TransGood-Translation memory software Trados, SDL, ForeignDesk, Wordfast, WordFisher, Déjà Vu (DVX), 译佳计算机辅助翻译软件, 雅信CAT TransGood, TransMemory, Translation Software Tools, Computer-assisted translation, computer-aided translation, CAT, machine-aided translation, Translation memory software, Terminology management software, Alignment software, Software localization tools, ?bersetzung Software, Logiciels de traduction, Software di traduzione, Traducción de Software, Mémoire de traduction, Tradu??o memória, Memoria de traducción, Memoria di traduzione, Перевод Software, ForeignDesk, Okapi Framework, OmegaT, Transolution, AidTransStudio, Cafetran, Déjà Vu (DVX), Heartsome Translation Suite, MemoQ, MetaTexis, Rainbow, SDLX, SDL, STAR Transit, Trados, SDL Trados, Wordfast, WordFisher, Similis, Open Language Tools, 翻訳ソフトウェア, 翻訳メモリ, 翻译软件 辅助翻译软件 计算机辅助翻译软件 人工智能翻译 翻译工具 专业翻译软件 翻译记忆软件 塔多思 Trados SDL WordFast 雅信CAT 翻译公司 牛津词典 Oxford Dictionary epicentre (US epicenter) / 5epIsentE(r); `ZpI9sZntL/ n (a) point at which an earthquake reaches the earth's surface 震中; 震央. (b) (fig 比喻) central point of a difficult situation 困难所在: the epicentre of the riot 暴乱的中心. epicure / 5epIkjUE(r); `ZpI9kjJr/ n person who takes a special interest in and gets great pleasure from food and drink 美食家: This cookery book has been written by a real epicure. 这本食谱是由一位真 正的美食家写的. epicurean / 9epIkjU5ri:En; 9ZpIkjJ`riEn/ n, adj (person who is) fond of pleasure and luxury 爱享乐的; 享乐主义者: In his youth he was an extravagant epicurean. 他年轻时是个花花公子. * an epicurean feast 丰盛的宴席. epidemic / 9epI5demIk; 9ZpE`dZmIk/ n, adj (disease) spreading quickly among many people in the same place for a time 流行性的; 流行病: an influenza epidemic 流行性感冒 * (fig 比喻) an epidemic of crime in our major cities 在我们的大城市中罪案频仍* Football hooliganism is now reaching epidemic proportions. 足球比赛中恣意闹事现已达愈演愈烈的地步. Cf 参看 endemic, pandemic. epidermis / 9epI5d\:mIs; 9ZpE`d[mIs/ n [U, C] (anatomy 解) outer layer of the skin 表皮: a damaged epidermis 受损伤的表皮. epidural / 9epI5djUErEl; 9ZpE`djJrEl/ adj (medical 医) (of an anaesthetic) injected round the nerves in the spine and having the effect of anaesthetizing the lower part of the body （指麻醉剂）硬膜外的. epidural n. epidural injection 硬膜外注射: Epidurals are now often used during childbirth. 现在分 娩时常用硬膜外注射. epiglottis / 9epI5glCtIs; 9ZpE`-lBtIs/ n (anatomy 解) thin flap of tissue at the back of the tongue that covers the windpipe during swallowing to prevent food or drink from entering the lungs 会厌. epiglottal / -5glCtl;-`-lBtl/ adj. epigram / 5epIgrAm; `ZpE9-rAm/ n short poem or saying expressing an idea in a clever and amusing way 诙谐短诗; 警句: The playwright Oscar Wilde was noted for his epigrams. 剧作家奥斯卡·王尔 德以他的诙谐短诗著称. epigrammatic / 9epIgrE5mAtIk; 9ZpE-rE`mAtIk/ adj expressing things, or expressed, in a short and witty way 精警的: an epigrammatic style 善用警句的风格. epilepsy / 5epIlepsI; `ZpE9lZpsI/ n [U] disease of the nervous system that causes a person to fall unconscious (often with violent uncontrolled movements of the body) 癫痫症; 羊角风: various forms of epilepsy 各类的癫痫. epileptic / 9epI5leptIk; 9ZpE`lZptIk/ adj of epilepsy 癫痫的: an epileptic fit 癫痫发作. -- n person who suffers from epilepsy 癫痫症患者: She's been an epileptic from birth. 她是先天性癫痫患者. epilogue / 5epIlCg; `ZpE9lR-/ (US epilog / -lR:g; -lR-/) n (a) part or section added at the end of a book, play, film, programme, etc, as a comment on the main action （书、剧本、电影、节目等 的）结尾部分, 后记; 跋. (b) short speech or poem spoken by one of the characters at the end of a play （戏剧演出结束时由一个角色念的）收场白, 收场诗: Fortinbras speaks the epilogue in Shakespeare's `Hamlet'. 在莎士比亚的《哈姆雷特》中, 由福丁布拉斯念收场白. Cf 参看 prologue. Epiphany / I5pIfEnI; I`pIfEnI/ n Christian festival held on 6 January, in memory of the coming of the Magi to the baby Jesus at Bethlehem 显现节, 主显节（每年1 月6 日纪念耶稣显灵的节日）. episcopal / I5pIskEpl; I`pIskEpl/ adj (fml 文) of or governed by a bishop or bishops 主教的; 主教管 辖的: the Episcopal Church, ie (esp) the Anglican Church in the US and Scotland （尤指美国和苏格 兰的）圣公会. Cf 参看 Presbyterian. episcopalian / I9pIskE5peIlIEn; I9pIskE`pelIEn/ n, adj (member) of an episcopal church 圣公会的; 圣公会教徒: Are you a Roman Catholic or an Episcopalian? 你是罗马天主教徒还是圣公会教徒? episiotomy / E9pi:zI5CtEmI; E9pizI`BtEmI/ n (medical 医) cut made at the opening of the vagina during childbirth to aid the delivery of the baby 外阴切开术. episode / 5epIsEUd; `ZpE9sod/ n [C] 1 (description of an) event occurring as part of a long series of events as in a novel, one's life, etc （小说或人生等的）片段, 插曲: That's an episode in my life I'd rather forget! 那是我一生中但愿忘却的经历! * One of the funniest episodes in the book occurs in Chapter 6. 书中最有趣的部分是在第6 章. 2 part of a TV or radio serial broadcast at one time （电 视或无线电广播的）一集: the final episode 大结局* Listen to the next exciting episode tomorrow night. 请于明晚收听精采的下一集. episodic / 9epI5sCdIk; 9ZpE`sBdIk/ adj (a) occurring irregularly; sporadic 偶然发生的; 分散性的: episodic fits of depression 阵发性抑郁症. (b) (of a story, novel, etc) containing or consisting of a series of events （指故事、小说等）由一系列片段组成的: an episodic style 描述一系列片段故 事的写作风格. epistle / I5pIsl; I`pIsl/ n 1 (usu joc 通常作戏谑语) letter 书信: Her mother sends her a long epistle every week. 她母亲每周给她写一封长信. 2 Epistle (Bible 圣经) any of the letters included in the New Testament, written by the Apostles 《新约全书》中的使徒书信: the Epistle of St Paul to the Romans 《保罗达罗马人书》. epistolary / I5pIstElErI; ?@ -lerI; I`pIstE9lZrI/ adj (fml 文) of, carried on by, or written in the form of letters 书信的; 用书信进行的; 书信体的: an epistolary friendship 书来信往的友谊 * an epistolary novel 书信体小说. epitaph / 5epItB:f; ?@ -tAf; `ZpE9tAf/ n words written or said about a dead person, esp words inscribed on a tombstone 悼文; 祭文; 悼词; （尤指）墓志铭. epithet / 5epIWet; `ZpE9WZt/ n adjective or descriptive phrase that refers to the character or most important quality of sb/sth eg Alfred the Great, Attila the Hun （表示某人[某事物]性格或最主要特 性的）修饰词或描述性短语（如阿尔弗烈德大王, 匈奴王阿提拉）. epitome / I5pItEmI; I`pItEmI/ n 1 thing that shows on a small scale all the characteristics of sth much larger 梗概; 缩影: The divisions we see in this school are the epitome of those occurring throughout the whole country. 我们在这所学校中看到的各个部门是全国各校的缩影. 2 person or thing that is a perfect example of a quality, type, etc 典型的人或事物: the absolute epitome of a school teacher 中小学教师的典范* She's the epitome of kindness. 她是仁慈的化身. 3 (dated 旧) short summary of a book, speech, etc （书、演讲等的）摘要. epitomize, epitomise / I5pItEmaIz; I`pItE9maIz/ v [Tn] be an epitome of (sth) 成为（某事物）的缩影: He epitomizes everything I dislike. 我讨厌的一切都在他身上体现出来了. * She epitomizes the loving mother. 她是典型的慈母. EPNS / 9i: pi: en 5es; 9i pi Zn `Zs/ abbr 缩写= (on cutlery, tableware, etc) electroplated nickel silver （餐具等上的字样）电镀镍银. epoch / 5i:pCk; ?@ 5epEk; `ZpEk/ n (beginning of a) period of time in history, life, the history of the earth, etc, esp one marked by notable events or characteristics 纪元; 时代; 时期: Einstein's theory marked a new epoch in mathematics. 爱因斯坦理论开创了数学的新纪元. epoch-making adj. (fml or joc 文或谑) important and remarkable enough to change the course of history and begin a new epoch 开新纪元的; 划时代的: the epoch-making discovery of America 发 现美洲的划时代的创举* I told him his idea was not exactly epoch-making. 我告诉他说他的思想 算不上是划时代的. Epsom salts / 9epsEm 5sR:lts; `ZpsEm `sRlts/ magnesium sulphate, a bitter white powder used medically to empty the bowels 泻盐. equable / 5ekwEbl; `ZkwEbl/ adj 1 free from extremes of heat or cold; moderate 冷热适中的; 温和 的: an equable climate 温和的气候. 2 (of a person) not easily upset or annoyed; even-tempered （指人）不易恼怒的, 性情温和的: an equable temperament 温和的性情* It's lucky that his parents are so equable. 值得庆幸的是他双亲性情非常温和. equably / 5ekwEblI; `ZkwEblI/ adv. equal / 5i:kwEl; `ikwEl/ adj 1 the same in size, amount, value, number, degree, status, etc （大小、 数量、价值、程度、状况等）相同的, 相等的, 同样的: They are of equal height. 他们一般高. * Divide the cake into equal parts. 把蛋糕分成等份. * Equal amounts of flour and sugar should be added to the mixture. 应在混合物中加入等量的面粉和糖. * He speaks Arabic and English with equal ease. 他说阿拉伯语和英语都一样自如. * Women are demanding equal pay for equal work, ie equal to that of men. 妇女要求同工同酬（与男人一样）. * In intelligence, the children are about equal. 这些儿童在智力上大致相同. 2 [pred 作表语] ~ to sth/doing sth having the strength, courage, ability, etc for sth 对某事物有力量、勇气、能力等; 能胜任: She feels equal to the task. 她认为能胜任该项工作. * He's equal to (ie able to deal with) the occasion. 他能应付这一局面. * He doesn't seem equal to meeting our demands. 他似乎不太合乎我们的要求. 3 (idm 习语) on equal terms (with sb) (meeting or speaking) as equals, with no difference in status or rank 平等相处; 地位相等: Now that she has been promoted she is on equal terms with her ex-boss. 她既然已升级, 就和原先的上司平起平坐了. other things being equal => thing. equal n. person or thing equal to oneself in some way 和自己相当的人或事物: He's my equal in strength. 他和我力气一样大. * She's the equal of her brother as far as intelligence is concerned. 论 智力, 她和她哥哥不相上下. * We consider ourselves equals. 我们彼此不分上下. equal v. (-ll-) (US -l-) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (in sth) be equal to sb/sth 与某人[某事物]相同或相等: equalling the Olympic record 平奥运会纪录* He is equalled by no one in kindness. 没有人比他更 善良. equality / I5kwClEtI; I`kwBlEtI/ n [U] state of being equal 平等: Women are still struggling for true equality with men. 妇女仍在争取与男人真正平等. * equality of opportunity, ie having an equal chance of being considered for jobs, promotion, etc 机会均等（在求职、提升等方面有同等的机 会）. equalize, equalise / 5i:kwElaIz; `ikwEl9aIz/ v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become equal (in size, amount, etc) （使某事物）（在大小、数量等上）相等: Germany were winning the match until just before the end when the other team equalized, ie scored another goal to make the scores equal. 德国队眼看要赢得 这场比赛, 而恰在终场前对方把比分扳平. equalization, equalisation / 9i:kwElaI5zeIFn; ?@ -lI5z-; 9ikwElE`zeFEn/ n [U]. equally / 5i:kwElI; `ikwElI/ adv 1 in an equal manner or to an equal degree 相等地; 同等地: They are equally clever. 他们一样聪明. 2 in equal parts 均等: They share the housework equally between them. 他们平等分担家务. 3 also; similarly; in addition 也; 同样; 此外: We must try to think about what is best for him; equally we must consider what he wants to do. 我们要为他著想, 同 时也要想到他愿意干什麽. equanimity / 9ekwE5nImEtI; 9ZkwE`nImEtI/ n [U] calmness of mind or temper 心情平静; 情绪镇 定: She maintained her equanimity throughout her long ordeal. 她在长期的苦难中心情一直都很平 静. * Nothing disturbs his equanimity. 没有任何事能扰乱他平静的心绪. equate / I5kweIt; I`kwet/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to/with sth) consider sth as equal or equivalent (to sth else) 认为某事物（与另一事物）相等或相仿: You can't equate the education system of Britain to that of Germany. 不能把英国教育制度与德国教育制度等同起来. * He equates poverty with misery. 他 认为贫穷就是不幸. equation / I5kweIVn; I`kweVEn/ n 1 [C] (mathematics 数) statement that two expressions (connected by the sign =) are equal, eg 2x + 5 = 11 等式（如2x + 5 = 11）. 2 [U] action of making equal or regarding as equal 等同; 相等: The equation of wealth with happiness can be dangerous. 把 财富与幸福等同起来有时候很危险. quadratic equation / kwC9drAtIk I5kweIVn; kwBd`rAtIkI`kweVEn/ (algebra 代数) equation that uses the square (and no higher power) of an unknown quantity, egx2 + 2x 8 = 0 二次方程式（如x2 + 2x 8 = 0）. equator / I5kweItE(r); I`kwetL/ n imaginary line (or one drawn on a map, etc) around the earth at an equal distance from the North and South Poles 赤道: It is very hot near the equator. 赤道附近非常热. =>illus at globe 见globe 之插图. equatorial / 9ekwE5tR:rIEl; 9ZkwE`tRrIEl/ adj of or near the equator 赤道的; 赤道附近的: an equatorial climate 赤道的气候* equatorial jungles 赤道附近的丛林. equerry / I5kwerI, also5ekwErI; I`kwZrI, `ZkwErI/ n (in Britain) officer attending the king, the queen or a member of the royal family （英国的）王室侍从: He is equerry to the Prince of Wales. 他是威 尔士亲王的侍从. equestrian / I5kwestrIEn; I`kwZstrIEn/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of horse-riding 骑马的: equestrian skill 骑术* an equestrian statue, ie of a person on a horse 骑士塑像* equestrian events at the Olympic Games 奥林匹克运动会的骑术比赛. equestrian n. person who is skilled at horse-riding 骑师. equi- : comb form 构词成分 equal; equally 同等的; 同等地: equipoise * equidistant. equidistant / 9i:kwI5dIstEnt; 9ikwE`dIstEnt/ adj [pred 作表语] ~ (from sth) (fml 文) at an equal distance (from two or more places, etc) 等距离: Our house is equidistant from the two pubs in the village. 我们的房子离村中两家酒馆距离相等. equilateral / 9i:kwI5lAtErEl; 9ikwE`lAtErEl/ adj (geometry 几) having all sides equal 等边的: an equilateral triangle 等边三角形. equilibrium / 9i:kwI5lIbrIEm, also9ek-; 9ikwE`lIbrIEm, Zk-/ n [U] 1 state of being balanced 平衡; 均势: This pair of scales is not in equilibrium. 这个天平不平衡. * He can't maintain enough equilibrium to ride a bike. 他骑自行车不能保持平衡. 2 (fig 比喻) balanced state of mind, feelings, etc （心情、感情等）平静: She lost her usual equilibrium and shouted at him angrily. 她一反常态, 向他愤怒地叫喊. equine / 5ekwaIn; `ZkwaIn/ adj of or like a horse or horses 马的; 似马的: the equine species 马类 * (fig 比喻) He has a long equine face. 他的脸像马脸那麽长. equinox / 5i:kwInCks, also5ek-; `ikwE9nBks, Zk-/ n either of the two times in the year (around 21 March and 22 September) when the sun crosses the equator and day and night are of equal length 春 分; 秋分: spring/vernal equinox 春分* autumnal equinox 秋分. Cf 参看 solstice. equinoctial / 9i:kwI5nCkFl, also9ek-; 9ikwE`nBkFEl, Zk-/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of, at or near the equinox 春分或秋分时的; 在春分或秋分前后的: equinoctial gales/tides 春分或秋分时的暴风 雨[潮汐]. equip / I5kwIp; I`kwIp/ v (-pp-) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (with sth) supply sb/sth (with what is needed, for a particular purpose) 配备; 装备: They equipped themselves for the expedition. 他们为远征治装. * Please equip yourself with a sharp pencil and a rubber for the exam. 请准备一枝尖的铅笔和一块橡 皮参加考试. * The soldiers were well equipped with weapons and ammunition. 士兵们装备好了武 器和弹药. * A good education should equip you for life. 有良好的教育能受用终生. equipment n. [U] 1 things needed for a particular purpose 设备; 装备: office equipment, eg typewriters, photocopiers, stationery, etc 办公室的设备（如打字机、影印机、文具等） * sports equipment 运动器材 * a factory with modern equipment 有现代化设备的工厂. 2 action of equipping 装备; 配备: The equipment of the photographic studio was expensive. 装备摄影室的开 支很大. equipoise / 5ekwIpRIz; `ZkwE9pRIz/ n (fml 文) 1 [U] balanced state, esp of the mind; equilibrium 平衡状态; （尤指）心态平衡; 心情平静. 2 [C] thing that counterbalances 平衡物. equitable / 5ekwItEbl; `ZkwItEbl/ adj (fml 文) fair and just; reasonable 公正的; 合理的: the most equitable solution to the dispute 对该纠纷最公正的解决* Each person must have an equitable share. 每人应得合理的一份. equitably / -blI; -blI/ adv. equity / 5ekwEtI; `ZkwEtI/ n 1 [U] fairness; right judgement 公平; 公正的裁判: The equity of the referee's decision was accepted by everyone. 大家都同意裁判员的公正裁判. 2 [U] (law 律 esp Brit) principles of justice used to correct laws when these would seem unfair in special circumstances 衡平法. 3 equities [pl] ordinary stocks and shares that carry no fixed interest （利息不定的）普通 股. equivalent / I5kwIvElEnt; I`kwIvElEnt/ adj ~ (to sth) equal in value, amount, meaning, importance, etc （价值、数量、意义、重要性等）相同的: What is 5 equivalent to in French francs? 5 英镑 相当于多少法国法郎? * 250 grams or an equivalent amount in ounces250 克或与之相当的盎司. equivalence / -lEns; -lEns/ n 1 [U] state or quality of being equivalent 均等; 等量. 2 [C] thing that is equivalent 相等物. equivalent n. thing, amount or word that is equivalent 相等的事物或数量; 对应词: the metric equivalent of two miles 两英里的公制等距* Is there a French word that is the exact equivalent of the English word `home'? 法语中有没有和英语home 完全一样的对应词? equivocal / I5kwIvEkl; I`kwIvEkl/ adj 1 having a double or doubtful meaning; ambiguous 模棱两 可的; 意义不明的: The politician gave an equivocal answer. 那政客的答覆模棱两可. 2 (of behaviour, circumstances, etc) questionable; suspicious （指行为、情况等）不可靠的, 可疑的. equivocate / I5kwIvEkeIt; I`kwIvE9ket/ v [I] speak in an ambiguous way to hide the truth or mislead people 说模棱两可的话; 支吾; 蒙混: Don't equivocate with me I want a straight answer to a straight question! 别跟我绕弯子--我问的问题直截了当, 回答也要直截了当! equivocation / I9kwIvE5keIFn; I9kwIvE`keFEn/ n 1 [U] use of equivocal statements to mislead people 用模棱两可的话迷惑人; 含糊其词. 2 [C] equivocal expression 暧昧语. ER abbr. 缩写= (eg on post-boxes) Queen Elizabeth (Latin Elizabetha Regina) （如邮政信箱上的 字样）伊丽莎白女王（源自拉丁文Elizabetha Regina）. Cf 参看 GR. -er suff 后缀1 (with vs forming ns 接在动词后构成名词) person or thing that does 施动的人或事物: lover * computer. Cf 参看-ee, -or. 2 (with ns forming ns 接在名词后构成名词) (a) person concerned with 与...有关的人: astronomer * philosopher. (b) person belonging to 属于...的人: New Yorker * villager * sixth-former. (c) thing that has 有...的东西: three-wheeler * double-decker. era / 5IErE; `IrE/ n [C] 1 period in history starting from a particular time or event 纪元; 年代; 时 代: the Elizabethan era 伊丽莎白时代. 2 period in history marked by an important event or development （以重大事件或重要发展为标志的）历史时期, 时代: the era of the miniskirt 超短裙 时代* We are living in the computer era. 我们正生活在计算机时代. eradicate / I5rAdIkeIt; I`rAdI9ket/ v [Tn] destroy (sth) completely; put an end to (sth) 根除, 消灭（某 事物）; 结束（某事物）: Smallpox has almost been eradicated. 天花几乎已消灭. * attempts to eradicate crime 力图根除罪恶的行动. eradication / I9rAdI5keIFn; I9rAdI`keFEn/ n [U]. eradicator / I5rAdIkeItE(r); I`rAdI9ketL/ n [C, U]person or thing that eradicates, esp a chemical substance that removes ink marks 根除者; 消除物（尤指去墨水迹的化学物质）: a bottle of ink eradicator 一瓶消字灵. erase / I5reIz; ?@ I5reIs; I`res/ v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) rub or scrape sth out; remove all traces of sth 擦掉或刮掉某物; 消除某事物的痕迹: erase pencil marks 擦去铅笔的笔迹 * (fig 比 喻) She couldn't erase the incident from her memory. 她难以忘却那次事故. 2 [Tn] remove a recording from (magnetic tape) 从（磁带）上抹去录音或录像. eraser / I5reIzE(r); ?@ -sEr; I`resL/ n (US; Brit fml 文) (Brit also rubber) thing that erases, esp a piece of rubber, etc for removing pencil marks 清除用具（尤指擦去铅笔笔迹的橡皮等）. eraser head device on a cassette or video player for erasing material recorded on magnetic tape （录音机或录像机 上的）消磁器. erasure / I5reIVE(r); I`reVL/ n (fml 文) 1 [U] action of erasing 擦掉; 刮掉; 消除. 2 [C] (a) word, etc that has been erased 删掉的词等. (b) place or mark where sth has been erased 涂擦的痕迹: erasures in a letter 信中的涂擦痕迹. ere / eE(r); Zr/ conj, prep (arch or rhet 古或修辞) before 在...以前: ere break of day 破晓前 * ere long, ie soon 不久. erect / I5rekt; I`rZkt/ adj 1 standing on end; upright; vertical 直立的; 竖直的; 垂直的: stand erect 笔直地站著* hold a banner erect 将旗子举直. 2 (of a part of the body, esp the penis) swollen and stiff from sexual excitement （指身体的某部, 尤指阴茎）因性刺激而勃起的. erectness n. [U]. erect / I5rekt; I`rZkt/ v [Tn] (fml 文) 1 build; set up; establish 建造; 设立; 创立: erect a monument 竖立纪念碑* A statue was erected to (ie to honour the memory of) Queen Victoria. 为纪 念维多利亚女王建起了一座雕像. 2 set upright; put up 竖起; 搭起: erect a tent, a flagstaff 搭起 帐篷、竖起旗杆. erection / I5rekFn; I`rZkFEn/ n 1 [U] (fml 文) action of erecting; state of being erected 建造; 设立; 创立: The erection of the building took several months. 建造这座建筑物花了好几个月的时间. 2 [C] (fml sometimes derog 文, 有时作贬义) thing that has been erected; building or structure 竖立物; 建筑物: She calls the new opera house `that hideous erection'. 她把新歌剧院称作｀那讨厌的庞然 大物＇. 3 [C] hardening and swelling (esp of the penis) in sexual excitement （性兴奋时, 尤指阴 茎之）勃起: get/have an erection 产生勃起. erectile / I5rektaIl; ?@ -tl; I`rZktl/ adj (anatomy 解) (of parts of the body, esp the penis) that can become swollen and stiff from sexual excitement （指身体的某部, 尤指阴茎）能勃起的: erectile tissue 勃起组织. erg / \:g; [-/ n unit of energy in the metric system 尔格（能量的公制单位）. ergo / 5\:gEU; `[-o/ adv (usu joc 通常作戏谑语) therefore 所以; 因此. ergonomics / 9\:gE5nCmIks; 9[-E`nBmIks/ n [sing v] study of work and working conditions in order to improve people's efficiency 工作环境改造学. ermine / 5\:mIn; `[mIn/ n 1 [C] (pl unchanged or ~s 复数或不变或作ermines) small animal of the weasel family whose fur is brown in summer and white in winter 貂; 扫雪鼬. Cf 参看 ferret, stoat, weasel. 2 [U] its white winter fur, esp as used to trim the robes of judges, etc 白色貂皮（尤用于制 法官等的长袍的饰边）: a gown trimmed with ermine 饰以貂皮的长袍 * [attrib 作定语] ermine robes 白色貂皮袍. erode / I5rEUd; I`rod/ v [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] (of acids, rain, wind, etc) destroy or wear (sth) away gradually （指酸、雨、风等）侵蚀, 腐蚀（某物）: Metals are eroded by acids. 金属 能被酸腐蚀. * The sea has eroded the cliff face over the years. 海水经年累月冲刷著峭壁的表面. * (fig 比喻) The rights of the individual are being steadily eroded. 个人的权利正逐渐受到侵犯. erosion / I5rEUVn; I`roVEn/ n [U] process of eroding or being eroded 侵蚀; 腐蚀: the erosion of the coastline by the sea 海水对海岸的冲刷* attempts to reduce soil erosion 减少土壤侵蚀的做法 * (fig 比喻) the steady erosion of the President's credibility 总统的威信日渐丧失. erosive / I5rEUsIv; I`rosIv/ adj. erogenous / I5rCdVEnEs; I`rBdVEnEs/ adj (of areas of the body) particularly sensitive to sexual stimulation （指身体的某部）性欲发生的: erogenous zones 性欲发生区. erotic / I5rCtIk; I`rBtIk/ adj of or arousing sexual desire 性欲的; 色情的; 引起性欲的: erotic art, verse, photography, etc 色情艺术、诗歌、摄影等* an erotic painting 色情画* the erotic urge 性 冲动. erotica / I5rCtIkE; I`rBtIkE/ n [pl] books, pictures, etc intended to arouse sexual desire 色情书、画等: a collection of erotica 春宫录. erotically / -klI; -klI/ adv. eroticism / I5rCtIsIzEm; I`rBtE9sIzEm/ n [U] (quality of stimulating) sexual desire 性欲; 色情性: the film's blatant eroticism 影片露骨的色情性. err / \:(r); ?@ eEr; Zr/ v (fml 文) 1 [I] (a) make mistakes; be wrong 犯错误; 出错. (b) do wrong; sin 做错事; 犯罪. 2 (idm 习语) err on the side of sth show too much of a (usu good) quality 过分 表现某品质（通常指好的）: It's better to err on the side of tolerance (ie be too tolerant rather than too severe) when dealing with young offenders. 对待失足的青少年宁可失之过宽（宁过宽而勿过严）. to ,err is `human (to for,give di`vine) (saying 谚) it is human nature to sin and make mistakes (and therefore one should be as forgiving as possible) 人孰无过（宽恕为上）. errand / 5erEnd; `ZrEnd/ n 1 short journey to take a message, get or deliver goods, etc 短程差使（送 信、取货或送货等）: He was tired of running errands for his sister. 他已厌烦给姐姐当跑腿了. object or purpose of such a journey 差事: I've come on a special errand. 我是专程来办一件差事的. 3 (idm 习语) an errand of `mercy journey to bring help to sb who is in distress 帮助受困者之行; 雪 中送炭. a fool's errand => fool1. errant / 5erEnt; `ZrEnt/ adj (arch or joc 古或谑) 1 [attrib 作定语] doing wrong; misbehaving 犯错 的; 行为不当的: an ,errant (ie unfaithful) `husband/`wife 不安分的丈夫[妻子]. 2 wandering in search of adventure (esp in the expression shown) 为冒险而周游的（尤用于以下示例）: a ,knight `errant 游侠. erratic / I5rAtIk; I`rAtIk/ adj (usu derog 通常作贬义) irregular or uneven in movement, quality or behaviour; unreliable （动作、品质或行为）不规则的, 无常的, 不可靠的: Deliveries of goods are erratic. 不按规定送货. * The singer gave an erratic performance. 演唱者未唱出水平. * This clock is rather erratic. 这个钟不太准. erratically / -klI; -klI/ adv: Being out of practice the team played very erratically. 这队因缺乏练习而 表现失常. erratum / e5rB:tEm; Z`rBtEm/ n (pl errata/ -tE; -tE/) (fml 文) error in printing or writing 印刷或书写 的错误: a list of errata 勘误表* an erratum slip, ie a piece of paper inserted into a book after printing, listing errors, misprints, etc 勘误附页. erroneous / I5rEUnIEs; I`ronIEs/ adj (fml 文) incorrect; mistaken 不正确的; 错误的: erroneous ideas, conclusions, statements, etc 错误的观念、结论、说法等. erroneously adv: a poem erroneously attributed to Shakespeare 被误认为是莎士比亚写的诗. error / 5erE(r); `ZrL/ n 1 [C] thing done wrongly; mistake 错误; 差错: spelling errors 拼法错误 * a computer error 计算机错误* printer's errors, ie misprints 印刷错误. 2 [U] state of being wrong in belief or behaviour 想法或行为的错误: The letter was sent to you in error, ie by mistake. 此信误 送给你了. * The accident was the result of human error. 这事故是人为的错误造成的. 3 [C] (in calculations, etc) amount of inaccuracy （计算等的）误差: an error of 2 per cent 百分之二的误差. =>Usage at mistake1 用法见mistake1. 4 (idm 习语) an ,error of `judgement a mistake in one's assessment of a situation, etc （对情况等的）判断错误. the ,error of one's `ways aspects of one's way of life that are wrong and should be changed 生活中应改正的过失: Jones used to be a thief, but now he's seen the error of his ways and is trying to rebuild his life. 琼斯过去是小偷, 但是现已知过能改 重新做人. trial and error => trial. ersatz / 5eEzAts, 5\:sB:ts; Zr`zBts/ adj (often derog 常作贬义) imitation or substitute, usu inferior to the original 仿制的, 代用的（通常次于原物）: ersatz coffee, whisky, silk 代用咖啡、仿制威士忌、 人造丝. erudite / 5eru:daIt; `ZrJ9daIt/ adj (fml 文) having or showing great learning; scholarly 博学的; 有学 问的: an erudite lecture 博大精深的讲座. eruditely adv. erudition / 9eru:5dIFn; 9ZrJ`dIFEn/ n [U] learning 学问: display one's erudition 炫耀自己的学识 * a man of immense erudition 饱学之士. erupt / I5rQpt; I`rQpt/ v 1 [I] (of a volcano) suddenly throw out lava, etc （指火山）爆发: It's many years since Mount Vesuvius last erupted. 维苏威火山上一次爆发至今已有很多年了. 2 [I, Ipr] (fig 比喻) break out suddenly and violently 突然发生: Violence has erupted on the streets. 大街上突然 发生了暴乱. * The demonstration erupted into violence. 示威游行中突然出现了武斗. * (infml 口) When I saw the size of the bill I simply erupted, ie became furiously angry. 我看到巨额帐单时简直 火冒三丈. 3 [I] (of spots, etc) appear on the skin （指斑点等）在皮肤上出现: A rash has erupted all over my back. 我的背上出满了疹子. eruption / I5rQpFn; I`rQpFEn/ n [C, U] 1 outbreak of a volcano 火山爆发. 2 (fig 比喻) outbreak of war, disease, etc （战争等）爆发; （疾病等）发作: the eruption of hostilities 战事爆发. 3 sudden appearance of spots, etc on the skin （斑疹等）突然在皮肤上出现; 出疹. -ery (also -ry) suff 后缀1 (with vs and ns forming ns 与动词和名词结合构成名词) (a) place where ... 的地方: bakery * brewery. (b) art or practice of ... 的艺术或技术: cookery * pottery. 2 (with ns and adjs forming usu uncountable ns 与名词和形容词结合构成（通常为不可数）名词) (a) state or character of ...的状态或性质: snobbery * bravery * rivalry. (b) group or collection of ... 的聚集: machinery * greenery * gadgetry. erysipelas / 9erI5sIpIlEs; 9ZrE`sIplEs/ n [U] (medical 医) disease that causes fever and deep red inflammation of the skin 丹毒. ESA / 9i: es 5eI; 9i Zs `e/ abbr 缩写= European Space Agency 欧洲航天局. escalate / 5eskEleIt; `ZskE9let/ v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) increase or develop by successive stages; become or make (sth) more intense （使某事物）逐步增长或发展; （使某事物）更紧张: the steadily escalating level of unemployment 失业率日益上升* House prices have escalated rapidly. 房价已 急速上涨. * The Government is deliberately escalating the war for political reasons. 政府出于政治 目的蓄意使战争逐步升级. escalation / 9eskE5leIFn; 9ZskE`leFEn/ n: an escalation in food prices 食物价格急剧上涨* try to prevent an escalation of the war 竭力防止战争升级. escalator / 5eskEleItE(r); `ZskE9letL/ n moving staircase carrying people up or down between floors or different levels (in a shop, underground railway, etc) 自动扶梯. escalope / e5skAlCp; Z`skAlEp/ n slice of boneless meat, usu coated in egg and breadcrumbs and fried 无骨肉片（通常裹以鸡蛋和面包屑油炸）: escalopes of veal 小牛肉片. escapade / 9eskE5peId, 5eskEpeId; 9ZskE`ped, `ZskE9ped/ n daring, mischievous or adventurous act; prank 大胆的、顽皮的或冒险的行为; 恶作剧: a foolish, childish, boyish, etc escapade 愚蠢的、 幼稚的、男孩子的恶作剧. escape / I5skeIp; I`skep/ v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (from sb/sth) get free; get away (from imprisonment or control) （从监禁、管制中）逃脱, 逃走: Two prisoners have escaped. 有两个囚犯越狱了. * A lion has escaped from its cage. 有一头狮子从笼中逃走了. * She longed to escape from her mother's domination. 她渴望摆脱母亲的操纵. * (fig 比喻) When life became too difficult, he escaped into a dream world of his own. 生活太困难时, 他就躲进了自己梦幻世界之中. 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (from sth) (of gases, liquids, etc) find a way out (of a container, etc); leak; seep out （指气体、液体等）漏出, 泄 漏, 渗出: There's gas escaping somewhere can you smell it? 有什麽地方漏煤气了--你闻到了吗? * Make a hole to let the water escape. 弄个洞让水排出. * heat escaping through a window 从窗户 散发出的热气. 3 [I, Tn no passive 不用于被动语态, Tg] keep free or safe from (sth unpleasant); avoid 避免或躲避（不愉快的事物）; 免除: Where can we go to escape the crowds? 我们到哪里才 能躲开这些人群? * escape punishment/being punished 避免惩罚[受罚] * You can't escape the fact that... 你不能逃避这样的事实.... 4 [Tn no passive 不用于被动语态] be forgotten or unnoticed by (sb/sth) 被遗忘; 未被注意: Her name escapes me, ie I can't remember it. 我想不起她的名字了. * The fault escaped observation (ie was not spotted) for months. 这故障数月来未引起注意. * Nothing escapes you/your attention, ie You notice everything. 什麽也瞒不了你. 5 (idm 习语) escape (sb's) `notice be missed or not noticed (by sb) 疏忽; 没注意到: It won't have escaped your notice that I've been unusually busy recently. 你一定注意到了我最近一直忙得不得了. escape / I5skeIp; I`skep/ n 1 [C, U] ~ (from sth) (act or action of) escaping; instance of having escaped 逃走; 逃脱: Escape from Dartmoor prison is difficult. 从达特穆尔监狱逃走非常困难. * There have been few successful escapes from this prison. 没有什麽人能从这座监狱逃走. * When the guard's back was turned, she made her escape. 看守人一转过身去, 她就逃走了. 2 [C] means of escaping 逃走或逃生的手段: The fire-escape is at the back of the building. 太平门在建筑物的后 面. * [attrib 作定语] The police have just found the escape vehicle. 警方刚找到逃走者使用的车辆. * He showed us our escape route on the map. 他在地图上指出我们逃走的路线. * escape-pipe/-valve, ie to release excess steam or water when the pressure is too great 排出管[阀]（压 力过高时可释放出过剩的蒸汽或水）. 3 [sing] (thing that provides a) temporary distraction from reality or dull routine 暂时逃避现实（的消遣事物）: He listens to music as an escape from the pressures of work. 他听音乐以缓解一下工作的压力. 4 [C] leak 漏出: an escape of gas 漏出煤气. 5 (idm 习语) make ,good one's e`scape manage to escape completely and satisfactorily 设法逃脱. escape clause (also get-out clause) part of a contract that releases a person, etc from obligations under certain conditions （契约的）例外 条款. escape-hatch n. emergency exit from a ship, an aircraft, etc （船只、飞行器等的）紧急出口. escape velocity speed at which a spacecraft, etc must travel in order to leave the gravitational field of a planet, etc 逃 逸速度（宇宙飞船等克服星球引力的速度）. escapee / I9skeI5pi:; 9Iske`pi/ n person who has escaped (esp from prison) 逃脱者; （尤指）越狱者. escapement / I5skeIpmEnt; I`skepmEnt/ n part of a clock or watch that regulates the movement （钟表 的）擒纵器. escapism / I5skeIpIzEm; I`skepIzEm/ n [U] (often derog 常作贬义) (habit of) trying to forget unpleasant realities by means of entertainment, fantasy, etc 逃避现实（的习气）: Drug-taking is a form of escapism for some people. 对有些人来说, 吸毒是一种逃避现实的手段. escapist / -pIst; -pIst/ n person whose behaviour is characterized by escapism 逃避现实的人: [attrib 作定语] escapist literature, eg romantic fiction 逃避现实的文学（如浪漫小说）. escapology / 9eskE5pClEdVI; 9Zske`pBlEdVI/ n [U] practice or technique of escaping from confinement (esp chains, bags, etc) as a form of entertainment 脱身术（表演）（尤指从铁链、口袋 等中挣脱）. escapologist / -lEdVIst; -lEdVIst/ n entertainer who specializes in this 脱身术表演者. escarole / 5eskErEUl; `ZskE9rol/ n [C, U] = endive 1. escarpment / I5skB:pmEnt; Z`skBrpmEnt/ n long steep slope or cliff separating two areas at different levels, usu a plateau and a low-lying plain （通常为处于高低两平原之间的）长而陡的坡或悬崖. eschatology / 9eskE5tClEdVI; 9ZskE`tBlEdVI/ n [U] (religion 宗) branch of theology concerned with the end of the world and God's judgement of mankind after death 末世论（神学的一个范畴, 研究世 界的终局和人死后上帝的审判）. eschew / Is5tFu:; Is`tFu/ v [Tn] (fml 文) keep away from (sth); abstain from; avoid 避开（某事物）; 戒除; 回避: eschew political discussion 回避政治讨论. escort / 5eskR:t; `ZskRrt/ n 1 [CGp] person or group of people, ships, vehicles, etc accompanying sb/sth to give protection or as an honour; person, etc accompanying valuable goods to guard them 进 行护送的人、船、车辆等: The government provided an armed escort for the visiting head of State. 政府为到访的元首派出了武装卫队. * The Queen's yacht had an escort of ten destroyers. 有十艘驱 逐舰为女王的游艇护航. * The gold bullion was transported under police escort. 金锭在警方的护送 下运走了. * [attrib 作定语] soldiers on escort duty 执行护送任务的士兵. 2 [C] (dated or fml 旧 或文) person, esp a man and usu not a regular companion, who accompanies a member of the opposite sex on a particular social occasion （在社交场合）陪伴异性的人（尤指男人而通常并非经常作伴 者）. escort / I5skR:t; I`skRrt/ v [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sb (to sth) accompany sb as an escort 护送某人: a princess escorted by soldiers 由士兵护送公主* May I escort you to the ball? 我可以陪你去参加舞 会吗? * Her brother's friend escorted her home. 她哥哥的朋友护送她回家. escritoire / 9eskrI5twB:(r); 9ZskrI`twBr/ n writing-desk with drawers for paper, envelopes, etc 写字 台. escutcheon / I5skQtFEn; I`skQtFEn/ n 1 shield displaying a coat of arms 饰有纹章的盾. 2 (idm 习语) a blot on sb's/the escutcheon => blot1. -ese suff 后缀1 (with proper ns forming adjs and ns 与专有名词结合构成形容词和名词) (inhabitant or language) of ... 的; ...的人; ... 的语言: (the) Milanese * (the) Japanese. 2 (with ns forming ns 与名词 结合构成名词) (esp derog 尤作贬义) in the literary style of... 的文体; ...的风格: journalese * officialese. Eskimo / 5eskImEU; `ZskE9mo/ (pl unchanged or ~s 复数或不变或作Eskimos / -mEUz; -moz/) (also Innuit, Inuit) n 1 [C] member of a people living in the Arctic regions of N America and E Siberia 爱斯基摩人: [attrib 作定语] Eskimo art 爱斯基摩艺术. 2 [U] language of this people 爱 斯基摩语. ESL / 9i: es 5el; 9i Zs `Zl/ abbr 缩写 = (teaching, learning or studying) English as a Second Language 作为第二语言的英语（教学或研究）. Cf 参看 EFL. ESN / 9i: es 5en; 9i Zs `Zn/ abbr 缩写= educationally subnormal (because mentally handicapped) （因智力低下）教育逊常的. esophagus ( US) = oesophagus. esoteric / 9esEU5terIk, 9i:sEU-; 9ZsE`tZrIk/ adj (fml 文) likely to be understood by only those with a special knowledge or interest; mysterious; obscure 只有内行才懂的; 神秘的; 难懂的: esoteric poetry, imagery, language, etc 难懂的诗、意象、语言等. ESP / 9i: es 5pi:; 9i Zs `pi/ abbr 缩写 = 1 (teaching, learning or studying) English for Special/Specific (eg scientific, technical, etc) Purposes 专业英语（教学或研究）. 2 extra-sensory perception 超感知觉. esp abbr. 缩写 = especially. espadrille / 5espEdrIl; `ZspE9drIl/ n light canvas shoe with a plaited rope sole （鞋底为绳索编结的） 帆布便鞋. espalier / I5spAlIeI; ?@ I5spAljEr; I`spAljL/ n (tree or shrub whose branches are trained on a) wooden or wire frame in a garden 树棚; （树架上）枝杈盘绕的树. especial / I5speFl; I`spZFEl/ adj (a) exceptional; outstanding; special 特别的; 突出的; 特殊的: a matter of especial interest 特别有趣的事. (b) belonging mainly to one person or thing; particular 特 有的; 独有的: for your especial benefit 为了你特有的利益. especially / I5speFElI; I`spZFlI/ adv in particular; specially 尤其; 特别: This is especially for you. 这是特别为你准备的. * I love the country, especially in spring. 我喜爱乡村, 尤其是在春天. Esperanto / 9espE5rntEU; 9ZspE`rAnto/ n [U] artificial language designed for use by all nations 世界 语. espionage / 5espIEnB:V; `ZspIEnBV/ n [U] practice of spying or using spies to obtain secret information 间谍活动: found guilty of espionage 犯有间谍活动罪* engage in espionage 从事间 谍活动* industrial espionage, ie spying on the secret plans of rival companies 工业情报刺探活动. esplanade / 9esplE5neId; 9ZsplE`ned/ n level area of open ground where people may walk, ride or drive for pleasure, esp by the sea （可供散步、骑马、开车游玩的）广场; （尤指）海滨广场. espouse / I5spaUz; I`spaJz/ v [Tn] (fml 文) give one's support to (a cause, theory, etc) 支持, 拥护 （某主张、理论等）: espousing feminism 拥护女权主义. espousal / I5spaUzl; I`spaJzl/ n [U] (fml 文) ~ of sth espousing of (a cause, etc) 支持; 拥护: his recent espousal of communism 他最近对共产主义的拥护. espresso / e5spresEU; Zs`prZso/ n (pl ~s) [C, U] (cup of) coffee made by forcing boiling water under pressure through ground coffee （一杯）蒸馏咖啡: `Two espressos, please.' ｀请来两杯蒸馏咖啡.＇ esprit / e5spri:; Z`spri/ n [U] (French 法) lively wit 机智. esprit de corps / e9spri: dE 5kR:(r); Z`spridE`kRr/ (French 法) loyalty and devotion uniting the members of a group 团结精神. espy / I5spaI; I`spaI/ v (pt, pp espied) [Tn] (dated or joc 旧或谑) catch sight of (sb/sth) 看到（某人 [某事物]）: Was it you I espied jogging in the park this morning? 我今天早上看到在公园里有个人 慢跑, 是你吗? Esq abbr. 缩写 = (fml 文esp Brit) Esquire: Edgar Broughton, Esq, eg on a letter addressed to him 如用作书信中的称谓. -esque suff 后缀(used with ns to form adjs 与名词结合构成形容词) in the style or manner of ... 的风格;... 的方式: statuesque * Kiplingesque. Esquire / I5skwaIE(r); ?@ 5es-; `Zs9kwaIr/ n (Brit fml 文) (abbr 缩写Esq) polite title added after a man's surname (instead of Mr before it), esp in addressing letters （用作男子的尊称, 加在姓后, 尤 用于书信中, Mr 则用于姓前）: He wrote `Peter Mitchell, Esq' on the envelope. 他在信封上写了 Peter Mitchell, Esq. -ess suff 后缀(with ns forming ns 与名词结合构成名词) female 女的; 雌性的; 母的; 牝: lioness * actress. -ess NOTE ON USAGE 用法: The `feminine' suffixes -ess and -ette, in such words as poetess and usherette, are frequently avoided today, because it is unnecessary to make a distinction between men and women doing the same job. *-ess 和-ette 这两个后缀表示｀女的＇之意（如poetess 和usherette）, 现在已尽量避免使用, 因无必要将做同一工作的人区分男女. The same word can often be used to apply to both sexes 同一词往往用于男女均可: author, host, manager, usher. The use of an alternative word is sometimes possible; for example, instead of headmaster or headmistress we can use headteacher. 有时可用其他词替换, 如用headteacher 而不用headmaster 或headmistress. essay / 5eseI; `Zse/ n piece of writing, usu short and in prose, on any one subject 文章; （尤指）短文, 小品文, 散文: We had to write three essays in the history exam. 我们考历史要写三篇短文. essayist / -Ist; -Ist/ n writer of essays, esp for publication （文章的）作者: Bacon was a famous essayist. 培根是著名的散文家. essay / e5seI; Z`se/ v [Tn] (dated fml 旧, 文) try (sth); attempt 尝试（某事物）; 企图: essay a task 试做一工作. essay / 5eseI; Z`se/ n (dated fml 旧, 文) ~ (at/in sth) attempt 试图. essence / 5esns; `Zsns/ n 1 [U] that which makes a thing what it is; most important or indispensable quality of sth 本质; 精髓; 要素: The essence of his argument is that capitalism cannot succeed. 他 的论点的核心是资本主义不能成功. * She was the essence of kindness. 她本性善良. 2 [C, U] extract of a plant, drug, etc, containing all its important qualities in concentrated form （植物、药物 等的）精华, 精髓: vanilla essence 香草精 * meatessences 肉汁. 3 (idm 习语) in `essence fundamentally; essentially 大体上; 本质上: The two arguments are inessence the same. 这两个论点 大致相同. of the `essencevery important; indispensable 非常重要的; 不可缺少的: Speed is of the essence in dealing with an emergency. 在处理紧急事件时, 速度是非常重要的. essential / I5senFl; I`sZnFEl/ adj 1 [esp pred 尤作表语] ~ (to/for sth) necessary; indispensable; most important 必要; 不可缺少; 最重要: Is money essential to happiness? 金钱对于幸福是必不可 少的吗? * It's essential that you attend all the meetings. 你务必要参加所有的会议. * `Secretary wanted: previous experience essential.' ｀招聘秘书: 须有经验.＇ 2 [attrib 作定语] relating to sb's/sth's basic nature; fundamental 本质的; 基本的: His essential decency makes it impossible to dislike him. 他十分正派, 使人不能不喜欢他. * What is the essential theme of the play? 这剧本的 主题是什麽? essential n. (usu pl 通常作复数) fundamentally necessary element or thing 要素; 要点: A knowledge of French is an absolute essential. 会些法语是非常必要的. * the essentials of English grammar 英语语法纲要* We only had time to pack a few essentials. 我们只来得及装上几件必需 品. essentially / I5senFElI; I`sZnFElI/ adv in his/its true nature; basically 本质上; 基本上: He's essentially a very generous man. 他本质上是个十分慷慨的人. essential oil oil extracted from a plant and used in making perfume, flavourings, etc 香精油; 香料油. EST / 9i: es 5ti:; 9i Zs `ti/ abbr 缩写 = 1 (US) Eastern Standard Time 东部夏令时间. Cf 参看 EDT. 2 (medical 医) electro-shock treatment (used esp on psychiatric patients) 电休克疗法（尤用 于精神病患者）. est (also estd) abbr. 缩写= 1 established: Hyde, Jekyll and Co, est 1902 海德杰基尔公司成立 于1902 年. 2 estimate(d). establish / I5stAblIF; I`stAblIF/ v 1 [Tn] set (sth) up on a firm or permanent basis 建立, 设立（某事 物）: This business was established in 1860. 这家公司成立于1860 年. * establish a close relationship with sb 与某人建立起密切的关系. 2 [Tn only passive 只用于被动语态, Tn.pr only passive 只用 于被动语态, Cn.n/a] ~ sb/oneself (in sth) (as sth) place sb/oneself in a position, office, etc, usu on a permanent basis 使某人[自己]任职; 安置; 安顿: We are now comfortably established in our new house. 我们现已在新居舒适地安顿下来了. * He established himself as governor of the province. 他当上了省长. * She's now firmly established (in business) as an art dealer. 她已稳固地奠定了艺术 品商的地位. 3 [Tn, Tf, Tw] show (sth) to be true; prove 确定（某事物）; 证实: We've established his innocence/(the fact) that he's innocent. 我们已证实他无罪. * The police can't establish where he was at the time. 警方无法确定当时他在哪里. 4 [Tn, Cn.n/a] cause people to accept (a belief, custom, claim, etc) 使人接受（信仰、风俗、要求等）: Established practices are difficult to change. 积习难改. * His second novel established his fame as a writer. 他的第二部小说确立了他作家之名. established adj. [attrib 作定语] (of a Church or religion) made official for a country （指教会或信 仰）成为国教的: Anglicanism is the established religion in England. 英国圣公会是英国国教. establishment / I5stAblIFmEnt; I`stAblIFmEnt/ n 1 [U] action of creating or setting up 设立; 建立: the establishment of a new college 新学院的成立. 2 [C] (fml or joc 文或谑) (premises of a) business organization or large institution 商业机构或大型机关（的房屋建筑）: an educational establishment, eg a school 教育机构（如学校） * What made you come and work in this establishment? 你到这个机构来工作的原因是什麽? 3 [sing] group of people employed in an organization, a household, etc 一机构的雇员、家庭成员等: We have a large establishment, ie many staff. 我们员工编制很大（有许多职工）. 4 the Establishment [sing] n (esp Brit often derog 常作 贬义) group of powerful people who influence or control policies, ideas, taste, etc and usually support what has been traditionally accepted 当权派（通常为守旧派）: the musical, intellectual, artistic, etc Establishment 音乐界的、知识界的、艺术界等的当权派 * [attrib 作定语] an Establishment figure 一位当权派. estate / I5steIt; I`stet/ n 1 [C] area of land, esp in the country, with one owner 地产; （尤指）庄园: He owns a large estate in Scotland. 他在苏格兰有大量地产. 2 [C] (esp Brit) large area of land developed for a specific purpose, eg for houses or factories 作某种用途的地区（如兴建房屋或工厂）: a housing/a trading/an industrial estate 住宅区[商业区/工业区]. 3 [U, C] (law 律) all the money and property that a person owns, esp that which is left at death 个人财产; （尤指）遗产: Her estate was divided between her four children. 她的遗产分给了她的四个子女. 4 [C] (dated fml 旧, 文) political or social group or class 政治的或社会的集团或等级: the three Estates of the Realm, ie (in Britain) the bishops, the lords and the common people （欧洲封建时代的）三个等级（在英国为僧 侣、贵族和平民）. 5 [sing] (dated fml 旧, 文) condition; stage in life 状况; 生活阶段: the holy estate of matrimony 已婚状况. estate agent (US realtor, real estate agent) person whose job is to buy and sell houses for others 房地产经纪人. estate car (also shooting-brake, US station wagon) car with a large area for luggage behind the rear folding seats and a door or doors at the back for easy loading 客货两用轿车; 旅行轿车. =>illus at car 见car 之插图. estd abbr. 缩写 = est. esteem / I5sti:m; I`stim/ v (fml 文) (not used in the continuous tenses 不用于进行时态) 1 [Tn] have a high opinion of (sb/sth); respect greatly 尊重, 尊敬（某人[某事物]）: I esteem his work highly. 我非常尊重他的工作. 2 [Cn.n] consider; regard 考虑; 认为: I esteem it a privilege to address such a distinguished audience. 我认为能向各位贵宾演讲十分荣幸. esteem n. high regard; favourable opinion 尊重; 看重: Since he behaved so badly he's gone down in my esteem, ie I do not esteem him so highly. 他表现非常恶劣, 使我对他的看法一落千丈. * She is held in great/high/low esteem by those who know her well. 熟悉她的人都极为[甚为/不太]尊重 她. esthete, esthetic ( US) = aesthete, aesthetic (aesthete). estimable / 5estImEbl; `ZstEmEbl/ adj (dated or fml 旧或文) worthy of great respect 值得尊敬的. estimate / 5estImEt; `ZstEmEt/ n 1 judgement or calculation of the approximate size, cost, value, etc of sth 估计; 估价: I can give you a rough estimate of the number of bricks you will need. 我可大略 估算一下你需要多少砖. * This is an outside estimate of the price, ie an estimate of the highest probable price. 这是最高的估价. 2 statement of the price a builder, etc will probably charge for doing specified work （营造商等对承建工程的）报价: We got estimates from three different contractors before accepting the lowest. 我们得到三个承包商的报价后, 接受了价钱最低的. Cf 参 看quotation 4. 3 judgement of the character or qualities of sb/sth （对某人[事物]性格或质量的） 判断: I don't know her well enough to form an estimate of her abilities. 我对她不太了解, 无法对她 的能力作出判断. estimate / 5estImeIt; `ZstE9met/ v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tnt, Tf, Tw] ~ sth (at sth) form an approximate idea of sth; calculate roughly the cost, size, value, etc of sth 估计: We estimated his income at/to be about 8000 a year. 我们估计他一年的收入大约8000 英镑. * She estimated that the work would take three months. 她估计这项工作需要三个月. * Can you estimate its length/how long it is? 你能估计其长 度[它有多长]吗? 2 [Ipr] ~ for sth calculate the probable price of (a specified job) 估算（某项工作） 的费用: We asked our builder to estimate for the repair of the ceiling. 我们要求营造商估算一下修 理天花板的费用. Cf 参看 quote 3. estimation / 9estI5meIFn; 9ZstE`meFEn/ n 1 [U] judgement; opinion; regard 判断; 意见; 认为: In my estimation, he's the more suitable candidate. 我认为他是更合适的人选. 2 (idm 习语) go up/down in sb's estimation be regarded more/less highly by sb 增加[降低]对某人的尊敬: She's certainly gone up in my estimation since she told the boss what she thought of him. 她对老板讲了自 己对他的看法后, 我就更加尊敬她了. estrange / I5streIndV; I`strendV/ v [esp passive 尤用于被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from sb) cause (sb formerly loving or friendly) to become unfriendly to sb 使（某人）疏远某人; 离间: He's estranged from his wife, ie no longer living with her. 他和妻子分居了. * They are estranged. 他们疏远了. estrangement n. 1 [U] state of being estranged 疏远. 2 [C] instance of this 疏远: cause an estrangement between two old friends 导致两个老朋友彼此疏远. estuary / 5estFUErI; ?@ -UerI; `ZstFJ9ZrI/ n [C] wide river mouth into which the tide flows 河口湾: the Thames estuary 泰晤士河河口. et al / 9et 5Al; 9Zt `Al/ abbr 缩写 = (infml 口) and other people or things (Latin et alii/alia) 以及其 他人或事物（源自拉丁文et alii/alia）: The concert included works by Mozart et al. 音乐会上演奏 莫扎特等人的作品. et cetera / It 5setErE, et-; It `sZtErE, Zt-/ (usu abbr 通常缩写作etc) and other similar things; and the rest; and so on 以及诸如此类的事物; 及其他等等; 等等. et seq / 9et 5sek; 9Zt `sZk/ abbr 缩写= (pl et seqq) and the following (page(s), item(s), etc) (Latin et sequens/sequentia) 以及下列（各页、各项等）（源自拉丁文et sequens/sequentia）: for further information see pp 9 et seq 详情见第9 页起之各页. son et lumiere / 9sCn eI lu:5mjeE(r); 9sonelum`jZr/ (French 法) night-time entertainment at a famous building or place, where its history is told and acted with special lighting and sound effects 名胜掌故 晚会（在著名的建筑物或场所就地举行, 以讲述和表演的形式再现该处历史, 并配以灯光和音响 效果）: son et lumiere in the grounds of a ruined abbey 在一座大修道院的废墟上举行的该处名胜 掌故晚会. ETA (also eta) / 9i: ti: 5eI; 9i ti `e/ abbr 缩写= estimated time of arrival (when travelling) （旅行时） 估计的到达时间: leave London 10. 05, eta Paris 12. 30. 10 时05 分离开伦敦, 估计12 时30 分到 达巴黎. Cf 参看 ETD. etceteras / It5setErEz, et-; It`sZtErEz, Zt-/ n [pl] (infml 口) the usual extra things 额外事物; 零星杂 项: It's not just the food for the guests I have to think about there are all the etceteras as well. 我要 考虑的不仅仅是客人的食物--还有其他各种东西. etch / etF; ZtF/ v (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (on/onto sth) use a needle and acid to make (a picture, etc) on a metal plate from which copies may be printed 用针和酸类在金属板上蚀刻（图画等）: (fig 比喻) The incident remained etched on her memory for years. 那次事件多年来一直铭刻在她的记忆中. (b) [I] make pictures, etc in this way 蚀刻: She enjoys etching. 她喜爱作蚀刻画. etcher n. person who etches 蚀刻师. etching n. 1 [U] art of making etched prints 蚀刻术. 2 [C] copy printed from an etched plate 蚀 刻板画: Hanging on the wall was a fine etching of the church. 挂在墙上的是一幅精致的教堂蚀刻 板画. ETD / 9i: ti: 5di:; 9i ti `di/ abbr 缩写= estimated time of departure (when travelling) （旅行时）估 计的离开时间: arrive Paris 12.30, etd (for) Lyons 14.00 12 时30 分到达巴黎, 估计14 时整启程前 往里昂. Cf 参看 ETA. eternal / I5t\:nl; I`t[nl/ adj 1 without beginning or end; lasting or existing for ever 永久的; 永恒的; 不朽的: the Eternal God 上帝* eternal life, ie life after death of the body 永生* eternal love 永恒 的爱. 2 [attrib 作定语] (infml 口) seeming never to stop; (too) frequent 似乎不停的; （过于）频 繁的: Stop this eternal chatter! 不要罗嗦个不停! * I am tired of your eternal arguments. 我讨厌你 那没完没了的争论. 3 (idm 习语) the eternal `triangle situation in which two people are both in love with the same person of the opposite sex 三角恋爱. the eternal `verities fundamental moral principles; laws of God 基本的道德准则; 永恒的真理. eternally / I5t\:nElI; I`t[nlI/ adv 1 throughout all time; for ever 永远地; 永久地. 2 (infml 口) (a) always 永远: I'll be eternally grateful to you. 我永远感激你. (b) (too) frequently （过于）频繁: He's eternally telephoning me early in the morning. 他总是大清早给我打电话. the Eternal City Rome 不朽之城（即罗马）. eternity / I5t\:nEtI; I`t[nEtI/ n 1 [U] (fml 文) time without end; state or time of life after death 永恒; 来世; 永生. 2 an eternity [sing] (infml 口) a very long time that seems endless 漫长的时间: It seemed an eternity before the police arrived. 似乎等到猴年马月警察才来. eternity ring finger-ring with gems set all round it symbolizing eternity 四周镶有宝石象徵永恒的戒指: He gave her an eternity ring when their son was born. 他们的儿子出世后他送给她一枚表示永恒的戒指. ether / 5i:WE(r); `iWL/ n [U] 1 colourless liquid made from alcohol, used in industry as a solvent to dissolve fats, etc and (esp formerly) medically as an anaesthetic 醚; 乙醚. 2 (also aether) (a) (arch or joc 古或谑) the upper air 上空: Today's news goes into the ether and is soon forgotten. 今天的新 闻广播听后不久即置于脑后了. (b) type of substance formerly believed to fill all space through which light waves were thought to travel 以太. ethereal (also aetherial) / I5WIErIEl; I`WIrIEl/ adj 1 of unearthly delicacy and lightness; seeming too spiritual or fairy-like for this world 轻巧的; 超凡的: ethereal music, beauty 轻柔的音乐、超凡 的美. 2 (arch 古) of the pure upper air above the clouds 苍天的. ethic / 5eWIk; `ZWIk/ n 1 system of moral principles; rules of conduct 道德标准; 行为准则: the Puritan ethic 清教徒的伦理观 * the Christian ethic 基督徒的伦理观. 2 ethics n (a) [sing v] science that deals with morals 伦理学: Ethics is a branch of philosophy. 伦理学是哲学的分科. (b) [pl] moral correctness 道德规范: The ethics of his decision are doubtful. 他的这一决定是否合乎道 德规范值得怀疑. * Medical ethics (ie those observed by the medical profession) forbid a doctor to have a love affair with a patient. 行医道德有规定, 禁止医生与病人谈恋爱. ethical / -kl; -kl/ adj 1 of morals or moral questions 道德的; 道德上的问题的: largely an ethical problem 主要是道德问题* an ethical basis for education 教育的道德基础. 2 morally correct 合 乎道德的: His behaviour has not been strictly ethical. 他的行为不太道德. ethically / -klI; -klI/ adv. ethnic / 5eWnIk; `ZWnIk/ adj 1 of a national, racial or tribal group that has a common cultural tradition 民族的; 种族的; 部落的: ethnic minorities, groups, communities, etc 少数民族的; 族群 的; 种族社区的等. 2 (typical) of a particular cultural group 某文化群体的（典型的）: ethnic clothes, food, music 民族的服装、食物、音乐* an ethnic restaurant 具有民族风味的饭店. ethnically / -klI; -klI/ adv. ethnography / eW5nCgrEfI; ZW`nB-rEfI/ n [U] scientific description of the different human races 人 种志. ethnographer / eW5nCgrEfE(r); ZW`nB-rEfL/ n student of or expert in ethnography 人种志研究者; 人种志专家. ethnographic / 9eWnE5grAfIk; 9ZWnE`-rAfIk/ adj. ethnology / eW5nClEdVI; ZW`nBlEdVI/ n [U] science of the different human races, their characteristics, relations to one another, etc 民族学. Cf 参看 anthropology, sociology. ethnological / 9eWnE5lCdVIkl; 9ZWnE`lBdVIkl/ adj of ethnology 民族学的. ethnologist / eW5nClEdVIst; ZW`nBlEdVIst/ n student of or expert in ethnology 民族学研究者; 民 族学家. ethos / 5i:WCs; `iWBs/ n (fml 文) characteristic spirit, moral values, ideas or beliefs of a group, community or culture （集体、社团、文化的）气质、道德观、思想或信仰: the revolutionary ethos 革命精神* His book captures exactly the ethos of Elizabethan England. 他的书准确地描绘 了英国伊丽莎白时代的风土人情. ethyl alcohol / 9eWIl 5AlkEhCl or, rarely 罕读作9i:WaIl-;9ZWEl `AlkE9hRl/ base of alcoholic drinks, also used as a fuel or solvent 乙醇. etiolate / 5i:tIEUleIt; `itIE9let/ v [Tn] 1 (botany 植) make (a plant) pale through lack of light 使（植 物）因缺乏日光而变白: an etiolated seedling 发黄的幼苗. 2 (fml 文) cause (sb) to become pale and weak 使（某人）苍白衰弱: an etiolated adolescent 面黄肌瘦的少年 * (fig 比喻) an etiolated society 颓废的社会. etiolation / 9i:tIEU5leIFn; 9itIE`leFEn/ n [U]. etiology ( US) = aetiology. etiquette / 5etIket, -kEt; `ZtI9kZt, -kEt/ n [U] formal rules of correct and polite behaviour in society or among members of a profession 礼节; 礼仪: Etiquette was considered very important in Victorian England. 英国在维多利亚时代非常注重礼仪. * medical, legal etiquette 医务界的、法律界的成 规. -ette suff 后缀(with ns forming ns 与名词结合构成名词) 1 small 小的: cigarette * kitchenette. 2 imitation 仿制: flannelette * leatherette. 3 female 女性: usherette. =>Usage at -ess 用法见ess. etymology / 9etI5mClEdVI; 9ZtE`mBlEdVI/ n 1 [U] study of the origin and history of words and their meanings 词源学. 2 [C] account of the origin and history of a particular word 词源: This dictionary does not give etymologies. 这部词典不介绍词源. etymological / 9etImE5lCdVIkl; 9ZtEmE`lBdVIkl/ adj of etymology 词源学的; 词源的. etymologist / 9etI5mClEdVIst; 9ZtE`mBlEdVIst/ n student of or expert in etymology 词源学研究者; 词源学家. eucalyptus / 9ju:kE5lIptEs; 9jukE`lIptEs/ n (pl ~es or -lypti / -5lIptaI; -`lIptaI/) 1 (also euca`lyptus tree) any of several types of tall evergreen trees (including the Australian gum-tree), from which oil, timber and gum are obtained 桉树属. 2 (also euca`lyptus oil) [U] oil obtained from its leaves, used as a treatment for colds 桉树油（用以治疗感冒）. eucharist / 5ju:kErIst; `jukErIst/ n the Eucharist [sing] (the bread and wine taken at) the Christian ceremony based on Christ's last supper 圣餐; 圣体; （圣餐中用的）饼和葡萄酒. Cf 参看 communion. eugenics / ju:5dVenIks; jJ`dVZnIks/ n [sing v] science of the production of healthy intelligent children with the aim of improving the human genetic stock1(6) 优生学; 人种改良学. eulogize, eulogise / 5ju:lEdVaIz; `julE9dVaIz/ v [I, Tn] (fml or joc 文或谑) praise (sb/sth) highly in speech or writing 称赞, 颂扬（某人[某事物]）: eulogizing over the vintage wine 称誉佳酿. eulogist / 5ju:lEdVIst; `julEdVIst/ n person who does this 颂扬者; 作颂词者. eulogistic / 9ju:lE5dVIstIk; 9julE`dVIstIk/ adj (of a speech or piece of writing) full of high praise （指 言语或文字）颂扬的: eulogistic articles about his latest book 对他的新书的赞扬文章. eulogize, eulogise / 5ju:lEdVaIz; `julE9dVaIz/ v [I, Tn] (fml or joc 文或谑) praise (sb/sth) highly in speech or writing 称赞, 颂扬（某人[某事物]）: eulogizing over the vintage wine 称誉佳酿. eulogist / 5ju:lEdVIst; `julEdVIst/ n person who does this 颂扬者; 作颂词者. eulogistic / 9ju:lE5dVIstIk; 9julE`dVIstIk/ adj (of a speech or piece of writing) full of high praise （指 言语或文字）颂扬的: eulogistic articles about his latest book 对他的新书的赞扬文章. eulogy / 5ju:lEdVI; `julEdVI/ n [C, U] (esp fml 尤作文雅语) (speech or piece of writing containing) high praise of a person or thing 颂词; 颂文: a poem of eulogy to the princess 献给公主的颂诗 * Her latest film has brought eulogies from the critics. 她最近的这部电影获得影评界的好评. eunuch / 5ju:nEk; `junEk/ n castrated man, esp one formerly employed in the women's quarters of some oriental courts 阉人; （尤指）宦官, 太监. euphemism / 5ju:fEmIzEm; `jufE9mIzEm/ n [C, U] (example of the) use of pleasant, mild or indirect words or phrases in place of more accurate or direct ones 委婉说法; 委婉话: `Pass away' is a euphemism for `die'. ｀去世＇是｀死＇的委婉说法. * `Pass water' is a euphemism for `urinate'. ｀ 小便＇是｀排尿＇的委婉语. euphemistic / 9ju:fE5mIstIk; 9jufE`mIstIk/ adj (of speech or writing) consisting of or containing euphemisms （指言语或文字）委婉的: euphemistic language, expressions, terms, words, etc 委婉的 语言、用语、词语、言语等, euphemistically/ -klI; -klI/ adv. euphonium / ju:5fEUnIEm; ju`fonIEm/ n large brass musical wind instrument, a type of tuba 次中音 大号. euphony / 5ju:fEnI; `jufEnI/ n (fml 文) (a) [U] pleasantness of sound, esp in words 声音（尤指语音） 的和谐. (b) [C, U] pleasing sound 悦耳的声音: the euphony of a speaker's voice 演讲者的声音悦 耳. euphonious / ju:5fEUnIEs; ju`fonIEs/ adj of a pleasing sound 悦耳的: euphonious musical notes 悦 耳的音调. euphoria / ju:5fR:rIE; ju`fRrIE/ n [U] intense feeling of happiness and pleasant excitement 愉快和兴 奋的感觉: She was still in a state of euphoria hours after her victory. 她获胜后几小时仍喜气洋洋. euphoric / ju:5fCrIk; ?@ -5fR:r-; ju`fRrIk/ adj: euphoric shouts of victory 胜利的欢呼声. Eur(o)- : comb form 构词成分European; of Europe 欧洲的: Eurasian * Euro-Communist. Eurasia / jUE5reIVE; jJ`reVE/ n Europe and Asia 欧亚大陆. Eurasian / jUE5reIVn; jJ`reVEn/ n, adj (person) of mixed European and Asian parentage; of Europe and Asia 欧亚混血的（人）; 欧亚大陆的. eureka / jUE5ri:kE; jJ`rikE/ interj (joc 谑) I have found it! 我找到了! (a cry of triumph at making a discovery 有所发现时得意的呼声): Eureka a job at last! 我找到了--终于找到工作了! eurhythmics (also euryththmics) / ju:5rITmIks; jJ`rITmIks/ n [sing v] (a) system of exercising the body through movement to music 韵律体操. (b) dancing in this style 韵律舞蹈. Eurocheque / 5jUErEUtFek; `jJro9tFZk/ n (cheque issued under an) arrangement between European banks allowing customers in one country to cash cheques, etc in another 欧洲通用支票. Eurocrat / 5jUErEkrAt; `jJrE9krAt/ n person, esp one in a senior position, who works in the administration of the European Economic Community 欧洲经济共同体的官员（尤指高级官员）: the Brussels Eurocrats 布鲁塞尔的欧洲经济共同体官员. Eurodollar / 5jUErEUdClE(r); `jJro9dBlL/ n US dollar put into European banks to act as an international currency and help the financing of trade and commerce 欧洲美元（存入欧洲银行的美 元）. European / 9jUErE5pIEn; 9jJrE`piEn/ 1 n, adj (native) of Europe 欧洲的（土著）: ,European `languages 欧洲的语言. 2 adj happening in or extending over Europe 在欧洲发生或传播的: an author with European recognition 名闻欧洲的作家. the European Economic Community (abbr 缩写 EEC) = Common Market (common1). Eustachian tube / ju:9steIFn 5tju:b; ?@ -5tu:b; jJ`steFEn `tub/ (anatomy 解) narrow passage extending from the middle ear to the throat 耳咽管; 欧氏管: The child has earache caused by blocked Eustachian tubes. 这孩子因耳咽管堵塞而引起耳痛. =>illus at ear 见ear 之插图. euthanasia / 9ju:WE5neIzIE; ?@ -5neIVE; 9juWE`neVE/ n [U] (bringing about of a) gentle and painless death for a person suffering from a painful incurable disease, extreme old age, etc 安乐死 （术）; 安死术: It is against the law for doctors to practise euthanasia, ie to kill patients to prevent suffering. 医生施行安死术是违法的. evacuate / I5vAkjUeIt; I`vAkjJ9et/ v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from...) (to...) remove sb from a place of danger to a safer place, esp in time of war 将某人移往较安全处（尤指战时）; 疏散: The children were evacuated to the country when the city was being bombed. 城市遭到轰炸时, 儿童都疏散到乡 下去了. 2 [Tn] (esp military 尤用于军事) leave or withdraw from (a place) esp because of danger 撤离（某处）（尤指因危险）: The soldiers evacuated the area as the enemy advanced. 敌军推进时, 士 兵都撤出了那地区. * The region near the erupting volcano was evacuated rapidly. 火山爆发处附近 已迅速撤空. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr] (fml 文) ~ sth (of sth) empty (esp the bowels) of their contents 排空（尤 指肠）. evacuation / I9vAkjU5eIFn; I9vAkjJ`eFEn/ n 1 [U] act of evacuating or state of being evacuated 疏 散; 撤离; 排空: the evacuation of thousands of people after a flood 洪水过后成千上万人离乡背井 * the evacuation of a town 城市的撤空. 2 [C] instance of this 疏散; 撤离; 排空. evacuee / I9vAkjU5i:; I`vAkjJ9i/ n person who is evacuated (evacuate 1) 被疏散者: evacuees from the battle area 来自战区的逃难者. evade / I5veId; I`ved/ v [Tn] 1 get or keep out of the way of (sb/sth) 躲开, 避开（某人[某事物]）: evade the police, an attack, an enemy 躲避警察、袭击、敌人. 2 find a way of not doing (sth, esp sth that legally or morally ought to be done); avoid 逃避（尤指法律或道德上的责任）: evade military service 逃避兵役* evade capture by the police 躲避警方的追捕. 3 avoid answering (a question) fully or honestly 回避如实的答覆（问题）: The policeman evaded all the difficult questions. 那警察 回避了所有难以答覆的问题. evaluate / I5vAljUeIt; I`vAljJ9et/ v [Tn] find out or form an idea of the amount or value of (sb/sth); assess 评价, 估计, 评估（某人[某事物]）: (fml 文) evaluate her chances of success 估计她成功的 机会* I can't evaluate his ability without seeing his work. 我没有看到他的工作情况, 无法评论他 的能力. evaluation / I9vljU5eIFn; I9vAljJ`eFEn/ n [C, U]. evanescent / 9i:vE5nesnt; ?@ 9ev-; 9ZvE`nZsnt/ adj (fml 文) quickly fading; soon disappearing from memory 迅速消失的; 不久便淡忘的: as evanescent as snowflakes on a river 如雪花落入河中, 瞬 即消失* a pop singer's evanescent fame 流行歌曲演唱者一瞬即逝的声誉. evanescence / -sns; -sns/ n [U]. evangelical / 9i:vAn5dVelIkl; 9ivAn`dVZlIkl/ adj 1 of or according to the teachings of the Christian Gospel, or the Christian religion 福音的; 根据福音的. 2 of a Protestant group which believes that the soul can be saved only by faith in Christ 福音派新教会的. evangelical n. member of this group 福音派新教信徒. evangelicalism / -ElIzEm; -ElIzEm/ n [U] evangelical(2) beliefs and teachings 福音派新教会的信仰 与教义. evangelize, evangelise / I5vAndVElaIz; I`vAndVE9laIz/ v [I, Tn] (a) (fml 文) preach or spread the Christian gospel to (sb) with the aim of converting 宣讲福音使（某人）皈依基督教. (b) try to win support from (sb) for a cause 争取（某人）支持某事: Health food supporters are always evangelizing. 喜爱保健食品的人总爱劝别人都吃保健食品. evangelist / I5vAndVElIst; I`vAndVElIst/ n 1 any one of the four writers (Matthew, Mark, Luke, John) of the Gospels in the Bible 四福音书作者（马太、马可、路加、约翰）. 2 preacher of the Gospel, esp one who travels around holding evangelical(2) religious meetings 福音传道者; （尤指） 布道家: converted to Christianity by a fervent American evangelist 受虔诚的美国布道家感化而皈 依基督教 evangelism n. [U]. evangelistic/ I9vndVE5lIstIk; I9vAndVE`lIstIk/ adj. evaporate / I5vApEreIt; I`vApE9ret/ v 1 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) change into vapour and disappear （使 某物）蒸发掉: The water soon evaporated in the sunshine. 水在阳光下不久就蒸发了. * Heat evaporates water into steam. 水受热变成水蒸气. =>Usage at water1 用法见water1. 2 [I] (fig 比 喻) be lost or cease to exist 消失; 不复存在: His hopes evaporated, ie he no longer felt any hope. 他 的希望破灭了. evaporation / I9vpE5reIFn; I9vApE`reFEn/ n [U]. evaporated milk thick unsweetened milk, usu bought in tins, which has had some of the liquid removed by evaporation 淡炼乳（通常为罐装）: The pudding was made with evaporated milk. 这布丁是用淡炼乳做的. evasion / I5veIVn; I`veVEn/ n 1 [C, U] keeping out of the way of sb; avoidance 躲避某人; 规避; 逃避: the burglar's evasion of the police 窃贼躲避警察* evasion of responsibility 逃避责任 * He's been accused of tax evasion. 他被控逃税. 2 [C] statement, excuse, etc made to avoid fully answering a question （避免如实回答问题的）遁辞, 借口, 推托: His answers to my questions were nothing but clever evasions. 他回答我的问题时顾左右而言他. evasive / I5veIsIv; I`vesIv/ adj 1 (a) having the aim or intention of avoiding capture, of not giving a direct answer, etc 躲避的; 逃避的; 推诿的: evasive tactics 规避战术* Her manner was always very evasive; she would never look straight at me. 她的样子总是躲躲闪闪的, 从来不正眼看我. (b) not direct or straightforward 不直接的; 不坦率的; 转弯抹角的: an evasive answer to a question 对 问题躲躲闪闪的答覆. 2 (idm 习语) take evasive action (esp of a plane, ship, etc in war) do sth in order to avoid danger, etc （尤指在战争中飞机、军舰等的）规避动作（以避免危险）: The pilot took evasive action to avoid a collision with the enemy aircraft. 驾驶员采取规避动作以免与敌机相 撞. * (joc 谑) Stephen didn't want to see his sister, so he quickly took evasive action and hid under the bed. 斯蒂芬不愿见他的姐姐, 便立即采取规避动作, 藏到床底下去了. evasively adv. evasiveness n. [U]: Politicians are often accused of evasiveness. 政客常因左右言他而受人指责. Eve / i:v; iv/ n (in the Bible story of the Creation) the first woman on earth, created by God 夏娃（《圣 经》故事《创世纪》中上帝造的第一个女人）: Adam and Eve 亚当和夏娃. eve / i:v; iv/ n 1 day or evening before a religious festival or holiday （宗教节日或假日的）前日, 前夕: Christmas Eve, ie 24 Dec 圣诞节前夕（12 月24 日）* New Year's Eve, ie 31 Dec 除夕（12 月31 日）. 2 time just before an important event 重大事件即将发生的时刻; 前夕: the eve of the election 选举前夕 * on the eve of the race 比赛前夕. 3 (arch 古) evening 傍晚: a perfect summer eve 美丽的夏日黄昏. even / 5i:vn; `ivEn/ adj 1 level; smooth; flat 平的; 平滑的; 平坦的: the most even part of the golf course 高尔夫球场最平坦的地方* A billiard-table must be perfectly even. 台球桌必须十分平. 2 unchanging in quality; regular; steady 均匀的; 有规律的; 稳定的: This wine cellar stays at an even temperature all year round. 这个酒窖常年保持恒温. * an even colour 均匀的颜色* even breathing 均匀的呼吸* The child's pulse is now even. 孩子的脉搏现在稳定了. 3 (a) (of amounts, distances, values) equal （指数量、距离、价值等）相等的: Our scores are now even. 我们的分数现在相 等了. * The two horses were even in the race. 那两匹马比赛成绩相当. (b) (of two people or things) equally balanced or matched （指两个人或物）均衡的; 不相上下的: I'd say the two players are pretty even. 我认为这两个选手不相上下. * an even game 平局. 4 (of numbers) divisible by two with no remainder （指数目）偶数的: 4, 6, 8, 10, etc are even numbers. 4 、 6、 8、 10 等是偶数. Cf 参看odd. 5 (of temperament, etc) not easily upset; calm （指性情等）稳定的, 温和的: of an even disposition 性情平和的 * She has a very even temper. 她的性情非常温和. * an even-tempered baby 温顺的婴儿. 6 (idm 习语) an even `chance (of doing sth) an equally balanced probability (of sth happening or not) （某事发生与否的）可能性相等: I'd say he has an even chance of winning the match. 我认为她赢这场比赛有一半的机会. be/get even (with sb) have/get one's revenge on sb 向（某人）报复: Bill swore he'd get even with his brother, who'd played a dirty trick on him. 比尔上了哥哥的当, 发誓要报复. break `even make neither a loss nor a profit 不赔不赚: It will be a year before the firm makes a profit but at least it's breaking even. 这家公司一年以后才能赢 利, 现在至少已不赔不赚了. even `chances/`odds/`money (also evens) (a) (in betting) equal probability of a horse, etc winning or losing （下赌注时）（赛马等）输赢的可能性相等: It's even money whether the new horse comes first or last. 这匹新马跑得最快或最慢的可能性是相同的. (b) equal probability of sth happening or not happening 某事发生与否的可能性相等: It's even odds/The odds are even that he'll be late. 他有一半的可能性要迟到. honours are even => honour1. on an even `keel (a) (of a ship) without movement to one side or the other （指船）不倾斜, 平稳. (b) (fig 比喻) maintaining steady undisturbed progress (in life) （生活）稳定: It took him a long time to get back on an even keel after his wife died. 他妻子死后很久他情绪才稳定下来. 7 (phr v) even out become level or regular 变得平坦或稳定: The path ran steeply up the hill and then evened out. 这条路很陡, 到山上就平坦了. * House prices keep rising and falling but they will eventually even out. 房价有涨 有落, 但终会稳定的. even sth out spread sth evenly over a period of time or among a number of people 将某事物平均分散到某段时间或分配给每个人: Payments can be evened out on a monthly basis over the year. 全部款项可以在一年中按月平均交纳. * The manager tried to even out the distribution of work among his employees. 经理把工作尽量平均分配给雇员. even (sth) up (cause sth to) become even or equal （使某事物）平均或相等: That will even things up a bit, ie make them more equal. 那样就平均一些了. evenly adv in an even manner 平坦地; 均匀地; 稳定地; 相等地: evenly balanced/matched 全部平衡的 [相称的] * evenly divided/distributed 平均分开的[分配的]. evenness / 5i:vEnnIs; `ivEnnIs/ n [U]. even-handed adj. fair and impartial 公平的; 不偏不倚的: ,even-handed `justice 公平的审判. even / 5i:vn; `ivEn/ adv 1 (used to emphasize sth unexpected or surprising in what one is saying, or to invite a comparison with what might have happened, etc 用以加强出乎意料的语气或进而比较可 能发生的事) 甚至; 连; 都; 即使: He never even `opened the letter, ie so he certainly didn't read it. 他甚至都没把信打开. * He didn't answer even `my letter, ie so he certainly didn't answer any others. 他连我的信都不回. * It was cold there even in Ju`ly, ie so it must have been very cold in winter. 那 里即使七月份都很冷. * Even a child can understand the book, ie so adults certainly can. 甚至连孩 子都看得懂这本书. 2 (used to emphasize a comparative 用以加强比较级的语气) still; yet 甚至; 还: You know even less about it than I do. 你对此事知道得比我还少. * Sally drives fast, but Olive drives even faster. 萨莉开车开得很快, 奥利夫开得更快. * She's even more intelligent than her sister. 她甚至比姐姐还聪明. 3 (used to add force to a more exact or precise version of a word, phrase, etc 用以强调某词语的更精确的说法) 甚至可以说; 其实: It's an unattractive building, even ugly/ugly even. 这座建筑物很不起眼, 甚至可以说很难看. 4 (idm 习语) even a worm will turn => worm. even as (fml 文) (used as a compound conj 用作复合连词) just at the same time when (sb does sth, sth else happens) 正当; 恰恰: Even as he shouted the warning the car skidded. 就在他高喊 注意的时候, 汽车滑动了. even if/though (used as conjs 用作连词) in spite of the fact or belief that; no matter whether 即使; 纵然; 尽管: Even if I have to walk all the way I'll get there. 即使我得一路 走著去, 我也要走到那里. * I like her even though she can be annoying. 尽管她有时很恼人, 但我 还是喜欢她. ,even `now/`then (a) in addition to previously; in spite of what has/had happened, etc 即 使到这时: I've shown him the photographs but even now he won't believe me. 虽然我已给他看了照 片, 他还是不相信我. * Even then he would not admit his mistake. 即使在这种情况下, 他还不承 认错误. (b) (fml 文) (with continuous tenses only, often between the aux and the main v 仅用于进行 时态, 常置于助动词与主要动词之间) at this or that precise moment 恰恰在这时: The troops are even now preparing to march into the city. 部队恰恰在这时准备开进城去. ,even `so (used as a conj 用作连词) in spite of that; nevertheless 尽管如此; 然而; 不过: There are many spelling mistakes; even so it's quite a good essay. 这篇文章有许多拼写错误, 然而仍不失之为好文章. evening / 5i:vnIN; `ivnIN/ n 1 [C, U] part of the day between about 6p.m. and bedtime 晚上; 晚间: Oxford Dictionary Translation memory software company ForeignDesk, Okapi Framework, OmegaT, Transolution, AidTransStudio, Cafetran, Déjà Vu (DVX), Heartsome Translation Suite, MemoQ, MetaTexis, Rainbow, SDLX, SDL, STAR Transit, Trados, SDL Trados, Wordfast, WordFisher, Similis, Open Language Tools http://www.transgood.com