TransGood-Translation memory software Trados, SDL, ForeignDesk, Wordfast, WordFisher, Déjà Vu (DVX), 译佳计算机辅助翻译软件, 雅信CAT TransGood, TransMemory, Translation Software Tools, Computer-assisted translation, computer-aided translation, CAT, machine-aided translation, Translation memory software, Terminology management software, Alignment software, Software localization tools, ?bersetzung Software, Logiciels de traduction, Software di traduzione, Traducción de Software, Mémoire de traduction, Tradu??o memória, Memoria de traducción, Memoria di traduzione, Перевод Software, ForeignDesk, Okapi Framework, OmegaT, Transolution, AidTransStudio, Cafetran, Déjà Vu (DVX), Heartsome Translation Suite, MemoQ, MetaTexis, Rainbow, SDLX, SDL, STAR Transit, Trados, SDL Trados, Wordfast, WordFisher, Similis, Open Language Tools, 翻訳ソフトウェア, 翻訳メモリ, 翻译软件 辅助翻译软件 计算机辅助翻译软件 人工智能翻译 翻译工具 专业翻译软件 翻译记忆软件 塔多思 Trados SDL WordFast 雅信CAT 翻译公司 牛津词典 Oxford Dictionary 事物）熟悉; 通晓: It's my first week here so I'm not yet au fait with the system. 我刚来不到一个星 期, 对这里的制度还不太熟悉. au fond / 9EU 5fCn; 9o`fR/ adv (French 法) basically 基本上; 根本地: The problem is that, au fond, he's very lazy. 问题是他根本就很懒. au gratin / 9EU 5grAtn; o`-rAtn/ adv (French 法) cooked with a crisp coating of breadcrumbs or grated cheese 烤制成带有一层松脆的面包屑或乾酪末: cauliflower au gratin 脆皮菜花. au pair / 9EU 5peE(r); o`pZr/ person (usu from overseas) who receives board and lodging with a family in return for helping with the housework, etc 以帮做家务事等换取食宿（通常为来自海外） 的人; 换工: We've got a German au pair for six months. 我们找到了一个可以干六个月的德国换工. * [attrib 作定语] an au pair girl 做换工的姑娘. au revoir / 9EU rE5vwB:(r); 9orEv`wBr/ (French 法) goodbye until we meet again 再见: Au revoir, see you again next year! 再见, 明年见! aubergine / 5EUbEVi:n; `obL9Vin/ (also esp US egg-plant) n [C, U] (a) large (almost egg-shaped) dark purple fruit, used as a vegetable 茄子（果实）. (b) plant producing this fruit 茄子（植物）. aubrietia / R:5bri:FE; R`briFE/ n small perennial plant that flowers in spring and is often grown on stone walls, rockeries, etc 紫花荠（矮小的多年生植物, 春季开花, 常生长于石壁, 假山等上面）. auburn / 5R:bEn; `RbLn/ adj (esp of hair) reddish-brown （尤指毛发）红褐色的. auction / 5R:kFn, also 5CkFn; `RkFEn/ n 1 [U] method of selling things in which each item is sold to the person who offers the most money for it 拍卖（方式）: The house is up for auction/will be sold by auction. 这所房子将要拍卖. * It should fetch (ie be sold for) 100000 at auction. 拍卖它可得 100000 英镑. 2 [C] (also `auction sale) public event when this takes place 拍卖: attend all the local auctions 参加本地所有的拍卖活动. auction v. 1 [Tn] sell (sth) by auction 拍卖. 2 (phr v) auction sth off sell (esp surplus or unwanted goods) by auction 拍卖掉（尤指剩余的或多余的物资）: The Army is auctioning off a lot of old equipment. 军队正在把大量旧装备拍卖掉. auctioneer / 9R:kFE5nIE(r); 9RkFEn`Ir/ n person whose job is conducting auctions 拍卖人. auction bridge form of bridge in which players bid for the right to name trumps 竞叫桥牌（桥牌戏的一种, 谁叫牌 最高就由谁定王牌）. audacious / R:5deIFEs; R`deFEs/ adj 1 showing a willingness to take risks; daring; fearless 有冒险 精神的; 大胆的; 无畏的: an audacious plan, scheme, etc 大胆的计划, 设计等. 2 impudent; recklessly bold 厚颜无耻的; 鲁莽的: an audacious remark 放肆的话. audaciously adv. audacity / R:5dAsEtI; R`dAsEtI/ n [U]: He had the audacity to tell me I was too fat. 他竟然胆敢对 我说我太肥胖. audible / 5R:dEbl; `RdEbl/ adj that can be heard clearly 听得见的: Her voice was scarcely audible above the noise of the wind. 在风声中, 她的声音几乎听不见. audibility / 9R:dE5bIlEtI; 9RdE`bIlEtI/ n [U]. audibly /-EblI; -EblI/ adv. audience / 5R:dIEns; `RdIEns/ n 1 [CGp] group of people who have gathered together to hear or watch sb/sth 听众; 观众: The audience was/were enthusiastic on the opening night of the play. 那出 戏首次公演之夜观众非常热情. * She has addressed audiences all over the country. 她曾向全国各 地的听众演讲. 2 [C] number of people who watch, read or listen to the same thing 看著或听著同 一事物的人们: An audience of millions watched the royal wedding on TV. 数以百万计的人们在电 视上观看皇家婚礼. * His book reached an even wider audience when it was filmed for television. 他 的书拍成电视以后, 使读者范围扩大到观众了. 3 [C] formal interview with a ruler or an important person 与统治者或要人的正式会见; 觐见; 谒见: request an audience with the Queen 请 求觐见女王* grant a private audience to a foreign ambassador 准予外国大使私人谒见. audio- : comb form 构词成分of hearing or sound 听觉的; 声音的: audio-visual. audio frequency / 9R:dIEU 5fri:kwEnsI; 9RdIo `frikwEnsI/ (radio) frequency that can be heard when converted into sound waves by a loudspeaker 成音频率; 音频. audio typist / 5R:dIEU taIpIst; `RdIo 9taIpIst/ person who listens to a tape recording and types what is heard 录音打字员（听录音打字的人员）. audio-visual / 9R:dIEU 5vIVUEl; 9RdIo `vIVJEl/ adj (abbr 缩写AV) using both sight and sound 视 觉听觉的; 视听的: ,audio-visual `aids for the classroom, eg cassette recorders, video recorders, pictures, etc 课堂视听教具（如盒式录音机, 录相机, 图片等）. audit / 5R:dIt; `RdIt/ n official (usu yearly) examination of accounts to see that they are in order （政 府的）审计, 查帐（通常为一年一度的）. audit v. [Tn] examine (accounts, etc) officially 审计, 查核（帐目等）. audition / R:5dIFn; R`dIFEn/ n trial hearing of a person who wants to perform as an actor, a singer, a musician, etc （对拟做演员, 歌手, 乐师等人的）试听, 试音: I'm going to the audition but I don't expect I'll get a part. 我去试音, 可并不指望会给我个角色演出. audition v. 1 [I] take part in an audition 试音: Which part are you auditioning for? 你扮什么角色 试音? 2 [Tn] give an audition to (sb) 试听: None of the actresses we've auditioned is suitable. 我们 试听的这些女演员都不合适. auditor / 5R:dItE(r); `RdItL/ n person who audits accounts 审计员; 查帐人. auditorium / 9R:dI5tR:rIEm; 9RdE`tRrIEm/ n part of a theatre, concert hall, etc in which an audience sits 观众席; 听众席. auditory / 5R:dItrI; ?@ -tR:rI; `RdE9tRrI/ adj of or concerned with hearing 听觉的; 关于听觉的: the auditory nerve 听觉神经. Aug abbr. 缩写 = August: 31 Aug 1908 1908 年8 月31 日. auger / 5R:gE(r); `R-L/ n tool for boring holes in wood, like a gimlet but larger 螺旋钻; 麻花钻. aught / R:t; Rt/ pron (arch 古) 1 anything 任何事物. 2 (idm 习语) for aught/all sb knows => know. augment / R:g5ment; R-`mZnt/ v [Tn] (fml 文) make (sth) larger in number or size; increase 增多; 增大; 增加: augment one's income by writing reviews 藉写书评而增加收入. augmentation / 9R:gmen5teIFn; 9R-mZn`teFEn/ n(fml 文) 1 [U] action of augmenting or being augmented 增多; 增大; 增加. 2 [C] thing that is added to sth 增加物. Augustan / R:5gQstEn; R`-QstEn/ adj 1 of the reign of Augustus Caesar, when Latin literature flourished （拉丁文学全盛时期的）奥古斯都·恺撒统治时期的. 2 (of any literature) classical(1); stylish （指任何文学）经典的, 典雅的: The Augustan age of English literature includes the writers Dryden, Swift and Pope. 在英国文学的全盛时期有德莱顿, 斯威夫特和蒲柏等文豪. auk / R:k; Rk/ n northern sea-bird with short narrow wings 海雀（北方海鸟, 翅短而窄）. auld lang syne / 9R:ld lN 5saIn; 9Rld lAN `saIn/ (Scot 苏格兰) (title of a popular song sung esp at the beginning of each new year and expressing feelings of friendship for the sake of) good times long ago 美好的往日（歌曲名, 尤于新年时及抒发对往日友谊之情时唱的）. aunt / B:nt; ?@ Ant; Ant/ 1 (a) n sister of one's father or mother; wife of one's uncle 姑母; 姨母; 伯母; 婶母; 舅母: Aunt Mary is my mother's sister. 玛丽姨母是我母亲的妹妹. =>App 8 见附录8. (b) woman whose brother or sister has a child 身为姑母或姨母的女子. 2 (infml 口) (used by children, usu in front of a first name 儿童用语, 通常用于被称呼者名前, 不与姓同称) unrelated woman friend, esp of one's parents 阿姨, 姑姑（尤指父母的朋友）. auntie (also aunty) / 5B:ntI; ?@ 5AntI; `AntI/ n (infml 口) = aunt. Aunt Sally 1 wooden figure used as a target in a throwing-game at fairs, etc 在游乐场等处用作投掷游戏目标的 木偶. 2 (fig 比喻) person or thing that is subjected to general abuse and criticism, often undeserved 广为人指责的人或事物（常为代人受过者）; 替罪羊; 替死鬼: Any public figure risks being made an Aunt Sally by the popular press. 任何知名人士都要冒风险, 会成为通俗刊物的众矢之的. aura / 5R:rE; `RrE/ n distinctive atmosphere that seems to surround and be caused by a person or thing （发自某人或某物而环绕其周围的）特殊气氛; 氛围: She always seems to have an aura of happiness about her. 她好像总是喜气洋洋的. aural / 5R:rEl or, rarely, 罕读作5aUrEl; `RrEl/ adj of or concerning the ear or hearing 耳的或听觉 的; 关于耳的或听觉的: an aural surgeon 耳科外科医师* aural comprehension tests 听力测验. aurally adv. aureola / R:5rIElE; R`riElE/ (also aureole / 5R:rIEUl; `RrI9ol/) n (pl ~s) 1 = halo. 2 = corona. auricular / R:5rIkjUlE(r); R`rIkjElL/ adj of or like the ear 耳的; 耳状的: an auricular confession, ie one spoken privately into the ear of a priest 秘密忏悔（向神父秘密耳语忏悔）. aurora / R:5rR:rE; R`rRrE/ n 1 au,rora bore`alis / bR:rI5eIlIs; 9bRrI`elIs/ (also the northern lights) bands of coloured light, mainly red and green, seen in the sky at night near the North Pole and caused by electrical radiation 北极光（在北极上空夜晚可见由电辐射产生的带状彩色光, 以红绿为主）. 2 au,rora au`stralis/ C5streIlIs; Rs`trelIs/ similar lights seen in the southern hemisphere 南极光（在南 半球可见的类似的光）. auspices / 5R:spIsIz; `RspIsIz/ n [pl] (idm 习语) under the auspices of sb/sth helped and supported by sb/sth; having sb/sth as a patron 在某人[某事物]的帮助或支持下; 有某人[某事物]赞助的: set up a business under the auspices of a government aid scheme 在政府援助计划资助下创办公司. under favourable, etc auspices with favourable, etc prospects 有吉利等的希望: The committee began its work under unfavourable auspices. 委员会工作伊始即十分不利. auspicious / R:5spIFEs; R`spIFEs/ adj showing signs of future success; favourable; promising 吉利的; 吉祥的; 有前途的: I'm pleased that you've made such an auspicious start to the new term. 你新学期 开门红使我很高兴. Aussie / 5CzI; `RsI/ n, adj (infml 口) (native or inhabitant) of Australia 澳大利亚的（土著或居民）. austere / C5stIE(r), also R:5stIE(r); R`stIr/ adj 1 (of a person or his behaviour) severely and strictly moral; having no pleasures or comforts （指人或行为）束身自修的, 苦行的: monks leading simple, austere lives 过著清苦生活的僧侣. 2 (of a building or place) very simple and plain; without ornament or comfort （指建筑物或地方）简朴的, 无装饰的, 简陋的: The room was furnished in austere style. 这间屋子的陈设都很简单朴素. austerely adv. austerity / C5sterEtI, also R:5sterEtI; R`stZrEtI/ n 1 [U] quality of being austere 简朴; 紧缩: the austerity of the Government's economic measures 政府经济措施方面的紧缩* War was followed by many years of austerity. 战争结束后还要过多年的紧日子. 2 [C usu pl 通常作复数] condition, activity or practice that is part of an austere way of life 节衣缩食; 艰苦朴素: Wartime austerities included food rationing and shortage of fuel. 战时的艰苦包括食物配给和燃料短缺. Australian / C5streIlIEn, also R:5streIlIEn; R`streljEn/ n, adj (native or inhabitant) of Australia 澳大 利亚的（土著或居民）. Australian Rules Australian game, similar to Rugby and played by two teams of 18 players 澳大利亚规则（澳大利亚 式足球运动, 类似橄榄球, 由两队各18 人参赛）. Austro- : comb form 构词成分 Austrian; of Austria 奥地利的: the Austro-Hungarian empire. aut(o)- : comb form 构词成分 1 of oneself 自己的: autobiography * autograph. 2 by oneself or itself; independent(ly) 靠自己的; 由本身的; 独自的（地）: autocracy * automobile. authentic / R:5WentIk; R`WZntIk/ adj 1 known to be true or genuine 真实的; 真正的: an authentic document, signature, painting 正式文件, 亲笔签字, 原作绘画. 2 trustworthy; reliable 可信的; 可靠的: an authentic statement 可靠的陈述. authentically / -klI; -klI/ adv. authenticity / 9R:Wen5tIsEtI; 9RWEn`tIsEtI/ n [U] quality of being authentic 真实性; 可靠性; 确 实性: The authenticity of the manuscript is beyond doubt. 手稿的真实性是毋庸置疑的. authenticate / Rractical experience of sth 对某事物没有实际经验的: armchair critics 空谈的批评家 * an armchair traveller, ie sb who reads or hears about travel but does not travel himself 神游旅行者 （只阅读或听说关于旅游的事而不亲身旅行的人）* armchair theatre, eg plays on radio or TV 广 播剧（如无线电或电视广播的戏剧）. author / 5R:WE(r); `RWL/ n 1 writer of a book, play, etc （书, 剧本等的）著者, 作家: Dickens is my favourite author. 狄更斯是我最喜爱的作家. 2 person who creates or begins sth, esp a plan or an idea 创造者; 创始者; 发起人: As the author of the scheme I can't really comment. 我作为这一 计划的创始人是不便置评的. authoress / 5R:WErIs; `RWLIs/ n woman author 女作家. authorship n. [U] 1 origin of a book, etc （书等的）来源, 出处, 作者: The authorship of this poem is not known. 这首诗出处不详. 2 state of being an author 作家或创始者的身分. authorize, authorise / 5R:WEraIz; `RWE9raIz/ v 1 [Tn, Dn.t] give authority to (sb) 授权; 委任; 委 托: I have authorized him to act for me while I am away. 我已经委托他当我不在的时候代我处理. 2 [Tn] give authority for (sth); sanction 批准; 认可: authorize a payment 批准付款* Has this visit been authorized? 这次访问获准了吗? authorization, -isation / 9R:WEraI5zeIFn; ?@ -rI5z-;9RWErE`zeFEn/ n 1 [U] action of authorizing 授权; 委任; 委托. 2 ~ (for sth/to do sth) (a) [U] power given to sb to do sth 授予某人做某事的权 力. (b) [C] document, etc giving this 授权书; 委任状; 委托书: May I see your authorization for this? 我可以看看你做这件事的授权书吗? the Authorized Version ( abbr 缩写AV) the English translation of the Bible first published in 1611 and authorized by King James I for use in churches 钦定英译本（《圣经》的英译本, 首次出版于 1611 年, 由英王詹姆士一世钦定用于宗教仪式中）. authoritarian / R:9WCrI5teErIEn; R9WBrE`tZrIEn/ adj favouring complete obedience to authority (esp that of the State) before personal freedom 权力主义的（主张绝对服从权威, 尤指政权, 高于个 人自由）: an authoritarian government, regime, doctrine 权力主义的政府, 政体, 教义等 * The school is run on authoritarian lines. 这所学校走的是权力主义路线. authoritarian n. person who believes in complete obedience to authority 权力主义者: My father was a strict authoritarian. 我父亲是绝对的权力主义者. authoritarianism n. [U]. authoritative / R:5WCrEtEtIv; ?@ -teItIv; R`WBrE9tetIv/ adj 1 having authority; that can be trusted; reliable 有权力的; 有权威的; 可相信的; 可靠的: information from an authoritative source 来自权 威方面的消息. 2 given with authority; official 权威的; 官方的; 当局的: authoritative instructions, orders, etc 官方的指示, 命令等. 3 showing or seeming to show authority 显示权力的; 好像显示 权威的: an authoritative tone of voice 权威式的口吻. authoritatively adv. authority / R:5WCrEtI; R`WBrEtI/ n 1 [U] (a) power to give orders and make others obey 权力; 权 威: The leader must be a person of authority. 领袖必须是有权威的人. * She now has authority over the people she used to take orders from. 她现在有权力支配那些一贯向她发号施令的人. * Who is in authority (ie holds the position of command) now? 现在谁掌权? * I am acting under her authority, ie following her orders. 我受她支配. (b) ~ (to do sth) right to act in a specific way 职权; 权限: Only the treasurer has authority to sign cheques. 只有司库有权签署支票. * We have the authority to search this building. 我们有权搜查这座建筑物. 2 [C often pl 常作复数] person or group having the power to give orders or take action 有权力发号施令的人或团体; 当局; 官方: He's in the care of the local authority. 他归地方当局管. * The health authorities are investigating the matter. 卫生当局 正调查这件事. * I shall have to report this to the authorities. 我得把这事向当局报告. 3 [C] (a) person with special knowledge 具有专门知识的人; 权威: She's an authority on phonetics. 她是语 音学权威. (b) book, etc that can supply reliable information or evidence 可提供可靠资料或证据的 书籍等; 权威著作: What is your authority for that statement? 你的说法出处何在? * Always quote your authorities, ie give the names of books, people, etc used as sources for facts. 引用资料一定要注 明出处（即注明书名, 人名等, 用作论据的出处）. autism / 5R:tIzEm; `RtIzEm/ n [U] (psychology 心) serious mental illness, esp of children, in which one becomes unable to communicate or form relationships with others 自向症, 孤独症（严重的精神 病, 尤见于儿童, 患者无法与他人交往）. autistic / R:5tIstIk; R`tIstIk/ adj (psychology 心) suffering from autism 患自向症的. auto / 5R:tEU; `Rto/ n (pl ~s) (infml 口esp US) car 汽车. auto-suggestion / 9R:tEU sE5dVestFEn; 9RtosE`dVZstFEn/ n [U] (psychology 心) process by which a person under hypnosis or subconsciously suggests to himself a way of changing his own behaviour 自我暗示（处于催眠状态中或下意识地暗示自己改变行为）. autobahn / 5R:tEbB:n; `RtE9bBn/ n motorway in Germany, Austria or Switzerland （德国, 奥地利或 瑞士的）高速公路. autobiography / 9R:tEbaI5CgrEfI; 9RtEbaI`B-rEfI/ n 1 [C] story of a person's life written by that person 自传: She has just written her autobiography. 她刚写完自传. 2 [U] this type of writing 自 传写作. autobiographic / 9R:tEbaIE5grAfIk; 9RtE9baIE`-rAfIk/,autobiographical / -Ikl; -Ikl/ adjs of or concerning autobiography 自传的; 有关自传的: His novels are largely autobiographical, ie though fictional they describe many of his own experiences. 他的小说大多是自传式的（即虽属虚构, 但却 描述许多亲身经历）. autocracy / R:5tCkrEsI; R`tBkrEsI/ n (a) [U] government by one person with unlimited power; despotism 独裁政体; 专制政治. (b) [C] country governed in this way 独裁国家; 专制国家. autocrat / 5R:tEkrAt; `RtE9krAt/ n 1 ruler of an autocracy 独裁者; 专制君主. 2 person who gives orders without consulting others and expects to be obeyed at all times 专横霸道的人. autocratic / 9R:tE5krtIk; 9RtE`krAtIk/ adj. autocratically / -klI; -klI/ adv. autocross / 5R:tEUkrCs; `RtokrRs/ n [U] sport of motor-racing across country 汽车越野比赛. Autocue / 5R:tEUkju:; `Rtokju/ n (propr 专利名) device next to the camera from which a person speaking on TV can read the script without having to learn it 自动提示器（电视摄像机旁的一种装 置, 电视上的讲话者可从中读出讲稿或台词而不必死记硬背）. Cf 参看 teleprompter. autograph / 5R:tEgrB:f; ?@ -grAf; `RtE9-rAf/ n person's signature or handwriting, esp when kept as a souvenir 亲笔签名, 手迹（尤指为留作纪念者）: I've got lots of famous footballers' autographs. 我 有许多著名足球运动员的亲笔签名. * [attrib 作定语] an autograph book/album 签名簿[册]. autograph v. [Tn] write one's name on or in (sth) 在（某物）上签名; 签名于（某物）: an autographed copy 签过名的一份. automat / 5R:tEmAt; `RtE9mAt/ n (US) restaurant in which customers get their own food from closed compartments by putting coins in slots to open them 自助餐馆（一种饭馆, 顾客在投币孔中投入硬 币便可打开食品分隔柜门而自行取出食品）. automate / 5R:tEmeIt; `RtE9met/ v [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] cause (sth) to operate by automation 使（某事物）自动操作: This part of the assembly process is now fully automated. 装配 过程的这一部分现在是全自动的. automatic / 9R:tE5mAtIk; 9RtE`mAtIk/ adj 1 (of a machine) working by itself without direct human control; self-regulating （指机器）自动的; 自动调整的: an automatic washing-machine 自动洗衣 机* automatic gears, ie in a motor vehicle 自动排挡（机动车辆中的自动变速装置） * an automatic rifle, ie one that continues firing as long as the trigger is pressed 自动步枪（只要一直扣住扳机便可 连续射击的步枪）. 2 (of actions) done without thinking, esp from habit or routine; unconscious （指 动作）未加思索而做出的（尤指基于习惯或因袭陈规者）; 无意识的: For most of us breathing is automatic. 我们大多数人的呼吸都是无意识的. 3 following necessarily 必然随之而来的: A fine for this offence is automatic. 对于这种过失, 罚款是必然的. automatic n. 1 automatic machine or gun or tool 自动的机器或枪炮或工具. 2 car with automatic transmission 自动汽车（有自动变速器的汽车）. automatically / -klI; -klI/ adv. automatic pilot device in an aircraft or a ship to keep it on a set course without human control （飞行器或轮船上的） 自动驾驶仪. automatic transmission system in a motor vehicle that changes the gears automatically 自动变速器（机动车辆中的自动换挡 系统）. automation / 9R:tE5meIFn; 9RtE`meFEn/ n [U] use of automatic equipment and machines to do work previously done by people 自动化（用自动设备和机器做以前需要人来做的工作）: Automation will mean the loss of many jobs in this factory. 自动化将意味著这个工厂要减少许多工作职位. automaton / R:5tCmEtEn; ?@ -tCn; R`tBmE9tBn/ n (pl ~s or -ta / -tE; -tE/) 1 = robot 1. 2 (fig 比喻) person who seems to act mechanically and without thinking 看上去动作呆板而又不动脑筋的 人. Cf 参看 robot 2. automobile / 5R:tEmEbi:l; also ,R:tEmE5bi:l; 5RtEmE9bil/ n (esp US) =car1 汽车. autonomous / R:5tCnEmEs; R`tBnEmEs/ adj self-governing; acting independently 自治的; 自主的; 独立的: an alliance of autonomous states 自治州联盟. autonomy / R:5tCnEmI; R`tBnEmI/ n [U] self-government; independence 自治; 自主; 独立: Branch managers have full autonomy in their own areas. 分支机构的经理在其管辖范围内有充分的自主 权. autopsy / 5R:tCpsI; `RtBpsI/ n examination of a dead body to learn the cause of death; post-mortem (为了解死亡原因而做的)尸体剖检; 验尸: [attribute 作定语] an autopsy report 尸检报告 Cf 参看 biopsy. autostrada / 5R:tEUstrB:dE; 9Rto`strBdE/ n (Italian 意) motorway in Italy （意大利的）高速公路. autumn / 5R:tEm; `RtEm/ (US fall) n [U, C] the third season of the year, coming between summer and winter, ie from September to November in the northern hemisphere 秋, 秋天, 秋季（一年的第三季, 在北半球为从九月至十一月）: The leaves turn brown in autumn. 秋天树叶变黄. * in the autumn of 1980 在1980 年的秋天* in (the) early/late autumn 在初[晚]秋* It's been one of the coldest autumns for years. 这是多年来最冷的秋天. * [attrib 作定语] autumn colours, weather, fashions 秋 季的色彩, 天气, 流行式样 * (fig 比喻) in the autumn of (ie the later part of) one's life 在暮年（晚 年）. autumnal / R:5tQmnEl; R`tQmnl/ adj [usu pred 通常作表语] of or like autumn 秋天; 像秋天: The weather in June was positively autumnal. 那六月的天气真像秋天似的. auxiliary / R:g5zIlIErI; R-`zIlErI/ adj giving help or support; additional 帮助的; 辅助的; 附加的; 副的: auxiliary troops 辅助部队* an auxiliary nurse 助理护士* an auxiliary generator in case of power cuts 万一断电时使用的备用发电机. auxiliary n. 1 [C] person or thing that helps 辅助的人或事物; 辅助者: medical auxiliaries 医疗 辅助人员[设备]. 2 auxiliaries [pl] additional (esp foreign or allied) troops used by a country at war （尤指战时外国或同盟国的）援军. 3 [C] (also au,xiliary `verb) verb used with main verbs to show tense, mood, etc, and to form questions, eg do and has in Do you know where he has gone? 助动词 （与主要动词连用表示时态, 语气等, 也用以构成问句, 如在Do you know where he has gone? 句 中的do 和has）. AV / 9eI 5vi:; 9e`vi/ abbr 缩写 = 1 audio-visual. 2 Authorized Version (of the Bible). avail / E5veIl; E`vel/ v 1 [Tn.pr] ~ oneself of sth (fml 文) make use of sth; take advantage of sth 使 用某事物; 利用某事物: You must avail yourself of every opportunity to speak English. 你要利用一 切机会说英语. 2 [I, Ipr] (dated 旧) be of value or help 有价值; 有帮助; 有用: What can avail against the storm? 用什么来抵挡风暴? 3 (idm 习语) a,vail sb `nothing (dated 旧) be of no use to sb 对某人无用. avail n. (idm 习语) of little/no a`vail not very/not at all helpful or effective 没有多大[一点儿]帮助, 用处或效果: The advice we got was of no avail. 我们得到的建议完全没用. to little/no a`vail; without a`vail with little/no success 没有什么成果[没有成果]: The doctors tried everything to keep him alive but to no avail. 医生们曾竭尽全力抢救他的生命, 但却徒劳无功. available / E5veIlEbl; E`velEbl/ adj 1 (of things) that can be used or obtained （指物）可用的或可 得到的: Tickets are available at the box office. 票房有票. * You will be informed when the book becomes available. 这本书有货时就通知你. * This was the only available room. 只剩下那个房间 可用了. 2 (of people) free to be seen, talked to, etc （指人）可会见的, 可与之交谈的等: I'm available in the afternoon. 我下午有空. * The Prime Minister was not available for comment. 首相 无暇作出评论. availability / E9veIlE5bIlEtI; E9velE`bIlEtI/ n [U]. avalanche / 5AvElB:nF; ?@ -lAntF; `Avl9AntF/ n mass of snow, ice and rock that slides rapidly down the side of a mountain 雪崩; 山崩: Yesterday's avalanche killed a party of skiers and destroyed several trees. 昨天的雪崩造成一批滑雪者死亡, 并毁坏了一些树木. * (fig 比喻) We received an avalanche of letters in reply to our advertisement. 广告登出后, 我们收到雪片般涌来的大批信件. avant-garde / 9AvCN 5gB:d; 9AvBn`-Brd/ adj favouring new and progressive ideas, esp in art and literature 先锋的, 先驱的（尤指在文学艺术方面）: avant-garde writers, artists, etc 先锋作家, 艺 术家等* the avant-garde movement 先驱运动. avant-garde n. [CGp] group of people introducing such ideas 先锋派: a member of the avant-garde 先锋派成员. avarice / 5AvErIs; `AvErIs/ n [U] (fml 文) greed for wealth or gain 贪婪; 贪心: Avarice makes rich people want to become even richer. 贪婪使富人想要更富. avaricious / 9AvE5rIFEs; 9AvE`rIFEs/ adj. avariciously adv. avdp abbr. 缩写 = avoirdupois. Ave abbr. 缩写= Avenue: 5 St George's Ave 圣乔治大街5 号. avenge / E5vendV; E`vZndV/ v 1 [Tn] take or get revenge for (a wrong done to sb/oneself) 为（某人 [自己]的冤屈）报仇, 伸冤, 雪耻: She avenged her father's murder. 她为其父被谋杀而复了仇. 2 [Tn.pr] ~ oneself on sb/sth take or get revenge on sb/sth for such a wrong 向某人[某事物]报仇, 报 复: She avenged herself on her father's killers. 她向杀父之人报了仇. avenger n. avenue / 5AvEnju:; ?@ -nu:; `AvE9nu/ n 1 wide road or path, often lined with trees, esp one that leads to a large house （常为两旁有树的）大道, 林荫道（尤指通往一宅门者）. 2 (abbr 缩写 Ave) wide street lined with trees or tall buildings （两旁有树木或高楼的）大街. =>Usage at road 用法见 road. 3 way of approaching or making progress towards sth 途径; 手段: an avenue to success, fame, etc 成功, 成名等之路* Several avenues are open to us. 我们面前有几条可行之路. * We have explored every avenue. 我们已经探索过了各种途径. aver / E5v\:(r); E`v[/ v (-rr-) [Tn, Tf] (fml 文) state (sth) firmly and positively; assert 断言; 主张; 坚 称. average / 5AvErIdV; `AvErIdV/ n 1 [C] result of adding several amounts together and dividing the total by the number of amounts 平均; 平均数: The average of 4, 5 and 9 is 6. 4 5 9 三个数的平 均数是6. 2 [U] standard or level regarded as usual 一般水平; 平均水准: These marks are well above/below average. 这些分数远在一般水平以上[以下]. 3 (idm 习语) the law of averages => law. on (the) `average taking account of use, performance, etc over a period 按平均数计算: We fail one student per year on average. 我们平均每年有一个学生不及格. average adj. 1 [attrib 作定语] found by calculating the average 平均的: The average age of the students is 19. 学生的平均年龄是19 岁. * The average temperature in Oxford last month was 18C. 牛津上月的平均气温是18C. 2 of the ordinary or usual standard 一般标准的; 普通的; 平常的: children of average intelligence 智力一般的儿童* Rainfall is about average for the time of year. 对 一年中的这个时候来说, 降雨量还算普通. average v. 1 [I, Tn] find the average of (sth) 求（某事物）的平均数; 平均: I've done some averaging to reach these figures. 我平均以后得出这些数. 2 [Tn no passive 不用于被动语态] do or amount to (sth) as an average measure or rate 平均值为; 平均为: This car averages 40 miles to the gallon. 这辆汽车平均每加仑可行40 英里. * The rainfall averages 36 inches a year. 年降雨量平均 为36 英寸. 3 (phr v) average `out (at sth) result in an average (of sth) 达到（某事物的）平均数; 以 （某事物）的平均数为结果: Meals average out at 5 per head. 膳食平均每人5 英镑. * Sometimes I pay, sometimes he pays it seems to average out (ie result in a fair balance) in the end. 有时我付钱, 有时他付钱--到头来似乎两相抵销. average sth out (at sth) calculate the average of sth 算出某事物 的平均数: The tax authorities averaged his profit out at 3000 a year over 5 years. 税务局算出他5 年 的平均利润为每年3000 英镑. averse / E5v\:s; E`v[s/ adj [pred 作表语] ~ to sth (fml or rhet 文或修辞) not liking sth; opposed to sth 不喜欢某事物; 反对某事物: He seems to be averse to hard work. 看来他不愿做艰苦的工作. * I'm not averse to a drop of whisky after dinner. 我倒不反对饭后喝点儿威士忌. aversion / E5v\:Fn; ?@ E5v\:rVn; E`v[VEn/ n 1 [C, U] ~ (to sb/sth) strong dislike 厌恶; 嫌恶: I've always had an aversion to getting up early. 我从来就厌恶早起. * He took an immediate aversion to his new boss. 他对新老板一见就反感. 2 [C] thing that is disliked 讨厌的事物: Smoking is one of my pet (ie particular, personal) aversions. 吸烟是我特别讨厌的事. avert / E5v\:t; E`v[t/ v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) turn sth away 将（某事物）移开: avert one's eyes/gaze/glance from the terrible sight 转移目光, 不看那可怕的情景. 2 [Tn] prevent (sth); avoid 防止（某事物）; 避免: avert an accident, a crisis, a disaster, etc by prompt action 迅速采取行动以 避免事故, 危险, 灾祸等* He managed to avert suspicion. 他设法避嫌. aviary / 5eIvIErI; ?@ -vIerI; `evI9ZrI/ n large cage or building for keeping birds in, eg in a zoo 大鸟 笼, 鸟舍（如动物园中者）. aviation / 9eIvI5EIFn; 9evI`eFEn/ n [U] 1 science or practice of flying aircraft 航空学; 航空. 2 design and manufacture of aircraft 飞行器的设计与制造: [attrib 作定语] the aviation business/industry 飞机制造业. aviator / 5eIvIeItE(r); `evI9etL/ n (dated 旧) person who flies an aircraft as the pilot or one of the crew 飞行器驾驶员; 空勤人员. avid / 5AvId; `AvId/ adj ~ (for sth) eager; greedy 渴望的; 贪婪的: an avid collector of old coins 对 旧钱币求之若渴的收藏家* avid for news of her son 渴望得到她儿子的消息. avidity / E5vIdEtI; E`vIdEtI/ n [U] (fml 文) eagerness 热望; 贪婪. avidly adv: She reads avidly. 她如饥似渴地读书. avionics / 9eIvI5CnIks; 9evi`BnIks/ n [sing v] science of electronics applied to aviation 航空电子学. avocado / 9AvE5kB:dEU; 9AvE`kBdo/ n (pl ~s) pear-shaped tropical fruit 梨（一种梨形的热带水果, 又名油梨）. avoid / E5vRId; E`vRId/ v 1 [Tn, Tg] (a) keep oneself away from (sb/sth) 避开, 躲避（某人[某事 物]）: avoid (driving in) the centre of town 避开市中心（行驶）* I think he's avoiding me. 我觉得 他躲著我. (b) stop (sth) happening; prevent 防止发生（某事物）; 预防: Try to avoid accidents. 尽 量防止发生事故. * I just avoided running over the cat. 我差一点儿轧著猫. 2 (idm 习语) avoid sb/sth like the `plague (infml 口) try very hard not to meet sb/sth 极力回避, 尽量躲开某人[某事物]: He's been avoiding me like the plague since our quarrel. 我们吵架以后, 他一直如避蛇蝎似的躲著 我. avoidable adj. that can be avoided 可避免的. avoidance n. [U] act of avoiding 回避; 躲避: tax avoidance, ie managing to pay the minimum amount of tax required by law 逃税. avoirdupois / 9AvEdE5pRIz; 9AvLdE`pRIz/ n [U] (abbr 缩写avdp) non-metric system of weights based on the pound, equal to 16 ounces or 7000 grains 常衡（非公制的衡制, 基于1 磅等于16 盎司 或7000 谷）. =>App 5 见附录5. avow / E5vaU; E`vaJ/ v [Tn, Cn.n, Cn.t] (fml 文) declare (sth) openly; admit 公开宣称（某事物）; 承认: avow one's belief, faith, conviction, etc 公开表示相信, 信仰, 服理等* avow oneself (to be) a socialist 公开宣布自己是社会主义者* The avowed aim of this Government is to reduce taxation. 这届政府所宣称的目标是减少税收. avowal n. (fml 文) (a) [U] open declaration 公开宣称; 公开表示. (b) [C] instance of this 公开宣 称; 公开表示: make an avowal of his love 公开表示他的爱情. avowedly / E5vaUIdlI; E`vaJIdlI/ adv (fml 文) admittedly; openly 公开承认地; 公开地: avowedly responsible for an error 公开承认错误. T and AVR (also TAVR) abbr. 缩写= (Brit) Territorial and Army Volunteer Reserve 本土军暨陆 军志愿后备队. avuncular / E5vQNkjUlE(r); E`vQNkjElL/ adj (fml 文) of or like an uncle, esp in manner 叔伯的, 像叔伯的（尤指举止态度）: He adopts an avuncular tone of voice when giving advice to junior colleagues. 他用长辈的口气劝告年轻的同事. AWACS / 5eIwAks; `ewAks/ abbr 缩写= airborne warning and control system 机载警报和控制系 统: planes fitted with AWACS 装有机载警报和控制系统的飞机. await / E5weIt; E`wet/ v [Tn] (fml 文) 1 (of a person) wait for (sb/sth) （指人）等候, 等待（某人 [某事物]）: awaiting instructions, results, a reply 等候指示, 结果, 答覆. 2 be ready or waiting for (sb/sth) 准备以待, 期待（某人[某事物]）: A warm welcome awaits all our customers. 对我们所有 的顾客准备好了热烈的欢迎. * A surprise awaited us on our arrival. 我们到达的时候, 等待著我们 的是一件出乎意料的事. awake / E5weIk; E`wek/ v (pt awoke / E5wEUk; E`wok/, pp awoken / E5wEUkEn; E`wokEn/) [I, Tn] 1 (cause a person or an animal to) stop sleeping; wake （使人或动物）醒; 弄醒: She awoke when the nurse entered the room. 护士进屋的时候, 她就醒了. * He awoke the sleeping child. 他把那个睡著 的孩子弄醒了. 2 (fig 比喻) (cause sth to) become active （使某事物）活动; 引起; 激起: The letter awoke old fears. 那封信又勾起了往日的恐惧. 3 (phr v) awake to sth become aware of sth; realize sth 对某事物觉醒, 觉悟, 醒悟; 觉察到, 领悟到, 意识到某事物: awake to the dangers, the opportunities, one's surroundings 觉察到有危险, 有机会, 意识到自己所处的环境. awake / E5weIk; E`wek/ adj [pred 作表语] 1 not asleep, esp immediately before and after sleeping 醒著（尤指刚要睡觉和刚睡完觉）: They aren't awake yet. 他们还没醒呢. * Are the children still awake? 孩子们还没睡著吗? * They're wide (ie fully) awake. 他们精神著呢（毫无睡意）. 2 ~ to sth conscious or aware of sth 对某事物觉察到的, 意识到的, 警觉的: Are you fully awake to the danger you're in? 你充分意识到自己所处的危险了吗? awaken / E5weIkEn; E`wekEn/ v 1 [I, Tn] (cause a person or an animal to) stop sleeping; waken （使人或动物）醒; 弄醒; 醒来; 醒著: We awakened to find the others had gone. 我们醒来发觉其 他人已经走了. * I was awakened by the sound of church bells. 我被教堂的钟声吵醒. * (fig 比喻) They were making enough noise to awaken the dead. 他们发出的声音大得能把死人吵醒. 2 [Tn] cause (sth) to become active 使（某事物）活动, 活跃; 引起; 激起: Her story awakened our interest. 她说的事引起了我们的兴趣. 3 (phr v) awaken sb to sth cause sb to become aware of sth 使某人 意识到某事; 唤醒某人警惕某事: awaken society to the dangers of drugs 唤醒社会警惕毒品的危 害. awakening / E5weIknIN; E`wekEnIN/ n [sing] act of realizing 觉醒; 醒悟: The discovery that her husband was unfaithful to her was a rude (ie shocking) awakening. 她发觉丈夫对自己不忠而猛醒. award / E5wR:d; E`wRrd/ v [Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) make an official decision to give sth to sb as a prize, as payment or as a punishment 颁发; 授予; 给与; 判定: The judges awarded both finalists equal points. 裁判员判定决赛双方分数相同. * The court awarded (him) damages of 50000. 法庭判给（他）50000 英镑损害赔偿费. * She was awarded a medal for bravery. 她因勇敢而获得 奖章. award n. 1 [U] decision to give sth, made by a judge, etc 裁定; 决定: the award of a scholarship 奖学金颁发决定. 2 [C] thing or amount awarded 奖品; 奖状; 奖金: She showed us the athletics awards she had won. 她给我们看她赢得的体育运动奖. * [attrib 作定语] an award presentation/ceremony 奖品的颁发[颁奖仪式]. 3 [C] (Brit) money paid to a student at university, etc to help meet living costs; grant 助学金: Mary is not eligible for an award. 玛丽没有申请助学金 的资格. aware / E5weE(r); E`wZr/ adj 1 [pred 作表语] ~ of sb/sth; ~ that... having knowledge or realization of sb/sth 对某人[某事物]知道, 明白, 觉察到, 意识到: aware of the risk, danger, threat, etc 觉察到 风险, 危险, 威胁等* Are you aware of the time? 你知道是什么时候了吗? * It happened without my being aware of it. 事情在我不知不觉中发生了. * I'm (well) aware that very few jobs are available. 我（很）清楚工作职位非常少. * She became aware that something was burning. 她发觉 有东西烧著了. * I don't think you're aware (of) how much this means to me. 我想你还不知道这对 我多么重要. 2 well-informed; interested, esp in current events 见闻广博的, 感兴趣的（尤指对时 事）: She's always been a politically aware person. 她一直非常关心政治. awareness n. [U]. awash / E5wCF; E`wBF/ adj [pred 作表语] covered or flooded with sea water, being at or near the level of the waves （因与海浪高度相当而）被海水漫过的或淹没: These rocks are awash at high tide. 这些礁石在涨潮时被海水淹没. * The ship's deck was awash in the storm. 在暴风中轮船的甲板被 海水漫过. * (fig 比喻) The sink had overflowed and the kitchen floor was awash. 洗涤槽的水溢出 来了, 厨房里满地都是水. away / E5weI; E`we/ adv part (For special uses with vs, see the v entries. 与动词搭配的特殊用法见 有关动词词条.) 1 ~ (from sb/sth) to or at a distance in space or time (from sb/sth) （在空间或时间 上）向或在离（某人[某事物]）某距离处: The sea is 2 miles away from the hotel. 大海距旅馆2 英 里. * The shops are a few minutes' walk away. 商店离此有几分钟的步行路程. * Christmas is only a week away. 圣诞节只有一个星期就到了. * They're away on holiday for 2 weeks. 他们外出度假两 星期. * Don't go away. 不要走开. * Have you cleared away your books from the table? 你把你的书 都从桌上拿开了吗? * The bright light made her look away. 这光太强 awe / R:; R/ n [U] feeling of respect combined with fear or wonder 敬畏; 惊惧: Her first view of the pyramids filled her with awe. 她初见金字塔时, 敬畏之感油然而生. * I was/lived in awe of my father until I was at least fifteen. 我至少在十五岁以前一直惧怕父亲. * My brother was much older and cleverer than me so I always held him in awe. 我哥哥比我大得多也比我聪明得多, 所以我始 终对他怀有敬畏之心. awe v. [usu passive 通常用于被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (into sth) fill sb with awe 使某人敬畏或 惊惧: awed by the solemnity of the occasion 那场合严肃得怕人* They were awed into silence by the sternness of her voice. 她严厉的声音把他们吓得鸦雀无声了. awesome / -sEm; -sEm/ adj causing awe 使人敬畏的; 使人惊惧的: His strength was awesome. 他 的力量大得怕人. awe-inspiring adj. causing awe 使人敬畏的; 使人惊惧的: an awe-inspiring sight 使人望而生畏 的情景. awestricken, awestruck adjs suddenly filled with awe 顿生敬畏的; 惊惧的. aweigh / E5weI; E`we/ adv (nautical 海) (of an anchor) hanging just above the bottom of the sea （指 锚）在刚离海底处悬著: Anchors aweigh! 起锚喽! awful / 5R:fl; `Rfl/ adj 1 extremely bad or unpleasant; terrible 极坏的; 极讨厌的; 可怕的: an awful accident, experience, shock, etc 可怕的事故, 经历, 打击等* The plight of starving people is too awful to think about. 饥民的苦境糟得不敢去想. 2 (infml 口) very bad; dreadful 很坏的; 糟 透的: What awful weather! 多么坏的天气! * I feel awful. 我觉得难受极了. * It's an awful nuisance? 讨厌透了! * The film was awful. 那个电影糟透了. 3 [attrib 作定语] (infml 口) very great 极度 的: That's an awful lot of money. 那是很多很多钱哪. * I'm in an awful hurry to get to the bank. 我 正急著去银行. awfully / 5R:flI; `RflI/ adv (infml 口) very; very much 很; 非常: awfully hot 热极了 * awfully sorry 非常抱歉* It's awfully kind of you. 多谢, 多谢. * I'm afraid I'm awfully late. 我实在太迟了. * Thanks awfully for the present. 万分感谢您的厚礼. awhile / E5waIl; ?@ E5hwaIl; E`hwaIl/ adv for a short time 一会儿; 片刻; 暂时: Stay awhile. 呆一 会儿. * We won't be leaving yet awhile, ie not for a short time. 我们暂时还不走. awkward / 5R:kwEd; `RkwLd/ adj 1 badly designed; difficult to use 设计不当的; 使用不便的; 别 扭的: The handle of this teapot has an awkward shape. 这茶壶把儿的形状真别扭. * It's an awkward door you have to bend down to go through it. 这扇门很不方便--得弯著腰才能过去. 2 causing difficulty, embarrassment or inconvenience 造成困难, 尴尬或不便的: an awkward series of bends in the road 路上一连串难走的弯* You've put me in a very awkward position. 你把我弄得很狼狈. * Please arrange the next meeting at a less awkward time. 请把下次会议时间安排得方便些. * It's very awkward of you not to play for the team tomorrow. 你明天不为本队参加比赛可太不像话了. * Stop being so awkward! 别这么别别扭扭的! 3 lacking skill or grace; clumsy 无技巧的; 不熟练 的; 不灵活的; 笨拙的: Swans are surprisingly awkward on land. 天鹅在陆地上笨得出奇. * I was always an awkward dancer. 我跳舞一向是笨手笨脚的. 4 embarrassed 尴尬的; 难为情的; 不好 意思的; 狼狈的: I realized they wanted to be alone together so I felt very awkward. 我意识到了他 们想要单独在一起, 所以觉得很尴尬. 5 (idm 习语) the `awkward age period of adolescence when young people lack confidence and have difficulty preparing for adult life 尴尬年龄（青春期的一段时 期, 青少年在此期间缺乏自信心, 难以适应成人生活）. an ,awkward `customer person or animal that is difficult or dangerous to deal with 难对付的家伙（难以应付的或危险的人或动物）. awkwardly adv. awkwardness n. [U]. awl / R:l; Rl/ n small pointed tool for making holes, esp in leather or wood 锥子. awning / 5R:nIN; `RnIN/ n canvas or plastic sheet fixed to a wall above a door or window and stretched out as a protection against rain or sun 遮篷（固定于外墙门窗上方向外伸延的帆布或塑料 篷, 作防雨或遮阳用）. awoke pt of awake. AWOL / 5eIwCl; `ewRl/ abbr 缩写= absent without leave 擅离职守; 开小差. awry / E5raI; E`raI/ adv 1 crookedly; out of position; askew 曲; 歪; 斜. 2 wrongly; amiss 出错; 失误: Our plans went awry. 我们的计划出岔子了. awry adj. [pred 作表语] crooked 扭曲; 歪; 斜: Her clothes were all awry. 她的衣服全都歪歪扭 扭的. axe ( also esp US ax) / Aks; Aks/ n 1 tool with a handle and a heavy metal blade used for chopping wood, cutting down trees, etc 斧; 斧子: (fig 比喻) apply the axe to (ie drastically reduce) local government spending 大刀阔斧削减地方政府的开支. =>illus 见插图. 2 (idm 习语) get the `axe (infml 口) be removed or dismissed, esp from a job 被解雇; 被开除: A lot of people in shipbuilding will get the axe. 造船业的很多人将被解雇. ,have an `axe to grind have private reasons for being involved in sth 有私心; 有个人打算; 另有企图: She's only doing it out of kindness she's got no particular axe to grind. 她只是出于好心--倒不是别有用心. axe (also esp US ax) v. [Tn] 1 remove (sb/sth) or dismiss (sb) 削除（某人[某事物]）; 解雇; 开 除（某人）: He/His job has been axed. 他[他的工作]已经裁减掉了. 2 greatly reduce (costs, services, etc) 大刀阔斧地削减（成本）, 精简（机构等）: School grants are to be axed next year. 学校补助 金明年将大大削减. axiom / 5AksIEm; `AksIEm/ n statement that is accepted as true without further proof or argument 公 理. axiomatic / 9AksIE5mtIk; 9AksIE`mAtIk/ adj of or like an axiom; clear and evident without needing to be proved 公理的; 像公理的; 无需证明就清楚明白的: It is axiomatic (to say) that a whole is greater than any of its parts. 整体大于其任何一部分是公理. axis / 5AksIs; `AksIs/ n (pl axes / 5Aksi:z `Aksiz/) 1 [C] imaginary line through the centre of a rotating object 轴（穿过旋转物体中心的假想的线）: The earth's axis is the line between the North and South Poles. 地轴是南北极之间的线. =>illus at globe 见globe 之插图. 2 [C] line that divides a regular figure into two symmetrical parts 轴线（将一匀称的图形分成两个对称部分的线）: The axis of a circle is its diameter. 圆的轴线是其直径. 3 [C] fixed reference line for measurement, eg on a graph （为量度用的）固定参照线: the horizontal and vertical axes 横竖坐标轴. 4 [C] agreement or alliance between two or more countries 轴心（国与国之间的协定或联盟）. 5 the Axis [sing] the alliance of Germany, Italy and Japan in World War II 轴心国（第二次世界大战中德, 意, 日三国的联盟）. axle / 5Aksl; `Aksl/ n 1 rod on which or with which a wheel turns 轮轴. 2 rod that connects a pair of wheels on a vehicle 车轴: The back axle is broken. 后车轴断了. =>illus at App 1 见附录1 之插 图, page xii. ayatollah / 9aIE5tClE; 9aIE`tBlE/ n senior Muslim religious leader in Iran 伊朗穆斯林宗教领袖. aye (also ay) / aI; aI/ interj (arch or dialect 古或方) yes 是; 对: ,Aye, `aye, sir! eg in reply to an order by a naval officer 是, 长官! （如回答海军军官的命令）. aye (also ay) n. 1 (usu pl 通常作复数) vote in support of a motion at a meeting （会议中支持某 动议的）赞成票. 2 (idm 习语) the ayes `have it more people have voted for the motion than against it 赞成者占多数. azalea / E5zeIlIE; E`zeljE/ n flowering shrub of the rhododendron family 杜鹃花. azimuth / 5AzImEW; `AzEmEW/ n 1 (astronomy 天) arc of the sky from the zenith to the horizon 地平经度（从天顶到地平圈在天空的弧度）. 2 (in surveying) angle between this arc and the meridian （测量中）方位角（此弧与子午圈之间的夹角）. azure / 5AVE(r), also 5AzjUE(r); `AVL/ n [U], adj bright blue, as of the sky 天蓝色（的）; 浅蓝色 （的）; 蔚蓝色（的）: a lake reflecting the azure of the sky 反射著蔚蓝色天空的湖面* a dress of azure silk 天蓝色的丝绸连衣裙. B, b / bi:; bi/ n (pl B's, b's/ bi:z; biz/) 1 the second letter of the English alphabet 英语字母表的第二 个字母: There are three b's in bubble. 在bubble 这个字中有三个b.2 (music 音) the seventh note in the scale of C majorC 大调音阶中的第七音或音符. 3 academic mark of second highest standard 学业成绩达次高标准的评价符号: get (a) B/`B' in English 英语（学科）得B. B-road n. (in Britain) less important road than a motorway or an A-road, often narrow and winding （英国）B 级公路（重要性次于高速公路或A 级公路, 常较狭窄而曲折）. B / bi:; bi/ abbr 缩写= (of lead used in pencils) black,because soft （指铅笔心）黑色色重的（因质 软之故）: a B/BB/2B pencil 一个B[两个B/2B] 的铅笔. Cf 参看 H, HB. B / bi:; bi/ symb 符号(Brit) (of roads) secondary （指公路）B 级: the B1224 to York 通往约克郡 的B 级1224 号公路* a `B-road 一条B 级公路. Cf 参看 A. b abbr. 缩写= born: Emily Jane Clifton b 1800. 埃米莉·简·克利夫顿, 生于1800 年. Cf 参看 d 2. B and B (also b and b) / 9bi: En 5bi:; 9bi En `bi/ abbr 缩写= (Brit infml 口) bed and breakfast. B Ed / 9bi: 5ed; 9bi `Zd/ abbr 缩写= Bachelor of Education 教育学士: have/be a B Ed 有教育学 士学位[为教育学士] * Dilip Patel B Ed 迪利普·帕特尔教育学士. B Eng / 9bi:5endV; 9bi`ZndV/ abbr 缩写= Bachelor of Engineering 工学士: have/be a B Eng 有工 学士学位[为工学士] * Greg James B Eng 工学士格雷格·詹姆斯. B Litt / 9bi: 5lIt; 9bi `lIt/ abbr 缩写= Bachelor of Letters 文学士: have/be a B Litt in English 有英 国文学士学位[为英国文学士] * Sue Hill B Litt 休·希尔文学士. BA / 9bi: 5eI; 9bi `e/ abbr 缩写= 1 (US AB) Bachelor of Arts 文学士: have/be a BA in history 有 历史学学士学位[为历史学学士] * Jim Fox BA (Hons) 吉姆·福克斯（荣誉）文学士. 2 British Airways 英国航空公司: flight BA430 to Rome 乘英航430 号班机飞往罗马. B Mus / 9bi: 5mQs; 9bi `mQs/ abbr 缩写= Bachelor of Music 音乐学士: have/be a B Mus 有音乐 学士学位[为音乐学士] * John Scott B Mus 约翰·斯科特音乐学士. B Phil / 9bi: 5fIl; 9bi `fIl/ abbr 缩写= Bachelor of Philosophy 哲学学士: have/be a B Phil 有哲学 学士学位[为哲学学士] * Jill Green B Phil 哲学学士吉尔·格林. LL B, LL D, LLM abbr. s 缩写= Bachelor, Doctor, Master of Laws 法学学士、博士、硕士: have/be an LL B 有法学学士学位[为法学学士] * David Grafton LL B 戴维·格拉夫顿法学学士. BA / 9bi: 5eI; 9bi `e/ abbr 缩写= 1 (US AB) Bachelor of Arts 文学士: have/be a BA in history 有 历史学学士学位[为历史学学士] * Jim Fox BA (Hons) 吉姆·福克斯（荣誉）文学士. 2 British Airways 英国航空公司: flight BA430 to Rome 乘英航430 号班机飞往罗马. baa / bB:; bB/ n cry of a sheep or lamb 咩（羊叫声）. baa v. (pres p baaing, pt baaed or baa'd/ bB:d; bBd/) [I] make this cry; bleat 发咩声; （羊或小牛） 叫. babble / 5bAbl; `bAbl/ v 1 [I, Ipr, Ip] (a) talk in a way that is difficult or impossible to understand 含糊不清地说; 作咿呀声: Stop babbling and speak more slowly. 别老是咿咿呀呀的, 说慢点儿. * tourists babbling (away) in a foreign language 叽哩咕噜地说著外国话的游客. (b) chatter in a thoughtless or confused way 唠唠叨叨; 喋喋不休; 信口胡说; 胡言乱语: What is he babbling (on) about? 他在唠叨什麽? 2 [I] (of streams, etc) make a continuous murmuring sound （指流水等）作 潺潺声: a babbling brook 潺潺的小溪. babble n. [U] 1 (a) talk that is difficult or impossible to understand 含糊不清的话: hear the babble of many voices 听见许多人在唧唧喳喳地说话. (b) foolish talk 蠢话; 胡话. 2 gentle sound of water flowing over stones, etc （流水经过石子等的）潺潺声. babbler / 5bAblE(r); `bAblL/ n person who babbles 说话含糊不清的人; 唠唠叨叨的人. babe / beIb; beb/ n 1 (arch 古) baby 婴儿. 2 (US sl 俚) young woman 姑娘; 少女; 妞儿. 3 (idm 习语) a ,babe in `arms (a) very young baby not able to walk or crawl 襁褓中的婴儿. (b) innocent or helpless person 单纯的或不能自助的人. out of the mouths of babes and sucklings => mouth1. babel / 5beIbl; `bebl/ n [sing] scene of noisy talking and confusion 人声嘈杂、乱糟糟的场面: a babel of voices in the busy market 繁忙的市场上嘈杂的声音. baboon / bE5bu:n; ?@ bA-; bA`bun/ n large African or Arabian monkey with a dog-like face 狒狒. =>illus at monkey 见monkey 之插图. baby / 5beIbI; `bebI/ n 1 (a) very young child or animal 婴儿; 幼小的动物: Both mother and baby are doing well. 母子均平安. * [attrib 作定语] a ,baby `boy/`girl 男婴[女婴] * a baby thrush, monkey, crocodile 幼小的鸫、猴子、鱼. (b) (infml 口) youngest member of a family or group 家 庭或团体中最年幼的成员: He's the baby of the team. 他在队里最年轻. (c) childish or timid person 孩子气的人; 胆怯的人: Stop crying and don't be such a baby. 别哭了, 不要这样孩子气. 2 (a) (sl 俚esp US) young woman, esp a man's girl-friend 姑娘; （尤指男子的）女友. (b) (US sl 俚) person 人. 3 [attrib 作定语] very small of its kind 小型的: a baby car 小型汽车. 4 (idm 习语) be ,one's `baby (infml 口) be sth that one has created or has in one's care 由某人造成的事物; 归某人管的事 物: It's your baby, ie You must deal with it. 这是你干的（应由你来处理）. leave sb holding the baby => leave1. smooth as a baby's bottom => smooth1. start a baby => start2. throw the baby out with the bath water foolishly discard a valuable idea, plan, etc at the same time as one is getting rid of sth unpleasant or undesirable 把婴儿和洗澡水一齐倒掉（在把不想要或不需要的东西扔掉的同时, 也 愚蠢地抛弃了有价值的意见、计划等）; 在去其糟粕的同时, 也丢掉了精华. baby v. (pt, pp babied) [Tn] treat (sb) like a baby; pamper 把（某人）当成小孩; 纵容: Don't baby him. 不要纵容他. babyhood n. [sing] (a) state of being a baby 婴儿期. (b) time when one is a baby 婴儿时代. babyish adj. of, like or suitable for a baby 婴儿的; 婴儿般的; 适于婴儿的: Now that Ned can read he finds his early picture books too babyish. 由于内德已经识字, 他觉得他以前的那些画册都太浅 了. baby carriage ( US) = pram. baby-faced adj. having a smooth round babyish face 娃娃脸的. baby grand small grand piano 小型三角钢琴. baby-minder n. person paid to look after a baby for long periods (eg while the parents are working) 受雇长期照看婴儿者（如婴儿父母上班时）; 保姆. baby-sit v. (-tt-; pt -sat)[I] be a baby-sitter 代人临时照看婴儿: She regularly baby-sits for us. 她定 期前来为我们照看婴儿. baby-sitter n. (infml 口) (also sitter) person who looks after a child for a short time while the parents are out 小孩父母外出时临时照看孩子的人; 临时保姆. baby-sitting n. [U]. baby-snatcher n. woman who steals a baby, esp from its pram 窃婴女人（尤指自婴儿车内偷窃的）. baby-talk n. unnatural or simplified language used by or to babies before they can speak properly 儿 语（婴儿牙牙学语阶段所用或对其使用的一种不合规则的或简单语言）. baby tooth ( esp US) = milk tooth (milk). baccalaureate / 9bAkE5lR:rIEt; 9bAkE`lRrIIt/ n last secondary school examination in France and in many international schools （法国和许多国际学校的）中学毕业考试: sit, take, pass, fail, etc one's baccalaureate 参加、接受、通过、未通过...中学毕业考试. baccarat / 5bAkErB:; 9bAkE`rB/ n [U] card-game played by gamblers 巴卡拉纸牌戏（赌博者玩的）. bacchanal / 5bAkEnl; `bAkEnl/ n (pl ~s or ~ia/ 9bAk-E5neIlIE; 9bAkE`nelIE/) (dated or fml 旧或 文) bout of noisy, drunken merrymaking 狂饮作乐. > bacchana-lian/ 9bAkE5neIlIEn; 9bAkE`nelIEn/ adj: bacchanalian revels 狂欢作乐的饮宴. baccy / 5bAkI; `bAkI/ n [U] (Brit infml 口) tobacco 烟草. bachelor / 5bAtFElE(r); `bAtFElL/ n 1 (a) unmarried man 未婚男子; 单身汉: He remained a bachelor all his life. 他终生未娶. * a confirmed bachelor, ie one who has decided never to marry 抱 独身主义的男子（决心终身不娶的人） * [attrib 作定语] a bachelor girl, ie an unmarried woman who lives independently 独立生活的未婚女子. Cf 参看spinster. (b) [attrib 作定语] of or suitable for an unmarried person 单身者的; 适宜于单身者的: a bachelor flat 单身公寓. 2 person who holds a first university degree 获学士学位的人: a bachelor's degree 学士学位 * Bachelor of Arts/Science 文[理]学士. bacillus / bE5sIlEs; bE`sIlEs/ n (pl -cilli/ bE5sIlaI; bE`sIlaI/) rod-like bacterium, esp one of the types that cause disease 杆菌（尤指病菌）. back / bAk; bAk/ n 1 part or surface of an object that is furthest from the front; part that is less used, less visible or less important 后部; 后面; 背面; 反面: If you use mirrors you can see the back of your head. 使用两个镜子能看见自己的头的后部. * The index is at the back (of the book). 索引在 （书的）末尾. * The child sat in the back (of the car) behind the driver. 那孩子坐在（汽车的）后 部, 司机身后的位置上. * I was at the back (of the cinema) and couldn't see well. 我坐在（电影院 的）后排, 所以看不好. * Write your address on the back (of the cheque). 把你的地址写在（支票的） 背面. * a room at the back of the house 房屋内靠后面的一个房间* a house with a garden at the back 有后花园的房屋* You can't cut with the back of the knife. 用刀背就无法切割. * the back of one's hand, ie the side with the nails and the knuckles 手背. Cf 参看front 1. 2 (a) rear part of the human body from the neck to the buttocks; spine 人体的背部; 脊椎骨: He lay on his back and looked up at the sky. 他仰卧著观看天空. * She broke her back in a climbing accident. 她在一次攀 登事故中折断了脊梁骨. (b) part of an animal's body that corresponds to this 动物的脊背: Fasten the saddle on the horse's back. 把鞍子系在马背上. =>illus at horse 见horse 之插图. 3 part of a garment covering the back 后襟. 4 part of a chair against which a seated person's back rests 椅子的 靠背; 椅背. =>illus at App 1 见附录1 之插图, page xvi. 5 (in football, etc) defensive player whose position is near the goal （足球等）后卫. 6 (idm 习语) at the back of one's mind in one's thoughts, but without being of immediate or central concern 在内心中（但并非急事或要事）: At the back of his mind was the vague idea that he had met her before. 他隐隐约约地觉得以前曾经见过她. the ,back of bey`ond an isolated place, far from a centre of social and cultural activity 与外界隔绝的地方; 远 离闹市的地方: They live somewhere at the back of beyond. 他们住的地方远离闹市. ,back to `back with back against back 背靠背: Stand back to back and let's see who's taller. 背靠背站好, 看看谁的 个子高. , backless adj. (of dress) cut low at the back1(2a) （指连衣裙）露出后背的. backache n. [U, C] ache or pain in the back1(2a) 背痛; 腰痛. backbone n. 1 [C] line of bones down the middle of the back from the skull to the hips; spine; spinal column 椎骨; 脊柱; 脊椎. =>illus at skeleton 见skeleton 之插图. 2 [sing] (fig 比喻) chief support 中坚; 栋梁: Such people are the backbone of the country. 这样的人是国家的栋梁. 3 [U] (fig 比喻) strength; firmness 力气; 坚定性: He has no backbone, ie lacks stamina, perseverance, strength of character, etc. 他没有脊梁骨（缺少体力、毅力、坚强的性格等）. 4 (idm 习语) to the `backbone thoroughly 彻底地. back-breaking adj. exhausting 使人筋疲力尽的: back-breaking work, effort, etc 使人筋疲力尽的 工作、努力等. backpack n. (esp US) = rucksack. backpacker n. backpacking n. [U]. backrest n. support for the back1(2a) 靠背. backscratcher n. device with claws on a long handle for scratching one's own back1(2a) 搔背扒子 （带爪的长柄用具, 用以自己搔背, 俗称痒痒挠儿、不求人）. backstroke n. [U] swimming stroke done on one's back in the water 仰泳. back / bAk; bAk/ adj (esp attrib and in compounds; no comparative or superlative 尤用于定语及复合 词中; 无比较级或最高级) 1 situated behind 位置在后的: a back garden 后花园* the back door 后门* back teeth 槽牙* `back streets, ie usu narrow streets in a poor part of a town 后街（通常指 城镇贫民区中狭窄的街道）. 2 (a) of or for a past time 以前的; 过去的: back issues of a magazine 过期的杂志. (b) owed for a time in the past; overdue 拖欠的; 逾期的: back pay/taxes/rent 积欠的 工资[税款/租金]. 3 (phonetics 语音) (of a vowel) formed at the back of the mouth （指元音）后元 音的. 4 (idm 习语) put sth on the back burner (infml 口) put work, etc aside to be dealt with later 将工作等暂时搁置留待以后处理. by/through the back door in an unfair illegal way 走后门（采取不 正当不合法的手段）: He used his influential friends to help him get into the civil service by the back door. 他利用那些有权有势的朋友帮助他走后门, 到政府行政部门任职. back-bench n. (usu pl 通常作复数) (Brit) seat in the House of Commons for a back-bencher 后座 议员席（英国下议院中后座议员的席位）: sit on the back-benches 坐后座议员席 * [attrib 作定 语] ,back-bench M`Ps 后座议员. back-bencher n. (Brit) member of Parliament who does not hold an important position in the government or opposition 后座议员（在政府或反对党中均不担任重要职务的国会议员）. backcloth n. (Brit) printed cloth hung at the back of a stage in a theatre, as part of the scenery 背景 幕布. backdrop n. = backcloth. backhand n. [sing] (in tennis, etc) stroke or blow made with the back of the hand turned towards the opponent （网球等）反手抽击: He has a good backhand, ie can make good backhand shots. 他反手 击球很棒. * [attrib 作定语] a backhand stroke, shot, drive, etc 反手击球、抽球、打球等. Cf 参看 forehand. backhanded adj. [usu attrib 通常作定语] 1 played as a backhand 反手击球的. 2 indirect 间接 的; 转弯抹角的: a ,backhanded `compliment, ie one made in a sarcastic way so that it is not a compliment at all 挖苦人的恭维话（表面上恭维, 实则挖苦）. backhander n. (sl 俚) bribe 贿赂. backlist n. publisher's list of books still in print （出版商的）重版书目录. backlog n. (usu sing 通常作单数) accumulation of work or business not yet attended to 积压的工 作; 待办的业务: a backlog of work, unanswered letters 积压的工作[待覆信件] * After the postal strike there was a huge backlog of undelivered mail. 邮政部门罢工以后, 大量邮件积压下来. back number issue of a periodical of an earlier date, not now on sale 过期的、现已不出售的期刊. back road ( esp US) = by-road. back room n. 1 (esp unimportant) room at the back of a building 后室（位于建筑物后部的房间, 尤指无重要用途的）. 2 (idm 习语) ,back-room `boys (infml 口esp Brit) scientists, engineers, research workers, etc who receive little public attention 在幕后默默工作的科学家、工程师、研究人 员等. back seat 1 seat at the back of a car, etc 后座（位于汽车等后部的座位）. 2 (idm 习语) a ,back-seat `driver (derog 贬) passenger in a car who gives unwanted advice to the driver 对司机胡乱指点的乘客. take a back seat (fig 比喻) behave as if one were unimportant; take a less prominent part in sth 装扮成不 重要的角色; 在某事物中起较次要的作用. backside n. (infml 口) buttocks 屁股: Get off your backside and do some work! 别老坐著, 干点 儿实事! backstage adv 1 behind the stage in a theatre 在后台; 向后台: I was taken backstage to meet the actors. 我被 带到后台去会见演员. 2 (fig 比喻) unseen by the public 幕后: I'd like to know what really goes on backstage in government. 我很想知道政府在幕后到底在干些什麽. backwater n. (usu sing 通常作单数) 1 part of a river not reached by the current, where the water does not flow 死水. 2 (fig 比喻) place that remains unaffected by events, progress, new ideas, etc 不受外界的变化、进步、新观念等影响的地方; 闭塞地区: I find this town too much of a backwater. 我觉得这个城镇太闭塞. backwoods n. [pl] 1 uncleared forest land 未开拓的丛林地区. 2 remote or sparsely inhabited region 人烟稀少的边远地区. 3 culturally backward area 文化落后的地区. backwoodsman / -mEn; -mEn/ n (pl -men/-mEn; -mEn/) person who lives in the backwoods 居住在 未开拓的丛林地区[人烟稀少的边远地区/文化落后地区]的人. backyard n. (also yard) 1 (a) (Brit) (esp of terraced houses) usu paved area at the back of a house （尤指成排房屋）（位于房屋后部通常为铺砌的）后院. (b) (US) whole area behind and belonging to a house, including the lawn, garden, etc 后院（房屋后面并属于该房屋, 包括草地、花园等在内的 一整块地）. 2 (fig 比喻) area that is very close (used esp in the expression shown) 很近的区域（尤 用于以下示例）: in one's own backyard, ie within one's own organization 在自己的后院（在自己的 组织内）. back / bAk; bAk/ adv part 1 (a) towards or at the rear; away from the front or centre 往后; 在后; 在背面: Stand back to allow the procession to pass. 往后站, 让队伍通过. * Sit well back in your chair. 靠著椅背坐好. * You've combed your hair back. 你已把头发梳到后面. * The house stands back (ie at some distance) from the road. 那房屋离公路有一段距离. * We passed a garage, about a mile back. 我们经过了一个汽车服务站, 大约有一英里远了. Cf 参看 forward1 1. (b) under control 控制住; 忍住: He could no longer hold back his tears. 他再也忍不住自己的眼泪. * The barriers failed to hold/keep the crowds back. 那些障碍物未能拦住群众. 2 (a) in(to) an earlier position, condition or stage 在（回到）以前的位置、状况或阶段: Put the book back on the shelf. 把 书放回到书架上. * Please give me my ball back. 请把球还给我. * My aunt is just back (ie has just returned) from Paris. 我姨妈刚从巴黎回来. * It takes me an hour to walk there and back. 我步行一 个来回用一小时. * We shall be back (ie home again) by six o'clock. 我们六点钟回来. * The party expects to be back in power after the election. 该党希望大选以后能重新掌权. (b) (of time) ago; into the past （指时间）以前, 上溯: (way) back in the Middle Ages 上溯到中世纪* That was a few years back. 那是几年以前的事. 3 in return 回报: If he kicks me, I'll kick him back. 他若踢我, 我 就踢他. * Jane wrote him a long letter, but he never wrote back. 简给他写了封长信, 然而他一直没 有回信. * She smiled at him, and he smiled back. 她向他微笑, 他也向她微笑. 4 (idm 习 语) ,back and `forth from one place to another and back again repeatedly 来回地: ferries sailing back and forth between Dover and Calais 往返于多佛港和加来港之间的渡船. (in) back of sth (US infml 口) behind sth 在某物的后面: the houses back of the church 位于教堂后面的房屋. backbite v. (pt, pp backbitten) [I] (esp in the continuous tenses 尤用于进行时态) slander the reputation of sb who is not present 背后中伤他人. backbiter n. person who backbites 背后中伤他人的人. backbiting n. [U]. backchat n. [U] (US back talk) (infml 口) answering back cheekily 顶嘴; 强嘴: I want none of your backchat! 我不许你顶嘴! backcomb (also tease) v. [Tn] comb (hair) from the ends back towards the scalp to give it a fuller appearance 逆梳（头发）（从发梢梳向头皮以使头发蓬松）. backdate v. [Tn] declare that (sth) is to be regarded as valid from some date in the past 宣布（某事 物）自过去某日起即为有效: a pay increase awarded in June and backdated to 1 May 6 月份发放的 从5 月1 日算起的增薪. backfire v. 1 [I] ignite or explode too early, esp in an internal combustion engine 过早点火或爆燃 （尤指内燃机）; 回火; 逆火: The car/engine backfired noisily. 那汽车[发动机]发生逆火引起爆鸣. 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (on sb) (fig 比喻) produce an unexpected and unwanted result esp for the people responsible for the action 产生出乎意料及事与愿违的结果（尤指对于该行为的责任者而言）: The plot backfired (on the terrorist) when the bomb exploded too soon. 由于炸弹过早爆炸, （恐怖分子 的）阴谋未能得逞. Cf 参看misfire. n early explosion, esp in an internal combustion engine 过早 爆燃（尤指内燃机）; 回火; 逆火. back-formation n. [U, C] (process of making a) word that appears to be the root of a longer word, eg televise from television 逆构词（该词看来像是某一较长单词的词根, 如由television 逆造出 televise）; 逆序造词法. backlash n. [sing] extreme and usu violent reaction to some event 对某些事情的激烈的、通常诉诸 暴力的反应: The fall of the fascist dictatorship was followed by a left-wing backlash. 法西斯专政的 垮台引起左翼运动的高涨. back-pedal v. (-ll-; US -l-) 1 [I] pedal backwards on a bicycle, etc 倒蹬（自行车等）. 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (on sth) (fig 比喻) withdraw from an earlier statement or policy; reverse one's previous action 背弃 以前的言论或政策; 变卦: The Government are back-pedalling on their election promises. 内阁正在 背弃它竞选时的诺言. backslide v. (pt, pp `backslid) [I] lapse from good ways into one's former bad ways of living （从良 好的生活方式）倒退（到以往不良的生活方式）: He's a reformed criminal who may yet backslide. 他 是个经过改造的罪犯, 然而仍有可能故态复萌. backsliding n. [U]. backspace v. [I] move the carriage of a typewriter backwards one or more spaces by pressing the special key for this 按退格键（使打字机滚筒退格）. back talk ( US) = backchat. backtrack v. [I] 1 return by the way that one came 由原路返回; 走回头路. 2 (fig 比喻) withdraw from an earlier argument or policy 背弃已往的言论或政策. backwash n. 1 backward movement of water in waves, esp behind a moving ship 回浪. 2 (fig 比喻) (usu unpleasant) results of an action, a policy or an event （行为、政策或事件的）后果, 余波 （通常为不愉快者）: [attrib 作定语] the backwash effect of the war years 战争年代的遗祸. back / bAk; bAk/ v 1 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] (cause sth to) move backwards （使某物）后退: back (a car) out of/into the garage, onto the road, into (ie hitting) a tree 开倒车驶出[驶入]车房、驶上 公路、撞著一棵树. 2 [Ipr, Tn] ~ (on/onto) sth face sth at the back 背对著某物: Our house backs on(to) the river. 我们的房子背靠著河. 3 [Tn] (a) give help or support to (sb/sth) 帮助, 支持某 人[某事] : She's the candidate who is backed by the Labour Party. 她是工党支持的候选人. (b) give financial support to (sb/sth) 给某人[某事物] 以财务上的支持: Who is backing the film? 谁是那影片的赞助人? 4 [Tn] bet money on (a horse, greyhound, etc) 下赌注于（赛马、赛狗等）: I backed four horses but won nothing. 我在四匹马上下了注, 但全都输了. * Did anyone back the winner? 有人下注下在最后胜出的这匹马上了吗? * The favourite was heavily backed, ie Much money was bet on its winning the race. 在那匹热门马上下了重注. 5 [Tn, Tn.pr esp passive 尤用 于被动语态] ~ sth (with sth) cover the back of sth; be a lining to sth 覆盖某物的背面; 作某物的衬 里: The photograph was backed with cardboard. 照片背面衬上了一层纸板. 6 [Tn] sign (sth) on the back as a promise to pay if necessary; endorse 在背面签字作为可根据需要随时付款的担保; 背书: back a bill, note, etc 在单据、票据等上背书. 7 [I] (of wind) change gradually in an anti-clockwise direction (eg from E to NE to N) （指风向）循反时针方向逐渐改变（如由东风转为 东北风再转为北风）. Cf 参看 veer 2. 8 (idm 习语) ,back the wrong `horse support the loser (in a contest) 下错了赌注; 支持（竞赛中的）输家. 9 (phr v) back away (from sb/sth) move backwards in fear or dislike 因害怕或厌恶而后退: The child backed away from the big dog. 那个孩子看见大狗 就向后退了. back `down; US back `off give up a claim to sth; yield 放弃对某事物的要求; 屈服: He proved that he was right and his critics had to back down. 他证明了他是正确的, 而那些非难他 的人不得不收起他们那一套. back out (of sth) withdraw from (an agreement, a promise, etc) 不履行 （协议、承诺等）: It's too late to back out (of the deal) now. 现? backer n. 1 person who gives (esp financial) support to another person, an undertaking, etc 赞助 人; （尤指）资助人. 2 person who bets money on a horse, etc （赛马等中的）下赌注者. backing n. 1 (a) [U] help; support 帮助; 支持. (b) [sing] group of supporters 一群支持者: The new leader has a large backing. 那位新领导人有大批的支持者. 2 [U] material used to form the back of sth or to support sth 用作某物的背衬材料; 用作支撑某物的材料: cloth, rubber, cardboard, etc backing 布、橡胶、纸板等做的背衬. 3 [U, C usu sing 通常作单数] (esp in pop music) musical accompaniment to a singer （尤指流行音乐）为歌手的伴奏: vocal/instrumental backing 和音[伴奏] * [attrib 作定语] a backing group 和音小组. back-up n. 1 [U] support; reserve 支持; 支援; 后备: The police had military back-up. 警方有军 队作后盾. * [attrib 作定语] back-up services 善后服务* the back-up team of a racing driver 赛车 手的后勤队. 2 [U, C] (computing 计) (making a) copy of a file, program, etc for use in case the original is lost or damaged （制作）（文件、程序等的）复制件（以备原件丢失或损坏时使用）: [attrib 作定语] a back-up disc 复制件磁盘. backgammon / 9bAk5gAmEn, 5bAkgAmEn; `bAk-9-AmEn/ n [U] game for two players played on a double board with draughts and dice 西洋双陆棋（供两人玩, 使用对摺棋盘、棋子、色子）. background / 5bAkgraUnd; `bAk9-raJnd/ n 1 [sing] part of a view, scene or description that forms a setting for the chief objects, people, etc 背景. Cf 参看 foreground. 2 [sing] (a) inconspicuous position (used esp in the expressions shown) 不显著的位置; 幕后（尤用于以下示例）: be/be kept/stay in the background, ie not in the centre of public attention 在[保持在/留在]幕后（避开公众 的注意）. (b) [attrib 作定语] unobtrusive 不明显的: background music 背景音乐; 配乐. Cf 参看 foreground. 3 (a) [sing] conditions and events surrounding and influencing sth 围绕并影响某事物 的情况和事件: These political developments should be seen against a background of increasing East-West tension. 分析这些政治形势时, 应考虑到东西方关系正日趋紧张. * [attrib 作定语] background information 背景资料. (b) [C] person's social class, education, training, etc 人的社会阶 层、学历、资历等: He has a working-class background. 他是工人阶级出身. (c) [U] information that is needed to understand a problem, etc （为了解某问题等所需的）资料: Can you give me more background on the company's financial position? 你能向我多提供一些有关该公司财务状况的资料 吗? backward / 5bAkwEd; `bAkwLd/ adj 1 directed towards the back or the starting point 向后的; 向 原出发点的: a backward glance, somersault 向后一瞥、翻一个筋斗. 2 having made or making less than normal progress 落后的; 后进的: a very backward part of the country, with no proper roads and no electricity 这个国家中极其落后的地区, 既没有像样的公路也没有电力供应* John was rather backward as a child; he was nearly three before he could walk. , . 3 [pred 作表语] ~ (in sth) shy; reluctant; hesitant 害羞; 怯生生; 迟疑: Sheila is very clever but rather backward in expressing her ideas. 希拉很聪明, 然而在表达思想时却有些腼腆. Cf 参看 forward. backwards (also backward) adv 1 away from one's front; towards the back 向后: He looked backwards over his shoulder. 他回 头向后看. 2 with the back or the end first 倒著; 颠倒: It's not easy to run backwards. 倒著跑不容 易. * The word `star' is `rats' backwards. star 这个字是倒著拼的rats. 3 toward a worse or a previous state 回到更坏的或先前的状况: Let's take a journey backwards through time, ie imagine we are going back to an earlier period in history. 让我们作一次逆著时间的旅行（想像我们回到过 去的历史时期里）. * Instead of making progress, my work actually seems to be going backwards. 我 的工作不但没有进步, 实际上像是在倒退. =>Usage at forward2 用法见 forward2. 4 (idm 习 语) ,backward(s) and `forward(s) first in one direction and then in the other 来回地: travelling backwards and forwards between London and the south coast 往返于伦敦和南海岸之间 * [attrib 作定语] a backward and forward movement 往复运动. bend/lean over `backwards (to do sth) (infml 口) make a great effort 努力; 竭力: Although we bent over backwards to please her, our new manager was still very critical of our work. 尽管我们竭力讨好新经理, 但她仍然对我们的工作百 般挑剔. know sth backwards => know. backwardness n. [U]. bacon / 5beIkEn; `bekEn/ n [U] 1 salted or smoked meat from the back or sides of a pig 腌猪肉, 熏 猪肉（猪的背部或肋部的肉）: a rasher of bacon 一片腌猪肉. Cf 参看gammon, ham 1, pork. 2 (idm 习语) bring home the bacon => home3. save one's bacon => save1. bacteria / bAk5tIErIE; bAk`tIrIE/ n [pl] (sing -ium/ -IEm; -IEm/) simplest and smallest forms of plant life, microscopic organisms that exist in large numbers in air, water and soil, and also in living and dead creatures and plants, and are often a cause of disease 细菌. bacterial / -rIEl; -rIEl/ adj of or caused by bacteria 细菌的; 由细菌引起的: bacterial contamination 细菌感染. bacteriology / bAk9tIErI5ClEdVI; `bAk9tIrI`BlEdVI/ n[U] scientific study of bacteria 细菌学. bacteriologist /-dVIst; -dVIst/ n person specializing in bacteriology 细菌学家. bad / bAd; bAd/ adj (worse/ w\:s; w[s/, worst/ w\:st; w[st/) 1 (a) of poor quality; below an acceptable standard; faulty 坏的; 劣质的; 不合格的; 有错的: a bad lecture, harvest 很糟的演讲、收成 * bad pronunciation, eyesight 很差的发音、视力* You can't take photographs if the light is bad. 光线不足, 就无法拍照. (b) (used with names of occupations or with ns derived from vs 与职业名称连用或与 动词派生的名词连用) not competent; not able to perform satisfactorily 不能胜任的; 表现不能令人 满意的: a bad teacher, hairdresser, poet, etc 滥竽充数的教师、理发师、诗人等* a bad liar, listener, etc 很差劲的说谎者、听者等* a bad loser, ie one who complainswhen he loses 没出息的失败者 （失败后怨天尤人的人）. 2 not morally acceptable; wicked 不道德的; 邪恶的: It's bad to steal. 偷窃真缺德. * He led a bad life. 他曾经过著邪恶的生活. 3 unpleasant; disagreeable; unwelcome 令人不快的; 使人讨厌的; 不受欢迎的: In the recession, our firm went through a bad time. 我们公 司在经济衰退时期历尽艰辛. * What bad weather we're having! 多讨厌的天气! * He's had some bad news: his father has died suddenly. 他得悉噩耗: 父亲突然去世. * These rotting bananas are giving off a bad smell. 这些腐烂的香蕉发出难闻的气味. 4 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (of things that are in themselves undesirable) serious; noticeable （指那些本身就要不得的东西）严重的, 显 著的: a bad mistake, accident, fracture, headache 严重的错误、事故、骨折、头痛. 5 (of food) not fit to be eaten because of decay; rotting or rotten （指食物）因变质而不能食用的, 正在腐烂或已经 腐烂的: bad eggs, meat, etc 腐坏的蛋、肉等* The fish will go bad if you don't put it in the fridge. 这鱼不放入冰箱内就会腐坏. 6 [usu attrib 通常作定语] unhealthy or diseased 不健康的; 有病的: bad teeth 蛀牙* a bad back, ie one that causes pain 背部疼痛. 7 [pred 作表语] ~ for sb/sth hurtful or injurious to sb/sth 有害于某人[某事物]: Smoking is bad for you/bad for your health. 吸烟 有害于你[有害于你的健康]. * Too much rain is bad for the crops. 雨量过多对庄稼不利. 8 ~ (for sth/to do sth) unsuitable; difficult bad adv (US infml 口) badly(2) 非常; 在很大程度上: That's what I want, and I want it bad. 这就是我 想要的, 而且是迫不及待要得到的. * Are you hurt bad? 你伤得厉害吗? baddy n. (infml 口) villain in a film, novel, etc （电影、小说等中的）反面人物, 坏人: In real life, it's not so easy to divide people into goodies and baddies. 在现实生活中, 要划分好人和坏人并非易 事. badly adv (worse, worst) 1 in an inadequate or unsatisfactory manner 不好; 以不适当的或不能令人满 意的方式: play, work, sing, etc badly 玩得、干得、唱得...不好* badly made, dressed, etc 做得、 穿得...不像样子的* I'm afraid our team's doing rather badly. 我看我们队的表现不太好. 2 (with expressions indicating a want, need, etc or undesirable conditions 与表示匮乏、需要等用语连用或与 表示不良情况的用语连用) very much; to a great extent 非常; 在很大程度上: badly in need of repair 亟须修理 * badly wounded 伤情严重* badly beaten at football 在足球赛中惨败 * They want to see her very badly. 他们很想见到她. 3 (idm 习语) badly off in a poor position, esp financially 潦倒; （尤指）穷困: We shouldn't complain about being poor many families are much worse off (than we are). 我们不应该因为穷而叫苦连天--许多人的家境（比起我们来）还要糟得多 呢. be badly off for sth be in need (of sth); be inadequately supplied (with sth) 需要（某物）; 供应（某 物）不足: The refugees are badly off for blankets, and even worse off for food. 难民需要毯子, 更需 要食物. badness n. [U]. bad debt debt that is unlikely to be paid 坏帐. bad lands n. [pl] (US) barren regions 不毛之地. bad language obscene or profane words used insultingly or to add emphasis; swear-words 脏话; 骂人的话. bad-mouth v. [Tn] (US infml 口) talk maliciously about (sb); slander 恶意中伤（某人）; 诽谤. bad-tempered adj. usually cross 脾气坏的. bad / bAd; bAd/ n the bad [U] 1 that which is wicked, unpleasant, etc 坏的事物. 2 (idm 习语) go to the `bad become completely immoral 道德败坏; 堕落. take the ,bad with the `good accept the unwelcome aspects (of life, a situation, etc) as well as the welcome ones 好坏都看得开. to the `bad (used to describe a financial position) in debit （用以形容财务状况）亏损, 负债: I am 500 to the bad, ie I have 500 less than I had. 我负债500 英镑. bade => bid. badge / bAdV; bAdV/ n (a) thing worn (usu a design on cloth or sth made of metal) to show a person's occupation, rank, membership of a society, etc 徽章: a cap badge, eg of a schoolboy or soldier 帽徽. =>illus at hat 见hat 之插图. (b) (fig 比喻) thing that shows a quality or condition 象徵; 标志: Chains are a badge of slavery. 锁链是奴隶制度的标志. badger / 5bAdVE(r); `bAdVL/ n animal of the weasel family, grey with black and white stripes on its head, living in holes in the ground and moving about at night . =>illus at App 1 见附录1 之插图, Oxford Dictionary Translation memory software company ForeignDesk, Okapi Framework, OmegaT, Transolution, AidTransStudio, Cafetran, Déjà Vu (DVX), Heartsome Translation Suite, MemoQ, MetaTexis, Rainbow, SDLX, SDL, STAR Transit, Trados, SDL Trados, Wordfast, WordFisher, Similis, Open Language Tools http://www.transgood.com