TransGood-Translation memory software Trados, SDL, ForeignDesk, Wordfast, WordFisher, Déjà Vu (DVX), 译佳计算机辅助翻译软件, 雅信CAT TransGood, TransMemory, Translation Software Tools, Computer-assisted translation, computer-aided translation, CAT, machine-aided translation, Translation memory software, Terminology management software, Alignment software, Software localization tools, ?bersetzung Software, Logiciels de traduction, Software di traduzione, Traducción de Software, Mémoire de traduction, Tradu??o memória, Memoria de traducción, Memoria di traduzione, Перевод Software, ForeignDesk, Okapi Framework, OmegaT, Transolution, AidTransStudio, Cafetran, Déjà Vu (DVX), Heartsome Translation Suite, MemoQ, MetaTexis, Rainbow, SDLX, SDL, STAR Transit, Trados, SDL Trados, Wordfast, WordFisher, Similis, Open Language Tools, 翻訳ソフトウェア, 翻訳メモリ, 翻译软件 辅助翻译软件 计算机辅助翻译软件 人工智能翻译 翻译工具 专业翻译软件 翻译记忆软件 塔多思 Trados SDL WordFast 雅信CAT 翻译公司 牛津词典 Oxford Dictionary 看 depose. depositor / dI5pCzItE(r); dI`pBzItL/ n person who deposits (eg money in a bank) 存放者（如在银行 存钱）; 存户; 储户. depository / dI5pCzItErI; dI`pBzE9tRrI/ n place where things, eg furniture, are stored; storehouse 储 藏室; 仓库. depot / 5depEU; `dZpo/ n (1) (a) storehouse, esp for military supplies; warehouse 仓库; （尤指）军 需库; 栈房. (b) place where vehicles, eg buses, are kept 车库（如公共汽车的）. (2) (US) railway or bus station 火车站; 公共汽车站. deprave / dI5preIv; dI`prev/ v [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] (fml 文) make (sb) morally bad; corrupt 使（某人）道德败坏; 使堕落; 使腐化: a man depraved by bad company 被坏朋友带坏的 人. depravation / 9deprE5veIFn; 9dZprE`veFEn/ n [U] . depraved / dI5preIvd; dI`prevd/ adj morally bad; corrupt 道德败坏的; 堕落的; 腐化的: depraved thoughts, morals, companions 堕落的思想、道德、伙伴* He was totally depraved. 他彻底堕落 了. depravity / dI5prAvEtI; dI`prAvEtI/ n 1 [U] state of being depraved; corruption 堕落; 腐化: a life of depravity 腐化的生活* sunk in depravity 堕落. 2 [C] depraved act 堕落的行为: the depravities of a corrupt ruler 腐败的统治者的堕落行为. deprecate / 5deprEkeIt; `dZprE9ket/ v (fml 文) (a) [Tn, Tw, Tg, Tsg] feel and express disapproval of (sth) 对（某事物）表示不赞成; 反对: Hasty action is to be deprecated. 切不可草率行事. * He deprecates (her) changing the party's policy. 他不赞成（她）改变党的方针. (b) [Tn, Tw] feel embarrassed or displeased by (sb's flattery, etc) 因（某人的奉承等）觉得难为情或不自在: deprecate sb's compliments, condescending charm 对某人的奉承话、屈尊俯就的态度觉得不自在. deprecating adj: a deprecating smile 不以为然的微笑. deprecatingly adv. deprecatory / 9deprI-5keItErI; ?@ -tR:rI; `dZprEkE9tRrI/ adj: a deprecatory remark, view, etc 表示不 悦的言语、观点等. depreciate / dI5pri:FIeIt; dI`priFI9et/ v 1 [I] become less valuable 贬值: Shares in the company have depreciated. 该公司的股票已经贬值. 2 [Tn] state that (sth) is not valuable, important, etc; disparage 贬低; 轻视: Don't depreciate my efforts to help/what I have done. 不要轻视我为帮忙所 付出的努力[我已做的事]. depreciation / dI9pri:FI5eIFn; dI9priFI`eFEn/ n [C, U]: suffer a sharp depreciation 遭受巨大贬值损 失. depreciatory / dI5pri:FEtErI; ?@ -tR:rI; dI`priFE9tRrI/ adj: depreciatory remarks about a great achievement 对一巨大成就的轻蔑言论. depredation / 9deprE5deIFn; 9dZprE`deFEn/ n [pl] (fml 文) damage caused by an attack, accident, etc （由攻击、事故等造成的）损坏, 破坏: The town survived the depredations of marauding gangs. 这 个城镇经受住了打家劫舍的匪徒造成的破坏. * the depredations of the storm 暴风雨的蹂躏. depress / dI5pres; dI`prZs/ v [Tn] 1 make (sb) sad and without enthusiasm 使（某人）忧愁, 消沉, 沮丧: Wet weather always depresses me. 我在阴雨天总是心灰意懒. 2 press, push or pull (sth) down 将（某物）压下, 推下, 拉下: depress a lever, a piano key, a button, etc 压杠杆、按钢琴键、 按钮. 3 make (esp trade) less active 使（尤指贸易）不活跃, 不景气, 萧条: depress a market 使 市场萧条* depress sales 使销售额下降* A rise in oil prices depresses the car market. 油价上涨 导致汽车市场不景气. depressant / -Ent; -nt/ n, adj (substance) that reduces mental or physical activity 抑制（脑力或体力活 动）的（药物）: a depressant drug 抑制药. depressed adj. sad and without enthusiasm 忧愁的; 消沉的; 沮丧的: depressed about the election results 因选举结果而垂头丧气. depressing adj. making one feel depressed 令人忧愁的; 使人沮丧的: a depressing sight, prospect, film 令人沮丧的景象、前景、影片. depressingly adv: The crime rate is depressingly high. 犯罪 率太高, 令人忧心忡忡. depressed area part of a country where there is little economic activity (resulting in poverty and unemployment) （一 国的）经济萧条地区. depression / dI5preFn; dI`prZFEn/ n 1 [U] being depressed; low spirits 忧愁; 沮丧; 消沉: He committed suicide during a fit of depression. 他一时想不开, 自杀了. 2 [C] hollow sunken place in the surface of sth, esp the ground; dip 凹陷处;（尤指）洼地, 坑: depressions on the face of the moon 月球表面的凹陷处* The soldiers hid from the enemy in a slight depression. 士兵们隐藏在低洼处, 躲过了敌人. 3 [C] period when there is little economic activity, and usu poverty and unemployment 经济萧条期. 4 [C] (a) (winds caused by a) lowering of atmospheric pressure 气压降低（形成的气 流）. (b) area where this happens 低气压区: a depression over Iceland 冰岛上空的低气压区. Cf 参 看 anticyclone. depressive / dI5presIv; dI`prZsIv/ adj 1 tending to depress; of depression 忧愁的; 压抑的; 沮丧的; 抑郁的: a depressive drug, illness 易产生抑郁的药物、疾病. 2 intended to reduce trading activity 为减少贸易活动的: a depressive financial policy 为抑制贸易活动而采取的金融方针. depressive n. person who often suffers from depression(1) 经常忧愁、沮丧、消沉的人. depressurize, depressurise / 9di:5preFEraIz; di`prZFE9raIz/ v [Tn] reduce the pressure of air or gas in (a vessel, cabin, etc) 减低, 降低（容器、舱室等）的气压. depressurization, depressurisation n. [U]. deprive / dI5praIv; dI`praIv/ v [Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth of sth take sth away from sb/sth; prevent sb/sth from enjoying or using sth 剥夺某人[某事物]的某事物; 阻止某人[某事物]享有或使用某事物: deprived of one's civil rights 剥夺某人的公民权* trees that deprive a house of light 遮住房中光线的树 * (joc 谑) Are you depriving us of your company (ie leaving us)? 你要舍我们而去吗? deprivation / 9deprI5veIFn; 9dZprI`veFEn/ n 1 [U] (a) depriving or being deprived 剥夺: suffer deprivation of one's rights as a citizen 公民权遭到剥夺. (b) state of not having the normal benefits of adequate food, etc; poverty 贫乏; 穷困: widespread deprivation caused by unemployment 由失业造 成的普遍贫困现象. 2 [C] thing of which one is deprived 被剥夺的事物; 丧失的事物: Missing the holiday was a great deprivation. 错过假日是极大的损失. deprived adj. without the normal benefits of adequate food, housing, health care, etc 贫困的; 穷苦 的: a deprived childhood, background, area 贫苦的童年、出身、地区* The poorest and most deprived people will receive special government help. 最穷的、生活条件最差的人可得到政府的特 别援助. Dept abbr. 缩写= Department(1): Linguistics Dept, eg of a university 语言学系（如大学的）. depth / depW; dZpW/ n 1 [C, U] (a) distance from the top down 深, 深度（从上至下的距离）: the depth of the well, mine, box, trunk 井、矿井、盒、行李箱的深度* Water was found at a depth of 30 ft. 在30 英尺深处找到了水. * At what depth does the wreck lie? 沉船位置的深度是多少? =>illus at dimension 见dimension 之插图. (b) distance from the front to the back 宽, 宽度（从前至 后的距离）: shelves with a depth of 8 ins 8 英寸宽的搁板. (c) distance from the surface inwards 深, 深度（从表面向内部的距离）: the depth of a wound, crack, etc 伤口、裂缝等的深度. 2 [C, U] (a) (of colours, darkness, etc) intensity （指颜色、黑暗等）浓度, 强度. (b) (of sounds) lowness in pitch （指声音）低沉. 3 [U] (a) (of feelings, etc) sincerity; intensity （指感情等）诚挚, 真诚, 强烈: the depth of her love 她爱情的真挚. (b) ability to understand or explain difficult ideas 领悟或解释深奥 意念的能力: a writer of great depth and wisdom 极具领悟力和智慧的作家. (c) having or showing this ability 上述能力的体现: a novel that lacks depth 缺乏深度的小说. 4 (idm 习语) ,in `depth thoroughly 完全地; 彻底地; 深入地: to study a subject in depth 深入研究一科目 * [attrib 作定语] an ,in-depth `study 深入的研究. in the ~(s) of sth when or where sth is deepest, most severe, etc 在 最深处; 在最严峻的时刻: in the depth of winter 在隆冬* in the depths of despair 在绝望的深渊 * in the depth of the country, ie a long way from a town 在偏远的乡村. (be/get) out of one's depth (a) (be/go) in water too deep to stand in 在深得不能站立的水中: If you can't swim, don't get out of your depth. 不会游泳就不要到水深没顶的地方去. (b) (be/become) unable to understand a subject or topic 不能理解: When they start talking about economics, I'm out of my depth. 他们一谈起经济学, 我就一窍不通了. plumb the depths of sth => plumb. depth charge bomb used against submarines that explodes under water 深水炸弹. Cf 参看 mine2. deputation / 9depjU5teIFn; 9dZpjE`teFEn/ n [CGp] group of people given the right to act or speak for others 代表团. depute / dI5pju:t; dI`pjut/ v (fml 文) 1 [Dn.pr] ~ sth to sb give (one's work, authority, etc) to sb else 将（工作、职权等）交予某人: He deputed the running of the department to an assistant. 他把部门 的管理工作委托给助手了. 2 [Dn.t] give (sb else) authority to act or speak on one's behalf 给予（某 人）代表行事或发言之权: They were deputed to put our views to the assembly. 他们代表我们向议 会表达我们的观点. deputize, deputise / 5depjUtaIz; `dZpjE9taIz/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (for sb) act or speak on sb's behalf 代表某人 行事或说话: Dr Mitchell's ill so I'm deputizing (for her). 米切尔博士病了, 所以我做代理（她的） 工作. deputy / 5depjUtI; `dZpjEtI/ n 1 person who is given work, authority, etc (eg during sb's absence) 代 理人; 代表: I'm acting as deputy till the headmaster returns. 我在校长回来前代行他的职务. 2 person who is immediately below the head of a business, school, etc （企业、学校等领导人的）副 手: the Director General and his deputy 董事长及其副手 * [attrib 作定语] the deputy headmistress 女副校长. 3 (in some countries, eg France) member of a legislative assembly （某些国家中, 如法 国的）议员. derail / dI5reIl; dI`rel/ v [Tn] cause (a train, etc) to go off the rails 使（火车等）脱轨: The engine was derailed by a tree lying across the line. 有一棵树横在铁轨上, 造成机车出轨. derailment n. deranged / dI5reIndVd; dI`rendVd/ adj unable to act and think normally, esp because of mental illness; seriously disturbed 精神错乱的; （尤指）有精神病的; 精神失常的: She's completely deranged. 她 完全精神错乱了. * a deranged attacker, mind, laugh 疯狂的攻击者、失常的心态、狂笑. derangement n. [U]. derby / 5dB:bI; ?@ 5d\:rbI; `d[bI/ n 1 the Derby [sing] annual horse race at Epsom, England 德比马 赛（英国埃普瑟姆一年一度的马赛）. 2 [C] (US) any of several annual horse races （每年举行的 任何的）马赛. 3 [C] any important sporting contest （任何重要的）运动比赛: a local derby, ie between local teams 本地的运动比赛. Derby Day day when the Derby is run (in June) （英国埃普瑟姆一年一度的）马赛日（在六月份）. derby / 5d\:rbI; `d[bI/ n (US) = bowler2. deregulate / 9di:5regjUleIt; di`rZ-jE9let/ v [Tn] remove the regulations from (sth) 撤销对（某事物） 的规定、管制: deregulate the price of oil 撤销对石油价格的管制. deregulation n. [U]. derelict / 5derElIkt; `dZrE9lIkt/ adj deserted and allowed to fall into ruins; dilapidated 弃置的; 破旧 的; 坍塌的: a derelict house 弃置的房屋* derelict areas 离弃的地区. dereliction / 9derE5lIkFn; 9dZrE`lIkFEn/ n 1 [U] being derelict 遗弃; 弃置: a house in a state of dereliction 弃置的房屋. 2 (idm 习语) ,dereliction of `duty (fml 文) (deliberate) failure to do what one ought to do 失职: be guilty of a serious dereliction of duty 犯严重失职罪. derestrict / 9di:rI5strIkt; 9dirI`strIkt/ v [Tn] remove a restriction, esp a speed limit, from (sth) 取消对 （某事物）的限制（尤指车速）: derestrict a road 取消对一公路的速度限制. deride / dI5raId; dI`raId/ v [Tn, Cn.n/a] ~ sb/sth (as sth) treat sb/sth as funny and not worthy of serious attention; mock sb/sth 嘲笑; 嘲弄: They derided his efforts (as childish). 他们嘲笑他的做法（很幼 稚）. derision / dI5rIVn; dI`rIVEn/ n [U] ridicule or mockery 嘲笑; 嘲弄; 笑柄: be an object of general derision, ie be derided by everybody 是大家嘲弄的对象* Her naive attitude provoked their derision. 她那天真的态度受到他们嘲笑. derisive / dI5raIsIv; dI`raIsIv/ adj showing ridicule or mockery 嘲笑的; 嘲弄的: derisive laughter, booing, etc 嘲弄的笑声、嘘声等. derisively adv. derisory / dI5raIsErI; dI`raIsErI/ adj 1 so small or unimportant that it is not worth considering seriously 不值一哂的: a derisory offer, eg 100 for a car that is worth 1000 低得可笑的出价（如对价 值1000 英镑的汽车, 出价100 英镑）. 2 = derisive. derivation / 9derI5veIFn; 9dZrE`veFEn/ n 1 [U] development or origin (esp of words) 发展; 起源; （尤指词语的）派生: the derivation of words from Latin 词语自拉丁文的派生* a word of French derivation 由法语派生的词. 2 [C] (a) first form and meaning of a word 词源. (b) later change of form and meaning 派生的词形和词义: give the derivations of words 指出词语的派生词形和词义. derivative / dI5rIvEtIv; dE`rIvEtIv/ adj (usu derog 通常作贬义) derived from sth else; not original 由他事物演变的; 非独创的: a derivative design, style, etc 蹈袭前人的设计、式样等. derivative n. derived word or thing 派生词; 衍生物: `Assertion' is a derivative of `assert'. assertion 是assert 的派生词. derive / dI5raIv; dE`raIv/ v 1 [Tn.pr] ~ sth from sth (fml 文) obtain sth from sth; get sth from sth 得 到; 获取: derive great pleasure from one's studies 从学习中获得极大乐趣* She derived no benefit from the course of drugs. 她用药经此疗程后并无好转. 2 (a) [Ipr] ~ from sth have sth as a starting-point, source or origin; originate from sth 源自; 源于: Thousands of English words derive from Latin. 英语中有成千上万的词源自拉丁文. (b) [Tn.pr] ~ sth from sth trace sth from (a source) 对某事物追本穷源: We can derive the word `derelict' from the Latin `derelictus'. derelict 这一词的起 源可以追溯到拉丁文的derelictus. derm(a)- : comb form 构词成分 of skin 皮肤的: dermatology * dermatitis. dermatitis / 9d\:mE5taItIs; 9d[mE`taItIs/ n [U] (medical 医) inflammation of the skin 皮炎. dermatology / 9d\:mE5tClEdVI; 9d[mE`tBlEdVI/ n [U] medical study of the skin and its diseases, etc 皮肤学; 皮肤病学. dermatologist / 9d\:mE5tClEdVIst; 9d[mE`tBlEdVIst/ n expert in dermatology 皮肤学专家; 皮肤病 专家. dermis / 5d\:mIs; `d[mIs/ n (anatomy 解) layer of skin below the epidermis 真皮（表皮下面的皮层）. derogate / 5derEgeIt; `dZrE9-et/ v [Ipr] ~ from sth (fml 文) cause sth to seem inferior; detract from sth 贬低; 减损; 毁损: remarks derogating from her merits, qualities, virtues, etc 贬低她的优点、 品质、美德等的言语. derogatory / dI5rCgEtrI; ?@ -tR:rI; dI`rB-E9tRrI/ adj (abbr derog in this dictionary 本词典缩写作 derog) showing a hostile or critical attitude (to sb's reputation, etc); insulting 贬低的; 毁损的; 贬抑 的; 侮辱的: The word `pig' is a derogatory term for policeman. pig 是个侮辱警察的词. * remarks that were highly derogatory 极伤人的言语. derrick / 5derIk; `dZrIk/ n 1 large crane for moving or lifting heavy weights, esp on a ship 转臂起重 机; （尤指轮船上的）桅杆起重机. 2 framework over an oil well or borehole, to hold the drilling machinery, etc 井架; 钻塔. Cf 参看oil rig (oil). derring-do / 9derIN5du:; `dZrIN`du/ n [U] (arch or joc 古或谑) heroic deeds 英勇事迹: stirring tales of derring-do 讲述英勇事迹的激动人心的故事. derv / d\:v; d[v/ n [U] (Brit) fuel oil for diesel engines (from diesel-engined road vehicle) 柴油机燃油 （由diesel-engined road vehicle 四词的首字母组成）. dervish / 5d\:vIF; `d[vIF/ n member of a Muslim religious order （伊斯兰教的）苦行僧人: dancing dervishes, ie those who take part in whirling dances 跳旋转舞蹈的苦行僧人. DES / 9di: i: 5es; 9di i `Zs/ abbr 缩写= (Brit) Department of Education and Science 教育暨科学部: DES grants 教育暨科学部拨款. desalinate / 9di:5sAlIneIt; di`sAlE9net/ v [Tn] remove salt from (esp sea-water) 从（尤指海水）中除 去盐分; 使脱盐. desalination / 9di:9slI5neIFn; 9disAlE`neFEn/ n [U]. descale / 9di:5skeIl; di`skel/ v [Tn] remove scale1(3) from (eg the inside of boilers and kettles) 从（如 锅炉和水壶的内壁）上除去水垢, 水锈. descant / 5deskAnt; `dZskAnt/ n (music 音) treble accompaniment (often improvised) which is sung or played to a melody 高音部伴奏或伴唱（常为即兴的）. descant v. / dI5sknt; dI`skAnt/ [Ipr] ~ on/upon sth 1 (music 音) sing or play a descant on sth 为某 乐曲作高音伴奏或伴唱. 2 (fml 文) talk for a long time about sth; comment on sth 长时间谈论某 事; 评论某物: descant endlessly on the Government's failings 无尽无休地谈论政府的过失. descend / dI5send; dI`sZnd/ v 1 (fml 文) (a) [I, Tn] come or go down (sth) 下来; 下去; 下降: The balloon descended gradually as the air came out. 气球空气外逸而缓缓下降. * She descended the stairs. 她走下楼梯. (b) [I] (of a hill, etc) lead downwards; slope （指山等）下倾, 下斜: We turned the corner and saw that the road descended steeply. 我们转过弯, 看到路陡然下倾. 2 [Ipr] ~ from sb (of properties, qualities, rights) pass from father to son; be inherited by sb from sb （指财产、气质、 权利）由父传子, 从某人处继承, 传下, 遗传: The title descends to me from my father. 这个头衔是 由我父亲传给我的. 3 [I] (fml 文) (of night, darkness) fall （指夜、黑暗）降临: Night descends quickly in the tropics. 热带地区黑夜来得很快. 4 (idm 习语) be descended from sb have sb as an ancestor 为某人的后裔: She claims to be descended from royalty. 她声称她是皇室后裔. 5 (phr v) descend on/upon sb/sth (a) attack sb/sth suddenly 袭击某人[某物]: The police descended on their hide-out. 警察突袭了他们的藏身处. (b) visit sb/sth unexpectedly or inconveniently 出乎意料地或 不合时宜地去见某人[来到某处]: My sister's family is descending on us this weekend. 想不到我姐 姐一家本周末要到我们这里来. descend to sth (no passive 不用于被动语态) do or say sth that is mean and unworthy of one; stoop to sth 做或说卑鄙无耻的事; 降低身分或人格做某事: descend to fraud, abuse, bad language 堕落到去欺诈、辱骂、使用下流语言. descendant / -Ent; -Ent/ n person descended from another 后代; 后裔: the descendants of Queen Victoria 维多利亚女王的后裔. Cf 参看 ancestor 1. descent / dI5sent; dI`sZnt/ n 1 (a) [C usu sing 通常作单数] coming or going down 下来; 下去: The plane began its descent into Paris. 飞机到巴黎开始降落. (b) [C] slope 斜坡: Here there is a gradual descent to the sea. 这里有个通向海的缓坡. 2 [U] origins; ancestry 出身; 血统; 祖先; 祖 籍: of French descent, ie having French ancestors 祖籍法国* He traces his descent from the Stuart kings. 他的祖先可追溯至斯图亚特国王. 3 [C] ~(on/upon sb/sth) (fig 比喻) (a) attack 攻击; 袭 击: the invaders' descent on the town 入侵者对该城的攻击. (b) unexpected or inconvenient visit 出 乎意料的或不合时宜的到访: a sudden descent by tax officials 税务官员之突然到来. 4 [sing] change to behaviour that is low and unworthy 堕落: a sharp descent to violent abuse 突然粗俗得破 口大骂. describe / dI5skraIb; dI`skraIb/ v 1 [Tn, Tw, Cn.n/a, Dn.pr, Dpr.w] ~ sb/sth (to/for sb); ~ sb/sth as sth say what sb/sth is like; depict sth in words 描述某人[某事物]; 叙述某事物; 形容: Words cannot describe the beauty of the scene. 那景色之美难以言传. * Describe (to me) how you were received. （跟我）说说接待你的情况. * She described it as red with pink frills. 她将之描述为红色的带有粉 红色饰边. 2 [Cn.n/a] ~ sb/sth as sth state sb/sth to be sth; call 叫做; 称做: I hesitate to describe him as really clever. 我很难说他真聪明. * He describes himself as a doctor. 他自称是医生. 3 [Tn] (a) draw (esp a geometrical figure) 画（尤指几何图形）: describe a circle with a pair of compasses 用 圆规画圆. (b) move along (a line, curve, etc) 沿（直线、曲线等）移动: A bullet describes a curved path in the air. 子弹在空中作曲线运动. description / dI5skrIpFn; dI`skrIpFEn/ n 1 (a) [U] saying in words what sb/sth is like 对某人[某事 物]的描述、叙述、形容: He's not very good at description. 他不大擅长描写叙述. * The scenery was beautiful beyond description. 那风景美丽得难以形容. (b) [C] picture in words 描绘: Can you give me a description of the thief? 你能给我形容一下那个窃贼的模样吗? 2 (preceded by of and an adj or some, every, etc 用于of 和形容词或some 、 every 等之后) (infml 口) type; sort 类型; 种 类: boats of every description 各种类型的船* a house of some description 某种类型的房子 * wearing a dress of no particular description, ie a very ordinary dress 穿著很普通的连衣裙 * medals, coins and things of that description 那一类的纪念章、硬币、东西. 3 (idm 习语) answer to a description => answer2. beggar description => beggar. descriptive / dI5skrIptIv; dI`skrIptIv/ adj 1 (a) giving a picture in words 描述的; 描写的: a descriptive passage in a novel 小说中的一段描写. (b) describing sth with skill 精于描述的: a very descriptive account of a journey 对旅程十分生动的叙述* The report was so descriptive, I felt as if I were there. 这报道写得活色生香, 我也宛如身临其境. 2 (grammar) describing how language is actually used, without giving rules for how it ought to be used 描写语言的（描述语言的使用实况而 不规定使用规则的）. descriptively adv. descriptiveness n. [U]. descry / dI5skraI; dI`skraI/ v (pt, pp descried) [Tn] (fml 文) see (sth) esp a long way away; catch sight of 看见（某物）（尤指从远处）; 望见: I descry a sail on the horizon. 我看见在天水交接处的轮船. desecrate / 5desIkreIt; `dZsI9kret/ n [Tn] treat (a sacred thing or place) in an unworthy or evil way 亵 渎（圣物或圣地）: desecrate a grave, chapel, monument, etc 亵渎坟墓、小教堂、纪念碑等. desecration / 9desI5kreIFn; 9dZsI`kreFEn/ n [U] desecrating or being desecrated 亵渎. desegregate / 9di:5segrIgeIt; di`sZ-rI-et/ v [Tn] end racial segregation in (sth) 废除（某事物）的种 族隔离: desegregate schools, buses 废除学校里、公共汽车里的种族隔离. desegregation / 9di:9segrI5geIFn; di9sZ-rI`-eFEn/ n [U]. deselect / 9di:sI5lekt; 9disE`lZkt/ v [Tn] (Brit) (of a local constituency party) reject (the existing Member of Parliament) as a candidate at a forthcoming election （指地方选区政党）否决（现任议 员）作下届候选人. deselection n. [U]. desensitize, desensitise / 9di:5sensItaIz; di`sZnsE9taIz/ v [Tn] make (a patient, nerve, etc) insensitive or less sensitive to light, pain, etc 使（病人、神经等）对光、疼痛等无感觉或不敏感; 使脱敏: desensitize an area of skin 使一块皮肤脱敏 * (fig 比喻) people who are morally desensitized 道德 观念不强的人. desensitization, desensitisation / 9di:9sensItaI5zeIFn; ?@ -tE5z-; 9disZnsEtE`zeFEn/ n [U]. desert / dI5z\:t; dI`z[t/ v 1 [Tn] (a) go away from (a place) without intending ever to return 离弃（一 地方）; 放弃; 遗弃: desert a house, city, etc 离弃一所房屋、一座城市等* The village had been hurriedly deserted, perhaps because terrorists were in the area. 全村人都匆匆逃走了, 或许因为该地 区有恐怖分子. (b) leave (sb) without help or support; abandon 离弃（某人）; 抛弃: He deserted his wife and children and went abroad. 他抛弃了妻子儿女, 出国去了. * He has become so rude that his friends are deserting him. 他变得十分粗野, 朋友们都不和他来往了. 2 [I, Ipr, Tn] leave (esp service in the armed forces, or a ship) without authority or permission; run away 擅自离开（尤指军中 或船上的职守）; 逃跑; 潜逃: A soldier who deserts (his post) in time of war is punished severely. 战 争期间开小差的士兵要受到严惩. * desert from the army 开小差. 3 [Tn] fail (sb) when needed 在关键时使（某人）失望: His courage/presence of mind deserted him. 他丧失了勇气[再不能镇定 自若]. deserted adj. (a) with no one present 无人的: a deserted street, area, etc 空无一人的街道、地区等 * The office was quite deserted. 这个办公室里没有人. (b) abandoned 被离弃的; 被遗弃的; 被抛 弃的: a deserted hut, house, etc 被离弃的小屋、房子等* a deserted wife, ie one whose husband has left her 遭遗弃的妻子. deserter n. person who deserts (desert1 2) 擅离职守者; 开小差者; 潜逃者. desertion / dI5z\:Fn; dI`z[FEn/ n [C, U] (instance of) deserting or being deserted 离弃; 遗弃; 抛弃; 开小差: Is desertion grounds for divorce? 被配偶遗弃是离婚的理由吗? * Desertion from the army is punishable by death. 开小差可处死刑. desert / 5dezEt; `dZzLt/ n [C, U] (large area of) barren land, with very little water and vegetation, often sand-covered 沙漠; 荒漠; 荒原: Vast areas of land have become desert. 广大的地区均已变成 沙漠. * the Sahara Desert 撒哈拉大沙漠 * [attrib 作定语] desert wastes, sands, etc 不毛的荒地、 沙漠等. desert island uninhabited island (esp in the tropics) 无人居住的岛（尤指热带地区的）. deserts / dI5z\:ts; dI`z[ts/ n [pl] what one deserves 应得到的事物: be rewarded/punished according to one's deserts 受到应得的奖赏[惩罚] * get/meet with one's just deserts 得到应得的奖赏或惩罚. deserve / dI5z\:v; dI`z[v/ v (not used in the continuous tenses 不用于进行时态) 1 [Tn, Tt] be sth or have done sth for which one should receive (a reward, special treatment, etc); be entitled to; merit 应 受（奖赏、特殊待遇等）; 应得; 值得: The article deserves careful study. 这篇文章值得仔细研究. * She deserves a reward for her efforts. 她积极努力, 应得到奖赏. * He richly deserved all that happened to him. 他得到这一切确是受之无愧. * They deserve to be sent to prison. 他们应该入狱. * much deserved praise 受之无愧的赞扬. 2 (idm 习语) deserve well/ill of sb (fml 文) be worthy of good/bad treatment by sb 应该受到某人好的[坏的]待遇: She deserves well of her employers. 她 应当受到雇主善待. one good turn deserves another => turn2. deservedly / dI5z\:vIdlI; dI`z[vIdlI/ adv according to what is deserved; justly; rightly 应得地; 理所当 然地; 恰如其分地: She was deservedly praised. 她受到了应得的表扬. deserving / dI5z\:vIN; dI`z[vIN/ adj ~ (of sth) worthy of help, praise, a reward, etc （帮助、赞扬、奖 励等）应得的, 值得的: give money to a deserving cause 把钱捐给值得赞助的事业 * be deserving of sympathy 值得同情的* a very deserving case, eg sb who used to be generous and now needs help 很值得帮助的人. deshabille / 9deIzA5bi:eI; 9dZzE`bil/ n [U] (French 法) state of being only partly dressed 衣著仅部 分遮体: appear in deshabille 出现时衣著随便. desiccant / 5desIkEnt; `dZsEkEnt/ n substance that absorbs moisture, and is often used to keep food in good condition 乾燥剂. desiccate / 5desIkeIt; `dZsE9ket/ v [Tn] remove all the moisture from (esp solid food) to preserve it 除去（尤指食物的）水分; 使脱水: desiccated fruit/coconut 水果[椰子]乾. desideratum / dI9zIdE5rB:tEm; dI9zIdE`rBtEm/ n (pl -rata/ -5rB:tE; -`rBtE/) (fml 文) thing that is lacking and needed 需要的东西: The report on the hospital mentions such desiderata as a supply of clean laundry. 报告中提到该医院需要乾净的洗换物品. design / dI5zaIn; dI`zaIn/ n 1 (a) [C] ~ (for sth) drawing or outline from which sth may be made 图 样; 设计图: designs for a dress, a garden, an aircraft 连衣裙、花园、飞机的设计图. (b) [U] art of making such drawings, etc 设计术; 制图术: study textile design 学习纺织品设计术 * industrial design 工业设计. 2 [U] general arrangement or planning (of a building, book, machine, picture, etc) （建筑物、书、机器、画等的）设计, 布局: The building seats 2000 people, but is of poor design. 这座建筑物可容纳2000 人, 但设计很差. * A machine of faulty design will not sell well. 设计不良 的机器销路不会好. 3 [C] arrangement of lines, shapes or figures as decoration on a carpet, vase, etc; pattern （地毯、花瓶等上的）装饰图案; 图案: a bowl with a flower design 有花卉图案的碗. 4 [U, C] purpose; intention 目的; 打算; 意向: We don't know if it was done by accident or by design, ie deliberately. 我们不知道那是偶然的还是故意的. * His evil designs were frustrated. 他的罪恶企 图未能得逞. 5 (idm 习语) have designs on sb/sth intend to harm sb/sth or take sb/sth for oneself 企图伤害某人[某事物]; 企图将某人[某事物]据为己有: She has designs on his money. 她觊觎他 的钱财. * He has designs on her, eg wants to seduce her. 他对她存心不良（如想诱奸她）. design v. 1 (a) [I, Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (for sb/sth) decide how sth will look, work, etc, esp by making plans, drawings or models of it 设计; 制图: Do the Italians really design better than we do? 意大利人真比我们会设计吗? * design a car, a dress, a tool, an office 设计汽车、连衣裙、工具、 办公室* They've designed us a superb studio. 他们给我们设计了一个极好的工作室. * We design kitchens for today's cooks. 我们为当今一代的厨师设计厨房. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] think of and plan (a system, procedure, etc); devise 想出, 计划（一系统、步骤等）; 谋划: Can anyone design a better timetable? 有人能定出更好的时间表吗? * We shall have to design a new curriculum for the third year. 我们得设计出三年级的新课程. 2 (idm 习语) be designed for sb/sth; be designed as sth; be designed to do sth be made or planned for a particular purpose or use 为某目的或用途而制造或计划: The gloves were designed for extremely cold climates. 这些手套是为严寒地区制造的. * This course is designed as an introduction to the subject. 这门课程是作为该科目的入门课而开设的. * The route was designed to relieve traffic congestion. 这条路是为缓解交通拥挤而开辟的. designedly / -IdlI; -IdlI/ advintentionally; on purpose 有意地; 蓄意地; 故意地. designing n [U] art of making designs (for machinery, dresses, etc) （机械、服装等的）设计术. designate / 5dezIgneIt, -nEt; `dZzI-net, -nEt/ adj (following ns 用于名词之后) appointed to a job (but not yet having officially started it) 已受委任（而尚未上任）的: the editor, director, archbishop, etc designate 已受委任的编辑、董事、大主教等. designate / 5dezIgneIt; `dZzI-9net/ v 1 [Tn] mark or point out (sth) clearly 清楚地标出或指出（某 事物）: designate the boundaries of sth 标出某事物的分界线. 2 [esp passive 尤用于被动语态: Cn.n, Cn.n/a] ~ sb/sth (as) sth (fml 文) (a) choose sb/sth for a special purpose 为某目的选择某人[某 事物]: The town has been designated (as) a development area. 该城已被定为开发区. (b) give a particular name, title or position to sb 给某人某名称、称号、职务或地位: She was designated (as) sportswoman of the year. 她被命名为本年度的体坛明星. * The chairman has designated Christina as his successor. 主席已指定克里斯蒂娜作他的继任人. designation / 9dezIg5neIFn; 9dZzI-`neFEn/ n (fml 文) 1 [U] ~ (as sth) appointing of sb to an office 任命; 委派. 2 [C] name, title or description 名称; 称号; 称呼: His official designation is Financial Controller. 他的职称是财务总监. designer / dI5zaInE(r); dI`zaInL/ n person whose job is designing (eg machinery, furniture, fashionable clothes) 设计者（如机器、家具、时装的设计人）: an industrial designer 工业设计师 * dressed by a leading New York designer 穿著纽约主要设计师设计的服装 * [attrib 作定语] designer jeans 标有设计师姓名的牛仔裤 * (joc 谑) designer stubble, ie an unshaven look deliberately cultivated for effect （讲派头而不刮脸的）胡子拉碴. designing / dI5zaInIN; dI`zaInIN/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (derog 贬) wanting to carry out one's own secret plans; cunning 别有用心的; 狡猾的: Designing colleagues stopped them from promoting me. 有些别有用心的同事阻止他们提拔我. desirable / dI5zaIErEbl; dI`zaIrEbl/ adj 1 ~ (that...) worth having; to be wished for 值得有的; 想望 的; 称心的; 合意的: a desirable residence, solution 称心的住所、解决方法* It is most desirable that they should both come. 他们两人都来, 这最好不过了. 2 (of a person) arousing sexual desire （指人）引起性欲的, 性感的: a very desirable woman 非常性感的女子. desirability / dI9zaIErE5bIlEtI; dI9zaIrE`bIlEtI/ n [U]. desirably / -rEblI; -rEblI/ adv. desire / dI5zaIE(r); dI`zaIr/ n 1 (a) [U] ~ (for sth/to do sth) strong sexual longing 性欲; 情欲; 肉欲: my desire for her/to make love with her 我对她的强烈的情欲[与她做爱的强烈欲望]. (b) [C] instance of this 性欲; 情欲; 肉欲: passionate, intense, strong, etc desires 热切的、极大的、强烈 的...性欲* satisfy one's desires 满足性欲. 2 (a) [U] ~ (for sth/to do sth) longing; craving 渴望; 欲望; 渴求; 热望: They had little desire for wealth/to get rich. 他们对财富[致富]无大欲望. * his country's desire for friendly relations/to establish friendly relations 他们国家对友好关系[建立友好 关系]的热望. (b) [C] instance of this; wish 渴望; 欲望; 渴求; 热望: enough to satisfy all your desires 完全能满足你所有的愿望. 3 [C] person or thing that is wished for 想望的人或物: She is my heart's desire. 她是我心上人. desire / dI5zaIE(r); dI`zaIr/ v 1 (a) [Tn, Tf, Tt, Tnt] (fml 文) wish for (sth); want 希望得到（某事 物）; 想要: We all desire happiness and health. 我们都希望幸福和健康. * Our holiday was all that could be desired, ie was entirely satisfactory. 我们的假日称心如意. * She desires you to come/that you come at once. 她希望你立即来. * I have long desired to meet them. 我一直渴望见到他们. (b) [Tn] be sexually attracted to (sb) 被（某异性）吸引: She desires his young, strong body. 他年轻强 壮的身体使她春心荡漾. 2 (idm 习语) leave a lot, etc to be desired => leave1. desirous / dI5zaIErEs; dI`zaIrEs/ adj [pred 作表语] ~ of sth/doing sth; ~ that... (fml or rhet 文或修辞) having a wish for (sth); wanting 希望; 渴望: desirous of peace 渴望和平* desirous of restoring relations between our two countries 渴望恢复我们两国之间的关系* desirous that these initiatives should lead to further exchanges 希望这些主动的行动能促进交流. desist / dI5zIst; dI`zIst/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (from sth/doing sth) (fml 文) stop sth/doing sth; cease 停止某事 物[不再做某事物]; 停止; 结束: I wish he'd desist from entertaining his friends at all hours of the day and night. 但愿他别再昼夜不分地招待他的朋友. desk / desk; dZsk/ n 1 piece of furniture with a flat or sloping top, often with drawers, at which one can read, write or do business 书桌; 办公桌: an office desk 办公桌* children seated at their desks 坐在各自书桌前的儿童 * [attrib 作定语] a desk job 办公室的工作. =>illus at App 1 见附录1 之 插图, page xvi. 2 table or counter in a public building behind which a receptionist, cashier, etc works （接待员、出纳员等的）桌子, 柜台: an enquiry/information desk 问询处[问讯处] * leave a message at the desk of the hotel 在旅馆的服务处留言. 3 office, eg in a newspaper or ministry, that handles a particular matter 办事处（如报社或政府部门的）; 部; 司; 组: Jefferies is running the sports desk. 杰弗里斯负责体育新闻组. desk clerk ( US) = clerk 3. desk-top / -tCp; -9tBp/ n top of a desk 桌面: [attrib 作定语] a desk-top computer, ie one that fits on a desk 台式计算机 * [attrib 作定语] desk-top publishing, ie using a microcomputer and (esp a laser) printer to produce high-quality printed material 桌面出版（使用微型计算机和印字机, 尤指激光印 字机印刷的）. desolate / 5desElEt; `dZsElEt/ adj 1 (of a place) deserted and miserable （指地方）无人烟的, 荒凉 的, 荒芜的: a desolate industrial landscape 工业废墟* a desolate, windswept moorland area 荒凉 的、受强风吹袭的高沼地区. 2 miserable and without friends; lonely and sad 凄凉而无友的; 孤 凄的: a desolate person, life, existence 孤独而凄凉的人、生活、生活情况* We all felt absolutely desolate when she left. 她走后, 我们都觉得万分孤寂. desolate / 5desEleIt; `dZsE9let/ v [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] 1 leave (a place) ruined and deserted 使（某处）沦为废墟; 使荒凉: a city desolated by civil strife 遭内乱破坏的城市. 2 make (sb) sad and hopeless 使（某人）悲伤绝望: a family desolated by the loss of a child 因失去孩子而 悲痛欲绝的一家人. desolately adv. desolation / 9desE5leIFn; 9dZsE`leFEn/ n [U] desolating or being desolated ( desolate v 1) 遗弃; 荒凉; 破坏: the desolation caused by war 战争 造成的满目疮痍. 2 misery; loneliness 凄凉; 孤寂: her utter desolation when she heard the bad news 她听到那坏消息时极度悲伤. despair / dI5speE(r); dI`spZr/ n 1 [U] state of having lost all hope 失去一切希望; 绝望: Your stupidity will drive me to (ie make me feel) despair. 你愚蠢得使我寒心. * He gave up the struggle in despair. 他绝望地放弃了斗争. * She was overcome by despair. 她已完全绝望. * his despair of ever seeing his family again 他再也见不到他家里人的绝望心情. 2 (idm 习语) be the despair of sb make sb give up hope 使某人放弃希望: Your son is the despair of all his teachers, ie They no longer expect to be able to teach him anything. 你的儿子在所有教师的心目中已毫无希望了. despair v. [I, Ipr] ~ (of sb/sth) (fml 文) have lost all hope (esp that sb/sth will improve) 失去全部希 望; 绝望: We've despair of him; he can't keep a job for more than six months. 我们对他已经绝望了, 他做什麽工作都不能超过半年. despairing / dI5speErIN; dI`spZrIN/ adj showing despair 表现绝望的; 绝望的: a despairing look/gesture 绝望的神色[姿态]. despairingly adv: look despairingly at the judge 绝望地看著法官. despatch / dI5spAtF; dI`spAtF/ n, v = dispatch. desperado / 9despE5rB:dEU; 9dZspE`rBdo/ n (pl ~es; US also ~s) (dated 旧) man who commits dangerous, esp criminal, acts without worrying about himself or other people 亡命之徒; 暴徒: the desperadoes who robbed the mail-train 抢劫邮车的亡命徒. desperate / 5despErEt; `dZspErEt/ adj 1 feeling or showing great despair and ready to do anything regardless of danger 感到绝望而不惜冒险的; 拚命的; 不顾一切的: The prisoners grew more desperate. 囚徒们在绝望中更加不顾死活了. * She wrote me a desperate letter. 她给我写了一封信 表示因绝望而不惜孤注一掷. 2 [attrib 作定语] violent and sometimes against the law 凶暴的; 犯 法的: a desperate criminal, act, robbery 无法无天的罪犯、行为、抢劫. 3 [usu pred 通常作表语] ~ (for sth/to do sth) in great need (of sth/to do sth) 极需要（某事物[做某事]）: They're desperate for money. 他们极需钱. * (infml 口) Have you got some water? I'm desperate (for a drink). 你有水吗? 我很想喝（一点）. * I'm desperate to see her. 我很想见到她. 4 extremely serious or dangerous 极 严重的; 极危险的: a desperate situation, shortage, illness 危局、奇缺、重病* The state of the country is desperate. 该国局势危殆. 5 [usu attrib 通常作定语] giving little hope of success; tried when all else has failed 成功希望渺茫的; 孤注一掷的: a desperate remedy, measure, etc 成功希望 渺茫的补救方法、孤注一掷的措施. desperately adv. desperation / 9despE5reIFn; 9dZspE`reFEn/ n [U] state of being desperate(1) 拚命; 不顾一切; 不顾 死活: driven to desperation 被逼得铤而走险* In desperation I pleaded with the attackers. 我不顾 一切向攻击者哀求. despicable / dI5spIkEbl, 5despIkEbl; dI`spIkEbl, `dZspIkEbl/ adj ~ (of sb) (to do sth) deserving to be despised; contemptible 可鄙的; 卑鄙的: a despicable action, gesture 可鄙的行动、姿势 * a despicable rogue 卑鄙的无赖. despicably / -EblI; -EblI/ adv: behave despicably 举动卑鄙. despise / dI5spaIz; dI`spaIz/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (for sth) feel contempt for sb/sth; consider sb/sth as worthless 鄙视、藐视、看不起某人[某事物]: despise his hypocrisy, meanness, conceit, etc 鄙视 他的虚伪、吝啬、自负等* Strike-breakers are often despised by their workmates. 破坏罢工的人 常为同事所不齿. despite / dI5spaIt; dI`spaIt/ prep without being affected by (the factors mentioned) 尽管; 不管; 不顾: They had a wonderful holiday, despite the bad weather. 尽管天气不好, 他们的假日还是过得极为 愉快. * Despite wanting to see him again, she refused to reply to his letters. 她尽管很想再见到他, 但却不愿给他回信. * Despite what others say, I think he's a very nice chap. 不管别人怎麽说, 我仍 认为他这个人很好. Cf 参看in spite of (spite). despoil / dI5spRIl; dI`spRIl/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~sth (of sth) (fml 文) rob (a place) of sth valuable; plunder sth 从（某处）抢劫有价值之物; 掠夺某物: Museums have despoiled India of many priceless treasures. 博物馆里有许多从印度掠夺来的无价之宝. despondent / dI5spCndEnt; dI`spBndEnt/ adj ~ (about sth) having or showing loss of hope; wretched 失望的; 沮丧的; 消沉的; 苦恼的: a despondent loser, mood, look 沮丧的失败者、情绪、神情 * Don't be so despondent. 不要这样泄气. despondency / dI5spCndEnsI; dI`spBndEnsI/ n [U] loss of hope; misery 泄气; 沮丧; 失望; 苦恼: her despondency about having no job 她因失业而意志消沉. despondently adv. dessert / dI5z\:t; dI`z[t/ (also sweet) n (a) [C] any sweet dish, (eg pie, tart, ice-cream) eaten at the end of a meal （饭后的）甜食（如馅饼、果馅饼、冰激凌）: a pineapple dessert 菠萝甜食. Cf 参 看afters, pudding 1. (b) [U] course in which this dish is served （用作最后一道菜的）甜食: Shall we move on to dessert? 咱们上甜食好吗? * [attrib 作定语] a dessert apple, wine, etc, ie served with or for dessert 作为甜食的苹果、餐末甜酒. dessert-spoon n. (a) medium-sized spoon 点心匙; 中型匙. =>illus at spoon 见spoon 之插图. (b) (also dessert-spoonful) / -fUl; -9fJl/ amount held by this 一点心匙的量. destination / 9destI5neIFn; 9dZstE`neFEn/ n place to which sb/sth is going or being sent 目的地: Tokyo was our final destination. 东京是我们的最终目的地. * arrive at/reach one's destination 到达 目的地. destined / 5destInd; `dZstInd/ adj [pred 作表语] (fml 文) 1 ~ for sth/to do sth; be ~ that... having a future which has been decided or planned beforehand 命中注定; 注定; 预定: Coming from a theatrical family, I was destined for a career on the stage, ie I was expected to be an actor. 我生于戏 剧工作者之家, 注定了我的舞台生涯. * They were destined never to meet again, ie Fate had decided they should not meet again. 他们命中注定再也无缘相遇了. * It was destined that they would marry. 他们结婚是缘分. 2 ~ for... on the way to (a place) 去, 到, 往, 赴（某处）: a letter, a traveller, an aircraft destined for London 往伦敦的信、游客、飞机. destiny / 5destInI; `dZstEnI/ n 1 [U] power believed to control events 命运: Destiny drew us together. 命运把我们连在一起了. 2 [C] that which happens to sb/sth (thought to be decided beforehand by fate) 定数; 天命: It was his destiny to die in a foreign country. 他注定要客死异国. * events which shaped his destiny 决定他命运的事件. destitute / 5destItju:t; ?@ -tu:t; `dZstE9tut/ adj 1 without money, food, etc and other things necessary for life; impoverished 穷困的; 贫穷的; 穷苦的: When he died, his family was left destitute. 他死后 家人衣食无著. 2 [pred 作表语] ~ of sth (fml 文) lacking sth 缺少某事物: officials who are destitute of ordinary human feelings 毫无感情的官员. destitution / 9destI5tju:Fn; ?@ -5tu:Fn; 9dZstE`tuFEn/ n [U] being destitute 匮乏; 穷困: live in complete destitution 生活一贫如洗. destroy / dI5strRI; dI`strRI/ v 1 [Tn] damage (sth) so badly that it no longer exists, works, etc; wreck 摧毁, 毁坏（某物）: a house destroyed by bombs, fire, explosion 被炸弹、大火、爆炸毁掉的房 子* Vandals destroyed the bus. 恣意破坏公物的人毁坏了这辆公共汽车. * They've destroyed all the evidence. 他们销毁了一切证据. * (fig 比喻) destroy sb's hopes, career, reputation 毁掉某人的 希望、事业、名誉. 2 [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] kill (a dog, horse, etc) deliberately, usu because it is sick or unwanted 杀死（狗、马等）（通常因其生病或不能保留）; 人道毁灭: The injured dog had to be destroyed. 这只受伤的狗要予以人道毁灭. destroyer n. 1 (fml 文) person or thing that destroys 破坏者: Death, the destroyer 死神, 生灵之 毁灭者. 2 small fast warship for protecting larger warships or convoys of merchant ships 驱逐舰. destructible / dI5strQktEbl; dI`strQktEbl/ adj that can be destroyed 可破坏的; 可摧毁的; 可毁灭的. destructibility / dI9strQktE5bIlEtI; dI9strQktE`bIlEtI/ n [U]. destruction / dI5strQkFn; dI`strQkFEn/ n [U] (a) destroying or being destroyed 破坏; 摧毁; 毁灭: the total destruction of a town by an earthquake 地震对一小镇之彻底毁坏. (b) person or thing that destroys or ruins 破坏者; 毁灭者: Gambling was his destruction. 赌博把他毁了. destructive / dI5strQktIv; dI`strQktIv/ adj (a) causing destruction or serious damage 造成毁灭或严重 破坏的; 毁灭性的: the destructive force of the storm 暴风雨的破坏力. (b) wanting or tending to destroy 想要破坏的; 会造成破坏的: destructive urges 想搞破坏的欲望* Are all small children so destructive? 是不是儿童都很喜欢破坏? * destructive criticism, ie making no positive suggestions for improvement 破坏性的批评. destructively adv. destructiveness n. [U]. desuetude / dI5sju:Itju:d; ?@ -tu:d; dI`suE9tud/ n (idm 习语) fall into de`suetude (fml 文) cease being used 已不用; 废止: customs, fashions, words that have fallen into desuetude 已经废弃的风 俗、式样、词语. desultory / 5desEltrI; ?@ -tR:rI; `dZsEl9tRrI/ adj going from one thing to another, without a definite plan or purpose; unmethodical 不连贯的; 漫无计划或目的的; 无条理的: desultory reading, work 漫无目的的阅读、漫无计划的工作* desultory attempts to help 毫无计划的随意帮助. desultorily adv. desultoriness n. [U]. Det abbr. 缩写 = Detective. detach / dI5tAtF; dI`tAtF/ v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) unfasten sth from sth; disconnect sth 将某 物拆下; 拆开某物; 分开某物: detach a link from a chain 从链子上拆下一个链环 * a coach detached from a train 从火车上脱离的一节车厢. Cf 参看attach 1. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (from sth) (military 军) send (a group of soldiers, ships, etc) away from the main force, esp to do special duties 派遣, 分遣（兵员、船舰等）（尤指执行特殊任务）: A number of men were detached to guard the right flank. 派遣了一些士兵守卫右翼. detached adj. 1 (a) not influenced by others; impartial 不受他人影响的; 不偏不倚的; 公正的: a detached mind, assessment, judgement, etc 不偏不倚的见解、评价、判断等* take a detached view of sth 对某事物采取公正的观点. (b) not feeling emotional or involved 不动感情的; 冷静的; 客观的; 超然的: her detached response to the crisis 她对这危机的客观的反应. 2 (of a house) not joined to another on either side （指房子）两边不与其他房子相连的, 独立的. =>illus at App 1 见 附录1 之插图, page vii. detachable / -Ebl; -Ebl/ adj that can be detached 可拆开的; 可分离的; 可分遣的: a detachable lining in a coat 大衣的活衬里. detachment / dI5tAtFmEnt; dI`tAtFmEnt/ n 1 [U] detaching or being detached 派遣; 分遣: the detachment of units from the main force 从主力部队派遣的小分队. 2 [U] (a) state of being not influenced by others 不受他人影响; 独立; 客观: show detachment in one's judgements 表现出独 立的见解. (b) lack of emotion; indifference 冷静; 超然: He answered with an air of detachment. 他 以超然的神态回答. 3 [C] group of soldiers, ships, etc sent away from a larger group, esp to do special duties 分遣队; 支队; 特遣舰队: a detachment of signallers 通讯兵支队. detail / 5di:teIl; ?@ dI5teIl; dI`tel/ n 1 [C] small, particular fact or item 细目; 细节; 详情: Please give me all the details. 请告诉我全部详情. * I checked every detail of her research. 我核对了她的 学术研究的各个细节. * The details of the costume were totally authentic. 这件古装的每个小地方 都完全真实. * Spare me the details! ie Don't provide any. 别给我讲细枝末节了! 2 [U] (a) small, particular aspects of sth 细微的方面: A good organizer pays attention to detail. 善于组织者考虑问 题无微不至. * a novelist with an eye for detail, eg who includes many small, realistic facts 刻划入微 的小说家. (b) smaller or less important parts of a picture, pattern, etc （绘画、图案等的）较小的 或次要的部分: The overall composition of the picture is good but some of the detail is distracting. 这 幅画的构图不错, 但有些细微处稍嫌喧宾夺主. 3 [C] (military 军) group of soldiers given special duties 特遣队; 小分队: the cookhouse detail 营地炊事班. 4 (idm 习语) go into `detail(s) speak or write about all aspects of sth 详细叙述: He refused to go into details about his plans. 他不肯详述他 计划的细节. in `detail discussing all facts or items fully 详细地: to explain/describe sth in detail 详 细解释[叙述]某事物. detail / 5di:teIl; ?@ dI5teIl; dI`tel/ v 1 [Tn, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to/for sb) list sth fully, item by item; describe sth fully (to/for sb) 逐项列出; （向[为]某人）详述某事物: The computer's features are detailed in our brochure. 该计算机的特点在我们的小册子中有详细介绍. * an inventory detailing all the goods in a shop 逐项列出的商店货物清单* I detailed our plans to her. 我向她详细讲述了 我们的计划. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.t] ~ sb (for sth) choose or appoint sb for special duties 选出或指派某 人执行特殊任务: detail soldiers for guard duty/to guard a bridge 派士兵值勤[守桥]. detailed adj. having many details or paying great attention to details; thorough 详细的; 极注意细 节的; 详尽的; 完全的: a detailed description, account, analysis, etc 详尽的叙述、报道、分析等. detain / dI5teIn; dI`ten/ v [Tn] 1 prevent (sb) from leaving or doing sth; delay 阻止（某人）离开或 做某事; 耽搁; 延误: She was detained in the office by unexpected callers. 有些临时访客把她耽搁 在办公室里了. * This question need not detain us long, ie can be settled quickly. 这个问题不必耽搁 我们很长时间. 2 keep (sb) in custody; lock up 拘留（某人）; 扣押: The police detained him for questioning. 警方对他进行拘留审问. detainee / 9di:teI5ni:; di9te`ni/ n person who is detained (by police, etc, eg sb suspected of a violent crime, terrorism, etc) 被拘留者. detect / dI5tekt; dI`tZkt/ v [Tn] (a) discover or recognize that (sth) is present 发现、察觉或查出（某 事物）: The dentist could detect no decay in her teeth. 牙医检查了她的牙, 未见有龋齿. * instruments that can detect minute amounts of radiation 能检测极微量辐射的仪器* Do I detect a note of irony in your voice? 听起来你是在说反话吧? (b) investigate and solve (crime, etc) 侦察, 侦查（罪案等）: This police officer's job is to detect fraud. 这位警官负责侦查欺诈案. detector n. device for detecting changes in pressure or temperature, metals, explosives, etc 探测器. detection / dI5tekFn; dI`tZkFEn/ n [U] detecting; discovering 发现; 察觉; 侦查; 探测: the detection of radioactivity 对放射性的探测* the detection of crime 对罪行的侦查* try to escape detection by disguising oneself 乔装打扮以躲过侦察者的耳目. detective / dI5tektIv; dI`tZktIv/ n person, esp a police officer, whose job it is to investigate and solve crimes 侦探: employ a private detective 雇用一名私人侦探. detective story, detective novel story in which the main interest is a puzzling crime and the process of solving it 侦探小说. detente / 9deI5tB:nt; de`tBnt/ n [U] (French 法) lessening of dangerous tension, esp between countries （紧张关系的）缓和（尤指国与国间的）. detention / dI5tenFn; dI`tZnFEn/ n [U] (a) detaining or being detained, esp in prison 阻止; 滞留; 拘 留; （尤指）监禁: detention without trial 未经审判的关押. (b) punishment of being kept at school after it has closed 课后留校的惩罚: be given two hours' detention 被罚留校两小时. detention centre place where young offenders are kept in detention for a short time 青少年管教所. deter / dI5t\:(r); dI`t[/ v (-rr-) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from doing sth) make sb decide not to do sth 使某人决 定不做某事物: Failure did not deter him (from making another attempt). 他并未因失败而畏缩不前. * I was deterred from emigrating by the thought of leaving my family. 我舍不得离开家, 所以决定 不移居国外了. detergent / dI5t\:dVEnt; dI`t[dVEnt/ n [U, C], adj (substance) that removes dirt, eg from the surface of clothes or dishes 洗涤剂; 去污剂; 洗涤的; 去污的: Most synthetic detergents are in the form of powder or liquid. 大多数合成洗涤剂呈粉状或液态. deteriorate / dI5tIErIEreIt; dI`tIrIE9ret/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (into sth) become worse in quality or condition 变 坏; 变质; 恶化: Leather can deteriorate in damp conditions. 皮革受潮可变质. * The discussion deteriorated into a bitter quarrel. 这场讨论演变成了激烈的争吵. deterioration / dI9tIErIE5reIFn; dI9tIrIE`reFEn/ n [U]: a deterioration in superpower relations 超级大 国之间关系的恶化. determinant / dI5t\:mInEnt; dI`t[mEnEnt/ n, adj (fml 文) (thing) that determines or decides how or if sth happens 决定因素; 决定性的: The main determinant of economic success is our ability to control inflation. 经济方面的成就主要取决于我们控制通货膨胀的能力. determinate / dI5t\:mInEt; dI`t[mEnEt/ adj (fml 文) limited in range or scope; definite 限定的; 确定 的. determination / dI9t\:mI5neIFn; dI9t[mE`neFEn/ n [U] 1 ~ (to do sth) quality of being firmly committed to doing sth; resoluteness 决心; 坚定性: a leader with courage and determination 果敢的 领导者* with an air of determination, ie showing this quality 带著一副坚定的神态* her dogged determination to learn English 她学英语的那种坚定不移的决心. 2 precise fixing (of sth); deciding （对某事物的）确定; 决定: the determination of future policy 未来政策的确定. 3 finding out (of an amount, a quality, etc); calculation （数量、质量等的）测定; 计算: the determination of a ship's position/the exact composition of a substance 船的方位[某种物质的准确成分]的测定. determinative / dI5t\:mInEtIv; ?@ -neItIv; dI`t[mE-9netIv/ adj (fml 文) having the power to determine or limit sth （对某事物）有决定力的, 有限制力的: a determinative factor in his psychological development 在他心理发展过程中的决定因素. determinative n. thing having the power to determine or limit sth 决定因素. determine / dI5t\:mIn; dI`t[mIn/ v 1 [Tn, Tw] (fml 文) fix (sth) precisely; decide 确定（某事物）; 决定: determine a date for a meeting 确定会议日期* His future has not been determined, but he may study medicine. 他将来何去何从尚未决定, 但有可能学医. * She will determine how it is to be done. 她会决定这件事的做法. 2 [Tn, Tw] (fml 文) find out (sth that is not known); calculate 测定, 找出（某未知事物）; 算出: determine the meaning of a word/what a word means 确定某词 的含义* determine exactly what happened 查出究竟发生了什麽事* determine the speed of light, how high a mountain is 测定光速、山有多高. 3 [Ipr, Tf, Tw, Tt] ~ on/upon sth decide firmly that sth will be done; make up one's mind about sth; resolve 决定做某事; 对某事下定决心; 决心: We determined on an early start/(that) we'd makean early start. 我们决定早些出发. * determine on proving/to prove sb's innocence 决心要证实某人无辜 * They have determined where the new school will be built. 他们已决定在何处建校. * He determined to learn Greek. 他决定学希腊语. 4 [Tn.pr] ~ sb against sth (fml 文) make sb decide not to do sth 使某人决定不做某事: That determined her against leaving home. 那件事使她决定不离开家了. 5 [Tn] decisively influence (sth); fix 对（某事物）产生决定性的影响; 决定: Do heredity and environment determine one's character? 遗传与环境可以决定一个人的性格吗? * The exam results could determine your career. 考试成绩可能会决定你的前途. determined / dI5t\:mInd; dI`t[mInd/ adj ~ (to do sth) with one's mind firmly made up; resolute 有决心 的; 意志坚定的; 坚决的: a determined fighter, look, attitude 坚定的战士、神情、态度 * I'm determined to succeed. 我决心要努力获得成功. determiner / dI5t\:mInE(r); dI`t[mInL/ n (grammar) word, eg the, some, my, that comes before a noun to show how the noun is being used 限定词（置于名词前, 对该名词起限定作用的词, 如the、 some 、 my）. determinism / dI5t\:mInIzEm; dI`t[mEn9IzEm/ n [U] (philosophy 哲) belief that one is not free to choose the sort of person one wants to be, or how one behaves, because these things are decided by one's background, surroundings, etc 决定论（认为个人并无选择个性或行为的自由, 因为这一切都 由其背景、环境等所决定）. deterrent / dI5terEnt; ?@ -5t\:-; dI`t[rEnt/ n, adj (thing) that deters or is meant to deter 起制止作用的 （事物）; 遏止的（因素）; 威慑的（力量）: His punishment will be a deterrent to others. 惩罚他 以儆效尤. * deterrent weapons, measures 具威慑性的武器、遏制性的手段. deterrence / dI5terEns; ?@ -5t\:-; dI`t[rEns/ n [U] action of deterring 阻止; 遏止; 威慑: nuclear deterrence, ie (a policy of) having nuclear weapons in order to make an enemy too frightened to attack 核威慑. detest / dI5test; dI`tZst/ v [Tn, Tg, Tsg] dislike (sb/sth) very much; hate 憎恶, 憎恨（某人[某事物]）; 厌恶; 讨厌: detest dogs 讨厌狗* detest having to get up early 很不喜欢早起身* I detest people complaining. 我讨厌人发牢骚. detestable / -Ebl; -Ebl/ adj that one hates; hateful 令人憎恨的; 可憎的; 可恶的; 讨厌的: a detestable habit 可恶的习惯. detestably / -EblI; -EblI/ adv. detestation / 9di:te5steIFn; 9ditZs`teFEn/ n [U] strong dislike; hatred 强烈的厌恶; 憎恶. dethrone / 9di:5WrEUn; di`Wron/ v [Tn] (a) remove (a ruler) from the throne; depose 废黜（君主）. (b) (fig 比喻) remove (sb) from a position of authority or influence 使（某人）失去权势; 撵下台; 挤 走: a government adviser dethroned by a younger expert 被较年轻的专家挤走的政府顾问. dethronement n. [C, U]. detonate / 5detEneIt; `dZtE9net/ v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) explode; (be) set off （使某物）爆炸; 引爆; 起爆: The bomb failed to detonate. 炸弹没爆炸. * an explosive charge detonated by remote control 遥控起爆的炸药. detonation / 9detE5neIFn; 9dZtE`neFEn/ n [C, U] explosion 爆炸; 起爆. detonator / 5detEneItE(r); `dZtE9netL/ n part of a bomb, etc that explodes first, setting off the full explosion 起爆管; 雷管; 信管. detour / 5di:tUE(r); ?@ dI5tUEr; dI`tUr/ n (esp US) route that avoids a blocked road, etc; deviation （绕开受阻道路等的）绕行路线, 迂回路线: We had to make a detour round the floods. 我们为避 开洪水得绕道而行. Cf 参看 diversion. detour v. [I, Tn] avoid (sth) by making a detour 绕道以避开（某物）; 绕过（某物）: We had to detour a road-block. 我们得绕过路障. detoxify / 9di:5tCksIfaI; di`tBksE9faI/ v (pt, pp -fied) [Tn] remove poison or harmful substances from (sb/sth) 清除（某人[某物]）的毒素或有害物质; 为（某人[某物]）解毒: detoxify the bloodstream 清 除血液中的毒素. detoxification / 9di:9tCksIfI5keIFn; di9tBksEfE`keFEn/ n [U] action of removing poison or harmful substances, eg addictive drugs 解毒; （对如毒品等有害物质的）清除: [attrib 作定语] a detoxification centre, ie where drug addicts or alcoholics are treated 戒毒（或戒酒）中心. detract / dI5trAkt; dI`trAkt/ v [Ipr] ~ from sth make sth seem less valuable or important 减损某事物 的价值或重要性; 贬低: detract from the merit, value, worth, excellence, etc of sth 有损于某事物的 好处、重要性、价值、优点等* criticism that detracts from her achievements 贬低她成就的批 评* This unpleasant incident detracted from our enjoyment of the evening. 这件不愉快的事情使我 们当晚兴致大减. detraction / dI5trAkFn; dI`trAkFEn/ n [U] unfair criticism of sb/sth; belittling 不恰当的批评; 贬低; 贬抑. detractor n. person who criticizes sb/sth unfairly 诋毁者; 贬低者: The scheme is better than its detractors suggest. 这计划比贬低它的人所说的要好. detrain / 9di:5treIn; di`tren/ v [I, Tn] (fml 文) leave or cause (sb) to leave a railway train 下火车; 使 （某人）下火车: The troops detrained near the battle zone. 部队在战区附近下了火车. detribalize, detribalise / 9di:5traIbElaIz; di`traIbE9laIz/ v [Tn] cause (sb) to abandon tribal customs; end tribal organization in (a society) 使（某人）摒弃部落习俗; 解散（某社会）中的部落组织: detribalized Indians in South America 解散南美洲印第安人的部落. detribalization, detribalisation / 9di:9traIbElaI5zeIFn; ?@-lI5z-; di9traIbElI`zeFEn/ [U]. detriment / 5detrImEnt; `dZtrEmEnt/ n (idm 习语) to the detriment of sb/sth; without detriment to sb/sth harming/not harming sb/sth 对某人[某事物]有害 [无害]; 有损于[无损于]某人[某事物]: He works long hours, to the detriment of his health. 他长时间地工作, 有损健康. * This tax cannot be introduced without detriment to the economy. 这一税制一旦施行, 必然会危害国民经济. detrimental / 9detrI5mentl; 9dZtrE`mZntl/ adj ~ (to sb/sth) harmful 有害的; 不利的: The measures had a detrimental effect. 这些措施已产生不良影响. * activities detrimental to our interests 损及我 们利益的活动. detrimentally / -tElI; -tlI/ adv: detrimentally affected 受到不良影响. detritus / dI5traItEs; dI`traItEs/ n [U] matter such as sand, silt or gravel produced by the wearing away of rocks, etc （岩石等风化而形成的）泥沙, 碎石, 岩屑; 风化物. deuce / dju:s; ?@ du:s; dus/ n 1 two on playing-cards or dice (shown as pips and/or numbers) （纸牌 或色子上的）两点（以点和[或]数字表示）. 2 (in tennis) score of 40-all, after which either side must gain two successive points to win the game （网球赛中）40 平（其后一方须连胜两球方为胜）. deuce / dju:s; ?@ du:s; dus/ n (dated infml euph 旧, 口, 婉) 1 the deuce [sing] (used as an expression of annoyance 用以表示烦恼、厌恶等): The deuce! I've lost my keys! 真倒霉, 钥匙丢 了! * Who/What/Where the deuce is that? 到底是哪个家伙[是什麽鬼名堂/在什麽鬼地方]? * What the deuce is going on? 讨厌, 到底是怎麽回事? 2 (idm 习语) the deuce of a sth a very bad case of sth 非常糟糕; 十分严重: I've got the deuce of a headache. 我头痛极了. deuced / dju:st, 5dju:sId; ?@ du:st; dust/ adj (used as an expression of annoyance 用以表示烦恼、厌 恶等): Where's that deuced boy? 那坏小子上哪儿去了? adv very 很; 非常: What deuced bad luck! 倒霉死了! deucedly / 5dju:sIdlI; ?@ 5du:-; `dusIdlI/ adv very 很; 非常. Deutschmark / 5dRItFmB:k; `dRItF9mBrk/ n (abbr 缩写DM) unit of money in the Federal Republic of Germany 马克（德国货币单位）. devalue / 9di:5vAlju:; di`vAlju/ v [Tn] (a) reduce the value of (a currency) in relation to other currencies or gold 使（某种货币）贬值: devalue the dollar, pound, mark, etc 使美元、英镑、马 克等贬值. (b) reduce the value or worth of (sth) 降低（某事物）的价值; 贬低（某事物）的重要性: criticism that devalues our work 贬低我们工作成绩的批评. devaluation / 9di:vAljU5eIFn; 9divAljJ`eFEn/ n [C, U] (instance of) reducing a currency to a lower fixed value 货币贬值: There's been a further devaluation of the dollar. 美元继续贬值. devastate / 5devEsteIt; `dZvEs9tet/ v [Tn] (a) completely destroy (sth); ruin 彻底毁坏（某事物）; 毁 灭; 摧毁: a house devastated by a bomb 被炸弹炸毁的房子* War devastated the country. 战争摧 毁了这个国家. (b) (infml 口) shock (sb); overwhelm 令（某人）震惊; 使（某人）难以承受: She was devastated by his death. 她因他去世而悲痛欲绝. * I was devastated by the news of the crash. 我获 悉失事的消息感到十分震惊. devastating / 5devEsteItIN; `dZvEs9tetIN/ adj 1 very destructive 破坏力极强的; 毁灭性的: a devastating war, famine, storm, etc 毁灭性的战争、饥荒、风暴等. 2 causing severe shock 令人 十分震惊的; 具有强大冲击力的: devastating criticism, news 猛烈的抨击、惊人的消息. 3 (fig infml 比喻, 口) striking; impressive 突出的; 醒目的; 令人钦佩的: devastating wit 非凡的机智 * She looked devastating, ie very beautiful. 她貌美绝伦. devastatingly adv. devastation / 9devE5steIFn; 9dZvEs`teFEn/ n [U] devastating or being devastated 毁灭: complete, utter devastation 完全的、彻底的毁灭. develop / dI5velEp; dI`vZlEp/ v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sb/sth) (from sth) (into sth) (cause sb/sth to) grow gradually; become or make more mature, advanced or organized （使某人[某事物]）发展, 发 育, 成长, 发达: The child is developing well. 这孩子发育良好. * The plot for the novel gradually developed in my mind. 我逐步构想出小说的情节. * The argument developed into a bitter quarrel. 这场辩论逐渐变成了激烈的争吵. * We've developed the project from an original idea by Stephen. 我们根据斯蒂芬的设想制定了这个计划. * The place has developed from a fishing port into a thriving tourist centre. 这地方由原来的渔港发展成一个繁荣的旅游胜地. 2 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become noticeable, visible or active （使某事物）出现, 明显化, 显露, 变得活跃: Symptoms of malaria developed, ie appeared. 疟疾的症状出现了. * The car has developed signs of rust, ie is becoming rusty. 这辆汽车出现了锈迹. 3 (photography 摄) (a) [Tn] treat (an exposed film) with chemicals so that the picture can be seen 冲洗（已曝光的底片）; 使（已曝光的底片）显影: take a film to be developed 将胶卷送去冲洗. (b) [I] (of the image on an exposed film or plate) become visible （指底片上的图像）显影. 4 [Tn] use (land) for the building of houses, etc and so increase its value 在（土地）上建筑房屋等; 开发（土地）: The site is being developed by a London property company. 这块地正在由伦敦的一家地产公司开发利用. developed adj. 1 advanced; mature 先进的; 发达的; 成熟的: a highly developed system of agriculture 十分发达的农业体系* She is well developed for her age. 她比她的实际年龄看来早熟. 2 (economics 经) (of a country, an area, etc) with a highly organized economy （指国家、地区等） 经济发达的: one of the less developed countries 发达程度较低的国家之一. developer n. 1 (photography 摄) substance used to develop films 显影剂. 2 person or company that develops land 土地开发者; 土地开发公司. developing adj. trying to become economically advanced 经济发展中的: a developing country 发 展中的国家* the developing world 发展中的世界. development / dI5velEpmEnt; dI`vZlEpmEnt/ n 1 [U] developing or being developed (develop 1, 2, 3, 4) 发展; 发达; 发育; 成长; 出现; 显影; 开发: the healthy development of children 儿童的健 康成长* encourage the development of small businesses 鼓励小公司的发展* land that is ready for development, ie ready to be built on 可以开发的土地（可在上面营建）. 2 [C] (a) new stage or event 新的阶段; 新事态: the latest development in the continuing crisis 这段持续危机的最新情况 * We must await further developments. 我们必须等待事态的进一步发展. (b) new product or invention 新产品; 新发明: Our electrically-powered car is an exciting new development. 我们的电 动汽车是一项令人鼓舞的新发明. 3 [C] piece of land with new buildings on it 新近建造了房屋的 一块土地; 新开发地: a commercial development on the outskirts of the town 在城郊的新商业区. development area ( Brit) poor area where new industries are encouraged in order to create jobs 待开 发区（鼓励发展新工业以提供就业机会的贫穷地区）. deviant / 5di:vIEnt; `divIEnt/ n, adj (often derog 常作贬义) (person who is) different in moral or social standards from what is considered normal 偏离正常的道德或社会标准的（人）; 离经叛道的 （人）: a sexual deviant who assaults children 蹂躏儿童的性变态者* deviant behaviour 不轨的行 为. deviance / -vIEns; -vIEns/, deviancy ns [U] deviant tendencies or behaviour 反常的倾向或行为. deviate / 5di:vIeIt; `divI9et/ v [Ipr] ~ from sth stop following (a course, standard, etc) 偏离（路线、标 准等）; 背离: The plane deviated from its usual route. 飞机偏离了正常的航线. * I will never deviate from what I believe to be right. 我绝不背离我自信正确的道路. * deviate from one's plan, the norm, the accepted procedure, etc 偏离自己的计划、标准、一般的程序等. deviation / 9di:vI5eIFn; 9divI`eFEn/ n ~ (from sth) 1 (a) [U] not following the normal or expected course, plan, etc; deviating 偏离正常的或原定的路线、计划等; 偏向; 偏差: There was little deviation from his usual routine. 他没有什麽反常的举动. * sexual deviation 性变态行为. (b) [C] instance of this 偏差; 逸出常轨: a deviation from the rules 违背规则. 2 [U] (politics 政) moving away from the beliefs held by the group to which one belongs 背离自己所属集团的信条; 背盟: Party ideologists accused her of deviation. 党内理论家谴责她背离了党的信条. 3 [C] difference between a numerical value and a norm or average 偏差; 离差: a compass deviation of 5, ie from true north 罗盘自差5 度（相对于正北而言）. deviationism / -FEnIzEm; -FEnIzm/ n [U] practice of political deviation 政治上的离经叛道. deviationist /-FEnIst; -FEnIst/ n. device / dI5vaIs; dI`vaIs/ n 1 thing made or adapted for a special purpose （为某种用途而制作或改 装的）装置, 器具: a device for measuring pressure 测压装置* a labour-saving device 节省劳力的 装置* an explosive device 爆破装置* a nuclear device, eg a nuclear bomb or missile 核子装置 （如核弹或核导弹）. =>Usage at machine 用法见machine. 2 (literature 文学) metaphor, combination of words, etc used by a writer to produce an effect on the reader （作者用以感染读者 的）手法, 技巧（如隐喻、词语搭配等）: a stylistic device 文体表现手法. 3 scheme; trick 策 略; 计策; 诡计; 计谋: Her illness is merely a device to avoid seeing him. 她所谓生病只不过是避 免见他的花招而已. 4 symbol or figure used as a sign by a noble family, eg on a crest or shield （贵 族用作家族标志的）图案（如用于饰章或盾形徽的）: a heraldic device 纹章图案. 5 (idm 习语) leave sb to his own devices => leave1. devil / 5devl; `dZvl/ n 1 (a) the Devil supreme evil being; Satan 魔鬼; 撒旦: The Devil tempted Adam and Eve. 魔鬼诱惑了亚当和夏娃. (b) wicked spirit 魔鬼; 鬼怪: He believes in devils and witches. 他相信魔鬼、巫婆这类事. 2 (infml 口) (a) wicked or mischievous person 恶人; 坏蛋; 调皮鬼; 淘气鬼: My niece is a little devil. 我的侄女是个调皮鬼. * He's a devil with (ie flirts with) the ladies. 他是个玩弄女性的家伙. (b) (used for emphasis 用以加强语气) person 人; 家伙: The poor/lucky devil! 多可怜[幸运]的家伙! * Which silly devil left the fire on all day? 是哪个笨蛋没将 炉火熄掉, 烧了这一整天? 3 (idm 习语) be a `devil (infml joc 口, 谑) used to encourage sb to do sth he is hesitating to do 用以在某人迟疑时鼓励他去做某事: Go on, be a devil tell me what they said. 来, 怕什麽--尽管告诉我他们说了些什麽. better the devil you know => better2. between the ,devil and the ,deep (blue) `sea in a situation where there are two equally unacceptable alternatives 进退维谷; 左右为难. the devil (used for emphasis in questions 在疑问句中用以加强语气): What/Who/Why/Where the devil is that? 到底是什麽鬼名堂[是哪个家伙/是为什麽/是在什麽鬼地 方]? the (very) `devil (sth) difficult or unpleasant 困难的或令人不愉快的（事物）: This job is the very devil. 这工作十分棘手. * These pans are the (very) devil to clean. 这些锅太难洗乾净了. the `devil you will/won't, she can/can't, etc (infml 口) (used to emphasize a statement of refusal, an expression of surprise, etc 用作强调表示拒绝、惊讶等的语句): `I'm going to a party. ' `The devil you are!', ie I forbid it. ｀我要去参加一个聚会.＇｀你敢!＇（我不准）. the ,devil looks ,after his `own (saying 谚) success comes to those who deserve it least 魔鬼保佑恶人（最不配成功者却能获得成 功）; 小人行大运. the devil makes work for idle hands (saying 谚) when people do not have enough work to do, they get into or make trouble 闲则生非. a devil of a sth/sb (dated infml 旧, 口) (used for emphasis 用以加强语气) very remarkable, difficult, awkward, etc thing or person 非常突出、麻烦、 糟糕等的事或人: a devil of a pretty woman 漂亮得不得了的女人. devil's `advocate person who speaks against sb or sth simply to encourage discussion 故意提出异议以激发辩论的人; 故意唱反 调的人: I don't really believe in capital punishment, I'm just playing the devil's advocate. 我并非真正 主张应该有死刑, 只是故意唱唱反调罢了. the devil's own luck very good luck 极佳的运气; 鸿运. the devil take the `hindmost everybody should look after himself and not care about others 魔鬼专抓 落后的（人人应自保, 不可顾他人）; 要鬼捉不到, 抢在人前逃: In this business you have to be tough, and the devil take the hindmost. 干这一行必须心狠, 谁顾别人谁吃亏. give the devil his `due be just, even to those who do not deserve it 不管人好人坏, 都要公平对待; 平心而论. go to the `devil! (dated 旧) damn you! 去你的! 见鬼去吧! have a/the devil of a job doing sth (infml 口) find sth very difficult 觉得某事十分困难: I'm having a devil of a job fixing my car. 我修我这辆汽车可 费劲了. like the `devil (infml 口) very hard, intensively, etc 很卖力地、强烈地等; 拚命地: run, work like the devil 拚命跑、干. needs must when the devil drives => needs (need). play the devil with sth (infml 口) harm or make sth worse 伤害; 使某事物恶化: Cold weather plays the devil with my rheumatism. 天一冷, 我的风湿病就犯了. speak/talk of the `devil (saying infml 谚, 口) (said when sb one has been talking about appears 用于说到某人, 某人就到的场合). there'll be the `devil to pay (infml 口) there will be trouble as the result of sth 那就麻烦了; 那就糟糕了; 那就要倒霉了: There'll be the devil to pay if you scratch my car! 你要是划坏了我的汽车你就有麻烦了! the world, the flesh and the devil => world. devil-may-care adj. [esp attrib 尤作定语] reckless 肆无忌惮的; 不顾一切的. devil / 5devl; `dZvl/ v (-ll-; US -l-) 1 [Tn] grill (sth) with mustard, curry, etc 加芥末、咖喱等烧烤 （某物）: devilled kidneys/ham/turkey 加辛辣调味品的烤腰子[火腿/火鸡]. 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (for sb) (Brit) work as an assistant to (a barrister) 给（律师）做助手. devilish / 5devElIF; `dZvElIF/ adj wicked; cruel 邪恶的; 恶毒的; 残忍的: a devilish plan 毒计 * devilish cunning 奸诈. devilish adv (dated infml 旧, 口) very 很; 非常: devilish hot 热得要命. devilishly adv: devilishly cruel, cunning, etc 穷凶极恶、极为狡诈. devilishness n. [U]. devilment / 5devlmEnt; `dZvlmEnt/ (also devilry/ 5devlrI; `dZvlrI/) n 1 [U] high spirits; mischief 高 昂的情绪; 恶作剧; 玩笑: She played a trick on him out of sheer devilment. 她捉弄他完全是为了 寻开心. 2 [C] mischievous act 恶作剧; 开玩笑: She's up to some devilry or other. 她正要搞个恶 作剧什麽的. devious / 5di:vIEs; `divIEs/ adj 1 cunning; dishonest 刁滑的; 不诚实的: a devious lawyer, scheme, trick 刁滑的律师、阴谋、诡计* get rich by devious means 以不正当的手段致富. 2 (of a route, path, etc) winding; not straight （指道路等）弯曲的, 蜿蜒的, 不直的: The coach followed a rather devious course to its destination. 长途汽车要绕很多弯路才到达目的地. deviously adv. deviousness n. [U]. devise / dI5vaIz; dI`vaIz/ v [Tn] think out (a plan, system, tool, etc); invent 想出, 设计（计划、制 度、工具等）; 发明: devise a scheme for redeveloping the city centre 制定市中心重建计划 * devise a new type of transistor 发明一种新晶体管. devitalize, devitalise / 9di:5vaItElaIz; di`vaItl9aIz/ v [Tn] take strength and vigour away from (sb/sth) 使（某人[某事物]）失去活力; 消耗（某人[某事物]）的力量: a nation devitalized by a sustained war effort 因持续的战事而大伤元气的国家. devitalization, devitalisation / 9di:9vaItE-laI5zeIFn; ?@ -lI5z-; di9vaItlI`zeFEn/ n [U]. devoid / dI5vRId; dI`vRId/ adj [pred 作表语] ~ of sth without sth; completely lacking in sth 没有或 毫无某事物: a criminal utterly devoid of conscience 天良丧尽的罪犯. devolution / 9di:vE5lu:Fn; ?@ 9dev-; 9dZvE`luFEn/ n [U] transfer of power or authority, esp from central government to regional authorities （尤指中央政府向地方政府）移交权力, 下放权力, 分 权. devolve / dI5vClv; dI`vBlv/ v (fml 文) 1 [Ipr] ~ on/upon sb (of work, duties) be transferred or passed to sb （指工作、职务）移交给某人: When the President is ill, his duties devolve upon the Vice-President. 总统生病时, 其职务交由副总统代理. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to/upon sb) transfer (work, duties, etc) to sb 将（工作、职务等）转交给某人: More power is to be devolved to regional government. 要将更多的权力交给地方政府. devote / dI5vEUt; dI`vot/ v [Tn.pr] ~ oneself/sth to sb/sth give (one's time, energy, etc) to sb/sth; dedicate 为某人[某事物]付出（时间、精力等）; 向某人[某事物]奉献（时间、精力等）; 献身 于某事物: devote oneself to a noble cause 献身于一项崇高的事业* devote all one's efforts to one's task 全力以赴地工作. devoted adj. ~ (to sb/sth) very loving or loyal 热爱的; 非常忠实的; 全心全意的: a devoted son, friend, supporter, etc 孝子、忠实的朋友、不遗余力的支持者* She is devoted to her children. 她 深爱她的孩子. devotedly adv. devotee / 9devE5ti:; 9dZvE`ti/ n (a) person who is devoted to sth; enthusiast 致力于、献身于某事物 的人; 热心者; 某事物的迷恋者: a devotee of sport, music, crime fiction, etc 热衷于体育运动、音 乐、侦探小说等的人. (b) zealous supporter (of a sect, etc) （某一宗派等的）热情拥护者. devotion / dI5vEUFn; dI`voFEn/ n 1 [U] ~ (to sb/sth) (a) deep strong love 深爱; 挚爱: a mother's devotion to her children 母亲对子女深深的疼爱. (b) giving of oneself (to a person, cause, etc); loyalty 献身; 忠心: devotion to duty 忠于职守* a teacher's devotion to her task 教师全心全意投 入其工作的态度 * our devotion to our leader 我们对领袖的忠诚. 2 (a) [U] religious zeal; devoutness 宗教热情; 虔诚: a life of great devotion 信仰诚笃的一生. (b) [C] prayer or religious practice 祈祷; 灵修; 宗教仪式: a traditional devotion like the Way of the Cross 有如天主教｀拜苦 路＇的传统宗教仪式* a priest at his devotions, ie praying 正在祈祷的教士. devotional / -FEnl; -FEnl/ adj of or used in religious worship 崇拜的; 灵修的; 祈祷的: devotional literature 灵修书刊. devour / dI5vaUE(r); dI`vaJr/ v 1 [Tn] (a) eat (sth) hungrily or greedily 贪婪地吃（某物）; 吞食（某 物）: devour the food ravenously 狼吞虎咽地吃东西. (b) (fig 比喻) look at (sb/sth) avidly 贪婪地、 全神贯注地看（某人[某事物]）: She devoured the new detective story. 她如饥似渴地读那本新侦 探小说. * He devoured her with his eyes, ie looked at her lustfully. 他用色迷迷的目光盯著她. (c) (fig 比喻) destroy (sth) 毁灭, 吞噬（某事物）: Fire devoured a huge area of forest. 大火吞噬了大 片森林. 2 (idm 习语) be devoured by sth be filled with (curiosity, anxiety, etc) 心中充满了（好奇、 忧虑等）. devout / dI5vaUt; dI`vaJt/ adj 1 sincerely religious; pious 虔信宗教的; 虔诚的: a devout Muslim, prayer 虔诚的回教徒、祈祷. 2 sincere; deeply felt 诚挚的; 真诚的; 衷心的; 发自内心的: a devout hope, wish, etc 衷心的希望、祝愿等. devoutly adv: It is devoutly to be wished, ie something I hope very much will happen. 这是我衷心希望的. devoutness n. [U]. dew / dju:; ?@ du:; du/ n [U] tiny drops of moisture condensed on cool surfaces from water vapour in the air, esp at night 露水: The grass was wet with dew. 草被露水沾湿了. dewy adj. wet with dew 为露水所湿的; 带露水的. dewy-eyed adj. nave and trusting 单纯天真、易轻信人的: You can't be too dewy-eyed if you want to succeed. 要成功就不能太天真. dewdrop n. drop of dew 露珠. dewlap / 5dju:lAp; ?@ 5du:-; `du9lAp/ n fold of loose skin hanging down from the throat of an animal such as a cow or an ox （牛等）自喉部垂下的松皮; 喉垂. dexterity / dek5sterEtI; dZk`stZrEtI/ n [U] skill, esp in using one's hands 技巧, 灵巧（尤指用手的）; 灵活的手法: A juggler needs great dexterity. 玩杂耍的人要有非常灵巧的手. * (fig 比喻) The negotiations will call for considerable dexterity. 进行这些谈判需要相当圆滑的手腕. 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