (esp a coming event) in advance; foreshadow 预示, 预告（尤 指即将发生的事）;预兆. adumbration / 9dQm5breIFn; 9AdQm`breFEn/ n [U, C]. advance / Ed5vB:ns; ?@ -5vns; Ed`vAns/ n 1 [C usu sing 通常作单数] forward movement 前进; 推进; 前移: The enemy's advance was halted. 敌军的推进遭到了遏止., 2 (a) [U] progress 进步; 发展: the continued advance of civilization 文明的不断进步. (b) [C] ~ (in sth) improvement 改进; 进展; 改善: recent advances in medical science 医学上的新进展. 3 [C] ~ (on sth) increase in price or amount 价格或数量的增加: `Any advance on (ie Who will offer more than) 20?' called the auctioneer. 拍卖人喊道榶‘20 英镑, 还有增加的吗?’ * Share prices showed significant advances today. 今日股票价格大幅上涨. 4 [C] money paid before it is due, or for work only partially completed; loan 预付; 预支; 借贷: The bank gave/made her an advance of 500. 银行贷给她500 英 镑. * She asked for an advance on her salary. 她请求预支薪水. 5 advances [pl] ~ (to sb) attempts to establish a friendly or an amorous relationship or a business agreement 亲近; 套交情; 求爱; 拉关系: He made advances to her. 他向她示爱. * She rejected his advances. 她拒绝了他的追求. 6 (idm 习语) in advance (of sth) beforehand; ahead in time 预先; 事先; 事前: The rent must be paid in advance. 租金须预付. * Send your luggage on in advance. 请把行李预先送出. * It's impossible to know in advance what will happen. 预知未来发生的事是不可能的. * Galileo's ideas were well in advance of the age in which he lived. 伽利略的思想远远超越了他所生活的时代. advance adj. [attrib 作定语] 1 going before others 先行的; 先头的: the advance party, ie a group (of explorers, soldiers, etc) sent on ahead 先遣队; 先头部队., 2 done or provided in advance 预先做 好的; 预先供给的: give sb advance warning/notice of sth 对某事物给某人预先警告[通知] * make an advance booking, ie reserve a hotel room, a seat in a theatre, etc before the time when it is needed 预定（旅馆房间, 戏票等）* an advance copy of a new book, ie one supplied before publication 新 书样本（出版前提供者）. advancement / Ed5vB:nsmEnt; ?@ -5vnsmEnt; Ed`vAnsmEnt/ n [U] 1 act of advancing; furthering 前进; 进步; 促进; 推进; 提出; 预付; 提前; （价格）上涨: the advancement of learning 学问的 进展. 2 promotion in rank or status 级别或地位的晋升; 升级: The job offers good opportunities for advancement. 这份工作有很好的晋升机会. advantage / Ed5vB:ntIdV; ?@ -5vn-; Ed`vAntIdV/ n 1 (a) [C] ~ (over sb) condition or circumstance that gives one superiority or success (esp when competing with others) （尤指与他人竞争时）优越 的或成功的条件或环境; 优势: gain an advantage over an opponent 获得超越对手的优势* He has the advantage of a steady job. 他有工作稳定的有利条件. * Her French upbringing gives her certain advantages over other students in her class. 她有法国式的教养, 使她比班上其他同学略胜一筹. (b) [U] benefit; profit 益处; 利益: There is little advantage in buying a dictionary if you can't read. 如果 不识字, 买字典就没有什么用了. 2 [sing] (in tennis) first point scored after deuce （网球中）局末 或盘末平分后所得的第一分: [attrib 作定语] Becker reached advantage point several times before losing the game. 贝克于打平局后曾有几次先得分, 后来才输的. 3 (idm 习语) have the advantage of sb be in a better position than sb, esp in knowing sth that he does not know 比某人强, 占上风（尤指知其所不知）: You have the advantage of me, I'm afraid, eg said when a stranger addresses one by name. 您认识我, 我还不认识您, 失敬得很（如被陌生人直呼姓名时所说的话）. take advantage of sth/sb (a) make use of sth well, properly, etc 充分利用: They took full advantage of the hotel's facilities. 他们充分利用旅馆的设备. (b) make use of sb/sth unfairly or deceitfully to get what one wants; exploit sb/sth （为达到个人目的而不正当地或不老实地）利用某人或某事: She took advantage of my generosity, ie took more than I had intended to give. 她利用了我的慷慨（取得 比我想给的多）. * He's using his charm to try to take advantage of her, ie seduce her. 他用魅力企图 占她的便宜（诱奸她）. to ad`vantage in a way that shows the best aspects of sth 用某种方法使优点 突出: The picture may be seen to (its best) advantage against a plain wall. 这幅画衬在素墙上就更加 （格外）好看了. to sb's advantage with results which are profitable or helpful to sb 其结果对某人有 利或有帮助: The agreement is/works to our advantage. 协议对我们有利. turn sth to one's (own) ad`vantage cause (a situation or an event) to lead to personal profit; make the most of sth 使（情况或 事情）导致个人获利; 充分利用某事物. advantage v. [Tn] (fml 文) be beneficial to (sb); profit 有益于（某人）; 有利于. advantageous / 9dvEn5teIdVEs; 9AdvEn`tedVEs/ adj ~ (to sb) profitable; beneficial 有利的; 有益 的. advantageously adv. advent / 5AdvEnt; `AdvZnt/ n [sing] 1 the ~ of sth/sb the approach or arrival of (an important person, event, etc) （重要人物, 事件等的）来临, 到来: With the advent of the new chairman, the company began to prosper. 随著新主席的到来, 公司也开始有了起色. 2 Advent (a) the period (with four Sundays) before Christmas 基督降临节（圣诞节前包括四个星期日的期间）: [attrib 作定语] Advent hymns 基督降临节圣歌. (b) (Bible 圣经) the coming of Christ 基督降临. Adventist / 5dvEntIst, also Ed5ventIst; `AdvZntIst/ n member of a religious group believing that Christ's second coming is very near 基督复临论者（相信基督即将复临的教徒）. adventitious / 9Adven5tIFEs; 9AdvZn`tIFEs/ adj (fml 文) not planned; accidental 未经计划的; 偶然 的: an adventitious occurrence 偶发事件. adventure / Ed5ventFE(r); Ed`vZntFL/ n 1 [C] unusual, exciting or dangerous experience or undertaking 不寻常的, 有刺激性的或危险的经历或工作; 奇遇; 冒险: have an adventure 有一次 奇遇* her adventures in Africa 她在非洲的冒险经历. 2 [U] excitement associated with danger, taking risks, etc 涉及危险, 冒险等的刺激: a love/ spirit/ sense of adventure 对冒险的爱好[冒险的 精神/冒险的意识] * a life full of adventure 充满惊险刺激的生活 * [attrib 作定语] adventure stories 惊险故事. adventurer / Ed5ventFErE(r); Ed`vZntFErL/ (fem 阴性作 adventuress / Ed5ventFErIs; Ed`vZntFErIs/) n 1 person who seeks adventures 冒险家. 2 (often derog 常作贬义) person who is ready to take risks or act dishonestly, immorally, etc in seeking personal gain 投机分子（为谋私利 甘冒风险或做不诚实, 不道德的事的人）. adventurous adj. 1 eager for or fond of adventure 渴望冒险的; 喜欢冒险的: adventurous children 喜欢冒险的儿童. 2 full of danger and excitement 充满危险和刺激的; 惊险的: an adventurous holiday 惊险刺激的假日. adventurously adv. adventure playground playground containing objects and structures of wood, metal, etc for children to play with, in or on 惊 险乐园（内有木制, 铁制等物体或构架供儿童玩耍或攀登）. adverb / 5Adv\:b; `Adv[b/ n (grammar) word that adds more information about place, time, circumstance, manner, cause, degree, etc to a verb, an adjective, a phrase or another adverb 副词（对 动词, 形容词, 短语或另一副词增加地点, 时间, 环境, 方式, 原因, 程度等信息的词）: In `speak kindly', `incredibly deep', `just in time' and `too quickly', `kindly', `incredibly', `just' and `too' are all adverbs. 在speak kindly, incredibly deep, just in time, too quickly 中, kindly, incredibly, just, too 都是 副词. adverbial / Ed5v\:bIEl; Ed`v[bIEl/ adj of, like or containing an adverb 副词或状语的; 像副词或状 语的; 含有副词或状语的: `Very quickly indeed' is an adverbial phrase. very quickly indeed 是状语 短语. adverbially / Ad5v\:bIElI; Ad`v[bIElI/ adv. adversary / 5AdvEsErI; ?@ -serI; `AdvL9sZrI/ n opponent in a contest; enemy 竞赛中的对手; 敌手: He defeated his old adversary. 他击败了他的老对手. adverse / 5Adv\:s; Ad`v[s/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] 1 (a) not favourable; contrary 不利的; 相反 的: adverse winds, weather conditions, circumstances 逆风, 恶劣的天气, 逆境. (b) hostile; opposing 敌对的; 反对的: adverse criticism 非难* an adverse reaction to the proposals 对那些建 议的异议. 2 harmful 有害的: the adverse effects of drugs 药物的有害的副作用. > adversely adv: His health was adversely affected by the climate. 他的健康因气候影响而严重受损. adversity / Ed5v\:sEtI; Ed`v[sEtI/ n 1 [U] unfavourable conditions; trouble 逆境; 不幸; 厄运: remain cheerful in adversity 处于逆境而仍乐观* face adversity with courage 有勇气面对厄运. 2 [C] unfortunate event or circumstances 不幸的事件或遭遇; 祸事; 苦难: She overcame many adversities. 她饱经祸患而百折不挠. advert / 5Adv\:t; Ad`v[t/ n (Brit infml 口) = advertisement 2 (advertise) . advertise / 5AdvEtaIz; `AdvL9taIz/ v 1 [Tn] make (sth) generally or publicly known 使（某事物） 尽人皆知; 公布; 宣传: advertise a meeting, a concert, a job 公布[宣传]一次会议, 一次音乐会, 一 项工作* It may be safer not to advertise your presence. 不把你出席的事声张出去也许更为安全. 2 [I, Tn] praise (sth) publicly in order to encourage people to buy or use it 公开赞扬（某事物）以鼓 动别人购买或使用; 做广告宣传; 登广告宣传: advertise on TV, in a newspaper 在电视上做广告, 在报纸上登广告* advertise soap, one's house, one's services 做广告宣传肥皂, 自己的房子, 自己 的服务. 3 [Ipr] ~ for sb/sth ask for sb/sth by placing a notice in a newspaper, etc 在报刊等上面登 徵求某人或某事物的广告: I must advertise for a new secretary. 我得刊登广告聘请一位新秘书. advertisement / Ed5v\:tIsmEnt; ?@ 9AdvEr5taIzmEnt; 9AdvL`taIzmEnt/ n 1 [U] action of advertising 出公告; 做广告; 登广告: [attrib 作定语] the advertisement page 广告专页. 2 [C] (also advert, ad) ~ (for sb/sth) public notice offering or asking for goods, services, etc 广告（推销或徵 求货物, 服务等）: If you want to sell your old sofa, why not put an advertisement in the local paper? 你若打算卖掉旧沙发, 何不在本地报纸上登个广告呢? advertiser n. person who advertises 登广告的人. advertising n. [U] 1 action of advertising 广告宣传; 做广告; 登广告: [attrib 作定语] a national advertising campaign 一场全国性的广告宣传攻势. 2 business that deals with the publicizing of goods, esp to increase sales 广告业; 广告事务: He works in advertising. 他从事广告业. * Cigarette advertising should be banned. 应该禁止香烟的广告业务. * [attrib 作定语] advertising revenue 广 告收入. advice / Ed5vaIs; Ed`vaIs/ n [U] 1 opinion given about what to do or how to behave 劝告; 忠告; 建议: act on/follow/take sb's advice, ie do what sb suggests 听从[遵从/接受]某人的劝告 * You should take legal advice, ie consult a lawyer. 你应该徵询律师的意见. * My advice to you would be to wait. 我劝你等著. * If you take my advice you'll see a doctor. 如果你听我的话, 就去看病. * Let me give you a piece/a bit/a few words/a word of advice.... 让我给你一项[一点/几句话的/一句话的] 忠告.... 2 (esp commerce 尤用于商业) formal note giving information about a transaction, etc （关 于交易等资料的）通知: We received advice that the goods had been dispatched. 我们收到了关于货 物已发出的通知. * [attrib 作定语] an advice note 通知单. advisable / Ed5vaIzEbl; Ed`vaIzEbl/ adj [usu pred 通常作表语] worth recommending as a course of action; sensible 可取; 明智: Do you think it advisable to wait? 你认为等著好不好? advisability / Ed9vaIzE5bIlEtI; Ed9vaIzE`bIlEtI/ n [U]. advisable / Ed5vaIzEbl; Ed`vaIzEbl/ adj [usu pred 通常作表语] worth recommending as a course of action; sensible 可取; 明智: Do you think it advisable to wait? 你认为等著好不好? advisability / Ed9vaIzE5bIlEtI; Ed9vaIzE`bIlEtI/ n [U]. advise / Ed5vaIz; Ed`vaIz/ v 1 [Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr, Tf, Tw, Tg, Dn.f, Dn.w, Dn.t] ~ (sb) against sth/doing sth; ~ sb (on sth) give advice to sb; recommend 劝告; 忠告; 建议: The doctor advised (me to take) a complete rest. 医生让（我）完全休息. * They advised her against marrying quickly. 他们劝她不要 太快结婚. * She advises the Government on economic affairs. 她向政府提出经济方面的建议. * We advised that they should start early/advised them to start early. 我们建议他们应该及早开始. [我们 建议他们及早开始.] * I'd advise taking a different approach. 我建议换个方式. * You would be well advised (ie sensible) to stay indoors. 你最好待在屋. * Can you advise (me) what to do next? 你看 （我）下一步怎么办? 2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.f, Dn.w] ~ sb (of sth) (esp commerce 尤用于商业) inform or notify sb 通知或告知某人: Please advise us of the dispatch of the goods/when the goods are dispatched. 货物发出[货物发出时]请通知我们. advisedly / Ed5vaIzIdlI; Ed`vaIzIdlI/ adv (fml 文) after careful thought; deliberately 深思熟虑的; 故意的: I use these words advisedly. 我是特意用这些字的. adviser (also esp US advisor) n. ~ (to sb) (on sth) person who gives advice, esp sb who is regularly consulted 顾问: serve as special adviser to the President 作总统的特别顾问. advisory / Ed5vaIzErI; Ed`vaIzErI/ adj having the power to advise; giving advice 有权进言的; 顾问 的; 咨询的: an advisory committee, body, role 咨询委员会, 机关, 任务. advocacy / 5AdvEkEsI; `AdvEkEsI/ n [U] 1 ~ (of sth) giving of support (to a cause, etc) 拥护（一事 业等）; 鼓吹; 提倡; 主张: She is well known for her advocacy of women's rights. 她因鼓吹妇权运 动而甚为知名. 2 (law 律) profession or work of an advocate(2) 律师的职业或工作. advocacy / 5AdvEkEsI; `AdvEkEsI/ n [U] 1 ~ (of sth) giving of support (to a cause, etc) 拥护（一事 业等）; 鼓吹; 提倡; 主张: She is well known for her advocacy of women's rights. 她因鼓吹妇权运 动而甚为知名. 2 (law 律) profession or work of an advocate(2) 律师的职业或工作. advocate / 5AdvEkeIt; `AdvEket/ v [Tn, Tf, Tg, Tsg] speak publicly in favour of (sth); recommend; support 拥护; 提倡; 支持: I advocate a policy of gradual reform. 我拥护逐步改革的政策. * Do you advocate banning cars in the city centre? 你支持禁止汽车在市中心通行这一主张吗? advocate / 5AdvEkEt; `AdvEkEt/ n 1 ~ (of sth) person who supports or speaks in favour of a cause, policy, etc （对一事业, 方针, 政策等的）支持者, 拥护者, 鼓吹者, 提倡者: a lifelong advocate of disarmament 为裁军奋斗终生的人. 2 person who pleads on behalf of another, esp a lawyer who presents a client's case in a lawcourt 律师. Cf 参看 barrister, solicitor. 3 (idm 习语) devil's advocate => devil. advt abbr. 缩写 = advertisement. adze (US adz) / Adz; Adz/ n tool like an axe with a blade at right angles to the handle used for cutting or shaping large pieces of wood 锛子. aegis / 5i:dVIs; `idVIs/ n (idm 习语) under the aegis of sb/sth with the protection or support of sb/sth, esp a public institution 在某人或某事物（尤指公共机构）的保护或支持下: Medical supplies are being flown in under the aegis of the Red Cross. 在红十字会的保护下, 正在空运进医药用品. aeon (also eon) / 5i:En; `iEn/ n period of time so long that it cannot be measured 极长而无法计算 的时期; 万古: The earth was formed aeons ago. 地球形成于亿万年前. aerate / 5eEreIt; `ZE9ret/ v [Tn] 1 add carbon dioxide to (a liquid) under pressure 加压充注二氧化 碳于（液体）: aerated water 汽水. 2 expose (sth) to the chemical action of air 将（某物）置于空 气中使其起化学作用: aerate the soil by digging it 翻地使土壤通气. aeration / eE5reIFn; 9ZE`reFEn/ n [U]. aerial / 5eErIEl; `ZrIEl/ (US antenna) n one or more wires or rods for sending or receiving radio waves 天线. =>illus at App 1 见附录1 之插图, page vii. aerial / 5eErIEl; `ZrIEl/ adj 1 from aircraft or the air 从飞行器上的; 从空中的: aerial bombardment, photography, reconnaissance 轰炸, 空中摄影术, 空中侦察. 2 existing or suspended in the air 存在或悬浮于空中的: an aerial railway 架空铁道; 高架铁道. 3 (arch 古) of or like air （似）空气的. aerie = eyrie. aero- : comb form 构词成分of air or aircraft 空气的; 飞行器的: aerodynamic * aerospace. aerobatics / 9eErE5bAtIks; 9ZrE`bAtIks/ n 1 [pl] spectacular feats performed with aircraft, esp as part of a display, eg flying upside-down or in loops 特技飞行（尤指表演项目, 如翻身或翻斛斗飞 行）: The aerobatics were the best part of the show. 表演中最精彩的节目是特技飞行. 2 [sing v] art of performing these 特技飞行术: Aerobatics is a dangerous sport. 特技飞行是危险的运动. aerobatic adj. aerobics / eE5rEUbIks; Z`robIks/ n [pl] energetic physical exercises done in order to increase the amount of oxygen taken into the body 有氧运动（为增加体内氧气的健身运动）; 健美操; 健身操. aerodrome / 5eErEdrEUm; `ZrE9drom/ n (dated 旧esp Brit) small airport or airfield, used mainly by private aircraft （主要为私人飞机使用的）小飞机场. aerodynamics / 9eErEUdaI5nAmIks; 9ZrodaI`nAmIks/ n [pl, usu sing v 通常与单数动词连用] science dealing with the forces acting on solid bodies (eg aircraft or bullets) moving through air 空气 动力学; 气体动力学. aerodynamic adj. aeronautics / 9eErE5nR:tIks; 9ZrE`nRtIks/ n [pl, usu sing v 通常与单数动词连用] scientific study or practice of flying and navigating aircraft 航空学; 航空术. > aeronautic, aeronautical / -5nR:tIkl; -`nRtIkl/ adjs: aeronautical engineering, skills 航空工程的; 航空技术的. aeroplane / 5eErEpleIn; `ZrE9plen/ (US airplane / 5eErpleIn; `Zr9plen/) n aircraft that is heavier than air, with wings and one or more engines 飞机. aerosol / 5eErEsCl; ?@ -sR:l; `ZrE9sRl/ n (a) [U] substance (eg scent, paint, insecticide) sealed in a container under pressure, with a device for releasing it as a fine spray 加压密封于容器中用喷雾装 置释放出来的物质（如香水, 颜料, 杀虫剂）; 喷雾剂: [attrib 作定语] an aerosol can 喷雾罐. =>illus at can 见can 之插图. (b) [C] such a container 喷雾器; 雾化器: Deodorants are available as aerosols or roll-ons. 除臭剂有喷雾装或滚抹装. aerospace / 5eErEUspeIs; `Zro9spes/ n [U] 1 the earth's atmosphere and the space beyond it 地球大 气层及其外面的宇宙空间; 航空航天空间. 2 technology of aircraft, spacecraft, etc that operate in this 航空航天技术: [attrib 作定语] the aerospace industry 航空航天工业. aesthete / 5i:sWi:t; `ZsWit/ (US also esthete / 5esWi:t; `ZsWit/) n (sometimes derog 有时作贬义) person who has or claims to have a fine appreciation of art and beauty 审美家. aesthetic / i:s5WetIk; Zs`WZtIk/ (US also esthetic / es5WetIk; Zs`WZtIk/) adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] 1 (a) concerned with beauty and the appreciation of beauty 有关美的; 美学的: aesthetic standards 美学标准* an aesthetic sense 美感. (b) appreciating beauty and beautiful things 对美和美的事物 欣赏的; 审美的: an aesthetic person 有美感的人. 2 pleasing to look at; artistic; tasteful 悦目的; 艺术的; 雅致的: aesthetic design 美观的设计* Their furniture was more aesthetic than practical. 他们的家具华而不实. aesthetically (US also es-) / -klI; -klI/ adv: aesthetically pleasing 美观可爱的. aestheticism / i:s5WetIsIzEm; Zs`WZtI9sIzEm/ (US also es-) n [U]. aesthetics (US also es-) n. [sing v] branch of philosophy dealing with the principles of beauty and artistic taste 美学（哲学中的一门学科, 研究美和艺术鉴赏的原理）. aetiology (US also etiology) / 9i:tI5ClEdVI; 9itI`BlEdVI/ n [U] 1 study of causes and reasons 原 因论（对原因及成因的研究）. 2 (medicine 药) study of the causes of disease 病原学; 病因学: the aetiology of malaria 疟疾的病因研究. afar / E5fB:(r); E`fBr/ adv 1 at or to a distance 在远处; 到远处: lights visible afar off 远处能见到 的光. 2 (idm 习语) from a`far from a long distance away 从远处: news from afar 远方来的消息. affable / 5AfEbl; `AfEbl/ adj 1 polite and friendly 谦恭有礼的; 和蔼可亲的: affable to everybody 对每个人都彬彬有礼的* an affable reply 谦恭的回答. 2 easy to talk to 易于交谈的: He found her parents very affable. 他觉得她父母很好说话. affability / 9AfE5bIlEtI; 9AfE`bIlEtI/ n [U]. affably / -EblI; -EblI/ adv. affair / E5feE(r); E`fZr/ n 1 [sing] thing (to be) done; concern; matter 事; 事务; 事情: It's not my affair, ie I am not interested in or responsible for it. 那不是我的事. 2 affairs [pl] (a) personal business matters 个人的业务: put one's affairs in order 料理自己的业务. (b) matters of public interest 公共的事务: current/foreign/world affairs 时事[外交事务/世界事务] * affairs of state 国事; 国务; 政务. 3 [C esp sing 尤作单数] (a) event; happening 事件; 事情: We must try to forget this sad affair. 我们要尽量把这件难过的事忘掉. * The press exaggerated the whole affair wildly. 新闻 报道肆意夸大了整个事件. (b) event or series of events connected with a particular person, thing or place 与某人, 某物或某地有关的事件: the Suez affair 苏伊士事件. (c) organized social event 有 组织的社交活动: The wedding was a very grand affair. 那婚礼是件盛事. 4 [C] (infml 口) (following an adj 用于形容词之后) thing described in a specified way （具体描述的）东西, 物件: Her hat was an amazing affair of ribbons and feathers. 她那顶帽子是个有丝带和羽毛的绝妙物件. 5 [C] sexual relationship between people who are not married to each other 与配偶以外的人发生的 性关系: She's having an affair with her boss. 她和老板有暧昧关系. 6 (idm 习语) a state of affairs => state. affect / E5fekt; E`fZkt/ v [Tn] 1 have an influence on (sb/sth); produce an effect on 影响: The tax increases have affected us all. 加税已经影响了我们大家. * The change in climate may affect your health, ie be bad for you. 气候的变化可能影响你的健康. * Their opinion will not affect my decision. 他们的意见不会影响我的决定. 2 (of disease) attack (sb/sth); infect （指疾病）侵袭（某人[某物]）; 感染: Cancer had affected his lungs. 癌已侵及他的肺脏. 3 cause (sb) to have feelings of sadness or sympathy; touch 使（某人）有悲伤或同情的感觉; 感动: We were deeply affected by the news of her death. 她死亡的噩耗使我们深为感伤. affecting moving or touching 动人的; 感人的: an affecting appeal for help 感人的求助. affectingly adv. affect NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Affect is a verb meaning `have an influence on' *affect 是动词, 意 为‘影响’: Alcohol affects drivers' concentration. 酒精能影响司机的注意力. Effect is a noun meaning `result or influence'*effect 是名词, 意为‘效果’或‘影响’: Alcohol has a very bad effect on drivers. 酒精对司机的影响很大. It is also a (formal) verb meaning `accomplish' *effect 这个词还 是个（文雅的）动词, 意为‘完成’: They effected their escape in the middle of the night. 他们半 夜逃脱了. affect / E5fekt; E`fZkt/ v 1 [Tn] (often derog 常作贬义) make an obvious show of using, wearing or liking (sth) 炫耀（所使用, 穿戴或爱好的事物）: affect bright colours, bow ties 炫耀鲜艳的颜色, 蝶形领结* He affects a pretentious use of language, ie tries to impress people by using obscure words, etc. 他爱卖弄词藻. 2 (a) [Tn, Tt] pretend to have or feel (sth) 装作; 假装: affect not to know sth/affect ignorance of sth 装作不知道某事[装作对某事物一无所知] * She affected a foreign accent. 她装出外国腔调. (b) [Ln] (fml 文) pretend to be (sth); pose as 装成; 扮成: She affects the helpless female. 她装成柔弱女性. affected / E5fektId; E`fZktId/ adj not natural or genuine; pretended; artificial 不自然的; 不真实的; 装扮的; 做作的: an affected politeness, cheerfulness, etc 虚伪的礼貌, 强作欢颜 * a highly affected style of writing 极为矫揉造作的写作风格* Do try not to be so affected. 千万别这么装模 作样的. affectation / 9Afek5teIFn; 9AfZk`teFEn/ n 1 [C, U] (instance of) unnatural behaviour, manner of speaking, etc, intended to impress others 为给人留有印象而作出不自然的样子; 做作: His little affectations irritated her. 他做作的小动作激怒了她. * I detest all affectation. 我厌恶一切矫揉造作 的行为. 2 [C] ~ (of sth) pretence; deliberate display (of sth that is not truly felt) 假装; 故意表现 （不是真正感觉的事物）: an affectation of interest, indifference, etc 装作有兴趣, 假装不在乎. affection / E5fekFn; E`fZkFEn/ n 1 [U, C usu pl 通常作复数] ~ (for/towards sb/sth) feeling of fondness; love 喜爱; 爱: He felt great affection for his sister. 他很疼他的妹妹. * The old king was held in great affection. 年老的国王极受爱戴. * I tried to win her affection(s). 我尽力讨她的欢心. 2 [C] (dated 旧) disease or diseased condition 疾病; 病情: an affection of the throat 咽喉疾患. affectionate / E5fekFEnEt; E`fZkFEnEt/ adj ~ (towards sb) showing fondness (for sb); loving （向某 人）示爱的; 爱的: an affectionate child 有爱心的孩子* affectionate kisses, words, smiles 示爱的 吻, 话, 微笑* He is very affectionate towards his children. 他很爱他的孩子. > affectionately adv: He patted her affectionately on the head. 他疼爱地拍拍她的头. * Yours affectionately, ie used at the end of a letter to a close relative or friend. 你亲爱的（用于给至亲好友的书信末尾）. affiance / E5faIEns; E`faIEns/ v [usu passive 通常用于被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (to sb) (dated or fml 旧或文) promise sb in marriage 和某人订婚: He is affianced to the princess, ie engaged to marry her. 他和公主订婚了. affidavit / 9AfI5deIvIt; 9AfE`devIt/ n (law 律) written statement that can be used as evidence in court, made by sb who swears that it is true （宣誓属实可用作法庭证据的）书面证词; 宣誓书: swear/make/take/sign an affidavit 订立[签署]宣誓书. affiliate / E5fIlIeIt; E`fIlI9et/ v [usu passive 通常用于被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (to/with sb/sth) attach (a person, a society, an institution, etc) to a larger organization 使（个人, 社团, 机构等）隶属 于一较大组织; 使接纳为成员: We are affiliated with the national group. 我们隶属于国营组织. * The College is affiliated to the University. 这所学院附属于这所大学. affiliate / E5fIlIEt; E`fIlIEt/ n affiliated person, institution, etc 被接纳的人, 隶属的机构等: [attrib 作定语] affiliate members 会员. affiliation / E9fIlI5eIFn; E9fIlI`eFEn/ n 1 [U] affiliating or being affiliated 加入; 附属. 2 [C] link or connection made by affiliating （因加入而有的）联系或关系: The society has many affiliations throughout the country. 这个社团在全国有很多关系. affiliation order ( law 律) order compelling the father of an illegitimate child to help to support it 父 子关系确认令（令非婚生子之父协助抚养）. affinity / E5fInEtI; E`fInEtI/ n 1 [U, C] ~ (with sb/sth); ~ (between A and B) structural resemblance or similarity of character; relationship 构造相似; 特点相近; 关系: There is (a) close affinity between Italian and Spanish. 意大利语和西班牙语很近似. * Early man shows certain affinities with the ape. 早期的人类和猿有某些相似之处. 2 [C] ~ (to/for sb/sth); ~ (between A and B) strong liking for or attraction to sb/sth 强烈喜爱（某人[某事物]）: They share a special affinity. 他们有共 同的特殊爱好. * She has a strong affinity for Beethoven. 她酷爱贝多芬的乐曲. 3 [C] ~ (with sb) (law 律) relationship, esp by marriage （尤指姻亲）关系: He was not an impartial witness because of his affinity with the accused. 他不是公正的见证人, 因为他与被告有姻亲关系. 4 [C] ~ (for sth) (chemistry 化) tendency of certain substances to combine with others 亲和性; 亲和力: the affinity of salt for water 盐对水的亲和力. affirm / E5f\:m; E`f[m/ v 1 [Tn, Tf, Dn.pr, Dpr.f] ~ sth (to sb) state sth as the truth; assert sth 肯定 某事物属实; 断言某事物: She affirmed her innocence. 她坚称自己无罪. * He affirmed that he was responsible. 他肯定是他负责. Cf 参看 deny. 2 [I] (law 律) make a solemn declaration in court instead of swearing an oath （在法庭上不经宣誓而）郑重陈词. affirmation / 9AfE5meIFn; 9AfL`meFEn/ n 1 [C, U] (act of) affirming 肯定; 断言: The poem is a joyous affirmation of the power of love. 这首诗以欢快的笔触肯定了爱情的力量. 2 [C] (a) thing that is affirmed 肯定的事物. (b) (law 律) solemn declaration made in court instead of an oath （在法 庭上不经宣誓而作的）郑重陈词. affirmative / E5f\:mEtIv; E`f[mEtIv/ adj (of words, etc) expressing agreement; indicating `yes' （指言 语等）表示同意的; 意为‘是的’; 肯定的: an affirmative reply, nod, reaction 表示同意的回答, 点 头, 反应. Cf 参看 negative. affirmative n. 1 word or statement that expresses agreement 表示同意的词语或陈述. 2 (idm 习语) in the af`firmative (fml 文) expressing agreement 表示同意: He answered in the affirmative, ie said `yes'. 他作了肯定的回答. affirmatively adv. affix / E5fIks; E`fIks/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to/on sth) (fml 文) 1 stick, fasten or attach sth 粘上, 贴 上, 系住, 附上, 固定住某物: affix a stamp to an envelope 在信封上贴邮票* affix a seal on a document 在文件上盖印. 2 add sth in writing 添写上某事物: affix one's signature to a contract 在合同上签字. affix / 5AfIks; `AfIks/ n (grammar) letter or group of letters added to the beginning or the end of a word to change its meaning or the way it is used; prefix or suffix, eg un-, -esque and -less in unkind, picturesque and hopeless 词缀（加在一词的词首或词尾的字母, 以改变其含义或用法）; 前缀或 后缀（如unkind, picturesque 和hopeless 中的un-, -esque 和-less）. afflict / E5flIkt; E`flIkt/ v [usu passive 通常用于被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (with sth) cause trouble, pain or distress to sb/sth 使某人[某物]苦恼, 疼痛或悲痛: She is afflicted with (ie suffers from) arthritis. 她患关节炎. * Severe drought has afflicted the countryside. 严重的乾旱使乡村深受 其害. affliction / E5flIkFn; E`flIkFEn/ n (fml 文) 1 [U] pain; suffering; distress 疼痛; 折磨; 悲痛: help people in affliction 帮助受苦的人. 2 [C] thing that causes suffering 造成痛苦的事物: Blindness can be a terrible affliction. 失明有时极为痛苦. afflict / E5flIkt; E`flIkt/ v [usu passive 通常用于被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (with sth) cause trouble, pain or distress to sb/sth 使某人[某物]苦恼, 疼痛或悲痛: She is afflicted with (ie suffers from) arthritis. 她患关节炎. * Severe drought has afflicted the countryside. 严重的乾旱使乡村深受 其害. affliction / E5flIkFn; E`flIkFEn/ n (fml 文) 1 [U] pain; suffering; distress 疼痛; 折磨; 悲痛: help people in affliction 帮助受苦的人. 2 [C] thing that causes suffering 造成痛苦的事物: Blindness can be a terrible affliction. 失明有时极为痛苦. affluence / 5AflUEns; `AflJEns/ n [U] abundance of money, goods or property; wealth 丰富; 富裕: live in/live a life of affluence 生活优裕[过富裕的日子] * He quickly rose to affluence, ie became wealthy. 他很快就富起来了. affluent / 5AflUEnt; `AflJEnt/ adj rich; prosperous 富裕的; 丰富的; 繁荣的: affluent circumstances 富裕的环境* an affluent lifestyle 富足的生活方式* His parents were very affluent. 他的父母很 富裕. * the affluent society, ie one in which most people have a high standard of living 富足的社会 （多数人生活水平很高的社会）. afford / E5fR:d; E`fRrd/ v 1 [no passive 不用于被动语态: Tn, Tt] (usu with can, could or be able to 通常与can, could 或be able to 连用) have enough money, time, space, etc for (a specified purpose) 为（某目的）有足够的钱, 时间, 地方等: They walked because they couldn't afford (to take) a taxi. 他们因为坐不起计程车而步行. * You can't afford (ie are not in a position to spend) 90. 你可不能花 90 英镑. * I'd love to go on holiday but I can't afford the time. 我倒想去度假, 可是抽不出时间来. * We would give more examples if we could afford the space. 假如我们能匀出篇幅来, 就可以多举些 例子了. 2 [no passive 不用于被动语态: Tn, Tt] (usu with can orcould 通常与can 或could 连用) be able to do sth without risk to oneself 能不冒风险而做某事物: I mustn't annoy my boss because I can't afford to lose my job, ie must not take the risk of losing my job. 我可得罪不起老板, 因为我舍 不得丢掉这份工作. * You can ill afford to criticize others when you behave so badly yourself. 本身 行为不正, 则不宜批评别人. 3 [Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) (fml 文) provide sth; give sth 供给 某事物; 给予某事物: The tree afforded (us) welcome shade. 这棵树下好乘凉. * Television affords pleasure to many. 电视给很多人带来乐趣. afforest / E5fCrIst; ?@ E5fR:r-; E`fRrIst/ v [Tn] plant (areas of land) with trees to form a forest 造林 于（某地）. afforestation / E9fCrI5steIFn; ?@ E9fR:r-; E9fRrEs`teFEn/ n [U]. affray / E5freI; E`fre/ n (usu sing 通常作单数) (fml or law 文或律) disturbance of the peace caused by fighting or rioting in a public place 在公共场所扰乱治安, 吵架, 打架, 闹事, 滋事: The men were charged with causing an affray. 那些人被控扰乱治安. affront / E5frQnt; E`frQnt/ n (usu sing 通常作单数) ~ (to sb/sth) deliberately insulting or disrespectful remark, action, etc, esp in public （尤指当众）故意侮辱, 有意冒犯: His speech was an affront to all decent members of the community. 他的话对社区所有体面的成员是故意的侮辱. affront / E5frQnt; E`frQnt/ v [Tn usu passive 通常用于被动语态] insult (sb) deliberately and openly; offend 故意而公然地侮辱（某人）; 冒犯. affronted adj ~ (at/by sth) offended 被冒犯的; 被 得罪的: He felt deeply affronted at her rudeness. 他深为她的粗野所触怒. Afghan / 5Afgn; `Af-An/ n 1 (a) [C] native or inhabitant of Afghanistan 阿富汗人. (b) [U] language of Afghanistan 阿富汗语. 2 afghan [C] type of loose sheepskin coat 一种宽松的羊皮外 衣. Afghan hound tall breed of dog with long silky hair 阿富汗猎狗. aficionado / E9fIsjE5nB:dEU, also E9fIFj-; E9fisjE`nBdo, E9fIF-/ n (pl ~s) (Spanish 西) person who is very enthusiastic about a particular sport or pastime 非常热中于某项运动或消遣的人; 狂热爱好 者; 迷: an aficionado of bullfighting 斗牛迷. afield / E5fi:ld; E`fild/ adv (idm 习语) far/farther/further a`field far, etc away, esp from home; to or at a distance 远离（尤指家乡）; 到远方; 在远处: Some villagers have never been further afield than the neighbouring town. 有些村民从未远离过附近的市镇. * To find the causes of the problem we need look no further afield than our own department. 要找出问题所在, 不必超出我们本部门的范围. AFL-CIO / 9eI ef 5el 9si: aI 5EU; 9e Zf `Zl 9si aI `o/ abbr 缩写= (US) American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations 美国劳工联合会及产业工会联合会. aflame / E5fleIm; E`flem/ adj [pred 作表语] 1 (red as if) in flames; burning （红似）著火; 燃烧: The whole building was soon aflame. 整个建筑物不久就燃烧起来了. * Her cheeks were aflame. 她 的两颊绯红. * The autumn woods were aflame with colour. 那片秋林红似火. 2 very excited 非常 激动: aflame with desire 欲火如焚. afloat / E5flEUt; E`flot/ adj [pred 作表语] 1 floating in water or air （在水中或空中）漂浮著: The boat stuck on a sandbank but we soon got it afloat again. 小船在沙丘搁浅, 没过多久我们就又使它 航行自如了. * The ship was listing badly but still kept afloat. 船倾侧得很厉害, 但却仍然漂浮不沉. 2 at sea; on board ship 在海上; 在船上: enjoy life afloat 喜欢海上生活. 3 out of debt or difficulties 无债; 无困难: The firm managed to stay afloat during the recession. 在经济衰退期间, 公司设法渡过了难关. 4 functioning 起作用: get a new business afloat, ie start it 创办新的企业. 5 (of rumours) being generally talked about; circulating （指谣言）传播; 流传: There's a story afloat that he'll resign. 有个传闻说他要辞职. afoot / E5fUt; E`fJt/ adj [pred 作表语] being prepared or progressing 在准备中; 在进行中: There's mischief afoot, ie being planned. 有人准备捣鬼. * There's a scheme afoot to put a motorway through the park. 现在正酝酿著一个计划, 要修一条穿过公园的高速公路. aforementioned / E9fR:5menFEnd; E`fRr`mZnFEnd/ (also aforesaid / E5fR:sed; E`fRr9sZd/, said) adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (fml 文) (esp in legal documents) mentioned or referred to earlier （尤用于 法律文件）前面所述的, 上述的: The aforementioned (`person/`persons) was/were acting suspiciously. 前面所述的人行动可疑. aforethought / E5fR:WR:t; E`fRr9WRt/ adj (idm 习语) with malice aforethought => malice. afraid / E5freId; E`fred/ adj [pred 作表语] 1 (a) ~ (of sb/sth); ~ (of doing sth/to do sth) frightened 畏惧; 害怕: Don't be afraid. 不要怕. * There's nothing to be afraid of. 没有什么可害怕的. * Are you afraid of snakes? 你怕蛇吗? * He's afraid of going out/to go out alone at night. 他害怕夜晚独自 出去. * Don't be afraid (ie Don't hesitate) to ask for help if you need it. 倘若需要帮忙的话, 尽管提 出来（不必犹豫）. (b) ~ of doing sth/~ that... worried or anxious about (the possible result of sth) 担 忧或忧虑（某事物可能产生的后果）; 恐怕: I didn't mention it because I was afraid of upsetting him/afraid (that) I might upset him. 我没有提起那件事, 因为我怕他心烦意乱. * He's afraid of losing customers/that he might lose customers. 他怕失去顾客[可能失去顾客]. (c) ~ for sth/sb frightened or worried about things that may put sth/sb in danger 担心（某事物[某人]会遇到危险）: parents afraid for (the safety of) their children 为儿女（的安全）担忧的父母. 2 (idm 习语) be afraid of one's own shadow be very timid 很胆小; 非常胆怯. I'm afraid (that...) (usu without that, used to express politely a piece of information that may be unwelcome 通常不用 that, 用以有礼貌 地表达可能令人不快的信息) I am sorry to say 我很抱歉地说: I'm afraid we can't come. 很抱歉, 我们不能来. * I can't help you, I'm afraid. 我帮不了你的忙, 对不起. * `Have we missed the train?' `I'm afraid so.' ‘我们误了火车了吗?’‘很遗憾, 是误了.’ * `Have you any milk?' `I'm afraid not.' ‘你有牛奶吗?’‘对不起, 没有.’ afresh / E5freF; E`frZF/ adv again, esp from the very beginning （尤指从头）再; 重新: Let's start afresh. 咱们重新开始吧. * The work will have to be done afresh. 这工作得重新再做了. African / 5AfrIkEn; `AfrIkEn/ adj of Africa or its people or languages 非洲的; 非洲人的; 非洲语言 的. African n. native of Africa, esp a dark-skinned person 非洲土人（尤指黑皮肤的人）. African violet E African plant with purple, pink or white flowers, usu grown indoors 非洲紫罗兰. Afrikaans / 9AfrI5kB:ns; 9AfrI`kBns/ n [U] language developed from Dutch, spoken in S Africa 南非 荷兰语（源自荷兰语, 用于南非）. Afrikaans / 9AfrI5kB:ns; 9AfrI`kBns/ n [U] language developed from Dutch, spoken in S Africa 南非 荷兰语（源自荷兰语, 用于南非）. Afrikaner / 9AfrI5kB:nE(r); 9AfrI`kBnL/ n white S African, usu of Dutch descent, whose native language is Afrikaans 南非白人（通常为荷兰人后裔, 母语为南非荷兰语）. Afro / 5AfrEU; `Afro/ adj (of hair-style) very curly, thick and long, like the hair of some Blacks （指 发型, 像某些黑人的头发, 鬈曲, 浓密而长的）非洲式的. =>illus at hair 见hair 之插图. Afro- : comb form 构词成分 African; of Africa 非洲的: Afro-Asian, ie of Africa and Asia. Afro-American / 9AfrEU E5merIkEn; `AfroE`mZrIkEn/ adj of American Blacks or their culture 美国 黑人的; 美国黑人文化的. Afro-American n. American of African descent 美国黑人. aft / B:ft; ?@ Aft; Aft/ adv 1 in, near or towards the stern of a ship or the tail of an aircraft 在, 近或 向（船或飞行器）尾部. 2 (idm 习语) fore and aft => fore1. after / 5B:ftE(r); ?@ 5Af-; `AftL/ adv 1 later (in time) （在时间上）以后, 之后, 后来: The day after, he apologized. 次日, 他道歉了. * It reappeared long/soon after. 过后很久[不久]又出现了. * They lived happily ever after. 他们后来一直生活得很幸福. 2 behind (in place) （在位置上）在后: She followed on after. 她在后面跟著. Cf 参看before1. =>Usage at before2 用法见before2. afterglow n. [U] glow in the sky after sunset （日落后天空中的）余晖; 夕照; 晚霞. after / 5B:ftE(r); ?@ 5Af-; `AftL/ prep 1 (a) later than (sth) 比...更晚: leave after lunch, shortly after six, the day after tomorrow, the week after next 午餐后, 刚过六点钟, 后天, 下下星期离去 * (US) half after seven in the morning, ie 7.30 am 上午七点半. (b) sth ~ sth (indicating much repetition 表 示多次重复): day after day/week after week/year after year/time after time, ie very often 日复一日 [一星期一星期地/一年一年地/一次又一次地] * He fired shot after shot, ie many shots. 他一枪一枪 地发射. Cf 参看before2 1. =>Usage at before2 用法见before2. 2 behind (sb/sth) 在...后面: Shut the door after you when you go out. 出去时请随手关门. 3 next to and following (sb/sth) in order, arrangement or importance （在顺序, 排列或重要性上）在... 之后, 跟在...后面, 仅次于: C comes after B in the alphabet. 在字母表中C 接在B 后面. * Your name comes after mine on the list. 在名单 上你的名字在我的名字之后. * His book is the best on the subject after mine. 他的书对这一问题的 论述是最好的, 仅次于我的书. * After you, ie Please enter before me, serve yourself first, etc. 您先 请（然后再轮到我）. * After you with the salt. 您先用盐, 然后给我. =>Usage at before2 用法见 before2. 4 because of (sth); following 因为; 由于; 在...以后: After what he did to my family, I hate him. 由于他对我家的所作所为, 我才恨他. * After your conduct last time, did you expect to be invited again? 有了你上次的行为, 你以为还会邀请你吗? 5 in pursuit of or in search of (sb/sth) 追赶; 寻找; 探求: We ran after the thief. 我们追赶窃贼. * The police are after him. 警方正在追捕 他. * She's after (ie She wants) a job in publishing. 她正在找一份出版业的工作. 6 about (sb/sth); concerning 关于: They inquired after you, ie asked how you were. 他们问候你. 7 in spite of (sth) 尽管; 虽然: After everything I've done for him, he still ignores me. 尽管我什么都为他做了, 他还 是不理我. 8 in the style of (sb/sth); in imitation of 依照; 仿照: a painting after Rubens 一幅仿鲁 本斯的画 * draw up a constitution after the American model 仿照美国模式起草宪法 * We've named the baby after you, ie given him your first name in honour of you. 我们是用你的名字给这个 婴儿取名的. 9 (idm 习语) ,after `all (a) in spite of what has been said, done or expected 毕竟; 终 究; 归根结底: So you've come after all! 你到底还是来了! * After all, what does it matter? 归根结 底, 那有什么关系呢? (b) it should be remembered 应该记住: He should have offered to pay he has plenty of money, after all. 他应该主动提出付款--他有的是钱, 别忘了. afterbirth n. [sing] placenta and foetal membrane discharged from the womb after childbirth 胞衣; 胎盘和胎膜. after-damp n. [U] poisonous mixture of gases after the explosion of firedamp in a coal-mine （煤矿 沼气）爆炸后的毒气. afterlife n. [sing] existence that is thought by some to follow death 来生; 来世: Do you believe in an afterlife? 你相信有来生吗? aftershave n. [U, C] lotion used on the face after shaving （剃须后搽的）润肤液: [attrib 作定语] aftershave lotion 剃须后搽的润肤液. after / 5B:ftE(r); ?@ 5Af-; `AftL/ conj at or during a time later than (sth) 在...以后的时间或期间: I arrived after he (had) left. 我在他走后到的. * We'll arrive after you've left. 我们将在你走以后到达. Cf 参看 before3. after / 5B:ftE(r); ?@ 5Af-; `AftL/ adj [attrib 作定语] 1 later; following 以后的; 后来的: in after years 在以后的年月. 2 nearer the stern of a ship 靠近船的后部的: the `after cabins 后舱. aftermost adj. furthest aft 最后面的. afternoon / 9B:ftE5nu:n; ?@ 9Af-; 9AftL`nun/ n [U, C] time from midday or lunch-time to about 6 pm or sunset (if this is earlier) 下午: in/during the afternoon 在下午 * this/yesterday/tomorrow afternoon 今天[昨天/明天]下午 * every afternoon 每天下午* on Sunday afternoon 在星期日下 午* on the afternoon of 12 May 在5 月12 日下午* one afternoon last week 上星期的一个下午 * She goes there two afternoons a week. 她每星期有两天下午到那里去. * [attrib 作定语] an afternoon sleep, performance, train 午觉, 午后表演, 下午班火车 * afternoon tea 下午茶点. =>Usage at morning 用法见morning. afternoons adv in the afternoons as a practice or habit （通常或习惯）在下午: Afternoons, he works at home. 下 午他都在家工作. after-care n. [U] attention or treatment given to a person who has just left hospital, prison, etc （对出 院出狱等的人给予的）事后护理或安置: [attrib 作定语],after-care `services 事后服务. after-effect n. effect that occurs afterwards, eg a delayed effect of a drug used medically 后效（如用 药后延迟的效应）; effect that occurs after its cause has gone 后遗效应; 副作用: suffer from/feel no unpleasant after-effects 感到[未感到]有不良的副作用. after-image n. sensation retained by one of the senses, esp the eye, after the original stimulus has stopped 后遗感觉; （尤指）残留影像, 后像, 余像; 余音; 余味; 余感色. after-taste n. [sing] 1 taste that stays after eating or drinking sth 余味: wine which leaves an unpleasant aftertaste (in the mouth) （在口中）留有不良余味的酒. 2 (fig 比喻) impression or feeling that stays in the mind 回味. afterthought n. thing that is thought of or added later 事后想到或添加的事物: Just as an afterthought why not ask Jim? 这是事后想起的--为什么不问问吉姆呢? * The film was made first and the music was added as an afterthought. 这部电影是先拍摄画面的, 音乐是后加上的. * Mary was a bit of an afterthought her brothers and sisters are all much older than her. 玛丽算是后添的- 她哥哥姐姐都比她大得多. afterwards / 5B:ftEwEdz; ?@ 5Af-; `AftLwLdz/ (US also afterward) adv at a later time 后来; 然后; 以后: Let's go to the theatre first and eat afterwards. 咱们先去看戏, 然后再吃吧. Cf 参看 before1. =>Usage at before2 用法见before2. again / E5gen, E5geIn; E`-Zn, E`-en/ adv 1 once more; another time 再一次; 又; 再: Try again. 再试一次. * Say that again, please. 请再说一遍. * Here comes Joe, drunk again. 乔来了, 又喝醉了. * Do call again. 一定再来电话啊. * Don't do that again. 别再做那种事了. * This must never happen again. 这样的事决不可以再发生了. 2 as before; to or in the original place or condition 如 前; 恢复原状: He was glad to be home again. 他又回到家 , 感到很高兴. * Back again already? 已经又回来了? * You'll never get the money back again. 那笔钱你再也弄不回来了. * You'll soon be well again. 你不久就会康复. * I'm glad he's himself/his old self again, ie that he has returned to his normal state again after a shock, an illness, etc. 他又恢复正常[老样子]了, 我感到很高兴. 3 (a) likewise; furthermore 同样地; 也; 此外; 而且; 再者: Again, we have to consider the legal implications. 再者, 我们还要考虑到法律方面的含义. (b) on the other hand 另一方面: I might, and (there/then) again I might not. 我可能, 可也不一定. 4 in addition 增加: I'd like as many/much again, ie twice as many/much. 我愿再增加一倍. * half as much again, ie one-and-a-half times as much 增加一半. 5 (idm 习语) a,gain and a`gain repeatedly 反复地; 屡次地; 一再地; 再三地: I've told you again and again not to do that. 我三番五次地告诉过你, 不要做那种事. against / E5genst, E5geInst; E`-Znst, E`-enst/ prep 1 in opposition to (sb/sth) 逆著; 反对; 违反; 与...相反: We were rowing against the current. 我们逆水划船. * Are most people against the proposal? 是多数人都反对这项提议吗? * That's against the law. 那是违法的. * She was married against her will. 她结婚是有违本意的. * His age is against him, ie is a disadvantage to him. 他的年 龄于他不利. 2 in contact with (sb/sth); into collision with 触; 碰; 倚; 靠; 撞: Put the piano there, with its back against the wall. 把钢琴放在那 , 背靠著墙. * He was leaning against a tree. 他倚著 一棵树. * The rain beat against the car windscreen. 雨点打在汽车挡风玻璃上. 3 in contrast to (sth) 衬托; 相映; 对照; 对比: silhouetted against the sky 以天空为背景显出轮廓的* The skier's red clothes stood out clearly against the snow. 滑雪者的红衣服在雪的衬托下显得分外醒目. * (fig 比 喻) The salaries here are low (as) against the rates elsewhere. 这的薪水与别处相比是很低的. 4 in preparation for (sth); in anticipation of 防备; 预防: protect plants against frost 保护植物以防霜 冻* take precautions against fire 采取防火措施* an injection against rabies 狂犬病预防针. 5 opposite (sth), so as to cancel or lessen 抵销; 抵偿; 抵补: allowances to be set against income 用以 抵补总收入的津贴. 6 in return for (sth) 作为...的交换: What's the rate of exchange against the dollar? 美元的兑换率是多少? * Tickets are issued only against payment of the full fee. 只有付讫全 费才可将票发出. 7 (idm 习语) as against sth => as. agape / E5geIp; E`-ep/ adj [pred 作表语] ~ (with sth) (of the mouth) wide open, esp with wonder （指嘴）大张著（尤指因惊奇）: He watched with mouth agape. 他张著大嘴注视著. agate / 5AgEt; `A-Et/ n [U, C] type of very hard semiprecious stone with bands or patches of colour 玛瑙: a brooch made of agate 玛瑙做的饰针 * [attrib 作定语] an agate ring 玛瑙戒指. age / eIdV; edV/ n 1 [C, U] length of time that a person has lived or a thing has existed 人所生活的 或事物所存在的期间; 年龄; 年岁; 年纪; 寿命: What age is he? 他多大年纪? * He's six years of age/six years old. 他六岁. * Their ages are two and ten. 他们的年龄是一个两岁, 一个十岁. * At what age did she retire? 她多少岁退休的? * I left school at the age of 18. 我中学毕业时18 岁. * When I was your age... 当我像你这样年纪时... * We have a son your age. 我们有个儿子和你同岁. * He lived to a great age. 他活到很大年纪. * Geologists have calculated the age of the earth. 地质学 家已经计算出了地球的年龄. * [attrib 作定语] Anyone can enter the contest there's no age limit, ie no one will be regarded as too old or too young. 任何人均可参加竞赛--无年龄限制. =>App 4 见附 录4. 2 [U] latter part of life; old age 生命的后期; 老年; 晚年: the wisdom that comes with age 因 年老而积累的智慧* His face was wrinkled with age. 他的脸因苍老而起皱. * Fine wine improves with age. 美酒陈年味更醇. Cf 参看youth 1, 2. 3 [C] period of history with special characteristics or events （具有某种特徵或特殊事件的）历史时期; 时代: the Elizabethan Age, ie the time of Queen Elizabeth I of England 伊丽莎白时代（英国女王伊丽莎白一世的时代）* the modern age, the nuclear age, the age of the microchip 现代, 核子时代, 微晶片时代. 4 [Cusu pl 通常作复数] (infml 口) very long time 极长的时间; 很久: I waited (for) ages/an age. 我等候很久了. * It took (us) ages to find a place to park. （我们）找了好半天才找到个停车的地方. 5 (idm 习语) the age/years of discretion => discretion. at a tender age/of tender age => tender1. the awkward age => awkward. ,be/,come of `age reach the age at which one has an adult's legal rights and obligations 成年; 达到法定年龄. ,be your `age (infml 口) (esp imperative 尤用于祈使语气) behave as sb of your age should and not as though you were much younger 年纪不小了（举止应与你年纪相称, 不要装成更 小的样子）. feel one's age => feel. in this day and age => day. ,look one's `age seem as old as one really is 容貌与年龄相称: She doesn't look her age at all, ie appears much younger than she really is. 她一点儿也不像那么大年纪（显得年轻得多）. (be) of an `age having reached an age when one should do sth 达到该做某事的年龄: He's of an age when he ought to settle down. 他已经到了应该 安顿下来的年龄了. of an `age with sb of the same age as sb 与某人同岁; 同庚. ,over `age too old 超龄. ,under `age not old enough; not yet adult 未到规定年龄; 未成年: You shouldn't sell cigarettes to teenagers who are under age/to under-age teenagers. 你不应该把香烟卖给没到岁数的青少年. age-group (also age-bracket) n. (people in a) period of life between two (often specified) ages 某组 年龄范围（内的人们）: mix with (people in) one's own age-group 与自己年龄范围的人混在一起 * Only people in the age-bracket 20-30 need apply. 只有年龄在20-30 岁之间的人才可以申请. agelong adj. [usu attrib 通常作定语] existing for a very long time 长久存在著的: man's agelong struggle for freedom 人类为自由而进行的长期奋斗. age of consent age at which sb, esp a girl, is considered old enough to consent to sexual intercourse 承诺年龄（尤指 女子, 已到对性行为可以自主的年龄）. age-old adj. [usu attrib 通常作定语] having existed for a very long time 存在已久的; 古老 的: ,age-old `customs, `ceremonies, etc 古老的习俗, 礼仪等. age / eIdV; edV/ v (pres p ageing or aging, pp aged/eIdVd; edVd/) 1 (a) [I] grow old; show signs of growing old 变老; 显老; 见老: He's aged a lot recently. 他最近很见老. * She's aging gracefully. 她老得有风韵. (b) [Tn] cause (sb) to become old 使（某人）变老: Worry aged him rapidly. 忧虑使 他老得很快. * I found her greatly aged. 我发现她老得多了. 2 (a) [I] become mature 变成熟; 变 陈: allow wine to age 使酒变陈. (b) [Tn] cause or allow (sth) to mature 使（某事物）成熟. aged adj. 1 / eIdVd; edVd/ [pred 作表语] of the age of 年龄在...岁: The boy was aged ten. 那个 男孩十岁. 2 / 5eIdVId; `edVId/ [attrib 作定语] very old 极老的; 年老的: an aged man 一位老人. =>Usage at old 用法见old. the aged / 5eIdVId; `edVId/ n [pl] very old people 老年人: caring for the sick and the aged 照顾病 人和老人. ageing (also aging) n. [U] 1 process of growing old 变老的过程. 2 changes that occur as the result of time passing 随时间流逝而发生的变化. -age suff 后缀(with ns and vs forming ns 与名词及动词结合构成名词) 1 state or condition of ... 的状 态或情况: bondage. 2 set or group of ... 的组合或群体: baggage * a/the peerage. 3 action or result of ...的动作或结果: breakage * wastage. 4 cost of ... 的费用: postage * porterage. 5 place where ... 的地方: anchorage * orphanage. 6 quantity or measure of ... 的数量或计量: mileage * dosage. ageism (also agism) / 5eIdVIzEm; `edVIzEm/ n [U] (derog 贬) (practice of) treating people unfairly or unjustly because of their age 年龄歧视（的习气）. ageless / 5eIdVlIs; `edVlIs/ adj 1 never growing old or appearing to grow old 不变老的; 不显老的: Her beauty seems ageless. 她驻颜有术. 2 eternal 永久的; 永恒的; 永存的: the ageless mystery of the universe 宇宙的永恒的奥秘. agency / 5eIdVEnsI; `edVEnsI/ n 1 (a) business or place of business providing a (usu specified) service 经销; 代办; 代理; 经销处; 代理处: an employment, a travel, an advertising, a secretarial, etc agency 职业介绍所, 旅行社, 广告社, 秘书介绍所* Our company has agencies all over the world. 本公司在全世界都设有代办处. (b) (esp US) government office providing a specific service 政府的特种机构: Central Intelligence Agency 中央情报局. 2 (idm 习语) by/through the agency of sth/sb (fml 文) as a result of the action of sb/sth 由于或通过某人[某事物]的作用: rocks worn smooth through the agency of water 被水冲得光滑的岩石* He obtained his position by/through the agency of friends. 他通过朋友的帮助得到了一个职位. agenda / E5dVendE; E`dVZndE/ n (list of) matters of business to be discussed at a meeting, etc 在会 议上要讨论的事项（单）; 议事单; 议程表: What is the next item on the agenda? 议程表上的下一 项是什么? * The agenda for the meeting is as follows.... 这次会议的议程如下.... agent / 5eIdVEnt; `edVEnt/ n 1 person who acts for, or manages the affairs of, other people in business, politics, etc （商业, 政治等方面的）代理人, 经纪人: an insurance agent 保险业经纪人 * a travel agent 旅行社经纪人* our agents in the Middle East 我们在中东的代理人. 2 (a) person who does sth or causes sth to happen （做某事或使某事发生的）施动者: the agent of his own ruin 他自我毁灭的根源. (b) force or substance that produces an effect or change 产生某种效果或变化的 力量或物质; 动因; 作用物; 剂: cleaning, oxidizing agents 除垢剂, 氧化剂* Yeast is the raising agent in bread. 酵母是面包的发酵剂. 3 = secret agent (secret): an enemy agent 敌探. agent provocateur / 9AVCn prE9vCkE5t\:(r); `BV9Bn pro9vBkE`t[/ (pl agents provocateurs / 9AVCn prE9vCkE5t\:(r); `BV9Bn pro9vBkE`t[/) (French 法) person employed to help in catching suspected criminals by tempting them to act illegally （受雇诱使嫌疑犯触犯刑律以便将之逮捕的）密探, 坐 探. agglomerate / E5glCmEreIt; E`-lBmE9ret/ v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become collected into a mass （使 某物）成团, 结块, 凝聚. agglomerate / E5glCmErEt; E`-lBmE9rEt/ n [U] (geology 地质) fragments of (esp volcanic) rock fused together in a mass （尤指火山岩的）集块石. agglomerate adj. formed or growing into a mass 成团的; 结块的; 凝聚的. agglomeration / E9glCmE5reIFn; E9-lBmE`reFEn/ n 1 [U] action of agglomerating 成团; 结块; 凝聚. 2 [C] (esp untidy) collection of objects （尤指不整齐的）聚集; 堆: an ugly agglomeration of new buildings 一大片杂乱难看的新建筑物. agglutinate / E5glu:tIneIt; ?@ -tEn-; E`-lutn9et/ v [I, Tn] join together as with glue; combine （使）粘 结; （使）粘著; （使）结合. agglutination / E9glu:tI5neIFn; ?@ -tE5n-; E9-lutn`eFEn/ n [U]. agglutinative / E5glu:tInEtIv; ?@ -tEneItIv; E`-lutn9etIv/ adj: Agglutinative languages 黏著型语 言. aggrandize, aggrandise / E5grAndaIz; E`-rAn9daIz/ v [Tn] (fml 文) increase the power, rank, wealth or importance of (a person or country) 加大, 扩张, 增加（个人或国家的权力, 力量, 级别, 财富或 重要性）. aggrandizement, -isement / E5grAndIzmEnt; E`-rAndIzmEnt/ n [U]: His sole aim is personal aggrandizement. 他唯一的目标就是要扩充个人的权势. aggravate / 5AgrEveIt; `A-rE9vet/ v [Tn] 1 make (a disease, a situation, an offence, etc) worse or more serious 使（疾病, 情况, 罪过等）恶化, 更坏, 加重, 加剧: He aggravated his condition by leaving hospital too soon. 他因过早出院而使病情恶化. 2 (infml 口) irritate (sb); annoy 激怒; 惹 恼: He aggravates her just by looking at her. 他只是看著她就把她惹恼了. aggravating adj. (infml 口) irritating; annoying 激怒的; 惹恼的: Constant interruptions are very aggravating when you're trying to work. 要工作的时候, 接连不断的干扰就使人非常恼火. aggravation / 9AgrE5veIFn; 9A-rE`veFEn/ n 1 [U] making more serious; irritation 恶化; 激怒. 2 [C] thing that annoys 恼人的事物: minor aggravations 小别扭. aggregate / 5AgrIgeIt; `A-rI9-et/ v 1 [I, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (to sth) (fml 文) be formed or bring sb into an assembled group or amount （使）聚集; （使）集合: aggregating riches 聚集财富 * aggregate sb to a political party 吸收某人加入一政党. 2 [Tn] (infml 口) amount to (a total) 总计; 合计: The television audience aggregated 30 millions. 电视观众合计达3000 万人. aggregation / 9grI5geIFn; 9A-rI`-eFEn/ n [U, C]. aggregate / 5AgrIgEt; `A-rI9-Et/ n 1 [C] total amount; mass or amount brought together 总计; 合 计; 总量: the complete aggregate of unemployment figures 失业人数总计. 2 [U] (geology 地质) mass of minerals formed into one type of rock 聚成岩; 聚合体. 3 [U] materials (sand, gravel, etc) that are mixed with cement and water to make concrete 骨料（沙, 碎石等, 可与水泥, 水混合而成 混凝土）. 4 (idm 习语) in the `aggregate added together; collectively 总计; 合计; 归结起来: The tax increases will, in the aggregate, cause much hardship. 增加税收归结起来将造成很多困难. on `aggregate taken as a whole 整个来说; 总体上: Our team scored the most goals on aggregate. 整个 来说, 我们队得分最多. aggregate adj. [attrib 作定语] total; combined 总的; 合计的; 结合的: the aggregate sum, amount, profit, etc 总计, 总量, 总利润. aggression / E5greFn; E`-rZFEn/ n 1 [C, U] (instance of) unprovoked attacking or hostility by one country against another 侵略: an act of open aggression 公然的侵略行动. 2 [U] (psychology 心) hostile feelings or behaviour 敌对的情绪或行为; 攻击行动: She was always full of aggression as a child. 她自幼心中就充满了敌对情绪. aggressive / E5gresIv; E`-rZsIv/ adj 1 (a) (of people or animals) apt or ready to attack; offensive; quarrelsome （指人或动物）侵略的, 好攻击的, 好寻衅的, 好争吵的: dogs trained to be aggressive 训练成攻击型的狗* Aggressive nations threaten world peace. 侵略成性的国家威胁世界和平. (b) (of things or actions) for or of an attack; offensive （指事物或行动）攻击性的: aggressive weapons 攻击性的武器. 2 (often approv 常作褒义) forceful; self-assertive 强有力的; 坚持己见的: A good salesman must be aggressive if he wants to succeed. 要做个好推销员一定要有闯劲才能成功. aggressively adv. aggressiveness n. [U]. aggressor / E5gresE(r); E`-rZsL/ n person or country that attacks first, without being provoked （无故 而首先发动攻击的）个人或国家; 寻衅攻击者; 侵略者; 侵略国: armed aggressors 武装的侵略者 * [attrib 作定语] the aggressor nation 侵略国. aggrieved / E5gri:vd; E`-rivd/ adj ~ (at/over sth) made to feel resentful (because of unfair treatment, etc) （因受到不公平对待等而感到）愤恨的; 愤愤不平的; 受屈的: feel much aggrieved at losing one's job 对失去工作感到极大怨恨* I was aggrieved to find that someone had used my toothbrush. 我发现有人用过我的牙刷, 我很不高兴. * the aggrieved party, eg in a legal case 受冤屈的一方（如 案件中）. aggro / 5AgrEU; `A-ro/ n [U] (Brit sl 俚) violent aggressive behaviour intended to cause trouble 闹 事; 滋事; 寻衅: Don't give me any aggro or I'll call the police! 你别找茬儿闹事, 要不然我就叫警 察了! aghast / E5gB:st; ?@ E5gAst; E`-Ast/ adj [pred 作表语] ~ (at sth) filled with horror or amazement 惊恐; 惊奇: He stood aghast at the terrible sight. 他被那可怕的景象吓呆了. agile / 5AdVaIl; ?@ 5AdVl; `AdVEl/ adj able to move quickly and easily; active; nimble 敏捷的; 灵 活的; 活泼的; 机敏的: as agile as a monkey 像猴子那么敏捷 * (fig 比喻) an agile mind/brain 敏 捷的才思[机敏的头脑]. agilely adv. agility / E5dVIlEtI; E`dVIlEtI/ n [U]. aging => age2. agitate / 5AdVIteIt; `AdVE9tet/ v 1 [Tn] cause anxiety to (a person, his feelings, etc); disturb; excite 使（人, 感情等）产生忧虑; 搅乱; 激动: She was agitated by his sudden appearance at the party. 他 在聚会中突然出现, 使她心烦意乱. 2 [Ipr] ~ for/against sth argue publicly or campaign for/against sth 煽动; 鼓动; 鼓吹: agitate for tax reform 鼓吹税制改革* agitate against nuclear weapons 鼓动 反对核武器. 3 [Tn] stir or shake (a liquid) briskly 搅动或摇动（液体）: Agitate the mixture to dissolve the powder. 搅动混合物而使粉末溶化. agitated adj. troubled or excited 焦虑的; 激动的: Don't get all agitated! 不要那么激动! agitation / 9dVI5teIFn; 9AdVE`teFEn/ n 1 [U] disturbed state of mind or feelings; anxiety 烦乱; 心焦; 忧虑: She was in a state of great agitation. 她极度心慌意乱. 2 (a) [C, U] public discussion for or against sth 公开辩论; 大辩论: women leading the agitation for equal rights 为争取男女平等 而带头辩论的妇女们. (b) [U] serious public concern or unrest connected with such discussion （因受 鼓动而引起公众的）关注, 不安, 骚动. agitator n. 1 person who stirs up public opinion, esp on a political matter 鼓动者, 煽动者（尤指 在政治方面）. 2 device for shaking or mixing a liquid 液体搅拌器. agitprop / 5AdVItprCp; `AdVIt9prBp/ n [U] Former Russian Communist propaganda, usu in the form of literature, music or art 前苏联共产党的宣传鼓动（通常为寓于文学, 音乐或艺术中者）. aglow / E5glEU; E`-lo/ adv, adj [pred 作表语] glowing; shining with warmth and colour 发红光; 发 热; 发光彩: Christmas trees aglow with coloured lights 张灯结彩的圣诞树. * (fig 比喻) happy children's faces all aglow 快乐的儿童满面红光. AGM / 9eI dVi: 5em; 9e dVi `Zm/ abbr 缩写= (esp Brit) annual general meeting 年会: report to the AGM 向年会报告. agnail / 5AgneIl; `A-9nel/ n = hangnail. agnostic / Ag5nCstIk; A-`nBstIk/ n person who believes that nothing can be known about the existence of God or of anything except material things 不可知论者（对于上帝或除物质以外的任何 事物是否存在, 认为不可能知道的人）. agnostic adj. holding this belief 不可知论的. agnosticism / Ag5nCstIsIzEm; A-`nBstE9sIzEm/ n [U]. ago / E5gEU; E`-o/ adv (used after the word or phrase it modifies, esp with the simple past tense, not with the perfect tense 用于其所修饰的词语之后, 尤与简单过去时态连用而不与完成时态连用) gone by; in the past 前; 以前: ten years ago 十年前* not long ago 不久以前* It happened a few minutes ago. 那是几分钟以前发生的事. * How long ago is it that you last saw her? 你上一次看见 她是多久以前的事? * It was seven years ago that my brother died. 我哥哥是七年前死的. =>Usage at recent 用法见recent. agog / E5gCg; E`-B-/ adj [pred 作表语] eager; excited 渴望; 急切; 兴奋; 激动: agog with curiosity 因好奇而兴奋的* be agog for news/to hear the news 亟待得到[听到]消息* He was all agog at the surprise announcement. 他听到那突如其来的宣布, 大为激动. agonize, agonise / 5AgEnaIz; `A-E9naIz/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (about/over sth) suffer great anxiety or worry intensely (about sth) （对某事物）极度忧虑或担心: We agonized for hours about which wallpaper to buy. 对买哪种壁纸, 我们伤了几小时的脑筋. agonized, -ised adj. expressing agony 表示痛苦的: an agonized look, scream 痛苦的表情, 尖叫 声. agonizing, -ising adj. causing agony 使人痛苦的: an agonizing pain, delay, decision 折磨人的疼 痛, 恼人的耽搁, 痛苦的决定. agonizingly, -isingly adv agonizingly slow 折磨人地缓慢. agony / 5AgEnI; `A-EnI/ n 1 [U, C] extreme mental or physical suffering （精神或肉体的）极大痛 苦: The wounded man was in agony. 那受伤的人痛苦已极. * They suffered the agony of watching him burn to death. 他们眼巴巴见他活活烧死而五内如焚. * She was in an agony of indecision. 她 陷于犹豫不决的痛苦之中. * He suffered agonies of remorse. 他饱受悔恨的煎熬. 2 (idm 习语) pile on the agony => pile3. prolong the agony => prolong. agony aunt ( Brit infml or joc 口或谑) person who writes replies to letters printed in an agony column(2) 读者来信专栏主持人. 参看下条 agony column(2). agony column ( Brit infml or joc 口或谑) 1 = personal column (personal). 2 part of a newspaper or magazine for letters from readers writing for advice about personal problems （报刊中关于个人疑 难问题徵询意见的）读者来信专栏. agoraphobia / 9AgErE5fEUbIE; 9A-ErE`fobIE/ n [U] abnormal fear of being in open spaces 广场恐 怖; 空旷恐惧; 恐旷症. agoraphobic / -5fEUbIk; -`fobIk/ n, adj (person) suffering from this fear 患恐旷症的（人）. agr(o)- : comb form 构词成分 of soil 泥土的; 土壤的: agriculture * agronomy. agrarian / E5greErIEn; E`-rZrIEn/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (of the cultivation or ownership) of land （指耕种或所有权）土地的: agrarian laws, problems, reforms 土地法, 问题, 改革. agree / E5gri:; E`-ri/ v 1 [I, Ipr, It] ~ (to sth) say `yes'; say that one is willing; consent (to sth) 同意; 愿意; 答应（某事物）: I asked for a pay rise and she agreed. 我请求加薪, 她就答应了. * Is he going to agree to our suggestion? 他会同意我们的建议吗? * He agreed to let me go home early. 他同意让 我早些回家. Cf 参看refuse2. 2 (a) [I, Ipr, It, Tf, Tw] ~ (with sb) (about/on sth); ~ (with sb) (about sb); ~ (with sth) be in harmony (with sb); have or form a similar opinion (as sb) 同意; 赞成; （与某 人）意见一致: When he said that, I had to agree. 他既然说出那样的话了, 我也只好同意了. * Do you agree with me about the need for more schools? 关于多建一些学校一事, 你同意我的意见吗? * We couldn't agree on a date/when to meet. 关于日期[什么时候见面], 我们未能取得一致意见. * I agree with his analysis of the situation. 我同意他对情况的分析. * We agreed to start early. 我们赞 成早些开始. * Do we all agree that the proposal is a good one? 我们是不是都一致认为这个建议很 好? Cf 参看disagree. (b) [Tn] reach the same opinion on (sth) 在（某事物）上取得一致的意见; 商 定; 约定: Can we agree a price? 我们能不能商定一个价格? * They met at the agreed time. 他们在 约好的时间相见了. 3 [Tn] accept (sth) as correct; approve 认为（某事物）正确无误; 认可: The tax inspector agreed the figures. 税务稽查员核准了这些数字. * Next year's budget has been agreed. 明年的预算已获通过. 4 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) be consistent (with sth); match （与某事物）相一致; 相符合; 相吻合: The two accounts do not agree. 这两个帐目不相符. * Your account of the affair does not agree with mine. 这件事你的说法和我的说法不一致. Cf 参看 disagree. 5 [I, Ip] ~ (together) be happy together; enjoy each other's company 合得来; 相投: Brothers and sisters never seem to agree. 兄弟姐妹好像总是合不来. Cf 　?W 参看 disagree. 6 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) (grammar) correspond (with a word or phrase) in number, person, etc （与一个词或词组在数, 人称 等上）一致: The verb agrees with its subject in number and person. 动词在数和人称上与主语一致. Cf 参看 disagree. 7 (idm 习语) a,gree to `differ accept differences of opinion, esp in order to avoid further argument 承认有分歧, 保留不同意见（尤用段　苊饨　徊秸　郏? We must agree to differ on this. 我们得承认在这一问题上有分歧. be agreed (on/about sth); be agreed (that...) (with it or a plural subject 与it 或复数主语连用) have reached an agreement 达成协议; 意见一致: Are we all agreed on the best course of action? 我们是否都一致同意这一最佳措施? * It was agreed that another meeting was necessary. 大家一致认为有必要再开一次会. ,couldn't agree (with sb) `more agree completely with sb 与某人意见完全一致: `The scheme's bound to fail.' `I couldn't agree more!' ‘这项计划注定要失败.’‘你档锰　粤?’ 8 (phr v) agree with sb (esp in negative sentences or questions 尤用于否定句或疑问句) suit sb's health or digestion （对某人的健康或胃口）适合: The humid climate didn't agree with him. 那潮湿的气候对他不合适. * I like mushrooms but unfortunately they don't agree with me, ie they make me ill if I eat them. 我喜欢吃蘑菇, 可惜吃了 难受（我吃了以后不舒服）. agreeable / E5gri:Ebl; E`-riEbl/ adj 1 pleasing; giving pleasure 令人喜悦的; 令人愉快的; 宜人的: agreeable weather 宜人的天气 * agreeable company 合得来的同伴* I found him most agreeable. 我觉得他极易相处. 2 [pred 作表语] ~ (to sth) ready to agree 准备同意; 欣然同意: If you're agreeable to our proposal, we'll go ahead. 如果你同意我们的建议, 我们就进行了. * I'll invite her, if you're agreeable to her coming. 如果你乐意她来的话, 我就请她. agreeably / -EblI; -EblI/ adv pleasantly 愉快地; 欣然: agreeably surprised 惊喜交加. agreement / E5gri:mEnt; E`-rimEnt/ n 1 [C] arrangement, promise or contract made with sb 协定; 协议; 承诺; 合约: Please sign the agreement. 请签协议. * An agreement with the employers was finally worked out. 与雇主们的协议终于达成了. * They have broken the agreement between us. 他 们撕毁了与我们的协议. 2 [U] harmony in opinion or feeling （意见或感情）协调, 相合, 一致: The two sides failed to reach agreement. 双方未能取得一致意见. * There is little agreement as to what our policy should be. 我们的方针政策应该怎样, 几乎没有一致的意见. * Are we in agreement about the price? 我们对价格的意　恢侣? 3 [U] (grammar) having the same number, gender, case or person （数, 性, 格或人称）一致: agreement between subject and verb 主语与动词 一致.4 (idm 习语) a gentleman's agreement => gentleman. agriculture / 5AgrIkQltFE(r); `A-rI9kQltFL/ n [U] science or practice of cultivating the land and rearing animals; farming 农学; 农业. agricultural / 9AgrI5kQltFErEl;9AgrI`kQltFErEl/ adj: agricultural land, workers, machinery 农业用 地, 工作者, 机械. agriculturally adv. agriculturist / 9AgrI5kQltFErIst; 9AgrI`kQltFErIst/ n. agronomy / E5grCnEmI; E`-rBnEmI/ n [U] science of controlling the soil to produce crops 农学; 农 艺学; 作物学. agronomist / E5grCnEmIst; E`-rBnEmIst/ n. aground / E5graUnd; E`-raJnd/ adv, adj [pred 作表语] (of ships) touching the bottom in shallow water （指船）搁浅: The tanker was/went/ran aground. 油船搁浅了. ah / B:; B/ interj (used to express surprise, delight, admiration, sympathy, etc 用以表示惊奇, 喜悦, 赞美, 同情等): Ah, 5there you are. 啊, 原来你在这儿. Ah, good, here's the bus. 啊, 太好了, 公共 汽车来了. Ah, what a lovely baby! 啊, 多可爱的小孩儿! Ah well, never mind. 啊, 好啦, 没什 么. aha / B:5hB:; B`hB/ interj (used esp to express surprise or triumph 尤用以表示惊奇或胜利): Aha, so that's where she hides her money! 啊哈, 原来她把钱藏在这儿了! ahead / E5hed; E`hZd/ adv ~ (of sb/sth) further forward in space or time （在空间或时间上）向前, 往 前, 朝前; 在前: He ran ahead. 他跑在前面. * The way ahead was blocked by fallen trees. 前面的 路被倒下的树挡住了. * The time to relax is when we're ahead, eg in advance of our working Oxford Dictionary Translation memory software company ForeignDesk, Okapi Framework, OmegaT, Transolution, AidTransStudio, Cafetran, Déjà Vu (DVX), Heartsome Translation Suite, MemoQ, MetaTexis, Rainbow, SDLX, SDL, STAR Transit, Trados, SDL Trados, Wordfast, WordFisher, Similis, Open Language Tools http://www.transgood.com